FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Nisbet, AJ Gasbarre, LC Garrett, WM AF Zarlenga, D. S. Nisbet, A. J. Gasbarre, L. C. Garrett, W. M. TI A calcium-activated nucleotidase secreted from Ostertagia ostertagi 4th-stage larvae is a member of the novel salivary apyrases present in blood-feeding arthropods SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apyrase; ATP-diphosphohydrolase; E-NTPDase; Ostertagia; nematode; parasite ID ATP-DIPHOSPHOHYDROLASE; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; CLONING; ENZYME; INFLAMMATION; MOLECULES; ADENOSINE AB Apyrases (ATP-diphosphohydrolase) comprise a ubiquitous class of glycosylated nucleotidases that hydrolyse extracellular ATP and ADP to orthophosphate and AMP. One class of newly-described, Ca2+-dependent, salivary apyrases known to counteract blood-clotting, has been identified in haematophagous arthropods. Herein, we have identified a gene (Oos-apy-1) encoding a protein that structurally conforms to the Ca2+-activated apyrase from the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, by immunologically screening an Ostertagia L4 cDNA expression library. The expressed protein (rOos-APY-1) was biochemically functional in the presence of Ca2+ only, with greatest activity onATP, ADP, UTP and UDP. Host antibodies to the fusion protein appeared as early as 14 days post-infection (p.i.) and increased through 30 days p.i. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the native Oos-APY-1 protein is present in the glandular bulb of the oesophagus and is confined to the L4. A putative signal sequence at the N-terminus and near 100% identity with a Teladorsagia circumcincta L4 secreted protein is consistent with the native protein being secreted at the cellular level. Predicated upon substrate specificity, the native protein may be used by the parasite to control the levels of host extracellular nucleotides released by locally-damaged tissues in an effort to modulate immune intervention and inflammation. C1 [Zarlenga, D. S.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nisbet, A. J.] Moredun Res Inst, Div Parasitol, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. [Zarlenga, D. S.; Gasbarre, L. C.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrett, W. M.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, B1180 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dante.zarlenga@ars.usda.gov OI Nisbet, Alasdair/0000-0002-4965-5396 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS); Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD) FX Soluble extracts (S1) from adult and L4 O. ostertagi were kindly donated by Dr Stuart Smith, Moredun Research Institute. Authors express thanks to M.B. Chute, P. Boyd and D. Hebert for technical assistance. D.S.Z. is funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS). A.J.N. is funded by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD). NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 138 IS 3 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1017/S0031182010001241 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 729GV UT WOS:000287937600007 PM 20809998 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Yau, YY Perkins-Balding, D Thomson, JG AF Wang, Yueju Yau, Yuan-Yeu Perkins-Balding, Donna Thomson, James G. TI Recombinase technology: applications and possibilities SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Review DE Site-specific recombination; Transgenic plant; Integration; Excision; RMCE ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; MEDIATED CASSETTE EXCHANGE; FREE TRANSGENIC PLANTS; SELECTABLE MARKER GENE; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENE; CHIMERIC CRE RECOMBINASE; AGROBACTERIUM T-DNA; LOXP SPACER REGION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB The use of recombinases for genomic engineering is no longer a new technology. In fact, this technology has entered its third decade since the initial discovery that recombinases function in heterologous systems (Sauer in Mol Cell Biol 7(6):2087-2096, 1987). The random insertion of a transgene into a plant genome by traditional methods generates unpredictable expression patterns. This feature of transgenesis makes screening for functional lines with predictable expression labor intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, an antibiotic resistance gene is often left in the final product and the potential escape of such resistance markers into the environment and their potential consumption raises consumer concern. The use of site-specific recombination technology in plant genome manipulation has been demonstrated to effectively resolve complex transgene insertions to single copy, remove unwanted DNA, and precisely insert DNA into known genomic target sites. Recombinases have also been demonstrated capable of site-specific recombination within non-nuclear targets, such as the plastid genome of tobacco. Here, we review multiple uses of site-specific recombination and their application toward plant genomic engineering. We also provide alternative strategies for the combined use of multiple site-specific recombinase systems for genome engineering to precisely insert transgenes into a pre-determined locus, and removal of unwanted selectable marker genes. C1 [Wang, Yueju] NE State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Broken Arrow, OK 74014 USA. [Perkins-Balding, Donna] Macon State Coll, Dept Biol, Macon, GA 31206 USA. [Yau, Yuan-Yeu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Thomson, James G.] USDA ARS WRRC, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Thomson, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM James.Thomson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5325-21000-002-00D] FX We are grateful to R. Thilmony for critical reading of the manuscript. Research was funded by USDA-ARS project 5325-21000-002-00D. NR 179 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 SI SI BP 267 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s00299-010-0938-1 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 719JZ UT WOS:000287202300003 PM 20972794 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, JR Jones, TA Adler, PB Monaco, TA AF Mukherjee, Jayanti Ray Jones, Thomas A. Adler, Peter B. Monaco, Thomas A. TI Drought tolerance in two perennial bunchgrasses used for restoration in the Intermountain West, USA SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bluebunch wheatgrass; Snake River wheatgrass; Specific leaf area; Specific root length; Precipitation use efficiency ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; PLANT GAS-EXCHANGE; SOIL-WATER; LEAF-AREA; GRASSES; ROOT; SEEDLINGS; PEANUT AB An ideal restoration species for the semi-arid Intermountain West, USA would be one that grows rapidly when resources are abundant in the spring, yet tolerates summer's drought. We compared two perennial C-3,C- Triticeae Intermountain-native bunchgrasses, the widely occurring Pseudoroegneria spicata and the much less widespread Elymus wawawaiensis, commonly used as a restoration surrogate for P. spicata. Specifically, we evaluated seedlings of multiple populations of each species for biomass production, water use, and morphological and physiological traits that might relate to drought tolerance under three watering frequencies (WFs) in a greenhouse. Shoot biomass of E. wawawaiensis exceeded that of P. spicata regardless of WF. At low WF, E. wawawaiensis displayed 38% greater shoot biomass, 80% greater specific leaf area (SLA), and 32% greater precipitation use efficiency (PUE). One E. wawawaiensis population, E-46, displayed particularly high root biomass and water consumption at high WF. We suggest that such a plant material could be especially effective for restoration of Intermountain rangelands by preempting early-season weeds for spring moisture and also achieving high PUE. Our data explain how E. wawawaiensis has been so successful as a restoration surrogate for P. spicata and highlight the importance of measuring functional traits such as PUE and SLA when characterizing restoration plant materials. C1 [Mukherjee, Jayanti Ray] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Grad Program, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Mukherjee, Jayanti Ray; Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jones, Thomas A.; Monaco, Thomas A.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Mukherjee, JR (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM plants@scientist.com RI Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 212 IS 3 BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s11258-010-9837-3 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 726GX UT WOS:000287709200011 ER PT J AU Shahbazi, H Aminian, H Sahebani, N Halterman, D AF Shahbazi, Hadis Aminian, Heshmatollah Sahebani, Navazollah Halterman, Dennis TI Effect of Alternaria solani Exudates on Resistant and Susceptible Potato Cultivars from Two Different pathogen isolates SO PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Alternaria solani; bioassay; early blight; pathogenicity; phytotoxicity ID F-SP LYCOPERSICI; VITRO SELECTION; IN-VITRO; TOMATO; TOXIN; DIVERSITY; CULTURE; PLANTS AB Early blight of potato, caused by Alternaria solani, is a ubiquitous disease in many countries around the world. Our previous screening of several Iranian potato cultivars found that significant variation in resistance phenotypes exists between two cultivars: resistant 'Diamond' and susceptible 'Granula'. Our previous analysis of five different pathogen isolates also identified varying degrees of aggressiveness regardless of the host cultivar. Here, a bioassay was used to study the role of liquid culture exudates produced in vitro on pathogenicity and elicitation of disease symptomology in seedlings as well as detached leaves. Responses of host genotypes to the exudates of the two A. solani isolates were significantly different. Detached leaves of the resistant cultivar 'Diamond' elicited fewer symptoms to each isolate when compared to the susceptible cultivar 'Granula'. Interestingly, the phytotoxicity effect of the culture filtrate from the more aggressive isolate A was higher than from isolate N suggesting an increased concentration or strength of the toxins produced. Our results are significant because they indicate a correlation between symptoms elicited by A. solani phytotoxins and their aggressiveness on the host. C1 [Shahbazi, Hadis] Islamic Azad Univ, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran. [Aminian, Heshmatollah; Sahebani, Navazollah] Univ Tehran, Dept Plant Protect, Tehran, Iran. [Halterman, Dennis] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shahbazi, H (reprint author), Islamic Azad Univ, Arak Branch, POB 38135-567, Arak, Iran. EM sah.shahbazi@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU KOREAN SOC PLANT PATHOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATIONAL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, PLANT PATHOLOGY DIVISION, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-2254 J9 PLANT PATHOLOGY J JI Plant Pathol. J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.5423/PPJ.2011.27.1.014 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 730NL UT WOS:000288040200003 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ML Zarnowski, R AF Sullivan, Michael L. Zarnowski, Robert TI Red Clover HCT2, a Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A: Malate Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase, Plays a Crucial Role in Biosynthesis of Phaselic Acid and Other Hydroxycinnamoyl-Malate Esters in Vivo SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; CHLOROGENIC ACID; GENE-TRANSFER; PLANTS; CLONING; ALFALFA; PROTEIN; ACYLTRANSFERASE; PURIFICATION AB In red clover (Trifolium pratense) leaves, phaselic acid (2-O-caffeoyl-L-malate) accumulates to several mmol kg 21 fresh weight and is a crucial component of a natural system that prevents protein breakdown during harvest and storage of this forage crop. Previously, we identified HCT2, a red clover gene encoding a hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) hydroxycinnamoyl transferase capable of transferring p-coumaroyl and caffeoyl moieties from their CoA derivatives to malic acid to form the corresponding hydroxycinnamoyl-malate esters in vitro. Here, we carried out a detailed kinetic analysis of the enzyme and examined its in vivo function in red clover via reverse genetics. The kinetic analysis indicates that in vitro, despite similar K-m values for the tested hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA derivatives, HCT2 favors transfer to malate of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl moieties over caffeoyl moieties by greater than 5-fold. Reverse reaction (transfer of hydroxycinnamoyl moieties from malate to CoA) by HCT2 was observed with p-coumaroyl-malate but not phaselic acid. Analysis of red clover plants down-regulated for HCT2 expression via RNA interference showed a significant and substantial correlation between HCT2 mRNA levels and phaselic acid accumulation (P < 0.005). In several of the HCT2-silenced plants, phaselic acid and p-coumaroyl-malate levels were reduced to <5% that of wild-type controls. These reductions resulted in easily observable phenotypes including reduced polyphenol oxidase-mediated browning and a reduction in blue epidermal fluorescence under ultraviolet light. These results demonstrate a crucial role for HCT2 in phaselic acid accumulation in red clover and define a previously undescribed pathway for the biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl-malate esters in plants. C1 [Sullivan, Michael L.; Zarnowski, Robert] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sullivan, ML (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.sullivan@ars.usda.gov RI Zarnowski, Robert/A-2786-2009; OI Zarnowski, Robert/0000-0001-6343-1500; Sullivan, Michael/0000-0002-8517-4493 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-35318-05048] FX This work was supported by a National Research Initiative Competitive Grant (no. 2009-35318-05048) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 155 IS 3 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.1104/pp.110.166793 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727ZY UT WOS:000287843800002 PM 21205620 ER PT J AU Robischon, M Du, JA Miura, E Groover, A AF Robischon, Marcel Du, Juan Miura, Eriko Groover, Andrew TI The Populus Class III HD ZIP, popREVOLUTA, Influences Cambium Initiation and Patterning of Woody Stems SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLAR AUXIN TRANSPORT; APICAL MERISTEM DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SECONDARY GROWTH; KANADI GENES; LAND PLANTS; DELTOIDES; DIFFERENTIATION; EVOLUTION AB The secondary growth of a woody stem requires the formation of a vascular cambium at an appropriate position and proper patterning of the vascular tissues derived from the cambium. Class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD ZIP) transcription factors have been implicated in polarity determination and patterning in lateral organs and primary vascular tissues and in the initiation and function of shoot apical meristems. We report here the functional characterization of a Populus class III HD ZIP gene, popREVOLUTA (PRE), that demonstrates another role for class III HD ZIPs in regulating the development of cambia and secondary vascular tissues. PRE is orthologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) REVOLUTA and is expressed in both the shoot apical meristem and in the cambial zone and secondary vascular tissues. Transgenic Populus expressing a microRNA-resistant form of PRE presents unstable phenotypic abnormalities affecting both primary and secondary growth. Surprisingly, phenotypic changes include abnormal formation of cambia within cortical parenchyma that can produce secondary vascular tissues in reverse polarity. Genes misexpressed in PRE mutants include transcription factors and auxin-related genes previously implicated in class III HD ZIP functions during primary growth. Together, these results suggest that PRE plays a fundamental role in the initiation of the cambium and in regulating the patterning of secondary vascular tissues. C1 [Robischon, Marcel; Du, Juan; Miura, Eriko; Groover, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Expt Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Groover, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Expt Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us FU Department of Energy [DE-A102-05ER64115] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy (grant no. DE-A102-05ER64115). NR 58 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 155 IS 3 BP 1214 EP 1225 DI 10.1104/pp.110.167007 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727ZY UT WOS:000287843800014 PM 21205615 ER PT J AU Huffaker, A Dafoe, NJ Schmelz, EA AF Huffaker, Alisa Dafoe, Nicole J. Schmelz, Eric A. TI ZmPep1, an Ortholog of Arabidopsis Elicitor Peptide 1, Regulates Maize Innate Immunity and Enhances Disease Resistance SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JASMONIC ACID; PLANT DEFENSE; HDMBOA-GLC; INDUCED ACCUMULATION; MOLECULAR-PATTERNS; BIPOLARIS-MAYDIS; MESSENGER-RNA; INSECT ATTACK; TOMATO LEAVES; ZEA-MAYS AB ZmPep1 is a bioactive peptide encoded by a previously uncharacterized maize (Zea mays) gene, ZmPROPEP1. ZmPROPEP1 was identified by sequence similarity as an ortholog of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtPROPEP1 gene, which encodes the precursor protein of elicitor peptide 1 (AtPep1). Together with its receptors, AtPEPR1 and AtPEPR2, AtPep1 functions to activate and amplify innate immune responses in Arabidopsis and enhances resistance to both Pythium irregulare and Pseudomonas syringae. Candidate orthologs to the AtPROPEP1 gene have been identified from a variety of crop species; however, prior to this study, activities of the respective peptides encoded by these orthologs were unknown. Expression of the ZmPROPEP1 gene is induced by fungal infection and treatment with jasmonic acid or ZmPep1. ZmPep1 activates de novo synthesis of the hormones jasmonic acid and ethylene and induces the expression of genes encoding the defense proteins endochitinase A, PR-4, PRms, and SerPIN. ZmPep1 also stimulates the expression of Benzoxazineless1, a gene required for the biosynthesis of benzoxazinoid defenses, and the accumulation of 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside in leaves. To ascertain whether ZmPep1-induced defenses affect resistance, maize plants were pretreated with the peptide prior to infection with fungal pathogens. Based on cell death and lesion severity, ZmPep1 pretreatment was found to enhance resistance to both southern leaf blight and anthracnose stalk rot caused by Cochliobolis heterostrophus and Colletotrichum graminicola, respectively. We present evidence that peptides belonging to the Pep family have a conserved function across plant species as endogenous regulators of innate immunity and may have potential for enhancing disease resistance in crops. C1 [Huffaker, Alisa; Dafoe, Nicole J.; Schmelz, Eric A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Huffaker, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM alisa.huffaker@ars.usda.gov OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. NR 72 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 155 IS 3 BP 1325 EP 1338 DI 10.1104/pp.110.166710 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727ZY UT WOS:000287843800023 PM 21205619 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Long, DB Massei, G AF Campbell, Tyler A. Long, David B. Massei, Giovanna TI Efficacy of the Boar-Operated-System to deliver baits to feral swine SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bait; Boar-Operated-System; BOS (TM); Feral swine; Feeder; Pharmaceutical; Sus scrofa ID PIGS SUS SCROFA; SOUTHERN TEXAS; WILD BOAR; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; VACCINE; DISEASE; PHARMACEUTICALS; QUEENSLAND; MANAGEMENT; RANGELANDS AB Feral swine (Sus scrofa) pose a significant disease threat to livestock and humans. Emerging technologies to reduce feral swine disease transmission risks include fertility control, vaccination, and toxicants. However, for these technologies to be appropriate for field application, a feral swine-specific oral delivery system is needed. We used two field trials to generate information related to appropriate field application of the Boar-Operated-System (BOS (TM)), an oral delivery system designed to provide bait access only to feral swine. Our objectives were to determine whether pre-baiting BOS (TM) units increased bait removal and to evaluate the proportion of feral swine and non-target animals that ingest baits designed to deliver pharmaceuticals through the BOS (TM). During both trials we used baits housed within 10 BOS (TM) units. We monitored wildlife visitation, bait removal, and ingestion using motion sensing digital photography and baits containing the bait marker tetracycline hydrochloride (TH). During trial 1 we found three of five pre-baited BOS (TM) units were used by feral swine only. Additionally, we found the five BOS (TM) units that were not pre-baited were not used by feral swine or non-target wildlife. During trial 2 we determined bait removal from the BOS (TM) to be reduced by only 10% for feral swine when activated, whereas bait removal from the BOS (TM) by all other wildlife was reduced by 100% when activated. We captured 81 feral swine and 23 raccoons and found 90% and 13% to have TH-marked teeth, respectively. With minor modifications, the BOS (TM) should be considered a valuable tool to be used in feral swine disease management in conjunction with existing technologies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS,Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Massei, Giovanna] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York Y041 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS,Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov; david.b.long@aphis.usda.gov; giovanna.massei@fera.gsi.gov.uk RI Massei, Giovanna/B-8781-2016 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center FX The study was funded by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center. We thank T. Blankenship, Welder Wildlife Foundation, and King Ranch Incorporated for property access. We thank J. Rattan, D. Saunders, E. Cardenas-Canales, and J. Edwardson for field assistance. We appreciate the contributions from T. Fry, S. Johnson, and R. Pleszewski for assistance with tetracycline analysis. Logistical support was provided by the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at Texas A&M University-Kingsville. The USDA does not recommend endorsement, guarantee nor warrant companies or commercial products mentioned in this study. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 4 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.11.018 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 728WJ UT WOS:000287904900003 PM 21176854 ER PT J AU Forcella, F James, T Rahman, A AF Forcella, Frank James, Trevor Rahman, Anis TI Post-emergence weed control through abrasion with an approved organic fertilizer SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE alternative; control; fertilizer; management; non-chemical; organic; weed AB Corn gluten meal (CGM) is an approved organic fertilizer and pre-emergence herbicide that can be manufactured in the form of grit. This grit was tested for its ability to abrade seedlings of the summer annual weedy grass, Setaria pumila, when plants were in the 1- to 5-leaf stages of growth. CGM was propelled at air pressures of 250-750 kPa at distances of 30-60 cm from the plants. Established seedlings of S. pumila were controlled more effectively when grit was applied at 500 and 750 kPa than at 250 kPa, as well as when the applicator's nozzle was 30 cm from the plants compared to 60 cm distance. Seedling growth and dry weights were greatly reduced by exposures to grit at 60 cm and 500 kPa for 2 s or less, and seedlings were nearly completely destroyed at 30 cm distance and 750 kPa. CGM, a soft grit, was as effective for abrading seedlings as fine quartz sand, a hard grit. CGM had little pre-emergence herbicidal effect on S. pumila. Although regrowth can occur in S. pumila after abrasion by grit, the initial grit-induced stunting is sufficient to allow competing crop plants, like maize, to escape competition and suppress the weed. Consequently, CGM may be an effective form of soft grit for post-emergence abrasion of seedlings of summer annual grass weeds in organic row crops, while simultaneously supplying the crop with fertilizer. C1 [Forcella, Frank] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [James, Trevor; Rahman, Anis] AgResearch, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM frank.forcella@ars.usda.gov FU Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development FX This research was supported through a 12-week fellowship from the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development to promote 'Sustainability in Practice' and cooperation between USDA-ARS and AgResearch. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1017/S1742170510000438 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 729GL UT WOS:000287936600005 ER PT J AU Walsh, JR Redente, EF AF Walsh, James R. Redente, Edward F. TI Comparison of Reclamation Techniques to Re-establish Western White Pine on Smelter-impacted Hillsides in Idaho SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; metal toxicity; organic amendments; Pinus monticola; reforestation ID ZINC SMELTER; REVEGETATION; SITE; AMENDMENTS; FERTILIZER; SOILS; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES; VICINITY; MONTANA AB In the spring of 1991, a study was initiated to identify techniques that could be used to reclaim steep hillsides at the Bunker Hill Superfund site with low pH soils and elevated concentrations of heavy metals near an old smelter site. Treatments included fertilizer to alleviate nutrient deficiencies, lime to raise soil pH, wood chips to increase organic matter content, and mulching to improve plant establishment and reduce erosion. Plots were planted to Pinus monticola (western white pine) seedlings alone and in combination with four species of shrubs. A mixture of eight grasses was also seeded on some plots planted to trees and shrubs to provide ground cover for erosion control. Overall, white pine survival averaged 60-80% in the best treatments after five growing seasons. The height of white pine transplants ranged between 37.1 and 69.5 cm after five years of growth across all treatments and sites which are comparable to growth rates reported elsewhere for this species. White pine survival and growth was greatest on the control, phosphorus, and lime treatments and lowest on treatments that received organic matter as an amendment primarily due to the competitive influence of herbaceous plants as opposed to any particular soil amendment. Treatments that supported high amounts of grass cover had poor white pine survival and growth, while treatments with low amounts of grass cover had high white pine survival. A combination of lime and N, P, and K fertilizer is recommended as the appropriate treatment to restore white pine in this type of environment. C1 [Walsh, James R.; Redente, Edward F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Walsh, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM J.Randall.Walsh@gmail.com FU EPA Region 10 FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Terry McLendon and Nick Cotts in test plot set-up and data collection. We also thank Trey Harbert for securing initial funding for this study, and EPA Region 10 for providing supplemental funding to complete the project. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers as well as Dr. John Koch (coordinating editor) for comments which improved an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 19 SI SI BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00750.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729TX UT WOS:000287974900001 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Sheley, RL AF Davies, Kirk W. Sheley, Roger L. TI Promoting Native Vegetation and Diversity in Exotic Annual Grass Infestations SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicide; imazapic; invasion; medusahead; prescribed burning; Taeniatherum caput-medusae; weeds ID INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; FIRE; COMMUNITIES; ESTABLISHMENT; NEEDLEGRASS; COMPETITION; AUSTRALIA; SEEDLINGS; WOODLAND AB Exotic plant invasions are especially problematic because reestablishment of native perennial vegetation is rarely successful. It may be more appropriate to treat exotic plant infestations that still have some remaining native vegetation. We evaluated this restoration strategy by measuring the effects of spring burning, fall burning, fall applied imazapic, spring burning with fall applied imazapic, and fall burning with fall applied imazapic on the exotic annual grass, medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski), and native vegetation at six sites in Oregon for 2 years post-treatment. Medusahead infestations included in this study had some residual native perennial bunchgrasses and forbs. Burning followed by imazapic application provided the best control of medusahead and resulted in the greatest increases in native perennial vegetation. However, imazapic application decreased native annual forb cover the first year post-treatment and density the first and second year post-treatment. The spring burn followed by imazapic application produced an almost 2-fold increase in plant species diversity compared to the control. The fall burn followed by imazapic application also increased diversity compared to the control. Results of this study indicate that native plants can be promoted in medusahead invasions; however, responses vary by plant functional group and treatment. Our results compared to previous research suggest that restoration of plant communities invaded by exotic annual grass may be more successful if efforts focus on areas with some residual native perennial vegetation. Thus, invasive plant infestations with some native vegetation remaining should receive priority for restoration efforts over near monocultures of invasive plant species. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Sheley, Roger L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors would like to thank the landowners who allowed this study to be conducted on their property. The authors also appreciate the long hours and hard work provided by Brett Bingham, Aleta Nafus, Dustin Johnson, Karl Hopkins, Robert Sharp, Shawna Lang, Josh Monson, Matt Coffman, Eric Hough, Julie Garner, Tate Walters, Elaine Cramer, Rachel Svejcar, and Stacy McKnight in implementing and collecting data for this project. The authors also thank Drs. Jeremy James, Dave Ganskopp, and Ed Vasquez for thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00548.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729EY UT WOS:000287932600003 ER PT J AU Grant, AS Nelson, CR Switalski, TA Rinehart, SM AF Grant, Ashley S. Nelson, Cara R. Switalski, Thomas Adam Rinehart, Susan M. TI Restoration of Native Plant Communities after Road Decommissioning in the Rocky Mountains: Effect of Seed-Mix Composition on Vegetative Establishment SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE native plant restoration; native seeding; revegetation; road obliteration; seed establishment ID NATIONAL-PARK; HILLSLOPE EROSION; FOREST ROADS; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; INVASIONS; IMPACTS; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB Road decommissioning is increasingly recognized as a critical first step in the restoration of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. However, crucial gaps in knowledge exist about the efficacy and ecological effects of road-removal practices. One particularly important issue is the effectiveness of post-road-removal revegetation practices. This study evaluated (1) the short-term effects of road decommissioning on plant community composition, (2) the effects of seed-mix origin, species diversity, and seeding density on vegetative establishment, and (3) the impact of overstory canopy cover and coarse woody debris (CWD) on revegetation success on recently decommissioned roads. One year after decommissioning, total vegetative cover (on the former roadbed) declined by 60%, with non-native plants showing the greatest magnitude of response (circa 90% decline). Although the use of non-native seed is often justified by the need for rapid vegetative establishment on disturbed sites, we did not find significant differences in percent cover of total vegetation between plots seeded with native versus non-native species. As expected, cover of native species was significantly higher in plots seeded with natives compared to those seeded with non-natives (12.3 vs. 7.8%, respectively). Furthermore, in plots seeded with native species, 43% of total vegetative cover was due to cover of seeded species; in comparison, non-native seeded species accounted for only 18% of total vegetative cover in non-native plots. Cover of seeded species was not significantly impacted by overstory canopy cover or CWD. These findings suggest that native seed mixes may outperform non-native seed mixes in terms of vegetative establishment after disturbance associated with road removal. C1 [Grant, Ashley S.; Nelson, Cara R.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Switalski, Thomas Adam] Wildlands CPR, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Rinehart, Susan M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Reg Renewable Resource Management Staff 1, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Grant, AS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM asgrant@alaska.edu FU USDA [07-CS-11015600-077FS]; Northwest Scientific Society; George E. Bright Memorial Scholarship FX We gratefully thank C. C. Cleveland, J. L. Maron, and J. Mital for their insightful comments and suggestions on study design and previous drafts of this manuscript; J. Olivarez and S. Shelly for help developing this project; A. Eramian and J. Lapp for help selecting and providing seeds; C. Benson, D. Forestieri, M. Herrin, R. Lloyd, D. Spaeth, and S. Tralles for logistical support; L. Domyancich and S. Nelson for data collection and entry; and C. Hagen for creating the map of study sites. Funds for this project were provided by the USDA Forest Service Native Plant Material Program Grant no. 07-CS-11015600-077FS, the Northwest Scientific Society, and the George E. Bright Memorial Scholarship. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 19 SI SI BP 160 EP 169 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00736.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729TX UT WOS:000287974900003 ER PT J AU Fuller, TE Pope, KL Ashton, DT Welsh, HH AF Fuller, Terra E. Pope, Karen L. Ashton, Donald T. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI Linking the Distribution of an Invasive Amphibian (Rana catesbeiana) to Habitat Conditions in a Managed River System in Northern California SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American bullfrog; bullfrog breeding habitat; dam effects; habitat models; lotic herpetofauna; Trinity River ID INTRODUCED BULLFROGS; AMERICAN BULLFROG; FLOW REGULATION; FRAGMENTATION; FLOODPLAIN; MODELS; FROGS AB Extensive modifications of river systems have left floodplains some of the most endangered ecosystems in the world and made restoration of these systems a priority. Modified river ecosystems frequently support invasive species to the detriment of native species. Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) is an invasive amphibian that thrives in modified aquatic habitats. In 2004-2005 we studied the distribution of bullfrogs along a 98-km reach of the Trinity River below the Lewiston Dam to identify habitat characteristics associated with bullfrogs and to recommend actions to reduce their prevalence in the system. We also examined native amphibian distributions relative to bullfrogs and disturbance regimes. We used regression techniques to model the distribution of bullfrogs in relation to environmental conditions. Models assessing breeding habitat outperformed models assessing bullfrog presence. Top-ranked predictor variables of bullfrog distribution included water depth, percent rooted floating vegetation, and river km. Most breeding sites of bullfrogs were relict mine tailing ponds or inactive side channels created during restoration activities in the 1990s. Native species were more common in the lower reach where habitats were less modified, in contrast to the distribution of bullfrogs that dominated the upper, more modified reach. To control bullfrogs along a managed river, we suggest reducing the suitability of breeding sites by decreasing depth or reducing hydroperiod and increasing connection with the active river channel. Current management goals of restoring salmonid habitat and returning the river to a more natural hydrologic condition should aid in control of bullfrogs and improve conditions for native amphibians. C1 [Fuller, Terra E.; Pope, Karen L.; Ashton, Donald T.; Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Expt Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Fuller, Terra E.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Fuller, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Expt Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tfuller@dfg.ca.gov FU Trinity River Restoration Program FX We are grateful to the Trinity River Restoration Program for contributing financial support and recognizing the importance of native herpetofauna and the possible implications of exotic herpetofauna on the Trinity River. We thank Clara Wheeler, Justin Garwood, Jeff Dunk, Garth Hodgson, Haiganoush Preisler, Becky Howard, David Hankin and Bill Hogoboom for contributing their expertise to the study. Matt Johnson, Mark Colwell, Darren Ryder, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on a previous version of the paper. This project was part of the senior author's Master's Thesis program at Humboldt State University. We thank the many field assistants including Sam Treu, Jared Grummer, Jamie Bettaso, Peter Day, Eric Barclay, Michelle McKenzie, Cheryl Bondi, Garth Hodgson, and Tess Hagen. Lastly, thanks to Michael Shev and Carlos Leonzo for guiding the crew safely down the rough sections of the river. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 19 SI SI BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00708.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729TX UT WOS:000287974900008 ER PT J AU Miller, SA Bartow, A Gisler, M Ward, K Young, AS Kaye, TN AF Miller, Stephanie A. Bartow, Amy Gisler, Melanie Ward, Kimiora Young, Amy S. Kaye, Thomas N. TI Can an Ecoregion Serve as a Seed Transfer Zone? Evidence from a Common Garden Study with Five Native Species SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common garden; ecoregion; restoration; seed transfer zone ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; DOUGLAS-FIR; CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; OREGON; BIODIVERSITY; INFORMATION; DELINEATION; GENECOLOGY AB Prairie restoration is often limited by the availability of appropriate local plant materials. Use of locally adapted seed is a goal in restoration, yet little information to inform seed transfer guidelines is available for native plant species. We established common gardens of five plants (Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum, Epilobium densiflorum, Potentilla gracilis var. gracilis, Lupinus polyphyllus var. polyphyllus, and Saxifraga oregana) frequently used in prairie restoration in the Pacific Northwest of North America to determine if populations differed in morphological and phenological traits and whether this variability was structured by geography, climate, or habitat. Ordination techniques were used to summarize the observed variability of multiple traits for each species. Ordination distance was significantly correlated with geographic distance in L. polyphyllus var. polyphyllus, and populations of this species differed significantly among geographic groups within an ecoregion. Little or no spatial structure was detected in the remaining species, despite correlations between ordination scores and monthly temperatures. We suggest that a single seed zone in the Willamette Valley ecoregion may be appropriate for all species examined except L. polyphyllus var. polyphyllus. Ecoregions in general may be useful boundaries for seed transfer zones, especially in regions with relatively little topographical or climatic variation. C1 [Miller, Stephanie A.; Gisler, Melanie; Ward, Kimiora; Young, Amy S.; Kaye, Thomas N.] Inst Appl Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Bartow, Amy] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Corvallis Plant Mat Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Kaye, TN (reprint author), Inst Appl Ecol, POB 2855, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM tom@appliedeco.org RI kaye, thomas/D-7859-2012 FU USDI Bureau of Land Management [HAA051T00]; USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Corvallis Plant Materials Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Oregon Office; Institute for Applied Ecology FX The success of these common garden studies was the combined effort of multiple individuals over a 5-year period. We would like to thank Institute for Applied Ecology staff Rob Fiegener and Matt Carlson and several Institute for Applied Ecology interns who assisted in seed collection, data collection, and/or trait selection including Lisa Weiss, April Lindeman, Jennifer Bailey, Anna Dennis, Denise Giles, Josh Lambert, and Ted Hart. Rachel Schwindt prepared the maps for the manuscript. We are also indebted to many staff members at the USDA-NRCS Corvallis Plant Material Center who helped with germination, planting, and keeping the garden plots weed free over the duration of these experiments. Kenton Chambers, John Mooring, and Aaron Liston assisted with trait selection for several species. Bruce McCune provided statistical advice. We thank Bitty Roy, Bart Johnson, Kay Havens, Ed Alverson, Rhian Smith, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Funding for this project was provided by USDI Bureau of Land Management under Financial Assistance Agreement No. HAA051T00, USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Corvallis Plant Materials Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Oregon Office, and Institute for Applied Ecology. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 19 SI SI BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00702.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729TX UT WOS:000287974900014 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Tarkalson, DD Lehrsch, GA AF Ippolito, James Anthony Tarkalson, David D. Lehrsch, Gary A. TI Zeolite Soil Application Method Affects Inorganic Nitrogen, Moisture, and Corn Growth SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sorption; band versus fully mixing; clinoptilolite zeolite; corn; mineralization; nitrification ID CLINOPTILOLITE ZEOLITE; CREEPING BENTGRASS; SANDY SOIL; AMMONIUM ADSORPTION; USE EFFICIENCY; AMENDMENTS; RETENTION; NITRATE AB Adoption of new management techniques that improve soil water storage and soil N plant availability yet limit N leaching may help improve environmental quality. A benchtop study was conducted to determine the influence of a single urea fertilizer rate (224 kg N ha(-1)) applied with band or fully mixed zeolite (clinoptilolite) application rates (up to 90 Mg ha(-1)) on NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N concentrations in a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic, durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid). Two additional greenhouse experiments were carried out to test the soil moisture status and corn (Zea mays L.) growth in a Wolverine sand (mixed, frigid Xeric Torripsamment). Mixing urea fertilizer into silt loam soil resulted in greater urea mineralization as compared with band application of fertilizer + zeolite, and the mixed zeolite was more effective at sorbing and protecting NH(4)-N against nitrification. Increasing the rate of mixed zeolite into sandy soil increased the soil moisture content, and mixed zeolite soils contained 1.3% more soil moisture as compared with band zeolite applications. After 6 weeks of corn growth in amended sandy soil, zeolite application at 22 Mg ha(-1) seemed to increase corn weight compared with controls. However, increasing zeolite rate up to 90 Mg ha(-1) caused a decrease in corn weight, likely caused by the elevated zeolite Na content (3%). Fully mixing zeolite into soil reduced the rate of nitrification likely because of NH(4)(+) adsorption in the zeolite mineral lattice. Thus, mixing zeolite into soil may reduce the leaching of inorganic N. Mixing may also improve the soil water status, although initial leaching of zeolite-borne Na may be necessary before growing crops. C1 [Ippolito, James Anthony; Tarkalson, David D.; Lehrsch, Gary A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov FU Zeocorp LLC [CRADA 58-3k95-8-1283] FX This study was supported by Zeocorp LLC, CRADA 58-3k95-8-1283. Mention of a specific product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U. S. Department of Agriculture or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The authors thank Ms. Mary Ann Kay and Mr. Jim Foerster for project maintenance and analyses. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 176 IS 3 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31820e4063 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 730CA UT WOS:000288006600004 ER PT J AU Moroke, TS Schwartz, RC Brown, KW Juo, ASR AF Moroke, T. S. Schwartz, R. C. Brown, K. W. Juo, A. S. R. TI Water use efficiency of dryland cowpea, sorghum and sunflower under reduced tillage SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Soil water deficit index; No tillage; Stubble mulch tillage ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; SOIL-WATER; DROUGHT ADAPTATION; YIELD COMPONENTS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; STRESS DETECTION; NO-TILLAGE; SEED YIELD; ROW CROPS; IRRIGATION AB Drought-adapted, early maturing crops combined with reduced tillage systems have the potential to stabilize and increase dryland crop yields in semiarid regions of the world. The objectives of this research were to evaluate soil water use and dryland grain yield response of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and sunflower [Annus helianthus (L)] under no tillage (NT) and stubble mulch tillage (SMT) systems. The study was carried out on a Torrertic Paleustoll in the high plains of Texas, USA from 2000 to 2001 when growing season precipitation totaled 47 and 62%, respectively, of the historical mean (317 mm). The experimental design was a split plot, with tillage as the main plot and crop type as the subplot. Soil water contents were measured weekly throughout two growing seasons, from 0.10 to 2.30 m depth at 0.20-m intervals using a neutron moisture meter. Crop water use was calculated as the change in stored soil water plus measured precipitation and assuming negligible runoff and drainage beyond 2.3 m. In 2000, after a 10-month fallow following winter wheat, soil water content at planting was 53 mm greater (P = 0.012) under NT compared with SMT. At harvest, soil water content was greater under cowpea compared with sorghum and sunflower in both tillage systems (P < 0.001). However, greater soil water content at harvest under cowpea did not always result in significantly greater plant available water content the following year compared with sorghum. Differences in water use were dominated by a crop effect (P < 0.028) largely as a result of lower water use by cowpea compared with sorghum and sunflower. Water use of sorghum and sunflower averaged 97 and 29 mm greater than that of cowpea across tillage treatments, respectively. Mean grain water use efficiency (WUE) was greatest for sorghum (1.03 kg m(-3)), followed by cowpea (0.52 kg m(-3)) and sunflower (0.32 kg m(-3)). Sorghum under NT had similar or slightly greater water use, yet consistently greater grain yields compared with SMT. This suggests that a larger fraction of evapotranspiration was diverted to transpiration under NT compared with SMT. Greater residual soil water under cowpea at harvest may increase plant available water the following year provided that the soil has a high soil water storage capacity and slow drainage rates. Tillage effect on soil water use depended on the crop and year, however only sorghum exhibited a significant yield response to increased soil water storage afforded by NT. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moroke, T. S.] Content Farm, Minist Agr, Dep Agr Res, Gaborone, Botswana. [Schwartz, R. C.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Brown, K. W.; Juo, A. S. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Moroke, TS (reprint author), Content Farm, Minist Agr, Dep Agr Res, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana. EM moroke@hotmail.com NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 112 IS 1 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.still.2010.11.008 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 725LA UT WOS:000287645000009 ER PT J AU Taha, FA Hahn, WF AF Taha, F. A. Hahn, W. F. TI Highly pathogenic avian influenza impacts on Japan's import demand for shell eggs and processed egg-products SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Avian Influenza; egg import demand system; structural change; Japan ID BSE; MEAT; CONSUMERS AB A Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) model was used to evaluate impact of the 2004 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks on Japan's import demand for shell eggs and processed egg products. Egg imports were divided into three classes; shell eggs, dried egg products, and non-dried egg products. The demand for these three products were estimated (conditional on total egg imports) and tested for structural changes caused by changes in Japan's policies toward egg imports. Analysis shows structural change in two of the three classes of egg imports; shell eggs and dried egg products, measured by changes in their estimated coefficients of own and cross-price elasticities. In the post-HPAI period, shell and dried egg products became better substitutes for each other and their demand became more own-price elastic. Results showed a rising import demand for the safer dried egg products, with a simultaneous weakening demand for non-dried egg product and shell eggs. The findings of the CBS model are in concurrence with Japan's post-HPA1 statistical data, reporting a rising import-share of dried eggs from 48% in the pre-infection 4th quarter 2003 to 62% in 4th quarter 2009, and declining shares of non-dried and shell eggs from 46% to 34% and from 6% to 3%, respectively. C1 [Taha, F. A.; Hahn, W. F.] ERS, USDA, MTED, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Taha, FA (reprint author), ERS, USDA, MTED, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ftaha@ers.usda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 67 IS 1 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1017/S0043933911000109 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 730SZ UT WOS:000288055900010 ER PT J AU Rothwell, JT Morgan, JAT James, PJ Brown, GW Guerrero, FD Jorgensen, WK AF Rothwell, J. T. Morgan, J. A. T. James, P. J. Brown, G. W. Guerrero, F. D. Jorgensen, W. K. TI Mechanism of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in buffalo flies in south-east Queensland SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE buffalo fly; cattle; ectoparasites; molecular genetics ID HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS-IRRITANS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; HORN FLY; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PERMETHRIN RESISTANCE; MEIJERE DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; EXIGUA; POPULATIONS; MUTATIONS AB Resistance to synthetic pyrethroids (SP) was first recorded in buffalo flies in Australia in 1980, associated with previous use of DDT and fenvalerate. By the 1990s, resistance was widespread. Resistance to SP in the related horn fly of the Americas is associated with kdr and super-kdr mutations in a gene encoding for a voltage-gated sodium channel. We describe 7-20-fold resistance to SP in buffalo flies from south-east Queensland, present evidence of flies that are heterozygous resistant at the kdr locus and show an increase in the frequency of the resistant allele 1 month after treatment of cattle with SP. C1 [Rothwell, J. T.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. [Morgan, J. A. T.; James, P. J.; Brown, G. W.; Jorgensen, W. K.] Queensland Dept Employment Econ Dev & Innovat, Anim Res Inst, Yeerongpilly, Qld, Australia. [Guerrero, F. D.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Rothwell, JT (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. EM j.rothwell@uq.edu.au RI Morgan, Jess/E-7188-2012; James, Peter /A-8087-2011 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 89 IS 3 BP 70 EP 72 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00685.x PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 722CN UT WOS:000287408300022 PM 21323651 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Wigley, TB Melchiors, MA Thill, RE Tappe, PA Miller, DA AF Perry, Roger W. Wigley, T. Bently Melchiors, M. Anthony Thill, Ronald E. Tappe, Philip A. Miller, Darren A. TI Width of riparian buffer and structure of adjacent plantations influence occupancy of conservation priority birds SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; Birds; Forest management; Intensive forestry; Pine plantations; SMZ; Streamside management zone ID BREEDING BIRD; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; PINE FORESTS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOODS; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; SPECIES RICHNESS; DECIDUOUS-FOREST; AVIAN DIVERSITY AB Conservation of biodiversity on forest landscapes dominated by plantations has become an increasingly important topic, and opportunities to maintain or enhance biodiversity within these forests need to be recognized and applied. Riparian buffers of mature forest retained along streams in managed forest landscapes offer an opportunity to enhance biodiversity across these landscapes. However, influence of buffer width and structure of adjacent plantations on habitat use by birds is not well understood. We modeled probability of occupancy, while accounting for variable detection probabilities, for 16 bird species of regional conservation importance in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas, USA. We examined occurrence of breeding birds in streamside management zone (SMZ) buffers embedded in three structural classes of pine plantation: young open-canopy, closed-canopy, and older thinned plantations. Our occupancy models included a positive association with SMZ width for nine bird species associated with mature forests. Models for three early successional species (prairie warbler [Dendroica discolor], white-eyed vireo [Vireo griseus], and northern bobwhite [Colinus virginianus]) included a negative association with SMZ width. Occupancy models for Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), summer tanager (Piranga rubra), pine warbler (Dendroica pinus), prairie warbler, and northern bobwhite also included structural condition of adjacent plantations, but most species did not appear affected by condition of surrounding plantations. We found diverse responses among species to width of retained SMZs and structure of adjacent plantations; some species apparently benefitted from SMZs > 100 m wide, while others benefitted from narrow buffers. Furthermore, most species traditionally associated with mature forests were common in narrow SMZs, regardless of width. Thus, optimal width of SMZs relative to avian conservation depends on the species of greatest conservation interest. C1 [Perry, Roger W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Wigley, T. Bently] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Melchiors, M. Anthony] Weyerhaeuser Co, Timberlands Technol, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. [Thill, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Tappe, Philip A.] Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. [Miller, Darren A.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Timberlands Technol, Columbus, MS 39704 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us; Wigley@clemson.edu; tony.melchiors@weyerhaeuser.com; tappe@uamont.edu; Darren.miller@weyerhaeuser.com NR 96 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 625 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s10531-010-9971-1 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723JW UT WOS:000287503800011 ER PT J AU Heierli, J Birkeland, KW Simenhois, R Gumbsch, P AF Heierli, J. Birkeland, K. W. Simenhois, R. Gumbsch, P. TI Anticrack model for skier triggering of slab avalanches SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anticrack; Fracture; Slab avalanche; Skier triggering; Snow ID WEAK SNOWPACK LAYERS; FRACTURE; FAILURE; NUCLEATION; LOAD AB Skiers caught in a slab avalanche often trigger the avalanche themselves. Preventing those accidents necessitates a better understanding of the factors contributing to the failure of the snowpack under the action of a skier. In the present work, a mathematical model based on the principles of mixed-mode anticracking is proposed for skier triggering. The respective influences of the slope-normal and slope-parallel components of the load exerted by a skier on the prospective fracture plane are taken into account. A criterion for fracture propagation under typical skier loads is derived. It manifests a small number of factors that, combined, multiply the risk of triggering an avalanche. The criterion indicates, contrary to a common perception, that fracture is not more difficult to trigger in gentle slopes than in steep slopes. This major result of the model is confirmed by data obtained from field experiments. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heierli, J.; Gumbsch, P.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IZBS Inst Reliabil Components & Syst, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Heierli, J.; Gumbsch, P.] Fraunhofer Inst Werkstoffmech IWM, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Birkeland, K. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. [Simenhois, R.] Coeur Alaska, Juneau, AK 99803 USA. RP Heierli, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IZBS Inst Reliabil Components & Syst, Kaiserstr 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM joachim.heierli@kit.edu RI Gumbsch, Peter/E-5879-2012 OI Gumbsch, Peter/0000-0001-7995-228X FU DFG [Gu367/30] FX Financial support by the DFG project Gu367/30 is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Theo Meiners and Alaska Rendezvous Guides for providing field access and logistical support for the Alaska field work and the Gallatin National Forest Avalanche Center for logistical support for the Montana field work. Field work assistance from Jessica Baker, Matt Borish, and Zach Guy was much appreciated. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.10.008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 727GY UT WOS:000287787300010 ER PT J AU Yuill, BT Nichols, MH AF Yuill, Brendan T. Nichols, Mary H. TI Patterns of grain-size dependent sediment transport in low-ordered, ephemeral channels SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; ephemeral flow, wash load, suspended sediment; semi-arid ID BED MATERIAL TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; FLASH FLOODS; TRANSMISSION LOSSES; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; RIVER; FLOW; DELIVERY; DESERT; ENTRAINMENT AB Sediment data were analyzed to determine grain-size dependant factors affecting sediment transport in a low-ordered, ephemeral watershed. Sediment and flow samples were collected during 22 flow events at the outlet of a 4.53 ha sub-watershed within the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in south-eastern Arizona. Measured concentrations ranged from 4191 to 115 045 mg l(-1) and included grain sizes up to 8.0 mm in diameter. Two grain-size dependent transport patterns were observed, that of the finer grain-size fraction (approximately < 0.25 mm) and that of a coarser grain-size fraction (approximately >= 0.25 mm). The concentration of the fine fraction decreased with flow duration, peaking near the beginning of a flow event and declining thereafter. The concentration of the fine fraction showed slight trends with season and recovery period. The concentration of the coarse fraction displayed a slight negative trend with instantaneous discharge and was not correlated with event duration. These patterns typically produced a condition where the majority of the fine fraction of the sediment yield was evacuated out of the watershed before the hydrograph peak while the majority of the coarser sediment was evacuated during the falling limb of the hydrograph. Each grain-size dependent transport pattern was likely influenced by the source of the associated sediment. At the flow event time scale, the fines were primarily wash load, supplied from the hillslopes and the coarser grains were entrained from the channel bed. Because transport patterns differ based on grain size, attempts to define the total sediment concentration and sediment yield by the behavior of a single grain-size fraction may lead to erroneous results, especially when a large range of sediment grain sizes are present. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Yuill, Brendan T.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Studies, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Nichols, Mary H.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Yuill, BT (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Studies, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM byuill@uno.edu NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 334 EP 346 DI 10.1002/esp.2041 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 725TV UT WOS:000287669900005 ER PT J AU Park, SH Hanning, I Jarquin, R Moore, P Donoghue, DJ Donoghue, AM Ricke, SC AF Park, Si Hong Hanning, Irene Jarquin, Robin Moore, Philip Donoghue, Dan J. Donoghue, Ann M. Ricke, Steven C. TI Multiplex PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella serotypes in water samples SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter spp; E; coli O157:H7; Salmonella spp; multiplex PCR; real-time PCR; watershed ID REAL-TIME PCR; RAPID DETECTION; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; O157-H7; JEJUNI; INHIBITION; PATHOGENS; EXPOSURE; BACTERIA AB Three pathogens, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli, are leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and worldwide. Although these three bacteria are typically considered food-borne pathogens, outbreaks have been reported due to contaminated drinking water and irrigation water. The aim of this research was to develop two types of PCR assays that could detect and quantify three pathogens, Campylobacter spp., E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp., in watershed samples. In conventional PCR, three target strains were detected by multiplex PCR (m-PCR) using each specific primer pair simultaneously. Under optimized m-PCR conditions, the assay produced a 90-bp product for Campylobacter jejuni, a 150-bp product for E. coli O157:H7, and a 262-bp product for Salmonella Typhimurium, and the limitation of detection was approximately 700 copies for all three bacteria. In addition, real-time PCR was performed to quantify the three pathogens using SYBR green fluorescence. The assay was designed so that each target had a different melting temperature [C. jejuni (80.1 degrees C), E. coli O157:H7 (83.3 degrees C), and S. Typhimurium (85.9 degrees C)]. Therefore, this system could quantify and distinguish three pathogens simultaneously in a single reaction. C1 [Park, Si Hong; Hanning, Irene; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Park, Si Hong; Hanning, Irene; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety IFSE, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Park, Si Hong; Donoghue, Dan J.; Donoghue, Ann M.; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Jarquin, Robin; Donoghue, Dan J.; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Moore, Philip; Donoghue, Ann M.] ARS, Poultry Prod & Poultry Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu FU USDA National Research Initiative (NRI) [6226-63000-001-16] FX This research was funded by a USDA National Research Initiative (NRI) grant #6226-63000-001-16 awarded to P.M., A.M.D., D.J.D., S.C.R., and Andrew Sharpley. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 316 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02188.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 714VG UT WOS:000286836500002 PM 21204924 ER PT J AU Rose, D Inglett, G AF Rose, Devin J. Inglett, George E. TI A Method for the Determination of Soluble Arabinoxylan Released from Insoluble Substrates by Xylanases SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bread; Enzyme; Pentosan; Wheat; Arabinoxylan ID WATER-UNEXTRACTABLE ARABINOXYLANS; WHEAT BRAN; DEGRADING ENZYMES; RELATIVE ACTIVITY; DIETARY FIBER; POLYSACCHARIDES; ENDOXYLANASES; DEGRADATION; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; FUNCTIONALITY AB The propensity for xylanase to convert insoluble to soluble arabinoxylan is an important parameter in many applications. Current methods for determining xylanase activity on insoluble substrates are nonspecific or utilize artificial substrates which may provide much different results from native substrates. Therefore, a new method for the determination of xylanase activity on insoluble substrates was developed. This method involved incubation of the enzyme with a material containing insoluble arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan released by the enzyme was quantified as total pentose sugars colorimetrically by reaction with phloroglucinol upon heating in acetic-hydrochloric acid. Absorbance was determined at 552 nm, and interfering hexoses were accounted for by subtracting the absorbance at 510 nm. Because the method measured total pentose sugars released by the enzyme, (arabino)xylanase activity, rather than xylanase activity, was recommended for expressing results. The method was tested using two xylanases and six insoluble arabinoxylan-containing substrates. Sodium acetate and sodium citrate buffers (50 mM) were suitable for the reaction; sodium phosphate buffer substantially interfered with quantification of reaction products by reducing color development. The enzymic release of soluble arabinoxylan was linear for at least 5 min under all reaction conditions tested. Contaminating amylase and cellulase activity did not influence the results, despite the presence of starch and cellulose in many substrate sources. Relative standard deviations were < 5% between reactions assayed on different days. Activity on substrates from different botanical origin differed by up to 100-fold, emphasizing the need for the use of application-specific substrates to obtain accurate estimations of enzyme activity. C1 [Rose, Devin J.; Inglett, George E.] USDA, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61615 USA. RP Inglett, G (reprint author), USDA, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61615 USA. EM George.Inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-9751 J9 FOOD ANAL METHOD JI Food Anal. Meth. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s12161-009-9121-0 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 721BR UT WOS:000287326900010 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Lysy, AM Matsumoto, TK AF Hollingsworth, Robert G. Lysy, Andrea M. Matsumoto, Tracie K. TI Preliminary study of genetic variation in Hawaiian isolates of Beauveria bassiana [Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae] SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Entomopathogens; Hawaii; GHA strain ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; STRAINS; FUNGI AB There have been no previous surveys documenting genetic diversity in Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in Hawaii. We used PCR primers and DNA sequencing to genetically characterize 14 isolates of B. bassiana collected from insects in east Hawaii island (the largest Hawaiian island, known as the 'Big Island') and compared these with the 'GHA strain found in the commercial product BotaniGard (R). Twelve of the 14 Hawaiian isolates were unique and the GHA strain was not among those isolated from the wild. Our data provides evidence that genetic diversity of B. bassiana in Hawaii is high over small spatial scales. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hollingsworth, Robert G.; Lysy, Andrea M.; Matsumoto, Tracie K.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM robert.hollingsworth@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 BP 422 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.12.008 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 724JB UT WOS:000287570800012 PM 21167170 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI Effects of Typheramide and Alfrutamide Found in Allium Species on Cyclooxygenases and Lipoxygenases SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Article DE alfrutamide; Allium fistulosum (green onion); Allium sativum (garlic); cyclooxygenase inhibition; lipoxygenase; typheramide ID ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; 15-LIPOXYGENASE; 5-LIPOXYGENASE; RETICULOCYTE; EICOSANOIDS; INHIBITION; LEUKOCYTE; THERAPY AB Typheramide (N-caffeoyltyramine) and alfrutamide (N-feruloyltyramine) are phenylpropenoic acid amides found in plants. In this article, typheramide and alfrutamide were isolated from Allium sativum (garlic) and Allium fistulosum (green onion), their chemical structures were confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods, and the potential effects on cyclooxygenases (COXs) (COX 1 and 2) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) (5- and 15-LOX) were investigated. Typheramide and alfrutamide inhibited COX 1 by 74% (P < .01) and 60% (P < .01), respectively, at the concentration of 0.1 mu M; at the same concentration, they also inhibited COX 2 by 68% (P < .02) and 54% (P < .02), respectively. Typheramide was slightly stronger than alfrutamide in inhibiting COX enzymes, and the inhibition patterns of COX 1 and 2 were uncompetitive with K(i) = 0.032 and 0.047 mu M, respectively. However, typheramide and alfrutamide were not able to inhibit 5-LOX, and they only moderately inhibited 15-LOX by 27% (P < .02) and 17% (P < .02), respectively, at the relatively high concentration of 25 mM. Altogether, the data suggest that typheramide and alfrutamide from garlic and green onions are likely to be significant inhibitors for COX 1 and 2 rather than 5- and 12-LOX. C1 ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 307C,Room 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM parkj@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1089/jmf.2010.198 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 723OI UT WOS:000287516200006 PM 21332401 ER PT J AU Mitreva, M Jasmer, DP Zarlenga, DS Wang, ZY Abubucker, S Martin, J Taylor, CM Yin, Y Fulton, L Minx, P Yang, SP Warren, WC Fulton, RS Bhonagiri, V Zhang, X Hallsworth-Pepin, K Clifton, SW McCarter, JP Appleton, J Mardis, ER Wilson, RK AF Mitreva, Makedonka Jasmer, Douglas P. Zarlenga, Dante S. Wang, Zhengyuan Abubucker, Sahar Martin, John Taylor, Christina M. Yin, Yong Fulton, Lucinda Minx, Pat Yang, Shiaw-Pyng Warren, Wesley C. Fulton, Robert S. Bhonagiri, Veena Zhang, Xu Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym Clifton, Sandra W. McCarter, James P. Appleton, Judith Mardis, Elaine R. Wilson, Richard K. TI The draft genome of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE PREDICTION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; MODEL; LIFE; DIVERSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIATION AB Genome evolution studies for the phylum Nematoda have been limited by focusing on comparisons involving Caenorhabditis elegans. We report a draft genome sequence of Trichinella spiralis, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, which is the most common cause of human trichinellosis. This parasitic nematode is an extant member of a clade that diverged early in the evolution of the phylum, enabling identification of archetypical genes and molecular signatures exclusive to nematodes. We sequenced the 64-Mb nuclear genome, which is estimated to contain 15,808 protein-coding genes, at similar to 35-fold coverage using whole-genome shotgun and hierarchal map-assisted sequencing. Comparative genome analyses support intrachromosomal rearrangements across the phylum, disproportionate numbers of protein family deaths over births in parasitic compared to a non-parasitic nematode and a preponderance of gene-loss and -gain events in nematodes relative to Drosophila melanogaster. This genome sequence and the identified pan-phylum characteristics will contribute to genome evolution studies of Nematoda as well as strategies to combat global parasites of humans, food animals and crops. C1 [Mitreva, Makedonka; Wang, Zhengyuan; Abubucker, Sahar; Martin, John; Taylor, Christina M.; Yin, Yong; Fulton, Lucinda; Minx, Pat; Yang, Shiaw-Pyng; Warren, Wesley C.; Fulton, Robert S.; Bhonagiri, Veena; Zhang, Xu; Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym; Clifton, Sandra W.; Mardis, Elaine R.; Wilson, Richard K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Mitreva, Makedonka; Fulton, Lucinda; Warren, Wesley C.; Fulton, Robert S.; Clifton, Sandra W.; McCarter, James P.; Mardis, Elaine R.; Wilson, Richard K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Jasmer, Douglas P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Zarlenga, Dante S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McCarter, James P.] Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO USA. [Appleton, Judith] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wilson, RK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM mmitreva@genome.wustl.edu; rwilson@genome.wustl.edu FU National Human Genome Research Institute [HG003079]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [81803, 14490] FX We thank A. Cutter and members of the Genome Center for discussion and helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a National Human Genome Research Institute grant to R. K. W. (HG003079) and a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant to M. M. (81803) and J.A. (14490). NR 64 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 228 EP U74 DI 10.1038/ng.769 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726BR UT WOS:000287693800013 PM 21336279 ER PT J AU Malin, DH Lee, DR Goyarzu, P Chang, YH Ennis, LJ Beckett, E Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Malin, David H. Lee, David R. Goyarzu, Pilar Chang, Yu-Hsuan Ennis, Lalanya J. Beckett, Elizabeth Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. TI Short-term blueberry-enriched diet prevents and reverses object recognition memory loss in aging rats SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Blueberry; Antioxidant; Object memory; Aging; Rat ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; BRAIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; DECLINE; DISEASE; DAMAGE AB Objective: Previously, 4 mo of a blueberry-enriched (BB) antioxidant diet prevented impaired object recognition memory in aging rats. Experiment 1 determined whether 1- and 2-mo BB diets would have a similar effect and whether the benefits would disappear promptly after terminating the diets. Experiment 2 determined whether a 1-mo BB diet could subsequently reverse existing object memory impairment in aging rats. Methods: In experiment 1, Fischer-344 rats were maintained on an appropriate control diet or on 1 or 2 mo of the BB diet before testing object memory at 19 mo postnatally. In experiment 2, rats were tested for object recognition memory at 19 mo and again at 20 mo after 1 mo of maintenance on a 2% BB or control diet. Results: In experiment1, the control group performed no better than Chance, whereas the 1- and 2-mo BB diet groups performed similarly and significantly better than controls. The 2-mo BB-diet group, but not the 1-mo group, maintained its performance over a subsequent month on a standard laboratory diet. In experiment 2, the 19-mo-old rats performed near chance. At 20 mo of age, the rats subsequently maintained on the BB diet significantly increased their object memory scores, whereas the control diet group exhibited a non-significant decline. The change in object memory scores differed significantly between the two diet groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that a considerable degree of age-related object memory decline can be prevented and reversed by brief maintenance on BB diets. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Malin, David H.; Lee, David R.; Goyarzu, Pilar; Chang, Yu-Hsuan; Ennis, Lalanya J.; Beckett, Elizabeth] Univ Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Malin, DH (reprint author), Univ Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM malin@uhcl.edu FU University of Houston-Clear Lake Faculty FX This work was supported by the University of Houston-Clear Lake Faculty Research Support Fund. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 338 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.001 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 725ZF UT WOS:000287684700014 PM 21168307 ER PT J AU Uselman, SM Snyder, KA Blank, RR AF Uselman, Shauna M. Snyder, Keirith A. Blank, Robert R. TI Insect biological control accelerates leaf litter decomposition and alters short-term nutrient dynamics in a Tamarix-invaded riparian ecosystem SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; HERBIVORY; PLANT; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; TREES; RETRANSLOCATION; CHRYSOMELIDAE; TAMARICACEAE AB Insect herbivory can strongly influence ecosystem nutrient dynamics, yet the indirect effects of herbivore-altered litter quality on subsequent decomposition remain poorly understood. The northern tamarisk beetle Diorhabda carinulata was released across several western states as a biological control agent to reduce the extent of the invasive tree Tamarix spp. in highly-valued riparian ecosystems; however, very little is currently known about the effects of this biocontrol effort on ecosystem nutrient cycling. In this study, we examined alterations to nutrient dynamics resulting from beetle herbivory in a Tamarix-invaded riparian ecosystem in the Great Basin Desert in northern Nevada, USA, by measuring changes in litter quality and decomposition, as well as changes in litter quantity. Generally, herbivory resulted in improved leaf litter chemical quality, including significantly increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and decreased carbon (C) to nitrogen (C:N), C:P, N:P, and lignin:N ratios. Beetle-affected litter decomposed 23% faster than control litter, and released 16% more N and 60% more P during six months of decomposition, as compared to control litter. Both litter types showed a net release of N and P during decomposition. In addition, herbivory resulted in significant increases in annual rates of total aboveground litter and leaf litter production of 82% and 71%, respectively, under the Tamarix canopy. Our finding that increased rates of N and P release linked with an increased rate of mass loss during decomposition resulting from herbivore-induced increases in litter quality provides new support to the nutrient acceleration hypothesis. Moreover, results of this study demonstrate that the introduction of the northern tamarisk beetle as biological control to a Tamarix-invaded riparian ecosystem has lead to short-term stimulation of nutrient cycling. Alterations to nutrient dynamics could have implications for future plant community composition, and thus the potential for restoration of Tamarix-invaded ecosystems. C1 [Uselman, Shauna M.; Snyder, Keirith A.; Blank, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Uselman, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM shauna.uselman@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAR PY 2011 VL 120 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18519.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723UA UT WOS:000287531500011 ER PT J AU Weisz, R Cowger, C Ambrose, G Gardner, A AF Weisz, Randy Cowger, Christina Ambrose, Gaylon Gardner, Andrew TI Multiple Mid-Atlantic Field Experiments Show No Economic Benefit to Fungicide Application When Fungal Disease Is Absent in Winter Wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STROBILURIN FUNGICIDES; KRESOXIM-METHYL; AZOXYSTROBIN; CULTIVARS; YIELD AB Weisz, R., Cowger, C., Ambrose, G., and Gardner, A. 2011. Multiple mid-Atlantic field experiments show no economic benefit to fungicide application when fungal disease is absent in winter wheat. Phytopathology 101:323-333. Strobilurin fungicides produce intensified greening and delayed senescence in plants, and have been claimed to enhance yields of field crops in the absence of disease. To help evaluate this claim, available publicly sponsored tests of fungicides on soft red winter wheat in Virginia and North Carolina (n = 42) were analyzed for the period 1994 to 2010. All tests were replicated and had a randomized complete block, split-plot, or split-block design. Each test included 1 to 32 cultivars and one to five fungicides (two strobilurins, one triazole, and two strobilurin-triazole mixtures). There was a total of 311 test-cultivar-fungicide treatment comparisons, where a comparison was the reported yield difference between sprayed and unsprayed treatments of a given cultivar in a given test. Parameters used to calculate the economic benefit or loss associated with fungicide application included a grain price range of $73.49 to 257.21 Mg(-1) ($2 to 7 bu(-1)), a total fungicide application cost of $24.71 to 74.13 ha(-1) ($10 to 30 acre(-1)), and a 0.14 to 0.21 Mg ha(-1) (2.3 to 3.4 bu acre(-1)) loss in yield from driving over wheat during application (with a sprayer 27.4 or 18.3 m [90 or 60 feet] wide, respectively). The yield increase needed to pay for a fungicide application at each combination of cost and price was calculated, and the cumulative probability function for the fungicide yield-response data was modeled. The model was used to predict the probability of achieving a break-even yield, and the probabilities were graphed against each cost price combination. Tests were categorized as "no-disease" or "diseased" based on reports of the researchers rating the tests. Subsets of the data were analyzed to assess the profitability of the triazole fungicide and the strobilurin-containing fungicides separately in no-disease versus diseased experiments. From the results, it was concluded that, with routine fungicide application based solely on wheat growth stage, total fungicide application costs had to be <$24.71 ha(-1) ($10 acre(-1)) in order to average a >= 50% probability of breaking even or making a profit (compared with not spraying). By contrast, if fungicides were applied when fungal disease was present, total application costs of <=$47 ha(-1) ($19 acre(-1)) for strobilurins and <=$72 ha(-1) ($29 acre(-1)) for propiconazole alone were associated with a >= 50% probability of breaking even or making a profit at a wheat price of $184 Mg(-1). The results do not support the application of strobilurin or triazole fungicides to mid-Atlantic wheat crops for "plant health" in the absence of disease. Rather, they support basing the decision to apply fungicide on observation of disease, if an economic return for the input is desired. C1 [Weisz, Randy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cowger, Christina] ARS, USDA, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC USA. [Ambrose, Gaylon; Gardner, Andrew] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Weisz, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM randy_weisz@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-10-0096 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 726ZW UT WOS:000287768000003 PM 21062111 ER PT J AU Gremillion, SK Culbreath, AK Gorbet, DW Mullinix, BG Pittman, RN Stevenson, KL Todd, JW Escobar, RE Condori, MM AF Gremillion, S. K. Culbreath, A. K. Gorbet, D. W. Mullinix, B. G., Jr. Pittman, R. N. Stevenson, K. L. Todd, J. W. Escobar, R. E. Condori, M. M. TI Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WILD ARACHIS; REGISTRATION; COMPONENTS; GROUNDNUT; GEORGIA AB Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production. C1 [Gremillion, S. K.] Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. [Culbreath, A. K.; Stevenson, K. L.] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Gorbet, D. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. [Mullinix, B. G., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Lubbock, TX 79424 USA. [Pittman, R. N.] Univ Georgia, USDA, ARS, Agr Expt Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Todd, J. W.] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Escobar, R. E.; Condori, M. M.] Asociac Productores Oleaginosas & Trigo, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. RP Gremillion, SK (reprint author), Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. EM Sara.Gremillion@armstrong.edu FU National Peanut Board FX Support for this research was funded in part by the National Peanut Board and conducted as part of the USAID Peanut Collaborative Research and Support Program (Project UFL-16). We thank E. Cantonwine, S. Danforth, M. Heath, W. Jones, A. McKeown, S. McKeown, K. Parish, and K. Welch. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0454 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900005 ER PT J AU Babiker, EM Hulbert, SH Schroeder, KL Paulitz, TC AF Babiker, E. M. Hulbert, S. H. Schroeder, K. L. Paulitz, T. C. TI Optimum Timing of Preplant Applications of Glyphosate to Manage Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DIRECT-DRILLED WHEAT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOLANI AG-8; SOIL; DISEASE; ORYZAE; GROWTH; HERBICIDES; QUANTIFICATION; CULTIVARS AB Rhizoctonia root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae, is considered one of the main deterrents for farmers to adopt reduced-tillage systems in the Pacific Northwest. Because of the wide host range of Rhizoctonia spp., herbicide application before planting to control weeds and volunteer plants is the main management strategy for this disease. To determine the effect of timing of glyphosate applications on the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot of barley, field experiments were conducted in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in a field naturally infested with a high level of both R. solani and R. oryzae. Crop volunteer plants and weeds were allowed to grow over the winter and plots were sprayed with glyphosate at 42, 28, 14, 7, and 2 days prior to planting. As the herbicide application interval increased, there were significant increases in shoot length, length of the first true leaf, and number of healthy seminal roots and a decrease in disease severity. Yield and the number of seminal roots did not show a response to herbicide application interval in most years. The activity of R. solani, as measured by toothpick bioassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, declined over time in all treatments after planting barley. The herbicide application interval required to meet 80 and 90% of the maximum response (asymptote) for all plant and disease measurements ranged from 11 to 27 days and 13 to 37 days, respectively. These times are the minimum herbicide application intervals required to reduce disease severity in the following crop. C1 [Schroeder, K. L.; Paulitz, T. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Babiker, E. M.; Hulbert, S. H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 FU Washington Grain Commission FX We thank R. Sloot and C. Watt for technical assistance. This research was supported by a grant from the Washington Grain Commission. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-10-0354 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900011 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Martin, FN Larsen, MM Sullivan, CM Press, CM Coffey, MD Hansen, EM Parke, JL AF Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Martin, Frank N. Larsen, Meredith M. Sullivan, Christopher M. Press, Caroline M. Coffey, Michael D. Hansen, Everett M. Parke, Jennifer L. TI Phytophthora-ID.org: A Sequence-Based Phytophthora Identification Tool SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; RAMORUM; PATHOGEN; DATABASE; PLANT; BLIGHT; GENE; CALIFORNIA AB Contemporary species identification relies strongly on sequence-based identification, yet resources for identification of many fungal and oomycete pathogens are rare. We developed two web-based, searchable databases for rapid identification of Phytophthora spp. based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) or the cytochrome oxidase (cox) I and 2 spacer region, followed by BLAST searching the databases. Both databases are highly selective. For ITS, only sequences associated with published Phytophthora spp. descriptions or classic Phytophthora phylogenetics references are included. For the cox spacer region, only data obtained by resequencing select isolates reported in published work were included. Novel taxa tentatively named are selectively included in the database and labeled as Phytophthora taxon "X"; as in, for example, P. taxon "asparagi". The database was validated with 700 Phytophthora isolates collected from nursery environments during 2006 to 2009. This resource, found at www.Phytophthora-ID.org, is a robust and validated tool for molecular identification of Phytophthora spp. and is regularly being updated. C1 [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.; Larsen, Meredith M.; Press, Caroline M.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Martin, Frank N.] ARS, Crop Improvement Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. [Sullivan, Christopher M.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Coffey, Michael D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Parke, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM grunwaln@science.oregonstate.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Parke, Jennifer/H-8464-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; FU USDA-ARS [5358-22000-034-00D]; USDA-ARS Floriculture Nursery Initiative; U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA-NRI [2005-35605-15393] FX This work was supported in part by funds from USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5358-22000-034-00D, the USDA-ARS Floriculture Nursery Initiative, and the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. Sequencing of the cox spacer regions was supported by funds from the USDA-NRI Plant Biosecurity program, award 2005-35605-15393. We thank D. Gent and T. Peever for helpful comments and the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing at Oregon State University for housing the server currently hosting PhytophthoraID. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-10-0609 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900016 ER PT J AU Saumtally, AS Viremouneix, TR Ahondokpe, B Girard, JCR Castlebury, LA Dixon, L Glynn, NC Comstock, JC AF Saumtally, A. S. Viremouneix, T. R. Ahondokpe, B. Girard, J-C. R. Castlebury, L. A. Dixon, L. Glynn, N. C. Comstock, J. C. TI First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccinia kuehnii in Ivory Coast and Cameroon SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Saumtally, A. S.] Mauritius Sugar Ind Res Inst, Reduit, Mauritius. [Viremouneix, T. R.] SOMDIAA, F-75001 Paris, France. [Ahondokpe, B.] SOSUCAM, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Girard, J-C. R.] CIRAD, UMR BGPI, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Castlebury, L. A.; Dixon, L.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Glynn, N. C.; Comstock, J. C.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Saumtally, AS (reprint author), Mauritius Sugar Ind Res Inst, Moka Rd, Reduit, Mauritius. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 357 EP 357 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-10-0690 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900031 ER PT J AU Yun, HY Kim, YH James, TY AF Yun, H. Y. Kim, Y. H. James, T. Y. TI First Report of False Rust Caused by Synchytrium minutum on Kudzu in Korea SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Yun, H. Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Y. H.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [James, T. Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Yun, HY (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 358 EP 358 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-10-0697 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900032 ER PT J AU Nishijima, KA Wall, MM Chang, LC Wei, Y Wong, DKW AF Nishijima, K. A. Wall, M. M. Chang, L. C. Wei, Y. Wong, D. K. W. TI First Report of Association of Mucor circinelloides on Noni (Morinda citrifolia) in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Nishijima, K. A.; Wall, M. M.] ARS, USDA, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Chang, L. C.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Wei, Y.] Clemson Univ, Inst Biomed, Greenville, SC 29605 USA. [Wong, D. K. W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Alternat & Complementary Med, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Nishijima, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 360 EP 360 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0815 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900038 ER PT J AU Webster, CG Kousik, CS Roberts, PD Rosskopf, EN Turechek, WW Adkins, S AF Webster, C. G. Kousik, C. S. Roberts, P. D. Rosskopf, E. N. Turechek, W. W. Adkins, S. TI Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus Detected in Pigweed in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Webster, C. G.; Rosskopf, E. N.; Turechek, W. W.; Adkins, S.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Kousik, C. S.] ARS, USDA, USVL, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Roberts, P. D.] Univ Florida, SWFREC, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Webster, CG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 360 EP 360 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0813 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900037 ER PT J AU Yang, YZ Singer, SD Liu, ZR AF Yang, Yazhou Singer, Stacy D. Liu, Zongrang TI Petunia AGAMOUS Enhancer-Derived Chimeric Promoters Specify a Carpel-, Stamen-, and Petal-Specific Expression Pattern Sufficient for Engineering Male and Female Sterility in Tobacco SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Petunia; AGAMOUS/pMADS3; Enhancer; Transgenic plants; Sterility; Gene containment ID FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE; ANTHER-SPECIFIC GENE; MADS-BOX GENES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; 2ND INTRON; NEGATIVE REGULATION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; MERISTEM IDENTITY; ARABIDOPSIS; ABLATION AB Previous studies have shown that the AtAGIP promoter derived from the Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) second intron/enhancer specifies a carpel- and stamen-specific expression in its native host species, but not in heterologous species such as tobacco, which restricts its application in the engineering of male and female sterility. These findings also imply that the AG regulatory mechanism that has evolved in Arabidopsis may, to some extent, have diverged from that of tobacco. To test whether a similar chimeric promoter created using the AG second intron/enhancer can overcome this barrier of evolutionary divergence in closely related species, we generated forward- and reverse-oriented chimeric promoters, fPtAGIP and rPtAGIP, from the petunia AG second intron/enhancer (PtAGI) fragment and tested them in tobacco, which, like petunia, belongs to the Solanaceae family. Our results demonstrate that both fPtAGIP and rPtAGIP confer similar carpel- and stamen-specific expression without any leaky activity in vegetative tissues in tobacco as revealed by tissue-specific gene expression and tissue ablation. This pattern resembles that driven by the AtAGIP in Arabidopsis and indicates that the AG regulatory mechanism is more conserved between tobacco and petunia than between tobacco and Arabidopsis. The petunia-derived promoters also exhibited petal-specific activity, and their activities in floral organs were substantially influenced by the orientation of the PtAGI enhancer, with reverse-oriented enhancers displaying approximately double the effectiveness of forward-oriented enhancers. These two properties are novel and have not been observed previously with AtAGIP promoters. Furthermore, we found that PtAGIP promoter-driven tissue ablation is effective for engineering complete sterility in plants, and the resulting sterile trait is stable for at least three mitotic generations at various temperature regimes, which is important for the complete containment of seed-, pollen-, and fruit-mediated gene flow in field conditions. C1 [Yang, Yazhou; Singer, Stacy D.; Liu, Zongrang] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Yang, Yazhou] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-03701] FX We thank Mr. Dennis Bennett for his excellent technical assistance. This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Headquarter 2007 classes of postdoctoral grants and a USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research grant (2006-03701). NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s11105-010-0215-z PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 712NX UT WOS:000286674600017 ER PT J AU Holt, PS AF Holt, P. S. TI Housing and egg safety review ignores best available science on Salmonella risk Reply SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CONTAMINATION; ENTERITIDIS; FLOCK C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Pete.Holt@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 90 IS 3 BP 532 EP 533 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01370 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 727EC UT WOS:000287779400002 ER PT J AU Laugero, KD Smilowitz, JT German, JB Jarcho, MR Mendoza, SP Bales, KL AF Laugero, K. D. Smilowitz, J. T. German, J. B. Jarcho, M. R. Mendoza, S. P. Bales, K. L. TI Plasma omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and monounsaturated fatty acids are altered by chronic social stress and predict endocrine responses to acute stress in titi monkeys SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article DE Chronic stress; Monkey; Fatty acid metabolism; Cortisol; Insulin; Adiponectin metabolomics ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; STEAROYL-COENZYME AB Disturbances in fatty acid (FA) metabolism may link chronic psychological stress, endocrine responsiveness, and psychopathology. Therefore, lipid metabolome-wide responses and their relationships with endocrine (cortisol, insulin, and adiponectin) responsiveness to acute stress (AS) were assessed in a primate model of chronic social stress (CS). Compared to controls (not exposed to CS), CS increased (P <= 0.05) circulating triacylglycerol (TG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) n-6/n-3 and reduced (P <= 0.05) cholesterol ester (CE) 16:1n7 and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 18:1n7, suggesting lower omega-3 FA status and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, respectively. Cortisol responses to AS positively correlated with TG n-6/n-3 (r=0.93: P=0.007), but only in CS monkeys. The adiponectin response to AS inversely correlated with CE n-6/n3 (r=-0.89; P=0.045) and positively with TG 16:1n7 (r=0.98; P=0.004), only in CS monkeys. Our results are consistent with previously reported FA profiles in stress-related psychopathology and suggest that compositional changes of specific lipid FAs may form new functional markers of chronic psychological stress. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laugero, K. D.] ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Laugero, K. D.] UC Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smilowitz, J. T.; German, J. B.] UC Davis, Foods Hlth Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smilowitz, J. T.; German, J. B.] UC Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jarcho, M. R.; Bales, K. L.] UC Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mendoza, S. P.; Bales, K. L.] UC Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Brain Mind & Behav Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Laugero, KD (reprint author), ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kevin.laugero@ars.usda.gov FU NIH [RR00169]; Good Nature Institute FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Peter Havel and James Graham of UC Davis in the adiponectin assay work, Lisa Laughlin (California National Primate Research Center Endocrine Core Lab) in performing the cortisol assays, and Shelly DeCant (Western Human Nutrition Research Center) in conducting the insulin assays. The study was funded by grants from the NIH (RR00169) and Good Nature Institute. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.12.003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 727EJ UT WOS:000287780100001 PM 21211954 ER PT J AU Mago, R Brown-Guedira, G Dreisigacker, S Breen, J Jin, Y Singh, R Appels, R Lagudah, ES Ellis, J Spielmeyer, W AF Mago, R. Brown-Guedira, G. Dreisigacker, S. Breen, J. Jin, Y. Singh, R. Appels, R. Lagudah, E. S. Ellis, J. Spielmeyer, W. TI An accurate DNA marker assay for stem rust resistance gene Sr2 in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS AB The stem rust resistance gene Sr2 has provided broad-spectrum protection against stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici) since its wide spread deployment in wheat from the 1940s. Because Sr2 confers partial resistance which is difficult to select under field conditions, a DNA marker is desirable that accurately predicts Sr2 in diverse wheat germplasm. Using DNA sequence derived from the vicinity of the Sr2 locus, we developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker that is associated with the presence or absence of the gene in 115 of 122 (95%) diverse wheat lines. The marker genotype predicted the absence of the gene in 100% of lines which were considered to lack Sr2. Discrepancies were observed in lines that were predicted to carry Sr2 but failed to show the CAPS marker. Given the high level of accuracy observed, the marker provides breeders with a selection tool for one of the most important disease resistance genes of wheat. C1 [Mago, R.; Lagudah, E. S.; Ellis, J.; Spielmeyer, W.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Breen, J.; Appels, R.] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. [Dreisigacker, S.; Singh, R.] CIMMYT Apdo, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Brown-Guedira, G.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Genotyping Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jin, Y.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Spielmeyer, W (reprint author), CSIRO Plant Ind, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM wolfgang.spielmeyer@csiro.au RI Ellis, Jeffrey/A-1999-2010; Mago, Rohit/D-3927-2009 FU Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) in Australia FX We acknowledge the excellent technical assistance provided by Xiaodi Xia and thank Dr Harbans Bariana and Dr Bob McIntosh for comments and advice. We acknowledge financial support from the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) in Australia. NR 15 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 122 IS 4 BP 735 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1482-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 719XK UT WOS:000287244600007 PM 21060985 ER PT J AU Zalapa, JE Price, DL Kaeppler, SM Tobias, CM Okada, M Casler, MD AF Zalapa, J. E. Price, D. L. Kaeppler, S. M. Tobias, C. M. Okada, M. Casler, M. D. TI Hierarchical classification of switchgrass genotypes using SSR and chloroplast sequences: ecotypes, ploidies, gene pools, and cultivars SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; NONCODING REGIONS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; MARKERS; ADAPTATION; HETEROSIS AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important crop for bioenergy feedstock development. Switchgrass has two main ecotypes: the lowland ecotype being exclusively tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) and the upland ecotype being mainly tetraploid and octaploid (2n = 8x = 72). Because there is a significant difference in ploidy, morphology, growth pattern, and zone of adaptation between and within the upland and lowland ecotypes, it is important to discriminate switchgrass plants belonging to different genetic pools. We used 55 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci and six chloroplast sequences to identify patterns of variation between and within 18 switchgrass cultivars representing seven lowland and 11 upland cultivars from different geographic regions and of varying ploidy levels. We report consistent discrimination of switchgrass cultivars into ecotype membership and demonstrate unambiguous molecular differentiation among switchgrass ploidy levels using genetic markers. Also, SSR and chloroplast markers identified genetic pools related to the geographic origin of the 18 cultivars with respect to ecotype, ploidy, and geographical, and cultivar sources. SSR loci were highly informative for cultivar fingerprinting and to classify plants of unknown origin. This classification system is the first step toward developing switchgrass complementary gene pools that can be expected to provide a significant heterotic increase in biomass yield. C1 [Zalapa, J. E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Price, D. L.; Kaeppler, S. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tobias, C. M.; Okada, M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zalapa, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jezalapa@wisc.edu OI Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 FU US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX The authors thank Nick Baker and Jered Giombi for their assistance with various aspects of this experiment, and Josh Hyman, Marie Adams, and Pam Prince for their invaluable help during SSR genotyping. This research was sponsored and funded by the US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Grant DE-FC02-07ER64494. NR 34 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 122 IS 4 BP 805 EP 817 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1488-1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 719XK UT WOS:000287244600013 PM 21104398 ER PT J AU Gladue, DP Gavrilov, BK Holinka, LG Fernandez-Sainz, IJ Vepkhvadze, NG Rogers, K O'Donnell, V Risatti, GR Borca, MV AF Gladue, Douglas P. Gavrilov, Boris K. Holinka, Lauren G. Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio J. Vepkhvadze, N. G. Rogers, Kara O'Donnell, Vivian Risatti, Guillermo R. Borca, Manuel V. TI Identification of an NTPase motif in classical swine fever virus NS4B protein SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Classical swine fever virus; NS4B protein; Nucleotide binding domain; NTPase activity; Replication; Virulence ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING MOTIF; NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATASE; CLEAVAGE SITES; REPLICATION; PESTIVIRUSES; MECHANISM; 4B; HYDROLYSIS AB Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of swine caused by CSF virus (CSFV), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus within the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. Here, we have identified conserved sequence elements observed in nucleotide-binding motifs (NBM) that hydrolyze NTPs within the CSFV non-structural (NS) protein NS4B. Expressed NS4B protein hydrolyzes both ATP and GTP. Substitutions of critical residues within the identified NS4B NBM Walker A and B motifs significantly impair the ATPase and GTPase activities of expressed proteins. Similar mutations introduced into the genetic backbone of a full-length cDNA copy of CSFV strain Brescia rendered no infectious viruses or viruses with impaired replication capabilities, suggesting that this NTPase activity is critical for the CSFV cycle. Recovered mutant viruses retained a virulent phenotype, as parental strain Brescia, in infected swine. These results have important implications for developing novel antiviral strategies against CSFV infection. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gladue, Douglas P.; Holinka, Lauren G.; Vepkhvadze, N. G.; O'Donnell, Vivian; Borca, Manuel V.] USDA ARS NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Gavrilov, Boris K.; Fernandez-Sainz, Ignacio J.; Rogers, Kara; O'Donnell, Vivian; Risatti, Guillermo R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM douglas.gladue@ars.usda.gov; boris.gavrilov@uconn.edu; lauren.holinka@ars.usda.gov; ignacio.fernandez-sainz@ars.usda.gov; nino.vepkhvadze@ars.usda.gov; kara.rogers@uconn.edu; vivian.odonnell@ars.usda.gov; guillermo.risatti@uconn.edu; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 FU USDA-NRI [2006-01614]; USDA; ARS; PIADC; SCA [58-1940-8-853] FX BKG was supported by USDA-NRI grant 2006-01614. This work was partially supported by USDA, ARS, PIADC, SCA# 58-1940-8-853. We wish to particularly thank Ms. Melanie V. Prarat for editing the manuscript and the Plum Island Animal Disease Center Animal Care Unit staff for excellent technical assistance. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 411 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.028 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 725FI UT WOS:000287630200006 PM 21236462 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, BR Chapman, JW Torchin, ME Kuris, AM AF Dumbauld, Brett R. Chapman, John W. Torchin, Mark E. Kuris, Armand M. TI Is the Collapse of Mud Shrimp (Upogebia pugettensis) Populations Along the Pacific Coast of North America Caused by Outbreaks of a Previously Unknown Bopyrid Isopod Parasite (Orthione griffenis)? SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Parasitic castrator; Local extinctions; Introduced species; Neotrypaea californiensis; Thalassinidea ID PROBOPYRUS-PANDALICOLA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; WILLAPA BAY; DYNAMICS; HOST; EXTINCTION; CASTRATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A dramatic increase in prevalence of the recently discovered bopyrid isopod parasite, Orthione griffenis, likely introduced in the 1980s from Asia to the Pacific coast of North America, coincided with the 2002 collapse of a population of its burrowing mud shrimp host, Upogebia pugettensis, in Willapa Bay, Washington that had been stable since monitoring began in 1988. An examination of whether O. griffenis infections were sufficient to cause this decline and other recently noted U. pugettensis population collapses in Pacific Coast estuaries was conducted. O. griffenis prevalence was the highest in large reproductive-sized female shrimp and caused an estimated average 68% loss of U. pugettensis reproduction in Yaquina Bay, Oregon over a 5-year period. O. griffenis prevalence fluctuated from year to year, but trends were similar in all estuaries sampled. Uninfected shrimp transplanted back into locations from which they had disappeared acquired the parasite, suggesting that O. griffenis is extremely effective at finding its host even in estuaries with very low host density. Since both U. pugettensis and O. griffenis have pelagic larval stages, their population dynamics are also influenced by coastal nearshore oceanography and estuarine recruitment success. Coastwide lack of estuarine recruitment appears to coincide with declines in density of a co-occurring thalassinid shrimp, Neotrypaea californiensis, but cannot alone explain U. pugettensis population collapses. Although patterns observed to date could be explained by the presence of either a native or introduced parasitic castrator, assumptions of a resilient co-evolved host-parasite relationship do not apply for introduced species, so continued efforts to follow the spatial extent and consequences of the O. griffenis-U. pugettensis host-parasite relationship are warranted. C1 [Dumbauld, Brett R.] ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Chapman, John W.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 08433092, Ancon, Panama. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Dumbauld, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM brett.dumbauld@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Washington State Legislature; USFWS through the Coastal Resources Alliance; NSF at Hatfield Marine Science Center; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Western Regional Aquaculture Center FX This research was funded in part by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, the Washington State Legislature via a grant to JWC to examine biological control of shrimp, a grant to AMK from the USFWS through the Coastal Resources Alliance, funding from NSF for the REU program at Hatfield Marine Science Center, and in-kind field assistance from the LCCSC-OYCC field crews. Historical monitoring was funded by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and several grants to David Armstrong and BRD from the Western Regional Aquaculture Center. We especially thank Lee McCoy and Cara Fritz for their help in the field and with data analysis. Katelyn Cassidy, Roy Hildenbrand, Roxanna Hintzman, Kristine Feldman, Bruce Kauffman, Michael Herrle, Andy Smith, Lauren Woods, Caitlin White, Xeronimo Castaneda, Erin Ashley, Sara Heerhartz, and numerous others assisted with shrimp sampling. Finally, we thank Melanie Frazier, Vladlina Gerteseva, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. NR 88 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 336 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9316-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718SQ UT WOS:000287146900011 ER PT J AU Delannay, IY Staub, JE AF Delannay, Isabelle Y. Staub, Jack E. TI Molecular markers assist in the development of diverse inbred backcross lines in European Long cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Genetic distance; Morphological traits; Multivariate analysis ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; QTL ANALYSIS; ENGLISH CUCUMBER; GERMPLASM; TRAITS AB The popular fresh-market European Long cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is grown commercially worldwide under controlled, greenhouse environments. However, it has a narrow genetic base, where private and public improvement programs can trace their origins to comparatively few accessions. Therefore, a project was designed to identify diverse genotypes for use in the formation and analysis of inbred backcross (BC(2)S(3)) lines (IBL) to broaden the genetic base of this market class. Initially, 42 cucumber accessions were evaluated with a previously defined standard marker array to identify parents for use in backcrossing. The IBL were developed by crossing the elite commercial line NZ1 (Nunhems Vegetable Seeds, Haelen, The Netherlands) and PI 432858 (China), and then backcrossing the most genetically diverse BC(1) and BC(2) progeny to the elite parent as defined by marker analyses (19 polymorphic, mapped SSR, and SCAR marker loci), followed by three generations of single seed descent resulting in 116 IBL (BC(2)S(3)). The IBL were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for days to anthesis, sex expression, lateral branch number, yield, and exterior fruit quality in Madison, Wisconsin, USA (soil media), and in Haelen and Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands (soilless, hydroponic media). The IBL were genotyped using an expanded marker array (37 polymorphic SSR, SCAR, SNP, EST, BAC end, and gene-associated loci), and genetic relationships were examined by multivariate analyses using phenotypic and genotypic data. The 116 developed IBL possessed considerable morphological and genotypic diversity, where genetic distance (GD) among lines ranged between 0.00 and 0.77. These IBL possessed many commercially acceptable attributes, and, thus, genetic diversity in this market type could be substantially increased by the use of these genetically broad-based IBL during plant improvement. C1 [Delannay, Isabelle Y.; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA,ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Delannay, IY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA,ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM idelannay@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2011 VL 178 IS 2 BP 229 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0306-9 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 722TJ UT WOS:000287457500008 ER PT J AU Behera, TK Staub, JE Behera, S Delannay, IY Chen, JF AF Behera, Tusar K. Staub, Jack E. Behera, Snigdha Delannay, Isabelle Y. Chen, Jin Feng TI Marker-assisted backcross selection in an interspecific Cucumis population broadens the genetic base of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; C. hytivus; Molecular markers; Morphological traits ID YIELD COMPONENTS; COMBINING ABILITY; LINKAGE MAP; MELO L.; LINES; INBREDS; HYBRIDIZATION; DIVERSITY; GERMPLASM; HYBRIDS AB Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a major cucurbit vegetable species whose genetic base has been drastically reduced during its domestication. The crop's narrow genetic base (3-12% DNA polymorphism) has resulted from the use of limited genetic material and intense selection during plant improvement. Recently, however, interspecific hybridization has been successful in Cucumis via mating of C. hystrix Chakr. and C. sativus, which resulted in the amphidiploid C. hytivus. We report herein a marker-assisted strategy for increasing genetic diversity in cucumber through introgression backcrossing employing C. hytivus. The comparatively late-flowering but high-yielding, indeterminate, monoecious line WI 7012A (P(1); donor parent) derived from a C. hytivus x C. sativus-derived line (long-fruited Chinese C. sativus cv. Beijingjietou) was initially crossed to the determinate, gynoecious C. sativus line WI 7023A (P(2); recurrent parent 1), and then advanced backcross generation progeny (BC(2)) were crossed with the gynoecious indeterminate line WI 9-6A (P(3); recurrent parent 2). More specifically, a single F(1) individual (P(1) x P(2)) was backcrossed to P(2), and then BC progeny were crossed to P(2) and P(3), where marker-assisted selection (MAS) for genetic diversity (8 mapped and 16 unmapped markers; designated Sel) or no selection (designated NSel) was applied to produce BC(3)P(2) (Sel) and BC(3)P(3) (Sel), and BC(2)P(2) (NSel) and BC(2)P(2)S(1) (NSel) progeny. Relative vegetative growth, number of lateral branches (LB), days to flowering (DF), yield (fruit number), and fruit quality [as measured by length:diameter (L:D) and endocarp:total diameter (E:T) ratios] were assessed in parents and cross-progeny. DF varied from similar to 20 (BC(3)P(2)Sel) to similar to 25 days (BC(2)P(3)Sel) among the populations examined, where progeny derived from P(2) possessed the shortest DF. Differences in cumulative yield among the populations over six harvests were detected, varying from similar to 8 fruits per plant in BC(3)P(2) (Sel) to similar to 39 fruits per plant in BC(2)P(3) (Sel). Although the vigorous vegetative growth of line P(1) was observed in its backcross progeny, highly heterozygous and polymorphic backcross progeny derived from P(3) were comparatively more vigorous and bore many high-quality fruit. Response to selection was detected for LB, DF, L:D, and E:T, but the effectiveness of MAS depended upon the parental lines used. Data indicate that the genetic diversity of commercial cucumber can be increased by introgression of the C. hystrix genome through backcrossing. C1 [Behera, Tusar K.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, New Delhi 110012, India. [Staub, Jack E.; Behera, Snigdha; Delannay, Isabelle Y.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chen, Jin Feng] Nanjing Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Key Lab So Vegetable Crop Genet Improvement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP Behera, TK (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India. EM tusar@rediffmail.com FU Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, government of India FX The fund provided by the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, government of India for sponsoring T.K. Behera to carry out research work at the Department of Horticulture, UW Madison, USA is acknowledged and appreciated. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2011 VL 178 IS 2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0315-8 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 722TJ UT WOS:000287457500010 ER PT J AU Jansky, S AF Jansky, Shelley TI Parental effects on the performance of cultivated x wild species hybrids in potato SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Potato; Solanum; Wild species; Germplasm enhancement; Haploid ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; TAXONOMIC PREDICTIVITY; RECIPROCAL DIFFERENCES; DIPLOID POTATOES; YIELD COMPONENTS; MALE-FERTILITY; WHITE MOLD; 2N POLLEN; RESISTANCE; RELATIVES AB Valuable genetic diversity in diploid wild Solanum species can be accessed through crosses to haploids (2n = 2x) of the tetraploid cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum. Haploid-wild species hybrids segregate for the ability to tuberize in the field. In addition, they vary in male fertility, vine size, stolon length, and tuber size. In this study, three haploids were crossed with nine diploid wild Solanum species and 27 hybrid families were evaluated in the field for two years. The proportion of male fertile hybrid clones varied depending on the wild species parent. A large effect of the female parent was detected for vine size, stolon length, tuber size, percent tuberization, and percent plants selected for agronomic quality. An exceptional haploid (US-W4) was identified for the production of agronomically desirable haploid-wild species hybrids. In hybrids derived from US-W4, differences among wild species parents were observed for agronomic quality. Superior hybrids were produced by S. berthaultii and S. microdontum. Reciprocal crosses were evaluated for a subset of families. When the wild species was used as the female parent, male fertility was restored, but tuberization and tuber size were reduced. Careful selection of both haploid and wild species parents can result in a large proportion of fertile, agronomically desirable hybrid offspring. C1 [Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2011 VL 178 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0323-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 722TJ UT WOS:000287457500011 ER PT J AU Pecetti, L Johnson, RC Romani, M Bassignana, M Della Marianna, G AF Pecetti, L. Johnson, R. C. Romani, M. Bassignana, M. Della Marianna, G. TI Ecological characterization of supina bluegrass (Poa supina Schrad.) germplasm from the Italian Alps SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alps; high-elevation species; Poa supina Schrad; supina bluegrass; turfgrasses AB A collection was carried out in the Italian Alps to gather local genetic resources and acquire information on the ecological adaptation of supina bluegrass (Poa supina Schrad.), a cool-season grass native to the Alpine region in Europe. It has potential for pastures and a growing interest for turfs, owing to excellent traffic, shade and cold tolerance. Available germplasm for research and breeding is scant, and extensive collections are needed to enable further development of adapted materials. Alpine germplasm has already proved valuable for breeding at lower altitude in pioneering selection work carried out in Germany. Extensive exploration throughout different environments, mostly above 1600 m elevation, yielded fifty-five novel populations. Collections largely occurred in environments exposed to heavy disturbance by livestock, but it was also frequently found on very poor substrates along mountain paths and dirt roads, or around buildings. Some populations were present locally in shaded environments. Preliminary ex-situ observations indicated likely among-population variation to occur for important traits of breeding relevance such as disease and drought tolerance. Genetic variation for adaptive traits, although unproven, is hypothesized given the diversified habitats where the species was collected across the Italian Alps. C1 [Pecetti, L.; Romani, M.] CRA Ctr Ric Prod Foraggere & Lattiero Casearie, Lodi, Italy. [Johnson, R. C.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA USA. [Bassignana, M.] Inst Agr Reg, Aosta, Italy. [Della Marianna, G.] Fdn Fojanini Studi Super, Sondrio, Italy. RP Pecetti, L (reprint author), CRA Ctr Ric Prod Foraggere & Lattiero Casearie, Lodi, Italy. EM luciano.pecetti@entecra.it FU USDA-ARS FX The work was carried out within the USDA-ARS-funded project 'Plant exploration in Europe to collect Poa species for crop improvement', implemented through the WRPIS, Pullman WA, USA, in collaboration with CRA-FLC, Lodi, Italy. Dr F. Prosser, Civic Museum of Rovereto, is gratefully acknowledged for useful information on the localization of the species in the Alpine region. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 66 IS 1 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2010.00766.x PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718RW UT WOS:000287144800007 ER PT J AU Brito, MAVP Somkuti, GA Renye, JA AF Brito, M. A. V. P. Somkuti, G. A. Renye, J. A., Jr. TI Production of antilisterial bacteriocins by staphylococci isolated from bovine milk SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE staphylococci from milk; antilisterial activity; bacteriocin ID GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; STRUCTURAL GENE; AUREUS C55; PURIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; EPIDERMIDIS; MASTITIS; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; FERMENTATION AB A collection of 111 staphylococcal isolates recovered from healthy cows in 41 dairy herds in Brazil was surveyed for the production of bacteriocins. The group included 94 coagulase-positive and 17 coagulase-negative strains of staphylococci. All cultures were grown in tryptic soy broth for 18 h at 37 degrees C, and cell-free supernatants were tested for antimicrobial activity against several target organisms by using the agar diffusion method. Filtrates of 57 staphylococci showed strong activity against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, and 52 isolates also inhibited the growth of Stapylococcus aureus Newbould 305, a major causative agent of bovine mastitis in the United States. The plasmid profiles of staphylococci invariably included an 8-kb plasmid. Staphylococcal isolates were tested for the production of aureocins A70 and A53, 2 bacteriocins of coagulase-positive staphylococci known to be associated with 8-kb and 10.2-kb plasmids, respectively. The presence of the A70 or A53 bacteriocin gene was checked by PCR techniques using primers based on nucleotide sequences flanking the structural gene of each bacteriocin. Agarose gel analysis of amplified PCR products of plasmid templates from all 58 isolates showed only a 525-bp fragment corresponding to the structural gene of the bacteriocin aureocin A70. The results indicated that the apparently widespread association of A70-producing staphylococci with healthy cows in Brazil may be beneficial in controlling undesirable bacteria in dairy herds. C1 [Somkuti, G. A.; Renye, J. A., Jr.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Brito, M. A. V. P.] EMBRAPA Dairy Cattle Res Ctr, BR-36038 Juiz De For A, Brazil. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM george.somkuti@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1194 EP 1200 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3849 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 722ZF UT WOS:000287473500013 PM 21338785 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Null, DJ De Vries, A AF Cole, J. B. Null, D. J. De Vries, A. TI Short communication: Best prediction of 305-day lactation yields with regional and seasonal effects SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE best prediction; milk yield; regional effect ID UNITED-STATES; MILK; FAT; ADJUSTMENT; MODEL AB In the United States, lactation yields are calculated using best prediction (BP), a method in which test-day (TD) data are compared with breed-and parity-specific herd lactation curves that do not account for differences among regions of the country or seasons of calving. Complete data from 538,090 lactations of 348,123 Holstein cows with lactation lengths between 250 and 500 d, records made in a single herd, at least 5 reported TD, and twice-daily milking were extracted from the national dairy database and used to construct regional and seasonal lactation curves. Herds were assigned to 1 of 7 regions of the country, individual lactations were assigned to 3-mo seasons of calving, and lactation curves for milk, fat, and protein yields were estimated by parity group for regions, seasons, and seasons within regions. Multiplicative pre-adjustment factors (MF) also were computed. The resulting lactation curves and MF were tested on a validation data set of 891,806 lactations from 400,000 Holstein cows sampled at random from the national dairy database. Mature-equivalent milk, fat, and protein yields were calculated using the standard and adjusted curves and MF, and differences between 305-d mature-equivalent yields were tested for significance. Yields calculated using 50-d intervals from 50 to 250 d in milk (DIM) and using all TD to 500 DIM allowed comparisons of predictions for records in progress (RIP). Differences in mature-equivalent milk ranged from 0 to 51 kg and were slightly larger for first-parity than for later parity cows. Milk and components yields did not differ significantly in any case. Correlations of yields for 50-d intervals with those using all TD were similar across analyses. Yields for RIP were slightly more accurate when adjusted for regional and seasonal differences. C1 [Cole, J. B.; Null, D. J.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [De Vries, A.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.cole@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014; OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401; De Vries, Albert/0000-0003-4511-0388 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1601 EP 1604 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3865 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 722ZF UT WOS:000287473500055 PM 21338827 ER PT J AU Zhang, JR Martin, JM Balint-Kurti, P Huang, L Giroux, MJ AF Zhang, Jinrui Martin, John M. Balint-Kurti, Peter Huang, Li Giroux, Michael J. TI The Wheat Puroindoline Genes Confer Fungal Resistance in Transgenic Corn SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Puroindolines; corn; southern leaf blight resistance ID SOUTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HETEROSTROPHUS RACE-O; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ANTHESIS; RICE AB Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb), together make up the functional components of the wheat grain hardness locus (Ha) and have antimicrobial properties. The antifungal activity of puroindoline proteins, PINA and PINB, has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In this study, Pina and Pinb were introduced into corn under the control of a corn Ubiquitin promoter. Two Pina/Pinb expression-positive transgenic events were evaluated for resistance to Cochliobolus heterostrophus, the corn southern leaf blight (SLB) pathogen. Transgenic corn expressing Pins showed significantly increased tolerance to C. heterostrophus, averaging 42.1% reduction in symptoms. Pins are effective in vivo as antifungal proteins and could be valuable tools in corn SLB control. C1 [Zhang, Jinrui; Martin, John M.; Huang, Li; Giroux, Michael J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Giroux, MJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, 119 Plant Biosci Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mgiroux@montana.edu OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X FU Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research; Dow AgroSciences; USDA-ARS National Research Initiative [2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135]; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported by the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Dow AgroSciences, USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Program grants 2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135 and by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 159 IS 3 BP 188 EP 190 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01744.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 714VV UT WOS:000286838000010 ER PT J AU McManamay, RA Webster, JR Valett, HM Dolloff, CA AF McManamay, Ryan A. Webster, Jackson R. Valett, H. Maurice Dolloff, C. Andrew TI Does diet influence consumer nutrient cycling? Macroinvertebrate and fish excretion in streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stoichiometry; excretion; nutrient cycling; stream; consumers ID PHOSPHORUS-DEFICIENT DIETS; FOOD-WEB; ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; TROPICAL STREAM; ORGANIC-CARBON; GROWTH; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS AB Consumer nutrient cycling supplies limiting elements to autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms in aquatic systems. However, the role of consumers in supplying nutrients may change depending on their diet and their own stoichiometry. We evaluated the stoichiometry, N and P excretion, and diets of the dominant macroinvertebrates and fish at 6 stream sites to determine if the nutritional composition of food alters nutrient excretion. We used Sterner's (1990) nutrient homeostasis model as a reference to gauge whether consumer nutrient excretion is influenced by diet. Body stoichiometry explained 61% of the variation in N:P excretion by macroinvertebrates but only 11% of the variation for fish. In both cases, the relationship was driven by 2 P-rich end-members, crayfish and mottled sculpin. Results of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) analysis showed that family alone explained 71% of the variation in N:P excretion in macroinvertebrates and 31% of the variation in fish. Diet explained only 8% of the variation in both cases. Most consumers (9 of 11) had N:P excretion values that were well below predictions of Sterner's model. Two taxa, crayfish and sculpin, had N:P excretion that overlapped the model's predictions. Our results suggest that crayfish and sculpin may display strict homeostasis with respect to N and P and that their growth might be P-limited. Other consumers may be more flexible in their stoichiometry and not P-limited. We speculate that the extremely low excretion N:P measured for many consumers might have been the result of semiflexible homeostasis, inaccuracies in our assessment of dietary nutrients, growth-limiting nutrients other than N or P. or lack of egestion data. Our results suggest that crayfish and sculpin may alter N and P dynamics in streams by excreting low amounts of P relative to N compared to what is generally available in the water column. C1 [McManamay, Ryan A.; Webster, Jackson R.; Valett, H. Maurice] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, C. Andrew] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP McManamay, RA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rmcmanam@vt.edu; jwebster@vt.edu; maury.valett@flbs.umt.edu; adoll@vt.edu FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service; National Science Foundation [DEB-02218001] FX The manuscript was significantly improved by comments from 2 anonymous referees. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the Coweeta Long-Term Ecological Research Project (National Science Foundation DEB-02218001). We thank Bobbie Niederlehner for her help with the laboratory analyses, Zach Minter for his assistance with the field and laboratory work, and Rachel H. McManamay for her moral support throughout the study. We also thank Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries biologists, Joe Williams, George Palmer, and John Copeland, for their help in the field. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 68 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 84 EP 102 DI 10.1899/09-152.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718IP UT WOS:000287114800008 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Zanovec, M Keast, DR Fulgoni, VL Nicklas, TA AF O'Neil, Carol E. Zanovec, Michael Keast, Debra R. Fulgoni, Victor L., III Nicklas, Theresa A. TI Nutrient contribution of total and lean beef in diets of US children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Meat; Beef; Children; Adolescents; Nutrient intake; NHANES ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CONSUMPTION PATTERNS; MEAT CONSUMPTION; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; BREAST-CANCER; ENERGY-INTAKE; AARP DIET; HEME IRON AB This study examined the nutritional contribution of total beef and lean beef (LB) to the diet of US children and adolescents using the US Department of Agriculture definition of LB as defined in MyPyramid. Twenty-four hour dietary recall data from children 4-8 years of age [y] (n = 2474), 9-13 y (n = 3273), and adolescents 14-18 y (n = 4044) participating in the NHANES 1999-2004 were assessed. LB was defined as beef with <= 9.28 grams [g] fat/100 g (excess was discretionary fat). Means and standard errors were determined using appropriate sample weights. Consumption of LB contributed significantly to intake of protein and many key nutrients such as vitamins B6 and B12, zinc, iron, niacin, phosphorus, and potassium by US children and adolescents without providing significantly to intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids, or sodium. (C) 2010 The American Meat Science Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.; Zanovec, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Ctr Agr, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneil1@lsu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [LAB 93951]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-003] FX This work was supported by Beef Checkoff and partial support was received from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hatch Project LAB 93951. This work is a publication of the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas and was also funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under the Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6-003. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U.S. government. NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 EI 1873-4138 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.10.020 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 715CZ UT WOS:000286859300015 PM 21093990 ER PT J AU Smith, ED Whiting, MD Rudell, DR AF Smith, Erick D. Whiting, Matthew D. Rudell, David R. TI Metabolic profiling of ethephon-treated sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE 'Bing'; 'Chelan'; 'Skeena'; Principal component analysis; GC-MS; Fruit maturation; Fruit quality ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; (2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHONIC ACID; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; ANTHOCYANINS; CONSTITUENTS; ABSCISSION; HARVESTER AB Increasing costs and decreasing labor availability for sweet cherry harvest in Washington State, USA, has reinvigorated commercial and research interest of mechanized harvest. Ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) can be used to improve fruit abscission for mechanical harvest. Our previous work shows that 3.5 l ha(-1) ethephon enhances red color and reduces firmness of the cultivar 'Bing'. In the current study, we used metabolic profiling of cultivars 'Bing', Chelan', and 'Skeena' fruit meso and exocarp tissue to better understand underlying quality-related metabolism associated with ethephon application. Trees were treated using air-blast sprayer 13-14 days prior to harvest and fruit samples were harvested every 7-10 days starting at least 17 days prior to commercial harvest. Nearly 200 identified and partially characterized metabolites from mesocarp and exocarp tissue were characterized and evaluated. Principal component analysis models revealed changes in the metabolome associated with both natural ripening and ethephon-induced changes, including associations to key color, acid, and sugar components, such as cyanidin 3-glucoside, malic acid and sugar metabolism. C1 [Smith, Erick D.; Whiting, Matthew D.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Rudell, David R.] ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Smith, ED (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM edsmith@wsu.edu FU International Marketing Program for Agricultural Commodities Trade (IMPACT); Washington State University Agricultural Research Center; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We are grateful to International Marketing Program for Agricultural Commodities & Trade (IMPACT), Washington State University Agricultural Research Center, and Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission for financial support. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD MAR PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11306-010-0238-3 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 722TC UT WOS:000287456700011 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH Weber, DC Coudron, TC Payton, ME AF Greenstone, Matthew H. Weber, Donald C. Coudron, Thomas C. Payton, Mark E. TI Unnecessary roughness? Testing the hypothesis that predators destined for molecular gut-content analysis must be hand-collected to avoid cross-contamination SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE molecular gut-content analysis; sampling ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENERALIST PREDATORS; ALTERNATIVE PREY; APHID PREDATION; CONTENT ELISA; FOOD WEBS; DNA; FIELD; TRACKING AB Molecular gut-content analysis enables detection of arthropod predation with minimal disruption of ecosystem processes. Mass-collection methods, such as sweep-netting, vacuum sampling and foliage beating, could lead to regurgitation or rupturing of predators along with uneaten prey, thereby contaminating specimens and compromising resultant gut-content data. Proponents of this 'cross-contamination hypothesis' advocate hand-collection as the best way to avoid cross-contamination. However, hand-collection is inefficient when large samples are needed, as with most ecological research. We tested the cross-contamination hypothesis by setting out onto potato plants immature Coleomegilla maculata and Podisus maculiventris that had been fed larvae of either Leptinotarsa decemlineata or Leptinotarsa juncta, or unfed individuals of these predator species along with L. decemlineata larvae. The animals were then immediately re-collected, either by knocking them vigorously off the plants onto a beat cloth and capturing them en masse with an aspirator ('rough' treatment) or by hand-searching and collection with a brush ('best practice'). Collected predators were transferred in the field to individual vials of chilled ethanol and subsequently assayed by PCR for fragments of cytochrome oxidase I of L. decemlineata and L. juncta. Ten to 39 per cent of re-collected fed predators tested positive by PCR for DNA of both Leptinotarsa species, and 14-38% of re-collected unfed predators contained L. decemlineata DNA. Overall levels of cross-contamination in the rough (31%) and best-practice (11%) samples were statistically different and supported the cross-contamination hypothesis. A pilot study on eliminating external DNA contamination with bleach prior to DNA extraction and amplification gave promising results. C1 [Greenstone, Matthew H.; Weber, Donald C.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Coudron, Thomas C.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Payton, Mark E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matt.greenstone@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02922.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 719JE UT WOS:000287200200007 PM 21429135 ER PT J AU Manfre, A Glenn, M Nunez, A Moreau, RA Dardick, C AF Manfre, A. Glenn, M. Nunez, A. Moreau, R. A. Dardick, C. TI Light Quantity and Photosystem Function Mediate Host Susceptibility to Turnip mosaic virus Via a Salicylic Acid-Independent Mechanism SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DEFENSE-RELATED PROTEINS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; VIRAL COAT PROTEIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CELL-DEATH; GENE-EXPRESSION; TOBACCO-LEAVES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE AB Evidence going as far back as the early part of the 20th century suggests that both light and chloroplast function may play key roles in host susceptibility to viruses. Despite the long history of such work, confirmation of these phenomena and a determination of the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we revisited these questions using modern imaging technologies to study the susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We found that both light deficiency and photosystem impairment increased the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to TuMV infection. Time-lapse photography studies indicated that, under these conditions, rub-inoculated plants exhibited greater numbers of infection foci and more rapid foci development. The rate of systemic movement was also accelerated though cell-to-cell movement appeared unchanged. Inhibition of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses is not likely responsible for changes in susceptibility because SA and pathogen response-1 gene induction were not affected by light deficiency or chloroplast impairment and treatment of plants with SA had no measureable impact on TuMV infection. Taken together, these data suggest that both light and optimal chloroplast function influence virus infection either by limiting the cellular resources needed by TuMV to establish replication complexes or the host's ability to activate SA-independent defenses. C1 [Manfre, A.; Glenn, M.; Dardick, C.] USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Nunez, A.; Moreau, R. A.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Dardick, C (reprint author), USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM chris.dardick@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 103 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1094/MPMI-08-10-0191 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 722VU UT WOS:000287464200004 PM 21091158 ER PT J AU Bae, H Roberts, DP Lim, HS Strem, MD Park, SC Ryu, CM Melnick, RL Bailey, BA AF Bae, Hanhong Roberts, Daniel P. Lim, Hyoun-Sub Strem, Mary D. Park, Soo-Chul Ryu, Choong-Min Melnick, Rachel L. Bailey, Bryan A. TI Endophytic Trichoderma Isolates from Tropical Environments Delay Disease Onset and Induce Resistance Against Phytophthora capsici in Hot Pepper Using Multiple Mechanisms SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; PLANT-ROOT COLONIZATION; DEFENSE RESPONSES; BIOCONTROL AGENT; THEOBROMA-CACAO; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOSAIC-VIRUS AB Endophytic Trichoderma isolates collected in tropical environments were evaluated for biocontrol activity against Phytophthora capsici in hot pepper (Capsicum annum). Six isolates were tested for parasitic and antimicrobial activity against P capsici and for endophytic and induced resistance capabilities in pepper. Isolates DES 70a, DIS 219b, and DIS 376f were P capsici parasites, while DIS 70a, DIS 259j, DIS 320c, and DIS 376f metabolites inhibited P capsici. All six isolates colonized roots but were inefficient stem colonizers. DIS 259j, DIS 320c, and DIS 376f induced defense-related expressed sequence tags (EST) in 32-day-old peppers. DIS 70a, DIS 259j, and DIS 376f delayed disease development. Initial colonization of roots by DIS 259j or DIS 376f induced EST with potential to impact Trichoderma endophytic colonization and disease development, including multiple lipid transferase protein (LTP)-like family members. The timing and intensity of induction varied between isolates. Expression of CaLTP-N, encoding a LTP-like protein in pepper, in N. benthamiana leaves reduced disease development in response to P. nicotianae inoculation, suggesting LTP are functional components of resistance induced by Trichoderma species. Trichoderma isolates were endophytic on pepper roots in which, depending on the isolate, they delayed disease development by P. capsici and induced strong and divergent defense reactions. C1 [Bae, Hanhong; Roberts, Daniel P.; Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Strem, Mary D.; Melnick, Rachel L.; Bailey, Bryan A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bae, Hanhong; Park, Soo-Chul] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Gyongsan 712749, Gyeongbuk Do, South Korea. [Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Ryu, Choong-Min] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Appl Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RDA, Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Div Mol Genet, Suwon 441707, South Korea. Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Syst Microbiol Res Ctr, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bryan.bailey@ars.usda.gov RI Melnick, Rachel/B-1719-2013 OI Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 FU Rural Development and Administration, Republic of Korea FX This work was partially supported by the grant from the BioGreen 21 program of Rural Development and Administration, Republic of Korea. The United States Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 82 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 336 EP 351 DI 10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0221 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 722VU UT WOS:000287464200006 PM 21091159 ER PT J AU Pattison, RR D'Antonio, CM Dudley, TL Allander, KK Rice, B AF Pattison, Robert R. D'Antonio, Carla M. Dudley, Tom L. Allander, Kip K. Rice, Benjamin TI Early impacts of biological control on canopy cover and water use of the invasive saltcedar tree (Tamarix spp.) in western Nevada, USA SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Defoliation; Evapotranspiration; Herbivory; Sap flow ID MOJAVE DESERT FLOODPLAIN; EDDY COVARIANCE; UNITED-STATES; LEAF BEETLE; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; SAP FLUX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TRANSPIRATION; DEFOLIATION AB The success of biological control programs is rarely assessed beyond population level impacts on the target organism. The question of whether a biological control agent can either partially or completely restore ecosystem services independent of population level control is therefore still open to discussion. Using observational and experimental approaches, we investigated the ability of the saltcedar leaf beetle [Diorhabda carinulata (Brull,) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] to reduce the water use of saltcedar trees (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) in two sites (Humboldt and Walker Rivers) in Nevada, USA. At these sites D. carinulata defoliated the majority of trees within 25 and 9 km, respectively, of the release location within 3 years. At the Humboldt site, D. carinulata reduced the canopy cover of trees adjacent to the release location by > 90%. At a location 4 km away during the first year of defoliation, D. carinulata reduced peak (August) stem water use by 50-70% and stand transpiration (July to late September) by 75% (P = 0.052). There was, however, no reduction in stem water use and stand transpiration during the second year of defoliation due to reduced beetle abundances at that location. At the Walker site, we measured stand evapotranspiration (ET) in the center of a large saltcedar stand and found that ET was highest immediately prior to D. carinulata arrival, dropped dramatically with defoliation, and remained low through the subsequent 2 years of the study. In contrast, near the perimeter of the stand, D. carinulata did not reduce sap flow, partly because of low rates of defoliation but also because of increased water use per unit leaf area in response to defoliation. Taken together, our results provide evidence that in the early stages of population expansion D. carinulata can lead to substantial declines in saltcedar water use. The extent of these declines varies spatially and temporally and is dependent on saltcedar compensatory responses along with D. carinulata population dynamics and patterns of dispersal. C1 [Pattison, Robert R.; D'Antonio, Carla M.; Rice, Benjamin] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. [Dudley, Tom L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Allander, Kip K.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV USA. [Pattison, Robert R.] USDA FS, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. [Dudley, Tom L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Pattison, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. EM rrpattison@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2011 VL 165 IS 3 BP 605 EP 616 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1859-y PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 721NL UT WOS:000287361500007 PM 21153743 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Dijkstra, FA Hamilton, EW Morgan, JA AF Augustine, David J. Dijkstra, Feike A. Hamilton, E. William, III Morgan, Jack A. TI Rhizosphere interactions, carbon allocation, and nitrogen acquisition of two perennial North American grasses in response to defoliation and elevated atmospheric CO2 SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Global change; Grazing tolerance; Pulse dynamics; Rhizodeposition; Water relations ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; PASCOPYRUM SMITHII C-3; BOUTELOUA GRACILIS C-4; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; WATER RELATIONS; ROOT EXUDATION; HERBIVORY TOLERANCE; WESTERN WHEATGRASS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND AB Carbon allocation and N acquisition by plants following defoliation may be linked through plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. Plant C allocation patterns and rhizosphere interactions can also be affected by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which in turn could influence plant and microbial responses to defoliation. We studied two widespread perennial grasses native to rangelands of western North America to test whether (1) defoliation-induced enhancement of rhizodeposition would stimulate rhizosphere N availability and plant N uptake, and (2) defoliation-induced enhancement of rhizodeposition, and associated effects on soil N availability, would increase under elevated CO2. Both species were grown at ambient (400 mu L L-1) and elevated (780 mu L L-1) atmospheric [CO2] under water-limiting conditions. Plant, soil and microbial responses were measured 1 and 8 days after a defoliation treatment. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that defoliation and elevated CO2 both reduced carbon inputs to the rhizosphere of Bouteloua gracilis (C-4) and Pascopyrum smithii (C-3). However, both species also increased N allocation to shoots of defoliated versus non-defoliated plants 8 days after treatment. This response was greatest for P. smithii, and was associated with negative defoliation effects on root biomass and N content and reduced allocation of post-defoliation assimilate to roots. In contrast, B. gracilis increased allocation of post-defoliation assimilate to roots, and did not exhibit defoliation-induced reductions in root biomass or N content. Our findings highlight key differences between these species in how post-defoliation C allocation to roots versus shoots is linked to shoot N yield, but indicate that defoliation-induced enhancement of shoot N concentration and N yield is not mediated by increased C allocation to the rhizosphere. C1 [Augustine, David J.; Dijkstra, Feike A.; Morgan, Jack A.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hamilton, E. William, III] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Biol, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.Augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011; Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 NR 64 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2011 VL 165 IS 3 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1845-4 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 721NL UT WOS:000287361500021 PM 21113625 ER PT J AU Shabala, S Baekgaard, L Shabala, L Fuglsang, A Babourina, O Palmgren, MG Cuin, TA Rengel, Z Nemchinov, LG AF Shabala, Sergey Baekgaard, Lone Shabala, Lana Fuglsang, Anja Babourina, Olga Palmgren, Michael G. Cuin, Tracey A. Rengel, Zed Nemchinov, Lev G. TI Plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters mediate virus-induced acquired resistance to oxidative stress SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ca2+; H plus exchanger; Ca2+-pump; chloroplast; mesophyll; potato virus X; UV irradiation ID UV-B RADIATION; THALIANA CULTURED-CELLS; K+-PERMEABLE CHANNELS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SALT TOLERANCE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CROSS-TOLERANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; ABIOTIC STRESS; GUARD-CELLS AB This paper reports the phenomenon of acquired cross-tolerance to oxidative stress in plants and investigates the activity of specific Ca2+ transport systems mediating this phenomenon. Nicotiana benthamiana plants were infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and exposed to oxidative [either ultraviolet (UV-C) or H2O2] stress. Plant adaptive responses were assessed by the combined application of a range of electrophysiological (non-invasive microelectrode ion flux measurements), biochemical (Ca2+- and H+-ATPase activity), imaging (fluorescence lifetime imaging measurements of changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations), pharmacological and cytological transmission electrone microscopy techniques. Virus-infected plants had a better ability to control UV-induced elevations in cytosolic-free Ca2+ and prevent structural and functional damage of chloroplasts. Taken together, our results suggest a high degree of crosstalk between UV and pathogen-induced oxidative stresses, and highlight the crucial role of Ca2+ efflux systems in acquired resistance to oxidative stress in plants. C1 [Shabala, Sergey; Cuin, Tracey A.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Shabala, Lana] Univ Tasmania, Menzies Res Inst, NeuroRepair Grp, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Baekgaard, Lone; Fuglsang, Anja; Palmgren, Michael G.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Ctr Membrane Pumps Cells & Dis PUMPKIN,Danis Nati, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Babourina, Olga; Rengel, Zed] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Nemchinov, Lev G.] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shabala, S (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM sergey.shabala@utas.edu.au RI Shabala, Sergey/C-6794-2013; Palmgren, Michael/A-9808-2013; fuglsang, anja thoe/E-1683-2012 OI Palmgren, Michael/0000-0002-9982-6114; fuglsang, anja thoe/0000-0003-1153-8394 FU ARC; TIAR; USDA/ARS; EU; Danish National Research Foundation FX This work was supported by the ARC Discovery and TIAR grants (S.S.), the USDA/ARS (L.G.N.), the EU Framework Programme 6 (PHIME) and by the Danish National Research Foundation. We are grateful to C. Murphy from BARC Electron Microscopy Unit for his invaluable help with tissue preparation and taking EM images, to J. C. Dickens of the Insect Behaviour Laboratory and J. Bunce of the Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, USDA/ARS for sharing their equipment. NR 78 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 406 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02251.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 718BM UT WOS:000287094700004 PM 21062316 ER PT J AU Nunes, MCN Emond, JP Dea, S Yagiz, Y AF Nunes, M. Cecilia N. Emond, Jean-Pierre Dea, Sharon Yagiz, Yavuz TI Distribution center and retail conditions affect the sensory and compositional quality of bulk and packaged slicing cucumbers SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus L.; Color; Chilling injury; Weight loss; Chlorophyll ID AFFECT FRUIT; TEMPERATURES; STORAGE; FIRMNESS; SYSTEM; AIR AB During distribution and retail display, fruits and vegetables are often exposed to undesirable temperature and humidity conditions which often result in increased waste due to weight loss and objectionable appearance. Unwaxed fresh-market slicing cucumbers (cv. Calypso) were harvested from a commercial operation and shipped to a distribution center (DC) in Florida. At the DC, 2 d after harvest, cucumbers were sorted and either commercially machine packaged in expanded polystyrene trays covered with a polyvinylchloride film or remained unpackaged for bulk retail display. Cucumbers were transported the next day by truck to a retail store in Gainesville, collected from the store, and stored under optimum (10 degrees C and 90% RH) or simulated retail display conditions (4 degrees C or 14 degrees C and 90-92% RH). Sensory (visual and instrumental color, firmness, shriveling, chilling injury and decay) and compositional quality (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and chlorophyll contents) were evaluated initially at the DC and after a 4-d simulated retail display period. Overall, bulk cucumbers were softer, appeared more shriveled, and were more affected by pitting and decay than packaged cucumbers. Bulk cucumbers also appeared lighter green and more yellowish than packaged fruit. Hue angle was less in bulk than in packaged cucumbers, but no consistent differences were observed in the L*, chroma, and hue values between the different temperatures. Small variations in the L*, hue, and chroma values compared to significant losses in chlorophyll content suggest that insufficient chlorophyll degradation occurred to cause major visual color changes. The greater weight loss in bulk cucumbers compared to packaged fruit was associated with accelerated chlorophyll degradation, lower acidity, and lower soluble solids content. Although packaged cucumbers had better visual quality than bulk cucumbers, there was higher RH inside the packages and greater development of decay on packaged fruit. Overall, after the 4-d simulated retail display, the appearance of the cucumbers used in this study was considered to be objectionable due to either yellowing, loss of firmness, shriveling or decay, regardless of the treatment. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of using an appropriate protective package in addition to maintaining the optimum temperature during distribution and retail display. Moreover, initial quality evaluation should be performed upon reception at the DC, and before cucumbers are displayed at the retail store, in order to estimate the remaining shelf life before this product becomes unacceptable for sale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nunes, M. Cecilia N.; Yagiz, Yavuz] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Emond, Jean-Pierre] Univ S Florida Polytech, Coll Technol & Innovat, Lakeland, FL 33803 USA. [Dea, Sharon] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Nunes, MCN (reprint author), Univ S Florida Polytech, Coll Human & Social Sci, Lakeland, FL 33803 USA. EM mariacecilia@poly.usf.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 59 IS 3 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.10.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 718LE UT WOS:000287121900011 ER PT J AU Miernyk, JA Pretova, A Olmedilla, A Klubicova, K Obert, B Hajduch, M AF Miernyk, Jan A. Pretova, Anna Olmedilla, Adela Klubicova, Katarina Obert, Bohus Hajduch, Martin TI Using proteomics to study sexual reproduction in angiosperms SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Review DE Electrophoresis; Mass spectrometry; Pollen; Proteins; Proteomics; Seeds ID MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA SEEDS; IMAGING MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLANUM-CHACOENSE BITT; PRUNUS-ARMENIACA L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; MATURE POLLEN; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEOME; STORAGE PROTEINS AB While a relative latecomer to the postgenomics era of functional biology, the application of mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis has increased exponentially over the past 10 years. Some of this increase is the result of transition of chemists, physicists, and mathematicians to the study of biology, and some is due to improved methods, increased instrument sensitivity, and better techniques of bioinformatics-based data analysis. Proteomic Biological processes are typically studied in isolation, and seldom are efforts made to coordinate results obtained using structural, biochemical, and molecular-genetic strategies. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis can serve as a platform to bridge these disparate results and to additionally incorporate both temporal and anatomical considerations. Recently, proteomic analyses have transcended their initial purely descriptive applications and are being employed extensively in studies of posttranslational protein modifications, protein interactions, and control of metabolic networks. Herein, we provide a brief introduction to sample preparation, comparison of gel-based versus gel-free methods, and explanation of data analysis emphasizing plant reproductive applications. We critically review the results from the relatively small number of extant proteomics-based analyses of angiosperm reproduction, from flowers to seedlings, and speculate on the utility of this strategy for future developments and directions. C1 [Miernyk, Jan A.; Pretova, Anna; Klubicova, Katarina; Obert, Bohus; Hajduch, Martin] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Plant Genet & Biotechnol, Nitra 95007, Slovakia. [Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS,Interdisciplinary Plant Grp, Plant Genet Res Unit,Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Olmedilla, Adela] CSIC, Dept Plant Biochem Cell & Mol Biol, Estn Expt Zaidin, Granada, Spain. RP Hajduch, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Plant Genet & Biotechnol, Akad 2,POB 39A, Nitra 95007, Slovakia. EM hajduch@savba.sk RI Adela, Olmedilla/K-6554-2014; OI Obert, Bohus/0000-0002-0695-5575 FU European Union [MIRG-CT-2007-200165]; COST [FAO903]; CSIC-SAS [2007 SK 0001, APVV-0115-07, VEGA 2/0005/08]; National Scholarship Program of the Slovak Republic FX This investigation was supported by Seventh Framework Program of the European Union-International Reintegration Grant (MIRG-CT-2007-200165), COST Action FAO903, Bilateral project CSIC-SAS (2007 SK 0001), Project APVV-0115-07, VEGA 2/0005/08 (Study of the cell events in course of embryo formation in situ and in vitro conditions in Arabidopsis and maize) and is a joint publication within the action COST FA 0903, "Harnessing of Plant Reproduction for Crop improvement,'' a bilateral Spanish-Slovak cooperation (2007-2009) and the Spanish MEC Project (BFU2006-09876/BFI). Support for JAM was in part from the National Scholarship Program of the Slovak Republic, administered by the Slovak Academic Information Agency. The authors thank B. A. McClure, J.J. Thelen, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 137 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s00497-010-0149-5 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 723MU UT WOS:000287511600002 PM 20830489 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Phillips, JG AF Bhaduri, S. Phillips, J. G. TI Growth Model of a Plasmid-Bearing Virulent Strain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Raw Ground Beef SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; ground beef; growth model; validation; virulent plasmid ID PESTIS; INFECTION; ENTEROCOLITICA; ENTERITIS; PLAGUE; CATTLE AB P>The growth kinetics of virulence plasmid-bearing Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YPST) in sterile ground beef were studied at temperatures ranging from 0 to 30 degrees C. In irradiated sterile ground beef, YPST replicated from 0 to 30 degrees C, with corresponding growth rates (GR) ranging from 0.023 to 0.622 log CFU/h at 0-25 degrees C, and the GR was 0.236 log CFU/h at 30 degrees C. The maximum population densities (MPD) ranged from 8.7 to 11.0 log CFU/g. The growth and MPD of YPST were reduced significantly at 30 degrees C. Models for GR and MPD of YPST in raw ground beef (RGB) as a function of storage temperatures were produced and displayed acceptable bias and accuracy. The models were validated with rifampicin-resistant YPST (rif-YPST) in sterile ground beef stored at 4, 10 and 25 degrees C. The observed GR and MPD were within 95% of the predicted values. When compared to non-sterile retail ground beef, the growth of rif-YPST was not inhibited and displayed similar GR at 0, 10 and 25 degrees C and MPDs as sterile ground beef at 10 and 25 degrees C. Moreover, there was no loss of virulence plasmid in YPST during its growth in ground beef indicating that RGB contaminated with virulence plasmid-bearing YPST could cause disease due to refrigeration failure, temperature (10-25 degrees C) abuse, and if the meat was not properly cooked. C1 [Bhaduri, S.] ARS, MFS Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Phillips, J. G.] ARS, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, MFS Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM saumya.bhaduri@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD MAR PY 2011 VL 58 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01271.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 718SP UT WOS:000287146800001 PM 19912603 ER PT J AU Byers, JA Levi-Zada, A AF Byers, John A. Levi-Zada, Anat TI Individual variation of (S)-4-methyl-3-heptanone in heads of braconid wasp, Leiophron uniformis, and Pogonomyrmex ants indicates costs of semiochemical production SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; Parasitoid; Alarm pheromone; Defensive secretion ID LYGUS-HESPERUS; MANDIBULAR GLAND; ALARM PHEROMONES; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; PLANT BUG; MIRIDAE; HETEROPTERA; HYMENOPTERA AB (S)-4-Methyl-3-heptanone is an alarm pheromone released from the mandibular glands in heads of harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.). We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to study the variation in amounts of this ketone among individual ants of a colony. P. barbatus contained about 2,000 ng per head, while only about half of this amount was found in heads of P. rugosus and P. californicus. Individuals of P. barbatus from three different nests contained rather uniform amounts of the alarm pheromone within each colony (16-30% coefficient of variation CV; normal distributions skewed left), but one nest under food stress had a significantly lower mean amount. In contrast, both sexes of a small braconid wasp Leiophron uniformis, a parasitoid of Lygus plant bugs, contained up to 10 ng of the same volatile enantiomer in their heads; and groups of either sex of the wasp exhibited normal distributions of quantities (64% CV, skewed right). The differences in the distributions between parasitoids and ants suggest that related members within a social ant colony may attempt to maintain a uniform level of ketone compared to independent variation in unrelated, solitary wasp individuals. When the wasp's leg was grasped with forceps, it tried to escape and bite the forceps as it ejected (S)-4-methyl-3-heptanone (detected by solid phase microextraction, SPME, and GC-MS). Since adult wasps are nonsocial and feed only on nectar, their sharp piercing mandibles in combination with this escape/biting behavior indicate the ketone is used for defense rather than for an alarm function as in harvester ants. Costs of producing the semiochemical in wasp L. uniformis and ants P. barbatus and P. californicus are suggested since populations exhibited a significant linear increase in the amount of (S)-4-methyl-3-heptanone with an increase in body weight of individuals. C1 [Byers, John A.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Levi-Zada, Anat] Agr Res Org, Inst Plant Protect, Dept Entomol Chem, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM john.byers@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s00049-010-0064-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711PR UT WOS:000286604400005 ER PT J AU Purnell, JQ Klopfenstein, BA Stevens, AA Havel, PJ Adams, SH Dunn, TN Krisky, C Rooney, WD AF Purnell, J. Q. Klopfenstein, B. A. Stevens, A. A. Havel, P. J. Adams, S. H. Dunn, T. N. Krisky, C. Rooney, W. D. TI Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging response to glucose and fructose infusions in humans SO DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE appetite control; glucose metabolism; neuropharmacology ID HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; ACUTE HYPERGLYCEMIA; ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS; FOOD-INTAKE; METABOLISM; INGESTION; CELLS; ACTIVATION AB Methods: Nine healthy, normal weight subjects underwent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI measurements during either intravenous (IV) glucose (0.3 mg/kg), fructose (0.3 mg/kg) or saline, administered over 2 min in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Blood was sampled every 5 min during a baseline period and following infusion for 60 min in total for glucose, fructose, lactate and insulin levels. Results: No significant brain BOLD signal changes were detected in response to IV saline. BOLD signal in the cortical control areas increased during glucose infusion (p = 0.002), corresponding with increased plasma glucose and insulin levels. In contrast, BOLD signal decreased in the cortical control areas during fructose infusion (p = 0.006), corresponding with increases of plasma fructose and lactate. Neither glucose nor fructose infusions significantly altered BOLD signal in the hypothalamus. Conclusion: In normal weight humans, cortical responses as assessed by BOLD fMRI to infused glucose are opposite to those of fructose. Differential brain responses to these sugars and their metabolites may provide insight into the neurologic basis for dysregulation of food intake during high dietary fructose intake. C1 [Purnell, J. Q.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Stevens, A. A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Psychiat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Havel, P. J.; Dunn, T. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Havel, P. J.; Adams, S. H.; Dunn, T. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Adams, S. H.] Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA Agr Res Serv, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. [Krisky, C.; Rooney, W. D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Purnell, JQ (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Dept Med, Mailstop L607,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM purnellj@ohsu.edu FU OHSU Advance Imaging Research Center; NIH [R21 DK073729, R56 DK 88207]; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI); National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR024140]; National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDA-ARS [5306-51530-016-00D]; Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation FX We would like to acknowledge the help of Eun Jung Yi in establishing the fMRI protocols. This work was supported in part by pilot funds through the OHSU Advance Imaging Research Center; NIH grant R21 DK073729 and R56 DK 88207 (J. Q. P.); the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI), grant number UL1 RR024140 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research and USDA-ARS Project 5306-51530-016-00D and a grant from the Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation (S. H. A.). NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-8902 J9 DIABETES OBES METAB JI Diabetes Obes. Metab. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01340.x PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 710LS UT WOS:000286513800005 PM 21205113 ER PT J AU Kubisiak, TL Anderson, CL Amerson, HV Smith, JA Davis, JM Nelson, CD AF Kubisiak, Thomas L. Anderson, Claire L. Amerson, Henry V. Smith, Jason A. Davis, John M. Nelson, C. Dana TI A genomic map enriched for markers linked to Avr1 in Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Avirulence gene; Cronartium quercuum f.sp fusiforme; Fusiform rust; Linkage map; RAPD; Gene-for-gene interaction ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; MELAMPSORA-LARICI-POPULINA; BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; ULTRASTRUCTURAL PACHYTENE KARYOTYPE; PINE-BLISTER RUST; AVIRULENCE GENES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; MAJOR GENE; MOLECULAR MARKERS AB A novel approach is presented to map avirulence gene Avr1 in the basidiomycete Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme, the causal agent of fusiform rust disease in pines. DNA markers tightly linked to resistance gene Fr1 in loblolly pine tree 10-5 were used to classify 10-5 seedling progeny as either resistant or susceptible. A single dikaryotic isolate (P2) heterozygous at the corresponding Avr1 gene was developed by crossing Fr1 avirulent isolate SC20-21 with Fr1 virulent isolate NC2-40. Bulk basidiospore inoculum derived from isolate P2 was used to challenge the pine progeny. The ability to unambiguously marker classify 10-5 progeny as resistant (selecting for virulence) or susceptible (non-selecting) permitted the genetic mapping of the corresponding Avr1 gene by bulked segregant analysis. Using this approach, 14 genetic markers significantly linked to Avr1 were identified and placed within the context of a genome-wide linkage map produced for isolate P2 using samples from susceptible seedlings. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kubisiak, Thomas L.; Nelson, C. Dana] So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Anderson, Claire L.; Smith, Jason A.; Davis, John M.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Amerson, Henry V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 23332 Success Rd, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM tkubisiak@fs.fed.us OI Anderson, Claire/0000-0003-1347-0274 FU Southern Research Station; North Carolina State University; University of Florida [SRS-05-CA-11330126-198, SRS-08-CA-11330126-090] FX We thank Carol Young and the USDA Forest Service Resistance Screening Center for performing fusiform rust inoculations; Charles Burdine, Ann-Marie Clark, Saul Garcia, Angela Gomez, and Kathy Smith for providing skilled technical assistance with pycnial drop collections, DNA extractions, marker analyses, and marker cloning; Paula Spaine and two anonymous reviewers for critical review of a previous draft of the manuscript; and the Southern Research Station, North Carolina State University, and the University of Florida for support of this research through Cooperative Agreements SRS-05-CA-11330126-198 and SRS-08-CA-11330126-090, respectively. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.09.008 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 714XS UT WOS:000286845600005 PM 20888926 ER PT J AU Jin, T Gurtler, JB AF Jin, T. Gurtler, J. B. TI Inactivation of Salmonella in liquid egg albumen by antimicrobial bottle coatings infused with allyl isothiocyanate, nisin and zinc oxide nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottle coating; essential oil; food safety; liquid egg; nisin; packaging; Salmonella; ZnO ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; POLYLACTIC ACID; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; ESSENTIAL OILS; SHELL EGGS; WHOLE EGG; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; FOOD PRESERVATION AB Aims: To develop an antimicrobial bottle coating effective at inhibiting the growth of Salmonella in liquid egg albumen (egg white) and reduce the risk of human Salmonellosis. Methods and Results: Four-ounce glass jars were coated with a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) polymer and antimicrobial compounds containing 100-500 mu l allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), 250 mg nisin, 250 mg zinc oxide nanoparticles per jar or their combinations. The coated jars contained 100 ml of liquid egg white (LEW) inoculated with a three-strain Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica cocktail at populations of 103 or 107 CFU ml-1 and stored at 10 degrees C for 28 days. The PLA coating with 500 mu l AIT completely inactivated 3 and 7 log CFU ml-1 of Salmonella after 7 and 21 days of storage, respectively. The PLA coating with 200 mu l AIT in combination with 250 mg nisin reduced Salmonella populations to an undetectable level (< 10 CFU ml-1) after 21 days of storage. Conclusions: PLA coatings containing AIT alone or in combination with nisin effectively inactivated salmonellae in LEW. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated the commercial potential of applying the antimicrobial bottle coating method to liquid eggs and possibly other fluid food products. C1 [Jin, T.; Gurtler, J. B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Jin, T (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tony.jin@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 FU USDA, ARS [1935-41420-013-00D] FX This study was funded by the USDA, ARS CRIS project 1935-41420-013-00D through ARS National Program 108. The authors thank Anita Parameswaran for technical support. NR 69 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 110 IS 3 BP 704 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04938.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 718BA UT WOS:000287093400011 PM 21205106 ER PT J AU Qu, XS Wanner, LA Christ, BJ AF Qu, X. S. Wanner, L. A. Christ, B. J. TI Multiplex real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of potato powdery and common scab diseases and pathogens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection; potato; real-time PCR; Spongospora subterranea; Streptomyces ID SPONGOSPORA-SUBTERRANEA; PLANT PATHOGENICITY; GENETIC-VARIATION; STREPTOMYCES; SOIL; TUBERS; NEC1; QUANTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; INOCULUM AB Aims: To develop a multiplex real-time PCR assay using TaqMan probes for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of potato powdery scab and common scab, two potato tuber diseases with similar symptoms, and the causal pathogens Spongospora subterranea and plant pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Methods and Results: Real-time PCR primers and a probe for S. subterranea were designed based on the DNA sequence of the ribosomal RNA ITS2 region. Primers and a probe for pathogenic Streptomyces were designed based on the DNA sequence of the txtAB genes. The two sets of primer pairs and probes were used in a single real-time PCR assay. The multiplex real-time PCR assay was confirmed to be specific for S. subterranea and pathogenic Streptomyces. The assay detected DNA quantities of 100 fg for each of the two pathogens and linear responses and high correlation coefficients between the amount of DNA and C(t) values for each pathogen were achieved. The presence of two sets of primer pairs and probes and of plant extracts did not alter the sensitivity and efficiency of multiplex PCR amplification. Using the PCR assay, we could discriminate between powdery scab and common scab tubers with similar symptoms. Common scab and powdery scab were detected in some tubers with no visible symptoms. Mixed infections of common scab and powdery scab on single tubers were also revealed. Conclusions: This multiplex real-time PCR assay is a rapid, cost efficient, specific and sensitive tool for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of the two pathogens on infected potato tubers when visual symptoms are inconclusive or not present. Significance and Impact of the Study: Accurate and quick identification and discrimination of the cause of scab diseases on potatoes will provide critical information to potato growers and researchers for disease management. This is important because management strategies for common and powdery scab diseases are very different. C1 [Qu, X. S.; Christ, B. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wanner, L. A.] ARS, USDA, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Christ, BJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ebf@psu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [1275-21220-250-00D]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Potato Program FX This research was supported by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Potato Program and by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 1275-21220-250-00D. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 110 IS 3 BP 769 EP 777 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04930.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 718BA UT WOS:000287093400018 PM 21205099 ER PT J AU Huang, W Wheeler, GS Purcell, MF Ding, JQ AF Huang, Wei Wheeler, Gregory S. Purcell, Matthew F. Ding, Jianqing TI The host range and impact of Bikasha collaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a promising candidate agent for biological control of Chinese tallow, Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) in the United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Triadica sebifera; Euphorbiaceae; Bikasha collaris; Chrysomelidae; Host specificity; Impact; China AB Native to China, the Chinese tallow, Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) is an aggressive woody invader in the southeastern United States. The flea beetle, Bikasha collaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a common herbivore attacking this plant in China. To evaluate its potential as a biological control agent the host specificity and impact were studied in China. The potential host range of B. collaris was evaluated on 68 plant species in 20 families through no-choice and choice tests. Adults only survived and fed on plants from the genus Triadica while larvae only developed successfully on T. sebifera in no-choice tests. Under choice conditions, adults showed a distinct preference for T. sebifera over other Triadica species. The impact of the above- and belowground herbivory on the growth of T. sebifera was evaluated in a common garden. B. collaris could reduce stem height, total biomass, number of leaves and stem diameter at a density of 10 individuals per plant. Above-and belowground herbivory had similar effects on plant growth parameters. The results of this study suggested that B. collaris is a potential biological control agent of T. sebifera though further tests on native North American species are needed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Wei; Ding, Jianqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan Bot Inst, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Huang, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Wheeler, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Purcell, Matthew F.] CSIRO Entomol, USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. RP Ding, JQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan Bot Inst, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM dingjianqing@yahoo.com RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences; Florida Department of Environmental Protection [SL849] FX We thank Hongjun Dai, Yi Wang, Xinmin Lu and Shunliang Feng for their assistance in lab and field work. We thank Shuyong Wang for identifying the insects used in these studies and Evan Siemann for assisting with statistic analysis. We are grateful for comments by the Handling Editor and two anonymous referees that improved the early version of this manuscript. This study was supported by the 100 Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (to J. Ding), and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (SL849 to G. Wheeler). NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.11.014 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 705ZL UT WOS:000286179700004 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Liu, TX Buchman, JL Munyaneza, JE Goolsby, JA Horton, DR AF Lacey, L. A. Liu, T. -X. Buchman, J. L. Munyaneza, J. E. Goolsby, J. A. Horton, D. R. TI Entomopathogenic fungi (Hypocreales) for control of potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in an area endemic for zebra chip disease of potato SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Isaria fumosorosea; Metarhizium anisopliae; Solanum tuberosum; Hypocreales ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BEMISIA-TABACI; HOMOPTERA; INSECTICIDES; ASSOCIATION; REPELLENCY; MORTALITY; PATHOGENS AB Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is a serious pest of potato and other solanaceous vegetables in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand and is responsible for transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum which causes a disease known as "zebra chip'' (ZC). Entomopathogenic fungi could provide a viable component for an integrated pest management strategy for control of B. cockerelli and other potato pest insects. Three field trials of commercial formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae (F 52 (R), Novozymes Biologicals) and Isaria fumosorosea (Pfr 97 (R), Certis USA) and abamectin ( Agri-Mek (R), Syngenta, USA) were conducted in Weslaco, Texas. Rates are expressed in quantity of product delivered in 375-470 l of water/ha. F 52 applied at 0.51, 1.1, and 2.2 l/ha and Agri-Mek applied at 584 ml/ha produced reductions of B. cockerelli eggs and nymphs of 45%, 59%, 67%, and 63%, respectively. Only Agri-Mek significantly reduced plant damage. Pfr 97 at 1.1 kg/ha with and without 1% Trilogy (R) (neem oil, Certis, USA), and Agri-Mek at 584 ml/ha resulted in psyllid reductions of 78%, 76%, and 84%, respectively. Significantly decreased plant damage and ZC symptoms were observed for all treatments. Tuber yields for Pfr plus Trilogy and Agri-Mek were significantly higher than the control. F 52 applied at 1.1 and 2.2 l/ha and Pfr 97 at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha produced 62%, 62%, 66%, and 65% reduction, respectively. Tuber yield for both rates of Pfr and the high rate of F 52 were significantly higher than the control. All fungal treatments significantly reduced plant damage and ZC symptoms. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lacey, L. A.; Buchman, J. L.; Munyaneza, J. E.; Horton, D. R.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Liu, T. -X.] Texas A&M Univ, AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Goolsby, J. A.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Lerry.Lacey@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; IR4 project FX We are grateful for Center support from John Adamczyk and for technical support from Heather Headrick, Jose Martinez, Andy Cruz, Antonio Pena and Enrique Huerta. The constructive reviews of our manuscript by Don Hostetter, Steve Garczynski, Steven Arthurs and Cindy Lacey are appreciated. This research was supported by funding from the USDA and the IR4 project. We thank Novozymes and Certis for furnishing their formulations. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.11.012 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 705ZL UT WOS:000286179700009 ER PT J AU Seagraves, MP Riedell, WE Lundgren, JG AF Seagraves, Michael P. Riedell, Walter E. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Oviposition Preference for Water-Stressed Plants in Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Orius insidiosus; reproduction; oviposition; omnivory; biological control; drought stress; plant-stress hypothesis; turgor pressure; water-stressed plants; predator ID NATURAL ENEMIES; BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SITE SELECTION; OMNIVOROUS BUG; FEEDING-HABITS; AMINO-ACIDS; PREDATOR; PERFORMANCE; INSECTS AB Plant species affect the oviposition behavior of the zoophytophagous predator Orius insidiosus. This study was conducted to determine whether manipulating plant quality, via stress, within a single plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) would affect the oviposition behavior of O. insidiosus and the subsequent performance of its offspring. Plants that had water withheld (water-stressed treatment) had about 20% less total dry weight than plants that were watered to alleviate the drought stress (unstressed treatment). In comparison to unstressed plants, unifoliolate leaves and petioles of water-stressed plants had about 20 and 12% less relative water content, 54 and 29% greater sap osmotic potential, and 19 and 70% greater concentrations of amino-nitrogen, respectively. Reproductive O. insidiosus were then presented stressed and unstressed plants in a two choice test to determine oviposition preference. First instar survival on the two treatments was evaluated in no-choice tests. Orius insidiosus laid 70% more eggs per cm(2) on the stressed plants. The lifespan of newly-hatched nymphs was the same in both treatments. Eggs were more frequently laid on the leaf vein than the petiole of unstressed plants, whereas in stressed plants oviposition on these parts occurred at equal frequency. These findings suggest that physiological changes in water-stressed bean plants created conditions more favorable for O. insidiosus oviposition. As there was no increase in offspring performance, it is hypothesized that females chose oviposition sites near preferred feeding sites or plant tissues that were less prone to desiccation. C1 [Riedell, Walter E.; Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10905-010-9242-8 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 706IN UT WOS:000286211700005 ER PT J AU Shi, XM Li, XJ Wang, Y Zhang, KY Zhou, FG Chan, L Li, DF Guan, XF AF Shi, Xuemei Li, Xiaojie Wang, Yi Zhang, Keying Zhou, Fuguo Chan, Lawrence Li, Defa Guan, Xinfu TI Glucagon-like peptide-2-stimulated protein synthesis through the PI 3-kinase-dependent Akt-mTOR signaling pathway SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Akt; mammalian target of rapamycin ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; INTESTINAL-CELL SURVIVAL; GLP-2 RECEPTOR; PEPTIDE 2; NEONATAL PIGLETS; ENTERIC NEURONS; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; BLOOD-FLOW; GROWTH; PROLIFERATION AB Shi X, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zhou F, Chan L, Li D, Guan X. Glucagon-like peptide-2-stimulated protein synthesis through the PI 3-kinase-dependent Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 300: E554-E563, 2011. First published December 21, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00620.2010.-Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a nutrient-responsive neuropeptide that exerts diverse actions in the gastrointestinal tract, including enhancing mucosal cell survival and proliferation. GLP-2 stimulates mucosal growth in vivo with an increased rate of protein synthesis. However, it was unclear whether GLP-2 can directly stimulate protein synthesis. The objective was to test critically whether GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) activation directly stimulates protein synthesis through a PI 3-kinase-dependent Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. HEK 293 cells (transfected with human GLP-2R cDNA) were treated with human GLP-2 with/without pretreatment of PI 3-kinase inhibitor (LY-294002) or mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin). Results show that 1) GLP-2 specifically bound to GLP-2R overexpressed in the HEK cells with K(a) = 0.22 nM and B(max) = 321 fmol/mu g protein; 2) GLP-2-stimulated protein synthesis was dependent on the amount of GLP-2R cDNA and the dosage of GLP-2 and reached the plateau among 0.2-2 nM GLP-2; 3) GLP-2-stimulated protein synthesis was abolished by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor; and 4) GLP-2-mediated stimulation of phosphorylation on Akt and mTOR was dependent on the amount of GLP-2R cDNA transfected and the dosage of GLP-2. In addition, GLP-2-mediated action and signaling in regulation of protein synthesis were confirmed in mouse hippocampal neurons (expressing native GLP-2R). GLP- 2 directly stimulated protein synthesis of primary cultured neurons in dosage-dependent, PI 3-kinase-dependent, and rapamycin-sensitive manners, which linked with activation of Aktm-TOR signaling pathway as well. We conclude that GLP-2R activation directly stimulates protein synthesis by activating the PI 3-kinase-dependent Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. GLP-2-stimulated protein synthesis may be physiologically relevant to maintaining neuronal long-term potentiation and providing secondary mediators (namely neuropeptides or growth factors). C1 [Shi, Xuemei; Li, Xiaojie; Wang, Yi; Zhang, Keying; Zhou, Fuguo; Guan, Xinfu] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chan, Lawrence; Guan, Xinfu] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Li, Xiaojie; Wang, Yi; Li, Defa] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Keying] Sichuan Agr Univ, Inst Anim Nutr, Yaan, Peoples R China. RP Guan, XF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM xguan@bcm.edu FU USDA/ARS [6250-51000-043]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-075489, DK-084125]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30728016] FX This work was supported by the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 6250-51000-043, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grants DK-075489 and DK-084125, and National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 30728016 (X. Guan). NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 300 IS 3 BP E554 EP E563 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00620.2010 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 727KA UT WOS:000287796200014 PM 21177288 ER PT J AU Gryniewicz-Ruzicka, CM Arzhantsev, S Pelster, LN Westenberger, BJ Buhse, LF Kauffman, JF AF Gryniewicz-Ruzicka, Connie M. Arzhantsev, Sergey Pelster, Lindsey N. Westenberger, Benjamin J. Buhse, Lucinda F. Kauffman, John F. TI Multivariate Calibration and Instrument Standardization for the Rapid Detection of Diethylene Glycol in Glycerin by Raman Spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Portable Raman spectrometers; Rapid screening; Partial least squares regression; PLS; Calibration transfer; Piecewise direct standardization; PDS; Pharmaceutical analysis; Glycerin ID INFRARED SPECTROMETRIC INSTRUMENTS; ALGORITHM; NIR AB The transfer of a multivariate calibration model for quantitative determination of diethylene glycol (DEG) contaminant in pharmaceutical-grade glycerin between five portable Raman spectrometers was accomplished using piecewise direct standardization (PDS). The calibration set was developed using a multi-range ternary mixture design with successively reduced impurity concentration ranges. It was found that optimal selection of calibration transfer standards using the Kennard-Stone algorithm also required application of the algorithm to multiple successively reduced impurity concentration ranges. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed using the calibration set measured independently on each of the five spectrometers. The performance of the models was evaluated based on the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), calculated using independent validation samples. An F-test showed that no statistical differences in the variances were observed between models developed on different instruments. Direct cross-instrument prediction without standardization was performed between a single primary instrument and each of the four secondary instruments to evaluate the robustness of the primary instrument calibration model. Significant increases in the RMSEP values for the secondary instruments were observed due to instrument variability. Application of piecewise direct standardization using the optimal calibration transfer subset resulted in the lowest values of RMSEP for the secondary instruments. Using the optimal calibration transfer subset, an optimized calibration model was developed using a subset of the original calibration set, resulting in a DEG detection limit of 0.32% across all five instruments. C1 [Gryniewicz-Ruzicka, Connie M.; Arzhantsev, Sergey; Pelster, Lindsey N.; Westenberger, Benjamin J.; Buhse, Lucinda F.; Kauffman, John F.] USDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Pharmaceut Anal, St Louis, MO 63101 USA. RP Gryniewicz-Ruzicka, CM (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Pharmaceut Anal, St Louis, MO 63101 USA. EM connie.ruzicka@fda.hhs.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 334 EP 341 DI 10.1366/10-05976 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 729JO UT WOS:000287945700014 PM 21352655 ER PT J AU Moulton, MP Cropper, WP Avery, ML AF Moulton, Michael P. Cropper, Wendell P., Jr. Avery, Michael L. TI A reassessment of the role of propagule pressure in influencing fates of passerine introductions to New Zealand SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Introduced passerines; Propagule pressure; New Zealand; Historical records ID OCEANIC ISLANDS; MORPHOLOGICAL ASSORTMENT; BIRD INTRODUCTIONS; HAWAIIAN AVIFAUNA; SEXUAL SELECTION; INVASION SUCCESS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; EXOTIC BIRDS; SAINT-HELENA; COMPETITION AB Several studies have argued that principal factor in determining the fate of bird introductions is introduction effort. In large part, these studies have emerged from analyses of historical records from a single place-New Zealand. Here we raise two concerns about these conclusions. First, we argue that although many bird species were introduced repeatedly to New Zealand, in many cases the introductions apparently occurred only after the species were already successfully naturalized. The inclusion of such seemingly superfluous introductions may exaggerate the importance of propagule pressure. And second, we question the reliability of the records themselves. In many cases these records are equivocal, as inconsistencies appear in separate studies of the same records. Our analysis indicates that species were successful not because they were introduced frequently and in high numbers, but rather it is likely that they were introduced frequently and in high numbers because the initial releases were successful. C1 [Moulton, Michael P.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cropper, Wendell P., Jr.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Moulton, MP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM moultonm@ufl.edu RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010; OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382; Moulton, Michael/0000-0003-4041-9343 NR 63 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 607 EP 623 DI 10.1007/s10531-010-9969-8 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723JW UT WOS:000287503800010 ER PT J AU Samaniuk, JR Scott, CT Root, TW Klingenberg, DJ AF Samaniuk, Joseph R. Scott, C. Tim Root, Thatcher W. Klingenberg, Daniel J. TI The effect of high intensity mixing on the enzymatic hydrolysis of concentrated cellulose fiber suspensions SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lignocellulosic biomass; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Mixing; Cellulase; Corn stover ID BIOMASS SLURRIES; YIELD-STRESS; SHEAR FIELDS; DILUTE-ACID; LIGNOCELLULOSE; BINDING AB Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in a high shear environment was examined. The conversion of cellulose to glucose in samples mixed in a torque rheometer producing shear flows similar to those found in twin screw extruders was greater than that of unmixed samples. In addition, there is a synergistic effect of mixing and enzymatic hydrolysis; mixing increases the rate of cellulose conversion while the increased conversion facilitates mixing. The synergy appears to result in part from particle size reduction, which is more significant when hydrolysis occurs during intense mixing. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Samaniuk, Joseph R.; Root, Thatcher W.; Klingenberg, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Scott, C. Tim] US Forest Serv, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Samaniuk, JR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 4725 Engn Hall,1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM samaniuk@wisc.edu; tscott@fs.fed.us; thatcher@engr.wisc.edu; klingen@engr.wisc.edu RI Samaniuk, Joseph/C-4773-2014 FU US Department of Agriculture [2006-35504-17401, 2010-65504-20406] FX This project was supported by the US Department of Agriculture (NRI award number 2006-35504-17401 and AFRI award number 2010-65504-20406). NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 102 IS 6 BP 4489 EP 4494 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.117 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 734SB UT WOS:000288356300030 PM 21256736 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, JMC Anderson, JM Manoukis, NC Meng, ZJ Francischetti, IMB AF Ribeiro, Jose M. C. Anderson, Jennifer M. Manoukis, Nicholas C. Meng, Zhaojing Francischetti, Ivo M. B. TI A further insight into the sialome of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID THYROGLOBULIN TYPE-1 DOMAINS; VECTOR IXODES-SCAPULARIS; RICH SECRETORY PROTEINS; SALIVARY-GLAND; SOFT TICK; HAEMAPHYSALIS-LONGICORNIS; 5'-NUCLEOTIDASE FAMILY; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; CYSTEINE PROTEINASES; ORNITHODOROS-MOUBATA AB Background: Ticks-vectors of medical and veterinary importance-are themselves also significant pests. Tick salivary proteins are the result of adaptation to blood feeding and contain inhibitors of blood clotting, platelet aggregation, and angiogenesis, as well as vasodilators and immunomodulators. A previous analysis of the sialotranscriptome (from the Greek sialo, saliva) of Amblyomma variegatum is revisited in light of recent advances in tick sialomes and provides a database to perform a proteomic study. Results: The clusterized data set has been expertly curated in light of recent reviews on tick salivary proteins, identifying many new families of tick-exclusive proteins. A proteome study using salivary gland homogenates identified 19 putative secreted proteins within a total of 211 matches. Conclusions: The annotated sialome of A. variegatum allows its comparison to other tick sialomes, helping to consolidate an emerging pattern in the salivary composition of metastriate ticks; novel protein families were also identified. Because most of these proteins have no known function, the task of functional analysis of these proteins and the discovery of novel pharmacologically active compounds becomes possible. C1 [Ribeiro, Jose M. C.; Anderson, Jennifer M.; Manoukis, Nicholas C.; Francischetti, Ivo M. B.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Manoukis, Nicholas C.] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. [Meng, Zhaojing] Natl Canc Inst Frederick, Lab Prote & Analyt Technol, SAIC Frederick Inc, NIH, Frederick, MD USA. RP Ribeiro, JMC (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. EM jribeiro@niaid.nih.gov OI Manoukis, Nicholas/0000-0001-5062-7256 FU Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. We thank NIAID intramural editor Brenda Rae Marshall for assistance. NR 100 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 136 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-136 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 736JJ UT WOS:000288489900001 PM 21362191 ER PT J AU Kim, KC Jang, H Sauer, J Zimmerly, EM Liu, ZH Chanson, A Smith, DE Friso, S Choi, SW AF Kim, Kyong-Chol Jang, Hyeran Sauer, Julia Zimmerly, Ella M. Liu, Zhenhua Chanson, Aurelie Smith, Donald E. Friso, Simonetta Choi, Sang-Woon TI Folate supplementation differently affects uracil content in DNA in the mouse colon and liver SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Folate; Uracil; Thymidine; Colon; Liver; Mice ID FED METHYL-DEFICIENT; ACID-DEFINED DIETS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; FOLIC-ACID; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; EXCISION-REPAIR; AMINO-ACIDS; CANCER; DAMAGE; RATS AB High folate intake may increase the risk of cancer, especially in the elderly. The present study examined the effects of ageing and dietary folate on uracil misincorporation into DNA, which has a mutagenic effect, in the mouse colon and liver. Old (18 months; n 42) and young (4 months; n 42) male C57BL/6 mice were pair-fed with four different amino acid-defined diets for 20 weeks: folate deplete (0 mg/kg diet); folate replete (2 mg/kg diet); folate supplemented (8 mg/kg diet); folate deplete (0 mg/kg diet) with thymidine supplementation (1.8 g/kg diet). Thymidylate synthesis from uracil requires folate, but synthesis from thymidine is folate independent. Liver folate concentrations were determined by the Lactobacillus casei assay. Uracil misincorporation into DNA was measured by a GC/MS method. Liver folate concentrations demonstrated a stepwise increase across the spectrum of dietary folate levels in both old (P=0.003) and young (P<0.001) mice. Uracil content in colonic DNA was paradoxically increased in parallel with increasing dietary folate among the young mice (P trend=0.033), but differences were not observed in the old mice. The mean values of uracil in liver DNA, in contrast, decreased with increasing dietary folate among the old mice, but it did not reach a statistically significant level (P<0.1). Compared with the folate-deplete group, thymidine supplementation reduced uracil misincorporation into the liver DNA of aged mice (P=0.026). The present study suggests that the effects of folate and thymidine supplementation on uracil misincorporation into DNA differ depending on age and tissue. Further studies are needed to clarify the significance of increased uracil misincorporation into colonic DNA of folate-supplemented young mice. C1 [Jang, Hyeran; Sauer, Julia; Zimmerly, Ella M.; Liu, Zhenhua; Chanson, Aurelie; Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kim, Kyong-Chol] Mizmedi Hosp, Dept Family Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Smith, Donald E.] Tufts Univ, Comparat Biol Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Friso, Simonetta] Univ Verona, Sch Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sang.choi@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [581950-9-001]; National Institute of Health [R21 AA016681, R01 AG025834] FX The present study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 581950-9-001. Any opinions, findings, conclusion or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. The authors have no conflicts of interest. This project has been supported in part by the National Institute of Health Grants R21 AA016681 and R01 AG025834 (S.-W. C.). All authors participated in the conception, design and conduction of the study as well as in the interpretation of the data and drafting the manuscript. K.-C. K., H. J. and S.-W. C. also performed the generation, collection and analysis of the data. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 105 IS 5 BP 688 EP 693 DI 10.1017/S0007114510004332 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 724WC UT WOS:000287606000005 PM 21251336 ER PT J AU Ramseyer, DD Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Ramseyer, Daniel D. Bettge, Arthur D. Morris, Craig F. TI Distribution of Total, Water-Unextractable, and Water-Extractable Arabinoxylans in Wheat Flour Mill Streams SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEALTHGRAIN DIVERSITY SCREEN; SOFT WHEAT; DIETARY FIBER; BAKING PROPERTIES; OXIDASE ACTIVITY; BREAD-MAKING; FRACTIONS; PENTOSANS; MILLSTREAMS; QUALITY AB Arabinoxylans are a minor but important constituent in wheat that affects bread quality, foam stability, batter viscosity, and sugar snap cookie diameter. Therefore, it is important to determine the distribution of arabinoxylans in flour mill streams to better formulate flour blends. Thirty-one genetically pure grain lots representing six wheat classifications common to the western U.S. were milled on a Miag Multomat pilot mill, and 10 flour mill streams were collected from each. A two-way ANOVA indicated that mill streams were a greater source of variation compared to grain lots for total arabinoxylans (TAX), water-unextractable arabinoxylans (WUAX), and water-extractable arabinoxylans (WEAX). TAX and WUAX were highly correlated with ash at r = 0.94 and r = 0.94, respectively; while the correlation for WEAX and ash decreased in magnitude at r = 0.60. However, the 5th middlings mill streams exhibited disparity between TAX and ash content as well as between WUAX and ash content. This may indicate that TAX and WUAX in mill streams are not always the result of bran contamination. Cumulative extraction curves for TAX, WUAX and WEAX revealed increasing gradients of arabinoxylans parallel to extraction rate. Therefore, arabinoxylans may be an indicator of flour refinement. C1 [Ramseyer, Daniel D.; Bettge, Arthur D.; Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ramseyer, Daniel D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-10-10-0148 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 747RL UT WOS:000289337000015 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Robbe-Austerman, S AF Stabel, J. R. Robbe-Austerman, S. TI Early Immune Markers Associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis Infection in a Neonatal Calf Model SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; JOHNES-DISEASE; ANGORA-GOATS; LONG-TERM; T-CELLS; EXPRESSION; CATTLE; CALVES; MACROPHAGES AB The objective of this study was to observe early markers of cell-mediated immunity in nave calves infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how expression of these markers evolved over the 12-month period of infection. Groups for experimental infection included control (noninfected), oral (infected orally with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K-10), oral/DXM (pretreatment with dexamethasone before oral inoculation), intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, and oral/M (oral inoculation with mucosal scrapings from a cow with clinical disease) groups. One of the earliest markers to emerge was antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Only i.p. inoculated calves had detectable antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses at 7 days, with responses of the other infection groups becoming detectable at 90 and 120 days. All infection groups maintained robust IFN-gamma responses for the remainder of the study. At 1 month, calves in the oral and oral/M groups had higher antigen-stimulated interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels than calves in the other treatment groups, but IL-10 secretion declined by 12 months for all calves. T-cell activation markers such as CD25, CD26, CD45RO, and CD5 were significantly upregulated in infected calves compared to noninfected controls. Oral inoculation of calves resulted in significantly increased antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation at 9 and 12 months, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) secretion at 6 and 12 months. These results demonstrate that infection of nave calves with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis invoked early immunologic responses characterized by robust antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses and induction of CD25 and CD45RO expression on T-cell subsets. These were followed by antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, iNOS secretion, and expression of CD26 and CD5(bright) markers in the latter part of the 12-month study. C1 [Stabel, J. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Robbe-Austerman, S.] USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave,Bldg 20, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRICAP FX This study was supported by a USDA-NRICAP (Johne's Disease Integrated Program) grant. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 3 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1128/CVI.00359-10 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 729CH UT WOS:000287925100007 PM 21228140 ER PT J AU Yan, JB Warburton, M Crouch, J AF Yan, Jianbing Warburton, Marilyn Crouch, Jonathan TI Association Mapping for Enhancing Maize (Zea mays L.) Genetic Improvement SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ART. NO. 19; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FLOWERING-TIME; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CROP IMPROVEMENT; INBRED LINES; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY AB Association mapping through linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis is a powerful tool for the dissection of complex agronomic traits and for the identification of alleles that can contribute to the enhancement of a target trait. With the developments of high throughput genotyping techniques and advanced statistical approaches as well as the assembling and characterization of multiple association mapping panels, maize has become the model crop for association analysis. In this paper, we summarize progress in maize association mapping and the impacts of genetic diversity, rate of LD decay, population size, and population structure. We also review the use of candidate genes and gene-based markers in maize association mapping studies that has generated particularly promising results. In addition, we examine recent developments in genome-wide genotyping techniques that promise to improve the power of association mapping and significantly refine our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex quantitative traits. The new challenges and opportunities associated with genome-wide analysis studies are discussed. In conclusion, we review the current and future impacts of association mapping on maize improvement along with the potential benefits for poor people in developing countries who are dependent on this crop for their food security and livelihoods. C1 [Yan, Jianbing] China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr China, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Yan, Jianbing; Crouch, Jonathan] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Warburton, Marilyn] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Yan, JB (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr China, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM yjianbing@gmail.com FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China FX Helpful comments were provided by Drs. Peter Balint-Kurti (USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina), Rowena Y. Kelley (Mississippi State University), and Ian Mackay (NIAB) during the development of this paper. We also thank Ms. Qing Li for preparation of the Table 1. The development of this paper was supported in part by the Drought-Tolerant Maize for Africa project, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China. NR 127 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 60 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 51 IS 2 BP 433 EP 449 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0233 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 723BJ UT WOS:000287480900007 ER PT J AU Engeman, R Betsill, C Ray, T AF Engeman, Richard Betsill, Carl Ray, Tom TI Making Contact: Rooting Out the Potential for Exposure of Commercial Production Swine Facilities to Feral Swine in North Carolina SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE disease exposure; feral hog; invasive species; pork production; pseudorabies; swine brucellosis ID AUJESZKYS-DISEASE; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION AB Despite North Carolina's long history with feral swine, populations were low or absent in eastern counties until the 1990s. Feral swine populations have since grown in these counties which also contain a high density of commercial production swine (CPS) facilities. Sixteen of the highest swine producing U.S. counties also populated with feral swine are in North Carolina. Disconcertingly, since 2009, positive tests for exposure to swine brucellosis or pseudorabies virus have been found for feral swine. We surveyed 120 CSP facilities across four eastern counties to document the level and perception of feral swine activity around CSP facilities and to identify disease transmission potential to commercial stock. Nearly all facility operators (97%) recognized feral swine were in their counties. Far fewer said they had feral swine activity nearby (18%). Our inspections found higher presence than perceived with feral swine sign at 19% of facilities where operators said they had never observed feral swine or their sign. Nearly 90% expressed concern about feral to domestic disease transmission, yet only two facilities had grain bins or feeders fenced against wildlife access. Due to increasing feral swine populations, recent evidence of disease in feral populations, the importance of swine production to North Carolina's economy and the national pork industry, and potential for feral-domestic contact, we believe feral swine pose an increasing disease transmission threat warranting a stringent look at biosecurity and feral swine management at North Carolina CPS facilities. C1 [Engeman, Richard] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Betsill, Carl] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. [Ray, Tom] NCDA & CS, Vet Div, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Engeman, R (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10393-011-0688-8 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862PI UT WOS:000298105300008 PM 21598058 ER PT J AU Dong, G Guo, JX Chen, JQ Sun, G Gao, S Hu, LJ Wang, YL AF Dong, Gang Guo, Jixun Chen, Jiquan Sun, Ge Gao, Song Hu, Liangjun Wang, Yunlong TI Effects of Spring Drought on Carbon Sequestration, Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency in the Songnen Meadow Steppe in Northeast China SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE spring drought; net ecosystem CO2 exchange; water use efficiency; meadow steppe; eddy covariance ID ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CO2 EXCHANGE; TUSSOCK GRASSLAND; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; INNER-MONGOLIA; VARIABILITY; RESPIRATION; RESPONSES AB Global climate change projections suggest an increasing frequency of droughts and extreme rain events in the steppes of the Eurasian region. Using the eddy covariance method, we measured carbon and water balances of a meadow steppe ecosystem in Northeast China during 2 years which had contrasting precipitation patterns in spring seasons in 2007 and 2008. The meadow steppe sequestrated only 64.2 gC m(-2) year(-1) in 2007 compared to 160.5 gC m(-2) year(-1) in 2008, due to a severe spring drought in 2007. The 2007 spring drought resulted in a dramatic reduction of leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, the meadow steppe still acted as a carbon sink in 2007. The strength of the sink was much greater than that in the typical steppes in Central Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Spring drought also caused a reduction of plant transpiration (Tr) and total ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET). However, the suppression of ET in 2007 was relatively small in comparison to gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) reduction. Thus, ecosystem water use efficiency (WEU) (GEP/ET) in 2007 was reduced to 5.0 gCO(2) kg(-1) H2O or 75% of that of 2008. We concluded that spring drought detrimentally impacted meadow steppe ecosystem by reducing leaf areas, biomass, GEP, WUE and associated increases in soil evaporation (Es) that might aggravate soil salinization of the Songnen Plain. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dong, Gang; Guo, Jixun; Gao, Song; Hu, Liangjun] NE Normal Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Wang, Yunlong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Guo, JX (reprint author), NE Normal Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, 5268 Renmin St, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China. EM gjixun@nenu.edu.cn RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 FU National Key Basic Research Program [2007CB106801]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30590382, 30870238]; US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC) through the USDA FX This research was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (2007CB106801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30590382, 30870238), and the US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC) through the USDA's Southern Global Change Program. Sincere thanks go to Dennis Baldocchi, Ray Desjardins, Kyaw Tha Paw U, Steve McNulty, Bin Zhao and Haiqiang Guo for their useful comments and valuable suggestions on previous versions of the manuscript. Many thanks to Shicheng Jiang and Hongmei Bi for their assistance with data collection and fieldwork. We also greatly appreciate the careful reviews by two anonymous reviewers. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.1002/eco.200 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900007 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Li, H Chen, JQ Cheng, XL Liu, SR An, SQ AF Xu, Qing Li, Harbin Chen, Jiquan Cheng, Xiaoli Liu, Shirong An, Shuqing TI Water use patterns of three species in subalpine forest, Southwest China: the deuterium isotope approach SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE water use strategies; stable deuterium isotope; soil water distribution; root distribution; Wolong Natural Reserve ID SOIL-WATER; STABLE-ISOTOPE; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; DESERT PLANTS; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; COLORADO PLATEAU; ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITY; TREES; RESPONSES AB Determination of water sources of plant species in a community is critical for understanding the hydrological processes and their importance in ecosystem functions. Such partitioning of plant xylem water into specific sources (i.e. precipitation, groundwater) can be achieved by analysing deuterium isotopic composition (delta D) values for source waters. A subalpine dark coniferous forest in southwestern China was selected to examine water use strategies of three key species. Our objectives are to: (1) determine contributions of rainfall and groundwater to soil and xylem water and (2) examine effects of rain, days after rain, soil depth, and species on such contributions. We found that the three species tend to have different, but complementary water use patterns. The dominant canopy tree of Abies faxoniana relies primarily on groundwater (i.e. 66-96% of its water sources) and does not change its dependency on groundwater between seasons. In contrast, the midstory Betula utilis and the understory Bashania fangiana depend predominantly on rainwater (i.e. 13-94% and 32-93%, respectively), and tend to use water opportunistically, switching to groundwater as the main source under stressful conditions during the dry season. The complementary and, for some species, shifting water use strategies and the lack of dependency on rainwater by the foundation species of the subalpine coniferous forest ecosystem should act together to promote species co-existence and maintain community resiliency under potentially increasing water stress caused by climate change. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Xu, Qing; Liu, Shirong] Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Lab Forest Ecol & Environm, State Forestry Adm, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Li, Harbin] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Landscape & Ecosyst Sci LEES, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Cheng, Xiaoli] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [An, Shuqing] Nanjing Univ, Coll Life Sci, Lab Forest Ecol & Global Change, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Lab Forest Ecol & Environm, State Forestry Adm, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM xuqing@caf.ac.cn RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 FU China Natural Science Foundation [30771712]; National Basic Research Projects [2002CB111504]; China State Forestry Administration [2006-4-04, 200804001] FX This study was jointly supported by the China Natural Science Foundation (No. 30771712), the National Basic Research Projects (No. 2002CB111504), the China State Forestry Administration 948 Project (No. 2006-4-04), and the China State Forestry Administration (No. 200804001). NR 50 TC 14 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1002/eco.179 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900009 ER PT J AU Sun, G Alstad, K Chen, JQ Chen, SP Ford, CR Lin, GH Liu, CF Lu, N McNulty, SG Miao, HX Noormets, A Vose, JM Wilske, B Zeppel, M Zhang, Y Zhang, ZQ AF Sun, Ge Alstad, Karrin Chen, Jiquan Chen, Shiping Ford, Chelcy R. Lin, Guanghui Liu, Chenfeng Lu, Nan McNulty, Steven G. Miao, Haixia Noormets, Asko Vose, James M. Wilske, Burkhard Zeppel, Melanie Zhang, Yan Zhang, Zhiqiang TI A general predictive model for estimating monthly ecosystem evapotranspiration SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; ET; eddy flux; modelling; sapflow; water balance ID MEAN ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SCALE WATER-BALANCE; EDDY COVARIANCE; INNER-MONGOLIA; SAP-FLOW; STAND TRANSPIRATION; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; POPLAR PLANTATION; ANNUAL STREAMFLOW AB Accurately quantifying evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for modelling regional-scale ecosystem water balances. This study assembled an ET data set estimated from eddy flux and sapflow measurements for 13 ecosystems across a large climatic and management gradient from the United States, China, and Australia. Our objectives were to determine the relationships among monthly measured actual ET (ET), calculated FAO-56 grass reference ET (ETo), measured precipitation (P), and leaf area index (LAI)-one associated key parameter of ecosystem structure. Results showed that the growing season ET from wet forests was generally higher than ETo while those from grasslands or woodlands in the and and semi-arid regions were lower than ETo. Second, growing season ET was found to be converged to within +/- 10% of P for most of the ecosystems examined. Therefore, our study suggested that soil water storage in the nongrowing season was important in influencing ET and water yield during the growing season. Lastly, monthly LAI, P, and ETo together explained about 85% of the variability of monthly ET. We concluded that the three variables LAI, P, and ETo, which were increasingly available from remote sensing products and weather station networks, could be used for estimating monthly regional ET dynamics with a reasonable accuracy. Such an empirical model has the potential to project the effects of climate and land management on water resources and carbon sequestration when integrated with ecosystem models. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Alstad, Karrin; Chen, Jiquan; Lu, Nan; Wilske, Burkhard] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Chen, Shiping; Lin, Guanghui; Miao, Haixia] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ford, Chelcy R.; Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, Otto, NC USA. [Liu, Chenfeng; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zeppel, Melanie] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Sun, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ge_sun@ncsu.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Zeppel, Melanie/0000-0002-5510-0936 FU USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center; Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; United States-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC); Natural Science Foundation of China [30928002]; NASA-NEWS; NASA LUCC [NNX09AM55G] FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center and the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. This study is also partially supported by the United States-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC), the Natural Science Foundation of China (30928002), and NASA-NEWS and NASA LUCC Program (NNX09AM55G). NR 56 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1002/eco.194 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 746RH UT WOS:000289263900010 ER PT J AU Briles, CE Whitlock, C Skinner, CN Mohr, J AF Briles, Christy E. Whitlock, Cathy Skinner, Carl N. Mohr, Jerry TI Holocene forest development and maintenance on different substrates in the Klamath Mountains, northern California, USA SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity controls; climate change; geoecology; Holocene; Klamath Mountains, California (USA); substrates; vegetation and fire history ID SIMULATED CLIMATE-CHANGE; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATION; FIRE HISTORY; NATIONAL-PARK; SISKIYOU MOUNTAINS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POLLEN RECORDS; LAKE; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOCLIMATE AB The influence of substrate on long-term vegetation dynamics has received little attention, and yet nutrient-limited ecosystems have some of the highest levels of endemism in the world. The diverse geology of the Klamath Mountains of northern California (USA) allows examination of the long-term influence of edaphic constraints in subalpine forests through a comparison of vegetation histories between nutrient-limited ultramafic substrates and terrain that is more fertile. Pollen and charcoal records spanning up to 15 000 years from ultramafic settings reveal a distinctly different vegetation history compared to other soil types. In non-ultramafic settings, the dominant trees and shrubs shifted in elevation in response to Holocene climate variations resulting in compositional and structural changes, whereas on ultramafic substrates changes were primarily structural, not compositional. Fire activity was similar through most of the Holocene with the exception of declines over the last 4000 years on ultramafic substrates, likely due to the reduction of understory fuels and cooler wetter conditions than in the middle Holocene. These results suggest that the tree and shrub distributions were more responsive to past climate changes on non-ultramafic substrates compared to those on ultramafic substrates. The combination of these dynamics may help explain high levels of plant diversity in the Klamath Mountains and provide insights for managing these complex ecosystems. C1 [Briles, Christy E.] Texas A&M Univ, Palynol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Mohr, Jerry] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Briles, CE (reprint author), Monash Univ, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. EM christybriles@gmail.com RI Briles, Christy/B-2402-2015 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0117160]; USFS PSW; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of Oregon Department of Geography FX We thank P. J. Bartlein for discussion of the data and interpretation, T. P. Guilderson for help with the chronology, and P. E. Higuera for statistical advice and age-model development. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0117160 and USFS PSW Cooperative Agreement, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory University Collaborative Research Grant, field research support from Mazamas, Sigma Xi, and graduate research grants from the University of Oregon Department of Geography. Thanks to M. Daniels for providing pollen data from Mumbo Lake, P. Clark and D. Vacco for providing Oregon Cave speleothem data, and J. Barron for ODP 1019 ocean climate data. Thanks also to R. A. Ashmore for his photo-editing of Plate 1. Finally, we thank everyone who helped in the field and laboratory and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions and comments on the manuscript. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 3 BP 590 EP 601 DI 10.1890/09-1772.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763CC UT WOS:000290529800009 PM 21608468 ER PT J AU Koenig, WD Ries, L Olsen, VBK Liebhold, AM AF Koenig, Walter D. Ries, Leslie Olsen, V. Beth K. Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Avian predators are less abundant during periodical cicada emergences, but why? SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Brood X; Magicicada spp.; periodical cicadas; population cycles; predator satiation ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; RESOURCE PULSES; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB Despite a substantial resource pulse, numerous avian insectivores known to depredate periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) are detected less commonly during emergence years than in either the previous or following years. We used data on periodical cicada calls collected by volunteers conducting North American Breeding Bird Surveys within the range of cicada Brood X to test three hypotheses for this observation: lower detection rates could be caused by bird calls being obscured by cicada calls ("detectability" hypothesis), by birds avoiding areas with cicadas ("repel" hypothesis), or because bird abundances are generally lower during emergence years for some reason unrelated to the current emergence event ("true decline" hypothesis). We tested these hypotheses by comparing bird detections at stations coincident with calling cicadas vs. those without calling cicadas in the year prior to and during cicada emergences. At four distinct levels (stop, route, range, and season), parallel declines of birds in groups exposed and not exposed to cicada calls supported the true decline hypothesis. We discuss several potential mechanisms for this pattern, including the possibility that it is a consequence of the ecological and evolutionary interactions between predators of this extraordinary group of insects. C1 [Koenig, Walter D.] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Koenig, Walter D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Ries, Leslie; Olsen, V. Beth K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Koenig, WD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM wdk4@cornell.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Koenig, Walter/0000-0001-6207-1427 FU NSF [IOS-0918944, DBI-0434644] FX We thank Danny Bystrack and Sam Droege, who came up with the idea of keeping track of cicadas calling on the Breeding Bird Surveys, and all those who have contributed to the surveys over the years. We also thank Janis Dickinson, Sam Droege, Wes Hochachka, Ben Zuckerberg, and the reviewers for comments and suggestions. Incidental support came from NSF grants IOS-0918944 to W. D. Koenig and DBI-0434644 to L. Ries. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 3 BP 784 EP 790 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763CC UT WOS:000290529800027 PM 21608486 ER PT J AU Firn, J Moore, JL MacDougall, AS Borer, ET Seabloom, EW HilleRisLambers, J Harpole, WS Cleland, EE Brown, CS Knops, JMH Prober, SM Pyke, DA Farrell, KA Bakker, JD O'Halloran, LR Adler, PB Collins, SL D'Antonio, CM Crawley, MJ Wolkovich, EM La Pierre, KJ Melbourne, BA Hautier, Y Morgan, JW Leakey, ADB Kay, A McCulley, R Davies, KF Stevens, CJ Chu, CJ Holl, KD Klein, JA Fay, PA Hagenah, N Kirkman, KP Buckley, YM AF Firn, Jennifer Moore, Joslin L. MacDougall, Andrew S. Borer, Elizabeth T. Seabloom, Eric W. HilleRisLambers, Janneke Harpole, W. Stanley Cleland, Elsa E. Brown, Cynthia S. Knops, Johannes M. H. Prober, Suzanne M. Pyke, David A. Farrell, Kelly A. Bakker, John D. O'Halloran, Lydia R. Adler, Peter B. Collins, Scott L. D'Antonio, Carla M. Crawley, Michael J. Wolkovich, Elizabeth M. La Pierre, Kimberly J. Melbourne, Brett A. Hautier, Yann Morgan, John W. Leakey, Andrew D. B. Kay, Adam McCulley, Rebecca Davies, Kendi F. Stevens, Carly J. Chu, Cheng-Jin Holl, Karen D. Klein, Julia A. Fay, Philip A. Hagenah, Nicole Kirkman, Kevin P. Buckley, Yvonne M. TI Abundance of introduced species at home predicts abundance away in herbaceous communities SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Biogeography; biosecurity; disturbance; global meta-study; homogenization of communities; invasion paradox; mechanisms of invasion; Nutrient Network; plant invasion; propagule pressure ID PLANT INVASIONS; CONSERVATION; HYPOTHESIS; INVASIVENESS; CONSEQUENCES; PASSENGERS; INVADERS; PARADOX; DRIVERS; SUCCESS AB P>Many ecosystems worldwide are dominated by introduced plant species, leading to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function. A common but rarely tested assumption is that these plants are more abundant in introduced vs. native communities, because ecological or evolutionary-based shifts in populations underlie invasion success. Here, data for 26 herbaceous species at 39 sites, within eight countries, revealed that species abundances were similar at native (home) and introduced (away) sites - grass species were generally abundant home and away, while forbs were low in abundance, but more abundant at home. Sites with six or more of these species had similar community abundance hierarchies, suggesting that suites of introduced species are assembling similarly on different continents. Overall, we found that substantial changes to populations are not necessarily a pre-condition for invasion success and that increases in species abundance are unusual. Instead, abundance at home predicts abundance away, a potentially useful additional criterion for biosecurity programmes. C1 [Firn, Jennifer; Buckley, Yvonne M.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Moore, Joslin L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, AEDA, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [MacDougall, Andrew S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Borer, Elizabeth T.; Seabloom, Eric W.; O'Halloran, Lydia R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [HilleRisLambers, Janneke] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harpole, W. Stanley] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Prober, Suzanne M.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey Forest Rangeland Ecosys Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Farrell, Kelly A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bakker, John D.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Crawley, Michael J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Wolkovich, Elizabeth M.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [La Pierre, Kimberly J.; Hagenah, Nicole] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Melbourne, Brett A.; Davies, Kendi F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hautier, Yann] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Morgan, John W.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Bot, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Kay, Adam] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [McCulley, Rebecca] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Stevens, Carly J.] Open Univ, Dept Life Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Chu, Cheng-Jin] Lanzhou Univ, MOE Key Lab Arid Grassland Ecol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Holl, Karen D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Klein, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Hagenah, Nicole; Kirkman, Kevin P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol Conservat Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Buckley, Yvonne M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Firn, J (reprint author), Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Biogeosci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM jennifer.firn@qut.edu.au RI Hautier, Yann/D-5426-2015; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; MacDougall, Andrew/F-2037-2011; Moore, Joslin/C-5270-2009; Brown, Cynthia/K-5814-2012; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Bakker, Jonathan/I-6960-2013; Holl, Karen/D-8033-2014; OI Hautier, Yann/0000-0003-4347-7741; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Firn, Jennifer/0000-0001-6026-8912; Moore, Joslin/0000-0001-9809-5092; Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Holl, Karen/0000-0003-2893-6161; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853; La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547 NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 94 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01584.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723SZ UT WOS:000287528600009 PM 21281419 ER PT J AU Pillsbury, FC Miller, JR Debinski, DM Engle, DM AF Pillsbury, Finn C. Miller, James R. Debinski, Diane M. Engle, David M. TI Another tool in the toolbox? Using fire and grazing to promote bird diversity in highly fragmented landscapes SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE analysis of similarity; community structure; fire; fragmentation; grassland birds; grazing; heterogeneity; Iowa; Missouri; nonmetric multidimensional scaling AB The grasslands of central North America have experienced drastic reductions in extent, removal of historic disturbance patterns, and homogenization of remaining fragments. This has resulted in steep declines for a broad swath of grassland biodiversity. Recent work in relatively extensive grasslands has demonstrated that mimicking historic disturbance patterns using a fire-grazing interaction can increase the abundance and diversity of grassland birds through increased habitat heterogeneity. We examined the efficacy of this management strategy for promoting avian diversity in highly fragmented landscapes, which represent the bulk of remaining grassland bird habitats in the tallgrass prairie region. We quantified the population density of obligate and facultative grassland bird species along transects in 13 experimental research pastures in the Grand River Grasslands of Iowa and Missouri (USA), divided among three treatments: 1) spatially discrete fires and free access by cattle ("patch-burn grazed''), 2) free access by cattle and a single complete burn ("grazed-and-burned''), and 3) a single complete burn with no cattle ("burned-only''). We expected that patch-burn grazing would produce a bird community that overlapped that of the grazed-and-burned and burned-only treatments, because it would provide habitat for species associated with both. However, an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed that community structure on pastures managed using patch-burn grazing instead diverged significantly from both of the other treatments. Differences in community structure were most highly correlated with visual obstruction and wooded edge density in the landscape, suggesting bird communities are differentiated not only by their structural habitat requirements, but also by the varying degrees of sensitivity to landscape fragmentation of their component species. The future success of this management scheme for fragmented grasslands hinges on if, after an optimal stocking rate is identified, adequate habitat can be maintained for a diverse bird community, or whether fragmentation will perpetually limit the efficacy of this method in these landscapes. C1 [Pillsbury, Finn C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA USA. [Miller, James R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Debinski, Diane M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Pillsbury, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88005 USA. EM fcp@nmsu.edu OI Debinski, Diane/0000-0002-7144-4640 FU Iowa State Wildlife Grants program [T-1-R-15]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program FX Funding for this project was through the Iowa State Wildlife Grants program grant T-1-R-15 in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. We thank P. Dixon for his invaluable guidance in the philosophy and use of statistical methods. J. Fletcher, E. Hill, J. Rusk, S. Rusk, and C. Wonkka assisted in the collection of bird data, and D. McGranahan made a substantial contribution in the collection of vegetation data. We are especially grateful to B. Danielson, R. Koford, and S. Nusser, who provided a thorough critique of an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 AR UNSP 28 DI 10.1890/ES10-00154.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IT UT WOS:000208810400004 ER PT J AU Chundawat, SPS Donohoe, BS Sousa, LD Elder, T Agarwal, UP Lu, FC Ralph, J Himmel, ME Balan, V Dale, BE AF Chundawat, Shishir P. S. Donohoe, Bryon S. Sousa, Leonardo da Costa Elder, Thomas Agarwal, Umesh P. Lu, Fachuang Ralph, John Himmel, Michael E. Balan, Venkatesh Dale, Bruce E. TI Multi-scale visualization and characterization of lignocellulosic plant cell wall deconstruction during thermochemical pretreatment SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FIBER EXPANSION AFEX; CORN STOVER; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; LIME PRETREATMENT; MIDDLE LAMELLA; LIGNIN REMOVAL; SECONDARY WALL; BIOMASS AB Deconstruction of lignocellulosic plant cell walls to fermentable sugars by thermochemical and/or biological means is impeded by several poorly understood ultrastructural and chemical barriers. A promising thermochemical pretreatment called ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) overcomes the native recalcitrance of cell walls through subtle morphological and physicochemical changes that enhance cellulase accessibility without extracting lignin and hemicelluloses into separate liquid streams. Multi-scale visualization and characterization of Zea mays (i.e., corn stover) cell walls were carried out by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCM), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) to elucidate the mechanism of AFEX pretreatment. AFEX first dissolves, then extracts and, as the ammonia evaporates, redeposits cell wall decomposition products (e. g., amides, arabinoxylan oligomers, lignin-based phenolics) on outer cell wall surfaces. As a result, nanoporous tunnel-like networks, as visualized by 3D-electron tomography, are formed within the cell walls. We propose that this highly porous structure greatly enhances enzyme accessibility to embedded cellulosic microfibrils. The shape, size (10 to 1000 nm), and spatial distribution of the pores depended on their location within the cell wall and the pretreatment conditions used. Exposed pore surface area per unit AFEX pretreated cell wall volume, estimated via TEM-tomogram image analysis, ranged between 0.005 and 0.05 nm(2) per nm(3). AFEX results in ultrastructural and physicochemical modifications within the cell wall that enhance enzymatic hydrolysis yield by 4-5 fold over that of untreated cell walls. C1 [Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Sousa, Leonardo da Costa; Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, BCRL, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John; Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce E.] US DOE, GLBRC, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Donohoe, Bryon S.; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Elder, Thomas] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Agarwal, Umesh P.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Chundawat, SPS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, BCRL, 3900 Collins Rd,Suite 1045, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. EM chundawa@msu.edu; bryon.donohoe@nrel.gov; sousaleo@msu.edu; telder@fs.fed.us; uagarwal@fs.fed.us; fachuanglu@wisc.edu; jralph@wisc.edu; mike.himmel@nrel.gov; balan@msu.edu; bdale@egr.msu.edu RI da Costa Sousa, Leonardo/A-1536-2016; OI Chundawat, Shishir/0000-0003-3677-6735 FU Michigan State Research Foundation; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; DOE Office of Biomass FX This work was funded by the Michigan State Research Foundation and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (www.greatlakesbioenergy.org) supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through the Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-07ER64494 between The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System and the US Department of Energy. BSD and MEH were supported by the DOE Office of Biomass Program. We would like to thank Ewa Danielewicz, Melinda Frame, Shirley Owens, and Per Askeland for their help and guidance in using various instruments. We gratefully acknowledge Rebecca Garlock, Nirmal Uppugundla, Dahai Gao and other members of the BCRL who provided useful insights, criticisms and technical support. We also thank Rick Reiner (USDA FS, FPL, Madison) for assistance in obtaining the Raman spectra. NR 69 TC 174 Z9 179 U1 27 U2 183 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 973 EP 984 DI 10.1039/c0ee00574f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729CE UT WOS:000287924700044 ER PT J AU Hanley, MJ Cancalon, P Widmer, WW Greenblatt, DJ AF Hanley, Michael J. Cancalon, Paul Widmer, Wilbur W. Greenblatt, David J. TI The effect of grapefruit juice on drug disposition SO EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEVILLE ORANGE JUICE; SULFOTRANSFERASE ISOFORMS SULT1A1; INCREASES PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR SAQUINAVIR; INTESTINAL CYP3A4 INHIBITION; RENAL-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A ACTIVITY; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; FELODIPINE INTERACTION; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS AB Areas covered: This article reviews the in vitro effects of GFJ and its constituents on the activity of CYP enzymes, organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), P-glycoprotein, esterases and sulfotransferases. The translational applicability of the in vitro findings to the clinical setting is discussed for each drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter. Reported AUC ratios for available GFJ--drug interaction studies are also provided. Relevant investigations were identified by searching the PubMed electronic database from 1989 to 2010. Expert opinion: GFJ increases the bioavailability of some orally administered drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A and normally undergo extensive presystemic extraction. In addition, GFJ can decrease the oral absorption of a few drugs that rely on OATPs in the gastrointestinal tract for their uptake. The number of drugs shown to interact with GFJ in vitro is far greater than the number of clinically relevant GFJ--drug interactions. For the majority of patients, complete avoidance of GFJ is unwarranted. C1 [Hanley, Michael J.; Greenblatt, David J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Program Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cancalon, Paul] Florida Dept Citrus, Lakeland, FL 33802 USA. [Widmer, Wilbur W.] USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Greenblatt, DJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Program Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dj.greenblatt@tufts.edu FU National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, USA [F31AT006068] FX MJ Hanley is supported by grant F31AT006068 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, USA. P Cancalon is an employee of the Florida Department of Citrus while DJ Greenblatt has consulted for them. WW Widmer is an employee of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 196 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 24 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1742-5255 J9 EXPERT OPIN DRUG MET JI Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 267 EP 286 DI 10.1517/17425255.2011.553189 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 723FO UT WOS:000287492100002 PM 21254874 ER PT J AU Thavarajah, D Thavarajah, P Sarker, A Materne, M Vandemark, G Shrestha, R Idrissi, O Hacikamiloglu, O Bucak, B Vandenberg, A AF Thavarajah, Dil Thavarajah, Pushparajah Sarker, Ashutosh Materne, Michael Vandemark, George Shrestha, Renuka Idrissi, Omar Hacikamiloglu, Omar Bucak, Beybin Vandenberg, Albert TI A global survey of effects of genotype and environment on selenium concentration in lentils (Lens culinaris L.): Implications for nutritional fortification strategies SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Lentil; Biofortification ID PLASMA SELENIUM; BIOFORTIFICATION; BANGLADESH; CANCER; TURKEY; HEALTH; WHEAT AB Lentils (Lens culinaris L) are an important protein and carbohydrate food, rich in essential dietary components and trace elements. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. For adults, 55 mu g of daily Se intake is recommended for better health and cancer prevention. Millions of people around the world have Se-deficient diets and biofortification may be an effective solution. The total Se concentration of lentils grown in six major lentil-producing countries were analysed to determine the potential for Se biofortification in these regions. The highest Se concentrations based on location means were found in lentils from Nepal (180 mu g/kg) and southern Australia (148 mu g/kg) while the lowest were those from Syria (22 mu g/kg), Morocco (28 mu g/kg), northwestern USA (26 mu g/kg), and Turkey (47 mu g/kg). Significant location effects within a country were observed for Nepal and Australia. All values were lower than previous published data for Saskatchewan grown lentils (425-672 mu g/kg). Lentils originating from Australia, Nepal, or Canada could be considered good sources of Se, as consumption of 50 g would provide 13-61% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Our findings indicate lentil may be appropriate as a target crop for Se biofortification and investigated as a food-based solution for populations with Se deficiencies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thavarajah, Dil; Thavarajah, Pushparajah; Vandenberg, Albert] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Sarker, Ashutosh] ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. [Materne, Michael] Victorian Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic 3401, Australia. [Vandemark, George] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shrestha, Renuka] Natl Grain Legumes Res Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. [Idrissi, Omar] Ctr Reg Settat, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Settat, Morocco. [Hacikamiloglu, Omar] Harran Univ, TR-63200 Sanliurfa, Turkey. [Bucak, Beybin] Harran Univ, Fac Agr, Field Crops Dept, TR-63200 Sanliurfa, Turkey. RP Thavarajah, D (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Sch Food Syst, Dept 7640, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM dil.thavarajah@usask.ca FU Saskatchewan Pulse Growers; Agriculture Development Fund FX We thank Dr. Kofi Agblor (Saskatchewan Pulse Growers) and Dr. Jerry Combs (Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS) for reviewing the manuscript, Barry Goetz, Kevin Andal, Andrew Arndt, and Chai-Thaim See for technical assistance. Support for this research was provided by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and Agriculture Development Fund. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 125 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.038 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 686FG UT WOS:000284681600010 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Yang, RJ Zhang, HQ Zhang, WB Hua, XA Tang, YL AF Zhao, Wei Yang, Ruijin Zhang, Howard Q. Zhang, Wenbin Hua, Xiao Tang, Yali TI Quantitative and real time detection of pulsed electric field induced damage on Escherichia coli cells and sublethally injured microbial cells using flow cytometry in combination with fluorescent techniques SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Pulsed electric field (PEF); Flow cytometry; Reversible permeabilization; Sublethally injured cells ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ORANGE JUICE; INACTIVATION; INTENSITY; PERMEABILIZATION; ELECTROPORATION; MICROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; VIABILITY AB The methods employed in most previous studies to investigate the non-thermal action of pulsed electric field (PEF) on microbial cells are only capable of revealing the obvious morphological changes of microbial cells induced by PEF, or only differentiate between culturable and not culturable cells. They are totally incapable of real time detection of sublethally injured cells under stress of PEF. In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) in combination with fluorescent techniques was used for quantitative and real time detection of PEF induced damage on Escherichia coli cells and sublethally injured microbial cells. The present work confirmed the thesis that electropermeabilisation was not an all-or-nothing-event. FCM sorting of double stained cells put forward direct evidence for the occurrence of sublethally injured microbial cells under stress of PEF. This work provided quantitative and real time analysis of sublethally injured microbial cells in PEF treatment, and further revealed the underlying mechanism on synergistic effect of moderate heat and PEF on microbial inactivation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Wei; Yang, Ruijin; Zhang, Wenbin; Hua, Xiao] Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Wei; Yang, Ruijin; Zhang, Wenbin; Hua, Xiao] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Howard Q.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Tang, Yali] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. RP Yang, RJ (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. EM yrj@jiangnan.edu.cn RI Zhang, Wenbin/B-5728-2009 OI Zhang, Wenbin/0000-0001-8407-9008 FU National Natural Science Foundation of PR China [31000829, 20772049]; National and Jiangsu Provincial National Natural Science Foundation [BK2010148]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [JUSRP20910]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [B07029] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Project 31000829, 20772049 of the National Natural Science Foundation of PR China National and Jiangsu Provincial National Natural Science Foundation (BK2010148). This study was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP20910) and 111 project-B07029, Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 566 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.10.006 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 703CU UT WOS:000285952500033 ER PT J AU Swanson, ME Franklin, JF Beschta, RL Crisafulli, CM DellaSala, DA Hutto, RL Lindenmayer, DB Swanson, FJ AF Swanson, Mark E. Franklin, Jerry F. Beschta, Robert L. Crisafulli, Charles M. DellaSala, Dominick A. Hutto, Richard L. Lindenmayer, David B. Swanson, Frederick J. TI The forgotten stage of forest succession: early-successional ecosystems on forest sites SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID WESTERN OREGON; NATIONAL-PARK; WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR; DISTURBANCES; USA; PATTERNS; WILDFIRE; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB Early-successional forest ecosystems that develop after stand-replacing or partial disturbances are diverse in species, processes, and structure. Post-disturbance ecosystems are also often rich in biological legacies, including surviving organisms and organically derived structures, such as woody debris. These legacies and post-disturbance plant communities provide resources that attract and sustain high species diversity, including numerous early-successional obligates, such as certain woodpeckers and arthropods. Early succession is the only period when tree canopies do not dominate the forest site, and so this stage can be characterized by high productivity of plant species (including herbs and shrubs), complex food webs, large nutrient fluxes, and high structural and spatial complexity. Different disturbances contrast markedly in terms of biological legacies, and this will influence the resultant physical and biological conditions, thus affecting successional pathways. Management activities, such as post-disturbance logging and dense tree planting, can reduce the richness within and the duration of early-successional ecosystems. Where maintenance of biodiversity is an objective, the importance and value of these natural early-successional ecosystems are underappreciated. C1 [Swanson, Mark E.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beschta, Robert L.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Crisafulli, Charles M.] USFS Pacific NW Res Stn, Amboy, WA USA. [DellaSala, Dominick A.] Natl Ctr Conservat Sci & Policy, Ashland, OR USA. [Hutto, Richard L.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lindenmayer, David B.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Swanson, Frederick J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Swanson, ME (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM markswanson@wsu.edu FU US Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; Wind River Canopy Crane; National Science Foundation; Wilburforce Foundation; Join Fire Science Program [04-2-1-106] FX We are grateful to KN Johnson for insightful comments. JFF, CMC, MES, and FJS thank the US Forest Service, the Pacific Northwest Research Station, the Wind River Canopy Crane, and the National Science Foundation for support of long-term ecological research at the HJ Andrews and Wind River Experimental Forests and at Mount St Helens. DAD acknowledges the Wilburforce Foundation for support. RLH acknowledges the Join Fire Science Program (04-2-1-106) for support. We thank J Halofsky for Figure 6. NR 48 TC 227 Z9 232 U1 11 U2 153 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1890/090157 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730TS UT WOS:000288058100017 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Rooney, AP Mills, GL Kuo, M Weber, NS Rehner, SA AF O'Donnell, Kerry Rooney, Alejandro P. Mills, Gary L. Kuo, Michael Weber, Nancy S. Rehner, Stephen A. TI Phylogeny and historical biogeography of true morels (Morchella) reveals an early Cretaceous origin and high continental endemism and provincialism in the Holarctic SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Biodiversity; Conservation biology; DNA sequence; Fungi; Range evolution ID SPECIES RECOGNITION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS; PLANT DIVERSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; BETA-TUBULIN; FUNGI; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION AB True morels (Morchella, Ascomycota) are arguably the most highly-prized of the estimated 1.5 million fungi that inhabit our planet. Field guides treat these epicurean macrofungi as belonging to a few species with cosmopolitan distributions, but this hypothesis has not been tested. Prompted by the results of a growing number of molecular studies, which have shown many microbes exhibit strong biogeographic structure and cryptic speciation, we constructed a 4-gene dataset for 177 members of the Morchellaceae to elucidate their origin, evolutionary diversification and historical biogeography. Diversification time estimates place the origin of the Morchellaceae in the middle Triassic 243.63 (95% highest posterior density [HPD] interval: 169.35-319.89) million years ago (Mya) and the divergence of Morchella from its closest relatives in the early Cretaceous 129.61 (95% HPD interval: 90.26-173.16) Mya, both within western North America. Phylogenetic analyses identified three lineages within Morchella: a basal monotypic lineage represented by Morchella rujobrunnea, and two sister clades comprising the black morels (Elata Clade, 26 species) and yellow morels (Esculenta Clade, 16 species). Morchella possesses a Laurasian distribution with 37/41 species restricted to the Holarctic. All 33 Holarctic species represented by multiple collections exhibited continental endemism. Moreover, 16/18 North American and 13/15 Eurasian species appeared to exhibit provincialism. Although morel fruit bodies produce thousands of explosively discharged spores that are well suited to aerial dispersal, our results suggest that they are poorly adapted at invading novel niches. Morels also appear to have retained the ancestral fruit body plan, which has remained remarkably static since the Cretaceous. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry; Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mills, Gary L.] Diversified Nat Prod, Scottville, MI 49454 USA. [Kuo, Michael] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept English, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Weber, Nancy S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rehner, Stephen A.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 9007186, DEB 9400545]; USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Stacy Sink for excellent technical assistance, Don Fraser for assistance with the publication figures, Nathane Orwig for running the DNA sequences in the NCAUR DNA core facility, John Plischke III and Jim Weber for kindly providing photos used in Figs. 1-5, and all of the individuals and herbaria that provided specimens used in this study (Supporting information Table Si). N.S. Weber acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants DEB 9007186 and DEB 9400545, and funding and research space from the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station. The mention of products or firm names does not imply that the US Department of Agriculture recommends them. NR 66 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.09.006 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 714XS UT WOS:000286845600004 PM 20888422 ER PT J AU Brantley, SL Megonigal, JP Scatena, FN Balogh-Brunstad, Z Barnes, RT Bruns, MA Van Cappellen, P Dontsova, K Hartnett, HE Hartshorn, AS Heimsath, A Herndon, E Jin, L Keller, CK Leake, JR McDowell, WH Meinzer, FC Mozdzer, TJ Petsch, S Pett-Ridge, J Pregitzer, KS Raymond, PA Riebe, CS Shumaker, K Sutton-Grier, A Walter, R Yoo, K AF Brantley, S. L. Megonigal, J. P. Scatena, F. N. Balogh-Brunstad, Z. Barnes, R. T. Bruns, M. A. Van Cappellen, P. Dontsova, K. Hartnett, H. E. Hartshorn, A. S. Heimsath, A. Herndon, E. Jin, L. Keller, C. K. Leake, J. R. McDowell, W. H. Meinzer, F. C. Mozdzer, T. J. Petsch, S. Pett-Ridge, J. Pregitzer, K. S. Raymond, P. A. Riebe, C. S. Shumaker, K. Sutton-Grier, A. Walter, R. Yoo, K. TI Twelve testable hypotheses on the geobiology of weathering SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL CARBON; UNITED-STATES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON AB Critical Zone (CZ) research investigates the chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the Earth's surface. Here, we advance 12 hypotheses that must be tested to improve our understanding of the CZ: (1) Solar-to-chemical conversion of energy by plants regulates flows of carbon, water, and nutrients through plant-microbe soil networks, thereby controlling the location and extent of biological weathering. (2) Biological stoichiometry drives changes in mineral stoichiometry and distribution through weathering. (3) On landscapes experiencing little erosion, biology drives weathering during initial succession, whereas weathering drives biology over the long term.(4) In eroding landscapes, weathering-front advance at depth is coupled to surface denudation via biotic processes.(5) Biology shapes the topography of the Critical Zone.(6) The impact of climate forcing on denudation rates in natural systems can be predicted from models incorporating biogeochemical reaction rates and geomorphological transport laws.(7) Rising global temperatures will increase carbon losses from the Critical Zone.(8) Rising atmospheric P-CO2 will increase rates and extents of mineral weathering in soils.(9) Riverine solute fluxes will respond to changes in climate primarily due to changes in water fluxes and secondarily through changes in biologically mediated weathering.(10) Land use change will impact Critical Zone processes and exports more than climate change. (11) In many severely altered settings, restoration of hydrological processes is possible in decades or less, whereas restoration of biodiversity and biogeochemical processes requires longer timescales.(12) Biogeochemical properties impart thresholds or tipping points beyond which rapid and irreversible losses of ecosystem health, function, and services can occur. C1 [Brantley, S. L.; Herndon, E.; Jin, L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Megonigal, J. P.; Mozdzer, T. J.; Sutton-Grier, A.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Scatena, F. N.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Balogh-Brunstad, Z.] Hartwick Coll, Dept Geol Environm Sci & Chem, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Barnes, R. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bruns, M. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Van Cappellen, P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dontsova, K.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hartnett, H. E.; Heimsath, A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Hartnett, H. E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ USA. [Hartshorn, A. S.] James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Keller, C. K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Leake, J. R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [McDowell, W. H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Meinzer, F. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Petsch, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pett-Ridge, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pregitzer, K. S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Raymond, P. A.] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA. [Riebe, C. S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Shumaker, K.] Univ W Alabama, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Livingston, AL USA. [Shumaker, K.] Univ W Alabama, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Livingston, AL USA. [Walter, R.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Yoo, K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Brantley, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brantley@eesi.psu.edu RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011; Mozdzer, Thomas/G-4372-2011; Keller, C/B-3205-2012; Riebe, Clifford/B-7670-2012; Pett-Ridge, Julie/G-5842-2012; Van Cappellen, Philippe/A-2906-2013; Mozdzer, Thomas/A-3599-2014; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062; Van Cappellen, Philippe/0000-0001-5476-0820; Mozdzer, Thomas/0000-0002-1053-0967; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Leake, Jonathan/0000-0001-8364-7616; Hartshorn, Anthony/0000-0002-0004-5749 FU NSF [EAR-0946877] FX Funding from NSF EAR-0946877 is acknowledged. We also acknowledge the following people for contributions to the workshop, 'Frontiers in Exploration of the Critical Zone II: The Geobiology of Weathering and Erosion', held 5-7 October 2009, at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History: R. Amundson, T. Anderson, E. Barrera, T. Crowl, R. Cuenca, R. Davis, P. Glynn, K. Maher, D. McKnight, C. Monger, L. Patino, M. Pavich, C. Pilcher, E. Sztein, and N. Woodward. Special thanks to C. Samper, T. Anderson, and T. Karl of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. M. Hopkins, D. Lambert, and T. Bernier are acknowledged for organization and editing. L. Sanford and T. Cronin are acknowledged for help with Fig. 10. T. White is acknowledged for information concerning paleosols and C. Paola for the term, 'Earthcasting'. C. Anderson is acknowledged for help with figures. The manuscript benefitted from three helpful reviews and editorial handling by D. Beerling and K. Konhauser. NR 228 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 12 U2 173 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD MAR PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 140 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00264.x PG 26 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 719VW UT WOS:000287240600005 PM 21231992 ER PT J AU Tshabalala, MA Libert, R Schaller, CM AF Tshabalala, Mandla A. Libert, Ryan Schaller, Christian M. TI Photostability and moisture uptake properties of wood veneers coated with a combination of thin sol-gel films and light stabilizers SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE hybrid inorganic-organic thin films; light stabilizers; lignin stabilizer; moisture; photostability; sol-gel precursors; UV absorber; weathering; wood coatings ID WATER-RELATED PROPERTIES; MULTIFUNCTIONAL ALKOXYSILANES; PLASMA TREATMENT; PINE SAPWOOD; SURFACE; COMPOSITES AB In recent years, there has been increased interest in the use of inorganic UV blocking nanoparticles for photostabilization of wood surfaces. Photostability and moisture uptake properties of wood veneers coated with a combination of hybrid inorganic-organic thin sol-gel films and organic light stabilizers was investigated. The light stabilizers were applied by brushing, and the thin sol-gel films were deposited on the wood surface by dipping in a sol prepared from a mixture of methyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, and aluminum isopropoxide precursors. Although the sol-gel film improved the moisture resistance of the wood veneers, it showed mixed results on photostability. Under light and spray conditions in a Weather-Ometer (TM), specimens treated with a combination of sol-gel thin film and a UV absorber, tris-resorcinol triazine and an acrylic self-crosslinking binder, or treated with lignin stabilizer/tris-resorcinol triazine/acrylic self-crosslinking binder showed good overall weathering performance. Under permanent light conditions in the Weather-Ometer (TM), specimens treated with a combination of sol-gel thin film, a lignin stabilizer, and a water soluble UV absorber - namely: (2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole - revealed a good overall weathering performance. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using a combination of organic light stabilizers and sol-gel deposits of hybrid inorganic-organic thin films to improve weathering resistance of softwood substrates. C1 [Tshabalala, Mandla A.; Libert, Ryan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Schaller, Christian M.] Ciba Geigy AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. RP Tshabalala, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mtshabalala@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.022 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 734WP UT WOS:000288372500011 ER PT J AU Du, TC Shupe, TF Hse, CY AF Du, Tianchuan Shupe, Todd F. Hse, Chung Y. TI Antifungal activities of three supercritical fluid extracted cedar oils SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE antifungal; cedar; supercritical fluid extraction; wood preservatives ID PLICATA DONN EXTRACTIVES; SCREENING FUNGI TOLERANT; THUJA-PLICATA; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; HEARTWOOD; WOOD AB Port-Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), Alaska yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis), and Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) were submitted to supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 (SCC) and Soxhlet extracted (SE) with hexane. The components in the extracted oils were identified by GC-MS. The oils were evaluated against two common wood decay fungi, brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor). The SCC extraction yields of J. virginiana, C. nootkatensis, and C. lawsoniana were 3.27%, 3.22%, and 3.29%, respectively. The SE yields of J. virginiana, C. nootkatensis, and C. lawsoniana were 0.80%, 0.71%, and 1.52%, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that SCC extracted cedar oils had higher antifungal activities than SE cedar oils against both fungi. In vitro studies showed that C. nootkatensis oils have the strongest antifungal activity, followed by C. lawsoniana, and J. virginiana oil. C1 [Du, Tianchuan; Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hse, Chung Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD MAR PY 2011 VL 65 IS 2 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.005 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 734WP UT WOS:000288372500020 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Chen, P Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Sun, Jianghao Chen, Pei Lin, Long-ze Harnly, James M. TI A Non-targeted Approach to Chemical Discrimination Between Green Tea Dietary Supplements and Green Tea Leaves by HPLC/MS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIRAITIA-GROSVENORI; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; REBAUDIOSIDE-A; OOLONG TEA; BLACK TEA; CATECHIN; EXTRACT; IDENTIFICATION AB Green tea-based dietary supplements (GTDSs) have gained popularity in the U.S. market in recent years. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition difference of GTDS in comparison with green tea leaves using an HPLC/MS fingerprinting technique coupled with chemometric analysis. Five components that are most responsible for class separation among samples were identified as (-) epicatechin gallate, strictinin, trigalloylglucose, quercetin-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnosylglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-galactosyl-rhamnosylglucoside, according to the accurate mass measurements and MS/MS data. The similarity coefficients between the GTDSs in solid form with green tea were 0.55 to 0.91, while for the GTDSs in liquid form they were 0.12 to 0.89, which suggested that chemical composition variance across the GTDSs was significant. Flavonol aglycone concentrations were higher in GTDSs than in tea leaves, indicating the degradation of flavonol glycosides or the oxidation of catechin during the manufacturing and storage processes. In some GTDS samples, compounds were identified that were on the label. The results demonstrate the urgency of QC for GTDS products. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei; Lin, Long-ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. We would like to thank Agilent Technologies Inc. for the accurate mass measurements. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 94 IS 2 BP 487 EP 497 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 750KH UT WOS:000289544500015 PM 21563682 ER PT J AU Patel, J Sharma, M Ravishakar, S AF Patel, J. Sharma, M. Ravishakar, S. TI Effect of curli expression and hydrophobicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on attachment to fresh produce surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attachment; cabbage; curli; E. coli O157:H7; fresh produce; hydrophobicity; lettuce ID BIOFILM FORMATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; LETTUCE LEAVES; ABIOTIC SURFACES; STAINLESS-STEEL; O157-H7; CHARGE; TEMPERATURE; ADHESION AB Aim: To investigate the effect of curli expression on cell hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and attachment to cut and intact fresh produce surfaces. Methods and Results: Five Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains were evaluated for curli expression, hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and attachment to intact and cut fresh produce (cabbage, iceberg lettuce and Romaine lettuce) leaves. Biofilm formation was stronger when E. coli O157:H7 were grown in diluted tryptic soy broth (1 : 10). In general, strong curli-expressing E. coli O157:H7 strains 4406 and 4407 were more hydrophobic and attached to cabbage and iceberg lettuce surfaces at significantly higher numbers than other weak curli-expressing strains. Overall, E. coli O157:H7 populations attached to cabbage and lettuce (iceberg and Romaine) surfaces were similar (P > 0 center dot 05), indicating produce surfaces did not affect (P < 0 center dot 05) bacterial attachment. All E. coli O157:H7 strains attached rapidly on intact and cut produce surfaces. Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached preferentially to cut surfaces of all produce types; however, the difference between E. coli O157:H7 populations attached to intact and cut surfaces was not significant (P > 0 center dot 05) in most cases. Escherichia coli O157:H7 attachment and attachment strength (S(R)) to intact and cut produce surfaces increased with time. Conclusions: Curli-producing E. coli O157:H7 strains attach at higher numbers to produce surfaces. Increased attachment of E. coli O157:H7 on cut surfaces emphasizes the need for an effective produce wash to kill E. coli O157:H7 on produce. Significance and Impact of the Study: Understanding the attachment mechanisms of E. coli O157:H7 to produce surfaces will aid in developing new intervention strategies to prevent produce outbreaks. C1 [Patel, J.; Sharma, M.] ARS, USDA, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ravishakar, S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 110 IS 3 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04933.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 718BA UT WOS:000287093400015 PM 21205101 ER PT J AU Kamalakannan, S Murugan, K Barnard, DR AF Kamalakannan, Siva Murugan, Kadarkarai Barnard, Donald R. TI Toxicity of Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae) and Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) leaf extracts to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Larvicide; Mosquito coil; Smoke; Bioassay AB Alternative control strategies for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L (Diptera: Culicidae) include botanical insecticides. They are believed to pose little threat to the environment or to human health and may provide practical substitutes for synthetic insecticides. In this study, we determined the biological activities of methanol extracts of Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae) and Achyranthes aspera L (Amaranthaceae) leaves individually and in combination as botanical insecticides against Ae. aegypti. Based on LC(50) values for 4th instar Ae. aegypti, the combined extracts showed the strongest larvicidal activity (277 ppm). A. aspera and A. indica extracts individually gave similar results (409 and 420 ppm, respectively). Respective LC(50) values for pupae were 326 ppm, 456 ppm, and 467 ppm. In studies of smoke toxicity, 64% of females exposed to negative control smoke (no extract) blood fed on chicken, whereas 17% blood fed when exposed to smoke containing A. aspera extract and to positive control smoke (0.2% d-allethrin). In the field, treatment of water storage tanks (approximate to 0.5 m(3)) with combined plant extract reduced larval and pupal populations by 97% and 81%, respectively, after 5 days. Given the results of this study, further evaluation of the combined (A. indica + A. aspera) extract as a mosquito larvicide is warranted. Mosquito coils with A. aspera extract also show promise as a practical and potentially economical means for mitigating mosquito blood feeding. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kamalakannan, Siva; Murugan, Kadarkarai] Bharathiar Univ, Sch Life Sci, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Barnard, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kamalakannan, S (reprint author), Bharathiar Univ, Sch Life Sci, Div Entomol, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. EM kamal410@yahoo.com FU University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India FX We thank the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India for their kind financial support. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU KOREAN SOC APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, DIVISION ENTOMOLOGY, RDA, 249 SEODUN-DONG, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8615 J9 J ASIA-PAC ENTOMOL JI J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.aspen.2010.11.011 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 727HH UT WOS:000287788400009 ER PT J AU Garnas, JR Ayres, MP Liebhold, AM Evans, C AF Garnas, Jeffrey R. Ayres, Matthew P. Liebhold, Andrew M. Evans, Celia TI Subcontinental impacts of an invasive tree disease on forest structure and dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beech bark disease; Cryptococcus fagisuga; disease impacts; Fagus grandifolia; forest ecology; Forest Inventory and Analysis; insect-fungal interactions; invasion ecology; Neonectria ditissima; Neonectria faginata ID BEECH BARK DISEASE; NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FAGUS-GRANDIFOLIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ECOSYSTEMS; PATHOGENS; SCALE; PESTS AB 1. Introduced pests and pathogens are a major source of disturbance to ecosystems world-wide. The famous examples have produced dramatic reductions in host abundance, including virtual extirpation, but most introductions have more subtle impacts that are hard to quantify but are potentially at least as important due to the pathogens' effects on host reproduction, competitive ability and stress tolerance. A general outcome could be reduced host abundance with concomitant increases in the abundance of competitors. 2. Beech bark disease (BBD) is a widespread, fatal affliction of American beech (Fagus grandifolia), currently present in c. 50% of beech's distribution in eastern North America. Despite high adult mortality, beech remains a dominant component of the forest community. 3. Employing spatially extensive data from the national Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the United States Forest Service, we show that forests have changed dramatically in the presence of BBD. Within the 2.3 million km(2) range of beech, size-specific mortality was 65% higher in the longest-infected regions, and large beech (>90 cm diameter at breast height) have declined from c. 79 individuals km(-2) to being virtually absent. Small stem beech density was dramatically higher (>350%) such that infested forests contain a roughly equivalent cross-sectional (basal) area of beech as before BBD. 4. There was no evidence for compensation by sugar maple or other co-occurring tree species via increased recruitment or adult survivorship at the landscape scale. Overall, community composition remained roughly unchanged as a result of BBD. 5. Surprisingly, trajectory of stand dynamics (shifts in stem density and mean tree size reflecting normal stand maturation (self-thinning) or retrogression (more abundant, smaller trees over time)) did not differ between affected and unaffected regions. Variance in stand dynamics was greater in afflicted forests, however, indicating that predictability of forest structure has been diminished by BBD. 6. Synthesis. Forests of eastern North America have shifted to increased density and dramatically smaller stature without notable change in tree species composition following the invasion of a novel forest disease. Our results reinforce the conclusion that introduced diseases alter fundamental properties of ecosystems, but indicate that the spectrum of potential effects is broader than generally appreciated. C1 [Garnas, Jeffrey R.; Ayres, Matthew P.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Evans, Celia] Paul Smiths Coll, Dept Sci, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. RP Garnas, JR (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM jeff.garnas@up.ac.za RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Garnas, Jeff/0000-0002-9956-9875 FU USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station [04-JV-11242328-122] FX This work was partially supported by the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station, grant 04-JV-11242328-122. Many thanks to Liz LaPoint at the Forest Service in Durham. NH, for facilitating access to FIA data, to David R. Houston for expertise on beech bark disease, to Mark McPeek, Rebecca Irwin, Mark Twery and Joe Elkinton for advice and encouragement along the way, and to the Handling Editor and anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 2 BP 532 EP 541 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01791.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 727GF UT WOS:000287785300019 ER PT J AU Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML Grove, JM Boone, CG Groffman, PM Irwin, E Kaushal, SS Marshall, V McGrath, BP Nilon, CH Pouyat, RV Szlavecz, K Troy, A Warren, P AF Pickett, S. T. A. Cadenasso, M. L. Grove, J. M. Boone, Christopher G. Groffman, Peter M. Irwin, Elena Kaushal, Sujay S. Marshall, Victoria McGrath, Brian P. Nilon, C. H. Pouyat, R. V. Szlavecz, Katalin Troy, Austin Warren, Paige TI Urban ecological systems: Scientific foundations and a decade of progress SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Animal; Biodiversity; City; Design; Ecosystem; Environment; Human; Land use; Plant; Spatial heterogeneity; Socioecological; Suburban; Theory; Urban; Urbanization ID NEW-YORK-CITY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; GIS-BASED APPROACH; FLOOR FOOD WEBS; LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; HEAT-ISLAND; RURAL GRADIENT; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION AB Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pickett, S. T. A.; Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Cadenasso, M. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grove, J. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. [Boone, Christopher G.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Irwin, Elena] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Marshall, Victoria; McGrath, Brian P.] Parsons, Boston, MA USA. [Nilon, C. H.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pouyat, R. V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res & Dev Washington Off, Olympia, WA USA. [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Troy, Austin] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Warren, Paige] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Pickett, STA (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM picketts@caryinstitute.org; mlcadenasso@ucdavis.edu; mgrove@fs.fed.us; Christopher.G.Boone@asu.edu; groffmanp@caryinstitute.org; irwin.78@osu.edu; kaushal@cbl.umces.edu; vm@tilldesign.com; McGrath@newschool.edu; nilonc@missouri.edu; rpouyat@fs.fed.us; szlavecz@tardis.pha.jhu.edu; atroy@uvm.edu; pswarren@nrc.umass.edu RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 FU NSF [DEB-0423476]; Biocomplexity in Coupled Natural-Human Systems program [BCS-0508054]; Office of the Provost FX The preparation of this review and the research of the authors into the structure and function of urban socio-ecological systems was supported by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research program. In particular the authors acknowledge support by NSF grants DEB-0423476 and Biocomplexity in Coupled Natural-Human Systems program (BCS-0508054). The USDA Forest Service contributes substantially to research in Baltimore from which we draw here. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. STAP thanks the Office of the Provost for an M.L. King, Jr., Fellowship, and the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for providing a stimulating intellectual environment in which this paper was completed. NR 409 TC 230 Z9 249 U1 48 U2 439 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 92 IS 3 BP 331 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.022 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714BR UT WOS:000286782400002 PM 20965643 ER PT J AU Kibet, LC Allen, AL Kleinman, PJA Feyereisen, GW Church, C Saporito, LS Way, TR AF Kibet, Leonard C. Allen, Arthur L. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Feyereisen, Gary W. Church, Clinton Saporito, Lou S. Way, Thomas R. TI Phosphorus Runoff Losses from Subsurface-Applied Poultry Litter on Coastal Plain Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; QUALITY; GRASSLAND; RAINFALL; MANURES AB The application of poultry litter to soils is a water quality concern on the Delmarva Peninsula, as runoff contributes P to the eutrophic Chesapeake Bay. This study compared a new subsurface applicator for poultry litter with conventional surface application and tillage incorporation of litter on a Coastal Plain soil under no-till management. Monolith lysimeters (61 cm by 61 cm by 61 cm) were collected immediately after litter application and subjected to rainfall simulation (61 mm h(-1), 1 h) 15 and 42 d later. In the first rainfall event, subsurface application of litter significantly lowered total P losses in runoff (1.90 kg ha(-1)) compared with surface application (4.78 kg ha(-1)). Losses of P with subsurface application were not significantly different from disked litter or an unamended control. By the second event, total P losses did not differ significantly between surface and subsurface litter treatments but were at least twofold greater than losses from the disked and control treatments. A rising water table in the second event likely mobilized dissolved forms of P in subsurface-applied litter to the soil surface, enriching runoff water with P. Across both events, subsurface application of litter did not significantly decrease cumulative losses of P relative to surface-applied litter, whereas disking the litter into the soil did. Results confirm the short-term reduction of runoff P losses with subsurface litter application observed elsewhere but highlight the modifying effect of soil hydrology on this technology's ability to minimize P loss in runoff. C1 [Kibet, Leonard C.; Allen, Arthur L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dep Agr Food & Resource Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Church, Clinton; Saporito, Lou S.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Feyereisen, Gary W.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Mgt Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Way, Thomas R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Kibet, LC (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dep Agr Food & Resource Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM lckibet@umes.edu; alallen@umes.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0161 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724KE UT WOS:000287574000015 PM 21520748 ER PT J AU Wen, YQ Wang, WM Feng, JY Luo, MC Tsuda, K Katagiri, F Bauchan, G Xiao, SY AF Wen, Yingqiang Wang, Wenming Feng, Jiayue Luo, Ming-Cheng Tsuda, Kenichi Katagiri, Fumiaki Bauchan, Gary Xiao, Shunyuan TI Identification and utilization of a sow thistle powdery mildew as a poorly adapted pathogen to dissect post-invasion non-host resistance mechanisms in Arabidopsis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Callose; encasement of haustorial complex; extrahaustorial membrane; haustorium; jasmonic acid; non-host resistance; post-invasion resistance; powdery mildew; RPW8; salicylic acid ID COWPEA RUST FUNGUS; MEDIATED DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEFENSE SIGNALING PATHWAYS; SALICYLIC-ACID; PERONOSPORA-PARASITICA; GOLOVINOMYCES-CICHORACEARUM; CELL-WALL; COMPATIBLE INTERACTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BLUMERIA-GRAMINIS AB To better dissect non-host resistance against haustorium-forming powdery mildew pathogens, a sow thistle powdery mildew isolate designated Golovinomyces cichoracearum UMSG1 that has largely overcome penetration resistance but is invariably stopped by post-invasion non-host resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana was identified. The post-invasion non-host resistance is mainly manifested as the formation of a callosic encasement of the haustorial complex (EHC) and hypersensitive response (HR), which appears to be controlled by both salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and SA-independent defence pathways, as supported by the susceptibility of the pad4/sid2 double mutant to the pathogen. While the broad-spectrum resistance protein RPW8.2 enhances post-penetration resistance against G. cichoracearum UCSC1, a well-adapted powdery mildew pathogen, RPW8.2, is dispensable for post-penetration resistance against G. cichoracearum UMSG1, and its specific targeting to the extrahaustorial membrane is physically blocked by the EHC, resulting in HR cell death. Taken together, the present work suggests an evolutionary scenario for the Arabidopsis-powdery mildew interaction: EHC formation is a conserved subcellular defence evolved in plants against haustorial invasion; well-adapted powdery mildew has evolved the ability to suppress EHC formation for parasitic growth and reproduction; RPW8.2 has evolved to enhance EHC formation, thereby conferring haustorium-targeted, broad-spectrum resistance at the post-invasion stage. C1 [Wen, Yingqiang; Wang, Wenming; Feng, Jiayue; Xiao, Shunyuan] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wen, Yingqiang; Feng, Jiayue] NW A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wen, Yingqiang; Feng, Jiayue] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wenming; Xiao, Shunyuan] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tsuda, Kenichi; Katagiri, Fumiaki] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Bauchan, Gary] ARS, Elect & Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Xiao, SY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM xiao@umd.edu RI Tsuda, Kenichi/A-2453-2009; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Xiao, Shunyuan/K-2598-2013; OI Tsuda, Kenichi/0000-0001-7074-0731; Wang, Wen-Ming/0000-0002-6652-5964; Katagiri, Fumiaki/0000-0001-6893-3788 FU Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; National Science Foundation of China [31071772]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0842877, MCB-0918908] FX We are grateful to Roger Wise and Gregory Fuerst for providing barley seeds and the B. graminis f. sp horde isolate, Shauna Somerville for the G. cichoracearum UCSC1 isolate, Hans Thordal-Christensen for pen1-1 seeds, LoriUrban for technical support, Grace Yang for advice on statistical analyses, and Zhanao Deng and the Xiao lab members for critical reading of this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by a scholarship from the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China and a grant from the National Science Foundation of China (31071772) to YW and JF, and by the National Science Foundation Grant IOS-0842877 to SX and MCB-0918908 to FK. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2117 EP 2129 DI 10.1093/jxb/erq406 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 737EX UT WOS:000288553000031 PM 21193574 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, MS Graham, GW Goebel, PC Romig, RL AF Bumgardner, Matthew S. Graham, Gary W. Goebel, P. Charles Romig, Robert L. TI How Clustering Dynamics Influence Lumber Utilization Patterns in the Amish-Based Furniture Industry in Ohio SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE furniture; Amish; hardwood lumber; clustering; manufacturing ID CONTRAST AB Preliminary studies have suggested that the Amish-based furniture and related products manufacturing cluster located in and around Holmes County, Ohio, uses sizeable quantities of hardwood lumber. The number of firms within the cluster has grown even as the broader domestic furniture manufacturing sector has contracted. The present study was undertaken in 2008 (spring/summer) to develop lumber use estimates specific to Amish manufacturing and provide more detail regarding the impacts of clustering on lumber consumption patterns. Results, based on 196 firms responding to a survey, suggested that lumber use ratios (bd ft per employee) differed among firms of different sizes and type of product manufactured, but in aggregate was similar to the broader US furniture industry. Red oak was the most commonly used species. Local suppliers of hardwood lumber and components were used extensively by most firms. The study confirmed that the Holmes County furniture cluster was important to regional hardwood demand, facilitated by well-developed supply chains that enable high specialization and enhance aggregate productivity among the numerous small manufacturers. C1 [Bumgardner, Matthew S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Graham, Gary W.] Ohio State Univ Extens, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH USA. [Goebel, P. Charles; Romig, Robert L.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH USA. RP Bumgardner, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbumgardner@fs.fed.us; graham.124@osu.edu; goebel.11@osu.edu; romig.2@osu.edu RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 FU US Forest Service; Northern Research Station; Ohio State University Extension; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC); Ohio State University FX Matthew Bumgardner (mbumgardner@fsfed.us) is forest products technologist, Northern Research Station, US Forest Service, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015. Gary W Graham (graham.124@osu.edu) is extension specialist, Ohio State University Extension, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH. P. Charles Goebel (goebel.11@osu.edu) is associate professor, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH. Robert L. Romig (romig.2@osu.edu) is emeritus, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH. This work was supported by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Ohio State University Extension, the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), and The Ohio State University. Use of trade names in this article does not constitute endorsement of any product or service. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 74 EP 81 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 740FB UT WOS:000288775900006 ER PT J AU Robb, EA Gitter, CL Cheng, HH Delany, ME AF Robb, Elizabeth A. Gitter, Cynthia L. Cheng, Hans H. Delany, Mary E. TI Chromosomal Mapping and Candidate Gene Discovery of Chicken Developmental Mutants and Genome-Wide Variation Analysis of MHC Congenics SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE biomedical model; coloboma; diplopodia; limbless; polydactyly; UCD genetic lines ID DE-LANGE-SYNDROME; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; WEILL-MARCHESANI-SYNDROME; LIMB BUD ECTODERM; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; NIPPED-B; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ZINC TRANSPORTER; ROUS SARCOMAS; TETRA-AMELIA AB The chicken has been widely used in experimental research given its importance to agriculture and its utility as a model for vertebrate biology and biomedical pursuits for over 100 years. Herein we used advanced technologies to investigate the genomic characteristics of specialized chicken congenic genetic resources developed on a highly inbred background. An Illumina 3K chicken single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was utilized to study variation within and among major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-congenic lines as well as investigate line-specific genomic diversity, inbreeding coefficients, and MHC B haplotype-specific GGA 16 SNP profiles. We also investigated developmental mutant-congenic lines to map a number of single-gene mutations using both the Illumina 3K array and a recently developed Illumina 60K chicken SNP array. In addition to identifying the chromosomes and specific subregions, the mapping results affirmed prior analyses indicating recessive or dominant and autosomal or sex chromosome modes of inheritance. Priority candidate genes are described for each mutation based on association with similar phenotypes in other vertebrates. These single-gene mutations provide a means of studying amniote development and in particular serve as invaluable biomedical models for similar malformations found in human. C1 [Robb, Elizabeth A.; Gitter, Cynthia L.; Delany, Mary E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gitter, Cynthia L.] San Antonio Zoo Bird Dept, San Antonio, TX USA. [Cheng, Hans H.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Delany, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM medelany@ucdavis.edu FU US Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [NE-1034 (CA-D*-ASC-7281-RR), NC-1170 (CA-D*-ASC-6414-RR), CA-D*-ASC-7233-RR]; US Department of Agriculture [2004-05434, 2008-02211] FX US Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Multistate Research Project NE-1034 (CA-D*-ASC-7281-RR to M.E.D.), NC-1170 (CA-D*-ASC-6414-RR to M.E.D.) and NRSP-8 National Animal Genome Research Support Program (CA-D*-ASC-7233-RR to M.E.D.); US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (2004-05434 and 2008-02211 to H.H.C.). NR 115 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 102 IS 2 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1093/jhered/esq122 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 723HF UT WOS:000287496700001 PM 21273214 ER PT J AU Nderitu, L Lee, JS Omolo, J Omulo, S O'Guinn, ML Hightower, A Mosha, F Mohamed, M Munyua, P Nganga, Z Hiett, K Seal, B Feikin, DR Breiman, RF Njenga, MK AF Nderitu, Leonard Lee, John S. Omolo, Jared Omulo, Sylvia O'Guinn, Monica L. Hightower, Allen Mosha, Fausta Mohamed, Mohamed Munyua, Peninah Nganga, Zipporah Hiett, Kelli Seal, Bruce Feikin, Daniel R. Breiman, Robert F. Njenga, M. Kariuki TI Sequential Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in Eastern Africa Caused by Multiple Lineages of the Virus SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECENT COMMON ANCESTRY; SAUDI-ARABIA; KENYA; LIVESTOCK; MAURITANIA; ALIGNMENT; HUMANS AB Methods. Following confirmation of the RVF epidemic in Kenya on 19 December 2006 and in Tanzania on 2 February 2007, teams were sent to the field for case finding. Human, livestock, and mosquito specimens were collected and viruses isolated. The World Health Organization response team in Kenya worked with the WHO's polio surveillance team inside Somalia to collect information and specimens from Somalia. Results. Seven geographical foci that reported hundreds of livestock and > 25 cases in humans between December 2006 and June 2007 were identified. The onset of RVF cases in each epidemic focus was preceded by heavy rainfall and flooding for at least 10 days. Full-length genome analysis of 16 RVF virus isolates recovered from humans, livestock, and mosquitoes in 5 of the 7 outbreak foci revealed 3 distinct lineages of the viruses within and across outbreak foci. Conclusion. The findings indicate that the sequential RVF epidemics in the region were caused by multiple lineages of the RVF virus, sometimes independently activated or introduced in distinct outbreak foci. C1 [Nderitu, Leonard; Omulo, Sylvia; Hightower, Allen; Munyua, Peninah; Feikin, Daniel R.; Breiman, Robert F.; Njenga, M. Kariuki] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Global Dis Detect Div, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lee, John S.; O'Guinn, Monica L.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Omolo, Jared] Kenya Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mosha, Fausta; Mohamed, Mohamed] Tanzania Minist Hlth & Social Work, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Nganga, Zipporah] Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hiett, Kelli; Seal, Bruce] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Global Dis Detect Program, Unit 8900,Box 6610, Dpo, AE 09831 USA. EM knjenga@ke.cdc.gov FU US government through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases FX For this work was provided by the US government through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 203 IS 5 BP 655 EP 665 DI 10.1093/infdis/jiq004 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 717FD UT WOS:000287028000012 PM 21282193 ER PT J AU Shim, SH Baltrusaitis, J Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Shim, Sang Hee Baltrusaitis, Jonas Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Phomalevones A-C: Dimeric and Pseudodimeric Polyketides from a Fungicolous Hawaiian Isolate of Phoma sp. (Cucurbitariaceae) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; XANTHONE BIOSYNTHESIS; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; METABOLITES; EXCHANGE; DENSITY; ATOMS AB Phomalevones A-C (1-3), three new compounds with bis-dihydroxanthone and bis-benzophenone systems, were isolated from cultures of a Hawaiian isolate of Phoma sp. (MYC-1734 = NRRL, 39060; Cucurbitariaceae). The structures of 1-3 were determined by analysis of NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of the sp(3) stereocenters in the monomeric unit of 1 were assigned by application of Mosher's method, and overall absolute. configurations were proposed on the basis of ECD data using both computational methods and comparisons with literature data for model compounds. All three compounds showed antibacterial activity, and compounds 2 and 3 also exhibited antifungal effects. C1 [Shim, Sang Hee; Baltrusaitis, Jonas; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Shim, Sang Hee] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Wicklow, Donald T.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu RI Baltrusaitis, Jonas/F-9367-2013; OI Baltrusaitis, Jonas/0000-0001-5634-955X FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0718315, AGS 0927944]; Korea Research Foundation [E00075] FX We thank the staff of the University of Iowa High-Field NMR and Mass Spectrometry Facilities and Mr. S. Neff and Mr. N. Phatak for technical assistance. Support for this work from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0718315 to J.B.G. and AGS 0927944 to J.B.) is gratefully acknowledged, and a postdoctoral fellowship (to S.H.S.) from the Korea Research Foundation (E00075) is also appreciated. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 74 IS 3 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1021/np100791b PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 739DA UT WOS:000288691800015 PM 21247198 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Zasada, IA Orisajo, SB Morra, MJ AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Zasada, Inca A. Orisajo, Samuel B. Morra, Matthew J. TI Mustard seed meal mixtures: management of Meloidogyne incognita on pepper and potential phytotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amendment; biofuel byproducts; Brassica; glucosinolate; management; Meloidogyne incognita; mustard seed meal; root-knot nematode; Sinapis ID THIOCYANATE SCN-PRODUCTION; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; TYLENCHULUS-SEMIPENETRANS; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; SOIL AMENDMENTS; GREEN MANURE; SUPPRESSION; PRODUCTS; EFFICACY AB Meals produced when oil is extracted from seeds in the Brassicaceae have been shown to suppress weeds and soilborne pathogens. These seed meals are commonly used individually as soil amendments; the goal of this research was to evaluate seed meal mixes of Brassica juncea (Bj) and Sinapis alba (Sit) against Meloidogyne incognita. Seed meals from Bj 'Pacific Gold' and So 'IdaGold' were tested alone and in combinations to determine rates and application times that would suppress M. incognita on pepper (Capsicum annuum) without phytotoxicity. Rates of soil application (% w/w) for the phytotoxicity study were: 0.5 Sa, 0.2 Bj, 0.25 Sa + 0.25 Bj, 0.375 Sa + 0.125 Bj, 0.125 Sa + 0.375 Bj, and 0, applied 0 - 5 weeks before transplant. Overall, 0.2% Bj was the least toxic meal to pepper seedlings. By comparison, 0.5% S. alba seed meal did not reduce lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination at week 0, but all seed meal treatments containing B. juncea prevented or significantly reduced germination at week 0. The seed meals did not affect lettuce seed germination at weeks 1-5, but hypocotyl growth was reduced by all except 0.2% Bj at weeks 1, 4 and 5. Brassica juncea and Sa meals were tested for M. incognita suppression at 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05%; mixtures were 0.1% Sa + 0.1% Bj, 0.15% Sa + 0.05% Bj, and 0.05% Sa + 0.15% Bj. All treatments were applied 2 weeks before transplant. The 0.2% Bj and 0.05% Sa + 0.15% Bj treatments overall had the longest shoots and highest fresh weights. Eggs per g root were lowest with 0.1 - 0.2% Bj amendments and the seed meal mixtures. The results indicate that Bj and some Bj + Sa mixtures can be applied close to transplant to suppress M. incognita populations on pepper; consequently, a seed meal mixture could be selected to provide activity against more than one pest or pathogen. For pepper, care should be taken in formulating mixtures so that Sa rates are low compared to Bj. C1 [Meyer, Susan L. F.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zasada, Inca A.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Orisajo, Samuel B.] Cocoa Res Inst Nigeria, Crop Protect Div, Plant Pathol Sect, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. [Morra, Matthew J.] Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Bldg 010A,Rm 112B,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Susan.L.Meyer@ars.usda.gov RI Morra, Matthew/B-1723-2008 FU World Cocoa Foundation; USDA FX Thanks are extended to Shannon Rupprecht for greenhouse and laboratory work and data analysis, to Ashlee Green and Emily Brinker for assistance in the greenhouse and laboratory, and to Vladimir Borek for providing mustard seed meal. Dr. Orisajo's visit to the Nematology Laboratory was supported by a Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellows Program grant from the World Cocoa Foundation and the USDA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 895XO UT WOS:000300530200002 PM 22791910 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Moreno, C Ordovas, JM Smith, CE Baraza, JC Lee, YC Garaulet, M AF Sanchez-Moreno, Carmen Ordovas, Jose M. Smith, Caren E. Baraza, Juan C. Lee, Yu-Chi Garaulet, Marta TI APOA5 Gene Variation Interacts with Dietary Fat Intake to Modulate Obesity and Circulating Triglycerides in a Mediterranean Population SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN A5 GENE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PARTICLE-SIZE; HEART-DISEASE; BODY-MASS; PLASMA AB APOA5 is one of the strongest regulators of plasma TG concentrations; nevertheless, its mechanisms of action are poorly characterized. Genetic variability at the APOA5 locus has also been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, this predisposition could be attenuated in the context of a prudent diet as traditionally consumed in the Mediterranean countries. We have investigated the interaction between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the APOA5 gene (-1131T > C) and dietary fat that may modulate TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations and anthropometric measures in overweight and obese participants. We recruited 1465 participants from a Spanish population (20-65 y old; BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) attending outpatient obesity clinics. Consistent with previous reports, we found an association between the APOA5-1131T > C SNP and TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations that were higher in carriers of the minor allele than in noncarriers (P < 0.001). Moreover, we found a significant genotype-dietary fat interaction for obesity traits. Participants homozygous for the -1131T major allele had a positive association between fat intake and obesity, whereas in those carrying the APOA5-1131C minor allele, higher fat intakes were not associated with higher BMI. Likewise, we found genotype-dietary fat interactions for TG-rich lipoproteins (P < 0.001). In conclusion, we have replicated previous gene-diet interactions between APOA5 -1131T > C SNP and fat intake for obesity traits and detected a novel interaction for TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations. Our data support the hypothesis that the minor C-allele may protect those consuming a high-fat diet from obesity and elevated concentrations of TG-rich lipoproteins. J. Nutr. 141: 380-385, 2011. C1 [Ordovas, Jose M.; Smith, Caren E.; Lee, Yu-Chi; Garaulet, Marta] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sanchez-Moreno, Carmen; Baraza, Juan C.; Garaulet, Marta] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid 28029, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu FU Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia [BIO/FFA 07/01-0004]; Spanish Government of Science and Innovation [AGL2008-01655/ALI]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX Supported by the Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia (project BIO/FFA 07/01-0004) and by The Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (project AGL2008-01655/ALI); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant HL-54776); the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant no. DK075030); and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. M.G. and J.M.O. obtained funding. NR 49 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.3945/jn.110.130344 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 726LU UT WOS:000287724600005 PM 21209257 ER PT J AU Bhupathiraju, SN Lichtenstein, AH Dawson-Hughes, B Tucker, KL AF Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Tucker, Katherine L. TI Adherence Index Based on the AHA 2006 Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Is Associated with Select Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Older Puerto Ricans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NON-HISPANIC WHITE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DASH DIET; PATTERNS; MORTALITY; ADULTS; HYPERTENSION; PARADOX AB In 2006, the AHA released diet and lifestyle recommendations (AHA-DLR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. The effect of adherence to these recommendations on CVD risk is unknown. Our objective was to develop a unique diet and lifestyle score based on the AHA-DLR and to evaluate this score in relation to available CVD risk factors. In a cross-sectional study of Puerto Rican adults aged 45-75 y living in the greater Boston area, information was available for the following variables: diet (semiquantitative FFQ), blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), 10-y risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (Framingham risk,score), and fasting plasma lipids, serum glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. We developed a diet and lifestyle score (AHA-DLS) based on the AHA-DLR. The AHA-DLS had both internal consistency and content validity. It was associated with plasma HDL cholesterol (P = 0.001), serum insulin (P = 0.0003), and CRP concentrations (P = 0.02), WC (P < 0.0001), and 10-y risk of CHD score (P = 0.01 in women). The AHA-DLS was inversely associated with serum glucose among those with a BMI < 25 (P = 0.01). Women and men in the highest quartile of the AHA-DLS had lower serum insulin (P-trend = 0.0003) and CRP concentrations (P-trend = 0.002), WC (P-trend = 0.0003), and higher HDL cholesterol (P-trend = 0.008). The AHA-DLS is a useful tool to measure adherence to the AHA-DLR and may be used to examine associations between diet and lifestyle behaviors and CVD risk. J. Nutr. 141: 460-469, 2011. C1 [Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kl.tucker@neu.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Bhupathiraju, Shilpa/I-1209-2013; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIH [P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185] FX Supported by grants from the NIH (P01 AG023394 and P50 HL105185). NR 55 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3 BP 460 EP 469 DI 10.3945/jn.110.133603 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 726LU UT WOS:000287724600017 PM 21270369 ER PT J AU Hurley, KM Cross, MB Hughes, SO AF Hurley, Kristen M. Cross, Matthew B. Hughes, Sheryl O. TI A Systematic Review of Responsive Feeding and Child Obesity in High-Income Countries SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID INFANT WEIGHT-GAIN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; PARENTING PRACTICES; EATING BEHAVIORS; STYLE; MOTHERS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SAMPLE; BMI AB Child overweight/obesity continues to be a serious public health problem in high-income countries. The current review had 3 goals: 1) to summarize the associations between responsive feeding and child weight status in high-income countries; 2) to describe existing responsive feeding measures; and 31 to generate suggestions for future research. Articles were obtained from PubMed and PsycInfo using specified search criteria. The majority (24/31) of articles reported significant associations between nonresponsive feeding and child weight-for-height Z-score, BMI Z-score, overweight/obesity, or adiposity. Most studies identified were conducted exclusively in the United States (n = 22), were cross-sectional (n = 25), and used self-report feeding questionnaires (n = 28). A recent trend exists toward conducting research among younger children (i.e, infants and toddlers) and low-income and/or minority populations. Although current evidence suggests that nonresponsive feeding is associated with child BMI or overweight/obesity, more research is needed to understand causality, the reliability and validity between and within existing feeding measures, and to test the efficacy of responsive feeding interventions in the prevention and treatment of child overweight/obesity in high-income countries. J. Nutr. 141: 495-501, 2011. C1 [Hurley, Kristen M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cross, Matthew B.; Hughes, Sheryl O.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hurley, KM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM khulrey@peds.umaryland.edu OI Cross, Matthew B./0000-0002-9495-0976 FU International Nutrition Council; National Institute of Child Health and Development [HD043489] FX 1 Published as a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Presented as part of the symposium entitled "Responsive Feeding: Promoting Healthy Growth and Development for Infants and Toddlers" given at the Experimental Biology 2010 meeting, April 25, 2010, in Anaheim, CA. The symposium was sponsored by the International Nutrition Council. The symposium was chaired by Kristen Hurley and cochaired by Maureen Black. Guest Editor for this symposium publication was Laura Murray-Kolb. Guest Editor disclosure: Laura Murray-Kolb had no relationships to disclose.; 2 Supported by grant no. HD043489 from the National Institute of Child Health and Development. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. NR 51 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 10 U2 29 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 141 IS 3 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.3945/jn.110.130047 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 726LU UT WOS:000287724600023 PM 21270360 ER PT J AU Lu, N Chen, SP Wilske, B Sun, G Chen, JQ AF Lu, Nan Chen, Shiping Wilske, Burkhard Sun, Ge Chen, Jiquan TI Evapotranspiration and soil water relationships in a range of disturbed and undisturbed ecosystems in the semi-arid Inner Mongolia, China SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; soil water storage; land use; Inner Mongolia; semi-arid region; eddy-flux measurements ID CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ENERGY-BALANCE; DRY SEASON; LAND-USE; MOISTURE; STEPPE; TRANSPIRATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of water balance and is closely linked to ecosystem productivity. In arid regions, large proportion of precipitation (PPT) is returned to the atmosphere through ET, with only a small amount available to plants. Our objective was to examine the variability in ET-soil water relationship based on a set of ecosystems that are representative for semi-arid Inner Mongolia and its main land use practices. This study used Eddy covariance (EC) data of water vapor (i.e. ET, mm), PPT (mm), soil volumetric water content (VWC, %), root biomass density and soil properties from three paired sites in semi-arid Inner Mongolia: cropland (Cropland-D) versus undisturbed grassland (Steppe-D), grazed grassland (Grazed Steppe-X) versus fenced grassland (Fenced Steppe-X) and poplar plantation (Poplar-K) versus undisturbed shrubland (Shrubland-K). The paired sites experienced similar climate conditions and were equipped with the same monitoring systems. The ET/PPT ratio was significantly lower at Cropland-D and Grazed Steppe-X in comparison to the undisturbed grasslands, Steppe-D and Fenced Steppe-X. These differences are in part explained by the lower VWC in the upper soil layers associated with compaction of surface soil in heavily grazed and fallow fields. In contrast, the ET/PPT ratio was much higher at the poplar plantation compared to the undisturbed shrubland because poplar roots tap groundwater. The VWC of different soil layers responded differently to rainfall events across the six study sites. Except for Poplar-K, ET was significantly constrained by VWC at the other five sites, although the correlation coefficients varied among soil layers. The relative contribution of soil water to ET correlated with the density of root biomass in the soil (R-2 = 0.67, P < 0.01). The soil water storage in the upper 50 cm of soil contributed 59, 43, 64 and 23% of total water loss as ET at Steppe-D, Cropland-D, Shrubland-K and Poplar-K, respectively. Our across-site analysis indicates that the site level of soil water for ET differs between land use and land cover type due to altered root distribution and/or soil physical properties. As a result, we recommend that ecosystem models designed to predict the response of a wide variety of vegetation to climatic variation in arid regions include more detail in defining soil layers and interactions between evaporation, infiltration and root distribution patterns. C1 [Lu, Nan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Lu, Nan; Wilske, Burkhard; Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Chen, Shiping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM nanlv@rcees.ac.cn RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30928002]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of US [NN-H-04-Z-YS-005-N]; Outstanding Overseas Scientists Team, CAS; State Key Basic Research Development Program of China [2007CB106800]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB833501] FX Natural Science Foundation of China (30928002); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) - NEWS Program of US (NN-H-04-Z-YS-005-N); the Outstanding Overseas Scientists Team Project of CAS; the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2007CB106800); the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2010CB833501). NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 58 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-9921 J9 J PLANT ECOL-UK JI J. Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1093/jpe/rtq035 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 733FW UT WOS:000288249600005 ER PT J AU Cooper, B AF Cooper, Bret TI The Problem with Peptide Presumption and Low Mascot Scoring SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Orbitrap; Mascot; mass accuracy; false discovery rate; reverse database ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION; ACCURACY; SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMICS; DATABASES; PRECURSOR AB Mascot, a database-search algorithm, is used to deduce an amino acid sequence from a peptide tandem mass spectrum. The magnitude of the Ions score associated with each peptide mostly reflects the extent of b-y ion matching in a collision-induced dissociation spectrum. Recently, several studies have reported peptides identified with abnormally low Ions scores. While a majority of the spectra in these studies may be correctly assigned, low-scoring spectra could lack discernible b-y ion fragments needed to clearly delineate a peptide sequence. It appears that low-scoring identification may be predicated primarily on judgmental parent ion mass accuracy and that justification to include such low-scoring peptides may be based on inaccurate false discovery rate modeling. It is likely that additional scientific experimentation is needed or appropriate methodologies adopted before substandard fragment ion matching can be considered proof of peptide identification. C1 [Cooper, Bret] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bretcooper@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1432 EP 1435 DI 10.1021/pr101003r PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 729JD UT WOS:000287944000047 PM 21229988 ER PT J AU Dietrich, M Jacques, PF Polak, JF Keyes, MJ Pencina, MJ Evans, JC Wolf, PA Selhub, J Vasan, RS D'Agostino, RB AF Dietrich, Marion Jacques, Paul F. Polak, Joseph F. Keyes, Michelle J. Pencina, Michael J. Evans, Jane C. Wolf, Philip A. Selhub, Jacob Vasan, Ramachandran S. D'Agostino, Ralph B. TI Segment-Specific Association Between Plasma Homocysteine Level and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in the Framingham Offspring Study SO JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atherosclerosis; bifurcation segment (bulb); ultrasonography; plaque formation ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR AGING EVA; B-MODE ULTRASOUND; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; FOLIC-ACID; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; WALL THICKNESS; STROKE AB Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The relationship between tHcy and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) at the internal carotid artery (ICA)/bulb-IMT and common carotid artery (CCA)-IMT had not been systematically studied, however. Because the ICA/bulb segment is more prone to plaque formation than the CCA segment, differential associations with tHcy at these sites might suggest mechanisms of tHcy action. We examined the cross-sectional segment-specific relationships of tHcy to ICA/bulb-IMT and CCA-IMT in 2499 participants from the Framingham Offspring Study who were free of cardiovascular disease. In multivariate linear regression analysis, ICA/bulb-IMT was significantly higher in the fourth tHcy quartile category compared with the other quartile categories, in both the age- and sex-adjusted and the multivariate-adjusted models (P for trend <.0001 and <.01, respectively). We observed a significant age-by-tHcy interaction for ICA/bulb-IMT (P = .03) and thus stratified the analyses by median age (58 years). A significant positive trend between tHcy and ICA/bulb-IMT was seen in individuals age >= 58 years (P for trend <.01), but not in younger individuals (P for trend = .24) in multivariate-adjusted models. For CCA-IMT, no significant trends were observed in any of the analyses. The segment-specific association between elevated tHcy level and ICA/bulb-IMT suggests an association between tHcy and plaque formation. C1 [Dietrich, Marion; Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Polak, Joseph F.] Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA USA. [Polak, Joseph F.] Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Keyes, Michelle J.; Pencina, Michael J.; Evans, Jane C.; D'Agostino, Ralph B.] Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wolf, Philip A.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Wolf, Philip A.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; D'Agostino, Ralph B.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mariondietric@msn.com OI Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970 FU National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NO1-HC-25195, 2K24 HL04334, RO1 HL069003, RO1 HL081352]; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401] FX Supported by National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants NO1-HC-25195, 2K24 HL04334, RO1 HL069003, and RO1 HL081352.; This article is based on work supported by the US Department of Agriculture (58-1950-4-401). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1052-3057 J9 J STROKE CEREBROVASC JI J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.10.012 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 730PV UT WOS:000288047400011 PM 20580253 ER PT J AU Anderson, JF Ferrandino, FJ Dingman, DW Main, AJ Andreadis, TG Becnel, JJ AF Anderson, John F. Ferrandino, Francis J. Dingman, Douglas W. Main, Andrew J. Andreadis, Theodore G. Becnel, James J. TI CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CATCH BASINS IN CONNECTICUT WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS, BACILLUS SPHAERICUS, AND SPINOSAD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Catch basins; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis; Bacillus sphaericus; Culex pipiens; Aedes japonicus ID NATURALLY-DERIVED INSECTICIDE; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; CULEX MOSQUITOS; BIOINSECTICIDE SPINOSAD; LABORATORY EVALUATION; JAPONICUS DIPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION; NATURAL-PRODUCT; VECTOLEX CG(R); WASTE TIRES AB Catch basins are a major source of Culex pipiens pipiens, Cx. restuans, and Aedes japonicus in northeastern USA. VectoBac (R) CG (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis [Bti]), VectoLex (R) CG (Bacillus sphaericus [Bs]), and VectoBac (R) 12AS (Bti), each applied at maximum label rate of 1.8 g, 1.8 g, and 0.193 ml per catch basin, respectively, significantly reduced the numbers of larvae for 1 wk. The dosages on the labels for treatment of mosquito larvae in catch basins, where mosquito breeding is continuous, are not adequate for providing long-term control in the northeastern USA without the need for frequent retreatment. When applied at 3 times the maximum label rate, VectoLex CG, VectoBac 12AS, and VectoBac CG significantly reduced the numbers of larvae for 5, 4, and 2 wk, respectively. A single application of VectoMax (TM) WSP (Bti + Bs) (1 pouch containing 10 g) per catch basin significantly reduced the numbers of 3rd and 4th instars and healthy pupae in catch basins in 2008, but numbers of 3rd and 4th instars in treated catch basins at 21 days after treatment had increased to 40% of the numbers in untreated catch basins. A 2nd treatment of 1 pouch per catch basin reduced the numbers of 3rd and 4th instars and healthy pupae to near zero for the next 4 wk, into the middle of September 2008. In 2009, VectoMax applied as 1 pouch per catch basin on July 1 and again on August 18 significantly reduced the numbers of healthy pupae throughout the summer until the end of September. A 2nd application of VectoMax to catch basins is likely needed during summer, when rainfall averages 13.7 in. (similar to 34.25 cm) during June through September, to keep the numbers of Culex and Ae. japonicus significantly reduced to lower risk of human exposure to West Nile virus. The application of 1 Natular (TM) XRT tablet, each weighing approximately 40.5 g (6.25% spinosad), to individual catch basins in 2009 significantly reduced the total numbers of larvae for 5 wk. C1 [Anderson, John F.; Ferrandino, Francis J.; Dingman, Douglas W.; Andreadis, Theodore G.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Main, Andrew J.] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo 11511, Egypt. [Becnel, James J.] USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Anderson, JF (reprint author), Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, POB 1106, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. FU US Department of Agriculture [58-6615-1-218] FX We thank Michael Misencik and Angela Bransfield for their technical assistance in the field and laboratory. Bonnie Hamid assisted in the preparation of the manuscript. We thank Jeff Ritz, Brian Carey, and Peter Stallings from the town of Stratford, CT. James Andrews and Peter DeChant of Valent BioSciences Corporation, Libertyville, IL, generously provided the needed quantities of VectoMax WSP. Jim McNelly and Wally Terrill of Clarke Mosquito Control, Roselle, IL, enabled us to obtain the Natular XRT tablets. This work was supported in part by US Department of Agriculture Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6615-1-218. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973FE UT WOS:000306342900007 PM 21476447 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Muller, GC Kline, DL Barnard, DR AF Xue, Rui-De Mueller, Guenter C. Kline, Daniel L. Barnard, Donald R. TI EFFECT OF APPLICATION RATE AND PERSISTENCE OF BORIC ACID SUGAR BAITS APPLIED TO PLANTS FOR CONTROL OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; boric acid; residual effect; plant; sugar bait ID MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; ADULT MOSQUITOS; CULEX-PIPIENS; CULICIDAE AB The use of toxic bait to kill adult Aedes albopictus is a safe and potentially effective alternative to the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. This study was carried out to determine effective concentrations of boric acid needed in sugar bait solutions applied to plant surfaces, and to determine its residual effect in reducing adult mosquito densities. In outdoor tests in 1,100-m(3) screened enclosures, landing rates of Ae. albopictus on a human subject and the number of female mosquitoes in mechanical traps were significantly reduced by a 1% boric acid bait compared with the other tested concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) and untreated control. Studies of the duration of boric acid activity on plant surfaces were made in 1.4-m(3) cages in the laboratory and outdoors in 78-m(3) screened enclosures. In the laboratory tests, 1% boric acid bait resulted in.96% mortality in male and female Ae. albopictus for 14 days, whereas in outdoor tests, mosquito landing rates in the treated enclosures were significantly lower than in the control enclosures for 7 days. Also, mosquito mortality responses to boric acid baits between plants with flowers and nonflowers (1.4-m(3) cages in the laboratory) were not significantly different. The results of this study suggest that boric acid baits applied to plant surfaces may provide specific data related to the development of an effective point-source- based adjunct/alternative to the use of conventional adulticides for mosquito control. C1 [Xue, Rui-De] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. [Mueller, Guenter C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IMRIC, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis,Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Kline, Daniel L.; Barnard, Donald R.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, 500 Old Beach Rd, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973FE UT WOS:000306342900008 PM 21476448 ER PT J AU Wang, X Wadl, PA Pounders, C Trigiano, RN Cabrera, RI Scheffler, BE Pooler, M Rinehart, TA AF Wang, Xinwang Wadl, Phillip A. Pounders, Cecil Trigiano, Robert N. Cabrera, Raul I. Scheffler, Brian E. Pooler, Margaret Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Pedigree within Crapemyrtle Cultivars Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ornamental breeding; molecular markers; cultivar diversity; germplasm; SSR ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LAGERSTROEMIA; DNA; RECONSTRUCTION; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; DISTANCES; HYBRIDS; CLONES AB Genetic diversity was estimated for 51 Lagerstroemia indica L. cultivars, five Lagerstroemia fauriei Koehne cultivars, and 37 interspecific hybrids using 78 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. SSR loci were highly variable among the cultivars, detecting an average of 6.6 alleles (amplicons) per locus. Each locus detected 13.6 genotypes on average. Cluster analysis identified three main groups that consisted of individual cultivars from L. indica, L. fauriei, and their interspecific hybrids. However, only 18.1% of the overall variation was the result of differences between these groups, which may be attributable to pedigree-based breeding strategies that use current cultivars as parents for future selections. Clustering within each group generally reflected breeding pedigrees but was not supported by bootstrap replicates. Low statistical support was likely the result of low genetic diversity estimates, which indicated that only 25.5% of the total allele size variation was attributable to differences between the species L. indica and L. fauriei. Most allele size variation, or 74.5%, was common to L. indica and L. fauriei. Thus, introgression of other Lagestroemia species such as Lagestroemia limii Merr. (L. chekiangensis Cheng), Lagestroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., and Lagestroemia subcostata Koehne may significantly expand crapemyrtle breeding programs. This study verified relationships between existing cultivars and identified potentially untapped sources of germplasm. C1 [Wang, Xinwang; Cabrera, Raul I.; Rinehart, Timothy A.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Hort Sci, Texas Agrilife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Wadl, Phillip A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pounders, Cecil] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Pooler, Margaret] ARS, USDA, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Hort Sci, Texas Agrilife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM Tim.Rinehart@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USDA [58-6404-7-213] FX This work was supported by USDA Agreement no. 58-6404-7-213. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 136 IS 2 BP 116 EP 128 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 743PL UT WOS:000289030800005 ER PT J AU Junnila, A Kline, DL Muller, GC AF Junnila, Amy Kline, Daniel L. Mueller, Guenter C. TI Comparative efficacy of small commercial traps for the capture of adult Phlebotomus papatasi SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sand flies; Phlebotomus papatasi; sand fly traps; mosquito traps; Israel ID NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA; SAND FLIES DIPTERA; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN EGYPT; VECTOR CONTROL; JORDAN VALLEY; LIGHT TRAPS; DEAD-SEA; PSYCHODIDAE AB We tested the performance of ten commercial mosquito traps with varying attractive features, against three CDC traps (an unlit model 512, an incandescently lit model 512, and a UV lit model 1212) as well as simple sticky paper, for their ability to attract and capture Phlebotomus papatasi in Israel. The commercial traps tested were the Sentinel 360, the Combo Trap, the Mega Catch Premier, the Bug Eater, the EcoTrap, the Galaxie Power-Vac, the Biter Fighter, the Black Hole, the Mosquito Trap, the Mosquito Catcher, the Sonic Web, the Solar Pest Killer, and a Bug Zapper. The four best performing traps with the highest nightly catches were the Sentinel 360 (85.96 +/- 19.34), the Combo Trap (70.00 +/- 7.78), the Mega Catch Premier (51.93 +/- 1.82) and the UV lit CDC 1212 trap (47.64 +/- 3.43). Five traps, the Mosquito Trap, the Mosquito Catcher, the Sonic Web, the Solar Pest Killer, and the Bug Zapper, performed exceptionally poorly, catching an average of less than two sand flies per day. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive attempt to evaluate commercial traps for their effectiveness in catching sand flies, and we show here that some traps that have been effective in catching mosquitoes are also effective in catching sand flies. C1 [Junnila, Amy; Mueller, Guenter C.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Med, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, IMRIC,Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Kline, Daniel L.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Junnila, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Med, Kuvin Ctr Study Infect & Trop Dis, IMRIC,Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. FU United States Department of the Army, Space and Missile Defense Command [W81R6091285002] FX This project was a direct extension of studies funded by the United States Department of the Army, Space and Missile Defense Command, Deployed War Fighters Protection Project (DWFP) grant # W81R6091285002. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP S172 EP S178 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00128.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 729CZ UT WOS:000287927300023 PM 21366772 ER PT J AU Wan, YT Bechtel, PJ Sathivel, S AF Wan, Yuting Bechtel, Peter J. Sathivel, Subramaniam TI Physical and nutritional properties of baby food containing menhaden oil (Brevoortia tyrannus) and microencapsulated menhaden oil SO LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baby food; Menhaden oil; Microencapsulation ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; EMULSION-FILLED GELS; LONG-CHAIN N-3; FISH-OIL; TERM INFANTS; DRYING TECHNIQUES; VISUAL-ACUITY; WHEY-PROTEIN; DROPLET SIZE; OXIDATION AB Purified menhaden oil (PMO) was characterized and microencapsulated Baby foods containing PMO and microencapsulated purified menhaden oil (MPMO) were evaluated and compared PMO had higher total omega-3 total saturated total monounsaturated DHA and EPA contents than MPMO Emulsion containing PMO (EPMO) exhibited viscoelastic characteristic and droplet size of EPMO was around 2-10 mu m The DHA and EPA in the PMO were reduced in MPMO All baby-food samples with added fish oils had similar FFA values and color DHA and EPA of baby food were significantly increased by adding PMO and/or MPMO Total percent values for omega-3 fatty acids of extracted fat from commercial baby food (CB) commercial baby food containing PMO (BPMO) and commercial baby food containing MPMO (BMPMO) were 4 5 9 8 and 10 1% respectively (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Wan, Yuting; Sathivel, Subramaniam] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska, USDA, ARS, Subarct Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0023-6438 J9 LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL JI LWT-Food Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 44 IS 2 BP 576 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.08.002 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 686VF UT WOS:000284723800031 ER PT J AU Bull, RAS Cushman, SA Mace, R Chilton, T Kendall, KC Landguth, EL Schwartz, MK McKelvey, K Allendorf, FW Luikart, G AF Bull, R. A. Short Cushman, S. A. Mace, R. Chilton, T. Kendall, K. C. Landguth, E. L. Schwartz, M. K. McKelvey, K. Allendorf, Fred W. Luikart, G. TI Why replication is important in landscape genetics: American black bear in the Rocky Mountains SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; gene flow; habitat fragmentation; landscape genetics; landscape resistance modelling; noninvasive sampling; Ursus americanus ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; DISPERSAL; CORRIDOR; FEATURES; DIFFERENTIATION; CONNECTIVITY; WASHINGTON; CASCADES AB We investigated how landscape features influence gene flow of black bears by testing the relative support for 36 alternative landscape resistance hypotheses, including isolation by distance (IBD) in each of 12 study areas in the north central U.S. Rocky Mountains. The study areas all contained the same basic elements, but differed in extent of forest fragmentation, altitude, variation in elevation and road coverage. In all but one of the study areas, isolation by landscape resistance was more supported than IBD suggesting gene flow is likely influenced by elevation, forest cover, and roads. However, the landscape features influencing gene flow varied among study areas. Using subsets of loci usually gave models with the very similar landscape features influencing gene flow as with all loci, suggesting the landscape features influencing gene flow were correctly identified. To test if the cause of the variability of supported landscape features in study areas resulted from landscape differences among study areas, we conducted a limiting factor analysis. We found that features were supported in landscape models only when the features were highly variable. This is perhaps not surprising but suggests an important cautionary note - that if landscape features are not found to influence gene flow, researchers should not automatically conclude that the features are unimportant to the species' movement and gene flow. Failure to investigate multiple study areas that have a range of variability in landscape features could cause misleading inferences about which landscape features generally limit gene flow. This could lead to potentially erroneous identification of corridors and barriers if models are transferred between areas with different landscape characteristics. C1 [Bull, R. A. Short; Landguth, E. L.; Allendorf, Fred W.; Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cushman, S. A.; Landguth, E. L.; Schwartz, M. K.; McKelvey, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Mace, R.; Chilton, T.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Kendall, K. C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Porto, CIBIO, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Bull, RAS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM ruth.shortbull@umontana.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU U.S. Geological Survey; United States Forest Service; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB 074218]; NSF [DEB-1067613]; Portuguese-American Science Foundation; CIBIO-UP; Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) [PTDC/BIA-BDE/65625/2006] FX We thank the Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, as well as the U.S. Geological Survey for coordinating and collecting hair samples, which also includes the hundreds of employees and volunteers. We also thank the following agencies that provided other support: Blackfeet Nation; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest Connections; United States Bureau of Land Management; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; and Wildlife Genetics International. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and United States Forest Service. We also thank the bears that allowed this research to be possible. F. W. A., G. L., and R. S. were partially supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant DEB 074218. G. L. also was supported by an NSF grant (DEB-1067613) and the Portuguese-American Science Foundation, CIBIO-UP, and research grant PTDC/BIA-BDE/65625/2006 from the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT). NR 65 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 10 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1092 EP 1107 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04944.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 730YX UT WOS:000288074600004 PM 21261764 ER PT J AU Sial, AA Brunner, JF Garczynski, SF AF Sial, Ashfaq A. Brunner, Jay F. Garczynski, Stephen F. TI Biochemical characterization of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram resistance in laboratory-selected obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Obliquebanded leafroller; Chlorantraniliprole; Rynaxypyr; Spinetoram; Resistance mechanisms; Esterases; Mixed-function oxidases; Glutathione-S-transferase ID DETOXICATION ENZYME-ACTIVITY; AZINPHOSMETHYL RESISTANCE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; ANTHRANILIC DIAMIDES; SPINOSAD; POPULATIONS; MECHANISMS; MODE AB Neonate larvae of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, from a laboratory colony were exposed to two reduced-risk insecticides, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram. After nine generations of selection, significant levels of resistance to each insecticide were observed. Biochemical assays were performed on third instars to determine potential resistance mechanisms. Enzyme assays indicated that esterase activity was significantly increased in the chlorantraniliprole-selected colony, whereas mixed-function oxidase levels were elevated in the spinetoram-selected colony as compared to the unselected colony. No difference in glutathione-S-transferase activity was seen in either of the insecticide-selected colonies. These results indicate the potential involvement of esterases and mixed-function oxidases as detoxification mechanisms responsible for resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram, respectively. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram are not detoxified by similar mechanisms and could therefore be incorporated into resistance management programs in tree fruit leading to sustainable management of C rosaceana. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sial, Ashfaq A.; Brunner, Jay F.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Dept Entomol, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Garczynski, Stephen F.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Sial, AA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Dept Entomol, 1100 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM ashfaqsial@wsu.edu FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education [GW10-003] FX This study was sponsored by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, and Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (Project No. GW10-003). We thank Drs. John Brown (Washington State University), and Thomas Unruh and Lisa Neven (USDA-ARS) for their comments on the manuscript; Dr. John Dunley (Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Wenatchee) for his guidance and advice on the selection experiments, Mike Doerr (WSU) for his assistance in the standardizing diet incorporation bioassays, Kathy Pierre (WSU) for her help in maintaining colonies of C. rosaceana in the laboratory, and Robert McCurdy and Laura Willett (USDA-ARS) for their assistance in enzyme assays. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 99 IS 3 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.01.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 735MT UT WOS:000288419800011 ER PT J AU Gardner, DR Cook, D AF Gardner, Dale R. Cook, Daniel TI A Comparison of Alternative Sample Preparation Procedures for the Analysis of Swainsonine using LC-MS/MS SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Solid-phase extraction; cation exchange; swainsonine ID ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; ASTRAGALUS; OXYTROPIS; LOCOWEED; CANESCENS; SPP. AB Introduction - Swainsonine, a polyhydroxy indolizidine alkaloid and known glycosidase inhibitor, is found in a number of different plants that cause a lysosomal storage disease known as locoism in the western USA. Most recently swainsonine has been analysed by LC-MS/MS after sample extraction and preparation from ion-exchange resins. Objective - To compare previously published sample preparation procedures with several new alternative procedures to provide methods using either commercially available solid-phase extraction equipment or procedures which significantly reduce sample preparation time. Methodology - A previously reported and validated sample preparation method using ion-exchange resin was compared with methods using a commercially available solid-phase extraction cartridge, a solvent partitioning procedure or a single solvent extraction procedure using one of two solvents. Twenty different plant samples of varying swainsonine concentrations were prepared in triplicate and analysed by LC-MS/MS. The measured concentration of swainsonine was then statistically compared between methods. Results - There were no statistically significant differences found between four of the five different sample preparation methods tested. Conclusion - A commercially available SPE cartridge can be used to replace the previously used ion-exchange resin for swainsonine analysis. For very rapid analyses the SPE procedure can be eliminated and a simple, single solvent extraction step used for sample preparation. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gardner, Dale R.; Cook, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Gardner, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT USA. EM dale.gardner@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1002/pca.1257 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 727US UT WOS:000287828900005 PM 20799276 ER PT J AU Zheng, BL Chen, XM McCormick, S AF Zheng, Binglian Chen, Xuemei McCormick, Sheila TI The Anaphase-Promoting Complex Is a Dual Integrator That Regulates Both MicroRNA-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Cyclin B1 and Degradation of Cyclin B1 during Arabidopsis Male Gametophyte Development SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID DNA-DAMAGE CHECKPOINT; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; FISSION YEAST; GENES; THALIANA; FERTILIZATION; EXPRESSION; MDC1; PROLIFERATION AB The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), an essential ubiquitin protein ligase, regulates mitotic progression and exit by enhancing degradation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as CYCB1;1, whose transcripts are upregulated by DUO POLLEN1 (DUO1). DUO1 is required for cell division in male gametophytes and is a target of microRNA 159 (miR159) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whether APC/C is required for DUO1-dependent CYCB1; 1 regulation is unknown. Mutants in both APC8 and APC13 had pleiotrophic phenotypes resembling those of mutants affecting microRNA biogenesis. We show that these apc/c mutants had reduced miR159 levels and increased DUO1 and CYCB1; 1 transcript levels and that APC/C is required to recruit RNA polymerase II to MIR159 promoters. Thus, in addition to its role in degrading CYCB1; 1, APC/C stimulates production of miR159, which downregulates DUO1 expression, leading to reduced CYCB1; 1 transcription. Both MIR159 and APC8-yellow fluorescent protein accumulated in unicellular microspores and bicellular pollen but decreased in tricellular pollen, suggesting that spatial and temporal regulation of miR159 by APC/C ensures mitotic progression. Consistent with this, the percentage of mature pollen with no or single sperm-like cells increased in apc/c mutants and plants overexpressing APC8 partially mimicked the duo1 phenotype. Thus, APC/C is an integrator that regulates both microRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation of CYCB1; 1 and degradation of CYCB1;1. C1 [Zheng, Binglian; McCormick, Sheila] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Zheng, Binglian; McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Zheng, Binglian; Chen, Xuemei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zheng, Binglian; Chen, Xuemei] Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Integrat Genome Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@berkeley.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM61146]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0718029]; USDA Current Research Information System [5335-21000-030-00D] FX We thank Guang Wu for comments on the manuscript, Peng Qin and Hua Jiang for discussions and advice on phenotypic characterizations, Rebecca Haussmann for microscope assistance, and David Hantz and Julie Calfas for dedicated greenhouse maintenance. We also thank University of California-Berkeley undergraduates Daniel Park and Hugo Hua for technical assistance. We thank David Twell for pDUO1:DUO1-mRFP transgenic seeds, Fred Berger for pHTR10:HTR10-mRFP transgenic seeds, ABRC for SALK_056243 and SALK_027397 seeds, the YGRC/NBRP for providing the yeast apc8 mutant, Yuefeng Guan for modifying the pGWB7*, and Mily Ron for modifying the pGII-NLS3XGFP into a Gateway cassette vector. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM61146) and the National Science Foundation (MCB-0718029) to X. C. and the USDA Current Research Information System (5335-21000-030-00D) to S.M. NR 56 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1046 DI 10.1105/tpc.111.083980 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 754UW UT WOS:000289884200019 PM 21441434 ER PT J AU Haudenshield, JS Hartman, GL AF Haudenshield, James S. Hartman, Glen L. TI Exogenous Controls Increase Negative Call Veracity in Multiplexed, Quantitative PCR Assays for Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INTERNAL POSITIVE CONTROL; GENE-EXPRESSION; INHIBITORS; QUANTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; DNA AB Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) utilizing specific primer sequences and a fluorogenic, 5'-exonuclease linear hydrolysis probe is well established as a detection and identification method for Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P meibomiae, two rust pathogens of soybean. Because of the extreme sensitivity of Q-PCR, the DNA of single urediniospores of these fungi can be detected from total DNA extracts of environmental samples. However, some DNA preparations unpredictably contain PCR inhibitors that increase the frequency of false negatives indistinguishable from true negatives. Three synthetic DNA molecules of arbitrary sequence were constructed as multiplexed internal controls (ICs) to cull false-negative results by producing a positive signal to validate the PCR process within each individual reaction. The first two, PpaIC and PmeIC, are a single-stranded oligonucleotide flanked by sequences complementary to the primers of either the P. pachyrhizi or P meibomiae primary assay but hybridizing to a unique fluorogenic probe; the third contains unique primer- and probe-binding sequences, and was prepared as a cloned DNA fragment in a linearized plasmid. These ICs neither qualitatively nor quantitatively affected their primary assays. PpaIC and PmeIC were shown to successfully identify false-negative reactions resulting from endogenous or exogenous inhibitors, and can be readily adapted to function in a variety of diagnostic Q-PCR assays; the plasmid was found to successfully validate true negatives in similar Q-PCR assays for other soybean pathogens, as well as to function as a tracer molecule during DNA extraction and recovery. C1 [Haudenshield, James S.; Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu FU United Soybean Board FX We thank C. R. Bowen for assistance with statistical analyses and interpretation, J. Hennen and T. A. Pham for archival rust-infected specimens, and the United Soybean Board for financial support. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-10-0023 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725BT UT WOS:000287620900017 ER PT J AU Rivarola, M Chan, AP Liebke, DE Melake-Berhan, A Quan, H Cheung, F Ouyang, S Folta, KM Slovin, JP Rabinowicz, PD AF Rivarola, Maximo Chan, Agnes P. Liebke, David E. Melake-Berhan, Admasu Quan, Hui Cheung, Foo Ouyang, Shu Folta, Kevin M. Slovin, Janet P. Rabinowicz, Pablo D. TI Abiotic Stress-Related Expressed Sequence Tags from the Diploid Strawberry Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEINS; RESPONSIVE GENE-EXPRESSION; HIGH-SALINITY STRESSES; WATER-STRESS; FUNCTIONAL-GENOMICS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CDNA MICROARRAY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SALT STRESS; DROUGHT AB Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is a eudicotyledonous plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family, which includes other agronomically important plants such as raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and several tree-fruit species. Despite the vital role played by cultivated strawberry in agriculture, few stress-related gene expression characterizations of this crop are available. To increase the diversity of available Fragaria transcriptome sequence, we produced 41,430 Fragaria vesca L. expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from plants growing under water-, temperature-, and osmotic-stress conditions as well as a combination of heat and osmotic stresses that is often found in irrigated fields. Clustering and assembling of the ESTs resulted in a total of 11,836 contigs and singletons that were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Furthermore, over 1200 sequences with no match to available Rosaceae ESTs were found, including six that were assigned the "response to stress" GO category. Analysis of EST frequency provided an estimate of steady state transcript levels, with 91 sequences exhibiting at least a 20-fold difference between treatments. This EST collection represents a useful resource to advance our understanding of the abiotic stress-response mechanisms in strawberry. The sequence information may be translated to valuable tree crops in the Rosaceae family, where whole-plant treatments are not as simple or practical. C1 [Slovin, Janet P.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rivarola, Maximo; Liebke, David E.; Rabinowicz, Pablo D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Rabinowicz, Pablo D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dep Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chan, Agnes P.; Melake-Berhan, Admasu; Quan, Hui; Cheung, Foo; Ouyang, Shu; Rabinowicz, Pablo D.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Folta, Kevin M.] Univ Florida, Hort Sci Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Folta, Kevin M.] Univ Florida, Grad Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Slovin, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.slovin@ars.usda.gov; prabinowicz@som.umaryland.edu RI Rivarola, Maximo/C-1261-2014; OI Rivarola, Maximo/0000-0003-2818-1037 FU USDA-CSREES grant [USDA-59-1275-5-364]; PDR (CoPI) FX This research was supported by a USDA-CSREES grant (USDA-59-1275-5-364) to JPS (PI) and PDR (CoPI). We thank the J. Craig Venter Institute's Joint Technology Center and the Informatics group for carrying out sequencing and bioinformatics support, respectively. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2010.08.0018 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058UY UT WOS:000312661400002 ER PT J AU Heffner, EL Jannink, JL Sorrells, ME AF Heffner, Elliot L. Jannink, Jean-Luc Sorrells, Mark E. TI Genomic Selection Accuracy using Multifamily Prediction Models in a Wheat Breeding Program SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENOMEWIDE SELECTION; COMPLEX TRAITS; DAIRY-CATTLE; HUMAN HEIGHT; ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS; RIDGE-REGRESSION; UNIT TIME AB Genomic selection (GS) uses genome-wide molecular marker data to predict the genetic value of selection candidates in breeding programs. In plant breeding, the ability to produce large numbers of progeny per cross allows GS to be conducted within each family. However, this approach requires phenotypes of lines from each cross before conducting GS. This will prolong the selection cycle and may result in lower gains per year than approaches that estimate marker-effects with multiple families from previous selection cycles. In this study, phenotypic selection (PS), conventional marker-assisted selection (MAS), and GS prediction accuracy were compared for 13 agronomic traits in a population of 374 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) advanced-cycle breeding lines. A cross-validation approach that trained and validated prediction accuracy across years was used to evaluate effects of model selection, training population size, and marker density in the presence of genotype x environment interactions (GxE). The average prediction accuracies using GS were 28% greater than with MAS and were 95% as accurate as PS. For net merit, the average accuracy across six selection indices for GS was 14% greater than for PS. These results provide empirical evidence that multifamily GS could increase genetic gain per unit time and cost in plant breeding. C1 [Heffner, Elliot L.; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu FU USDA National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive Grant from National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2005-38420-15785]; USDA-NIFA [2009-85606-05701, 2009-65300-05661]; USDA-NIFA National Research Initiative CAP grant [2005-05130]; Hatch [149-402] FX The authors express deep gratitude to the late Walter Federer for his advice on field designs and his many contributions to plant breeding during his career. The authors thank Edward Souza and the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory in Wooster, OH, for their careful evaluations of milling and baking quality. The authors also thank Aaron Lorenz, Jesse Poland, and Adam Famoso for their helpful suggestions and Gael Pressoir for his valuable insights at the beginning of this project. Support for the work of Elliot Heffner was provided by USDA National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive Grant No. 2005-38420-15785 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Support for the work of Jean-Luc Jannink was provided by USDA-NIFA grant No. 2009-85606-05701 and No. 2009-65300-05661. Additional funding for this research was provided by USDA-NIFA National Research Initiative CAP grant No. 2005-05130 and by Hatch 149-402. NR 76 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 66 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2010.12.0029 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058UY UT WOS:000312661400007 ER PT J AU von Zitzewitz, J Cuesta-Marcos, A Condon, F Castro, AJ Chao, SM Corey, A Filichkin, T Fisk, SP Gutierrez, L Haggard, K Karsai, I Muehlbauer, GJ Smith, KP Veisz, O Hayes, PM AF von Zitzewitz, Jarislav Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso Condon, Federico Castro, Ariel J. Chao, Shiaoman Corey, Ann Filichkin, Tanya Fisk, Scott P. Gutierrez, Lucia Haggard, Kale Karsai, Ildiko Muehlbauer, Gary J. Smith, Kevin P. Veisz, Otto Hayes, Patrick M. TI The Genetics of Winterhardiness in Barley: Perspectives from Genome-Wide Association Mapping SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; FALSE DISCOVERY RATES; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HEADING DATE QTL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; VERNALIZATION GENES AB Winterhardiness is a complex trait that involves low temperature tolerance (LTT), vernalization sensitivity, and photoperiod sensitivity. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these traits were first identified using biparental mapping populations; candidate genes for all loci have since been identified and characterized. In this research we used a set of 148 accessions consisting of advanced breeding lines from the Oregon barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp vulgare) breeding program and selected cultivars that were extensively phenotyped and genotyped with single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using these data for genome-wide association mapping we detected the same QTL and genes that have been systematically characterized using biparental populations over nearly two decades of intensive research. In this sample of germplasm, maximum LTT can be achieved with facultative growth habit, which can be predicted using a three-locus haplotype involving FR-H1, FR-H2, and VRN-H2. The FR-H1 and FR-H2 LTT QTL explained 25% of the phenotypic variation, offering the prospect that additional gains from selection can be achieved once favorable alleles are fixed at these loci. C1 [von Zitzewitz, Jarislav; Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso; Corey, Ann; Filichkin, Tanya; Fisk, Scott P.; Haggard, Kale; Hayes, Patrick M.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [von Zitzewitz, Jarislav] Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Programa Nacl Invest Cult Secano, Est Exp La Estanzuela, Colonia 70000, Uruguay. [Condon, Federico] Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Unidad Recursos Genet, Est Exp La Estanzuela, Colonia 70000, Uruguay. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.; Smith, Kevin P.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Karsai, Ildiko; Veisz, Otto] Hungarian Acad Sci, Agr Res Inst, H-2462 Martonvasar, Hungary. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Castro, Ariel J.] Univ Republ, Dept Prod Vegetal, Est Exp Dr Mario A Cassinoni, Paysandu 60000, Uruguay. [Gutierrez, Lucia] Univ Republica, Fac Agron, Dept Biometria Estadist & Comp, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Patrick.M.Hayes@oregonstate.edu RI Meszaros, Klara/B-3286-2013; Veisz, Otto Balint/B-3018-2013; Karsai, Ildiko/B-2927-2013 FU USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722] FX We would like to thank B. Cooper, G, Hanning, J. Heward (Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc.), S. Petrie, and K. Rhinhart (Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center) for assistance with field assays of low temperature tolerance. This research was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No. 2006-55606-16722, "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement." NR 73 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 76 EP 91 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2010.12.0030 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 058UY UT WOS:000312661400008 ER PT J AU Jurat-Fuentes, JL Karumbaiah, L Jakka, SRK Ning, CM Liu, CX Wu, KM Jackson, J Gould, F Blanco, C Portilla, M Perera, O Adang, M AF Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis Karumbaiah, Lohitash Jakka, Siva Rama Krishna Ning, Changming Liu, Chenxi Wu, Kongming Jackson, Jerreme Gould, Fred Blanco, Carlos Portilla, Maribel Perera, Omaththage Adang, Michael TI Reduced Levels of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase Are Common to Lepidopteran Strains Resistant to Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; P38 MAP KINASE; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; PINK-BOLLWORM; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BINDING-PROTEINS; PORE FORMATION; BT COTTON AB Development of insect resistance is one of the main concerns with the use of transgenic crops expressing Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Identification of biomarkers would assist in the development of sensitive DNA-based methods to monitor evolution of resistance to Bt toxins in natural populations. We report on the proteomic and genomic detection of reduced levels of midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (mALP) as a common feature in strains of Cry-resistant Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera frugiperda when compared to susceptible larvae. Reduced levels of H. virescens mALP protein (HvmALP) were detected by two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis in Cry-resistant compared to susceptible larvae, further supported by alkaline phosphatase activity assays and Western blotting. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) we demonstrate that the reduction in HvmALP protein levels in resistant larvae are the result of reduced transcript amounts. Similar reductions in ALP activity and mALP transcript levels were also detected for a Cry1Ac-resistant strain of H. armigera and field-derived strains of S. frugiperda resistant to Cry1Fa. Considering the unique resistance and cross-resistance phenotypes of the insect strains used in this work, our data suggest that reduced mALP expression should be targeted for development of effective biomarkers for resistance to Cry toxins in lepidopteran pests. C1 [Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis; Jakka, Siva Rama Krishna] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. [Karumbaiah, Lohitash; Adang, Michael] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ning, Changming; Liu, Chenxi; Wu, Kongming] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jackson, Jerreme] Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. [Gould, Fred] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Blanco, Carlos] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. [Portilla, Maribel; Perera, Omaththage] ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Adang, Michael] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jurat-Fuentes, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. EM jurat@utk.edu OI Karumbaiah, Lohitash/0000-0001-7969-417X; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2004-35607-14936, 2008-39211-19577] FX This material is based upon work supported by Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under National Research Initiative Award No. 2004-35607-14936 to M.J.A. and J.L.J.-F., and Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant Award No. 2008-39211-19577 to J.L.J.-F. and O.P.P. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 69 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 1 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR e17606 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017606 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729ET UT WOS:000287932100025 PM 21390253 ER PT J AU Beckstead, J Street, LE Meyer, SE Allen, PS AF Beckstead, Julie Street, Laura E. Meyer, Susan E. Allen, Phil S. TI Fire Effects on the Cheatgrass Seed Bank Pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; Bromus tectorum; natural enemies; plant microbial interactions; thermal death point ID STAND-REPLACING WILDFIRE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-BASIN; TEMPERATURES; COMMUNITIES; INVASIONS; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; PRAIRIE AB The generalist fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda occurs primarily in cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) seed banks, where it causes high mortality. We investigated the relationship between this pathogen and its cheatgrass host in the context of fire, asking whether burning would facilitate host escape from the pathogen or increase host vulnerability. We used a series of laboratory and field experiments to address the ability of host seeds and pathogen life stages to survive fire. First, we determined the thermal death point (TDP(50); temperature causing 50% mortality) of seeds and pathogen propagules at two time intervals using a muffle furnace. We then measured peak fire temperatures in prescribed burns at sites in Utah and Washington and quantified seed and fungal propagule survival using pre- and postburn seed bank sampling and inoculum bioassays. Finally, we investigated the survival of both seeds and pathogen after wildfires. We found that radiant heat generated by both prescribed and wild cheatgrass monoculture fires was generally not sufficient to kill either host seeds or pathogen propagules; most mortality was apparently due to direct consumption by flames. The 5-min mean TDP(50) was 164 degrees C for pathogen propagules and 148 degrees C for host seeds, indicating that the pathogen is more likely to survive fire than the seeds. Peak fire temperature at the surface in the prescribed burns averaged 130 degrees C. Fire directly consumed 85-98% of the viable seed bank, but prescribed burns and wildfires generally did not lead to dramatic reductions in pathogen inoculum loads. We conclude that the net effect of fire on this pathosystem is not large. Rapid postburn recovery of both host and associated pathogen populations is the predicted outcome. Postfire management of residual cheatgrass seed banks should be facilitated by the persistent presence of this seed bank pathogen. C1 [Beckstead, Julie; Street, Laura E.] Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. [Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Allen, Phil S.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Beckstead, J (reprint author), Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. EM beckstead@gonzaga.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [JFSP-2007-1-3-10]; CSREES NRI Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species [2008.35320-18677]; Gonzaga Science Research Program; Northeast Chapter of the Washington Native Plant Society FX Research was funded in part by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP-2007-1-3-10; J.B., S.E.M., P.S.A.), the CSREES NRI Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program (2008.35320-18677; J.B., S.E.M., P.S.A.), Gonzaga Science Research Program (J.B.), and a grant from the Northeast Chapter of the Washington Native Plant Society (L.E.S.). NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00052.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739QR UT WOS:000288733400005 ER PT J AU Tinkham, WT Huang, HY Smith, AMS Shrestha, R Falkowski, MJ Hudak, AT Link, TE Glenn, NF Marks, DG AF Tinkham, Wade T. Huang, Hongyu Smith, Alistair M. S. Shrestha, Rupesh Falkowski, Michael J. Hudak, Andrew T. Link, Timothy E. Glenn, Nancy F. Marks, Danny G. TI A Comparison of Two Open Source LiDAR Surface Classification Algorithms SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; algorithm; filtering; DTM; MCC; BCAL ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; NEAREST-NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION; ELEVATION; ACCURACY; CANOPY; ENVIRONMENTS; VEGETATION; DENSITY; HEIGHTS; MODELS AB With the progression of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) towards a mainstream resource management tool, it has become necessary to understand how best to process and analyze the data. While most ground surface identification algorithms remain proprietary and have high purchase costs; a few are openly available, free to use, and are supported by published results. Two of the latter are the multiscale curvature classification and the Boise Center Aerospace Laboratory LiDAR (BCAL) algorithms. This study investigated the accuracy of these two algorithms (and a combination of the two) to create a digital terrain model from a raw LiDAR point cloud in a semi-arid landscape. Accuracy of each algorithm was assessed via comparison with >7,000 high precision survey points stratified across six different cover types. The overall performance of both algorithms differed by only 2%; however, within specific cover types significant differences were observed in accuracy. The results highlight the accuracy of both algorithms across a variety of vegetation types, and ultimately suggest specific scenarios where one approach may outperform the other. Each algorithm produced similar results except in the ceanothus and conifer cover types where BCAL produced lower errors. C1 [Tinkham, Wade T.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Link, Timothy E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Huang, Hongyu] Fuzhou Univ, Spatial Informat Res Ctr, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Shrestha, Rupesh; Glenn, Nancy F.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Falkowski, Michael J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Marks, Danny G.] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Tinkham, WT (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Coll Nat Resources, 975 W 6th St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tink8633@vandals.uidaho.edu; hongyu.huang@gmail.com; alistair@uidaho.edu; shrerupe@isu.edu; mjfalkow@mtu.edu; ahudak@fs.fed.us; tlink@uidaho.edu; glennanc@isu.edu; ars.danny@gmail.com RI Shrestha, Rupesh/E-4420-2011; Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014; Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; OI Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654; Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Shrestha, Rupesh/0000-0002-3140-6623 FU NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program; NSF [EPS-0814387, CBET-0854553] FX We thank N. Brewer, J. Hyde, T. Erickson, and Eder Moreira for their contribution to the field survey, Watershed Sciences, Inc. for the LiDAR data acquisition, and the ARS-Northwest Watershed Research Centre technicians for field assistance. This study is supported by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the NSF under award numbers EPS-0814387 and CBET-0854553. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 3 BP 638 EP 649 DI 10.3390/rs3030638 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978MM UT WOS:000306745800013 ER PT J AU Pelletier, MG Viera, JA Schwartz, RC Evett, SR Lascano, RJ McMichael, RL AF Pelletier, Mathew G. Viera, Joseph A. Schwartz, Robert C. Evett, Steven R. Lascano, Robert J. McMichael, Robert L. TI Analysis of Coaxial Soil Cell in Reflection and Transmission SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE TDR; cotton moisture; moisture sensing; permittivity; microwave sensing; microwave moisture ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER-CONTENT; DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTRA AB Accurate measurement of moisture content is a prime requirement in hydrological, geophysical and biogeochemical research as well as for material characterization and process control. Within these areas, accurate measurements of the surface area and bound water content is becoming increasingly important for providing answers to many fundamental questions ranging from characterization of cotton fiber maturity, to accurate characterization of soil water content in soil water conservation research to bio-plant water utilization to chemical reactions and diffusions of ionic species across membranes in cells as well as in the dense suspensions that occur in surface films. In these bound water materials, the errors in the traditional time-domain-reflectometer, "TDR", exceed the range of the full span of the material's permittivity that is being measured. Thus, there is a critical need to re-examine the TDR system and identify where the errors are to direct future research. One promising technique to address the increasing demands for higher accuracy water content measurements is utilization of electrical permittivity characterization of materials. This technique has enjoyed a strong following in the soil-science and geological community through measurements of apparent permittivity via time-domain-reflectometery as well in many process control applications. Recent research however, is indicating a need to increase the accuracy beyond that available from traditional TDR. The most logical pathway then becomes a transition from TDR based measurements to network analyzer measurements of absolute permittivity that will remove the adverse effects that high surface area soils and conductivity impart onto the measurements of apparent permittivity in traditional TDR applications. This research examines the theoretical basis behind the coaxial probe, from which the modern TDR probe originated from, to provide a basis on which to perform absolute permittivity measurements. The research reveals currently utilized formulations in accepted techniques for permittivity measurements which violate the underlying assumptions inherent in the basic models due to the TDR acting as an antenna by radiating energy off the end of the probe, rather than returning it back to the source as is the current assumption. To remove the effects of radiation from the experimental results obtain herein, this research utilized custom designed coaxial probes of various diameters and probe lengths by which to test the coaxial cell measurement technique for accuracy in determination of absolute permittivity. In doing so, the research reveals that the basic models available in the literature all omitted a key correction factor that is hypothesized by this research as being most likely due to fringe capacitance. To test this theory, a Poisson model of a coaxial cell was formulated to calculate the effective extra length provided by the fringe capacitance which is then used to correct the experimental results such that experimental measurements utilizing differing coaxial cell diameters and probe lengths, upon correction with the Poisson model derived correction factor, all produce the same results thereby lending support for the use of an augmented measurement technique, described herein, for measurement of absolute permittivity, as opposed to the traditional TDR measurement of apparent permittivity. C1 [Pelletier, Mathew G.] ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Viera, Joseph A.] Sensors Grp Microsemi Corp Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. [Schwartz, Robert C.; Evett, Steven R.] ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Lascano, Robert J.] ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [McMichael, Robert L.] ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Pelletier, MG (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM Mathew.Pelletier@ars.usda.gov; jviera@microsemi.com; Robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov; Steve.evett@ars.usda.gov; Robert.lascano@ars.usda.gov; Bobbie.mcmichael@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD MAR PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2592 EP 2610 DI 10.3390/s110302592 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 740IT UT WOS:000288786900019 PM 22163757 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ Reeves, JB Collins, HP Paul, EA AF Calderon, Francisco J. Reeves, James B., III Collins, Harold P. Paul, Eldor A. TI Chemical Differences in Soil Organic Matter Fractions Determined by Diffuse-Reflectance Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON; DYNAMICS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; DECOMPOSITION; ABUNDANCE; FTIR AB We performed mid-infrared (MidIR) spectral interpretation of fractionated fresh and incubated soils to determine changes in soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry during incubation. Soils from four sites and three depths were processed to obtain the light fraction (LF), particulate organic matter (POM), silt-sized (silt), and clay-sized (clay) fractions. Our results show that the LF and clay fractions have distinct spectral features regardless of site. The LF is characterized by absorbance at 3400 cm(-1), as well as between 1750 and 1350 cm(-1). The clay fraction is distinguished by absorption near 1230 cm(-1), and absorption at 780 to 620 cm(-1). The POM, like the LF, absorbs at the broad peak at 1360 cm(-1). High SOM soils are characterized by absorbance at 1230 cm(-1), a band for aromatics, possibly associated with resistant C. Soils from different sampling depths have specific spectral properties. A band at 1330 cm(-1) is characteristic of shallow depths. Because of their low organic matter (OM) content, the deeper samples are characterized by mineral bands such as quartz, clays, and carbonate. Spectroscopic data indicates that the clay fraction and the LF suffered measurable chemical transformations during the 800-d incubation, but the POM and silt fraction did not. As the LF decomposes, it loses absorbance at 3400, 1223, and 2920 to 2860 cm(-1). The band at 1630 cm(-1) increased during incubation, suggesting a resistant form of organic C. The clay fraction suffered changes that were opposite to those of the LF, indicating that LF decomposition and clay decomposition follow different chemistries. C1 [Calderon, Francisco J.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Reeves, James B., III] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utuilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Collins, Harold P.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Lab, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Paul, Eldor A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. DOE, Office of Research [DE-FGO3-00ER 66297] FX We want to thank Michelle Haddix, Michael Pappas, and Brandon Peterson for all their help with the sample preparation and laboratory analyses. Thanks to Shawel Haile-Mariam for previous research done with this sample set. This study was partially funded by a grant to E. A. Paul from the U.S. DOE, Office of Research, DE-FGO3-00ER 66297. Soil analyses presented in Table 1 were carried out at the Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University. Thanks to the Ohio State University, University of Minnesota, and the KBS NSF-LTER, Michigan State University, for access to the research plots. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 60 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 568 EP 579 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0375 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 740XF UT WOS:000288827000025 ER PT J AU Bainbridge, B Baum, KA Saenz, D Adams, CK AF Bainbridge, Ben Baum, Kristen A. Saenz, Daniel Adams, Cory K. TI Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavity-tree Damage by Hurricane Rita: An Evaluation of Contributing Factors SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WIND DAMAGE; FOREST; PINE; MANAGEMENT; DISTURBANCE; INTENSITY; BEHAVIOR; MIDSTORY; IMPACTS; KATRINA AB Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker) is an endangered species inhabiting pine savannas of the southeastern United States. Because the intensity of hurricanes striking the southeastern United States is likely to increase as global temperatures rise, it is important to identify factors contributing to hurricane damage to Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity-trees. Our objectives were to examine the effects of landscape-level factors on wind damage to cavity-trees and assess the relative risk of wind damage for different tree species and trees with different types of cavities. We evaluated wind damage to cavity-trees from Hurricane Rita on the Angelina, Sabine, and Davy Crockett national forests in eastern Texas. Basal area and number of cavity-trees in a cluster were identified as factors influencing the likelihood of damage to a cavity-tree. The likelihood of damage increased with decreasing basal area and an increasing number of cavity trees in a cluster. The increase in damage associated with an increase in the number of cavity-trees in a cluster likely reflects an increase in cluster area with more cavity-trees and the maintenance of lower basal areas in clusters to meet the habitat requirements of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. Therefore, increasing basal area is not a reasonable management option because clusters will become unsuitable for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. A higher proportion of trees with natural cavities were damaged than trees with artificial cavities in all three forests. A higher proportion of Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine) cavity-trees were damaged than Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) or Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) cavity-trees. Longleaf Pine cavity-trees were more likely to snap at the cavity, compared to a higher likelihood of wind throw for Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine cavity-trees. Restoring Longleaf Pine habitat and allowing stands to develop under lower tree densities could decrease the likelihood of damage to cavity-trees and the impact of hurricanes on Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. C1 [Bainbridge, Ben; Baum, Kristen A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Saenz, Daniel; Adams, Cory K.] US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Baum, KA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, 501 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM kristen.baum@okstate.edu FU Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab, Southern Research Station, United States Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX; Payne County Audubon Society; Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK FX Financial assistance for this study was provided by the Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab, Southern Research Station, United States Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX; the Payne County Audubon Society; and the Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. We thank K. McBee, T. O'Connell, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank J. Pierce for field and technical assistance. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1656/058.010.0102 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976RB UT WOS:000306600900002 ER PT J AU Chaverri, P Salgado, C Hirooka, Y Rossman, AY Samuels, GJ AF Chaverri, P. Salgado, C. Hirooka, Y. Rossman, A. Y. Samuels, G. J. TI Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canker-causing fungi; molecular systematics; Nectria-like fungi; phylogeny; polyphasic taxonomy; root-rotting fungi; sequence analysis; systematics; taxonomy ID VERTICILLIUM SECTION PROSTRATA; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; REVISION; GENUS; DESTRUCTANS; EVOLUTION; TAXONOMY AB Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genus Cylindrocarpon. Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectria sensu stricto and Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarpon sensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu lab. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N. coccinea-group and Cylindrocarpon groups 1 & 4 (Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto); (2) N. rugulosa-group (Rugonectria gen. nov.); (3) N. mammoidea/N. veuillotiana-groups and Cylindrocarpon group 2 (Thelonectria gen. nov.); (4) N. radicicola-group and Cylindrocarpon group 3 (Ilyonectria gen. nov.); and (5) anamorph genus Campylocarpon. Characteristics of the anamorphs and teleomorphs correlate with the five genera, three of which are newly described. New combinations are made for species where their classification is confirmed by phylogenetic data. C1 [Chaverri, P.; Salgado, C.; Hirooka, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hirooka, Y.; Rossman, A. Y.; Samuels, G. J.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chaverri, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pchaverr@umd.edu OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 FU United States National Science Foundation [DEB-0925696] FX We appreciate the nomenclatural advice given by Drew Minnis (USDA). We also greatly appreciate the assistance of Adam Bazinet (UMD) in the use of the GRID-computing system. This study was funded by a grant from United States National Science Foundation (PEET program) DEB-0925696: "Monographic Studies in the Nectriaceae, Hypocreales: Nectria, Cosmospora, and Neonectria" to University of Maryland (P. Chaverri, G.J. Samuels & A.Y. Rossman). NR 75 TC 68 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 24 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 85167, 3508 AD UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 EI 1872-9797 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PD MAR PY 2011 IS 68 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.3114/sim.2011.68.03 PG 22 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 741AA UT WOS:000288834300004 PM 21523189 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Vogel, JR Eigenberg, RA Marx, DB Woodbury, BL AF Gilley, J. E. Vogel, J. R. Eigenberg, R. A. Marx, D. B. Woodbury, B. L. TI RUNOFF, EROSION, AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT FROM BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Feedlots; Manure management; Manure runoff; Overland flow; Runoff; Sediment size; Sediment transport; Sediment yield; Water quality AB The size distribution of sediment in runoff from feedlot surfaces influences erosion rates and settling velocity. The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure runoff erosion, and size distribution of sediment in runoff from feedlot surfaces containing varying amounts of unconsolidated surface material (USM), and (2) determine the effects of varying runoff rate on erosion and sediment size distribution. Simulated rainfall was applied to 0.75 m wide by 2 m long plots located within feedlot pens. Sieve and pipette analyses were used to measure the diameters of the eroded materials. No significant differences in runoff and erosion were found among the treatments with varying amounts of USM. Values for D-50, the size for which 50% of the sediment is smaller, were 36 mu m or less for each of the treatments containing varying amounts of USM. The surfaces containing 0 or 6.7 kg m(-2) of USM had D-50 values that were significantly greater than those with 13.5 or 26.9 kg m(-2) of USM. An increase in runoff rate resulted in significantly greater erosion. The proportion of sediment fractions 31 mu m and larger consistently increased as runoff rate became greater. No significant differences in D-50 values were found for runoff rates varying from 0.5 to 9.7 kg min(-1). The D-50 value of 310 mu m obtained at a flow rate of 15.3 kg min(-1) was significantly greater than measurements determined at the other runoff rates. Both erosion and size distribution of sediment in runoff from feedlot surfaces are significantly influenced by runoff rate. C1 [Gilley, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vogel, J. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Eigenberg, R. A.; Woodbury, B. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Chase Hall,Room 251, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 758QQ UT WOS:000290180400006 ER PT J AU Hamblin, MT Buckler, ES Jannink, JL AF Hamblin, Martha T. Buckler, Edward S. Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Population genetics of genomics-based crop improvement methods SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; VULGARE SSP-SPONTANEUM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; HORDEUM-VULGARE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; WIDE ASSOCIATION; INBRED LINES; DNA MICROSATELLITES; SELF-FERTILIZATION AB Many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans are concluding that, even with very large sample sizes and high marker densities, most of the genetic basis of complex traits may remain unexplained. At the same time, recent research in plant GWAS is showing much greater success with fewer resources. Both GWAS and genomic selection (GS), a method for predicting phenotypes by the use of genome-wide marker data, are receiving considerable attention among plant breeders. In this review we explore how differences in population genetic histories, as well as past selection for traits of interest, have produced trait architectures and patterns of linkage disequilibrium (ID) that frequently differ dramatically between domesticated plants and humans, making detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects in crops more rewarding and less costly than in humans. C1 [Hamblin, Martha T.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hamblin, MT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mth3@cornell.edu; jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 93 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.tig.2010.12.003 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 739BB UT WOS:000288685900003 PM 21227531 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Mehaffey, MH Lopez, RD Bingner, RL Bruins, R Erickson, C Jackson, MA AF Yuan, Yongping Mehaffey, Megan H. Lopez, Ricardo D. Bingner, Ronald L. Bruins, Randy Erickson, Caroline Jackson, Michael A. TI AnnAGNPS Model Application for Nitrogen Loading Assessment for the Future Midwest Landscape Study SO WATER LA English DT Article DE Future Midwest Landscape study; AnnAGNPS; watershed modeling; runoff and nitrogen simulation ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT; SIMULATION; ACCURACY; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF; AGNPS AB The Future Midwest Landscape (FML) project is part of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s new Ecosystem Services Research Program, undertaken to examine the variety of ways in which landscapes that include crop lands, conservation areas, wetlands, lakes, and streams affect human well-being. The goal of the FML project is to quantify current and future ecosystem services across the region and to examine changes expected to occur as a result of the growing demand for biofuels. This study is one of several pilots taking place under the umbrella of the FML research project. In this study, the USDA Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) model was applied to the East Fork Kaskaskia River watershed (289.3 km(2)) located in the Kaskaskia River Basin within the Upper Mississippi River Basin in Illinois. The effect of different spatial resolutions on model performance was investigated by comparing the observed runoff with the AnnAGNPS simulated results. Alternative future scenarios such as meeting future biofuel target were also simulated and analyzed. All delineations of the study area (coarser to finer) produced satisfactory results in simulating monthly and annual runoff. However, the size of the delineation does impact the simulation results. Finer delineations better represented the actual landscape and captured small critical areas that would be homogenized in coarser delineation. Those small critical areas are important to target to achieve maximum environment benefit. Simulations of alternative future scenarios showed that as corn production increases to meet future biofuel needs, total nitrogen loss increases. For this watershed, total N loss would be more than doubled if converting all corn/soybean rotation (15,871.2 ha) to continuous corn comparing with the base year total N loss which is 11.2 kg/ha. Conservation practices are needed to reduce total nitrogen loss from the watershed. This study provides an important foundation for the larger FML region modeling effort by addressing challenging FML landscape modeling issues such as model selection, need for further model development, and spatial resolution. C1 [Yuan, Yongping; Mehaffey, Megan H.; Lopez, Ricardo D.; Erickson, Caroline; Jackson, Michael A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Bingner, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc & Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Bruins, Randy] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Div Environm Sci, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov; Mehaffey.megan@epa.gov; Lopez.ricardo@epa.gov; ron.bingner@ars.usda.gov; Bruins.randy@epa.gov; Erickson.caroline@epa.gov; Jackson.michael@epa.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD MAR PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 196 EP 216 DI 10.3390/w3010196 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 053ES UT WOS:000312254300011 ER PT J AU Fischer, JW Phillips, GE Baasch, DM Lavelle, MJ Vercauteren, KC AF Fischer, Justin W. Phillips, Gregory E. Baasch, David M. Lavelle, Michael J. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Modifying Elk (Cervus elaphus) Behavior With Electric Fencing at Established Fence-Lines to Reduce Disease Transmission Potential SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; chronic wasting disease (CWD); disease transmission; electric fence; elk; fence-line contact AB Direct and indirect contact through fences at cervid farms with only a single perimeter fence may play a role in transmission of diseases such as chronic wasting disease or bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis). We report a case study examining effectiveness of a baited electric fence, as an addition to an existing single woven-wire fence (2.4 m high), for altering behavior and reducing fence-line contact between elk (Cervus elaphus). We used a video-surveillance system to monitor one 20-m-long test fence at an elk ranch in north-central Colorado, USA from 2006 to 2007. We conducted 26 trials (11 without electric fence during 48.2 total cumulative days and 15 with electric fence during 63.7 days) with different levels of motivation for contact between groups of elk separated by the test fence. We documented 426 contacts between elk (direct transmission risk) or the woven-wire fence (indirect transmission risk) during trials without the electric fence. We documented 0 contacts between adult elk or the woven-wire fence during trials when the electric fence was in place. During our case study, 24 of 25 elk exposed to the electric fence were completely deterred. We emphasize that our approach targets behavior modification of farmed elk routinely exposed to the electric fence, not wild elk that may occasionally approach from the outside. Our results suggest that adding a baited electric fence inside an existing woven-wire-fenced enclosure has potential to provide a cost-effective means to minimize contacts between farmed and wild elk. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Fischer, Justin W.; Phillips, Gregory E.; Lavelle, Michael J.; Vercauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Baasch, David M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68658 USA. RP Fischer, JW (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services FX We would like to thank D. and S. White for letting us conduct this study on their property; M. Meier, T. Camenisch-Ruby, and H. Van Roekel for assistance with field work; and R. Lampmen of Electrobraid (TM) Fence Limited for providing EF materials. Reference to trade names does not imply United States government endorsement of commercial products or exclusion of similar products with equal or better effectiveness. This study was funded by United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1002/wsb.2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GT UT WOS:000209332600003 ER PT J AU Tupper, SK Cummings, JL Andelt, WF Werner, SJ Harness, RE AF Tupper, Shelagh K. Cummings, John L. Andelt, William F. Werner, Scott J. Harness, Richard E. TI Evaluation of Sonic Dissuader (R) to Reduce Damage by Pileated Woodpeckers SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Dryocopus pileatus; predator response; repellent; wildlife damage management AB Woodpecker damage to utility poles results in significant monetary losses to utility companies worldwide. Most techniques for repelling woodpeckers from utility poles are costly, difficult to install, effective for a limited time, or ineffective. We evaluated the Sonic Dissuader for detecting and deterring pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) damage to wooden utility poles in controlled flight pens. The Sonic Dissuader emits pileated woodpecker and avian predator calls contingent upon pecking by woodpeckers. Ratios of departure were lower and woodpeckers spent more time after a pecking event on the pole with the Sonic Dissuader compared to the control pole (paired t = 6.26, df = 7, P < 0.001, and F-1,F-4 = 5.00, P = 0.089, respectively). This may substantiate observed behavior of pileated woodpeckers to freeze when confronted with a predator. We did not observe differences in amount of time spent on poles, amount of time spent pecking on poles, and weight of wood chips removed from poles with and without the Sonic Dissuader. We propose that testing distress calls or other repellents as potential deterrents in combination with detection technology is warranted. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Tupper, Shelagh K.; Cummings, John L.; Werner, Scott J.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Andelt, William F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harness, Richard E.] EDM Int Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Tupper, SK (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM shelagh.k.tupper@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X FU Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California; New York State Electric and Gas, Binghamton, New York FX Our study was funded by Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, and New York State Electric and Gas, Binghamton, New York. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. We thank K. Crooks, C. Ghalambor, and several anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this article. Myrica Systems Inc. provided Sonic Dissuaders and trouble-shooting assistance for our study. We also thank the staff of NWRC's Animal Care unit for care of the birds throughout the study. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1002/wsb.7 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GT UT WOS:000209332600008 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Chen, GQ AF Lin, Jiann-Tsh Chen, Grace Q. TI Identification of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol containing 11,12,13-trihydroxy-9,14-octadecadienoic acid in castor oil SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FATTY-ACIDS; ACYLGLYCEROLS AB Castor oil has many industrial uses. Molecular species of acylglycerols containing monohydroxy, dihydroxy and trihydroxy fatty acids in castor oil have been reported. We report here the identification of acylglycerols containing a triOH18:2 fatty acid in castor oil. The structure of this novel fatty acid was proposed as 11,12,13-trihydroxy-9,14-octadecadienoic acid by the mass spectrometry of the lithiated adducts of acylglycerols in the HPLC fractions of castor oil. The fragmentation pathways of the lithiated adduct of 11,12,13-trihydroxy-9,14-octadecadienoic acid were proposed. We also proposed the biosynthetic pathways of polyhydroxy fatty acids in castor. C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsh; Chen, Grace Q.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jiann.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.10.004 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 738LS UT WOS:000288641900014 PM 20951848 ER PT J AU Zitnick, KK Shappell, NW Hakk, H DeSutter, TM Khan, E Casey, FXM AF Zitnick, K. K. Shappell, N. W. Hakk, H. DeSutter, T. M. Khan, E. Casey, F. X. M. TI Effects of liquid swine manure on dissipation of 17 beta-estradiol in soil SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Colloidal organic carbon; Estrogen; Sorption; Persistence; Soil; Manure ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; COLLOID-FACILITATED TRANSPORT; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESTROGENIC HORMONES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS; MANGANESE OXIDES; AQUATIC COLLOIDS; LAGOON SAMPLES; ORGANIC-CARBON AB 17 beta-estradiol (E2), a natural estrogenic hormone, degrades within hours and bind strongly to soils and sediments; however, estrogens are frequently detected in the environment at concentrations that impact water quality. Colloidal (COC) and dissolved (DOC) organic carbon may enhance the persistence and mobility of E2. Soil batch experiments were used to identify the persistence and sorption of radiolabeled E2 dissolved in solutions of (i) COC/DOC derived from liquid swine manure and (ii) CaCl(2). Estradiol disappeared from the aqueous phase before 7 d in the CaCl(2) solution, yet persisted throughout the duration of the 14d experiment in the liquid manure solution. There was also concomitant formation of estrone (El; a metabolite of E2) as E2 dissipated in sterile batch experiments, which was attributed to abiotic oxidation. The liquid manure solution appeared to interact with the estrogen and/or oxidation reaction sites, reducing E2 degradation. Furthermore, the liquid manure solution reduced E2/E1 binding to the soil surface resulting in more E2/E1 in the aqueous layer compared to the CaCl(2) solution. Ultrafiltration results of liquid manure indicated that similar to 1/3 of E2 was associated with CDC, which may be responsible for the reduced degradation and sorption of E2 in the liquid manure solution. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeSutter, T. M.; Casey, F. X. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Zitnick, K. K.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Shappell, N. W.; Hakk, H.] USDA ARS, Anim Metabolite & Agr Chem Unit, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Khan, E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), NDSU Dept 7680, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU National Science Foundation [0730492] FX This research was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0730492. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The authors greatly appreciate the tremendous contributions made by, Mr. Nathan E. Derby, Mrs. Barbara K. Magelky, and Mrs. Colleen M. Pfaff. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 186 IS 2-3 BP 1111 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.112 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 734OK UT WOS:000288344000020 PM 21168958 ER PT J AU Lehrsch, GA Sojka, RE Reed, JL Henderson, RA Kostka, SJ AF Lehrsch, G. A. Sojka, R. E. Reed, J. L. Henderson, R. A. Kostka, S. J. TI Surfactant and irrigation effects on wettable soils: runoff, erosion, and water retention responses SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE soil loss; water repellent soil; infiltration; overland flow; hydrological response; soil water relations; water content; available water; water potential; sediment loss ID 2 NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; AGGREGATE STABILITY; REPELLENT SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SANDY SOILS; AGRI-SC; HYDROPHOBICITY; INFILTRATION; TEMPERATURE; ERODIBILITY AB Surfactants are chemical compounds that can change the contact angle of a water drop on solid surfaces and are commonly used to increase infiltration into water repellent soil. Since production fields with water repellent soil often contain areas of wettable soil, surfactants applied to such fields worldwide will likely be applied to wettable soil, with unknown consequences for irrigation-induced erosion, runoff, or soil water relations. We evaluated surfactant and simulated sprinkler irrigation effects on these responses for three wettable, Pacific Northwest soils, Latahco and Rad silt loams, and Quincy sand. Along with an untreated control, we studied three surfactants: an alkyl polyglycoside (APG) in solution at a concentration of 18 g active ingredient (AI) kg(-1), a block copolymer at 26 g kg(-1), and a blend of the two at 43 g kg(-1). From 2005 to 2009 in the laboratory, each surfactant was sprayed at a rate of 46.8 l ha(-1) onto each soil packed by tamping into 1.2- by 1.5-m steel boxes. Thereafter, each treated soil was irrigated twice at 88 mm h(-1) with surfactant-free well water. After each irrigation, runoff and sediment loss were measured and soil samples were collected. While measured properties differed among soils and irrigations, surfactants had no effect on runoff, sediment loss, splash loss, or tension infiltration, compared to the control. Across all soils, however, the APG increased volumetric water contents by about 3% (significant at p <= 0.08) at matric potentials from 0 to -20 kPa compared to the control. With a decrease in the liquid-solid contact angle on treated soil surfaces, surfactant-free water appeared able to enter, and be retained in pores with diameters >= 15 mu m. All told, surfactants applied at economic rates to these wettable Pacific Northwest soils posed little risk of increasing either runoff or erosion or harming soil water relations. Moreover, by increasing water retention at high potentials, surfactants applied to wettable soils may allow water containing pesticides or other agricultural chemicals to better penetrate soil pores, thereby increasing the efficacy of the co-applied materials. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lehrsch, G. A.; Sojka, R. E.; Reed, J. L.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Henderson, R. A.] Santo Domingo Tribe, Nat Resources Program, Santo Domingo Pueblo, NM 87052 USA. [Kostka, S. J.] Aquatrols Corp Amer, Paulsboro, NJ 08066 USA. RP Lehrsch, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM gary.lehrsch@ars.usda.gov FU Aquatrols Corporation of America [58-3K95-5-1094] FX Appreciation is extended to Dr Don Horneck, Oregon State University, Hermiston, and to Dr Paul McDaniel, University of Idaho, Moscow, for assistance in locating needed soils. The authors also thank J. Foerster, A. Koehn, and L. Keele for assistance in calibrating and testing the spray boom, filling, packing, then emptying boxes, sampling soil, measuring soil properties, and handling data. The ARS authors gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by Aquatrols Corporation of America through Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 58-3K95-5-1094. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 766 EP 777 DI 10.1002/hyp.7866 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 730LK UT WOS:000288034600009 ER PT J AU Dong, GY Luo, J Zhang, H Wang, CM Duan, MX Deliberto, TJ Nolte, DL Ji, GJ He, HX AF Dong, Guoying Luo, Jing Zhang, Hong Wang, Chengmin Duan, Mingxing Deliberto, Thomas Jude Nolte, Dale Louis Ji, Guangju He, Hongxuan TI Phylogenetic Diversity and Genotypical Complexity of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses Revealed by Genomic Sequence Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; SOUTHERN CHINA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPE; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; HUMAN INFECTION; MAINLAND CHINA; HONG-KONG; EVOLUTION; POULTRY AB H9N2 influenza A viruses have become established worldwide in terrestrial poultry and wild birds, and are occasionally transmitted to mammals including humans and pigs. To comprehensively elucidate the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of H9N2 influenza viruses, we performed a large-scale sequence analysis of 571 viral genomes from the NCBI Influenza Virus Resource Database, representing the spectrum of H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from 1966 to 2009. Our study provides a panoramic framework for better understanding the genesis and evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses, and for describing the history of H9N2 viruses circulating in diverse hosts. Panorama phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral gene segments revealed the complexity and diversity of H9N2 influenza viruses. The 571 H9N2 viral genomes were classified into 74 separate lineages, which had marked host and geographical differences in phylogeny. Panorama genotypical analysis also revealed that H9N2 viruses include at least 98 genotypes, which were further divided according to their HA lineages into seven series (A-G). Phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that H9N2 viruses are closely related to H3, H4, H5, H7, H10, and H14 subtype influenza viruses. Our results indicate that H9N2 viruses have undergone extensive reassortments to generate multiple reassortants and genotypes, suggesting that the continued circulation of multiple genotypical H9N2 viruses throughout the world in diverse hosts has the potential to cause future influenza outbreaks in poultry and epidemics in humans. We propose a nomenclature system for identifying and unifying all lineages and genotypes of H9N2 influenza viruses in order to facilitate international communication on the evolution, ecology and epidemiology of H9N2 influenza viruses. C1 [Dong, Guoying; Luo, Jing; Zhang, Hong; Wang, Chengmin; He, Hongxuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Natl Res Ctr Wildlife Born Dis, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dong, Guoying; Ji, Guangju] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Ctr Computat & Syst Biol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Duan, Mingxing] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biomembrane & Membrane Biotechnol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Deliberto, Thomas Jude; Nolte, Dale Louis] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Dong, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Natl Res Ctr Wildlife Born Dis, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM gj28@ibp.ac.cn; hehx@ioz.ac.cn FU Science & Technology Support Project of the eleventh-five-year plan of China [2009BAI83B01]; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China [2007BC109103]; National Department of Science and Technology [2009ZX10004-109]; NWDP USDA-IOZ CAS joint project [0760621234] FX This work was supported by grants from the Science & Technology Support Project of the eleventh-five-year plan of China (2009BAI83B01), the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007BC109103), the Special Major Project of the National Department of Science and Technology (2009ZX10004-109) and NWDP USDA-IOZ CAS joint project (0760621234). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e17212 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017212 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729EM UT WOS:000287931400037 PM 21386964 ER PT J AU Du, JA Miura, E Robischon, M Martinez, C Groover, A AF Du, Juan Miura, Eriko Robischon, Marcel Martinez, Ciera Groover, Andrew TI The Populus Class III HD ZIP Transcription Factor POPCORONA Affects Cell Differentiation during Secondary Growth of Woody Stems SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE FAMILY; LATERAL ORGANS; HOMEOBOX GENE; LAND PLANTS; MICRORNAS; EVOLUTION; BIOSYNTHESIS; GIBBERELLIN AB The developmental mechanisms regulating cell differentiation and patterning during the secondary growth of woody tissues are poorly understood. Class III HD ZIP transcription factors are evolutionarily ancient and play fundamental roles in various aspects of plant development. Here we investigate the role of a Class III HD ZIP transcription factor, POPCORONA, during secondary growth of woody stems. Transgenic Populus (poplar) trees expressing either a miRNA-resistant POPCORONA or a synthetic miRNA targeting POPCORONA were used to infer function of POPCORONA during secondary growth. Whole plant, histological, and gene expression changes were compared for transgenic and wild-type control plants. Synthetic miRNA knock down of POPCORONA results in abnormal lignification in cells of the pith, while overexpression of a miRNA-resistant POPCORONA results in delayed lignification of xylem and phloem fibers during secondary growth. POPCORONA misexpression also results in coordinated changes in expression of genes within a previously described transcriptional network regulating cell differentiation and cell wall biosynthesis, and hormone-related genes associated with fiber differentiation. POPCORONA illustrates another function of Class III HD ZIPs: regulating cell differentiation during secondary growth. C1 [Du, Juan; Miura, Eriko; Robischon, Marcel; Groover, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA USA. [Martinez, Ciera; Groover, Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Du, JA (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM agroover@fs.fed.us FU DOE [DE-A102-05ER64115] FX This work was supported by DOE grant DE-A102-05ER64115 to AG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e17458 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017458 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729EM UT WOS:000287931400079 PM 21386988 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Boydston, RA Peachey, RE Robinson, D AF Williams, Martin M., II Boydston, Rick A. Peachey, R. Ed Robinson, Darren TI Performance consistency of reduced atrazine use in sweet corn SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Path analysis; Regional scale; Risk; Weed management ID MILLET PANICUM-MILIACEUM; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; HYBRIDS; INTERFERENCE; TOLERANCE; SYSTEMS AB Atrazine is the most widely used herbicide in North American corn production; however, additional restrictions on its use in the near future are conceivable. Currently, a majority of commercial sweet corn fields suffer losses due to weeds, despite widespread use of atrazine. Field experiments were conducted in the primary North American production areas of sweet corn grown for processing to determine the implications of further reductions in atrazine use on weed control and crop yield. A range of atrazine doses (0-1120 g ha(-1)) applied postemergence with tembotrione (31 g ha(-1)) were tested in two hybrids differing in canopy architecture and competitive ability with weeds. Atrazine applied postemergence reduced risk (i.e. more variable outcomes) of poor herbicide performance. Atrazine doses up to 1120 g ha(-1) with tembotrione improved grass control and broadleaf weed control in five of eight and seven of eight environments, respectively. Of the three environments which had particularly low broadleaf weed control (<50%) with tembotrione alone, sweet corn yield was improved with atrazine. Hybrid 'Code128' produced a taller, denser canopy which was more efficient at capturing light and competing with weeds than 'Quickie'. As a result, greater crop competitiveness decreased risk of incomplete weed control as atrazine dose was reduced. Atrazine's contribution to weed control and yield protection was greatest when other aspects of weed management resulted in poor weed control. Should atrazine use be further restricted or banned altogether, this research demonstrates the importance of improving other aspects of weed management systems such as herbicidal and non-chemical tactics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II] Univ Illinois, Global Change & Photosynth Res, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Boydston, Rick A.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Peachey, R. Ed] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Robinson, Darren] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Ridgetown, ON NOP 2CO, Canada. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Global Change & Photosynth Res, USDA, ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu RI Robinson, Darren/A-3959-2013 FU Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission FX The authors greatly appreciate the technical assistance of Treva Anderson, Kristen McNaughton, Jim Moody, Encarnacion Rivera and the many students who helped in conducting the field experiments. We also thank Crookham Company and General Mills for providing seed, Bayer CropSciences for providing herbicide, and the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission for providing partial financial support. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 28 PY 2011 VL 121 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.11.020 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 724HR UT WOS:000287567200009 ER PT J AU Gisbert, C Prohens, J Raigon, MD Stommel, JR Nuez, F AF Gisbert, Carmina Prohens, Jaime Raigon, Maria D. Stommel, John R. Nuez, Fernando TI Eggplant relatives as sources of variation for developing new rootstocks: Effects of grafting on eggplant yield and fruit apparent quality and composition SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Interspecific hybrids; S. incanum; S. macrocarpon; S. melongena; S. torvum; Vigour ID SOLANUM-MELONGENA L.; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; FUSARIUM-WILT; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; TRIPLOID WATERMELON; SOIL FUMIGATION; METHYL-BROMIDE; SUGAR-CONTENT; MACROCARPON L; PLANT-GROWTH AB We propose the utilization of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) interspecific hybrids derived from crosses with closely related species as an approach for developing new improved rootstocks for eggplant. Here we investigate rootstock effects on fruit yield, apparent quality and proximate and mineral composition of S. melongena 'Black Beauty' (BB) scions grafted on interspecific hybrid rootstocks developed from crosses of S. melongena with Solanum incanum L. (SI x SM) and Solanum aethiopicum L. (SM x SA). The results are compared with non-grafted (BB control) and self-grafted (BB/BB) controls and with S. melongena 'Black Beauty' scions grafted onto Solanum torvum Sw. (STO) and Solanum macrocarpon L (SMA) rootstocks. All treatments were grown in a soil naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (mostly Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood). SI x SM and SM x SA interspecific hybrids had high germination (>= 90%) and total graft success (100%). Contrary to what occurred with all other treatments, no plants from scions grafted onto these hybrid rootstocks died during the experiment. In particular, the SI x SM hybrid rootstock conferred the highest vigour to the scion, which resulted in the highest values for fruit earliness and early and total yield. Little difference was observed among treatments for apparent fruit quality traits, except for a greater fruit calyx length and prickliness of fruit grafted onto SMA rootstocks. A similar result was obtained for fruit composition where phenolics content was higher in fruit from plants grafted onto SMA rootstocks. Grafting eggplant onto interspecific eggplant hybrids, especially on the SI x SM hybrid, has proved advantageous for eggplant production, as the high vigour and good compatibility of the rootstock with scion results in improved early and total yield without negative effects on apparent fruit quality or composition. Interspecific hybrids represent an alternative to the commonly used STO rootstock, which is a wild species with irregular germination. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gisbert, Carmina; Prohens, Jaime; Nuez, Fernando] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Conservac & Mejora Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Raigon, Maria D.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Quim, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Stommel, John R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,Plant Sci Inst, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prohens, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Conservac & Mejora Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Camino Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM jprohens@btc.upv.es RI gisbert, carmina/H-4424-2015; Prohens, Jaime/H-2228-2015 OI gisbert, carmina/0000-0002-4620-1065; Prohens, Jaime/0000-0003-1181-9065 FU Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia [AGL2009-07257, RF-2008-00008-00-00] FX This work was partially financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (AGL2009-07257 and RF-2008-00008-00-00). The technical assistance of Nuria Palacios and Mariola Plazas is gratefully acknowledged. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 128 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.12.007 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 728XH UT WOS:000287907300003 ER PT J AU Pellett, S Tepp, WH Stanker, LH Band, PA Johnson, EA Ichtchenko, K AF Pellett, Sabine Tepp, William H. Stanker, Larry H. Band, Philip A. Johnson, Eric A. Ichtchenko, Konstantin TI Neuronal targeting, internalization, and biological activity of a recombinant atoxic derivative of botulinum neurotoxin A SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Clostridium botulinum; Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A); Spinal cord cells; Trafficking; Atoxic; Delivery vehicle ID TETANUS TOXIN; FRAGMENT-C; PROTEIN; TRANSLOCATION; DELIVERY; REPLACEMENT; ANTIBODIES; MEMBRANES; RECEPTOR; BINDING AB Non-toxic derivatives of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) have potential use as neuron-targeting delivery vehicles, and as reagents to study intracellular trafficking. We have designed and expressed an atoxic derivative of BoNT/A (BoNT/A ad) as a full-length 150 kDa molecule consisting of a 50 kDa light chain (LC) and a 100 kDa heavy chain (HC) joined by a disulfide bond and rendered atoxic through the introduction of metalloprotease-inactivating point mutations in the light chain. Studies in neuronal cultures demonstrated that BoNT/A ad cannot cleave synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), the substrate of wt BoNT/A, and that it effectively competes with wt BoNT/A for binding to endogenous neuronal receptors. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate accumulation of BoNT/A ad at the neuromuscular junction of the mouse diaphragm. Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that the LC of BoNT/A ad forms a complex with SNAP25 present in the neuronal cytosolic fraction, demonstrating that the atoxic LC retains the SNAP25 binding capability of the wt toxin. Toxicity of BoNT/A ad was found to be reduced approximately 100,000-fold relative to wt BoNT/A. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Band, Philip A.; Ichtchenko, Konstantin] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Pellett, Sabine; Tepp, William H.; Johnson, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stanker, Larry H.] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94551 USA. [Band, Philip A.] New York Univ Hosp Joint Dis, Dept Orthopaed Surg, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Ichtchenko, K (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, MSB 320,550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM ichtck01@med.nyu.edu OI Ichtchenko, Konstantin/0000-0002-2198-1325 FU USDA [5325-42000-043-00D]; National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases [R21AI082826, R21 AI072466] FX We thank Peter Hallock from Dr. Steven Burden laboratory (Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine at NYU School of Medicine) for technical assistance related to dissection and processing of mouse diaphragm. Support for these studies was provided by USDA CRIS Project 5325-42000-043-00D to LHS, as well as by the National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases Award Number R21AI082826 to EAJ and R21 AI072466 to KI and EAJ. Authors thank Dr. Eric Milner for reading and careful editing of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 405 IS 4 BP 673 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.093 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 731ZJ UT WOS:000288149500027 PM 21284937 ER PT J AU Ascunce, MS Yang, CC Oakey, J Calcaterra, L Wu, WJ Shih, CJ Goudet, J Ross, KG Shoemaker, D AF Ascunce, Marina S. Yang, Chin-Cheng Oakey, Jane Calcaterra, Luis Wu, Wen-Jer Shih, Cheng-Jen Goudet, Jerome Ross, Kenneth G. Shoemaker, DeWayne TI Global Invasion History of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-GENETICS; UNITED-STATES; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; TRANSPORT; PATHWAYS; ROUTES; TRADE AB The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a significant pest that was inadvertently introduced into the southern United States almost a century ago and more recently into California and other regions of the world. An assessment of genetic variation at a diverse set of molecular markers in 2144 fire ant colonies from 75 geographic sites worldwide revealed that at least nine separate introductions of S. invicta have occurred into newly invaded areas and that the main southern U.S. population is probably the source of all but one of these introductions. The sole exception involves a putative serial invasion from the southern United States to California to Taiwan. These results illustrate in stark fashion a severe negative consequence of an increasingly massive and interconnected global trade and travel system. C1 [Ascunce, Marina S.; Yang, Chin-Cheng; Shoemaker, DeWayne] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ascunce, Marina S.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Yang, Chin-Cheng; Wu, Wen-Jer; Shih, Cheng-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Oakey, Jane] Biosecur Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Calcaterra, Luis] USDA ARS S Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goudet, Jerome] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Ross, Kenneth G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shoemaker, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM dewayne.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov RI Goudet, Jerome/A-9730-2012 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35302-16561, 58-6615-7-137]; Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan [98AS-9.1.2-BQ-B1(1)]; National Science Council Executive Yuan, Taiwan [NSC97-2917-I-002-103] FX We thank numerous individuals responsible for fire ant collections (see table S1) and the University of Florida Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research and Genetics Institute Fisher Bioinformatics Cluster for technical and computer support. We are grateful to S. Porter and D. Gotzek for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (grant no. 2006-35302-16561: Agreement No. 58-6615-7-137); the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan [grant no. 98AS-9.1.2-BQ-B1(1)]; and the National Science Council Executive Yuan, Taiwan (grant no. NSC97-2917-I-002-103). Sequence data have been deposited in GenBank (accession nos. HM231195-96, HM231200, and HM241155-65). NR 21 TC 112 Z9 129 U1 10 U2 115 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 25 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6020 BP 1066 EP 1068 DI 10.1126/science.1198734 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 726DM UT WOS:000287699000063 PM 21350177 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Du, Y AF Chen, Guoying Du, Yue TI Screening of Danofloxacin Residue in Bovine Tissue by Terbium-Sensitized Luminescence on C18 Sorbent Strips SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Terbium-sensitized luminescence; screening; danofloxacin; C18 sorbent extraction; bovine; muscle ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHICKEN TISSUES; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; (FLUORO)QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS; FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS; HUMAN URINE; MUSCLE; ENROFLOXACIN; QUINOLONES AB Danofloxacin (DANO) residue in bovine muscle was screened at 200 ng/g by terbium-sensitized luminescence (TSL) directly measured on 10 x 6 trim C18 sorbent strips. The analyte was first adsorbed on sorbent surface by immersion in defatted homogenates. After reagent application and desiccation, TSL was directly measured on sorbent surfaces at lambda(ex) = 273 nm and lambda(em) = 546 nm. The luminescence intensity was linearly dependent on DANO concentration in the 0-1000 ng/g range (R(2) = 0.9967). A threshold was established at x(200) - 3 sigma(200), where x(200) and sigma(200) are the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the DANO signals at 200 ng/g. Among 48 blind samples randomly fortified at 0-1000 ng/g, 45 were screened correctly and 3 negative samples were presumed positive. This simple screening protocol has the potential to significantly reduce sample numbers and hence improve sample throughput and save assay costs. C1 [Chen, Guoying] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Du, Yue] Shanghai Inst Food & Drug Control, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM guoying.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1062 DI 10.1021/jf1038184 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 720RF UT WOS:000287297100002 PM 21226532 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Jang, SC Kim, WS Kerley, MS Oliver, MJ Trick, HN AF Krishnan, Hari B. Jang, Sungchan Kim, Won-Seok Kerley, Monty S. Oliver, Melvin J. Trick, Harold N. TI Biofortification of Soybean Meal: Immunological Properties of the 27 kDa gamma-Zein SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gamma-Zein; sulfur-rich protein; allergen; IgE; transgenic soybean ID RECOMBINANT STORAGE PROTEIN; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; MAIZE FOOD ALLERGY; MAJOR ALLERGEN; POTENTIAL ALLERGEN; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; METHIONINE; ZEOLIN AB Legumes, including soybeans (Glycine max), are deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids, which are required for the optimal growth of monogastric animals. This deficiency can be overcome by expressing heterologous proteins rich in sulfur containing amino adds in soybean seeds. A maize 27 kDa gamma-zein, a cysteine-rich protein, has been successfully expressed in several crops including soybean, barley, and alfalfa with the intent to biofortify these crops for animal feed. Previous work has shown that the maize 27 kDa zein can withstand digestion by pepsin and elicit an immunogenic response in young pigs. By use of sera from patients who tested positive by ImmunoCAP assay for elevated IgE to maize proteins, specific IgE binding to the 27 kDa gamma-zein is demonstrated. Bioinformatic analysis using the full-length and 80 amino acid sliding window FASTA searches identified significant sequence homology of the 27 kDa gamma-zein with several known allergens. Immunoblot analysis using human serum that cross-reacts with maize seed proteins also revealed specific IgE-binding to the 27 kDa gamma-zein in soybean seed protein extracts containing the 27 kDa zein. This study demonstrates for the first time the allergenicity potential of the 27 IcDa gamma-zein and the potential that this. protein has to limit livestock performance when used in soybeans that serve as a biofortified feed supplement. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.; Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.; Jang, Sungchan; Kim, Won-Seok; Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kerley, Monty S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Trick, Harold N.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ars.usda.gov OI Trick, Harold/0000-0001-5255-5575 FU ARS [3622-21000-000-00D] FX Funding for this research was provided by ARS Project 3622-21000-000-00D. This paper is contribution 11-048-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. Product names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the University of Missouri and the USDA neither guarantee nor warrant the standard of product, and the use of the name by the University of Missouri and the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1021/jf103613s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 720RF UT WOS:000287297100025 PM 21226519 ER PT J AU Cook, D Gardner, DR Grum, D Pfister, JA Ralphs, MH Welch, KD Green, BT AF Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Grum, Daniel Pfister, James A. Ralphs, Michael H. Welch, Kevin D. Green, Benedict T. TI Swainsonine and Endophyte Relationships in Astragalus mollissimus and Astragalus lentiginosus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Locoweed; swainsonine; endophyte; Undifilum; qPCR; ITS sequence variants ID ALKALOID SWAINSONINE; EMBELLISIA-OXYTROPIS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; TALL FESCUE; LOCOWEED; SYMBIOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; INDOLIZIDINE; UNDIFILUM AB Locoweeds are defined as Astragalus and Oxytropis species that induce locoism due to the toxic alkaloid swainsonine. Swainsonine was detected in all parts of Astragalus lentiginosus and Astragalus mollissimus, with greater concentrations found in the aboveground parts. Undifilum oxytropis, a fungal endophyte responsible for the synthesis of swainsonine, was detected in all plant parts of A. lentiginosus and A. mollissimus. The amount of endophyte within a plant part does not always correspond to the concentration of swainsonine in the same part. Plants of A. mollissimus and A. lentiginosus can be divided into two chemotypes: those that contain swainsonine (>0.1%; chemotype 1) and those that contain little or no detectable swainsonine (<0.01%; chemotype 2). Chemotype 1 plants in both species had quantitatively higher amounts of endophyte compared to chemotype 2 plants. Swainsonine and endophyte amounts were not uniformly distributed within stalks of the same plant. For that reason, repeated sampling of stalks from the same plant during one growing season may provide misleading results. Sequence variants of U. oxytropis exist within populations of A. mollissimus, A. lentiginosus, and Oxytropis sericea and do not correlate with chemotype. These findings suggest several possible reasons for differential concentrations of swainsonine that will be tested in future work. C1 [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Grum, Daniel; Pfister, James A.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Welch, Kevin D.; Green, Benedict T.] Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cook, D (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1287 DI 10.1071/jf103551t PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 720RF UT WOS:000287297100034 PM 21214242 ER PT J AU Hou, YL Liu, GE Bickhart, DM Cardone, MF Wang, K Kim, ES Matukumalli, LK Ventura, M Song, JZ VanRaden, PM Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP AF Hou, Yali Liu, George E. Bickhart, Derek M. Cardone, Maria Francesca Wang, Kai Kim, Eui-soo Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Ventura, Mario Song, Jiuzhou VanRaden, Paul M. Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curt P. TI Genomic characteristics of cattle copy number variations SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-MARKOV MODEL; SNP GENOTYPING DATA; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; DAIRY-CATTLE; EVOLUTION; POLYMORPHISM; CHALLENGES; SELECTION; BEADCHIP; DISEASE AB Background: Copy number variation (CNV) represents another important source of genetic variation complementary to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). High-density SNP array data have been routinely used to detect human CNVs, many of which have significant functional effects on gene expression and human diseases. In the dairy industry, a large quantity of SNP genotyping results are becoming available and can be used for CNV discovery to understand and accelerate genetic improvement for complex traits. Results: We performed a systematic analysis of CNV using the Bovine HapMap SNP genotyping data, including 539 animals of 21 modern cattle breeds and 6 outgroups. After correcting genomic waves and considering the pedigree information, we identified 682 candidate CNV regions, which represent 139.8 megabases (similar to 4.60%) of the genome. Selected CNVs were further experimentally validated and we found that copy number "gain" CNVs were predominantly clustered in tandem rather than existing as interspersed duplications. Many CNV regions (similar to 56%) overlap with cattle genes (1,263), which are significantly enriched for immunity, lactation, reproduction and rumination. The overlap of this new dataset and other published CNV studies was less than 40%; however, our discovery of large, high frequency (> 5% of animals surveyed) CNV regions showed 90% agreement with other studies. These results highlight the differences and commonalities between technical platforms. Conclusions: We present a comprehensive genomic analysis of cattle CNVs derived from SNP data which will be a valuable genomic variation resource. Combined with SNP detection assays, gene-containing CNV regions may help identify genes undergoing artificial selection in domesticated animals. C1 [Hou, Yali; Liu, George E.; Bickhart, Derek M.; Kim, Eui-soo; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Van Tassell, Curt P.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hou, Yali; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cardone, Maria Francesca; Ventura, Mario] Univ Bari, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Wang, Kai] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [VanRaden, Paul M.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM george.liu@ars.usda.gov RI Ventura, Mario/E-6420-2011; Cardone, Maria Francesca/G-8818-2012; OI Ventura, Mario/0000-0001-7762-8777; Cardone, Maria Francesca/0000-0002-7597-7313; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Bickhart, Derek/0000-0003-2223-9285 FU NRI from USDA CSREES (now NIFA) [2007-35205-17869]; USDA-ARS [1265-31000-098-00]; BARD, United States-Israel Binational Agricultural [IS-4201-09] FX We thank members of the Bovine HapMap Consortium for sharing their samples. We thank R. Anderson, J. Shaffer, D. Hebert, S. Schroeder and L. Shade for technical assistance. This work was supported by in part by NRI grant No. 2007-35205-17869 from USDA CSREES (now NIFA), Project 1265-31000-098-00 from USDA-ARS and Research Grant Award No. IS-4201-09 from BARD, United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 49 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 127 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-127 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 732QZ UT WOS:000288205100001 PM 21345189 ER PT J AU Ravva, SV Sarreal, CZ Mandrell, RE AF Ravva, Subbarao V. Sarreal, Chester Z. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Bacterial Communities in Aerosols and Manure Samples from Two Different Dairies in Central and Sonoma Valleys of California SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; FECAL POLLUTION; GENETIC-MARKERS; WASTE; IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; SURVIVAL; 16S; TRANSMISSION AB Aerosols have been suspected to transport food pathogens and contaminate fruits and vegetables grown in close proximity to concentrated animal feeding operations, but studies are lacking that substantiate such transport. To monitor the potential transport of bacteria originated from fresh or dry manure through aerosols on a dairy, we identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, bacteria in aerosols collected within 2 to 3 meters from dairy cows at two dairies. Gram-positive Firmicutes were predominant in aerosols from a dairy in Sonoma, California, and surrounded by vineyards, in contrast to sequences of Gram-negative Proteobacteria predominant in aerosols from a dairy in Modesto, California, also surrounded by other dairies. Although Firmicutes represented approximately 50% of the 10 most abundant sequences, aerosols from the Sonoma dairy also contained sequences of Bacteriodetes and Actinobacteria, identified previously with animal feces. While none of the top 10 sequences from fresh or dry manure from Modesto dairy were detected in aerosols, two of the sequences from the phylum Bacteriodetes and one from class Clostridia from fresh manure were detected in aerosols from Sonoma. Interestingly, none of the sequences from dry manure were in the top 10 sequences in aerosols from both dairies. The 10 most abundant sequences in aerosols from the Modesto dairy were all from Proteobacteria and nearly half of them were from genus Massilia, which have been isolated previously from immune-compromised people and aerosols. We conclude that the predominant bacteria in aerosols are diverse among locations and that they do not reflect the predominant species of bacteria present in cow feces and/or in close proximity to cows. These results suggest that the aerosol sequences did not originate from manure. Large volumes of aerosols would be required to determine if bacterial sequences from aerosols could be used to track bacteria in manure to crops grown in proximity. C1 [Ravva, Subbarao V.; Sarreal, Chester Z.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Ravva, SV (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM subbarao.ravva@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [5325-42000-044] FX The work was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under CRIS project 5325-42000-044. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e17281 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017281 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 723CC UT WOS:000287482800045 PM 21364996 ER PT J AU Callcott, AMA Porter, SD Weeks, RD Graham, LC Johnson, SJ Gilbert, LE AF Callcott, Anne-Marie A. Porter, Sanford D. Weeks, Ronald D., Jr. Graham, L. C. Fudd Johnson, Seth J. Gilbert, Lawrence E. TI Fire ant decapitating fly cooperative release programs (1994-2008): Two Pseudacteon species, P. tricuspis and P. curvatus, rapidly expand across imported fire ant populations in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; biological control; distribution; expansion; Formicidae; Phoridae; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri ID STRAND RNA VIRUS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; FLIES DIPTERA; PHORID FLY; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NORTH FLORIDA; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; PARASITOIDS DIPTERA AB Natural enemies of the imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, S. richteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and their hybrid, include a suite of more than 20 fire ant decapitating phorid flies from South America in the genus Pseudacteon. Over the past 12 years, many researchers and associates have cooperated in introducing several species as classical or self-sustaining biological control agents in the United States. As a result, two species of flies, Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier and P. curvatus Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), are well established across large areas of the southeastern United States. Whereas many researchers have published local and state information about the establishment and spread of these flies, here distribution data from both published and unpublished sources has been compiled for the entire United States with the goal of presenting confirmed and probable distributions as of the fall of 2008. Documented rates of expansion were also used to predict the distribution of these flies three years later in the fall of 2011. In the fall of 2008, eleven years after the first successful release, we estimate that P. tricuspis covered about 50% of the fire ant quarantined area and that it will occur in almost 65% of the quarantine area by 2011. Complete coverage of the fire ant quarantined area will be delayed or limited by this species' slow rate of spread and frequent failure to establish in more northerly portions of the fire ant range and also, perhaps, by its preference for red imported fire ants (S. invicta). Eight years after the first successful release of P. curvatus, two biotypes of this species (one biotype occurring predominantly in the black and hybrid imported fire ants and the other occurring in red imported fire ants) covered almost 60% of the fire ant quarantined area. We estimate these two biotypes will cover almost 90% of the quarantine area by 2011 and 100% by 2012 or 2013. Strategic selection of several distributional gaps for future releases will accelerate complete coverage of quarantine areas. However, some gaps may be best used for the release of additional species of decapitating flies because establishment rates may be higher in areas without competing species. C1 [Callcott, Anne-Marie A.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol,Gulfport Lab, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. [Porter, Sanford D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Weeks, Ronald D., Jr.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Eastern Reg Off, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Graham, L. C. Fudd] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Johnson, Seth J.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Gilbert, Lawrence E.] Univ Texas Austin, Brackenridge Field Lab & Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Callcott, AMA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol,Gulfport Lab, 3505 25th Ave, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. EM anne-marie.a.callcott@aphis.usda.gov; sanford.porter@ars.usda.gov; ron.d.weeks@aphis.usda.gov; grahalc@auburn.edu; sjohnson@agcenter.lsu.edu; lgilbert@mail.utexas.edu FU National Science Foundation; Ewing Hasell Foundation; Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Education Committee; Helen C. Kleberg and Robert J. Kleberg Foundation; Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation; State of Texas Fire Ant Initiative FX Rob Plowes and Ed LeBrun (Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX) are thanked for providing distributional data from fly releases in Texas and for proofing our distribution estimates for accuracy. David Milne (USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL) provided expert help in drawing and redrawing numerous versions of the maps used in Figures 2 and 3. The University of Texas effort was made possible directly or indirectly by grants from The National Science Foundation, The Ewing Hasell Foundation, The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Education Committee, The Helen C. Kleberg and Robert J. Kleberg Foundation, The Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation, and the State of Texas Fire Ant Initiative. We especially wish to thank all the researchers, technicians, and public and private landowners who cooperated in this national effort to release and establish phorid flies. Finally, we thank Dan Wojcik (retired), David Oi (USDA-ARS), and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. NR 91 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 19 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723ME UT WOS:000287509900001 PM 21526930 ER PT J AU Carlson, JC Engeman, RM Hyatt, DR Gilliland, RL DeLiberto, TJ Clark, L Bodenchuk, MJ Linz, GM AF Carlson, James C. Engeman, Richard M. Hyatt, Doreene R. Gilliland, Rickey L. DeLiberto, Thomas J. Clark, Larry Bodenchuk, Michael J. Linz, George M. TI Efficacy of European starling control to reduce Salmonella enterica contamination in a concentrated animal feeding operation in the Texas panhandle SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RISK-FACTORS; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; UNITED-STATES; DAIRY HERDS; CATTLE; TYPHIMURIUM; PREVALENCE; DRC-1339; DISEASE AB Background: European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are an invasive bird species known to cause damage to plant and animal agriculture. New evidence suggests starlings may also contribute to the maintenance and spread of diseases within livestock facilities. Identifying and mitigating the risk pathways that contribute to disease in livestock is necessary to reduce production losses and contamination of human food products. To better understand the impact starlings have on disease transmission to cattle we assessed the efficacy of starling control as a tool to reduce Salmonella enterica within a concentrated animal feeding operation. We matched a large facility, slated for operational control using DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride, also 3-chloro ptoluidine hydrochloride, 3-chloro-4-methylaniline), with a comparable reference facility that was not controlling birds. In both facilities, we sampled cattle feed, cattle water and cattle feces for S. enterica before and after starling control operations. Results: Within the starling-controlled CAFO, detections of S. enterica contamination disappeared from feed bunks and substantially declined within water troughs following starling control operations. Within the reference facility, detections of S. enterica contamination increased substantially within feed bunks and water troughs. Starling control was not observed to reduce prevalence of S. enterica in the cattle herd. Following starling control operations, herd prevalence of S. enterica increased on the reference facility but herd prevalence of S. enterica on the starling-controlled CAFO stayed at pretreatment levels. Conclusions: Within the starling-controlled facility detections of S. enterica disappeared from feed bunks and substantially declined within water troughs following control operations. Since cattle feed and water are obvious routes for the ingestion of S. enterica, starling control shows promise as a tool to help livestock producers manage disease. Yet, we do not believe starling control should be used as a stand alone tool to reduce S. enterica infections. Rather starling control could be used as part of a comprehensive disease management plan for concentrated animal feeding operations. C1 [Carlson, James C.; Engeman, Richard M.; Clark, Larry] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hyatt, Doreene R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Diagnost Labs, Bacteriol Sect, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gilliland, Rickey L.; Bodenchuk, Michael J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Texas Wildlife Serv, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [DeLiberto, Thomas J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Linz, George M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Carlson, JC (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.c.carlson@aphis.usda.gov RI Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 7 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-7-9 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 730YZ UT WOS:000288074800001 PM 21324202 ER PT J AU King, BC Waxman, KD Nenni, NV Walker, LP Bergstrom, GC Gibson, DM AF King, Brian C. Waxman, Katrina D. Nenni, Nicholas V. Walker, Larry P. Bergstrom, Gary C. Gibson, Donna M. TI Arsenal of plant cell wall degrading enzymes reflects host preference among plant pathogenic fungi SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article ID ACID-SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES; TRICHODERMA-REESEI RUT-C30; INHIBITING PROTEIN PGIP; FILTER-PAPER ASSAY; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; CELLULASE ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; POLYGALACTURONASE AB Background: The discovery and development of novel plant cell wall degrading enzymes is a key step towards more efficient depolymerization of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars for the production of liquid transportation biofuels and other bioproducts. The industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei is known to be highly cellulolytic and is a major industrial microbial source for commercial cellulases, xylanases and other cell wall degrading enzymes. However, enzyme-prospecting research continues to identify opportunities to enhance the activity of T. reesei enzyme preparations by supplementing with enzymatic diversity from other microbes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic potential of a broad range of plant pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi for their ability to degrade plant biomass and isolated polysaccharides. Results: Large-scale screening identified a range of hydrolytic activities among 348 unique isolates representing 156 species of plant pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify groups of species with similar hydrolytic profiles. Among moderately and highly active species, plant pathogenic species were found to be more active than non-pathogens on six of eight substrates tested, with no significant difference seen on the other two substrates. Among the pathogenic fungi, greater hydrolysis was seen when they were tested on biomass and hemicellulose derived from their host plants (commelinoid monocot or dicot). Although T. reesei has a hydrolytic profile that is highly active on cellulose and pretreated biomass, it was less active than some natural isolates of fungi when tested on xylans and untreated biomass. Conclusions: Several highly active isolates of plant pathogenic fungi were identified, particularly when tested on xylans and untreated biomass. There were statistically significant preferences for biomass type reflecting the monocot or dicot host preference of the pathogen tested. These highly active fungi are promising targets for identification and characterization of novel cell wall degrading enzymes for industrial applications. C1 [Gibson, Donna M.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [King, Brian C.; Waxman, Katrina D.; Bergstrom, Gary C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nenni, Nicholas V.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Biol, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Walker, Larry P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nenni, Nicholas V.] BioWorks Inc, Victor, NY 14564 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Donna.Gibson@ars.usda.gov RI King, Brian/K-2021-2016 OI King, Brian/0000-0003-3954-5190 FU US Department of Energy; Northeast Sun Grant; National Institutes of Health (NIGMS) FX This work was supported by grants from the US Department of Energy and the Northeast Sun Grant. Additional support for BCK was provided by a Chemistry-Biology Interface training grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIGMS). The authors would like to thank Francoise Vermeylen and Shamil Sadigov at the Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit as well as Patrick Brown, Sean Myles and Haruo Suzuki for advice on how to analyse the data using R. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 48 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 4 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-4-4 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 732IZ UT WOS:000288179500001 PM 21324176 ER PT J AU Psychogios, N Hau, DD Peng, J Guo, AC Mandal, R Bouatra, S Sinelnikov, I Krishnamurthy, R Eisner, R Gautam, B Young, N Xia, JG Knox, C Dong, E Huang, P Hollander, Z Pedersen, TL Smith, SR Bamforth, F Greiner, R McManus, B Newman, JW Goodfriend, T Wishart, DS AF Psychogios, Nikolaos Hau, David D. Peng, Jun Guo, An Chi Mandal, Rupasri Bouatra, Souhaila Sinelnikov, Igor Krishnamurthy, Ramanarayan Eisner, Roman Gautam, Bijaya Young, Nelson Xia, Jianguo Knox, Craig Dong, Edison Huang, Paul Hollander, Zsuzsanna Pedersen, Theresa L. Smith, Steven R. Bamforth, Fiona Greiner, Russ McManus, Bruce Newman, John W. Goodfriend, Theodore Wishart, David S. TI The Human Serum Metabolome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN-PLASMA; AMINO-ACIDS; BLOOD-PLASMA; FATTY-ACIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE METABOLOMICS; MONOAMINE METABOLITES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Continuing improvements in analytical technology along with an increased interest in performing comprehensive, quantitative metabolic profiling, is leading to increased interest pressures within the metabolomics community to develop centralized metabolite reference resources for certain clinically important biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine and blood. As part of an ongoing effort to systematically characterize the human metabolome through the Human Metabolome Project, we have undertaken the task of characterizing the human serum metabolome. In doing so, we have combined targeted and non-targeted NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS methods with computer-aided literature mining to identify and quantify a comprehensive, if not absolutely complete, set of metabolites commonly detected and quantified (with today's technology) in the human serum metabolome. Our use of multiple metabolomics platforms and technologies allowed us to substantially enhance the level of metabolome coverage while critically assessing the relative strengths and weaknesses of these platforms or technologies. Tables containing the complete set of 4229 confirmed and highly probable human serum compounds, their concentrations, related literature references and links to their known disease associations are freely available at http://www.serummetabolome.ca. C1 [Psychogios, Nikolaos; Hau, David D.; Guo, An Chi; Mandal, Rupasri; Bouatra, Souhaila; Sinelnikov, Igor; Krishnamurthy, Ramanarayan; Eisner, Roman; Gautam, Bijaya; Young, Nelson; Knox, Craig; Dong, Edison; Huang, Paul; Greiner, Russ; Wishart, David S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Comp Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Peng, Jun] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Bamforth, Fiona] Univ Alberta, Dept Clin Lab Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Xia, Jianguo; Wishart, David S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Wishart, David S.] Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Hollander, Zsuzsanna; McManus, Bruce] James Hogg iCAPTURE Ctr Cardiovasc & Pulm Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Hollander, Zsuzsanna; McManus, Bruce] NCE CECR Ctr Excellence Prevent Organ Failure, PROOF Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Pedersen, Theresa L.; Newman, John W.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Smith, Steven R.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Goodfriend, Theodore] Vet Adm Hosp, Madison, WI USA. [Goodfriend, Theodore] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Psychogios, N (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Comp Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM david.wishart@ualberta.ca RI Psychogios, Nikolaos/B-6867-2011; Peng, Jun/L-3755-2013; OI Psychogios, Nikolaos/0000-0002-2747-6012; Wishart, David S/0000-0002-3207-2434 FU Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); Alberta Advanced Education and Technology (AAET); Genome Alberta; Genome BC; Alberta Ingenuity Fund (AIF); University of Alberta; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [5306-51530-019-00D]; National Institutes of Health [HL076238]; Medical Research Service, Veterans Administration FX This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), Alberta Advanced Education and Technology (AAET), Genome Alberta, Genome BC, the Alberta Ingenuity Fund (AIF) and the University of Alberta. Additional support for JWN and TLP was derived from United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Project# 5306-51530-019-00D. SS and TG are supported by National Institutes of Health grant HL076238, and the Medical Research Service, Veterans Administration. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 104 TC 393 Z9 399 U1 32 U2 214 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e16957 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016957 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 721YC UT WOS:000287392700033 PM 21359215 ER PT J AU Tellinghuisen, J Bolster, CH AF Tellinghuisen, Joel Bolster, Carl H. TI Using R-2 to compare least-squares fit models: When it must fail SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE R boolean AND 2; Data transformation; Weighted least squares; Model comparison; Michaelis-Menten; Langmuir ID CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; CALIBRATION FUNCTIONS; CAUTIONARY NOTE; R2; REGRESSION; TRANSFORMATIONS; PARAMETERS; LINEARITY AB R-2 can be used correctly to select from among competing least-squares fit models when the data are fitted in common form and with common weighting. However, when models are compared by fitting data that have been mathematically transformed in different ways, R-2 is a flawed statistic, even when the data are properly weighted in accord with the transformations. The reason is that in its most commonly used form. R-2 can be expressed in terms of the excess variance (s(2)) and the total variance in y (s(y)(2)) - the first of which is either invariant or approximately so with proper weighting, but the second of which can vary substantially in data transformations. When given data are analyzed "as is" with different models and fixed weights, s(y)(2) remains constant and R-2 is a valid statistic. However, then s(2), and chi(2) in weighted fitting, are arguably better metrics for such comparisons. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tellinghuisen, Joel] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bolster, Carl H.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Tellinghuisen, J (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM joel.tellinghuisen@vanderbilt.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 105 IS 2 BP 220 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2011.01.004 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 740TY UT WOS:000288818500010 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Sohngen, B Alig, R AF Choi, Suk-Won Sohngen, Brent Alig, Ralph TI An assessment of the influence of bioenergy and marketed land amenity values on land uses in the Midwestern US SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Land use change; Marketed environmental rents; Multinomial logit; Land use projection; Bioenergy scenario ID BIOFUELS; FOREST AB There is substantial concern that bioenergy policies could swamp other considerations, such as environmental values, and lead to large-scale conversions of land from forest to crops. This study examines how bioenergy and marketed environmental rents for forestland potentially influence land use in the Midwestern US. We hypothesize that current land uses reflect market values for environmental benefits of forestland, so that the marketed component of the environmental value of land can be captured as the difference between Census land values and value of land as a timber asset. We use a multinomial logit model to estimate the land use shares of forests, crops and urban in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The results show that marketed environmental rents increase forestland relative to cropland. To examine the effects of biofuels on land use, we conduct policy analysis by altering future land rents. Our baseline scenario projects that urban development uses mostly cropland, but with higher crop rents resulting from increased demand for bioenergy, there will be significant losses of forestland to urban and cropland. On the other hand, if marketed environmental rents grow while crop rents are maintained at their baseline value, urban growth will occur, primarily at the expense of cropland. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Suk-Won] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sohngen, Brent] Ohio State Univ, AED Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Alig, Ralph] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM schoi@ucar.edu; sohngen.1@osu.edu; Ralph.Alig@oregonstate.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 70 IS 4 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.11.005 PG 8 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 737TT UT WOS:000288591800015 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Luo, L Xuan, R Yates, SR AF Ashworth, D. J. Luo, L. Xuan, R. Yates, S. R. TI Irrigation, Organic Matter Addition, and Tarping As Methods of Reducing Emissions of Methyl Iodide from Agricultural Soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE EMISSION; WATER APPLICATION; FUMIGANT; BROMIDE; DEGRADATION; VOLATILIZATION; CHLOROPICRIN; AMENDMENTS; STRATEGIES; REDUCTION AB Methyl iodide (MeI) is increasingly being used as a highly effective alternative to the soil fumigant methyl bromide. Due to its volatile and toxic nature, MeI draws wide attention on its potential atmospheric emission following field fumigation treatment. Using soil columns that make it possible to determine emissions and gas phase distribution of soil fiimigants, we studied MeI behavior in two soils differing in organic matter content. Additionally, the effectiveness of surface irrigation and tarping with virtually impermeable film (VIF) was assessed. In the lower organic matter, bare soil (control), emissions of MeI were rapid and high (83% of total). Although the peak emission flux was reduced by irrigation, the total loss was very similar to the control (82%). Tarping with VIF dramatically reduced emissions (0.04% total emissions). In the higher organic matter soil, degradation rate of MeI was increased around 4-fold, leading to a significant reduction in emissions (63% total emissions). The work suggests that surface tarping with VIF would be highly effective as an emissions reduction strategy and would also result in the maintenance of high soil gas concentrations (important for pest control). Ripping of the tarp after two weeks led to an immediate spike release of MeI, but, even so, the flux rate at this time was almost 20 times lower than the peak flux rate in the control. Even with tarp ripping, the total emission loss from the VIF treatment remained low (6%). C1 [Ashworth, D. J.; Luo, L.; Xuan, R.; Yates, S. R.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Luo, L.; Xuan, R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Daniel.Ashworth@ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 FU California Air Resources Board [07-332] FX The authors thank Q Zhang and Y. Wang for their technical assistance in conducting these experiments. This work was carried out as part of a California Air Resources Board funded project (07-332). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this paper is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1384 EP 1390 DI 10.1021/es1032822 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718LI UT WOS:000287122400034 PM 21214237 ER PT J AU Spruce, JP Sader, S Ryan, RE Smoot, J Kuper, P Ross, K Prados, D Russell, J Gasser, G McKellip, R Hargrove, W AF Spruce, Joseph P. Sader, Steven Ryan, Robert E. Smoot, James Kuper, Philip Ross, Kenton Prados, Donald Russell, Jeffrey Gasser, Gerald McKellip, Rodney Hargrove, William TI Assessment of MODIS NDVI time series data products for detecting forest defoliation by gypsy moth outbreaks SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS NDVI time series data; Gypsy moth; Regional forest defoliation detection products; Defoliation classification accuracy; National forest threat early warning system; Temporal data processing ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; COVER CHANGE; COLOR COMPOSITES; DISTURBANCES; IMAGERY; WETNESS AB This paper discusses an assessment of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series data products for detecting forest defoliation from European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). This paper describes an effort to aid the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service in developing and assessing MODIS-based gypsy moth defoliation detection products and methods that could be applied in near real time without intensive field survey data collection as a precursor. In our study, MODIS data for 2000-2006 were processed for the mid-Appalachian highland region of the United States. Gypsy moth defoliation maps showing defoliated forests versus non-defoliated areas were produced from temporally filtered and composited MOD02 and MOD13 data using unsupervised classification and image thresholding of maximum value normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets computed for the defoliation period (June 10-July 27) of 2001 and of the entire time series. These products were validated by comparing stratified random sample locations to relevant Landsat and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) reference data sets. Composites of 250 m daily MOD02 outperformed 16-day MOD13 data in terms of classifying forest defoliation, showing a lower omission error rate (0.09 versus 0.56), a similar Kappa (0.67 versus 0.79), a comparable commission error rate (0.22 versus 0.14), and higher overall classification agreement (88 versus 79%). Results suggest that temporally processed MODIS time-series data can detect with good agreement to available reference data the extent and location of historical regional gypsy moth defoliation patches of 0.25 km(2) or more for 250-meter products. The temporal processing techniques used in this study enabled effective broad regional, "wall to wall" gypsy moth defoliation detection products for a 6.2 million ha region that were not produced previously with either MODIS or other satellite data. This study provides new, previously unavailable information on the relative agreement of temporally processed, gypsy moth defoliation detection products from MODIS NDVI time series data with respect to higher spatial resolution Landsat and ASTER data. These results also provided needed timely information on the potential of MODIS data for contributing near real time defoliation products to a USDA Forest Service Forest Threat Early Warning System. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Spruce, Joseph P.; Smoot, James; Kuper, Philip; Russell, Jeffrey] Comp Sci Corp, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Spruce, Joseph P.; Ryan, Robert E.; Smoot, James; Kuper, Philip; Prados, Donald] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Sader, Steven] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Ryan, Robert E.] Innovat Imaging & Res, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Ross, Kenton] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Russell, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gasser, Gerald] John C Stennis Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin Mission Serv, Civil Programs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [McKellip, Rodney] NASA, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Hargrove, William] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Spruce, JP (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM joseph.p.spruce@nasa.gov OI Ross, Kenton/0000-0002-6381-5894 FU NASA at the John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi [NNS04AB54T] FX Participation in this research by Science Systems and Applications, Inc. and Computer Sciences Corporation was supported by NASA at the John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, under Task Order NNS04AB54T. We thank Slawomir Blonski and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 714BS UT WOS:000286782500015 ER PT J AU Skowronski, NS Clark, KL Duveneck, M Hom, J AF Skowronski, Nicholas S. Clark, Kenneth L. Duveneck, Matthew Hom, John TI Three-dimensional canopy fuel loading predicted using upward and downward sensing LiDAR systems SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy bulk density; Fuel loading; Wildfire; LiDAR; Fuel Maps; New Jersey Pinelands ID FIRE BEHAVIOR; BULK-DENSITY; NEW-JERSEY; FOREST AB We calibrated upward sensing profiling and downward sensing scanning LiDAR systems to estimates of canopy fuel loading developed from field plots and allometric equations, and then used the LiDAR datasets to predict canopy bulk density (CBD) and crown fuel weight (CFW) in wildfire prone stands in the New Jersey Pinelands. LiDAR-derived height profiles were also generated in 1-m layers, and regressed on CBD estimates calculated for 1-m layers from field plots to predict three-dimensional canopy fuel loading. We then produced maps of canopy fuel metrics for three 9 km(2) forested areas in the Pinelands. Correlations for standard LiDAR-derived parameters between the two LiDAR systems were all highly significant, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.82 and 0.98. Stepwise linear regression models developed from the profiling LiDAR data predicted maximum CBD and CFW (r(2) = 0.94 and 0.92) better than those developed from the scanning LiDAR data (r(2) = 0.83 and 0.71, respectively). A single regression for the prediction of CBD at all canopy layers had r(2) values of 0.93 and 0.82 for the profiling and scanning datasets, respectively. Individual bin regressions for predicting CBD at each canopy height layer were also highly significant at most canopy heights, with r(2) values for each layer ranging between 0.36 and 0.89, and 0.44 and 0.99 for the profiling and scanning datasets, respectively. Relationships were poorest mid-canopy, where highest average values and highest variability in fuel loading occurred. Fit of data to Gaussian distributions of canopy height profiles facilitated a simpler expression of these parameters for analysis and mapping purposes, with overall r2 values of 0.86 and 0.92 for the profiling and scanning LiDAR datasets, respectively. Our research demonstrates that LiDAR data can be used to generate accurate, three-dimensional representations of canopy structure and fuel loading at high spatial resolution by linking 1-m return height profiles to biometric estimates from field plots. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Clark, Kenneth L.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Skowronski, Nicholas S.] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Duveneck, Matthew] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Hom, John] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Skowronski, NS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 501 4 Mile Rd, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. EM nskowronski@fs.fed.us RI Skowronski, Nicholas/N-4417-2013 OI Skowronski, Nicholas/0000-0002-5801-5614 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.012 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 714BS UT WOS:000286782500037 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE AF McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Satellite image-based maps: Scientific inference or pretty pictures? SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Probability-based inference; Model-based inference; Forest inventory; Accuracy; Bias; Precision; Multinomial logistic regression ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SAMPLE-SURVEYS; DESIGN; MODEL; AREA; REGRESSION; JACKKNIFE; BOOTSTRAP; ERROR AB The scientific method has been characterized as having two distinct components, Discovery and Justification. Discovery emphasizes ideas and creativity, focuses on conceiving hypotheses and constructing models, and is generally regarded as lacking a formal logic. justification begins with the hypotheses and models and ends with a valid scientific inference. Unlike Discovery, justification has a formal logic whose rules must be rigorously followed to produce valid scientific inferences. In particular, when inferences are based on sample data, the rules of the logic of justification require assessments of bias and precision. Thus, satellite image-based maps that lack such assessments for parameters of populations depicted by the maps may be of little utility for scientific inference: essentially, they may be just pretty pictures. Probability- and model-based approaches are explained, illustrated, and compared for producing inferences for population parameters using a map depicting three land cover classes: non-forest, coniferous forest, and deciduous forest. The maps were constructed using forest inventory data and Landsat imagery. Although a multinomial logistic regression model was used to classify the imagery, the methods for assessing bias and precision can be used with any classification method. For probability-based approaches, the difference estimator was used, and for model-based inference, a bootstrap approach was used. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 715 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 714BS UT WOS:000286782500038 ER PT J AU Polvi, LE Wohl, EE Merritt, DM AF Polvi, Lina E. Wohl, Ellen E. Merritt, David M. TI Geomorphic and process domain controls on riparian zones in the Colorado Front Range SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Riparian zones; Process domains; Mountain streams; Floodplain; Vegetation ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RIVER CONTINUUM; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA; CHANNEL; STREAM; CREEK; MODEL; USA AB Delineation of riparian zones along mountain streams is complicated by substantial longitudinal variability in gradient and valley geometry and the lack of a floodplain along many stream reaches. We propose an approach to defining and delineating riparian zones based on site-specific geomorphic features and process domains, as well as the distribution of plant species. We then (1) evaluate which basin-scale (elevation and drainage area) and reach-scale (valley geometry, gradient, and channel width) parameters correlate with riparian width along mountain streams in the Colorado Front Range, and (2) test a three-parameter method for delineating the riparian edge, using geomorphology, hydrology, and vegetation. We identify four general process domains in the Colorado Front Range based on valley geometry and elevation, which reflect glacial history and hydroclimatology: confined, low elevation (CL); unconfined, low elevation (UL); confined, high elevation (CH); and unconfined, high elevation (UH). We utilize process domains because we hypothesize that reach-scale variables correlate more strongly than basin-scale variables with riparian width. The relationships between (i) connectedness, a valley geometry metric describing the average absolute distance from the channel edge to the valley edge, (ii) process domain, and (iii) riparian width were evaluated using a multiple linear regression. Collectively, these variables explained 86% of variability in field-delineated riparian zone width. Reach-scale processes exert a greater influence than longitudinally variable basin-scale parameters on riparian width in the mountainous watersheds of the Colorado Front Range. With respect to the three-parameter method, hydrologic relationships are applicable when comparing by process domain, allowing the stage associated with the riparian edge to be constrained between flow stages. Vegetation composition is significantly different for each of the four process domains, and within each process domain, vegetation is significantly similar within the geomorphically-delineated riparian zone. Although vegetation composition commonly reflects geomorphic and hydrologic processes, many plant species are relatively short-lived and individual plants respond to local disturbances over short time scales. Consequently, we recommend that the larger scale and longer duration riparian controllers, hydrology and geomorphology, be used to delineate riparian areas. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polvi, Lina E.; Wohl, Ellen E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Polvi, LE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lepolvi@cnr.colostate.edu; ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu; dmmerritt@fs.fed.us FU Stream Systems Technology Center of the USDA Forest Service FX We would like to thank the Stream Systems Technology Center of the USDA Forest Service for providing funding for this project. Field help was provided by Sarah Schmeer, Trevor Buckley, Francesco Comiti, Erick Carlson, Gabrielle David, Molly Tedesche, Liz Gilliam, Kevin Pilgrim, Andrew Vogel, and Peter Shellito. Dennis Staley (USDA Forest Service) provided valuable GIS help for creating the base map. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and editor Dick Marston helped us to improve the original manuscript. NR 77 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 125 IS 4 BP 504 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.012 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 711CU UT WOS:000286564800004 ER PT J AU Brunetti-Pierri, N Lanpher, B Erez, A Ananieva, EA Islam, M Marini, JC Sun, Q Yu, CL Hegde, M Li, J Wynn, RM Chuang, DT Hutson, S Lee, B AF Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola Lanpher, Brendan Erez, Ayelet Ananieva, Elitsa A. Islam, Mohammad Marini, Juan C. Sun, Qin Yu, Chunli Hegde, Madhuri Li, Jun Wynn, R. Max Chuang, David T. Hutson, Susan Lee, Brendan TI Phenylbutyrate therapy for maple syrup urine disease SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE; AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; E1-ALPHA LOCUS; MESSENGER-RNA; MOUSE MODEL; MUTATIONS; COMPLEX; EXPRESSION AB Therapy with sodium phenylacetate/benzoate or sodium phenylbutyrate in urea cycle disorder patients has been associated with a selective reduction in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in spite of adequate dietary protein intake. Based on this clinical observation, we investigated the potential of phenylbutyrate treatment to lower BCAA and their corresponding alpha-keto acids (BCKA) in patients with classic and variant late-onset forms of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). We also performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to elucidate the mechanism for this effect. We found that BCAA and BCKA are both significantly reduced following phenylbutyrate therapy in control subjects and in patients with late-onset, intermediate MSUD. In vitro treatment with phenylbutyrate of control fibroblasts and lymphoblasts resulted in an increase in the residual enzyme activity, while treatment of MSUD cells resulted in the variable response which did not simply predict the biochemical response in the patients. In vivo phenylbutyrate increases the proportion of active hepatic enzyme and unphosphorylated form over the inactive phosphorylated form of the E1 alpha subunit of the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC). Using recombinant enzymes, we show that phenylbutyrate prevents phosphorylation of E1 alpha by inhibition of the BCKDC kinase to activate BCKDC overall activity, providing a molecular explanation for the effect of phenylbutyrate in a subset of MSUD patients. Phenylbutyrate treatment may be a valuable treatment for reducing the plasma levels of neurotoxic BCAA and their corresponding BCKA in a subset of MSUD patients and studies of its long-term efficacy are indicated. C1 [Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola; Lanpher, Brendan; Erez, Ayelet; Sun, Qin; Lee, Brendan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lee, Brendan] Baylor Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ananieva, Elitsa A.; Islam, Mohammad; Hutson, Susan] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Marini, Juan C.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Yu, Chunli; Hegde, Madhuri] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Li, Jun; Wynn, R. Max; Chuang, David T.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM blee@bcm.tmc.edu RI Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola/K-8465-2016 OI Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola/0000-0002-6895-8819 FU Baylor College of Medicine General Clinical Research Center [RR00188]; Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Center [HD024064]; Child Health Research Center [HD041648]; Welch Foundation [I-1286]; National Institute of Health [DK54450, RR019453, DK34738, NS38642, DK26758, DK081735]; National Urea Cycle Foundation FX The work was supported in part by the Baylor College of Medicine General Clinical Research Center (RR00188 to B.L.); Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (HD024064 to B.L.); the Child Health Research Center (HD041648 to B.L.), the Welch Foundation (I-1286 to D.T.C.) and the National Institute of Health [(DK54450 (to B.L.), RR019453, DK34738 and NS38642 (to S. H.), and DK26758 (to D.T.C.)]; A. E. is supported by National Institute of Health (DK081735); and by the National Urea Cycle Foundation Research Fellowship. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 631 EP 640 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddq507 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 709VL UT WOS:000286469400001 PM 21098507 ER PT J AU Homan, JW Luce, CH McNamara, JP Glenn, NF AF Homan, Joel W. Luce, Charles H. McNamara, James P. Glenn, Nancy F. TI Improvement of distributed snowmelt energy balance modeling with MODIS-based NDSI-derived fractional snow-covered area data SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrology; snow; remote sensing; arctic ID GRAIN-SIZE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; WATER EQUIVALENT; DEPLETION CURVES; THEMATIC MAPPER; SEASONAL SNOW; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; TERRAIN AB Describing the spatial variability of heterogeneous snowpacks at a watershed or mountain-front scale is important for improvements in large-scale snowmelt modelling. Snowmelt depletion curves, which relate fractional decreases in snow-covered area (SCA) against normalized decreases in snow water equivalent (SWE), are a common approach to scale-up snowmelt models. Unfortunately, the kinds of ground-based observations that are used to develop depletion curves are expensive to gather and for large areas. We describe an approach incorporating remotely sensed fractional SCA (FSCA) data with coinciding daily snowmelt SWE outputs during ablation to quantify the shape of a depletion curve. We joined melt estimates from the Utah Energy Balance Snow Accumulation and Melt Model (UEB) with FSCA data calculated from a normalized difference snow index snow algorithm using NASA's moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) visible (0.545-0.565 mu m) and shortwave infrared (1.628-1.652 mu m) reflectance data. We tested the approach at three 500 m(2) study sites, one in central Idaho and the other two on the North Slope in the Alaskan arctic. The UEB-MODIS-derived depletion curves were evaluated against depletion curves derived from ground-based snow surveys. Comparisons showed strong agreement between the independent estimates. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Homan, Joel W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [McNamara, James P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Glenn, Nancy F.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID USA. RP Homan, JW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jwhoman@alaska.edu RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; McNamara, James/F-1993-2011; Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654 FU NSF-Idaho EPSCoR; National Science Foundation [EPS-0447689, EPS-0814387]; Idaho Space Grant Consortium FX We are grateful to M. Thoma, P. Aishlin, B. Hoffman, C. van Breukelen, and E. Trochim for field assistance and to the Toolik Field Station for logistical support. This work was supported by NSF-Idaho EPSCoR Program and the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0447689 and EPS-0814387, and by the Idaho Space Grant Consortium. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 37 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 650 EP 660 DI 10.1002/hyp.7857 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 721TD UT WOS:000287377200011 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Champagne, ET AF Chung, Si-Yin Champagne, Elaine T. TI Ferulic acid enhances IgE binding to peanut allergens in Western blots SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phenolics; Caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic acids; Peanut allergens; Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3; IgE; Western blot ID PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; CARCINOGENESIS AB Ferulic acid, a phenolic compound, is known to complex with proteins and peanut allergens. Preliminary studies indicated that ferulic acid could also complex with and inhibit IgE antibodies to peanut allergens in ELISA. However, results from Western blots were quite different. The objective of this study was to report the unexpected finding of IgE binding being enhanced rather than reduced by ferulic acid in Western blot. Ferulic acid, at various concentrations (0-10 mg/ml), was mixed with a pooled plasma (containing IgE antibodies) from peanut-allergic individuals before incubation with a peanut allergen-bound membrane and colorimetric detection of IgE. Results showed that an enhancement of allergen bands or IgE binding, compared to the control, was observed at a ferulic concentration of 10 mg/ml. Compounds with a similar structure, such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, at the same concentration, did not have an enhancing effect on IgE binding. Tests with ferulic acid alone or soy proteins indicated that the enhanced IgE binding was due to the IgE-ferulic complexes and not ferulic acid itself. It was concluded that ferulic acid (10 mg/ml), in combination with IgE, enhanced IgE binding to peanut allergens in Western blots. The finding indicated that ferulic acid can help reduce the time for colour development of protein bands in Western blots. Published by Elsevier C1 [Chung, Si-Yin; Champagne, Elaine T.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM siyin.chung@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1639 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.086 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 679VR UT WOS:000284189400050 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI Aggregate Structure and Effect of Phthalic Anhydride-Modified Soy Protein on the Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; reinforcement; rubber; mechanical properties; soy ID REINFORCED NATURAL-RUBBER; COMPOSITES; STARCH; ELASTOMERS; BEHAVIOR; FIBERS AB The aggregate structure of phthalic anhydride (PA) modified soy protein isolate (SPI) was investigated by estimating its fractal dimension from the equilibrated dynamic strain sweep experiments. The estimated fractal dimensions of the filler aggregates were less than 2, indicating that these particle aggregates have a distorted or broken two-dimensional sheet-like structure. The results also indicated that the aggregate structure has a greater effect on the composite reinforcement than the overall aggregate size. Tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, and toughness of hydrolyzed/modified soy composites are comparable with those of carbon black reinforced composites at 10-15% filler fraction. The moduli of PA-modified SPI composites were less sensitive to the pH of the composite preparation compared to the unmodified SPI. The composites prepared at acidic pH, with lower filler fraction, or filled with hydrolyzed/modified SPI are more elastic and less fatigue. The composites of PA-modified SPI had better recovery properties when prepared at acidic instead of alkali pH. PA-modified hydrolyzed SPI composites prepared at acidic pH showed a similar recovery property to that of carbon black reinforced composites, but with greater shear elastic moduli. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 1992-2001, 2011 C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Dept Agr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Dept Agr, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lei.jong@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1992 EP 2001 DI 10.1002/app.32870 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 680LN UT WOS:000284233500015 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dawson-Hughes, B Whiting, SJ AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Whiting, Susan J. TI Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Risk SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PREVENTION C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Whiting, Susan J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Pharm & Nutr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM HeikeABischoff@aol.com NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 171 IS 3 BP 265 EP 265 DI 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.531 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 721CI UT WOS:000287328700019 PM 21325121 ER PT J AU Balkcom, KS Satterwhite, JL Arriaga, FJ Price, AJ Van Santen, E AF Balkcom, Kipling S. Satterwhite, Jason L. Arriaga, Francisco J. Price, Andrew J. Van Santen, Edzard TI Conventional and glyphosate-resistant maize yields across plant densities in single- and twin-row configurations SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Conservation systems; Cover crop; Oat; Rye ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; WINTER COVER CROPS; WEED-CONTROL; GRAIN-YIELD; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; LEAF-AREA; SOIL; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT AB Maize (Zea mays L.) produced in narrow rows can increase yields and accelerate canopy closure. Costly equipment modifications make narrow rows impractical, but a twin-row configuration may boost production with fewer equipment modifications. Four field experiments were conducted to measure weed biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and yield for a conventional (CN) and a glyphosate-resistant (GR) hybrid across three plant densities (low 4.0-4.4 plants m(-2): medium 5.9-6.4 plants m(-2); and high 7.9-8.4 plants m(-2)) and two row configurations (single vs. twin) in a conservation tillage system during the 2005 growing season. The experimental design was a split-split plot with a RCB arrangement of whole plots where hybrids were assigned to main plots, row configurations to subplots, and plant density to sub-subplots with four replications. Row configuration had little effect on weed biomass compared to plant density and hybrid. Leaf area index increased with higher plant density at all locations. In general, LAI increased with the twin-row configuration, but LAI also varied with hybrid based on interactions between hybrid and plant density or row configuration. Row configuration had little impact on maize yields, while plant density had the most effect on yields. Plant density also interacted with hybrid or row configuration at multiple locations, although maize yields did not always increase with higher plant density. Conventional hybrids may also provide an alternative to GR hybrids, particularly at lower plant densities. Maize yield increases with twin rows were minimal and may not justify twin row conversion under dryland conditions, but growers that already utilize twin-row equipment will not suffer yield decreases by planting twin rows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Balkcom, Kipling S.; Arriaga, Francisco J.; Price, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Satterwhite, Jason L.; Van Santen, Edzard] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Balkcom, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM kip.balkcom@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 120 IS 3 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.10.013 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 715CB UT WOS:000286856900002 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Nicklas, TA Zanovec, M Fulgoni, VL AF O'Neil, Carol E. Nicklas, Theresa A. Zanovec, Michael Fulgoni, Victor L., III TI Diet quality is positively associated with 100% fruit juice consumption in children and adults in the United States: NHANES 2003-2006 SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; ONE 24-HOUR RECALL; NUTRIENT INTAKE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; WEIGHT STATUS; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; ADOLESCENTS; ENERGY; OBESITY AB Background: One hundred percent fruit juice (100% FJ) has been viewed by some as a sweetened beverage with concerns about its effect on weight. Little regard has been given to the contribution of 100% FJ to diet quality. Methods: In this study data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to examine the association of 100% FJ consumption with diet quality in participants 2-5 years of age (y) (n = 1665), 6-12 y (n = 2446), 13-18 y (n = 3139), and 19+y (n = 8861). Two 24-hour dietary recalls were used to determine usual intake using the National Cancer Institute method. Usual intake, standard errors, and regression analyses (juice independent variable and Healthy Eating Index-2005 [HEI-2005] components were dependent variables), using appropriate covariates, were determined using sample weights. Results: The percentage of participants 2-5 y, 6-12 y, 13-18 y, and 19+y that consumed 100% FJ was 71%, 57%, 45%, and 62%, respectively. Usual intake of 100% FJ (ounce [oz]/day) among the four age groups was: 5.8 +/- 0.6, 2.6 +/- 0.4, 3.7 +/- 0.4, and 2.4 +/- 0.2 for those in age groups 2-5 y, 6-12 y, 13-18 y, and 19+y, respectively. Consumption of 100% FJ was associated with higher energy intake in 6-12 y, 13-18 y, and 19+y; and higher total, saturated, and discretionary fats in 13-18 y participants. Consumption of 100% FJ was associated with higher total HEI-2005 scores in all age groups (< 0.0001). In 100% FJ consumers, total and whole fruit consumption was higher and intake of added sugars was lower in all age groups. Conclusions: Usual intake of 100% FJ consumption exceeded MyPyramid recommendations for children 2-5 y, but was associated with better diet quality in all age groups and should be encouraged in moderation as part of a healthy diet. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.; Zanovec, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, 261 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneil1@lsu.edu FU USDA - Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-003]; Juice Products Association; USDA [LAB 93951] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston, Texas. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U.S. government. This research project was supported by the USDA - Agricultural Research Service through specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003 and the Juice Products Association. Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Project LAB 93951. Other than the partial funding of this study from the Juice Products Association, the sponsor had no role in the design and conduction of the study; the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation and approval of the manuscript NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PD FEB 13 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-10-17 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 733MD UT WOS:000288265900001 PM 21314991 ER PT J AU Dupont, FM Vensel, WH Tanaka, CK Hurkman, WJ Altenbach, SB AF Dupont, Frances M. Vensel, William H. Tanaka, Charlene K. Hurkman, William J. Altenbach, Susan B. TI Deciphering the complexities of the wheat flour proteome using quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis, three proteases and tandem mass spectrometry SO PROTEOME SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; GLIADIN GENES; ENDOSPERM PROTEINS; STORAGE PROTEINS; BREAD WHEAT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE AB Background: Wheat flour is one of the world's major food ingredients, in part because of the unique end-use qualities conferred by the abundant glutamine-and proline-rich gluten proteins. Many wheat flour proteins also present dietary problems for consumers with celiac disease or wheat allergies. Despite the importance of these proteins it has been particularly challenging to use MS/MS to distinguish the many proteins in a flour sample and relate them to gene sequences. Results: Grain from the extensively characterized spring wheat cultivar Triticum aestivum 'Butte 86' was milled to white flour from which proteins were extracted, then separated and quantified by 2-DE. Protein spots were identified by separate digestions with three proteases, followed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the peptides. The spectra were used to interrogate an improved protein sequence database and results were integrated using the Scaffold program. Inclusion of cultivar specific sequences in the database greatly improved the results, and 233 spots were identified, accounting for 93.1% of normalized spot volume. Identified proteins were assigned to 157 wheat sequences, many for proteins unique to wheat and nearly 40% from Butte 86. Alpha-gliadins accounted for 20.4% of flour protein, low molecular weight glutenin subunits 18.0%, high molecular weight glutenin subunits 17.1%, gamma-gliadins 12.2%, omega-gliadins 10.5%, amylase/protease inhibitors 4.1%, triticins 1.6%, serpins 1.6%, purinins 0.9%, farinins 0.8%, beta-amylase 0.5%, globulins 0.4%, other enzymes and factors 1.9%, and all other 3%. Conclusions: This is the first successful effort to identify the majority of abundant flour proteins for a single wheat cultivar, relate them to individual gene sequences and estimate their relative levels. Many genes for wheat flour proteins are not expressed, so this study represents further progress in describing the expressed wheat genome. Use of cultivar-specific contigs helped to overcome the difficulties of matching peptides to gene sequences for members of highly similar, rapidly evolving storage protein families. Prospects for simplifying this process for routine analyses are discussed. The ability to measure expression levels for individual flour protein genes complements information gained from efforts to sequence the wheat genome and is essential for studies of effects of environment on gene expression. C1 [Dupont, Frances M.; Vensel, William H.; Tanaka, Charlene K.; Hurkman, William J.; Altenbach, Susan B.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM susan.altenbach@ars.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [5325-43000-026-00 D] FX The authors thank Dr. Donald Kasarda, for continuous discussion of the many fine details of flour protein sequences, Dr. Ann Blechl for careful review of the manuscript, and Stacia Sloane for contributions to MS/MS data analysis. This research was funded by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 5325-43000-026-00 D. Mention of a specific product name by the United States Department of Agriculture does not constitute an endorsement and does not imply a recommendation over other suitable products. NR 85 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-5956 J9 PROTEOME SCI JI Proteome Sci. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 9 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1477-5956-9-10 PG 29 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 733NE UT WOS:000288268600001 PM 21314956 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Driscoll, CT Pourmokhtarian, A Hayhoe, K AF Campbell, John L. Driscoll, Charles T. Pourmokhtarian, Afshin Hayhoe, Katharine TI Streamflow responses to past and projected future changes in climate at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; INTEGRATED BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL; NEW-ENGLAND; WATER AVAILABILITY; DIVISION DATABASE; RECENT TRENDS; EASTERN US; PNET-BGC; NEW-YORK; RUNOFF AB Climate change has the potential to alter streamflow regimes, having ecological, economic, and societal implications. In the northeastern United States, it is unclear how climate change may affect surface water supply, which is of critical importance in this densely populated region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of climate change on the timing and quantity of streamflow at small watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. The site is ideal for this analysis because of the availability of long-term hydroclimatological records for analyzing past trends and ample data to parameterize and test hydrological models used to predict future trends. In this study, future streamflow projections were developed with the forest watershed model PnET-BGC, driven by climate change scenarios from statistically downscaled outputs of atmospheric-ocean general circulation models. Results indicated that earlier snowmelt and the diminishing snowpack is advancing the timing and reducing the magnitude of peak discharge associated with snowmelt. Past increases in precipitation have caused annual water yield to increase significantly, a trend that is expected to continue under future climate change. Significant declines in evapotranspiration have been observed over the long-term record, although the cause has not been identified. In the future, evapotranspiration is expected to increase in response to a warmer and wetter environment. These increases in evapotranspiration largely offset increases in precipitation, resulting in relatively little change in streamflow. Future work should aim to decrease uncertainty in the climate projections, particularly for precipitation, obtain a better understanding of the effect of CO2 on vegetation, determine if climate-induced changes in tree species composition will influence discharge, and assess the impacts of changing hydrology on downstream water supplies. C1 [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03081 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.; Pourmokhtarian, Afshin] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03081 USA. EM jlcampbell@fs.fed.us RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU Environmental Protection Agency; USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Thomas Huntington, Chelcy Ford, and three anonymous referees for providing helpful comments that improved this manuscript. Amey Bailey compiled the long-term hydrometeorological data collected at the HBEF. Funding for this study was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency and the USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative. This manuscript is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. NR 77 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W02514 DI 10.1029/2010WR009438 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 721BS UT WOS:000287327000002 ER PT J AU Rosell, CM Yokoyama, W Shoemaker, C AF Rosell, Cristina M. Yokoyama, W. Shoemaker, C. TI Rheology of different hydrocolloids-rice starch blends. Effect of successive heating-cooling cycles SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Rice starch; Hydrocolloid; Pasting; Viscoelastic properties; Swelling ID YELLOW MUSTARD MUCILAGE; XANTHAN GUM; GUAR GUM; PASTING PROPERTIES; WHEAT; MIXTURES; QUALITY; GLUTEN; FLOUR; COMPONENTS AB Hydrocolloids are frequently used for modifying starch functionality. In the present study the possible interaction of three different hydrocolloids - guar gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and xanthan gum - with rice starch was explored by determining the pasting, viscoelastic and swelling properties of the rice starch-hydrocolloids mixtures. The impact of successive heating-cooling cycles on the pasting, viscoelasticity and swelling was also determined. Hydrocolloids tested in the range 0.2-0.8% (w/w) significantly modified the pasting, viscoelastic and swelling properties of rice starch-hydrocolloid pastes (8%, w/w) and the extent of the effect was dependent on hydrocolloid concentration. Guar and xanthan gum mixtures with rice starch had the greatest effect on the pasting properties, whereas HPMC mixtures only changed the viscosity during cooling. The starch-hydrocolloids pastes formed weaker gels compared to those of the starch alone. Rheological results suggested the formation of composite network structures with high frequency dependence. Successive multiple-heating cycles allowed the gel to rearrange resulting in altered gel viscoelasticity and release of water soluble compounds that favour phase separation at the highest hydrocolloid level tested. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosell, Cristina M.] CSIC, Inst Agrochem & Food Technol, Valencia 46980, Spain. [Yokoyama, W.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rosell, Cristina M.; Shoemaker, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rosell, CM (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Agrochem & Food Technol, Ave Agustin Escardino 7, Valencia 46980, Spain. EM crosell@iata.csic.es RI Rosell, Cristina/F-4888-2010 OI Rosell, Cristina/0000-0001-7197-5874 FU University of California-Davis; Ministry of Education and Science; Spanish Research National Council (CSIC); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AGL2008-00092/ALI]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science FX Financial support from University of California-Davis, Ministry of Education and Science, Spanish Research National Council (CSIC) and Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Project AGL2008-00092/ALI) is gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Rosell thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for her grant. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.047 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 721JN UT WOS:000287349500049 ER PT J AU Lintz, HE McCune, B Gray, AN McCulloh, KA AF Lintz, Heather E. McCune, Bruce Gray, Andrew N. McCulloh, Katherine A. TI Quantifying ecological thresholds from response surfaces SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Threshold Strength; Regime shift; Response surface; Diagonality; Abrupt change; CART; Random Forest; NPMR; Method; Complex system; Bimodality; Monotonic; Shape descriptor; Tipping point; Niche modeling ID REGIME SHIFTS; IDENTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; COMPLEXITY; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Ecological thresholds are abrupt changes of ecological state. While an ecological threshold is a widely accepted concept, most empirical methods detect them in time or across geographic space. Although useful, these approaches do not quantify the direct drivers of threshold response. Causal understanding of thresholds detected empirically requires their investigation in a multi-factor domain containing the direct drivers (often referred to as state space). Here, we present an approach to quantify thresholds from response surfaces modeled empirically in state space. We present two indices of shape attributes measured from response surfaces. The response surfaces are built using a regression method in state space. The indices are threshold strength (T) and diagonality (D). We use 48 simulated response surfaces of different shapes to test the efficacy of the indices in 3D. Our results show that T is sensitive to the steepness of the transition from one state to the next, with various forms of abrupt, centralized thresholds yielding the highest values among the simulated surfaces. D represents the orientation of the response surface or the simultaneous influence of more than one predictor in eliciting the response gradient. Strongly diagonal surfaces have the most diagonal surface area demonstrated by sharply undulating diagonal surfaces. Given that the success of T and D requires a regression method to accurately capture any shape of complex data structure, we also test the accuracy of empirical regression methods known to be tractable with complex data. We test classification and regression trees (CART), Random Forest, and non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) for binary and continuous responses. We use the 48 simulated response surfaces to test the methods, and we find that prediction accuracy depends on both the T and D of the simulated data for each method. We choose the most accurate method among those we test for capturing any shape of response surface from real data, NPMR. Finally, we use NPMR to build response surfaces and quantify T and D from real ecological data sets. We demonstrate how measuring threshold strength and diagonality from multi-factor response surfaces can advance ecology. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lintz, Heather E.; McCune, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gray, Andrew N.] USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [McCulloh, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lintz, HE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lintzh@science.oregonstate.edu FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service FX We thank the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service for funding this work. We thank the following people for data or comments: Peter Dolan, Paul Murtaugh, Alix Gitelman, and Richard Waring. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 3 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.017 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714BP UT WOS:000286782200005 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Vavra, M Naylor, BJ Boyd, JM AF Rinella, Matthew J. Vavra, Martin Naylor, Bridgett J. Boyd, Jennifer M. TI Estimating influence of stocking regimes on livestock grazing distributions SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Animal position data; Grazing; Hierarchical Bayesian Statistics; Livestock; Seemingly unrelated regression models; SUR models ID CATTLE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; FORAGE AVAILABILITY; UNITED-STATES; PADDOCK SIZE; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; INTENSITY; FREQUENCY AB Livestock often concentrate grazing in particular regions of landscapes while partly or wholly avoiding other regions. Dispersing livestock from the heavily grazed regions is a central challenge in grazing land management. Position data gathered from GPS-collared livestock hold potential for increasing knowledge of factors driving livestock aggregation patterns, but advances in gathering the data have outpaced advancements in analyzing and learning from it. We fit a hierarchical seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model to explore how season of stocking and the location where cattle entered a pasture influenced grazing distributions. Stocking alternated between summer on one side of the pasture one year and fall on another side of the pasture the next year for 18 years. Waypoints were recorded on cattle for 50 d each year. We focused our analysis on the pasture's 10 most heavily grazed 4-ha units, because these units were the most prone to negative grazing impacts. Though grazing of the study units was always disproportionately heavy, it was much heavier with the summer than fall stocking regime: Bayesian confidence intervals indicate summer grazing of study units was approximately double the average fall grazing value. This is our core result, and it illustrates the strong effect stocking season or date or both can have on grazing distributions. We fit three additional models to explore the relative importance of stocking season versus location. According to this analysis, stocking season played a role, but stocking location was the main driver. Ostensibly minor factors (e.g. stocking location) can greatly influence livestock distributions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rinella, Matthew J.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Vavra, Martin; Naylor, Bridgett J.; Boyd, Jennifer M.] USFS, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM matt.rinella@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 3 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.004 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714BP UT WOS:000286782200025 ER PT J AU Manzoni, S Katul, G Fay, PA Polley, HW Porporato, A AF Manzoni, Stefano Katul, Gabriel Fay, Philip A. Polley, H. Wayne Porporato, Amilcare TI Modeling the vegetation-atmosphere carbon dioxide and water vapor interactions along a controlled CO2 gradient SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Canopy turbulence; Enclosed environments; Elevated CO2; Heat exchange; Optimal stomatal conductance; Photosynthesis ID GAS-EXCHANGE; VENTILATION TRANSFERS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GREENHOUSE CLIMATE; SOIL CARBON; PINE FOREST; NITROGEN; TRANSPIRATION; CANOPY AB Ecosystem functioning is intimately linked to its physical environment by complex two-way interactions. These two-way interactions arise because vegetation both responds to the external environment and actively regulates its micro-environment. By altering stomatal aperture, and therefore the transpiration rate, plants modify soil moisture and atmospheric humidity and these same physical variables, in return, modify stomatal conductance. Relationships between biotic and abiotic components are particularly strong in closed, managed environments such as greenhouses and growth chambers, which are used extensively to investigate ecosystem responses to climatic drivers. Model-assisted designs that account for the physiological dynamics governing two-way interactions between biotic and abiotic components are absent from many ecological studies. Here, a general model of the vegetation-atmosphere system in closed environments is proposed. The model accounts for the linked carbon-water physiology, the turbulent transport processes, and the energy and radiative transfer within the vegetation. Leaf gas exchange is modeled using a carbon gain optimization approach that is coupled to leaf energy balance. The turbulent transport within the canopy is modeled in two-dimensions using first-order closure principles. The model is applied to the Lysimeter CO2 Gradient (LYCOG) facility, wherein a continuous gradient of atmospheric CO2 is maintained on grassland assemblages using an elongated chamber where the microclimate is regulated by variation in air flow rates. The model is employed to investigate how species composition, climatic conditions, and the imposed air flow rate affect the CO2 concentration gradient within the LYCOG and the canopy micro-climate. The sensitivity of the model to key physiological and climatic parameters allows it to be used not only to manage current experiments, but also to formulate novel ecological hypotheses (e.g., by modeling climatic regimes not currently employed in LYCOG) and suggest alternative experimental designs and operational strategies for such facilities. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Manzoni, Stefano; Katul, Gabriel; Porporato, Amilcare] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Manzoni, Stefano; Katul, Gabriel; Porporato, Amilcare] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fay, Philip A.; Polley, H. Wayne] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Manzoni, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM stefano.manzoni@duke.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Manzoni, Stefano/C-5330-2009; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Manzoni, Stefano/0000-0002-5960-5712; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-6206-7-029]; United States Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) [DE-FG02-95ER62083, DE-FG02-06ER64156]; National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR 0628342, NSF-EAR 0635787] FX This research was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA grant 58-6206-7-029), by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program (FACE and NICCR grants: DE-FG02-95ER62083, DE-FG02-06ER64156), and by the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR 0628342, NSF-EAR 0635787). We also thank Mario Siqueira for help with the implementation of CANVEG and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 3 BP 653 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.016 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714BP UT WOS:000286782200029 ER PT J AU Parsons, RA Mell, WE McCauley, P AF Parsons, Russell A. Mell, William E. McCauley, Peter TI Linking 3D spatial models of fuels and fire: Effects of spatial heterogeneity on fire behavior SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Functional structural plant model (FSPM); Crown fuel; Pipe model theory; CFD; Fire behavior ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PLANT-GROWTH; CROWN FIRE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; TREE-CROWN; JACK PINE; ARCHITECTURE; BIOMASS; CANOPY; SIMULATION AB Crown fire endangers fire fighters and can have severe ecological consequences. Prediction of fire behavior in tree crowns is essential to informed decisions in fire management. Current methods used in fire management do not address variability in crown fuels. New mechanistic physics-based fire models address convective heat transfer with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and can be used to model fire in heterogeneous crown fuels. However, the potential impacts of variability in crown fuels on fire behavior have not yet been explored. In this study we describe a new model, FUEL3D, which incorporates the pipe model theory (PMT) and a simple 3D recursive branching approach to model the distribution of fuel within individual tree crowns. FUEL3D uses forest inventory data as inputs, and stochastically retains geometric variability observed in field data. We investigate the effects of crown fuel heterogeneity on fire behavior with a CFD fire model by simulating fire under a homogeneous tree crown and a heterogeneous tree crown modeled with FUEL3D, using two different levels of surface fire intensity. Model output is used to estimate the probability of tree mortality, linking fire behavior and fire effects at the scale of an individual tree. We discovered that variability within a tree crown altered the timing, magnitude and dynamics of how fire burned through the crown; effects varied with surface fire intensity. In the lower surface fire intensity case, the heterogeneous tree crown barely ignited and would likely survive, while the homogeneous tree had nearly 80% fuel consumption and an order of magnitude difference in total net radiative heat transfer. In the higher surface fire intensity case, both cases burned readily. Differences for the homogeneous tree between the two surface fire intensity cases were minimal but were dramatic for the heterogeneous tree. These results suggest that heterogeneity within the crown causes more conditional, threshold-like interactions with fire. We conclude with discussion of implications for fire behavior modeling and fire ecology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Parsons, Russell A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Mell, William E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCauley, Peter] Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA USA. RP Parsons, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy,10 West, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rparsons@fs.fed.us RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We wish to acknowledge E. Reinhardt and R. Keane for use of data from their crown fuels field study. We greatly appreciate comments from two anonymous reviewers which were helpful in improving the clarity and organization of this manuscript. This study was supported by the USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 98 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 3 BP 679 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.023 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714BP UT WOS:000286782200031 ER PT J AU Shock, BC Murphy, SM Patton, LL Shock, PM Olfenbuttel, C Beringer, J Prange, S Grove, DM Peek, M Butfiloski, JW Hughes, DW Lockhart, JM Bevins, SN VandeWoude, S Crooks, KR Nettles, VF Brown, HM Peterson, DS Yabsley, MJ AF Shock, Barbara C. Murphy, Staci M. Patton, Laura L. Shock, Philip M. Olfenbuttel, Colleen Beringer, Jeff Prange, Suzanne Grove, Daniel M. Peek, Matt Butfiloski, Joseph W. Hughes, Daymond W. Lockhart, J. Mitchell Bevins, Sarah N. VandeWoude, Sue Crooks, Kevin R. Nettles, Victor F. Brown, Holly M. Peterson, David S. Yabsley, Michael J. TI Distribution and prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis in bobcats (Lynx rufus), the natural reservoir, and other wild felids in thirteen states SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bobcat; Cytauxzoon; Piroplasms; Survey; Tick; Vector-borne ID INTRAERYTHROCYTIC SMALL PIROPLASM; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; ASYMPTOMATIC DOMESTIC CATS; FATAL CYTAUXZOONOSIS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; TRANSMISSION; FLORIDA; INFECTION; GEORGIA; DISEASE AB Cytauxzoon fells, a protozoan parasite of wild and domestic felids, is the causative agent of cytauxzoonosis in domestic and some exotic felids in the United States. The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is the natural reservoir for this parasite, but other felids such as Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryii) and domestic cats may maintain long-term parasitemias and serve as reservoirs. Experimentally, two tick species,Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum, have demonstrated the ability to transmit C. fells. These two tick species have overlapping distributions throughout much of the southeastern United States. The objective of the current study was to determine the distribution and prevalence of C. fells in free-ranging bobcat populations from 13 states including California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and West Virginia. These states were selected because of differential vector presence; D. variabilis is present in each of these states except for the region of Colorado sampled and A. americanum is currently known to be present only in a subset of these states. Blood or spleen samples from 696 bobcats were tested for C. felis infection by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which targeted the first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1). Significantly higher prevalences of C. fells were detected from Missouri (79%, n = 39), North Carolina (63%, n = 8), Oklahoma (60%, n = 20), South Carolina (57%, n = 7), Kentucky (55%, n = 74), Florida (44%, n = 45), and Kansas (27%, n = 41) compared with Georgia (9%, n = 159), North Dakota (2.4%, n = 124), Ohio (0%, n = 19), West Virginia (0%, n = 37), California (0%, n = 26), and Colorado (0%, n = 67). In addition to bobcats, seven cougars (Puma concolor) from Georgia, Louisiana, and North Dakota and one serval (Leptailurus serval) from Louisiana were tested for C fells. Only one cougar from Louisiana was PCR positive, which represents the first report of an infected cougar outside of the Florida panther population. These data also indicate that C. felis is present in North Dakota where infection has not been reported in domestic cats. Based on a nonparametric analysis, prevalence rates were significantly higher in states where there are established populations of A. americanum, which supports recent data on the experimental transmission of C. fells by A. americanum and the fact that domestic cat clinical cases are temporally associated with A. americanum activity. Collectively, these data confirm that bobcats are a common reservoir for C. fells and that A. americanum is likely an epidemiologically important vector. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shock, Barbara C.; Murphy, Staci M.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shock, Barbara C.; Peterson, David S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Patton, Laura L.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Shock, Philip M.] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Charleston, WV 25305 USA. [Olfenbuttel, Colleen] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Beringer, Jeff] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Prange, Suzanne] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Grove, Daniel M.] N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Peek, Matt] Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Pratt, KS 67124 USA. [Butfiloski, Joseph W.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Hughes, Daymond W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. [Lockhart, J. Mitchell] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Bevins, Sarah N.; VandeWoude, Sue; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Microbiol Immunol & Pathol Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nettles, Victor F.] Wildlife Hlth Associates, Dillon, MT 59725 USA. [Brown, Holly M.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shock, BC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr,Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bshock@uga.edu FU Morris Animal Foundation [DO8FE-003]; fish and wildlife agencies in Alabama; fish and wildlife agencies in Arkansas; fish and wildlife agencies in Florida; fish and wildlife agencies in Georgia; fish and wildlife agencies in Kansas; fish and wildlife agencies in Kentucky; fish and wildlife agencies in Louisiana; fish and wildlife agencies in Maryland; fish and wildlife agencies in Mississippi; fish and wildlife agencies in Missouri; fish and wildlife agencies in North Carolina; fish and wildlife agencies in Oklahoma; fish and wildlife agencies in Puerto Rico; fish and wildlife agencies in South Carolina; fish and wildlife agencies in Tennessee; fish and wildlife agencies in Virginia; fish and wildlife agencies in West Virginia FX The authors thank numerous personnel from state agencies who collected felid samples. This study was primarily funded by the Morris Animal Foundation (DO8FE-003). Additional support was provided by the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and through sponsorship from fish and wildlife agencies in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Samples from Colorado and California were collected as part of the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease Program with additional thanks to Linda Sweanor, Robert Alonso, Erin Boydston, and Lisa Lyren. The authors also thank Dr. Roy Berghaus for statistical assistance. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 175 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.009 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 722NA UT WOS:000287437800017 PM 21071149 ER PT J AU Fiuza, VRD Cosendey, RIJ Frazao-Teixeira, E Santin, M Fayer, R de Oliveira, FCR AF da Silva Fiuza, Vagner Ricardo Juliboni Cosendey, Rachel Ingrid Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald Rodrigues de Oliveira, Francisco Carlos TI Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in Brazilian sheep SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidiosis; PCR; Cryptosporidium ubiquitum ID CERVINE GENOTYPE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DAIRY CALVES; GOAT KIDS; PREVALENCE; GIARDIA; LAMBS; HUMANS; PARVUM; IDENTIFICATION AB Feces were collected from 125 sheep between January and December 2007, on ten farms in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium. Ninety samples were collected from lambs 2 to 6 months of age, and 35 were from sheep over 12 months of age. All samples were subjected to molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) in two steps of the SSU rRNA. Two samples (1.6%) from the lambs were positive, and after sequencing were identified as Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. This species has been reported worldwide and it is considered a zoonotic pathogen since it has been found and in several animal species and humans. However, because of the low frequency of C. ubiquitum found, the risk for public health in this region may not be high. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [da Silva Fiuza, Vagner Ricardo; Juliboni Cosendey, Rachel Ingrid; Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards; Rodrigues de Oliveira, Francisco Carlos] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agropecuarias, Lab Sanidade Anim, BR-28013023 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fiuza, VRD (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agropecuarias, Lab Sanidade Anim, Av Alberto Lamego 2000,Campos Goytacazes, BR-28013023 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM fiuza@uenf.br RI Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/A-9542-2015 OI Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/0000-0001-7505-4765 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX The authors would like to thank Samira Salim Mello Gallo for technical support, and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for financial support. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 175 IS 3-4 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.036 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 722NA UT WOS:000287437800022 PM 21075526 ER PT J AU Cardenas, M Grajales, A Sierra, R Rojas, A Gonzalez-Almario, A Vargas, A Marin, M Fermin, G Lagos, LE Grunwald, NJ Bernal, A Salazar, C Restrepo, S AF Cardenas, Martha Grajales, Alejandro Sierra, Roberto Rojas, Alejandro Gonzalez-Almario, Adriana Vargas, Angela Marin, Mauricio Fermin, Gustavo Lagos, Luz E. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Bernal, Adriana Salazar, Camilo Restrepo, Silvia TI Genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Northern Andean region SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LATE BLIGHT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CENTRAL MEXICO; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; STATISTICAL-METHOD; CULTIVATED POTATO; SOLANACEOUS HOSTS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; EFFECTOR AVR3A AB Background: Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal agent of potato late blight, is responsible for tremendous crop losses worldwide. Countries in the northern part of the Andes dedicate a large proportion of the highlands to the production of potato, and more recently, solanaceous fruits such as cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), all of which are hosts of this oomycete. In the Andean region, P. infestans populations have been well characterized in Ecuador and Peru, but are poorly understood in Colombia and Venezuela. To understand the P. infestans population structure in the Northern part of the Andes, four nuclear regions (ITS, Ras, beta-tubulin and Avr3a) and one mitochondrial (Cox1) region were analyzed in isolates of P. infestans sampled from different hosts in Colombia and Venezuela. Results: Low genetic diversity was found within this sample of P. infestans isolates from crops within several regions of Colombia and Venezuela, revealing the presence of clonal populations of the pathogen in this region. We detected low frequency heterozygotes, and their distribution patterns might be a consequence of a high migration rate among populations with poor effective gene flow. Consistent genetic differentiation exists among isolates from different regions. Conclusions: The results here suggest that in the Northern Andean region P. infestans is a clonal population with some within-clone variation. P. infestans populations in Venezuela reflect historic isolation that is being reinforced by a recent self-sufficiency of potato seeds. In summary, the P. infestans population is mainly shaped by migration and probably by the appearance of variants of key effectors such as Avr3a. C1 [Cardenas, Martha; Grajales, Alejandro; Sierra, Roberto; Rojas, Alejandro; Gonzalez-Almario, Adriana; Vargas, Angela; Bernal, Adriana; Restrepo, Silvia] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Marin, Mauricio] Univ Nacl Colombia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia. [Fermin, Gustavo] Univ Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. [Lagos, Luz E.] Univ Narino, Pasto, Narino, Colombia. [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Salazar, Camilo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Salazar, Camilo] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Cardenas, M (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. EM martcard@unlandes.edu.co RI Salazar, camilo/A-1647-2010; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Rojas, J Alejandro/D-9273-2016; OI Salazar, camilo/0000-0001-9217-6588; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Rojas, J Alejandro/0000-0001-5492-5963; Marin, Mauricio/0000-0001-7123-2747; Restrepo, Silvia/0000-0001-9016-1040; Sierra, Roberto/0000-0002-8657-1781 FU Facultad de Ciencias of the Universidad de Los Andes; FONACIT [2004000490-26140]; CDCHT-ULA [C-1260-04-01-B]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [5358-22000-034-00 D] FX In Colombia this work was financed by the Facultad de Ciencias of the Universidad de Los Andes. In Venezuela, the study was financed by FONACIT (Grant 2004000490-26140) and CDCHT-ULA (Grant C-1260-04-01-B). NJG was supported by funds from USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 5358-22000-034-00 D. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-12-23 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 730GZ UT WOS:000288023100001 PM 21303555 ER PT J AU Narina, SS Buyyarapu, R Kottapalli, KR Sartie, AM Ali, MI Robert, A Hodeba, MJD Sayre, BL Scheffler, BE AF Narina, Satya S. Buyyarapu, Ramesh Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao Sartie, Alieu M. Ali, Mohamed I. Robert, Asiedu Hodeba, Mignouna J. D. Sayre, Brian L. Scheffler, Brian E. TI Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for marker development in yam (Dioscorea alata L.) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE; LINDEMUTHIANUM; IDENTIFICATION; ANNOTATION; INDUCTION; BLAST2GO; ISLANDS; DISEASE; ORYZAE AB Background: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is a major limiting factor in the production of yam (Dioscorea spp.) worldwide. Availability of high quality sequence information is necessary for designing molecular markers associated with resistance. However, very limited sequence information pertaining to yam is available at public genome databases. Therefore, this collaborative project was developed for genetic improvement and germplasm characterization of yams using molecular markers. The current investigation is focused on studying gene expression, by large scale generation of ESTs, from one susceptible (TDa 95-0310) and two resistant yam genotypes (TDa 87-01091, TDa 95-0328) challenged with the fungus. Total RNA was isolated from young leaves of resistant and susceptible genotypes and cDNA libraries were sequenced using Roche 454 technology. Results: A total of 44,757 EST sequences were generated from the cDNA libraries of the resistant and susceptible genotypes. Greater than 56% of ESTs were annotated using MapMan Mercator tool and Blast2GO search tools. Gene annotations were used to characterize the transcriptome in yam and also perform a differential gene expression analysis between the resistant and susceptible EST datasets. Mining for SSRs in the ESTs revealed 1702 unique sequences containing SSRs and 1705 SSR markers were designed using those sequences. Conclusion: We have developed a comprehensive annotated transcriptome data set in yam to enrich the EST information in public databases. cDNA libraries were constructed from anthracnose fungus challenged leaf tissues for transcriptome characterization, and differential gene expression analysis. Thus, it helped in identifying unique transcripts in each library for disease resistance. These EST resources provide the basis for future microarray development, marker validation, genetic linkage mapping and QTL analysis in Dioscorea species. C1 [Narina, Satya S.; Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Buyyarapu, Ramesh] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Kottapalli, Kameswara Rao] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sartie, Alieu M.; Robert, Asiedu] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Ali, Mohamed I.] USDA NIFA, Washington, DC USA. [Hodeba, Mignouna J. D.] African Agr Technol Fdn, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Sayre, Brian L.] Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Narina, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM snarina@vsu.edu; Brian.Scheffler@ars.usda.gov OI Buyyarapu, Ramesh/0000-0002-5343-9960; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USAID through IITA FX This project was supported by a USAID linkage grant through IITA awarded to Mohamed Ali, Mignouna HD Robert and Asiedu Robert. Authors like to acknowledge Dr. Siva Kumpatla and Dr. Teklu Andebrahan for helpful hints during execution of the experiment, Pradeep K Sripathi for continued support and Linda Ballard for BLAST search to fungal gene database. Authors acknowledge the support from MapMan team for annotation and generating the mapping file. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 100 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-100 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 730HG UT WOS:000288023800001 PM 21303556 ER PT J AU Finotti, E Bersani, E Friedman, M AF Finotti, Enrico Bersani, Enrico Friedman, Mendel TI Application of a Functional Mathematical Index for Antibacterial and Anticarcinogenic Effects of Tea Catechins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Catechins; teas; composition; functional mathematical index; FMI; food quality; food safety ID THEAFLAVINS; EXTRACTS AB Tea leaves produce secondary metabolites that are involved in the defense of the plants against invading pathogens. In the case of green teas, these metabolites are polyphenolic compounds called catechins. Previous studies developed a mathematical formula called functional mathematical index (FMI) that was used to describe the quality of different olive oils and potatoes in terms of compositional parameters and antioxidative properties of individual components. This study extends the development of the FMI concept to define an "optimum tea" based on reported relationships between the content of structurally different catechins of a large number of teas and their dual beneficial effects: antimicrobial activities against a foodbome pathogen and inhibition of human cancer cell lines. The described mathematical approach may be useful for predicting relative beneficial effects of new teas based on their catechin content. C1 [Finotti, Enrico] Ist Nazl Ric Alimenti & Nutr, Rome, Italy. [Bersani, Enrico] Univ Sapienza Roma Sede Distaccata Cistema Latina, Lab Strutture & Mat Intelligenti, I-04012 Cisterna Latina, LT, Italy. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Finotti, E (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Alimenti & Nutr, Rome, Italy. EM finotti@inran.it OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 3 BP 864 EP 869 DI 10.1021/jf101717t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 712ZR UT WOS:000286705300012 PM 21194238 ER PT J AU Cha, DH Linn, CE Teal, PEA Zhang, AJ Roelofs, WL Loeb, GM AF Cha, Dong H. Linn, Charles E., Jr. Teal, Peter E. A. Zhang, Aijun Roelofs, Wendell L. Loeb, Gregory M. TI Eavesdropping on Plant Volatiles by a Specialist Moth: Significance of Ratio and Concentration SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; PARALOBESIA-VITEANA; HOST LOCATION; HERBIVORY; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION; EMISSIONS; INSECT; DISCRIMINATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB We investigated the role that the ratio and concentration of ubiquitous plant volatiles play in providing host specificity for the diet specialist grape berry moth Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) in the process of locating its primary host plant Vitis sp. In the first flight tunnel experiment, using a previously identified attractive blend with seven common but essential components ("optimized blend''), we found that doubling the amount of six compounds singly [(E)- & (Z)-linalool oxides, nonanal, decanal, beta-caryophyllene, or germacrene-D], while keeping the concentration of other compounds constant, significantly reduced female attraction (average 76% full and 59% partial upwind flight reduction) to the synthetic blends. However, doubling (E)-4,8-dimethyl 1,3,7-nonatriene had no effect on female response. In the second experiment, we manipulated the volatile profile more naturally by exposing clonal grapevines to Japanese beetle feeding. In the flight tunnel, foliar damage significantly reduced female landing on grape shoots by 72% and full upwind flight by 24%. The reduction was associated with two changes: (1) more than a two-fold increase in total amount of the seven essential volatile compounds, and (2) changes in their relative ratios. Compared to the optimized blend, synthetic blends mimicking the volatile ratio emitted by damaged grapevines resulted in an average of 87% and 32% reduction in full and partial upwind orientation, respectively, and the level of reduction was similar at both high and low doses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the specificity of a ubiquitous volatile blend is determined, in part, by the ratio of key volatile compounds for this diet specialist. However, P. viteana was also able to accommodate significant variation in the ratio of some compounds as well as the concentration of the overall mixture. Such plasticity may be critical for phytophagous insects to successfully eavesdrop on variable host plant volatile signals. C1 [Cha, Dong H.; Linn, Charles E., Jr.; Roelofs, Wendell L.; Loeb, Gregory M.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Teal, Peter E. A.] ARS, Chem Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zhang, Aijun] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cha, DH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM gme1@cornell.edu FU USDA NRI [2005-35302-16154] FX This work was partially supported by USDA NRI grant #2005-35302-16154. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding was received for this study. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 28 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e17033 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017033 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 721NN UT WOS:000287361700065 PM 21347337 ER PT J AU Suryanarayanan, S Hermanson, JC Jeanne, RL AF Suryanarayanan, Sainath Hermanson, John C. Jeanne, Robert L. TI A Mechanical Signal Biases Caste Development in a Social Wasp SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLISTES-DOMINULUS CHRIST; STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES; PAPER WASP; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; COLONY DEVELOPMENT; OCTOPAMINE LEVELS; JUVENILE-HORMONE; APIS-MELLIFERA; LARVAL GROWTH AB Understanding the proximate mechanisms of caste development in eusocial taxa can reveal how social species evolved from solitary ancestors [1]. In Polistes wasps, the current paradigm holds that differential amounts of nutrition during the larval stage cause the divergence of worker and gyne (potential queen) castes [2]. But nutrition level alone cannot explain how the first few females to be produced in a colony develop rapidly yet have small body sizes and worker phenotypes [3, 4]. Here, we provide evidence that a mechanical signal biases caste toward a worker phenotype. In Polistes fuscatus, the signal takes the form of antenna! drumming (AD), wherein a female trills her antennae synchronously on the rims of nest cells while feeding prey-liquid to larvae [5]. The frequency of AD occurrence is high early in the colony cycle, when larvae destined to become workers are being reared, and low late in the cycle, when gynes are being reared [6]. Subjecting gyne-destined brood to simulated AD-frequency vibrations caused them to emerge as adults with reduced fat stores, a worker trait [7]. This suggests that AD influences the larval developmental trajectory by inhibiting a physiological element that is necessary to trigger diapause, a gyne trait [8]. C1 [Suryanarayanan, Sainath] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jeanne, Robert L.] Univ Wisconsin, Russell Labs 546, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hermanson, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Suryanarayanan, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Community & Environm Sociol, 1450 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM suryanas@entomology.wisc.edu RI Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015; OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665; SURYANARAYANAN, SAINATH/0000-0003-4680-7224 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0709869]; Department of Zoology (University of Wisconsin); College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin FX We thank J. Baylis, J. Boughman, T. Schueller, L. Riters, S. Schneider, B. Taylor and anonymous reviewers for suggesting ways to improve the manuscript:, E. Nordheim and P. Crump for statistical guidance; L. Phelps and the University of Wisconsin's Arboretum staff provided access to colonies; T. Cira, A. Hantschel, A. Schaefer, C. Torres, and J. Varshal for key assistance with data collection. Research was supported by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (IOS-0709869) to S.S. and R.L.J., by a Department of Zoology Research Grant (University of Wisconsin) to S.S., and by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 18 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD FEB 8 PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.003 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 720DE UT WOS:000287259600026 PM 21256023 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Calvo, T Diaz-San Segundo, F Sanz-Ramos, M Sevilla, N AF Rodriguez-Calvo, Teresa Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna Sanz-Ramos, Marta Sevilla, Noemi TI A replication analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine lymphoid tissue might indicate a putative carrier stage in pigs SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RT-PCR; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SOFT PALATE; RNA; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; PERSISTENCE; CONTACT; ANIMALS; CATTLE AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMVD), one of the most contagious viruses of cloven-hoofed animals, may cause a prolonged, asymptomatic but persistent infection in ruminants, named the "carrier state". However, it remains an open question whether this carrier state occurs in pigs. Here we present quantitative analyses of the duration of FMDV RNA and infectivity in lymphoid and epithelial tissues in experimentally infected pigs with FMDV C-S8c1. The data indicated that although FMDV RNA remained in blood until day 14 post-infection (pi), viremia was cleared by day 7 pi. However, all tissues tested were positive for FMDV until day 14-17 pi. Interestingly, the specific infectivity of FMDV in these tissues was in some cases even higher than the FMDV C-S8c1. We therefore propose that a "pseudopersistent state" may occur in pigs in which virus replicates in lymphoid tissues for a prolonged period of time, thereby representing a potential source of virus. C1 [Rodriguez-Calvo, Teresa; Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna; Sevilla, Noemi] CISA INIA, Madrid 28130, Spain. [Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Sanz-Ramos, Marta] CSIC UAM, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28049, Spain. RP Sevilla, N (reprint author), CISA INIA, Ctra Algete El Casar S-N, Madrid 28130, Spain. EM sevilla@inia.es RI Rodriguez-Calvo, Teresa/A-6831-2010; Sevilla, Noemi/K-8648-2014 OI Sevilla, Noemi/0000-0003-0118-0376 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain [AGL2004-0049, AGL2007-61374]; EU, Netwok of Excellence [FOOD-CT-2006-016236]; INIA; Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia FX This research was supported by grant AGL2004-0049 and AGL2007-61374 from Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain and EU, Netwok of Excellence, EPIZONE (Contract # FOOD-CT-2006-016236). F Diaz-San Segundo was supported by a fellowship of INIA, T Rodriguez-Calvo was supported by a contract from Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid and M Sanz-Ramos was supported by an FPU fellowship from Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD FEB 7 PY 2011 VL 42 AR 22 DI 10.1186/1297-9716-42-22 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 764UT UT WOS:000290660600002 PM 21314905 ER PT J AU Wescott, J Frihart, C AF Wescott, James Frihart, Charles TI Sticking power from soya beans SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article C1 [Wescott, James] Heartland Resource Technol, Wood Adhes, Waunakee, WI USA. [Frihart, Charles] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Wescott, J (reprint author), Heartland Resource Technol, Wood Adhes, Waunakee, WI USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PS, ENGLAND SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD FEB 7 PY 2011 IS 3 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 723YH UT WOS:000287542800019 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S McMechan, AJ Hein, GL French, R AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana McMechan, Anthony J. Hein, Gary L. French, Roy TI Efficient and stable expression of GFP through Wheat streak mosaic virus-based vectors in cereal hosts using a range of cleavage sites: Formation of dense fluorescent aggregates for sensitive virus tracking SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tritimovirus; Wheat streak mosaic virus; Transient expression vector; GFP ID ERIOPHYID MITE TRANSMISSION; FOREIGN GENE-EXPRESSION; HC-PRO; SYSTEMIC EXPRESSION; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; DISEASE SYNERGISM; MOVEMENT PROTEIN; VIRAL VECTORS; SINK LEAVES; PLANT AB A series of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV)-based expression vectors were developed by engineering a cycle 3 GFP (GFP) cistron between P1 and HC-Pro cistrons with several catalytic/cleavage peptides at the C-terminus of GFP. WSMV-GFP vectors with the Foot-and-mouth disease virus 1D/2A or 2A catalytic peptides cleaved GFP from HC-Pro but expressed GFP inefficiently. WSMV-GFP vectors with homologous NIa-Pro heptapeptide cleavage sites did not release GFP from HC-Pro, but efficiently expressed GFP as dense fluorescent aggregates. However, insertion of one or two spacer amino acids on either side of NIb/CP heptapeptide cleavage site or deletion in HC-Pro cistron improved processing by NIa-Pro. WSMV-GFP vectors were remarkably stable in wheat for seven serial passages and for 120 days postinoculation. Mite transmission efficiencies of WSMV-GFP vectors correlated with the amount of free GFP produced. WSMV-GFP vectors infected the same range of cereal hosts as wild-type virus, and GFP fluorescence was detected in most wheat tissues. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tatineni, Satyanarayana; French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [McMechan, Anthony J.; Hein, Gary L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tatineni, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Satyanarayana.tatineni@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 1 BP 268 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.043 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 709BT UT WOS:000286411000028 PM 21145088 ER PT J AU Ma, WJ Lager, KM Li, X Janke, BH Mosier, DA Painter, LE Ulery, ES Ma, JQ Lekcharoensuk, P Webby, RJ Richt, JA AF Ma, Wenjun Lager, Kelly M. Li, Xi Janke, Bruce H. Mosier, Derek A. Painter, Laura E. Ulery, Eva S. Ma, Jingqun Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa Webby, Richard J. Richt, Juergen A. TI Pathogenicity of swine influenza viruses possessing an avian or swine-origin PB2 polymerase gene evaluated in mouse and pig models SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Swine influenza virus; PB2; Pathogenicity ID A VIRUSES; INCREASED VIRULENCE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; UNITED-STATES; AMINO-ACID; HOST-RANGE; HUMANS; MICE; TRANSMISSION; REASSORTMENT AB PB2 627K is a determinant of influenza host range and contributes to the pathogenicity of human-, avian-, and mouse-adapted influenza viruses in the mouse model. Here we used mouse and pig models to analyze the contribution of a swine-origin and avian-origin PB2 carrying either 627K or 627E in the background of the classical swine H1N1 (A/Swine/Iowa/15/30; 1930) virus. The results showed PB2 627K is crucial for virulence in the mouse model, independent of whether PB2 is derived from an avian or swine influenza virus (Sly). In the pig model, PB2 627E decreases pathogenicity of the classical 1930 SIV when it contains the swine-origin PB2, but not when it possesses the avian-origin PB2. Our study suggests the pathogenicity of SIVs with different PB2 genes and mutation of codon 627 in mice does not correlate with the pathogenicity of the same SIVs in the natural host, the pig. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Wenjun; Li, Xi; Mosier, Derek A.; Ma, Jingqun; Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ma, Wenjun; Lager, Kelly M.; Richt, Juergen A.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Ma, Wenjun; Janke, Bruce H.; Painter, Laura E.; Ulery, Eva S.; Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. [Webby, Richard J.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, K224B Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jricht@vet.k-state.edu FU National Institute Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700005C]; Kansas Bioscience Authority FX We thank Cherise Guess for her editorial assistance and Adolfo Garcia-Sastre for critical discussions of the article; Deb Clouser, Audree Gottlob, Darlene Sheffer, Tom Wegman, and Jacob Elder from Kansas State University for assisting the pig studies and Kevin Hassall, Hannah Polashek, Trudy Tatum, and David Panthen from NADC for assisting the mouse studies and providing technical support. We also thank the DNA sequence unit and histopathology core unit at NADC and the histopathology section at the Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology at Kansas State University for their assistance. This project was partially funded by the National Institute Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract number HHSN266200700005C and Kansas Bioscience Authority. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.027 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 709BT UT WOS:000286411000001 PM 21074235 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, V Pacheco, JM LaRocco, M Burrage, T Jackson, W Rodriguez, LL Borca, MV Baxt, B AF O'Donnell, Vivian Pacheco, Juan M. LaRocco, Michael Burrage, Tom Jackson, William Rodriguez, Luis L. Borca, Manuel V. Baxt, Barry TI Foot-and-mouth disease virus utilizes an autophagic pathway during viral replication SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FMDV; Picornavirus; Virus-cell interaction; Autophagy; LC3 ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY; POLIOVIRUS INFECTION; IN-VITRO; CELLS; PROTEINS; COMPLEX; PERSISTENCE; SUBVERSION; VESICLES AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the type species of the Aphthovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family. Infection of cells with positive-strand RNA viruses results in a rearrangement of intracellular membranes into viral replication complexes. The origin of these membranes remains unknown; however induction of the cellular process of autophagy is beneficial for the replication of poliovirus, suggesting that it might be advantageous for other picornaviruses. By using confocal microscopy we showed in FMDV-infected cells co-localization of non-structural viral proteins 2B, 2C and 3A with LC3 (an autophagosome marker) and viral structural protein VP1 with Atg5 (autophagy-related protein), and LC3 with LAMP-1. Importantly, treatment of FMDV-infected cell with autophagy inducer rapamycin, increased viral yield, and inhibition of autophagosomal pathway by 3-methyladenine or small-interfering RNAs, decreased viral replication. Altogether, these studies strongly suggest that autophagy may play an important role during the replication of FMDV. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [O'Donnell, Vivian; Pacheco, Juan M.; LaRocco, Michael; Burrage, Tom; Rodriguez, Luis L.; Borca, Manuel V.; Baxt, Barry] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [O'Donnell, Vivian] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Burrage, Tom] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Dept Homeland Secur, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Jackson, William] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP O'Donnell, V (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM vivian.odonnell@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [1940-32000-052-00D]; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA [58-1940-2-245] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, through Current Research Information System Project (CRIS) no. 1940-32000-052-00D and a Specific Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1940-2-245, with the Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. We thank Ms. Melanie V. Prarat for editing the manuscript. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 1 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.042 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 709BT UT WOS:000286411000015 PM 21112602 ER PT J AU Clemons, CM Sabo, RC Kaland, ML Hirth, KC AF Clemons, Craig M. Sabo, Ronald C. Kaland, Michael L. Hirth, Kolby C. TI Effects of Silane on the Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites with Polyethylene-Polypropylene Blends as Matrices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polypropylene; polyethylene; reactive extrusion; cross-linking; composites ID CROSS-LINKING; POLYOLEFIN WASTE; FLOUR COMPOSITES; FIBER AB The influence of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and benzoyl peroxide on gel content, crystallinity, and mechanical performance of unfilled PP-PE blends, and their composites with wood was investigated. All materials were compounded in a twin screw extruder and then injection molded. Specimens were then exposed to high-humidity and elevated temperature in a humidity chamber to cross-link any unhydrolyzed silane. Adding wood to the PE-PP blends, increased premature cross-linking but also increased gel contents. However, the gel contents of the composites were still low. The PP component did not appear to cross-link well and our gels were almost entirely HDPE. Fourier Transfer Infrared (FTIR) spectra provided additional evidence that TMSPM is grafted and cross-linked in unfilled PE-PP blends. Unfortunately, the spectra of wood composites proved difficult to interpret because of the complexity and overlap of the FTIR spectra of the wood. The HDPE component annealed when exposed to high-humidity and elevated temperature, although less so in samples with high-gel contents, presumably because of the decreased mobility. Annealing influenced mechanical performance, especially increasing moduli. Adding peroxide and silane appeared to improve adhesion between the wood flour and matrix in the composites but had little effect on energy absorbed during high-speed puncture tests. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 1398-1409, 2011 C1 [Clemons, Craig M.; Sabo, Ronald C.] US Forest Serv, Engn Composites Sci Grp, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kaland, Michael L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hirth, Kolby C.] US Forest Serv, Analyt Chem & Microscopy Lab Grp, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Clemons, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Engn Composites Sci Grp, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclemons@fs.fed.us FU Department of Agriculture, through Louisiana State University Agricultural Center [68-3A75-6-508] FX Contract grant sponsor: Department of Agriculture, through Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; contract grant number: 68-3A75-6-508. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2011 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1398 EP 1409 DI 10.1002/app.32566 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 680CM UT WOS:000284210000018 ER PT J AU Bouwma, AM Shoemaker, D AF Bouwma, Andrew M. Shoemaker, DeWayne TI Wolbachia wSinvictaA infections in natural populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta: Testing for phenotypic effects SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic incompatibility; fitness; social insects; Solenopsis invicta; Wolbachia ID CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; HAPLODIPLOID INSECTS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; INCIPIENT COLONIES; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; LEAFCUTTER ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; DROSOPHILA AB Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria that commonly infect many arthropods and some nematodes. In arthropods, these maternally transmitted bacteria often induce a variety of phenotypic effects to enhance their own spread within host populations. Wolbachia phenotypic effects generally either provide benefits to infected host females (cytoplasmic incompatibility, positive fitness effects) or bias host sex ratio in favor of females (male-killing, parthenogenesis, feminization), all of which increase the relative production of infected females in host populations. Wolbachia surveys have found infections to be exceedingly common in ants, but little is known at this juncture as to what phenotypic effects, if any, they induce in this group. Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals from native populations of the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta commonly harbor one or more of three Wolbachia variants. One of the variants, wSinvictaA, typically occurs at low prevalence in S. invicta populations, appears to have been transmitted horizontally into S. invicta three or more times, and has been lost repeatedly from host lineages over time. In order to determine the phenotypic effects and likely population dynamics of wSinvictaA infections in these ants, brood production patterns of newly mated fire ant queens were studied during simulated claustral founding and measured wSinvictaA transmission fidelity within mature single-queen families. No clear evidence was found for Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility, significant fitness effects, or male-killing. Maternal transmission was perfect to both virgin queens and males. Possible mechanisms for how this variant could be maintained in host populations are discussed. C1 [Bouwma, Andrew M.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bouwma, Andrew M.; Shoemaker, DeWayne] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Bouwma, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Bldg 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM andrew.bg@uky.edu; dewayne.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRICGP FX We thank Luis Calcaterra and Juan Briano, of the USDA-ARS South American Biological Control Laboratory in Hurlingham, Argentina for logistical support. We thank Aida Tricio, Horacio Walantus, Cecilia Fernandez Diaz and the Universidad Nacional de Misiones for permission to work in their laboratory, their kindness and hospitality, and for providing constant logistical support. Statistical advice was kindly provided by Meghan Brennan. Earlier versions of the manuscript were improved by suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by a grant from USDA-NRICGP to D.D.S. The experiments performed comply with the current laws of Argentina. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD FEB 4 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 11 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 717IK UT WOS:000287036700001 PM 21526927 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Peatman, E Liu, ZJ AF Xu, De-Hai Klesius, Phillip H. Peatman, Eric Liu, Zhanjiang TI Susceptibility of channel catfish, blue catfish and channel x blue catfish hybrid to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Blue catfish; CB hybrid; Susceptibility; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Mortality ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; CHALLENGE MODEL; IMMUNIZATION; GROWTH; EPIZOOTICS; PROTECTION; FOUQUET; TRAITS; FISH AB Information on the infectivity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), a severe fish parasite that causes high mortality, is limited for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and catfish hybrids (CB hybrid) resulting from female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) x male blue catfish crosses. The objective of this study was to compare channel catfish, blue catfish and CB hybrids on the infection level and fish mortality caused by Ich using a cohabitation model. To compare the susceptibility to Ich between channel and blue catfish, fish were exposed to 5000 or 10000 theronts per fish, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the infection levels and mortalities between channel catfish and blue catfish. Channel catfish showed an infection score of 2.9 and blue catfish of 2.7 when infected by theronts at 10,000 theronts per fish. The cumulative mortalities were 86.3% and 80.6%, respectively for channel catfish and blue catfish when exposed to theronts at 5000 theronts per fish. To compare the susceptibility to Ich between channel catfish and CB hybrid, fish were infected by cohabiting with 1 or 3 Ich-infected fish or exposure to Ich theronts at 2500-10,000 theronts per fish. Channel catfish and CB hybrid showed similar infection levels of >150 trophonts/fish and infection duration of 7-8 days when cohabited with 1 or 3 Ich-infected fish. All channel catfish and CB hybrid exposed to theronts at the dose of 10,000 theronts/fish showed heavy infection of >150 trophonts/fish. The cumulative mortalities were 90% and 80% for channel catfish and CB hybrid after exposure to 2500 theronts per fish. No statistical difference was found in the infection levels and mortalities using two infection methods between channel catfish and CB hybrid. Overall results indicated that CB hybrid were as susceptible to Ich as channel catfish or blue catfish. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Peatman, Eric; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Peatman, Eric; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX The authors thank Dr.Victor S. Panangala, USDA, ARS, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory and Dr.Mauricio L. Martins, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil for a critical review of the manuscript. We thank Jana Mladek for her technical support in the laboratory and the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care of fish and experimental facilities. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 311 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.012 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 722LB UT WOS:000287432600003 ER PT J AU Pan, F Zhu, JT Ye, M Pachepsky, YA Wu, YS AF Pan, Feng Zhu, Jianting Ye, Ming Pachepsky, Yakov A. Wu, Yu-Shu TI Sensitivity analysis of unsaturated flow and contaminant transport with correlated parameters SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sensitivity analysis; Uncertainty analysis; Unsaturated flow; Contaminant transport; Parameter correlation ID SAMPLING-BASED METHODS; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; GLOBAL SENSITIVITY; FRACTURED ROCK; MODEL OUTPUT; RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; WASTE-DISPOSAL; UNCERTAINTY; ZONE AB This study conducts sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for predicting unsaturated flow and contaminant transport in a layered heterogeneous system. The objectives of this work are to: (1) examine the effects of parameter correlations on the sensitivity of unsaturated flow and contaminant transport and (2) assess the relative contributions of parameter uncertainties to the uncertainties of flow and transport at each hydrogeologic layer. Using the unsaturated zone (UZ) of Yucca Mountain (YM) in Nevada, USA, as an example, the study considers cases of independent and correlated parameters. A sampling-based regression method is used, when the model input parameters are independent, and a decomposition method is used for the correlated case. When the parameters are independent, the uncertainty in permeability has the largest contribution to the uncertainties in simulated percolation flux and mass of the reactive tracer arriving at the water table. For the percolation flux, the second largest contribution is from the van Genuchten alpha; the sorption coefficient of the reactive tracer is the second most important parameter for the tracer mass arrival uncertainty. The sensitivity to the sorption coefficient is larger in the layers of devitrified and zeolitic tuffs than in the layers of vitric tuff. Contributions of the uncertainties in van Genuchten n and porosity to the percolation flux and tracer transport uncertainties are larger in the case of correlated parameters compared with the case of independent parameters due to the correlations of n and porosity with the van Genuchten alpha and permeability, respectively. These results illustrate the significant effects of parameter correlations on the sensitivity and uncertainty of unsaturated flow and transport. The findings are of significance in facilitating future characterizations to reduce the parameter uncertainties and associated predictive uncertainties of flow and contaminant transport in unsaturated fractured porous media. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Feng; Pachepsky, Yakov A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhu, Jianting] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Ye, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Pan, Feng] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, Yu-Shu] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Petr Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pan, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC EAST Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM feng.pan@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011; Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU US Department of Energy (DOE); Maki Fellowship; Applied Research Initiative [06HQGR0098]; ORAU/ORNL High Performance Computing (HPC) Grant Program FX The first author was supported by the Maki Fellowship while he was at the Desert Research Institute, Nevada, USA. This study was also supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under the co-operative agreement between DOE and the Nevada System of Higher Education, and the Applied Research Initiative of Nevada Grant # 06HQGR0098. The third author was supported in part by the ORAU/ORNL High Performance Computing (HPC) Grant Program. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 397 IS 3-4 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.045 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 718IU UT WOS:000287115300008 ER PT J AU Yennamalli, RM Rader, AJ Wolt, JD Sen, TZ AF Yennamalli, Ragothaman M. Rader, Andrew J. Wolt, Jeffrey D. Sen, Taner Z. TI Thermostability in endoglucanases is fold-specific SO BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; THERMOPHILIC PROTEINS; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ION-PAIRS; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE; CELLULOSE; STABILIZATION AB Background: Endoglucanases are usually considered to be synergistically involved in the initial stages of cellulose breakdown-an essential step in the bioprocessing of lignocellulosic plant materials into bioethanol. Despite their economic importance, we currently lack a basic understanding of how some endoglucanases can sustain their ability to function at elevated temperatures required for bioprocessing, while others cannot. In this study, we present a detailed comparative analysis of both thermophilic and mesophilic endoglucanases in order to gain insights into origins of thermostability. We analyzed the sequences and structures for sets of endoglucanase proteins drawn from the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) database. Results: Our results demonstrate that thermophilic endoglucanases and their mesophilic counterparts differ significantly in their amino acid compositions. Strikingly, these compositional differences are specific to protein folds and enzyme families, and lead to differences in intramolecular interactions in a fold-dependent fashion. Conclusions: Here, we provide fold-specific guidelines to control thermostability in endoglucanases that will aid in making production of biofuels from plant biomass more efficient. C1 [Yennamalli, Ragothaman M.; Sen, Taner Z.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rader, Andrew J.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Biosafety Inst Genetically Modified Agr Prod, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sen, Taner Z.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genom Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Sen, Taner Z.] Iowa State Univ, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sen, TZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM taner@iastate.edu FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-33522-04758]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their highly appreciated comments. This project is supported by the Biotechnology Risk Assessment Program Competitive Grant no. 2008-33522-04758 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and USDA-Agricultural Research Service. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6807 J9 BMC STRUCT BIOL JI BMC Struct. Biol. PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1472-6807-11-10 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 730YU UT WOS:000288074300001 PM 21291533 ER PT J AU Margam, VM Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Agunbiade, T Seufferheld, MJ Sun, WL Ba, MN Sanon, A Binso-Dabire, CL Baoua, I Ishiyaku, MF Covas, FG Srinivasan, R Armstrong, J Murdock, LL Pittendrigh, BR AF Margam, Venu M. Coates, Brad S. Hellmich, Richard L. Agunbiade, Tolulope Seufferheld, Manfredo J. Sun, Weilin Ba, Malick N. Sanon, Antoine Binso-Dabire, Clementine L. Baoua, Ibrahim Ishiyaku, Mohammad F. Covas, Fernando G. Srinivasan, Ramasamy Armstrong, Joel Murdock, Larry L. Pittendrigh, Barry R. TI Mitochondrial Genome Sequence and Expression Profiling for the Legume Pod Borer Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; MESSENGER-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PUNCTUATION MODEL; CODON USAGE; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION; DROSOPHILA; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB We report the assembly of the 14,054 bp near complete sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of the legume pod borer (LPB), Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which we subsequently used to estimate divergence and relationships within the lepidopteran lineage. The arrangement and orientation of the 13 protein-coding, 2 rRNA, and 19 tRNA genes sequenced was typical of insect mitochondrial DNA sequences described to date. The sequence contained a high A+T content of 80.1% and a bias for the use of codons with A or T nucleotides in the 3rd position. Transcript mapping with midgut and salivary gland ESTs for mitochondrial genome annotation showed that translation from protein-coding genes initiates and terminates at standard mitochondrial codons, except for the coxI gene, which may start from an arginine CGA codon. The genomic copy of coxII terminates at a T nucleotide, and a proposed polyadenylation mechanism for completion of the TAA stop codon was confirmed by comparisons to EST data. EST contig data further showed that mature M. vitrata mitochondrial transcripts are monocistronic, except for bicistronic transcripts for overlapping genes nd4/nd4L and nd6/cytb, and a tricistronic transcript for atp8/atp6/coxIII. This processing of polycistronic mitochondrial transcripts adheres to the tRNA punctuated cleavage mechanism, whereby mature transcripts are cleaved only at intervening tRNA gene sequences. In contrast, the tricistronic atp8/atp6/coxIII in Drosophila is present as separate atp8/atp6 and coxIII transcripts despite the lack of an intervening tRNA. Our results indicate that mitochondrial processing mechanisms vary between arthropod species, and that it is crucial to use transcriptional information to obtain full annotation of mitochondrial genomes. C1 [Margam, Venu M.; Murdock, Larry L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Coates, Brad S.; Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Agunbiade, Tolulope; Sun, Weilin; Pittendrigh, Barry R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Seufferheld, Manfredo J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Ba, Malick N.; Sanon, Antoine; Binso-Dabire, Clementine L.] Inst Environm & Rech Agricoles INERA, Stn Kamboinse, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Baoua, Ibrahim] Inst Natl Rech Agron Niger, Maradi, Niger. [Ishiyaku, Mohammad F.] Ahmadu Bello Univ, Inst Agr Res, Dept Plant Sci, Zaria, Nigeria. [Covas, Fernando G.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Srinivasan, Ramasamy] AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, Tainan, Taiwan. [Armstrong, Joel] Commonweatlth Sci & Ind Res Org, Black Mt, ACT, Australia. RP Margam, VM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pittendr@illinois.edu RI Armstrong, Joel/E-6873-2011; Margam, Venu/E-5876-2010; Ba, Malick/I-8557-2012 FU Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development [EDH-A-00-07-00005] FX This research has been made possible through support provided to the Dry Grains Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) by the Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Grant No. EDH-A-00-07-00005. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 2 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e16444 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016444 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 717IF UT WOS:000287036200013 PM 21311752 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Greenberg, SM Zhang, YM Liu, TX AF Zhang, Liping Greenberg, Shoil M. Zhang, Yongmei Liu, Tong-Xian TI Effectiveness of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE imidacloprid; thiamethoxam; systemic insecticide; cotton; seed treatment; Bemisia tabaci ID SOYBEAN APHID; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; EFFICACY; FIELD AB BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton. RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to similar to 2 months. CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to similar to 2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid-and thiamethoxam treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Liu, Tong-Xian] NW A&F Univ, Key Lab Appl Entomol, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Liping; Zhang, Yongmei; Liu, Tong-Xian] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Weslaco, TX USA. [Greenberg, Shoil M.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. [Zhang, Liping] Shanxi Acad Agr Sci, Cotton Res Inst, Yuncheng, Shanxi, Peoples R China. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Key Lab Appl Entomol, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM tongxianliu@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 67 IS 2 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1002/ps.2056 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 704RX UT WOS:000286071200014 PM 21077123 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Suarez, DL AF Goldberg, Sabine Suarez, Donald L. TI Influence of Soil Solution Cation Composition on Boron Adsorption by Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sodium; calcium; magnesium; kaolinite; borate ion pairs ID MONTMORILLONITE; REMOVAL AB Boron (B) adsorption on five arid-zone soil samples from California was investigated as a function of solution pH (4-10) and cation composition (Na(+), Ca(2+), or Mg(2+)). Boron adsorption was also determined on KGa-1b kaolinite as a function of solution pH in the presence of K(+) or Ca(2+). Boron adsorption increased with increasing solution pH, reached an adsorption maximum near pH 9, and decreased with further increases in pH. Boron adsorption as a function of solution pH was independent of solution cation composition from pH 4 to 8.5. At pH values greater than 8.5, increased B loss from solution was found for the magnesium systems. Chemical speciation calculations indicated supersaturation with respect to the Mg silicate minerals, chrysotile and sepiolite, at pH values greater than 7.8, suggesting that B is removed from solution by either adsorbing to or coprecipitating with these minerals. For the purposes of describing B transport under agricultural conditions (pH 4-8.5), it is advantageous that B adsorption can be described without consideration of changes in solution cation composition. C1 [Goldberg, Sabine; Suarez, Donald L.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sabine.goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 176 IS 2 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318203aec5 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 716ND UT WOS:000286977200003 ER PT J AU Cabanillas, B Grimm, CC Crespo, JF Jimenez, A Rodriguez, J Maleki, SJ AF Cabanillas, B. Grimm, C. C. Crespo, J. F. Jimenez, A. Rodriguez, J. Maleki, S. J. TI Initial Characterization Of Two Pine Nut Seed Allergens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Cabanillas, B.; Crespo, J. F.; Jimenez, A.; Rodriguez, J.] Hosp Univ 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain. [Grimm, C. C.; Maleki, S. J.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB112 EP AB112 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.449 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400431 ER PT J AU Charles, TP Hurlburt, BK Landry, SJ Maleki, SJ AF Charles, T. P. Hurlburt, B. K. Landry, S. J. Maleki, S. J. TI Cloning and High-Level Expression of Recombinant Ara h 6 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Charles, T. P.; Hurlburt, B. K.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. [Landry, S. J.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB31 EP AB31 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.132 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400116 ER PT J AU Chung, S Champagne, ET AF Chung, S. Champagne, E. T. TI Tannic Acid as a Means to Remove Peanut Allergens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Chung, S.; Champagne, E. T.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB238 EP AB238 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.948 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846401063 ER PT J AU Garvey, C Nesbit, JB Hurlburt, BK Maleki, SJ AF Garvey, C. Nesbit, J. B. Hurlburt, B. K. Maleki, S. J. TI High Level Expression of the Acidic and Basic Subunits of Recombinant Ara h 3 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Garvey, C.; Nesbit, J. B.; Hurlburt, B. K.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB31 EP AB31 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.133 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400117 ER PT J AU Mattison, CP Grimm, CC Wei, H Maleki, SJ AF Mattison, C. P. Grimm, C. C. Wei, H. Maleki, S. J. TI Molecular Characterization of Ara h 1 Before and After Thermal Processing SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Mattison, C. P.; Grimm, C. C.; Maleki, S. J.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. [Wei, H.] Waters Corp, Beverly, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB113 EP AB113 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.454 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400436 ER PT J AU Shams, M Kado, R Maleki, SJ Mattison, C El-Dahr, J AF Shams, M. Kado, R. Maleki, S. J. Mattison, C. El-Dahr, J. TI Allergenicity of Topical Flucinolone Acetonide 0.01% in Peanut Oil in a Patient Previously Sensitized to Peanuts SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Shams, M.; Kado, R.; El-Dahr, J.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Maleki, S. J.; Mattison, C.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB194 EP AB194 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.770 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400752 ER PT J AU Zakzuk, J Solano-Aguilar, G Sanchez, J Acevedo, N Bornacelly, A Ets, H Caraballo, L AF Zakzuk, J. Solano-Aguilar, G. Sanchez, J. Acevedo, N. Bornacelly, A. Ets, H. Caraballo, L. TI Altered Composition Of Gut Microflora In Wheezing Infants From Cartagena, A Tropical City Of Colombia SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Zakzuk, J.; Sanchez, J.; Acevedo, N.; Bornacelly, A.; Caraballo, L.] Univ Cartagena, Immunol Res Inst, Cartagena, Colombia. [Solano-Aguilar, G.; Ets, H.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB224 EP AB224 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.891 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846401006 ER PT J AU Jung, JK Lee, SU Kozukue, N Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Jung, Joong-Keun Lee, Seung-Un Kozukue, Nobuyuki Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Distribution of phenolic compounds and antioxidative activities in parts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.) plants and in home processed roots SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Sweet potatoes; Roots; Leaves; Stems; Phenolic compounds; Processing effects; Antioxidative effects; Biodiversity and horticulture; Food analysis; Food composition ID RADICAL-SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; HUMAN CANCER-CELLS; CHLOROGENIC ACID; CAFFEIC ACID; POLYPHENOLIC COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; LEAVES; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES AB We measured six phenolic compounds by HPLC, the total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu, and antioxidative activities by three methods in the sweet potato plant and in home processed roots. Total phenolic content was highest in the leaves. Eight root varieties were partitioned and analyzed for phenolics. The stem end of the root had significantly more phenolics. In all samples the predominant chlorogenic acids were 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and 3,5-diCQA. 3,4-diCQA was present in significant amounts in the leaves and the flower, and 4,5-diCQA in the leaves. Six home-processing/cooking techniques reduced phenolic content from 7% (baking) to similar to 40% (deep frying/boiling). High correlations were observed between phenolic compounds determined by HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu, radical scavenging activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxidative activity by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The results show that there is a large variation in phenolics among sweet potato varieties and different parts of the plant and that high-phenolic sweet potato leaves, widely consumed in Asian countries as a vegetable, should be considered for diets of other countries. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Levin, Carol E.; Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jung, Joong-Keun] Kyungdong Coll Technoinformat, Dept Food & Beverage, Geongsan City 712904, Gyongbuk, South Korea. [Lee, Seung-Un; Kozukue, Nobuyuki] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 52 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.025 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 793TY UT WOS:000292848000005 ER PT J AU Lv, J Wilson, LT Beuzelin, JM White, WH Reagan, TE Way, MO AF Lv, J. Wilson, L. T. Beuzelin, J. M. White, W. H. Reagan, T. E. Way, M. O. TI Impact of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as an augmentative biocontrol agent for the sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on rice SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Diatraea saccharalis; Cotesia flavipes; Augmentative biocontrol; Cohort-based age-structured model; Economic analyses ID DIATRAEA-SACCHARALIS LEPIDOPTERA; LOUISIANA SUGARCANE; PYRALIDAE; HOST; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; PREFERENCE; PREDATION; TEXAS; PARASITES AB A 2-year field cage experiment was conducted in Beaumont, Texas to estimate parasitism of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) on rice. A lab experiment showed that the number of hosts parasitized per female per day reached a maximum (0.961) at 28 degrees C. Parasitized larvae recovered from the field experiment produced an average of 27.9 +/- 19.1 ((x) over bar +/- s.d.) parasitoids, with a 2.57:1 (female/male) sex ratio. A cohort-based age-structured model was developed to simulate the population dynamics and economic impact of sugarcane borer and C. flavipes in rice, as affected by overwintering larval density, timing and rate of parasitoid aerial release, and year-to-year climate (temperature and rainfall). The results suggest the cumulative seasonal damaging larval density (3rd or later instars) is negatively correlated with winter temperature, while maximum parasitoid density and maximum proportion parasitized are positively correlated with the cumulative seasonal damaging larval density. C. flavipes was most effective when released 40 or 50 days after rice planting, with simulated yield loss reduced by up to 50.9% when the release rate was 10 females and 4 males m (2). The maximum simulated economic benefit ($59.48 ha (1)) is ca. 6.7% of that provided by insecticide-based control, which occurred when the release rate was 1 female and 0.4 males m (2). The inability of C. flavipes to provide economic control in temperate-subtropical areas is due to its high rearing cost, a low effective search rate, a low maximum number of hosts parasitized per female, and failure of the spring emerging parasitoids to find hosts. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lv, J.; Wilson, L. T.; Way, M. O.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Beuzelin, J. M.; Reagan, T. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [White, W. H.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Lv, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM lvjiale@aesrg.tamu.edu RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 FU Jack B. Wendt Endowed Chair FX The research presented herein was supported in part by the Jack B. Wendt Endowed Chair to Dr. Lloyd T. Wilson. The authors thank James Medley, Ginger Wood, Jeanie Reeves, and Julio Castillo at Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Beaumont, Dr. Michael T. Longnecker at the Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, and Dr. Julio S. Bernal at the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University for their technical assistance. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.10.005 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 695YD UT WOS:000285407900008 ER PT J AU De Graff, JV AF De Graff, Jerome V. TI Perspectives for Systematic Landslide Monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS FLOWS; CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENT C1 USDA Forest Serv, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. RP De Graff, JV (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.2113/gseegeosci.17.1.67 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 770MY UT WOS:000291092000006 ER PT J AU Laumann, RA Moraes, MCB Khrimian, A Borges, M AF Laumann, Rau Alberto Blassioli Moraes, Maria Carolina Khrimian, Ashot Borges, Miguel TI Field capture of Thyanta perditor with pheromone-baited traps SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE cross-attraction; methyl-(2E,4Z,6Z)-decatrienoate; neotropical stink bugs; sex pheromone ID SEX ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; SHOULDERED STINK BUG; PROCESSING TOMATOES; GEOMETRIC ISOMERS; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; HEMIPTERA; PALLIDOVIRENS AB The objective of this work was to evaluate the field attractiveness of Thyanta perditor synthetic sex pheromone-baited traps, its attractivity to other stink bug species, and the response of T. perditor to a geometric isomer of the sex pheromone. Two-liter transparent plastic bottles traps were baited with rubber septa impregnated with the treatments: 1 mg of methyl-(2E,4Z,6Z)-decatrienoate [(2E,4Z,6Z)-10:COOMe], the male sex pheromone of T. perditor; 1 mg of (2E,4Z,6Z)-10:COOMe protected from sunlight in standard PVC plumbing pipe; 1 mg of its geometric isomer [(2E,4E,6Z)-10:COOMe]; and traps with rubber septa impregnated with hexane (control). The experiment was carried out in field during the soybean reproductive stages. Traps were monitored weekly, and the captures were compared to the population density estimated by the sampling cloth and visual inspection monitoring techniques. Traps baited with the sex pheromone, protected or not, were more effective in capturing T. perditor than traps baited with the isomer or the hexane. Thyanta perditor sex pheromone showed cross-attraction to other stink bug species, such as Euschistus heros, Edessa meditabunda, Piezodorus guildinii and Nezara viridula. Pheromone-baited traps can be used in population monitoring and to identify the relative composition of stink bug guilds. C1 [Laumann, Rau Alberto; Blassioli Moraes, Maria Carolina; Borges, Miguel] Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Khrimian, Ashot] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Laumann, RA (reprint author), Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, Ave W5 Norte Final, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM laumann@cenargen.embrapa.br; mcbmorae@cenargen.embrapa.br; ashot.khrimian@ars.usda.gov; mborges@cenargen.embrapa.br RI Blassioli-Moraes, Maria carolina /C-6072-2013; Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013; Laumann, Raul/C-4026-2013 OI Blassioli-Moraes, Maria carolina /0000-0001-7569-9985; Laumann, Raul/0000-0003-3531-2613 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal FX To Helio M. dos Santos, for assistance in field work; to Dr. Mark Horn, International Consultant at Embrapa Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, for English revision and comments for manuscript improvement; and to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal, for financial support. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA DF PA EMBRAPA INFORMACAO TECNOLOGICA, PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA - PAB, CAIXA POSTAL 040315, 70770-901 BRASILIA DF, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X EI 1678-3921 J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 767PT UT WOS:000290869200001 ER PT J AU Yan, L AF Yan, Lin TI Effects of dietary fat on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and changes in plasma cytokine concentrations in mice SO CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yan, Lin] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-0898 J9 CLIN EXP METASTAS JI Clin. Exp. Metastasis PD FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 BP 223 EP 223 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 753RB UT WOS:000289796200203 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Sheen, S AF Huang, Lihan Sheen, Shiowshuh TI QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL TRANSLOCATION AND LATERAL CROSS-CONTAMINATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 DURING MECHANICAL TENDERIZATION OF BEEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; O157-H7; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; O157H7 AB Quantitative vertical translocation and lateral cross-contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during mechanical tenderization of beef meat were investigated using a restaurant-style meat tenderizer, which was first used to tenderize a surface-inoculated sample, and then an additional four uninoculated samples. It was observed that the vertically translocated bacteria (in log(10) cfu/g) was directly proportional to the logarithm of the tenderization depth, with an average translocation coefficient of 3.14 +/- 0.66 log(10) cfu/g per log(10) mm of depth. For lateral cross-contamination, the bacterial counts recovered from the top layers of the first four pieces of meat decreased by approximately 0.5 log(10) cfu/g after each tenderization. There was no decrease in the bacterial counts recovered from the top layers after the 4th tenderization. More tenderization studies were needed to quantitatively analyze the trend of lateral cross-contamination. However, it is evident that both vertical translocation and lateral cross-contamination can occur during mechanical tenderization of meat. C1 [Huang, Lihan] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FSIS FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Aaron Williams and Mrs. Peggy Williamson for technical assistance, and USDA FSIS for providing funding for this research, and Dr. Heejeong Latimer of USDA FSIS for useful discussions. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00273.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 718UE UT WOS:000287151000014 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Moore, MT Locke, MA Kroger, R AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Moore, Matthew T. Locke, Martin A. Kroeger, Robert TI Role of Vegetation in a Constructed Wetland on Nutrient-Pesticide Mixture Toxicity to Hyalella azteca SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERMETHRIN; MITIGATION; POLLUTION; NITROGEN; WATER; PHOSPHORUS; ADSORPTION; AMMONIA; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF AB The toxicity of a nutrient-pesticide mixture in nonvegetated and vegetated sections of a constructed wetland (882 m(2) each) was assessed using Hyalella azteca 48-h aqueous whole-effluent toxicity bioassays. Both sections were amended with a mixture of sodium nitrate, triple superphosphate, diazinon, and permethrin simulating storm-event agricultural runoff. Aqueous samples were collected at inflow, middle, and outflow points within each section 5 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days postamendment. Nutrients and pesticides were detected throughout both wetland sections with concentrations longitudinally decreasing more in vegetated than nonvegetated section within 24 h. Survival effluent dilution point estimates-NOECs, LOECs, and LC(50)s-indicated greatest differences in toxicity between nonvegetated and vegetated sections at 5 h. Associations of nutrient and pesticide concentrations with NOECs indicated that earlier toxicity (5-72 h) was from permethrin and diazinon, whereas later toxicity (7-21 days) was primarily from diazinon. Nutrient-pesticide mixture concentration-response assessment using toxic unit models indicated that H. azteca toxicity was due primarily to the pesticides diazinon and permethrin. Results show that the effects of vegetation versus no vegetation on nutrient-pesticide mixture toxicity are not evident after 5 h and a 21-day retention time is necessary to improve H. azteca survival to a parts per thousand yen90% in constructed wetlands of this size. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Moore, Matthew T.; Locke, Martin A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Kroeger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquatculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov; matt.moore@ars.usda.gov; martin.locke@ars.usda.gov; r.kroger@cfr.msstate.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 60 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9596-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 711OK UT WOS:000286601100008 PM 20814671 ER PT J AU Drummer, TD Corace, RG Sjogren, SJ AF Drummer, Thomas D. Corace, R. Gregory, III Sjogren, Stephen J. TI Sharp-Tailed Grouse Lek Attendance and Fidelity in Upper Michigan SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lek attendance; lek fidelity; sharp-tailed grouse; upper Michigan ID SAGE-GROUSE; PRAIRIE GROUSE; GREATER; PATTERNS; COLORADO AB To assess and improve existing monitoring protocols for sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, we used data from 58 radio-collared grouse (46 M, 12 F) monitored within 3 openland landscape types: a xeric, conifer-dominated site, a wetland-dominated site, and a site dominated by low-intensity agriculture. We used lek counts and radio telemetry to determine lek attendance rates, factors affecting lek attendance rates, lek fidelity, and inter-sexual variation in these parameters. Our analysis indicated lek attendance varied with respect to sex of bird, day of year, time after sunrise, and wind speed. Peak male lek attendance rates exceeded those of females by up to 40%, and peak lekking activity for both males and females occurred during the second and third weeks of April. Male lekking activity occurred earlier and was sustained longer than that of females. Lekking activity was negatively related to time of day and wind speed. We observed strong lek fidelity as radio-collared birds attended a primary lek 94% of the time, indicating a low probability of multiple counting of individual birds. We also proposed a method to adjust lek count data for the probability that birds are on a lek during lek counts. Our proposed method can be used by researchers and managers to improve estimates of the number of birds attending a lek by reducing the negative bias associated with observed counts. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Drummer, Thomas D.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Math Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Sjogren, Stephen J.] US Forest Serv, St Ignace, MI 49781 USA. RP Drummer, TD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Math Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM tdrummer@mtu.edu FU MDNRE; United States Forest Service Hiawatha National Forest; United States Fish and Wildlife Service Seney National Wildlife Refuge; Seney Natural History Association; UP Sustainable Forest and Wildlife Fund FX This work was funded by the MDNRE, the United States Forest Service Hiawatha National Forest, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Seney National Wildlife Refuge, the Seney Natural History Association, and the UP Sustainable Forest and Wildlife Fund. Those who assisted with data collection and assimilation include E. Brosnan, K. Henslee, B. Johnson, D. McCormick, D. Munson, J. Patton, J. Patton, J. Polasik, J. Reattoir, J. Reis, S. Rouser, W. Sterling, K. Traylor, and H. Whitman. We thank the Michigan Sharp-tailed Grouse Association for their enthusiasm and encouragement. We also thank the reviewers and Associate Editor whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service or the United States Forest Service. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1002/jwmg.42 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 752EA UT WOS:000289670800008 ER PT J AU Cummings, JL Byrd, RW Eddleman, WR Engeman, RM Tupper, SK AF Cummings, John L. Byrd, Robert W. Eddleman, William R. Engeman, Richard M. Tupper, Shelagh K. TI Effectiveness of AV-1011 (R) to Reduce Damage to Drill-Planted Rice From Blackbirds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; anthraquinone; AV-1011 (R); birds; bird repellent; blackbirds; rice; seedling damage; wildlife damage management ID REGISTERED PESTICIDES; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; BIRDS; ANTHRAQUINONE; REPELLENTS; METHIOCARB AB We determined efficacy of AV-1011 (R) (a 50% anthraquinone product; Arkion (R) Life Sciences, New Castle, Delaware) on drill-planted rice seed to reduce blackbird damage and determine residue levels of anthraquinone (AQ) in rice seeds and seedlings and in the mature rice crop under field enclosures at the University of Missouri-Delta Center farm near Portageville, Missouri. Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) damage was higher for untreated than AV-1011 (R) treated rice seedlings at assessment period 3, 15 days postplanting (F(1,141) = 15.81, P < 0.001), and at assessment period 4, 19 days postplanting (F(1,136) = 11.54, P = 0.001). Blackbird damage to AV-1011-treated seedling for assessment periods 3 and 4 was 8% and 7%, respectively, while blackbird damage to untreated seedlings during the same assessment periods was 52% and 44%. More blackbirds used untreated plots than AV-1011-treated plots during assessment periods 2-4 (F(1,17.8) = 20.02, P < 0.001). Overall concentrations of AQ on seeds averaged 5,993 mu g/g or 0.59% during the test period. Concentrations of AQ in mature rice seed and plant collected at harvest averaged 1.22 mu g/g and 0.10 mu g/g, respectively. AV-1011 offers promise for reducing bird depredations to newly planted rice, but additional testing should be conducted to evaluate this repellent in a large-scale field setting. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Cummings, John L.; Engeman, Richard M.; Tupper, Shelagh K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Byrd, Robert W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Eddleman, William R.] SE Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. RP Cummings, JL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.l.cummings@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1002/jwmg.65 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 752EA UT WOS:000289670800012 ER PT J AU Stueve, KM Isaacs, RE Tyrrell, LE Densmore, RV AF Stueve, Kirk M. Isaacs, Rachel E. Tyrrell, Lucy E. Densmore, Roseann V. TI Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA; equilibrium assumption; facilitation; hierarchical partitioning; landscape ecology; permafrost; Picea glauca; seed dispersal; timberline; topography ID ARCTIC ALPINE TREELINE; WHITE SPRUCE; INTERIOR ALASKA; SWEDISH SCANDES; TUNDRA ECOTONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LINE DYNAMICS; VEGETATION; MODEL; PERSPECTIVE AB Throughout interior Alaska (USA), a gradual warming trend in mean monthly temperatures occurred over the last few decades (similar to 2-4 degrees C). The accompanying increases in woody vegetation at many alpine treeline (hereafter treeline) locations provided an opportunity to examine how biotic and abiotic local site conditions interact to control tree establishment patterns during warming. We devised a landscape ecological approach to investigate these relationships at an undisturbed treeline in the Alaska Range. We identified treeline changes between 1953 (aerial photography) and 2005 (satellite imagery) in a geographic information system (GIS) and linked them with corresponding local site conditions derived from digital terrain data, ancillary climate data, and distance to 1953 trees. Logistic regressions enabled us to rank the importance of local site conditions in controlling tree establishment. We discovered a spatial transition in the importance of tree establishment controls. The biotic variable (proximity to 1953 trees) was the most important tree establishment predictor below the upper tree limit, providing evidence of response lags with the abiotic setting and suggesting that tree establishment is rarely in equilibrium with the physical environment or responding directly to warming. Elevation and winter sun exposure were important predictors of tree establishment at the upper tree limit, but proximity to trees persisted as an important tertiary predictor, indicating that tree establishment may achieve equilibrium with the physical environment. However, even here, influences from the biotic variable may obscure unequivocal correlations with the abiotic setting (including temperature). Future treeline expansion will likely be patchy and challenging to predict without considering the spatial variability of influences from biotic and abiotic local site conditions. C1 [Stueve, Kirk M.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Geosci, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Isaacs, Rachel E.] KR Biogeog Res, Shafer, MN 55075 USA. [Tyrrell, Lucy E.] Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. [Densmore, Roseann V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Stueve, KM (reprint author), USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. FU Discover Denali Fellowship Program; Murie Science and Learning Center; Denali Education Center; Texas A&M Department of Geography FX We dedicate this research to the memory of Les Viereck, who devoted much of his life to studying the vegetation of Alaska. The Discover Denali Fellowship Program, Murie Science and Learning Center, Denali Education Center, and Texas A&M Department of Geography generously provided funding, equipment use, and laboratory resources. We thank David Tomeo for supporting fieldwork logistics and Jon Paynter for distributing spatial data. We thank the National Park Service for help with the research and collecting permit and with park logistics. Carl Roland and Martin Wilmking made invaluable contributions to facilitate the selection of the study site. Aaron Moody provided exceptional suggestions during the formative stages of our landscape ecological approach. We appreciate constructive criticisms given by two anonymous referees. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 496 EP 506 DI 10.1890/09-1725.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750NC UT WOS:000289553600024 PM 21618928 ER PT J AU Evens, TJ Niedz, RP AF Evens, T. J. Niedz, R. P. TI THE ALGAL HYPERMEDIUM CONCEPT - HOW TO NAVIGATE THROUGH MULTIVARIATE ION-SPACE WITHOUT GETTING LOST SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Evens, T. J.; Niedz, R. P.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Sacramento, CA USA. EM terence.evens@ars.usda.gov; randall.niedz@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 721NJ UT WOS:000287361300039 ER PT J AU Wee, JL Lakeman, MB Millie, DF Evens, TJ Cattolico, RA AF Wee, J. L. Lakeman, M. B. Millie, D. F. Evens, T. J. Cattolico, R. A. TI A SURVEY OF PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES ACROSS AN OLIGOHALINE, SUBTROPICAL ESTUARY UTILIZING PIGMENT ANALYSES AND PSBA DNA SEQUENCES SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wee, J. L.] Loyola Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Lakeman, M. B.; Cattolico, R. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Millie, D. F.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Evens, T. J.] USDA, Hort Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM wee@loyno.edu; mbl2@u.washington.edu; david.millie@fwc.state.fl.us; terence.evens@ars.usda.gov; racat@u.washington.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 721NJ UT WOS:000287361300079 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Fulgoni, VL Nicklas, TA AF O'Neil, Carol E. Fulgoni, Victor L., III Nicklas, Theresa A. TI Candy consumption was not associated with body weight measures, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, or metabolic syndrome in US adults: NHANES 1999-2004 SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Candy; Chocolate; Sugar Candy; Nutrient Intake; Diet Quality; Health Risk Factors; Metabolic Syndrome; Healthy Eating Index; Adults; NHANES ID INTERNATIONAL-DIABETES-FEDERATION; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOCOLATE CONSUMPTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; DARK CHOCOLATE; LIPID PROFILE; ENERGY; SUGARS; FOOD AB There is limited research examining the relationship of candy consumption by adults on diet and health. The purpose of this study was to determine total, chocolate, or sugar candy consumption and their effect on energy, saturated fatty acid and added sugar intake, weight, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and diet quality in adults 19 years and older (n = 15 023) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were used to determine intake. Covariate-adjusted means +/- SE and prevalence rates were determined for candy consumption groups. Odds ratios were used to determine the likelihood of cardiovascular risk factors and MetS. A total of 21.8%, 12.9%, and 10.9% of adults consumed total, chocolate, and sugar candy, respectively. Mean daily per capita intake of total, chocolate, and sugar candy was 9.0 +/- 0.3, 5.7 +/- 0.2, and 3.3 +/- 0.2 g, respectively; intake in consumers was 38.3 +/- 1.0, 39.9 +/- 1.1, and 28.9 +/- 1.3 g, respectively. Energy (9973 +/- 92 vs 9027 +/- 50 kJ; P <.0001), saturated fatty acid (27.9 +/- 0.26 vs 26.9 +/- 0.18 g; P =.0058), and added sugar (25.7 +/- 0.42 vs 21.1 +/- 0.41 g; P <.0001) intake were higher in candy consumers than nonconsumers. Body mass index (27.7 +/- 0.15 vs 28.2 +/- 0.12 kg/m(2); P =.0092), waist circumference (92.3 +/- 0.34 vs 96.5 +/- 0.29 cm; P =.0051), and C-reactive protein (0.40 +/- 0.01 vs 0.43 +/- 0.01 mg/dL; P =.0487) levels were lower in candy consumers than nonconsumers. Candy consumers had a 14% decreased risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure (P =.0466); chocolate consumers had a 19% decreased risk of lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=.0364) and a 15% reduced risk of MetS (P=.0453). Results suggest that the current level of candy consumption was not associated with health risks. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneil1@lsu.edu FU National Confectioners Association; USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-003]; USDA [LAB 93951] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. This research project was supported by the National Confectioners Association and USDA Agricultural Research Service through specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003. Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Project LAB 93951. The authors thank Michael Zanovec for his help in preparing the manuscript. NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.007 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 747RO UT WOS:000289337300006 PM 21419316 ER PT J AU Olafson, PU Temeyer, KB Pruett, JH AF Olafson, Pia Untalan Temeyer, Kevin B. Pruett, John H. TI Multiple transcripts encode glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE G6PDH; Arthropod; Ixodid; Cattle tick ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HEME DETOXIFICATION; MESSENGER-RNA; IXODID TICKS; GENOMIC DNA; G6PD GENE; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; CELLS AB Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the production of NADPH. Here we describe the identification of four transcripts (G6PDH-A, -B, -C, and -D) that putatively encode the enzyme in the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The genomic DNA that is spliced to produce G6PDH-A and -B is 8,600-9,000 bases in length and comprises 12 exons. Comparison of the R. microplus G6PDH gene structure with those available from insects and mammals revealed that the tick gene is most like that of humans. Detection of the four transcripts was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR using template from larvae, unfed adult females and males, salivary gland tissues from 2- to 3-day-fed adult females and males, and salivary gland tissue of 4- to 5-day-fed adult females. The G6PDH-A and -C transcripts were present in all templates, and both displayed induced expression in salivary gland tissue of fed, adult females but not matched males. The G6PDH-D transcript was detected only in unfed adults and in larvae, a stage in which it was most abundant relative to the other three transcripts. The G6PDH-B transcript, while detectable in all templates, was of low copy number suggesting it is a rare transcript. Induced expression of G6PDH-A and G6PDH-C in fed females may play a role in the tolerance of oxidative stress that is induced upon feeding, and the transcript abundance in fed females may be a function of bloodmeal volume and the time adult females spend on the host relative to adult males. C1 [Olafson, Pia Untalan; Temeyer, Kevin B.; Pruett, John H.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Olafson, PU (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM pia.olafson@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 53 IS 2 BP 147 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10493-010-9392-6 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 746IJ UT WOS:000289238300004 PM 20711800 ER PT J AU Blanco, JM Long, JA Gee, G Wildt, DE Donoghue, AM AF Blanco, Juan M. Long, Julie A. Gee, George Wildt, David E. Donoghue, Ann M. TI Comparative cryopreservation of avian spermatozoa: Benefits of non-permeating osmoprotectants and ATP on turkey and crane sperm cryosurvival SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Poultry sperm; DMA; Trehalose; Sucrose; Betaine hydrochloride ID EXTRACELLULAR ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; COTURNIX-JAPONICA SPERMATOZOA; FERTILIZING ABILITY; GLYCINE BETAINE; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; RAM SPERMATOZOA; COOLING RATE; BULL SPERM; TREHALOSE; MOTILITY AB A comparative approach was used to evaluate the cryosurvival of turkey and crane sperm frozen in a dimethylacetamide (DMA) cryodiluent supplemented with osmoprotectants and ATP. A range (6-26%) of DMA concentrations was used alone or in combination with ATP (30,60 or 118 mM) or one of the following osmoprotectants: (1) sucrose (turkey, 8.0%; crane, 5.0%); (2) 5.0% sucrose and 5.0% trehalose; or (3) betaine hydrochloride (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mM). The viability of thawed sperm was assessed using the nigrosin-eosin stain and sperm motility was determined using the hanging-drop technique. For semen frozen only with DMA, post-thaw sperm motility was greatest (P < 0.05) for the 6.0%, 10.0% and 18% concentrations, regardless of species. Turkey sperm frozen with the sucrose/trehalose combination had greater (P < 0.05) post-thaw motility for all DMA treatments compared to DMA alone. The lowest concentration of the osmoprotectant betaine hydrochloride substantially improved turkey sperm viability post-thaw in all treatments compared to DMA alone (P < 0.05). The post-thaw motility of crane sperm was improved (P< 0.05) with a combination of 18.0%, 24.0% or 26.0% DMA and 30 mM ATP. Moreover, in the presence of osmoprotectants, crane sperm motility decreased as the osmoprotectant concentration increased. The lowest concentration of ATP also improved crane sperm viability post-thaw, especially for DMA concentrations 18% or greater. The combination of sucrose and trehalose improved (P < 0.05) crane sperm viability only with 6% and 10% DMA. These data affirm that there are avian-specific differences in sperm survival after cryopreservation and suggest that post-thaw survival can be enhanced by including species-based osmoprotectant/ATP combinations in a cryodiluent where DMA is the cryoprotectant. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blanco, Juan M.; Long, Julie A.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, ABBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.] Aquila Fdn, Toledo, Spain. [Blanco, Juan M.] CERI, Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Toledo, Spain. [Gee, George] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Wildt, David E.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Donoghue, Ann M.] ARS, USDA, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, ABBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM julie.long@ars.usda.gov RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU USDA [SP 33]; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha; Smithsonian Institution/British Airways partnership; Smithsonian Women's Committee; Aquila Foundation FX This study was supported by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Services Project #SP 33; The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS; The Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, the Smithsonian Institution/British Airways partnership; The Smithsonian Women's Committee; and the Aquila Foundation. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 123 IS 3-4 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.12.005 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 738GG UT WOS:000288627700015 PM 21277718 ER PT J AU Glenn, EM Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Olson, GS AF Glenn, Elizabeth M. Anthony, Robert G. Forsman, Eric D. Olson, Gail S. TI LOCAL WEATHER, REGIONAL CLIMATE, AND ANNUAL SURVIVAL OF THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Strix occidentalis caurina; weather; climate; annual survival; Spotted Owl ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; VOLE POPULATIONS; ADULT SURVIVAL; WESTERN OREGON; HABITAT; IMPACT; OCCIDENTALIS AB We used an information-theoretical approach and Cormack-Jolly-Seber models for open populations in program MARK to examine relationships between survival rates of Northern Spotted Owls and a variety of local weather variables and long-term climate variables. In four of the six populations examined, survival was positively associated with wetter than normal conditions during the growing season or high summer temperatures. At the three study areas located at the highest elevations, survival was positively associated with winter temperature but also had a negative or quadratic relation with the number of storms and winter precipitation. A meta-analysis of all six areas combined indicated that annual survival was most strongly associated with phase shifts in the Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which reflect large-scale temperature and precipitation patterns in this region. Climate accounted for a variable amount (1-41%) of the total process variation in annual survival but for more year-to-year variation (3-66%) than did spatial variation among owl territories (0-7%). Negative associations between survival and cold, wet winters and nesting seasons were similar to those found in other studies of the Spotted Owl. The relationships between survival and growing-season precipitation and regional climate patterns, however, had not been reported for this species previously. Climate-change models for the first half of the 21st century predict warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers for the Pacific Northwest. Our results indicate that these conditions could decrease Spotted Owl survival in some areas. C1 [Glenn, Elizabeth M.; Olson, Gail S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Glenn, EM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM betsy_glenn@fws.gov FU Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service; Fish and Wildlife Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior; National Science Foundation FX Our research was funded by the Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and Fish and Wildlife Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior, and a pre-doctoral fellowship to Glenn from the National Science Foundation. We are especially indebted to the many crew leaders and field biologists who collected the demographic data. Review comments from C. Periera and G. Taylor of Oregon State University helped us to improve the manuscript greatly. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 39 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 159 EP 176 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100118 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 739RT UT WOS:000288736400016 ER PT J AU Newlon, KR Saab, VA AF Newlon, Karen R. Saab, Victoria A. TI NEST-SITE SELECTION AND NEST SURVIVAL OF LEWIS'S WOODPECKER IN ASPEN RIPARIAN WOODLANDS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE aspen; Lewis's Woodpecker; Melanerpes lewis; nest survival; nest-site selection; Populus tremuloides; riparian ID INTERIOR BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SHRUBSTEPPE SPARROWS; HABITAT SELECTION; BREEDING SEASONS; MISSOURI RIVER; QUAKING ASPEN; BIRDS; PREDATION; PATTERNS; SUCCESS AB Riparian woodlands of aspen (Populus tremuloides) provide valuable breeding habitat for several cavity-nesting birds. Although anecdotal information for this habitat is available for Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis), no study has previously examined the importance of aspen woodlands to this species' breeding biology. From 2002 to 2004, we monitored 76 Lewis's Woodpecker nests in aspen riparian woodlands of south-central Idaho to describe nest-site characteristics and estimate the nests' survival. We quantified the vegetation at nest sites and randomly selected other sites to determine habitat features important in the species' selection of a nest site. We then related these features, as well as several time-specific covariates, to nest survival. Lewis's Woodpecker selected nest trees that were larger in diameter than random trees and selected nest sites with more trees, fewer woody stems, and less bare ground than random sites. However, nest-site characteristics were not important determinants of nest survival. Rather, nest-initiation date and daily maximum temperature had the strongest influence on nest survival, which was higher for early nesters and increased with increasing daily maximum temperature. Nest survival (74%) and productivity (2.3 fledglings per successful nest) were comparable to values observed for Lewis's Woodpeckers in burned pine forests, suggesting that aspen riparian woodlands also serve as valuable breeding habitat for this species in the Intermountain West. C1 [Newlon, Karen R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Newlon, Karen R.; Saab, Victoria A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Newlon, Karen R.] Univ Montana, Montana Nat Heritage Program, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Newlon, KR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM knewlon@mt.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service's Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (Shoshone Field Office); Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Idaho Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; Lava Lake Land and Livestock; L.L.C.; North American Bluebird Society FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Charles E. Harris, Nongame Wildlife Program Manager with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, whose enthusiasm, kindness, and interest were fundamental to this study. This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service's Rocky Mountain Research Station, the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (Shoshone Field Office), the Idaho Department of Fish and Game's State Wildlife Grant Program, the Idaho Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Lava Lake Land and Livestock, L.L.C., and the North American Bluebird Society. J. Apel, J. Russell, A. Sands, M. Stevens, and T. O'Sullivan provided logistical support. J. Rotella provided advice that greatly improved the manuscript. R. Russell provided statistical guidance. We especially thank Terra Scheer, Michelle Robinson, and Graham Hamby for enduring long, hot days in the field. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100056 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 739RT UT WOS:000288736400018 ER PT J AU Ligaba, A Katsuhara, M Shibasaka, M Djira, G AF Ligaba, Ayalew Katsuhara, Maki Shibasaka, Mineo Djira, Gemechis TI Abiotic stresses modulate expression of major intrinsic proteins in barley (Hordeum vulgare) SO COMPTES RENDUS BIOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE Abiotic stresses; Differential expression; Hordeum vulgare; MIPs; Transpiration; Xenopus laevis ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE AQUAPORINS; TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; WATER CHANNELS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; VACUOLAR MEMBRANE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SALT-STRESS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB In one of the most important crops, barley (Hordeum vulgare L), gene expression and physiological roles of most major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) remained to be elucidated. Here we studied expression of five tonoplast intrinsic protein isoforms (HvTIP1;2, HvTIP2:1, HvTIP2;2,HvTIP2;3 and HvTIP4:1), a NOD26-like intrinsic protein (HvNIP2;1) and a plasma membrane intrinsic protein (HvPIP2;1) by using the quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Five-day-old seedlings were exposed to abiotic stresses (salt, heavy metals and nutrient deficiency), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) for 24 h. Treatment with 100 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM ABA and 1 mM GA differentially regulated gene expression in roots and shoots. Nitrogen and prolonged P-deficiency downregulated expression of most MIP genes in roots. Intriguingly, gene expression was restored to the values in the control three days after nutrient supply was resumed. Heavy metals (0.2 mM each of Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr) downregulated the transcript levels by 60-80% in roots, whereas 0.2 mM Hg upregulated expressions of most genes in roots. This was accompanied by a 45% decrease in the rate of transpiration. In order to study the physiological role of the MIPs, cDNA of three genes (HvTIP2:1, HvTIP2:3 and HvNIP2;1) have been cloned and heterologous expression was performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Osmotic water permeability was determined by a swelling assay. However, no water uptake activity was observed for the three proteins. Hence, the possible physiological role of the proteins is discussed. (C) 2010 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Ligaba, Ayalew] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Katsuhara, Maki; Shibasaka, Mineo] Japan Okayama Univ, Inst Plant Sci & Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. [Djira, Gemechis] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Ligaba, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ayalewligaba@hotmail.com; kmaki@rib.okayama-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activity for Innovative Bioscience (PROBRAIN) FX This research was primarily supported by a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (to A. L); and partly by the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activity for Innovative Bioscience (PROBRAIN, to M.K.). We thank Ms. Shizuka Sasano for technical assistance. NR 79 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0691 J9 CR BIOL JI C. R. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 334 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.crvi.2010.11.005 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 732AJ UT WOS:000288152400005 PM 21333943 ER PT J AU Wu, SH Zhou, SL Li, XG Jackson, T Zhu, Q AF Wu, Shaohua Zhou, Shenglu Li, Xingong Jackson, Trish Zhu, Qing TI An approach to partition the anthropogenic and natural components of heavy metal accumulations in roadside agricultural soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Heavy metal; Traffic; Anthropogenic; Soil contamination; Yixing; China ID MAJOR RURAL HIGHWAY; HONG-KONG; DUST; AREA; LEAD; CONTAMINATION; DISPERSION; POLLUTION; PATTERNS; CADMIUM AB This paper describes a new approach that allows us to partition the anthropogenic and natural contributions to heavy metal accumulations in roadside agricultural soils. This approach, combining trend analysis and multivariate statistical analysis, partitions total heavy metals into three components: anthropogenic, natural, and unexplained residual. The approach was applied in a case study in Yixing City, China, to determine the spatial distributions of heavy metal accumulations. The results show that anthropogenic components of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd account for 52.4%, 23.04%, 5.09%, and 10.9% of total content, respectively. Spatial distributions of anthropogenic components are characterized by decreasing accumulation with increasing distance from the road. Ranges of influence of traffic for Pb, Cu, and Cd are beyond 300 m, whereas the range of Zn is less than 200 m. The spatial distributions of the four elements' natural components show relatively similar distribution patterns. Assessments of variable partition methods show that the predicted values of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd are consistent with their measured values. The anthropogenic components extracted from total contents of heavy metal will be useful for modeling heavy metal accumulations produced by human activities. C1 [Wu, Shaohua; Zhou, Shenglu] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wu, Shaohua; Li, Xingong; Jackson, Trish] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Zhu, Qing] ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhou, SL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM shaohuawu@126.com; zhousl@nju.edu.cn; lixi@ku.edu; trish@ku.edu; qxz121@psu.edu RI Wu, Shaohua/B-8259-2009 FU National Foundation Research Programs of China [2002CB410810] FX This work was supported by the National Foundation Research Programs of China (award no. 2002CB410810). We are grateful to G. L. Wang, F. Q. Liao, H. F., Zhang, and Z. L. Liu for help in fieldwork and soil analysis. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 871 EP 881 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1430-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 729VY UT WOS:000287982000064 PM 20306140 ER PT J AU Li, PQ Feng, BZ Wang, HM Tooley, PW Zhang, XG AF Li, Peiqian Feng, Baozhen Wang, Hemei Tooley, Paul W. Zhang, Xiuguo TI Isolation of nine Phytophthora capsici pectin methylesterase genes which are differentially expressed in various plant species SO JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora capsici; Inoculation; Pectin methylesterases; Gene family ID WALL-DEGRADING ENZYMES; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; PECTATE LYASE; GLYCOSYLATION; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE; ESTERASE; STRAINS; BLIGHT; FUNGI AB Phytophthora capsici causes damage on many plants species, and secretes various pectin methylesterases during all stages of infection. We identified nine Pme genes (Pcpme 1-9) from a genomic library of highly virulent P. capsici strain SD33 and further analyzed the expression pattern of nine genes on three hosts: pepper, tomato, and cucumber using qRT-PCR during all stages of infection. All nine genes were found to be differentially expressed in three host species in the course of P. capsici interaction. The expression levels of the respective genes increased from 1 to 7 dpi in pepper, while most genes presented a decreasing trend of expression from 1 to 5 dpi in tomato fruits. However, in both fruits peaks were reached at 7 dpi. In cucumber fruits, each gene showed minor expression levels from 1 to 3 dpi, exhibited definite peaks at 5 dpi, and then decreased from 5 to 7 dpi. Thus, evidence from our studies of Pcpme gene expression in different plants at a rang of time points suggests that the late stages of infection may represent the most critical time for P. capsici to successfully express or/and secret PMEs. C1 [Li, Peiqian; Feng, Baozhen; Wang, Hemei; Zhang, Xiuguo] Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Tooley, Paul W.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM zhxg@sdau.edu.cn FU National Basic Research and Development Program 973 of China [2009CB119000]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006AA02Z198] FX We thank Brett Tyler for useful suggestions, and Maureen Lawrence for manuscript editing. This study was supported by National Basic Research and Development Program 973 of China (2009CB119000) and 863 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006AA02Z198). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0233-111X J9 J BASIC MICROB JI J. Basic Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1002/jobm.201000317 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 734ES UT WOS:000288317400007 PM 21259289 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Walsh, DP Farnsworth, ML Winkelman, DL Miller, MW AF Walter, W. David Walsh, Daniel P. Farnsworth, Matthew L. Winkelman, Dana L. Miller, Michael W. TI Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULE DEER; SCRAPIE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; SHEEP; CONVERGENCE; PROTEIN; ENVIRONMENT; INGESTION AB Environmental factors-especially soil properties-have been suggested as potentially important in the transmission of infectious prion diseases. Because binding to montmorillonite (an aluminosilicate clay mineral) or clay-enriched soils had been shown to enhance experimental prion transmissibility, we hypothesized that prion transmission among mule deer might also be enhanced in ranges with relatively high soil clay content. In this study, we report apparent influences of soil clay content on the odds of prion infection in free-ranging deer. Analysis of data from prion-infected deer herds in northern Colorado, USA, revealed that a 1% increase in the clay-sized particle content in soils within the approximate home range of an individual deer increased its odds of infection by up to 8.9%. Our findings suggest that soil clay content and related environmental properties deserve greater attention in assessing risks of prion disease outbreaks and prospects for their control in both natural and production settings. C1 [Walsh, Daniel P.; Miller, Michael W.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Walter, W. David; Winkelman, Dana L.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Farnsworth, Matthew L.] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike.miller@state.co.us RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445 FU Colorado Division of Wildlife; US Geological Survey; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Veterinary Services (APHIS-VS); State Agricultural Experiment Station; Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service under USDA FX We thank the Colorado Division of Wildlife, US Geological Survey, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Veterinary Services (APHIS-VS) and the State Agricultural Experiment Station in partnership with the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service under the USDA for providing funding and support for this research. We thank the many hunters, volunteers and staff who helped to gather deer samples and data, and also thank R. Miller, L. Creekmore and others for access to USDA data layers, and D. Noe for consulting on Colorado soil clay geology and mineralogy. Thumbnail image by D. W. Miller. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 2 AR 200 DI 10.1038/ncomms1203 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732YP UT WOS:000288225900029 ER PT J AU Arroyo, M Perez, AM Rodriguez, LL AF Arroyo, Montserrat Perez, Andres M. Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Characterization of the temporal and spatial distribution and reproductive ratio of vesicular stomatitis outbreaks in Mexico in 2008 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-JERSEY VIRUS; REEMERGENCE; EPIDEMIC AB Objective-To characterize the temporal and spatial distribution and reproductive ratio of vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreaks reported in Mexico in 2008. Animals-Bovine herds in Mexico in which VS outbreaks were officially reported and confirmed from January 1 through December 31, 2008. Procedures-The Poisson model of the space-time scan statistic was used to identify periods and geographical locations at highest risk for VS in Mexico in 2008. The herd reproductive ratio (Rh) of the epidemic was computed by use of the doubling-time method. Results-1 significant space-time cluster of VS was detected in the state of Michoacan from September 4 through December 10, 2008. The temporal extent of the VS outbreaks and the value and pattern of decrease of the Rh were different in the endemic zone of Tabasco and Chiapas, compared with findings in the region included in the space-time cluster. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The large number of VS outbreaks reported in Mexico in 2008 was associated with the spread of the disease from the endemic zone in southern Mexico to areas sporadically affected by the disease. Results suggested that implementation of a surveillance system in the endemic zone of Mexico aimed at early detection of changes in the value of Rh and space-time clustering of the disease could help predict occurrence of future VS outbreaks originating from this endemic zone. This information will help prevent VS spread into regions of Mexico and neighboring countries that are only sporadically affected by the disease. (Am J Vet Res 2011;72:233-238) C1 [Perez, Andres M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Arroyo, Montserrat] Comis Mexico Estados Unidos Prevenc Fiebre Aftosa, Serv Nacl Sanidad Inocuidad & Calidad Agroaliment, Mexico City 05110, DF, Mexico. [Perez, Andres M.] UNR, Fac Ciencias Vet, CONICET, RA-2170 Casilda, Argentina. [Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Perez, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Dept Vet Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amperez@ucdavis.edu FU Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria; US National Center for Medical Intelligence; USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [1940-32000054-00D] FX Supported by the Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, the US National Center for Medical Intelligence, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 1940-32000054-00D. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 72 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.2460/ajvr.72.2.233 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 712ZT UT WOS:000286705500010 PM 21281198 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Kluever, BM Panasci, M Oakleaf, J Johnson, T Ballard, W Howery, L Bergman, DL AF Breck, Stewart W. Kluever, Bryan M. Panasci, Michael Oakleaf, John Johnson, Terry Ballard, Warren Howery, Larry Bergman, David L. TI Domestic calf mortality and producer detection rates in the Mexican wolf recovery area: Implications for livestock management and carnivore compensation schemes SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Compensation schemes; Livestock; Mortality; Predator; Producer detection rate; Survival ID JAGUAR PANTHERA-ONCA; NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; DEPREDATION; PREDATION; WOLVES; SHEEP; CONFLICTS; NORWAY; BRAZIL AB Conserving large carnivores throughout the world will often require that they share the landscape with livestock. Minimizing depredations and increasing tolerance by livestock producers will be critical for conservation efforts. To investigate factors influencing calf mortality and producer detection rates (i.e., number of livestock killed by predators, found by producers, and correctly classified as to cause of death), we monitored radio-tagged domestic calves at two sites in the Mexican wolf recovery area (East Eagle [EE] and Adobe Ranch [AR]). Study areas differed in grazing practices, density of predators (mountain lions, black bears, coyotes, and Mexican wolves), and amount of effort spent monitoring cattle. We radiotagged 618 calves over 3.5 years, and 312 calves over 2 years on the EE and AR, respectively. The overall proportion of radioed calves that died was higher on the EE (6.5%) than on the AR (1.9%). Predators (especially mountain lions) accounted for 85% of mortality on the EE and 0% on the AR. Calves selected by predators were on average 25 days younger than the surviving cohort. Our results indicate that year-round calving, especially in areas with high predator densities, are subject to higher losses primarily because calves are exposed to mortality agents for longer periods of time rather than having higher natural rates of mortality. We found a significant difference in producer detection rates between study sites, likely due to differences in the intensity of monitoring cattle between sites. On the EE, the producer detected 77.5% of mortalities and on the AR, the producer detected 33% of mortalities. Our results support changing husbandry practices to limit calving to a seasonal endeavor and that performance payment may be a better compensation strategy than ex post compensation schemes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Breck, Stewart W.] USDA APHIS WS Nat Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Kluever, Bryan M.; Howery, Larry] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Panasci, Michael; Ballard, Warren] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Oakleaf, John] USFWS, Mexican Wolf Project, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Johnson, Terry] Arizona GameFish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Bergman, David L.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Nat Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Stewart.W.Breck@aphis.usda.gov; bmkluever@yahoo.com; michael.panasci@ttu.edu; John_Oakleaf@fws.gov; TJohnson@azgfd.gov; Warren.Ballard@ttu.edu; larry_howery@yahoo.com; David.L.Bergman@aphis.usda.gov RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; New Mexico Game and Fish Department; USDA-APHIS-WS-Arizona Program; USDA-WS-National Wildlife Research Center; US Forest Service; California Wolf Center; TE Inc. FX Funding for this research was provided primarily by the Arizona Game and Fish Department and New Mexico Game and Fish Department, with additional funds from USDA-APHIS-WS-Arizona Program, USDA-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, US Forest Service, California Wolf Center, and T&E Inc. We thank the following for their dedication in the field: A. Bristol, M. Robin, L.G. Fornara, J. Reed, S. Smith, J. Dolphin, A. Block, J. Timmer, and numerous volunteers. Special thanks to J.B. Miller and S. Sterling from USDA-APHIS-WS for their assistance with field necropsies and support with monitoring calves throughout the study. T. Veenendaal, C. Carrillo, and P. Valentino provided essential logistical support. We thank the producers and their employees for their patience and cooperation throughout this study and their willingness to participate in this challenging endeavor. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the view of the agency. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 144 IS 2 BP 930 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.014 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728TJ UT WOS:000287897100034 ER PT J AU Ahn, HK Mulbry, W White, JW Kondrad, SL AF Ahn, H. K. Mulbry, W. White, J. W. Kondrad, S. L. TI Pile mixing increases greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methane; Nitrous oxide; Mixing; Composting; Dairy manure ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CH4 EMISSIONS; TRACE GASES; DEEP LITTER; PIG MANURE; WASTE; N2O; AMMONIA; CARBON; SCALE AB The effect of pile mixing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during dairy manure composting was determined using large flux chambers designed to completely cover replicate pilot-scale compost piles. GHG emissions from compost piles that were mixed four times during the 80 day trial were approximately 20% higher than emissions from unmixed (static) piles. For both treatments, carbon dioxide (CO(2)), methane (CH(4)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) accounted for 75-80%, 18-21%, and 2-4% of GHG emissions, respectively. Seventy percent of CO(2) emissions and 95% of CH(4) emissions from all piles occurred within first 23 days. By contrast, 80-95% of N(2)O emissions occurred after this period. Mixed and static piles released 2 and 1.6 kg GHG (CO(2)-Eq.) for each kg of degraded volatile solids (VS), respectively. Our results suggest that to minimize GHG emissions, farmers should store manure in undisturbed piles or delay the first mixing of compost piles for approximately 4 weeks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ahn, H. K.; Mulbry, W.; White, J. W.; Kondrad, S. L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Bldg 306,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM walter.mulbry@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 102 IS 3 BP 2904 EP 2909 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.142 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 715RX UT WOS:000286904500107 PM 21111610 ER PT J AU Liu, KS Han, JC AF Liu, KeShun Han, Jianchun TI Changes in mineral concentrations and phosphorus profile during dry-grind processing of corn into ethanol SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DDGS; Dry grind; Minerals; Phytate; Fuel ethanol ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; PHYTIC ACID; SOLUBLES; BIOAVAILABILITY; STREAMS; PHYTATE; MANURE AB For determining variation in mineral composition and phosphorus (P) profile among streams of dry-grind ethanol production, samples of ground corn, intermediate streams, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were obtained from three commercial plants. Most attributes (dry matter concentrations) increased significantly from corn to cooked slurry but fermentation caused most significant increase in all attributes. During centrifugation, more minerals went into thin stillage than wet grains, making minerals most concentrated in the former. Mineral increase in DOGS over corn was about 3 fold, except for Na, S, Ca, and Fe. The first three had much higher fold of increase, presumably due to exogenous addition. During fermentation, phytate P and inorganic P had 2.54 and 10.37 fold of increase over corn, respectively, while relative to total P, % phytate P decreased and % inorganic P increased significantly. These observations suggest that phytate underwent some degradation, presumably due to activity of yeast phytase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, KeShun] ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Han, Jianchun] NE Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Harbin 150030, Heilongjian, Peoples R China. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, 1691 S 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 102 IS 3 BP 3110 EP 3118 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.070 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 715RX UT WOS:000286904500137 PM 21055925 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ AF Weimer, Paul J. TI End product yields from the extraruminal fermentation of various polysaccharide, protein and nucleic acid components of biofuels feedstocks SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Consolidated bioprocessing; Fermentation; Ruminal; Volatile fatty acids ID MIXED RUMINAL MICROBES; ORGANIC-ACIDS; RUMEN; DEGRADATION; GRASSES; BACTERIA; GLYCEROL; CULTURE; INVITRO; DNA AB "Extraruminal" fermentations employing in vitro incubation of mixed ruminal bacterial consortia, are capable of converting a complex array of biomass materials to mixtures of volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane, and carbon dioxide. Most of the potential energy in the biomass feedstock is retained in the VFA products, which are potential reactants for electrochemical conversion to hydrocarbon fuels. Quantitative data on VFA yields and proportions from biomass components are necessary for determining industrial feasibility, but such measurements have not been systematically reported. VFA yields and proportions were determined for a variety of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates yielded primarily acetic and propionic acids, while proteins also yielded a more favorable product mix (longer average chain length and branched chain VFAs). Addition of certain co-substrates (e.g., glycerol) favorably improved the VFA product mix. The results have implications for hydrocarbon fuel generation from biomass materials by hybrid fermentation/chemical processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Paul.Weimer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [4655-41000-007-00D] FX I thank C.L. Odt for technical assistance and A.B. Kuhry for useful discussions. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 4655-41000-007-00D. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 102 IS 3 BP 3254 EP 3259 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.050 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 715RX UT WOS:000286904500156 PM 21144744 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Everitt, JH Murden, D AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. Murden, Dale TI Evaluating high resolution SPOT 5 satellite imagery for crop identification SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Crop identification; Maximum likelihood classification; High resolution satellite imagery; SPOT 5; Support vector machine ID PER-FIELD CLASSIFICATION; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; NEURAL-NETWORKS; TIME-SERIES; LANDSAT; DISCRIMINATION; ACCURACY; RICE; EFFICIENCY; IKONOS AB High resolution satellite imagery offers new opportunities for crop monitoring and assessment. A SPOT 5 image acquired in May 2006 with four spectral bands (green, red, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared) and 10-m pixel size covering intensively cropped areas in south Texas was evaluated for crop identification. Two images with pixel sizes of 20 m and 30 m were also generated from the original image to simulate coarser resolution satellite imagery. Two subset images covering a variety of crops with different growth stages were extracted from the satellite image and five supervised classification techniques, including minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance, maximum likelihood, spectral angle mapper (SAM), and support vector machine (SVM), were applied to the 10-m subset images and the two coarser resolution images to identify crop types. The effects of the short-wave infrared band and pixel size on classification results were also examined. Kappa analysis showed that maximum likelihood and SVM performed better than the other three classifiers, though there were no statistical differences between the two best classifiers. Accuracy assessment showed that the 10-m, four-band images based on maximum likelihood resulted in the best overall accuracy values of 91% and 87% for the two respective sites. The inclusion of the short-wave infrared band statistically significantly increased the overall accuracy from 82% to 91% for site 1 and from 75% to 87% for site 2. The increase in pixel size from 10 m to 20 m or 30 m did not significantly affect the classification accuracy for crop identification. These results indicate that SPOT 5 multispectral imagery in conjunction with maximum likelihood and SVM classification techniques can be used for identifying crop types and estimating crop areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Everitt, James H.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Murden, Dale] Rio Farms Inc, Monte Alto, TX 78538 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.12.012 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 729LY UT WOS:000287952500015 ER PT J AU Westphal, A Xing, LJ Goodwin, SB AF Westphal, Andreas Xing, Lijuan Goodwin, Stephen B. TI Mature watermelon vine decline: Suppression with fumigants of a soil-borne problem and association with Rhizopycnis vagum SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Fumigation; Meloidogyne spp.; Rhizopycnis vagum; Soil-borne disorder; Vine decline; Watermelon disease ID ROOT-ROT; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; BIOLOGICAL FACTOR; MUSKMELON; FUNGI; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; DISEASES; MELONS; PATHOGENICITY AB Mature watermelon vine decline (MWVD) is a late-season disease of unknown etiology, characterized by vine collapse and discolored, much reduced root systems. While several new disorders in watermelon have been reported recently, this problem appears specific to the Midwest. To test for a biological cause and methods to suppress this disorder, soil was collected from two southern Indiana fields with histories of MWVD for microplot and greenhouse experiments. Watermelons grew best in microplots treated with methyl bromide or methyl iodide. Roots of plants growing in the untreated MWVD soil were severely necrotic: those from the fumigation treatments appeared healthy. In heating experiments, watermelon seedlings were grown in autoclaved soil mixed with 10% MWVD soil that was either untreated or heated at 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 degrees C for 30 min. Watermelon plants in the untreated controls and the 40 and 50 degrees C treatments had reduced top dry weights with decreased fibrous roots and associated discoloration in contrast to treatments of equal to and greater than 60 degrees C. Representative cultures from necrotic roots were identified as Rhizopycnis vagum by morphological analysis and sequencing the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA. PCR analysis with specific primers confirmed that R. vagum was present in roots from untreated MWVD soil but not in symptomless roots. This is the first report of R. vagum associated with plants suffering from MWVD in Indiana and indicates that this fungus occurs much farther north in the U.S. than known previously. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Westphal, Andreas] Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuhn Inst, Inst Plant Protect Field Crops & Grassland, D-48161 Munster, Germany. [Xing, Lijuan] Syngenta Seeds Inc, Bay, AR 72411 USA. [Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit,Dept Bot & Plan, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Westphal, A (reprint author), Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuhn Inst, Inst Plant Protect Field Crops & Grassland, Toppheideweg 88, D-48161 Munster, Germany. EM andreas.westphal@jki.bund.de OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 FU Agricultural Research Programs; Purdue University; Hendrix and Dale, Aberco Inc.; Arvesta Inc.; Dow AgroSciences; USDA-ARS CRIS [3602-22000-013-00D]; Trinity FX We thank J. Campos, D.S. Egel, R.P. Ellermann, M.K. Lang, D.H. Nowaskie and the summer melon crew for their help with the field and greenhouse aspects of this project. We thank G.T. Browne, L Dunkle, and R.X. Latin for discussions during this project. Jessica Cavaletto did the ITS sequencing and PCR amplifications. Support by the Agricultural Research Programs, Purdue University, Hendrix and Dale, Aberco Inc., Arvesta Inc., Dow AgroSciences, Trinity Manufacturing and USDA-ARS CRIS project 3602-22000-013-00D is appreciated. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.11.014 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 716GT UT WOS:000286957800003 ER PT J AU Hardke, JT Leonard, BR Huang, FN Jackson, RE AF Hardke, Jarrod T. Leonard, B. Rogers Huang, Fangneng Jackson, R. E. TI Damage and survivorship of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic field corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; Zea mays; Larval-pupal survivorship; Cry1F; Cry1Ab ID SUGARCANE BORER LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA SMITH,J.E.; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BT CROPS; CRAMBIDAE; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; COTTON; HYBRIDS AB Field corn, Zea mays L, plants expressing Cry1Ab and Cry1F insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner are planted on considerable acreage across the Southern region of the United States. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is an economically important pest during the mid-to-late season on non-Bt and some commercial Bt corn hybrids. The objective of this study was to quantify foliar injury and survivorship of fall armyworm on transgenic corn lines expressing Cry1Ab or Cry1F Bt proteins. Corn lines/hybrids expressing Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and a conventional non-Bt cultivar were evaluated against artificial infestations of fall armyworm in field trials. Larvae (second instars) of fall armyworm were placed on corn plants (V8-V10 stages). Leaf injury ratings were recorded 14 d after infestation. Hybrids expressing Cry1F had significantly lower feeding injury ratings than non-Bt corn plants. Development and survivorship of fall armyworm on Bt corn lines/hybrids were also evaluated in no-choice laboratory assays by offering freshly harvested corn leaf tissue to third instars. Transgenic corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab or Cry1F significantly reduced growth, development, and survivorship of fall armyworm compared to those offered non-Bt corn tissue. However, 25-76% of third instars offered Bt corn leaf tissues successfully pupated and emerged as adults. These results suggest Cry1Ab has limited effects on fall armyworm: whereas Cry1F demonstrated significant reductions in foliar injury and lower survivorship compared to that on non-Bt corn tissues. Although fall armyworm is not considered a primary target for insect resistance management by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, these levels of survivorship could impact selection pressures across the farmscape, especially when considering that transgenic Bt cotton cultivars express similar Cry (Cry1Ac or Cry1F) proteins. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hardke, Jarrod T.; Huang, Fangneng] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Leonard, B. Rogers] Louisiana State Univ, Macon Ridge Res Stn, Ctr Agr, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. [Jackson, R. E.] ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hardke, JT (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jhardke@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Soybean and Feed Grain Promotion Board; Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences FX The authors thank student workers at the LSU Department of Entomology and the LSU AgCenter's Macon Ridge Research Station for their assistance in maintaining field trials and rearing insects. The authors also express appreciation to Trey Price and Josh Temple for providing critical reviews of this manuscript. This article is published with the approval of the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript no. 2010-258-9380. This project represents work supported by the Louisiana Soybean and Feed Grain Promotion Board, and partial funding from Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.10.005 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 716GT UT WOS:000286957800012 ER PT J AU Hanson, BD Gao, S Gerik, JS Shrestha, A Qin, R McDonald, JA AF Hanson, B. D. Gao, S. Gerik, J. S. Shrestha, A. Qin, R. McDonald, J. A. TI Effects of emission reduction surface seal treatments on pest control with shank-injected 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Emissions; Fumigation; Methyl bromide; Nematode; Thiosulfate; Water seal; Weeds; Fusarium oxysporum; Pythium spp. ID FIELD-TESTS; SOIL; FILM AB The phase-out of methyl bromide for preplant soil fumigation has resulted in an increased reliance on combinations of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in many annual and perennial cropping systems in California. However, these fumigants also can have negative environmental and human health consequences and considerable research has been conducted on methods to minimize emission of these products from the soil to the atmosphere. To ensure that pest control efficacy is not compromised by emission reduction techniques, this research was conducted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of several surface seal techniques on fumigant emissions and the efficacy of soil-borne pest control with a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin. Results indicated that the interaction between emission reduction techniques and pest control efficacy can be complicated. For example in the 2006 trial, some surviving nematodes were observed in plots with both high (manure plus high density polyethylene film) and intermediate (pre-irrigation) 1,3-D cumulative emissions which suggested that emission loses are not solely responsible for some pest control failures. Weed control tended to be better with plastic film treatments and worse with pre-fumigation soil moisture manipulations but was affected less than expected by intermittent water seals. Although pest control clearly was affected by surface seal techniques, especially in shallow soil layers, some differences in nematode and weed control could not be explained solely by surface seals. These results underline the complex interactions among soil moisture and other environmental factors, application techniques, and emission reducing surface seal treatments. As new techniques and technologies become available to reduce fumigant emissions, we recommend that research include pest control efficacy evaluations before any emerging techniques are required by regulators or implemented by growers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanson, B. D.; Gao, S.; Gerik, J. S.; Qin, R.; McDonald, J. A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Shrestha, A.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Hanson, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bhanson@ucdavis.edu RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011 FU California Department of Food and Agriculture Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board; TriCal Inc.; Dow Agrosciences FX The financial and in-kind contributions of the California Department of Food and Agriculture Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board, TriCal Inc. and Dow Agrosciences are acknowledged. The technical support of Stella Zambrzuski, Nancy Goodell, Curtis Koga, Jim Gartung, Patty Munger, Robert Shenk and other USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit staff is acknowledged and appreciated. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.10.011 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 716GT UT WOS:000286957800018 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Hodgson, Garth R. TI Spatial relationships in a dendritic network: the herpetofaunal metacommunity of the Mattole River catchment of northwest California SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS; STREAM AMPHIBIANS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PATCH DYNAMICS; HEADWATER STREAMS; HABITAT SELECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; RHYACOTRITON-VARIEGATUS; SPECIES COEXISTENCE AB We investigated the aquatic and riparian herpetofauna in a 789 km2 river catchment in northwest California to examine competing theories of biotic community structuring in catchment stream networks. Research in fluvial geomorphology has resulted in multi-scale models of dynamic processes that cyclically create, maintain, and destroy environments in stream networks of mountain catchments. These models have been applied to understanding distributions of invertebrates, algae, fishes and their habitats across entire basin networks, but similar approaches with herpetofauna are rare. We examined multi-scale spatial patterns of multiple species as they related to variation in channel types, channel settings, and within-channel attributes that result from these processes. From 83 reaches distributed randomly throughout the watershed, we distinguished four channel types: 1) high gradient with cascade structure; 2) 2-4% gradient with step-pool structure controlled by moderately steep valleys; 3) slightly entrenched, lower gradient, plane-bed structure; and 4) low gradient, shallow, unconfined, multiple or migrating pool/riffle channels in broad alluvial valleys. The composition of herpetofauna differed in five of six pair-wise comparisons among these channel types, indicating a minimum of three distinct mesoscale assemblages. We used non-parametric multiple regression (NPMR) to examine relationships at multiple spatial scales. NPMR revealed species-specific associations with channel settings and within-channel environments among species sharing the same sets of channel types. Morphological adaptations, biophysical limits and natural histories of each species best explained their associations with distinct sets of attributes surrounding and within channel types. While each set of species has similarly adapted to fluvial and geomorphic disturbance processes structuring channels at the mesoscale, species within each set have adapted to a unique set of attributes that are best discerned when their spatial relationships are examined across multiple spatial scales. We evaluated the various spatial patterns against hypotheses of stream community organization and metacommunity perspectives. C1 [Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.; Hodgson, Garth R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us FU Interagency Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT) Northwest Forest Plan initiative FX We thank the following for their contributions to this study: the many Mattole landowners who allowed us access: D. Fuller and the Arcata Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Sanctuary Forest, Redwoods Monastery, the Mattole Salmon Group, and the Mattole Restoration Council. We also thank J. Arnold, D. Ashton, J. Bamsburger, J. Bettaso, J. Bloeser, J. Dahl, D. Elswick, N. Karraker, L. Molinero, J. Neumann, L. Ollivier, and K. Schlick for their assistance with field work. Funding came from the Interagency Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT) program of the Northwest Forest Plan initiative. NR 130 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06123.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 726QN UT WOS:000287741300006 ER PT J AU Liefert, WM AF Liefert, William M. TI Decomposing Changes in Agricultural Producer Prices SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Agricultural prices; agricultural trade; emerging market economies; market integration; price transmission; price variability; trade policy; D52; Q11; Q17; Q18 AB This article develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural producer prices. The method builds on a procedure used by the World Bank, with the main variables in the decomposition being trade prices, exchange rates and trade policies. We expand on the World Bank decomposition procedure by broadening the analysis of policy effects, adding the effect from incomplete transmission of changes in trade prices and exchange rates to producer prices, and handling the effect on prices from interactions between variables as they change simultaneously. Decomposition results are presented for various commodities for the major emerging markets of Brazil, China and South Africa. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Liefert, WM (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Room 5079,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM wliefert@ers.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-857X EI 1477-9552 J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 62 IS 1 BP 119 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00273.x PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 709YP UT WOS:000286477600007 ER PT J AU Fiuza, VRS Gallo, SSM Frazao-Teixeira, E Santin, M Fayer, R Oliveira, FCR AF Fiuza, V. R. S. Gallo, S. S. M. Frazao-Teixeira, E. Santin, M. Fayer, R. Oliveira, F. C. R. TI Cryptosporidium Pig Genotype II Diagnosed in Pigs From the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POST-WEANED PIGS; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; GIARDIA; PARVUM; CATTLE; SUIS; PRE AB Pigs may represent a source of Cryptosporidium sp. infection to humans. The objective of this study was to identify the Cryptosporidium species present in pigs from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and verify what risks pigs represent in the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis, because there is no such information to date in Brazil. Ninety-one samples of pig feces were collected from 10 piggeries in 2 municipalities located in the north and northwest regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to amplify an 830-bp fragment of the small subunit rDNA (SSU rRNA) gene was followed by sequencing of all positive PCR samples. Two samples (2.2%) were Cryptosporidium sp. positive and were identified as pig genotype type II (PGII). This genotype has been observed in an immunocompetent person, in cattle without pigs nearby, and from a potential human source. Its potential for zoonotic transmission is little known and should be rigorously studied. C1 [Fiuza, V. R. S.; Gallo, S. S. M.; Frazao-Teixeira, E.; Oliveira, F. C. R.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Lab Clin & Cirurgia Anim, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agropecuarias, BR-28013023 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Santin, M.; Fayer, R.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Oliveira, FCR (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Lab Clin & Cirurgia Anim, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agropecuarias, Campos Goytacazes, BR-28013023 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM foliveira@uenf.br RI Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/A-9542-2015 OI Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/0000-0001-7505-4765 FU Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX The authors would like to thank Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), for their financial support. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 97 IS 1 BP 146 EP 147 DI 10.1645/GE-2479.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 730TE UT WOS:000288056500025 PM 21348623 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT Tomberlin, JK McGuire, MA Ross, C St-Hilaire, S AF Sealey, Wendy M. Gaylord, T. Gibson Barrows, Frederic T. Tomberlin, Jeftery K. McGuire, Mark A. Ross, Carolyn St-Hilaire, Sophie TI Sensory Analysis of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Fed Enriched Black Soldier Fly Prepupae, Hermetia illucens SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PLANT-PRODUCTS; COCONUT OIL; FISH-OIL; GROWTH; LARVAE; DIET; REPLACEMENT; SURVIVAL; QUALITY AB A growth trial and fillet sensory analysis were conducted to examine the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with black soldier fly (BSF) prepupae, Hermetia illucens, in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A practical-type trout diet was formulated to contain 45% protein; four test diets were developed by substituting 25 and 50% of the fish meal with normal (BSF) or fish offal-enriched black soldier fly (EBSF) prepupae. Dietary fat was adjusted to approximately 20% lipid using fish oil and poultry fat. Diets were fed to three replicate tanks of fish per treatment (10 fish/tank) for 8 wk. After the trial, three fish per tank were sampled for determination of hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio and muscle ratio, and muscle proximate and fatty acid composition. Fish remaining after sampling were used for sensory evaluation. Growth of fish fed the EBSF diets was not significantly different from those fish fed the fish meal-based control diet, while the growth of fish fed the BSF diets was significantly reduced as compared to the control diet. A group of 30 untrained panelists did not detect a significant difference in a blind comparison of fish fed the fish meal containing control diet as compared to fish fed the EBSF or BSF diets. C1 [Sealey, Wendy M.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Gaylord, T. Gibson; Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Trout Grains Project, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Tomberlin, Jeftery K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McGuire, Mark A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ross, Carolyn] Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [St-Hilaire, Sophie] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Program (SARE) [SW06-083] FX The authors would like to thank Jason Frost and April Teague of the USDA, ARS Trout Grains Program for their assistance in diet preparation and amino acid analyses, respectively. The authors also would like to acknowledge the contributions of Leo Ray and the staff at Idaho Fish Processors for their willingness to custom process the fish for the sensory evaluation and Craig Sheppard at the University of Georgia for contributing BSF larvae. This research was funded by Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Program (SARE grant number SW06-083). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Idaho, Idaho State University, Washington State University, Texas A&M University, or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 12 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00441.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 716YP UT WOS:000287009700004 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Hardy, RW Barrows, FT Pan, Q Stone, DAJ AF Sealey, Wendy M. Hardy, Ronald W. Barrows, Frederic T. Pan, Qing Stone, David A. J. TI Evaluation of 100% Fish Meal Substitution with Chicken Concentrate, Protein Poultry By-Product Blend, and Chicken and Egg Concentrate on Growth and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS; NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; X MORONE-SAXATILIS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FLAVOBACTERIUM-PSYCHROPHILUM; PLANT FEEDSTUFFS; FEED INGREDIENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; PRACTICAL DIETS; BASS AB The ability of poultry products to replace fish meal in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, depends on their nutrient composition, cost, and consistency. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of three commercially available poultry products (chicken concentrate, CC, poultry by-product blend, PBB; or chicken and egg concentrate, CE) to maintain growth and disease resistance when substituted for fish meal in a rainbow trout starter diet. A control diet was formulated to contain 48% crude protein and 18% crude lipid; 100% of the fish meal in test diets was replaced with CC, PBB, or CE. At stocking, fry were counted into groups (50 fish/tank) with six replicate tanks for each diet and fed their respective diets four times daily for 8 wk. All the poultry-based diets supported growth (over 1600% increase over initial weight), nutrient retention, and feed conversion ratios of rainbow trout fry equal to or greater than those observed for fry fed with the fish meal-based diet. No effect of diet on survival was observed following subcutaneous injection challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. These data suggest that the examined products can be used in place of fish meal for rainbow trout fry without lowering growth and disease resistance. C1 [Sealey, Wendy M.; Hardy, Ronald W.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Trout Grains Project, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Pan, Qing] S China Agr Univ, Dept Aquaculture, Coll Anim Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. [Stone, David A. J.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. FU International Dehydrated Foods FX The authors would like to thank Jason Frost and April Teague of the USDA, ARS Trout Grains Project for their assistance in diet preparation and amino acid analyses, respectively, and Scott LaPatra for providing the F. psychrophilum isolate. This research was funded, in part, by the International Dehydrated Foods. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Idaho or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00442.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 716YP UT WOS:000287009700005 ER PT J AU Li, MH Robinson, EH Berle, DF Lucas, PM Peterson, BC Bates, TD AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Berle, Daniel F. Lucas, Penelope M. Peterson, Brian C. Bates, Terry D. TI Clearance of Yellow Pigments Lutein and Zeathanxin in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Reared at Different Water Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAROTENOIDS; ANTIOXIDANT; FISH AB A study was conducted to determine the clearance time of yellow pigments lutein and zeaxanthin in channel catfish at various temperatures. Fish of initial weight of 13.4 g were stocked into flow-through aquaria and fed daily with a pigment-enhanced diet for 11 wk when yellow color became visible in the flesh. All fish were then transferred into tanks in three recirculating systems that were assigned one of the three temperatures (10, 20, and 30 C). During the pigment clearance period, fish were fed a control diet without added pigments daily to satiation for 12 wk. Every 4 wk, fish from three randomly chosen tanks per temperature were euthanized and fillets were analyzed for yellow color intensity (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage [CIE] b*) and lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations. The b* values of fillets of fish reared at 20 and 30 C decreased linearly as time progressed. There was no significant linear regression of b* value against time for fish raised at 10 C. The rate of pigment clearance was similar for fish reared at 20 and 30 C. Results demonstrate that about 8 wk were needed for catfish to "purge" most of yellow pigment at warns temperatures (20 and 30 C). A longer period of time (>12 wk) was required at 10 C. C1 [Li, Menghe H.; Robinson, Edwin H.; Berle, Daniel F.; Lucas, Penelope M.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Peterson, Brian C.; Bates, Terry D.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [MIS-371390] FX The authors thank Monica Wood, Candice Woodard, Jimmie Warren, and Reece Mascagni at the USDA-ARS Catfish Genetics Research Unit, and Sandra Phillips and Cliff Smith at the National Warmwater Aquaculture Center for assistance in laboratory management and feeding. This manuscript is approved for publication as Journal Article No. 11745 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. This project is supported under MAFES Project Number MIS-371390 through a grant from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00449.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 716YP UT WOS:000287009700012 ER PT J AU Zhang, QH Ma, JH Yang, QQ Byers, JA Klein, MG Zhao, FY Luo, YQ AF Zhang, Qing-He Ma, Jian-Hai Yang, Qi-Qing Byers, John A. Klein, Michael G. Zhao, Feng-Yu Luo, You-Qing TI Olfactory and visual responses of the long-legged chafer Hoplia spectabilis Medvedev (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Qinghai Province, China SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scarab; barrier trap; visual; olfactory; plant volatile; (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate; monitoring; mass trapping ID EFFECTIVE ATTRACTION RADIUS; ORIENTAL BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; MATING DISRUPTION; PHYLLOPERTHA-HORTICOLA; GARDEN CHAFER; MELOLONTHA-HIPPOCASTANI; PHENETHYL PROPIONATE; PLANT VOLATILES; FLYING INSECTS AB BACKGROUND: Monitoring traps and control methods are needed for the long-legged chafer, Hoplia spectabilis Medvedev, which has recently reached outbreak numbers in pastureland of Qinghai Province, China. RESULTS: Field trapping experiments, using cross-pane funnel (barrier) traps, showed that H. spectabilis adults were not significantly attracted to branches of the host plant Dasiphora fructicosa (L.) Rydb. However, beetles were slightly attracted to similar host plant branches infested by conspecific beetles, possibly owing to weakly attractive volatiles, primarily (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, released from beetle-damaged host leaves. This compound was weakly attractive when released from traps. However, H. spectabilis beetles showed strong visual responses to yellow-or white-painted trap panes, with weaker responses to blue, red or green panes, and least response to black panes. Black traps at 0.2-1.5 m above ground intercepted significantly more beetles than traps at 2.5 m. The mean flight height based on trap catches was 0.88 m (SD = 0.76), yielding an effective flight layer of 1.9 m. Flight response of beetles to colored barrier traps occurred between 10 : 00 and 18 : 00, and peaked between 12 : 00-14 : 00, when daily temperatures reached their maximum. CONCLUSION: Unbaited yellow or white cross-pane funnel traps are recommended for both monitoring and mass-trapping programs against this economically and ecologically important scarab beetle. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Zhang, Qing-He] Sterling Int Inc, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. [Ma, Jian-Hai; Yang, Qi-Qing; Zhao, Feng-Yu] Forest Pest Control & Quarantine Stn Qinghai Prov, Xining, Peoples R China. [Byers, John A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Klein, Michael G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH USA. [Luo, You-Qing] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Forestry, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, QH (reprint author), Sterling Int Inc, 3808 N Sullivan Rd,Bldg 16, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. EM qing-he@rescue.com FU Foreign Expert Bureau of Qinghai Province; Beijing Forestry University FX The field support from Prof. Dekang You, Dr Liwen Song and Dr Li Chen, as well as from colleagues at the Forest Pest Control Stations of Tianjun County and Haixi District, Qinghai, China, is highly appreciated. The authors thank Dr Aijun Zhang (USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD) and Dr Paul S Robbins (USDA-ARS, Ft Pierce, FL) for the gifts of H. equina and Phyllophaga sex pheromone lures. This study was supported by a special grant from the Foreign Expert Bureau of Qinghai Province, and by a project under the "Innovation Platform Program for Key Disciplines" at Beijing Forestry University. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 67 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1002/ps.2045 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 704RX UT WOS:000286071200005 PM 20981740 ER PT J AU Lopez, JD Latheef, MA Hoffmann, WC AF Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Latheef, Mohamed A. Hoffmann, Wesley C. TI Mortality and reproductive effects of ingested spinosad on adult bollworms SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spinosad; attract-and-kill; Helicoverpa zea; bollworm; corn earworm; adult control ID HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; VOLATILE-BASED ATTRACTICIDE; FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; BAIT SPRAYS; TEPHRITIDAE; FLORIDA; GF-120 AB BACKGROUND: Upon emergence from their pupal cells, bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), adults actively seek and feed on plant exudates before they disperse and reproduce on suitable host plants. This nocturnal behavior of the bollworm may be exploited as a pest management strategy for suppression of the insect by using an attractant/stimulant mixed with an insecticide to induce feeding to cause adult mortality or reproductive reduction/inhibition. This study aimed to determine in the laboratory whether or not spinosad when mixed with sucrose solution as a feeding stimulant and ingested by bollworm could influence mortality and reproduction of the insect. RESULTS: Sublethal concentrations of spinosad fed to laboratory-reared females confined with males significantly reduced percentage hatch of eggs at 0.1 mg L-1, and it was reduced to near zero at 2.5 mg L-1 when compared with females fed 2.5 M sucrose solutions only. The lethal concentration (LC99) for males captured from the field in sex-pheromone-baited traps was 73 mg L-1 for 24 h response. Proboscis extension response was not inhibited significantly even at 10 g L-1. In spite of a 137-fold increase in lethal dose concentration, spinosad did not inhibit feeding. CONCLUSION: A detailed study of laboratory-reared and field-collected bollworm adults relative tomortality and reproduction after ingestion of spinosad indicates that spinosad would be useful in an attract-and-kill strategy to control the insect when mixed with a feeding attractant/stimulant. Field validation of the data is warranted. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.; Latheef, Mohamed A.; Hoffmann, Wesley C.] USDA ARS, SPA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM clint.hoffmann@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 67 IS 2 BP 220 EP 225 DI 10.1002/ps.2055 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 704RX UT WOS:000286071200013 PM 21061278 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Li, Y Chen, J AF Liu, Q. Li, Y. Chen, J. TI First Report of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on Mesona chinensis in China. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID PRIMERS C1 [Liu, Q.; Li, Y.] S China Agr Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Dept Plant Pathol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Dept Plant Pathol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 95 IS 2 BP 222 EP 222 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-10-0603 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 708NO UT WOS:000286368700027 ER PT J AU Czarnitzki, D Toole, AA AF Czarnitzki, Dirk Toole, Andrew A. TI PATENT PROTECTION, MARKET UNCERTAINTY, AND R&D INVESTMENT SO REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS LA English DT Article ID COUNT DATA MODELS; REAL OPTIONS; IRREVERSIBILITY; DYNAMICS; BUSINESS; COSTS AB The main reason governments grant patent protection is to spur innovation. However, the size of the R&D stimulus from patent protection is far from clear because it depends on how effective patents are as a mechanism for appropriating returns. Drawing on real options investment theory, this paper highlights one mechanism through which patents may improve appropriability and stimulate R&D investment: patents reduce the effect of market uncertainty on the firm's investment decision. We find that firm-level R&D investment falls in response to higher levels of uncertainty, but that patent protection partially mitigates the influence of uncertainty. C1 [Czarnitzki, Dirk] Univ Copenhagen, KU Leuven, Ctr R&D Monitoring KU Leuven, Ctr European Econ Res,Ctr Ind Econ, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Toole, Andrew A.] Econ Res Serv, Resource Environm & Sci Policy Branch, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Czarnitzki, D (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, KU Leuven, Ctr R&D Monitoring KU Leuven, Ctr European Econ Res,Ctr Ind Econ, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 26 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0034-6535 J9 REV ECON STAT JI Rev. Econ. Stat. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 93 IS 1 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1162/REST_a_00069 PG 13 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 709QD UT WOS:000286455100010 ER PT J AU White, CC Tan, KT O'Brien, EP Hunston, DL Chin, JW Williams, RS AF White, C. C. Tan, K. T. O'Brien, E. P. Hunston, D. L. Chin, J. W. Williams, R. S. TI Design, fabrication, and implementation of thermally driven outdoor testing devices for building joint sealants SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE AB The paper describes the development, implementation, and testing of two thermally driven outdoor exposure instruments. These devices are unique in their ability to impose field generated thermally induced strain on sealant specimens while monitoring their resulting load and displacement. The instruments combine a fixed wood and steel supporting frame with a moving polyvinyl chloride frame, and employ differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the supporting frame and moving frame to induce strain on the sealant specimens. Two different kinds of instruments have been fabricated, "winter/tension" and "winter/compression" designs. In the winter/tension design, the thermally induced dimensional change is directly transferred to the specimens; while in the winter/compression design, the samples are loaded in an opposite direction with the dimensional change. Both designs are instrumented to monitor load and displacement and are built so that the strain on the specimen does not exceed +/- 25% over the range of temperatures expected in Gaithersburg, MD. Additionally, a weather station is colocated with the device to record environmental conditions in 1 min intervals. This combination of weather information with mechanical property data enables a direct link between environmental conditions and the corresponding sealant response. The reliability and effectiveness of these instruments are demonstrated with a typical sealant material. The results show that the instruments work according to the design criteria and provide a meaningful quantitative platform to monitor the mechanical response of sealant exposed to outdoor weathering. [doi:10.1063/1.3543817] C1 [White, C. C.; Tan, K. T.; O'Brien, E. P.; Hunston, D. L.; Chin, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, R. S.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIST industry/government consortium on the Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials FX The support from the NIST industry/government consortium on the Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials is greatly appreciated. Participating companies include DAP, Degussa, Dow Corning, Kaneka Texas, SIKA, Solvay, Tremco, and Wacker Silicones. Also, the technical assistance from Jason Garver and Arthur Ellison is highly appreciated. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 2 AR 025112 DI 10.1063/1.3543817 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 727PM UT WOS:000287813400072 PM 21361638 ER PT J AU Derby, NE Hakk, H Casey, FXM DeSutter, TM AF Derby, Nathan E. Hakk, Heldur Casey, Francis X. M. DeSutter, Tom M. TI Effects of Composting Swine Manure on Nutrients and Estrogens SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Swine manure; compost; estrogen ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER; STEROIDAL ESTROGENS; MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; HORMONES; TESTOSTERONE; PERSISTENCE; CONTAMINANTS AB Application of raw manure to fields can contribute ammonia, pathogens, and volatile organic compounds at concentrations that may give rise to adverse odors and environmental concerns. In addition, raw manures contain reproductive hormones that could impact the endocrine systems of sensitive organisms. Composting manure, in which aerobic microorganisms destroy pathogens and convert organic compounds into more stable forms, may reduce its potentially harmful effects. Two piles of swine (Sus scrofa domestica) manure with corn stalk bedding were monitored for temperature, inorganic N, total N, P, K, pH, electrical conductivity, and the hormones 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). A compost pile was mixed periodically, resulting in internal temperature increases to the thermophilic range (40 degrees C-60 degrees C) after each mixing. A static manure pile was not mixed, and the temperature stayed close to ambient throughout. After 92 days, the compost resembled a humus-like material with very little odor, whereas the manure pile had maintained much of its original physical characteristics. After 92 days, the compost had a pH closer to neutral, a lower electrical conductivity, and slightly lower total N content than the static manure pile. Both piles had greatly reduced ammonium concentrations. 17 beta-Estradiol concentrations did not decline, but rather fluctuated with time, and were much lower than E1 concentrations, which were initially high but decreased during the study. Static manure storage appeared to be just as effective in reducing total estrogenicity (estrogenicity = E2 + 0.1 x E1) compared with aerobic composting, in that estrogenicity was reduced by 74% in the static manure pile and 79% in the composted pile. C1 [Derby, Nathan E.; Casey, Francis X. M.; DeSutter, Tom M.] NDSU Dept 7680, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Hakk, Heldur] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Derby, NE (reprint author), NDSU Dept 7680, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM nathan.derby@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU National Science Foundation [0730492] FX This research was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0730492. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors thank Colleen Pfaff of the USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory for her work on hormone analysis and Lynn Cavett, the cooperating farmer. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 176 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3182088377 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 716ND UT WOS:000286977200005 ER PT J AU Ferguson, HJ Neven, LG Thibault, ST Mohammed, A Fraser, M AF Ferguson, Holly J. Neven, Lisa G. Thibault, Stephen T. Mohammed, Ahmed Fraser, Malcolm TI Genetic transformation of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., with piggyBac EGFP SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Codling moth; Sterile insect technique; Autocidal biological control; Genetic sexing strain ID GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; MEDIATED ENHANCER DETECTION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INSECT TRANSGENESIS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; PRECISE EXCISION; AEDES-AEGYPTI; VECTOR AB Genetic transformation of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, was accomplished through embryo microinjection with a plasmid-based piggyBac vector containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. Sequencing of the flanking regions around the inserted construct resulted in identification of insect genomic sequences, not plasmid sequences, thus providing evidence that the piggyBac EGFP cassette had integrated into the codling moth genome. EGFP-positive moths were confirmed in the 28th and earlier generations post injection through PCR and Southern blot analyses, indicating heritability of the transgene. C1 [Ferguson, Holly J.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Neven, Lisa G.] ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Thibault, Stephen T.] Amgen Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Mohammed, Ahmed; Fraser, Malcolm] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mohammed, Ahmed; Fraser, Malcolm] Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Global Hlth & Infect Dis, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mohammed, Ahmed] Agr Res Ctr, Agr Genet Engn Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. RP Ferguson, HJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hferguson@wsu.edu; lisa.neven@ars.usda.gov RI Fraser, Malcolm/C-9100-2009 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Program Staff; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration FX The authors give much thanks to Susan McCombs, Tom Miller, Frantisek Marec, Steve Garczynski, Meg Allen, and Al Handler for their reviews of the manuscript. We are indebted to Dr. Paul Shirk for his donation of plasmid constructs, p3E1.2 and p3E12 Delta trl. We would also like to thank Dr. Al Handler for the pB[PUbnlsEGFP construct. We are very grateful to Eric Bruntjen, Jennifer Scott, Anne Kenny Chapman, Nina Barcenas, and Tina Vasile for their technical assistance. This project was supported by a United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Program Staff funded postdoctoral position with additional funding from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s11248-010-9391-8 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 705AQ UT WOS:000286100500018 PM 20386982 ER PT J AU Thomson, JG Yau, YY Blanvillain, R Nunes, WM Chiniquy, D Thilmony, R Ow, DW AF Thomson, James G. Yau, Yuan-Yeu Blanvillain, Robert Nunes, Wylla M. Chiniquy, Dawn Thilmony, Roger Ow, David W. TI ParA resolvase catalyzes site-specific excision of DNA from the Arabidopsis genome (vol 18, pg 237, 2009) SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Thomson, James G.; Nunes, Wylla M.; Thilmony, Roger; Ow, David W.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Thomson, James G.; Yau, Yuan-Yeu; Blanvillain, Robert; Ow, David W.] Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Thomson, James G.; Yau, Yuan-Yeu; Blanvillain, Robert; Ow, David W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chiniquy, Dawn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jthomson@pw.usda.gov; dow@berkeley.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 219 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s11248-010-9462-x PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 705AQ UT WOS:000286100500019 ER PT J AU Letey, J Hoffman, GJ Hopmans, JW Grattan, SR Suarez, D Corwin, DL Oster, JD Wu, L Amrhein, C AF Letey, J. Hoffman, G. J. Hopmans, J. W. Grattan, S. R. Suarez, D. Corwin, D. L. Oster, J. D. Wu, L. Amrhein, C. TI Evaluation of soil salinity leaching requirement guidelines SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Irrigation; Salt leaching; Steady-state analyses; Transient-state models ID IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT; DRIP IRRIGATION; STEADY-STATE; MODEL; SALT AB Water for irrigation is a major limitation to agricultural production in many parts of the world. Use of waters with elevated levels of salinity is one likely option to meet the supply of increased demands. The sources of these waters include drainage water generated by irrigated agriculture, municipal wastewater, and poor quality groundwater. Soil salinity leaching requirements that were established several decades ago were based on steady-state conditions. Recently transient-state models have been developed that potentially can more correctly predict the dynamics of the chemical-physical-biological interactions in an agricultural system. The University of California Center for Water Resources appointed a workgroup to review the development of steady-state analyses and transient-state models, and to determine whether the current recommended guidelines for leaching requirement based on steady-state analyses need to be revised. The workgroup concludes that the present guidelines overestimate the leaching requirement and the negative consequences of irrigating with saline waters. This error is particularly large at low leaching fractions. This is a fortuitous finding because irrigating to achieve low leaching fractions provides a more efficient use of limited water supplies. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Letey, J.; Oster, J. D.; Wu, L.; Amrhein, C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hoffman, G. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn Emeritus, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hopmans, J. W.; Grattan, S. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suarez, D.; Corwin, D. L.] USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Letey, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM john.letey@ucr.edu NR 17 TC 52 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 98 IS 4 BP 502 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.08.009 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 722LE UT WOS:000287432900003 ER PT J AU Zanella, R Settles, ML McKay, SD Schnabel, R Taylor, J Whitlock, RH Schukken, Y Van Kessel, JS Smith, JM Neibergs, HL AF Zanella, R. Settles, M. L. McKay, S. D. Schnabel, R. Taylor, J. Whitlock, R. H. Schukken, Y. Van Kessel, J. S. Smith, J. M. Neibergs, H. L. TI Identification of loci associated with tolerance to Johne's disease in Holstein cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; tolerance; whole genome association ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; DAIRY HERDS; GENETIC-VARIATION; CROHNS-DISEASE; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; ECONOMIC-LOSSES AB P>Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), is a fatal disease in cattle. The objective of this study was to identify loci associated with tolerance in cows infected with Map. Tolerance was defined as a cow's fitness at a given level of Map infection intensity. Fitness was measured by Map faecal cultures, and Map infection intensity was measured by culturing four gut tissues. The quantitative phenotype of tolerance was defined by numerical indexes of cultures of peak (peak tolerance, PT) and average (average tolerance, AT) faecal and tissue Map from 245 Holstein cows. The categorical phenotype was defined as: >= 100 cfu Map tissue infection, and faecal shedding >= 75 cfu (intolerant) or < 10 cfu (tolerant cows). In 94 cows, Map was identified in >= 1 tissue, including 44 cows with >= 100 Map tissue cfu and 36 with >= 1 faecal cfu. A genome-wide association analysis was performed after filtering, leaving genotypes for 45 789 SNPs in 90 animals for the quantitative phenotype and 16 cases and 25 controls for the categorical analysis of tolerance. rs41748405:A > C (BTA15) was associated with PT (P = 1.12 x 10-7) and AT (P = 2.17 x 10-6). Associations were identified with PT and adjacent SNPs ss61512613:A > G and ss61530518:A > G (BTA6) (P < 3.0 x 10-5), and with AT for ss61469568:A > G (BTA 2) (P = 3.3 x 10-5) and ss86284768:A > G (BTA1) (P = 3.31 x 10-5). For the categorical phenotype, an association was found with ss8632653:A > G (BTA6) (P < 5.0 x 10-5). This is the first study to identify loci associated with tolerance to Johne's disease. C1 [Zanella, R.; Settles, M. L.; Neibergs, H. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McKay, S. D.; Schnabel, R.; Taylor, J.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Whitlock, R. H.] Univ Penn, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, PA USA. [Schukken, Y.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Van Kessel, J. S.] USDA ARS, EMFSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, J. M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Neibergs, HL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Clark Hall 253,ASLB 210, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM neibergs@wsu.edu RI Settles, Matthew/F-2031-2011; Zanella, Ricardo/A-4644-2011; Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Settles, Matthew/0000-0002-3424-1086; Zanella, Ricardo/0000-0003-1449-6708; Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641 NR 66 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02076.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 705BC UT WOS:000286102100005 PM 20477805 ER PT J AU Hosein, AM Breidt, F Smith, CE AF Hosein, Althea M. Breidt, Frederick, Jr. Smith, Charles E. TI Modeling the Effects of Sodium Chloride, Acetic Acid, and Intracellular pH on Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; PRESSURE INACTIVATION; FERMENTATION ACIDS; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; ANION ACCUMULATION; REDUCTION TIMES; WEIBULL MODEL; LACTIC-ACID; O157-H7; RESISTANCE AB Microbiological safety has been a critical issue for acid and acidified foods since it became clear that acid-tolerant pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 can survive (even though they are unable to grow) in a pH range of 3 to 4, which is typical for these classes of food products. The primary antimicrobial compounds in these products are acetic acid and NaCl, which can alter the intracellular physiology of E. coli O157:H7, leading to cell death. For combinations of acetic acid and NaCl at pH 3.2 (a pH value typical for non-heat-processed acidified vegetables), survival curves were described by using a Weibull model. The data revealed a protective effect of NaCl concentration on cell survival for selected acetic acid concentrations. The intracellular pH of an E. coli O157:H7 strain exposed to acetic acid concentrations of up to 40 mM and NaCl concentrations between 2 and 4% was determined. A reduction in the intracellular pH was observed for increasing acetic acid concentrations with an external pH of 3.2. Comparing intracellular pH with Weibull model predictions showed that decreases in intracellular pH were significantly correlated with the corresponding times required to achieve a 5-log reduction in the number of bacteria. C1 [Breidt, Frederick, Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smith, Charles E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, 322 Schaub Hall,Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Fred.Breidt@ars.usda.gov FU Pickle Packers International Inc. FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the Pickle Packers International Inc. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 77 IS 3 BP 889 EP 895 DI 10.1128/AEM.02136-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 711MZ UT WOS:000286597100023 PM 21115706 ER PT J AU Khatibi, PA Newmister, SA Rayment, I McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Schmale, DG AF Khatibi, Piyum A. Newmister, Sean A. Rayment, Ivan McCormick, Susan P. Alexander, Nancy J. Schmale, David G., III TI Bioprospecting for Trichothecene 3-O-Acetyltransferases in the Fungal Genus Fusarium Yields Functional Enzymes with Different Abilities To Modify the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAD BLIGHT; TRI101; YEAST; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; EXPRESSION; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; RESISTANCE; GRAMINEARUM; PROTEINS; TOBACCO AB The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common contaminant of small grains, such as wheat and barley, in the United States. New strategies to mitigate the threat of DON need to be developed and implemented. TRI101 and TRI201 are trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases that are able to modify DON and reduce its toxicity. Recent work has highlighted differences in the activities of TRI101 from two different species of Fusarium (F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides), but little is known about the relative activities of TRI101/TRI201 enzymes produced by other species of Fusarium. We cloned TRI101 or TRI201 genes from seven different species of Fusarium and found genetic identity between sequences ranging from 66% to 98%. In vitro feeding studies using transformed yeast showed that all of the TRI101/TRI201 enzymes tested were able to acetylate DON; conversion of DON to 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON) ranged from 50.5% to 100.0%, depending on the Fusarium species from which the gene originated. A time course assay showed that the rate of acetylation varied from species to species, with the gene from F. sporotrichioides having the lowest rate. Steady-state kinetic assays using seven purified enzymes produced catalytic efficiencies for DON acetylation ranging from 6.8 x 10(4) M(-1) . s(-1) to 4.7 x 10(6) M(-1) . s(-1). Thermostability measurements for the seven orthologs ranged from 37.1 degrees C to 43.2 degrees C. Extended sequence analysis of portions of TRI101/TRI201 from 31 species of Fusarium (including known trichothecene producers and nonproducers) suggested that other members of the genus may contain functional TRI101/TRI201 genes, some with the potential to outperform those evaluated in the present study. C1 [Khatibi, Piyum A.; Schmale, David G., III] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Newmister, Sean A.; Rayment, Ivan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McCormick, Susan P.; Alexander, Nancy J.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogen & Mycol Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Schmale, DG (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, 403 Latham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dschmale@vt.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [59-0790-7-078, 59-0790-6-066]; Virginia Small Grains Board [448226]; NIH [GM086351] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture under agreement no. 59-0790-7-078 (D. G. S.) and 59-0790-6-066 (I. R.). This is a cooperative project with the U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative. Additional support was provided by grants through the Virginia Small Grains Board (grant 448226 to D. G. S.) and through the NIH (grant GM086351 to I.R.). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 77 IS 4 BP 1162 EP 1170 DI 10.1128/AEM.01738-10 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 717WM UT WOS:000287078100002 PM 21169453 ER PT J AU Houle, S Schrader, KK Le Francois, NR Comeau, Y Kharoune, M Summerfelt, ST Savoie, A Vandenberg, GW AF Houle, Stephanie Schrader, Kevin K. Le Francois, Nathalie R. Comeau, Yves Kharoune, Mourad Summerfelt, Steven T. Savoie, Arianne Vandenberg, Grant W. TI Geosmin causes off-flavour in arctic charr in recirculating aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geosmin; off-flavour; arctic charr; recirculating aquaculture systems ID 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; CATFISH; TROUT; FISH AB The 'earthy' and 'muddy' off-flavours in pond-reared fish are due to the presence of geosmin or 2-methylisoborneol in the flesh of the fish. Similar off-flavours have been reported in fish raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS); however, little information is available regarding the cause of these off-flavours. Our hypothesis was that earthy and muddy off-flavour compounds, found previously in pond-raised fish, are also responsible for off-flavours in fish raised in RAS. In this preliminary study, we examined water, biofilms in RAS and fillets from cultured arctic charr known to have off-flavours and requiring depuration using instrumental [solid-phase microextraction procedure and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)] and human sensory analyses. Geosmin was present in the samples taken from the biofilter and on the side walls of the tanks. Two-methylisoborneol was only found in low levels in the samples. The GC-MS results indicated the presence of geosmin in the fillets (705 ng kg-1), but lower levels were found in the water (30.5 ng L-1). Sensory analyses also detected an earthy flavour (i.e., geosmin presence) in the fillets, and, therefore, it appears that geosmin is the main compound responsible for the off-flavour in RAS. Further studies are being performed to identify the microorganisms responsible for geosmin production in RAS. C1 [Houle, Stephanie; Vandenberg, Grant W.] Univ Laval, Dept Anim Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Schrader, Kevin K.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. [Le Francois, Nathalie R.; Savoie, Arianne] Univ Quebec, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Comeau, Yves] Ecole Polytech, Dept Civil Geol & Min Engn, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Kharoune, Mourad] Ecole Technol Super, Dept Genie Prod Automatisee, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Summerfelt, Steven T.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV USA. [Le Francois, Nathalie R.] Biodome Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Vandenberg, GW (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Anim Sci, 2425 Rue Agr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM grant.vandenberg@fsaa.ulaval.ca RI Comeau, Yves/F-6743-2010 OI Comeau, Yves/0000-0002-0560-1732 FU le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies FX We would like to thank West Virginia Aqua for their help in the sampling, Ramona Pace of the Thad Cochran Research Center in Oxford, Mississippi, for the technical help and support and the Garrison Sensory Evaluation Laboratory at Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. The technical assistance of the Laboratoire de recherche des sciences aquatiques, Universite Laval and the help of Alain Caron of the Universite du Quebec a Rimouski for statistical analysis is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42 IS 3 BP 360 EP 365 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02630.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717GY UT WOS:000287032900006 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW Wu, ZX AF Riddick, Eric W. Wu, Zhixin TI Lima bean-lady beetle interactions: hooked trichomes affect survival of Stethorus punctillum larvae SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Host-plant resistance; Rearing; Coccinellidae; Leguminosae; Tetranychidae ID 2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE; TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE; LEAF TRICHOMES; NATURAL ENEMIES; HOST-PLANT; AVAILABILITY; BEHAVIOR; PREDATOR; DEFENSE; SURFACE AB We tested the hypothesis that Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus L. (Henderson cultivar) trichome density affects the survival of the acariphagous lady beetle Stethorus punctillum Weise. When isolated throughout larval development, 10% or less of S. punctillum larvae reared on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch on small (rather than large) P. lunatus leaves survived until pupation. Although other factors might have contributed to larval mortality, we demonstrated that survival rate was related to trichome density (i.e., number of hooked trichomes per cm on the underside of leaves). Trichome density was greatest on the underside of small leaves and least on large leaves, indicating that survival rate increased as trichome density decreased. Hooked trichomes impaled S. punctillum larvae more often at the apex of the abdomen than at any other body part. Hooked trichomes also trapped S. punctillum adults, but they always managed to free themselves. This study highlights the negative effect of Lima bean hooked trichomes on a predacious lady beetle that attacks the two-spotted spider mite. C1 [Riddick, Eric W.; Wu, Zhixin] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM eric.riddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s10526-010-9309-7 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 702DE UT WOS:000285874000006 ER PT J AU Brown, MW AF Brown, M. W. TI Importance of early arrival of adult Harmonia axyridis for control of Aphis spiraecola on apple SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Harmonia axyridis; Aphis spiraecola; Arrival time; Population control; Malus domestica ID HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; WEST-VIRGINIA; SUGAR-BEET; POPULATIONS; PREY; ESTABLISHMENT; PREDATION; SPREAD AB The biological control of aphid populations may only be possible when natural enemies arrive soon after aphid colonization. This study was done to identify how quickly adult Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) need to arrive at newly established spirea aphid [Aphis spiraecola Patch (Homoptera: Aphididae)] colonies on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) to provide population control. A total of 100 newly established spirea aphid colonies were caged in an experimental apple orchard in West Virginia, USA. A single adult H. axyridis was added to each of ten caged colonies at day 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after caging. An additional ten caged colonies were opened for exposure to natural levels of predation at each of the treatment intervals as a control. The single H. axyridis eliminated the aphid colonies significantly more quickly than natural predation for up to ten days after colony establishment. The probability of an aphid colony producing alates was significantly lower in the presence of a single H. axyridis adult than when exposed to natural predation for the first ten days. Adult H. axyridis beetles are capable of completely controlling individual spirea aphid colonies on apple only if they are abundant enough to find colonies within one week of colony establishment. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mwb_ifp@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10526-010-9311-0 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 702DE UT WOS:000285874000007 ER PT J AU Irvin, MR Kabagambe, EK Tiwari, HK Parnell, LD Straka, RJ Tsai, M Ordovas, JM Arnett, DK AF Irvin, Marguerite R. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Tiwari, Hemant K. Parnell, Laurence D. Straka, Robert J. Tsai, Michael Ordovas, Jose M. Arnett, Donna K. TI Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Postprandial Triglyceridemia Before and After Fenofibrate Treatment in the GOLDN Study" SO CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Irvin, Marguerite R.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tiwari, Hemant K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Tsai, Michael] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Med & Pathol, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Irvin, MR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1942-325X J9 CIRC-CARDIOVASC GENE JI Circ.-Cardiovasc. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP E6 EP E6 DI 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.110.958843 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Genetics & Heredity SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 721KS UT WOS:000287353200006 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, JR Schaffer, JL McCormick, GF AF Bartholomew, John R. Schaffer, Jonathan L. McCormick, Georges F. TI Air travel and venous thromboembolism: Minimizing the risk SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; INTERVENTIONS AB For those traveling on long flights, the risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, generally referred to as venous thromboembolism (VTE), is real and dangerous if left unrecognized or untreated. The goal of this publication is to provide an overview of how best to prevent VIE during travel, and how to diagnose and treat it. C1 [Bartholomew, John R.] Cleveland Clin, Inst Heart & Vasc, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Sect Vasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Bartholomew, John R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin, Lerner Coll Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Schaffer, Jonathan L.] Cleveland Clin, Div Informat Technol, eClevelandClin, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [McCormick, Georges F.] USDA, Off Med Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bartholomew, JR (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Inst Heart & Vasc, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Sect Vasc Med, J3-5,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM bar-thoj@ccf.org NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.3949/ccjm.78a.10138 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 723ZR UT WOS:000287546400011 PM 21285343 ER PT J AU Moon, J Hake, S AF Moon, Jihyun Hake, Sarah TI How a leaf gets its shape SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; APICAL MERISTEM; LATERAL ORGANS; REPRESS BREVIPEDICELLUS; MEDIATED REPRESSION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; DOMINANT MUTATION; PATTERN-FORMATION AB Leaves are formed from a group of initial cells within the meristem. One of the earliest markers of leaf initiation is the down-regulation of KNOX genes in initial cells. Polar auxin activity, MYB and LOB domain transcription factors function to keep KNOX out of the initiating leaf. If KNOX genes are expressed in initial cells, leaves fail to form. As the leaf grows away from the meristem, its shape is determined by growth in three axes, proximal-distal, abaxial-adaxial and medial-lateral. HD-ZIPIII, KANADI and the small RNA pathway play a significant role in the latter two axes. KNOX proteins play a role in the proximal-distal axis. Although genetic networks are conserved between monocots and dicots, the outcome in leaf shape often differs. C1 [Moon, Jihyun; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hake@berkeley.edu FU CSREES [2008-01082] FX Funding was provided by CSREES (2008-01082). We wish to thank Toshi Foster for helpful comments. NR 71 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 51 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.08.012 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 724DA UT WOS:000287555100005 PM 20870452 ER PT J AU Vercken, E Kramer, AM Tobin, PC Drake, JM AF Vercken, E. Kramer, A. M. Tobin, P. C. Drake, J. M. TI Critical patch size generated by Allee effect in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Allee effect; critical area; dispersal; extinction; generalized additive models; gypsy moth; invasion; reaction-diffusion; Voronoi tessellation ID NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INVADING ORGANISMS; MATING SUCCESS; INVASION; DISPERSAL; SPREAD; LEPIDOPTERA AB P>Allee effects are important dynamical mechanisms in small-density populations in which per capita population growth rate increases with density. When positive density dependence is sufficiently severe (a 'strong' Allee effect), a critical density arises below which populations do not persist. For spatially distributed populations subject to dispersal, theory predicts that the occupied area also exhibits a critical threshold for population persistence, but this result has not been confirmed in nature. We tested this prediction in patterns of population persistence across the invasion front of the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in the United States in data collected between 1996 and 2008. Our analysis consistently provided evidence for effects of both population area and density on persistence, as predicted by the general theory, and confirmed here using a mechanistic model developed for the gypsy moth system. We believe this study to be the first empirical documentation of critical patch size induced by an Allee effect. C1 [Vercken, E.] INRA, UMR IBSV, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Kramer, A. M.; Drake, J. M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tobin, P. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Vercken, E (reprint author), INRA, UMR IBSV, 400 Route Chappes,BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM elodie.vercken@sophia.inra.fr RI Kramer, Andrew/C-5495-2008; Drake, John/D-6622-2012; OI Kramer, Andrew/0000-0002-9031-6580; Drake, John/0000-0003-4646-1235 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 14 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01569.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711NV UT WOS:000286599600013 PM 21138513 ER PT J AU Ngo, HL Dunn, RO Sharma, B Foglia, TA AF Ngo, Helen L. Dunn, Robert O. Sharma, Brajendra Foglia, Thomas A. TI Synthesis and physical properties of isostearic acids and their esters SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Branched-chain fatty acid; Isostearic acid; Lubricant; Viscosity index; Zeolite ID OLEIC-ACID; MONTMORILLONITE CATALYST; ALKYL CHLOROFORMATES; DIMERIZATION; ALKENES AB Saturated branched-chain fatty acids (sbc-FAs) are found as minor constituents in several natural fats and oils. Sbc-FAs are of interest since they have lower melting points than their linear counterparts and exhibit good oxidative stability; properties that make them ideally suited in a number of applications. We (and others) have previously synthesized sbc-FAs by clay-or zeolite-catalyzed isomerization of unsaturated linear-chain fatty acids (ulc-FAs) to unsaturated branched-chain fatty acids (ubc-FAs) that were subsequently hydrogenated to the desired sbc-FAs. These acid-catalyzed isomerization reactions, however, proceed in moderate conversion and selectivity. Recently, our group found that H-Ferrierite zeolite catalyst isomerized ulc-FAs to their branched-chain counterparts in high conversion (>95%) and selectivity (85%). This paper reports the use of this type of catalyst for the preparation of a series of sbc-FAs and their ester derivatives. Selected physical properties of these branched acids and esters such as cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), viscosity index (VI), thermo-oxidation stability, iodine value, and lubricity are also reported. C1 [Ngo, Helen L.; Foglia, Thomas A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Dunn, Robert O.; Sharma, Brajendra] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Ngo, HL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1002/ejlt.201000335 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 718YJ UT WOS:000287162200007 ER PT J AU Marucco, F Boitani, L Pletscher, DH Schwartz, MK AF Marucco, Francesca Boitani, Luigi Pletscher, Daniel H. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Bridging the gaps between non-invasive genetic sampling and population parameter estimation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Capture-mark-recapture; Genetic; Molecular tagging; Non-invasive; Population size ID MARK-RECAPTURE POPULATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; GENOTYPING ERRORS; GRIZZLY BEARS; MICROSATELLITE GENOTYPES; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; FORENSIC-SCIENCE; SIZE ESTIMATION AB Reliable estimates of population parameters are necessary for effective management and conservation actions. The use of genetic data for capture-recapture (CR) analyses has become an important tool to estimate population parameters for elusive species. Strong emphasis has been placed on the genetic analysis of non-invasive samples, or on the CR analysis; however, little attention has been paid to the simultaneous overview of the full non-invasive genetic CR analysis, and the important insights gained by understanding the interactions between the different parts of the technique. Here, we review the three main steps of the approach: designing the appropriate sampling scheme, conducting the genetic lab analysis, and applying the CR analysis to the genetic results; and present a synthesis of this topic with the aim of discussing the primary limitations and sources of error. We discuss the importance of the integration between these steps, the unique situations which occur with non-invasive studies, the role of ecologists and geneticists throughout the process, the problem of error propagation, and the sources of biases which can be present in the final estimates. We highlight the importance of team collaboration and offer a series of recommendations to wildlife ecologists who are not familiar with this topic yet but may want to use this tool to monitor populations through time. C1 [Marucco, Francesca] Ctr Gest & Conservaz Grandi Carnivori, I-12010 Valdieri, Italy. [Boitani, Luigi] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Human & Anim Biol, Rome, Italy. [Pletscher, Daniel H.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] USDA Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Marucco, F (reprint author), Ctr Gest & Conservaz Grandi Carnivori, Piazza Regina Elena 30, I-12010 Valdieri, Italy. EM francesca.marucco@centrograndicarnivori.it; luigi.boitani@uniroma1.it; dan.pletscher@umontana.edu; mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU Regione Piemonte; Progetto Lupo Piemonte; Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime; PECASE FX We thank K. Griffin, P. Ciucci, and J. Boulanger for helpful comments on the first draft of this paper. F. Marucco was supported by the Regione Piemonte, Progetto Lupo Piemonte, Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime. M. Schwartz was supported by a PECASE award during the writing of this manuscript. NR 89 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4642 J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10344-010-0477-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 711ZG UT WOS:000286630300001 ER PT J AU Xiang, Z He, YS Zhao, H Rosenthal, BM Dunams, DB Li, XM Zuo, YX Feng, GH Cui, LW Yang, ZQ AF Xiang, Zheng He, Yongshu Zhao, Hui Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Dunams, Detiger B. Li, Xiaomei Zuo, Yangxian Feng, Guohua Cui, Liwang Yang, Zhaoqing TI Sarcocystis cruzi: Comparative studies confirm natural infections of buffaloes SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocyst; Cattle; Water buffalo; Ultrastructure; Definitive host; Phylogeny ID WATER-BUFFALO; BUBALUS-BUBALIS; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; PR-CHINA; PROTOZOA; CATTLE; VIETNAM; YUNNAN; MONKEY AB Controversy exists concerning whether cattle and water buffalo sustain infections with cysts of distinct arrays of species in the genus Sarcocystis. In particular, morphologically similar parasites have been alternately ascribed to Sarcocystis cruzi or to Sarcocystis levinei, depending on their occurrence in cattle or water buffalo. We used light and transmission electron microscopy, genetic analysis, and experimental infections of definitive canine hosts to determine whether consistent differences could be identified from parasites derived from several natural infections of each host, examining several tissue types (esophagus, skeletal muscles, and heart). Cysts derived from cattle and water buffalo shared similar structure; variation among 18S rRNA sequences did not segregate consistently according to intermediate host type; parasites derived from cattle and water buffalo induced similar outcomes in the canine definitive host. One cattle specimen harbored unusually large (macroscopic) sarcocysts which nonetheless conformed to previously reported ultrastructural and genetic features of S. cruzi. Finding no consistent basis to differentiate between them, we conclude that the parasites infecting each host and tissue type correspond to S. cruzi. In our sample, no phylogenetically distinct taxon was sampled which might correspond to a distinct taxon previously described as S. levinei. Either that taxon was missed by our sampling effort, or it may represent a junior synonym to S. cruzi, which would then cycle between dogs and a broader range of intermediate bovine hosts than was previously considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cui, Liwang] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xiang, Zheng; Zhao, Hui; Yang, Zhaoqing] Kunming Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [He, Yongshu; Feng, Guohua] Kunming Med Univ, Dept Biol, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.; Dunams, Detiger B.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Xiaomei] Kunming Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Zuo, Yangxian] Yunnan Univ, Dept Biol, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Cui, LW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM luc2@psu.edu; zhaoqingy@yahoo.com OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30560022, 30960050]; USDA [1265-1400-11] FX This study was funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30560022 and 30960050). Dr. Rosenthal is supported by USDA Project 1265-1400-11 "Molecular Systematics and Comparative Population Genetics of Parasitic Organisms that Threaten Food Safety and Security". NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.10.012 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 712CW UT WOS:000286643300022 PM 20971107 ER PT J AU McDermott, ME Wood, PB Miller, GW Simpson, BT AF McDermott, Molly E. Wood, Petra Bohall Miller, Gary W. Simpson, Brian T. TI Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bird-habitat modeling; Early successional birds; Even-age; Forest birds; Multiscale; West Virginia ID MULTIPLE SCALES; AVIAN HABITAT; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; DISTURBANCE; USA; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT AB Spatial scale is an important consideration when managing forest wildlife habitat, and models can be used to improve our understanding of these habitats at relevant scales. Our objectives were to determine whether stand- or microhabitat-scale variables better predicted bird metrics (diversity, species presence, and abundance) and to examine breeding bird response to clearcut size and age in a highly forested landscape. In 2004-2007, vegetation data were collected from 62 even-aged stands that were 3.6-34.6 ha in size and harvested in 1963-1990 on the Monongahela National Forest, WV, USA. In 2005-2007, we also surveyed birds at vegetation plots. We used classification and regression trees to model breeding bird habitat use with a suite of stand and microhabitat variables. Among stand variables, elevation, stand age, and stand size were most commonly retained as important variables in guild and species models. Among microhabitat variables, medium-sized tree density and tree species diversity most commonly predicted bird presence or abundance. Early successional and generalist bird presence, abundance, and diversity were better predicted by microhabitat variables than stand variables. Thus, more intensive field sampling may be required to predict habitat use for these species, and management may be needed at a finer scale. Conversely, stand-level variables had greater utility in predicting late-successional species occurrence and abundance; thus management decisions and modeling at this scale may be suitable in areas with a uniform landscape, such as our study area. Our study suggests that late-successional breeding bird diversity can be maximized long-term by including harvests >10 ha in size into our study area and by increasing tree diversity. Some harvesting will need to be incorporated regularly, because after 15 years, the study stands did not provide habitat for most early successional breeding specialists. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McDermott, Molly E.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Miller, Gary W.; Simpson, Brian T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP McDermott, ME (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mollyemcdermott@gmail.com; pbwood@wvu.edu; gwmiller@fs.fed.us; bsimpson@fs.fed.us RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 FU USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest FX This work was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest. The U.S. Geological Survey, West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit provided field vehicles, equipment access, and logistical support. West Virginia University and USDA Forest Service also provided logistical support. We thank USDA Forest Service for access to sites on the Monongahela National Forest. Thanks to D. Feicht and J. Juracko, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station for collecting woody vegetation data. We are grateful to R. Gauza, D. Hinnebusch, L. Koerner, M. Shumar, J. Walker, and T. Weidman for help with bird surveys. G. George, S. Stoleson, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Use of tradenames in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the Federal government. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721DO UT WOS:000287333000006 ER PT J AU Duehl, AJ Koch, FH Hain, FP AF Duehl, Adrian J. Koch, Frank H. Hain, Fred P. TI Southern pine beetle regional outbreaks modeled on landscape, climate and infestation history SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Classification and Regression Tree; Insect infestation; Logistic regression; Dendroctonus frontalis; Pinus taeda ID FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; ATTACK BEHAVIOR; LIFE-CYCLES; SCOLYTIDAE; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; WESTERN; FUNGI; MITES AB The southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis, SPB) is the major insect pest of pine species in the southeastern United States. It attains outbreak population levels sufficient to mass attack host pines across the landscape at scales ranging from a single forest stand to interstate epidemics. This county level analysis selected and examined the best climatic and landscape variables for predicting infestations at regional scales. The analysis showed that, for a given county, the most important factor in predicting outbreaks was that the county was classified as in outbreak status in the previous year. Other important factors included minimum winter temperature and the greatest difference between the average of daily minimums and a subsequent low temperature point, precipitation history either seasonally in the previous year or difference from average over the previous 2 years, the synchronizing effect of seasonal temperatures on beetle populations and the relative percentage of total forest area composed of host species. The statistical models showed that climatic variables are stronger indicators of outbreak likelihood than landscape structure and cover variables. Average climatic conditions were more likely to lead to outbreaks than extreme conditions, supporting the notion of coupling between a native insect and its native host. Still, some extreme events (i.e., periods of very low temperature or very high precipitation) did precede beetle infestation. This analysis suggested that there are predisposing and inciting factors at the large scale but the driving factors leading to individual infestations operate at smaller scales. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Duehl, Adrian J.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Koch, Frank H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hain, Fred P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Duehl, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM adrian.duehl@ars.usda.gov RI Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC [09-JV-11330146-087]; North Carolina State University [09-JV-11330146-087] FX The participation of Frank Koch was supported by Research Joint Venture Agreement #09-JV-11330146-087 between the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC and North Carolina State University. The authors would like to thank Jim Powell and Jesse Logan for their help with G function programming and utilization and the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 3 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.032 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721DO UT WOS:000287333000016 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, JW Calhoon, EBW Gale, MR Jurgensen, MF Trettin, CC AF McLaughlin, James W. Calhoon, Emily B. W. Gale, Margaret R. Jurgensen, Martin F. Trettin, Carl C. TI Biogeochemical cycling and chemical fluxes in a managed northern forested wetland, Michigan, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Whole-tree harvest; Soil nutrients; Nutrient flux; Charge balance; Hydrogen ion mass balance ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MECHANICAL SITE PREPARATION; HARDWOOD FOREST; RIPARIAN ZONE; EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS; HEADWATER CATCHMENTS; WATERSHED-ECOSYSTEM; MINERAL SUBSTRATE; UNITED-STATES; HUBBARD BROOK AB Forest harvesting and subsequent regeneration treatments may cause changes in soil and solution chemistry that adversely affect forest productivity and environmental quality. The objective of this study was to assess soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and base cation pools and fluxes, and to construct a hydrogen ion (H(+)) mass balance to identify major processes controlling acidity production and consumption 14 years following whole-tree harvesting and regeneration in a northern forested wetland with underlying mineral soils derived from calcareous glacial drift. Results for soil elemental and nutrient pools in the harvested/regenerated stand were compared to an adjacent non-harvested stand and a riparian zone. The riparian zone had the highest soil total C, total N, and exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) pools; however, no difference in exchangeable potassium (K) was evident among stand types. Moreover, no differences between the harvested/regenerated and uncut stands were evident in any of the soil chemical pools. Net export of base cations was minimal and the H(+) mass balance indicated that net cation exchange was not a significant process in H(+) production or consumption in either the uncut or harvested/regenerated stands. The most striking differences in the H(+) mass balance were (1) eight times their consumption from sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) reduction in the harvested/regenerated stand compared to that in the uncut condition and (2) nearly twice the H(+) production due to N immobilization in the harvested/regenerated stand. However, both stand types were net H(+) sinks and increases in H(+) export due to whole-tree harvesting were not evident. The riparian zone was a net exporter of base cations. This finding was attributed to a combination of base cation exchange and carbonate mineral weathering; data suggested the importance of the latter. More research, however, is required to isolate the contributions of cation exchange and carbonate weathering on base cation export from the riparian zone. Stream chemistry was consistent with that of the riparian zone, indicating a strong linkage between the riparian zone stream chemistry, and whole-tree harvesting had no intermediate term (i.e., 14 years) effects on stream acidification in this managed northern wetland ecosystem. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McLaughlin, James W.] Ontario Forest Res Inst, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Calhoon, Emily B. W.; Gale, Margaret R.; Jurgensen, Martin F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Trettin, Carl C.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands, Cordesville, SC USA. RP McLaughlin, JW (reprint author), Ontario Forest Res Inst, 1235 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM jim.mclaughlin@ontario.ca FU US Forest Service's Northern Research Station; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources' Ontario Forest Research Institute (OFRI) FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Forest Service's Northern Research Station and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources' Ontario Forest Research Institute (OFRI). The authors thank Lisa Buse, Sandra Wawryszyn, Ravi Kanipayor, and John Ralston, OFRI, for their assistance with various aspects of the project. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 261 IS 3 BP 649 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.11.019 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721DO UT WOS:000287333000034 ER PT J AU Elliott, M Sumampong, G Varga, A Shamoun, SF James, D Masri, S Grunwald, NJ AF Elliott, M. Sumampong, G. Varga, A. Shamoun, S. F. James, D. Masri, S. Gruenwald, N. J. TI Phenotypic differences among three clonal lineages of Phytophthora ramorum SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; NORTH-AMERICAN; MATING-TYPE; PATHOGEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RHODODENDRON; CINNAMOMI; AUSTRALIA; INFECTION AB P>There are three major clonal lineages of Phytophthora ramorum present in North America and Europe named NA1, NA2, and EU1. Twenty-three isolates representing all three lineages were evaluated for phenotype including (i) aggressiveness on detached Rhododendron leaves and (ii) growth rate at minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures. Closely related species P. foliorum and P. hibernalis were included in phenotypic tests since these species are encountered in nursery surveys for P. ramorum. Isolates from the NA2 and EU1 lineages were the most aggressive and isolates from the NA1 group were the least aggressive. The NA1 lineage of P. ramorum was the most variable in aggressiveness and growth rate. The variability in the NA1 lineage was due to the presence of non-wild type (nwt) isolates. There was no significant difference in growth rate among NA1 wild type (wt), NA2, and EU1 lineages at any temperature tested. The difference between wt and nwt P. ramorum isolates is discussed. C1 [Sumampong, G.; Shamoun, S. F.] Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forestry Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Elliott, M.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Gruenwald, N. J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Varga, A.; James, D.; Masri, S.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Sidney Lab, Sidney, BC, Canada. RP Shamoun, SF (reprint author), Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forestry Serv, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM simon.shamoun@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Forest Service (CFS); Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA); USDA ARS CRIS [5358-22000-034-00] FX The authors wish to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canadian Forest Service (CFS), and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) for financial support. Partial funding to NJG for this work was also provided by the USDA ARS CRIS project 5358-22000-034-00. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00627.x PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 715MI UT WOS:000286888200002 ER PT J AU Lorenz, K Lal, R Shipitalo, MJ AF Lorenz, Klaus Lal, Rattan Shipitalo, Martin J. TI Stabilized Soil Organic Carbon Pools in Subsoils under Forest Are Potential Sinks for Atmospheric CO2 SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon depth distribution; forest subsoils; chemically separated soil organic carbon fractions; physically separated soil organic carbon fractions; functionally important tree species ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HYDROFLUORIC-ACID; BULK SOILS; LAND-USE; MATTER; MECHANISMS; SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT AB The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool stored in subsoil horizons in forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Strategies are needed to increase the subsoil SOC pool in forests because the turnover time of SOC increases with increase in soil depth as subsoil SOC is chemically and physically stabilized. We compared the total SOC and total nitrogen (TN) pools, chemically and physically separated SOC fractions, and C and N pools in fine roots in a soil pedon in an oak-hickory forest type consisting of white oak (Quercus alba L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) with yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, Ohio, USA. The SOC pool was the highest in the A horizon (47.4 Mg ha(-1)) and smaller in the Btl (6.9 Mg ha(-1)) and Bt2 (6.7 Mg ha(-1)) horizons. The SOC and TN concentrations sharply decreased with depth. Fine root C and N pools were much larger in the A horizon (0.71 and 0.025 Mg ha-1) than in underlying horizons. Although only 22% of the SOC pool was stored below the A horizon, 58% of the chemically stabilized and 31% of the physically stabilized SOC fractions pool occurred in the subsoil horizons. Thus, studies are needed to test whether forest management can increase the stabilized SOC pool in subsoil horizons to mitigate the human-induced climate change. FOR. Sci. 57(1):19-25. C1 [Lorenz, Klaus; Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shipitalo, Martin J.] ARS, USDA, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Lorenz, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lorenz.59@osu.edu; lal.1@osu.edu; martin.shipitalo@ars.usda.gov RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 FU Ohio State University FX Financial support was provided by the Climate, Water, and Carbon Program of The Ohio State University. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 35 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716GK UT WOS:000286956900005 ER PT J AU Slesak, RA Schoenholtz, SH Harrington, TB Meehan, NA AF Slesak, Robert A. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Harrington, Timothy B. Meehan, Nathan A. TI Initial Response of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen to Harvest Intensity and Competing Vegetation Control in Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Plantations of the Pacific Northwest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass; stratified sampling; soil depth; intensive forest management ID BELOW-GROUND CARBON; FOREST MANAGEMENT; PINE PLANTATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; CLEAR-CUT; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; CONIFER; DECOMPOSITION AB We assessed the effect of harvest type (bole-only or whole-tree) and vegetation control treatments (initial or annual application of herbicide) on soil C and N at two contrasting sites in the Pacific Northwest. Pretreatment (2003) and posttreatment (2005) soil samples were collected by depth to 60 cm, and a stratified sampling approach based on four surface conditions was used for posttreatment sampling in surface soils. Surface condition had a significant effect on soil C and N concentrations, generally decreasing with decreasing amounts of logging debris and increasing soil disturbance. There was no difference between harvest treatments in the change in soil C and N content despite differences in surface condition coverage between harvest types, indicating estimates of C and N change determined from the stratification approach were imprecise. Soil C and N content tended to increase regardless of treatment, but increases were significant only in the bole-only harvest at one site and in the whole-tree harvest at the other site. Initial vegetation control caused significantly greater positive change in soil C and N than the annual vegetation control treatment, with effects limited to surface soil at one site and all sample depths at the other site. Much of these increases occurred in deeper (>20 cm) parts of the soil profile, indicating that deep soil sampling is necessary for assessment of harvest-related change in soil C and N. FOR. Sci. 57(1):26-35. C1 [Slesak, Robert A.] Minnesota Forest Resources Council, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. [Meehan, Nathan A.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Western Timberlands Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Slesak, RA (reprint author), Minnesota Forest Resources Council, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM raslesak@umn.edu FU Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This is a product of the Sustainable Forestry component of Agenda 2020, a joint effort of the US Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association. Funds were provided by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. Research partners included Green Diamond Resource Company, Port Blakely Tree Farms LLC, Oregon State University, and Virginia Tech. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 26 EP 35 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716GK UT WOS:000286956900006 ER PT J AU Bonman, JM Gu, Y Coleman-Derr, D Jackson, EW Bockelman, HE AF Bonman, J. Michael Gu, Yong Coleman-Derr, Devon Jackson, Eric W. Bockelman, Harold E. TI Inferring geographic origin of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp vulgare) accessions using molecular markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Disease resistance; Geographic origin; Hordeum vulgare; Landrace ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GERMPLASM; COLLECTION; DART; CULTIVARS; SSRS AB The USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) has 207 landrace barleys obtained from a nursery grown in the Ukraine in 1930 by N.I. Vavilov, many of which have multiple resistance (MR) to disease similar to accessions from Ethiopia. The original collection locations of the accessions from the Vavilov nursery are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine, using molecular markers, if the MR accessions of unknown origin from the Vavilov nursery are genetically related to MR accessions from Ethiopia. The genetic relatedness among susceptible accessions of unknown origin and among a selection of landrace accessions from the NSGC barley core subset was also assessed. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and Diversity Array Technology PL (DArT) marker data were used to generate similarity matrices with Dice's similarity coefficients. Cluster analysis from these results showed that the unknown-origin MR accessions grouped with accessions from Ethiopia. Susceptible accessions of unknown origin were genetically similar to accessions from western Asia, especially near the Caucasus, and from both southern and northern Europe. Based on similarity of marker profiles, some accessions from the core collection are likely duplicates. Future work will seek to identify the probable origin of the remainder of the unknown origin accessions and to more thoroughly characterize the genetic diversity within NSGC barley core subset. C1 [Bonman, J. Michael; Jackson, Eric W.; Bockelman, Harold E.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Gu, Yong; Coleman-Derr, Devon] ARS, UDSA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bonman, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Mike.Bonman@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 58 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9574-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 721CD UT WOS:000287328200010 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Jenkins, D AF Goenaga, Ricardo Jenkins, David TI Yield and Fruit Quality Traits of Rambutan Cultivars Grafted onto a Common Rootstock and Grown at Two Locations in Puerto Rico SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soluble solids concentration; Nephelium lappaceum; yield ID DOLABRA-NEPHELIAE; LITCHI AB The globalization of the economy, increased ethnic diversity, and a greater demand for healthy and more diverse food products have opened a window of opportunity for the commercial production and marketing of tropical fruit, including rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). There is a lack of formal experimentation to determine yield performance and fruit quality traits of rambutan cultivars. Eight rambutan cultivars (Benjai, Gula Batu, Jitlee, R-134, R-156Y, R-162, R-167, and Rongxen) grown on an Ultisol and an Oxisol soils were evaluated for 5 years at Corozal and Isabela, PR, respectively. There was a significant difference in the number and weight of fruit per hectare between locations, averaging 415,103 fruit/ha and 13,826 kg.ha(-1), respectively, at Corozal and 167,504 fruit/ha and 5149 kg.ha(-1), respectively, at Isabela. At Corozal, 'R162' had the highest 5-year mean for number and weight of fruit per hectare, but this cultivar was not significantly different from the rest except for 'Benjai' and 'R-156Y', which had significantly lower values. At Isabela, cultivars Gula Batu and R-162 had significantly higher number of fruit per hectare but the latter was not different from 'Benjai'. Overall, there were no differences in soluble solids concentration except for cultivars Gula Batu and R-156Y, which had significantly lower values at both locations. Cultivar R-162 had higher number and weight of fruit per hectare and high soluble solids concentration at both locations, making it suitable for planting in various agroenvironments particularly on Ultisols typical of the humid tropics. C1 [Goenaga, Ricardo; Jenkins, David] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM Ricardo.Goenaga@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 727AT UT WOS:000287770400019 ER PT J AU Dorhout, DL Sappington, TW Lewis, LC Rice, ME AF Dorhout, D. L. Sappington, T. W. Lewis, L. C. Rice, M. E. TI Flight behaviour of European corn borer infected with Nosema pyrausta SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; dispersal; flight mill; microsporidia; wing length ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; BLACK CUTWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TRANSGENIC BT CROPS; GENE FLOW; NONTARGET ARTHROPODS; SPRUCE BUDWORM; FIELD CORN; NOCTUIDAE AB The microsporidian Nosema pyrausta Paillot is a common and widespread pathogen of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in North America and Europe. Nosema negatively affects European corn borer longevity and fecundity. In this study, we used flight mills to examine the effects of Nosema infection on flight activity of unmated males and females at 1 and 3 days after pupal eclosion, taking the level of infection, as measured by number of Nosema spores per mg of tissue, into consideration. Nosema infection had a significant negative effect on distance, duration and speed of the longest uninterrupted flight, as well as on total distance and duration of flight of 1-day-old males, but not of 3-day-old males or females of either age. However, when insects with a light infection (< 15 spores/mg) were pooled with uninfected moths, significant negative effects of a moderate/heavy infection (>= 15 spores/mg) were observed for most flight parameters in 1-day-old, but not 3-day-old, moths of both sexes. The magnitude of reduction was often substantial: e.g., distance and duration were sevenfold, and 3.5-fold less, respectively, in 1-day-old females with a moderate/heavy infection. Flight distance and duration were significantly negatively correlated with level of Nosema infection in 1-day-old, but not 3-day-old, moths of both sexes. The percentage of moths of either sex or age with a moderate/heavy Nosema infection flying given distances was less than that of lightly infected (< 15 spores/mg) moths. Among uninfected adults, forewing length was positively correlated with several measures of flight performance in males, but not females. However, some performance measures were correlated with wing length in females when infected with Nosema. Nosema infection was associated with reduced adult weight, but not forewing length, suggesting that negative effects of Nosema infection on flight performance are related to reduced energy reserves rather than smaller body size per se. C1 [Dorhout, D. L.; Rice, M. E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. [Dorhout, D. L.; Sappington, T. W.; Lewis, L. C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Genet Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CICGRU Genet Lab, Isu Ames, IA USA. EM tom.sappington@ars.usda.gov NR 96 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01523.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705EW UT WOS:000286112700004 ER PT J AU Bernklau, EJ Bjostad, LB Hibbard, BE AF Bernklau, E. J. Bjostad, L. B. Hibbard, B. E. TI Synthetic feeding stimulants enhance insecticide activity against western corn rootworm larvae, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; insect behaviour; tefluthrin; thiamethoxam; western corn rootworm ID UNDECIMPUNCTATA-HOWARDI; THIAMETHOXAM; SURVIVAL; BARBER AB In bioassays, the addition of a synthetic feeding stimulant blend improved the efficacy of the insecticide thiamethoxam against neonate western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larvae. In 4-h bioassays, the concentration of thiamethoxam required for 50% mortality (LC(50)) was 2800 pg/ml for the insecticide alone, but was reduced to 0.0075 pg/ml when the synthetic feeding stimulant blend was added (more than a 100,000-fold difference). Dilutions of thiamethoxam and tefluthrin (ranging from 0 pg/ml to 10 mu g/ml) were tested in behavioural bioassays alone and in conjunction with a feeding stimulant blend containing 30 : 4 : 4 : 1 mg/ml glucose : fructose : sucrose : linoleic acid. Larvae were placed on insecticide-treated filter paper disks in an arena that allowed them to leave the treated area at will. In 30-min bioassays, and in 4-h bioassays, significantly more larvae fed on thiamethoxam-treated disks when the feeding stimulant blend was present for every concentration of insecticide tested. Larvae fed readily on disks treated with tefluthrin when the feeding stimulants were added, but the feeding stimulant blend did not affect the activity of tefluthrin insecticide at any concentration tested. C1 [Bernklau, E. J.; Bjostad, L. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hibbard, B. E.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Bernklau, EJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Bernklau@lamar.colostate.edu FU Biotechnology Risk Assessment Award [2006-33522-17716]; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [622] FX We would like to thank Catherine E. Savinelli, Syngenta Crop Protection for providing the technical thiamethoxam and tefluthrin. We thank Mark Ellersieck, Agricultural Experiment Station Statistician, University of Missouri, for assistance in analyzing the data. Funding for this project was provided by the Biotechnology Risk Assessment Award No. 2006-33522-17716 and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station project number 622. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01502.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705EW UT WOS:000286112700006 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Pickel, C Hawkins, L Abbott, C Hansen, R Hull, L AF Knight, A. L. Pickel, C. Hawkins, L. Abbott, C. Hansen, R. Hull, L. TI Monitoring oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and peach twig borer (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with clear delta-shaped traps SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone; stone fruits; terpinyl acetate; (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate ID MOLESTA BUSCK LEP.; CYDIA-MOLESTA; MATING DISRUPTION; PHEROMONE TRAPS; INCREASED CATCH; VOLATILES; ORCHARDS; PATTERNS; APPLE AB Field studies evaluated the relative performance of a clear versus several coloured (white, orange, and red) delta-shaped traps baited with sex pheromone or a food bait for two key moth pests of stone fruits: oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck); and peach twig borer (PTB), Anarsia lineatella Zeller. Preliminary studies in 2008 found that the clear was more effective than a coloured trap for G. molesta in a sex pheromone-treated peach orchard (OFM-MD); and for both species in an untreated (non-MD) peach orchard. Similarly, the clear outperformed the orange trap when both were baited with terpinyl acetate (TA) plus (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate lures. Studies were expanded during 2009 to include commercial orchards in WA, OR, CA, and PA. Trap comparisons with sex pheromone lures of G. molesta were more variable with clear outperforming coloured traps in three of six trials in non-MD orchards. The clear outperformed the coloured trap with sex pheromone lures for A. lineatella in all four non-MD orchards. Seasonal catches of G. molesta in sex pheromone-baited traps in OFM-MD orchards were < 0.3 moths per trap in all but one study with no significant difference found between traps. Seasonal catches of A. lineatella in PTB-MD orchards were generally low with both traps and significantly higher in clear traps in only one study. Traps baited with TA outperformed sex pheromone lures for G. molesta in OFM-MD peach orchards; and clear outperformed coloured traps. Clear traps baited with TA plus (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate caught significantly more G. molesta than similarly-baited red traps in an almond orchard and more than both trap types baited with TA alone. Catches of A. lineatella in the OFM/PTB-MD almond orchard were low with both lures in either trap. C1 [Knight, A. L.] ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Pickel, C.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Yuba City, CA USA. [Hawkins, L.; Abbott, C.] Suterra LLC, Bend, OR USA. [Hansen, R.] Hansen Consulting, Placerville, CA USA. [Hull, L.] Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM alan.knight@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA; California Tree Fruit Agreement, Sacramento, CA FX We would like to thank Brad Christianson, Tara Favilla, Chey Temple, and Duane Larson, USDA, ARS, Wapato, WA; Steve Wulfert, Suterra LLC, Chico, CA, Marilee Bayer, Suterra LLC, Yakima, WA; and Sara Goldman Smith and Gurminder Sandher. University of California, UCCE-Sutter/Yuba, CA for their help in setting up the field trials and collecting data. We also thank Drs. Tom Larsen and Carlos Reyes (Suterra LLC, Bend, OR) and Bill Lingren (Trece Inc., Adair, OK) for providing lures and traps. This work was partially supported by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA and the California Tree Fruit Agreement, Sacramento, CA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01538.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705EW UT WOS:000286112700011 ER PT J AU Taylor-Edwards, CC Burrin, DG Holst, JJ McLeod, KR Harmon, DL AF Taylor-Edwards, C. C. Burrin, D. G. Holst, J. J. McLeod, K. R. Harmon, D. L. TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases small intestinal blood flow and mucosal growth in ruminating calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glucagon-like peptide-2; small intestine; blood flow; calf ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; GUT PEPTIDES; NEONATAL PIGLETS; ENERGY-INTAKE; NITRIC-OXIDE; METABOLISM; SECRETION; SHEEP; MICE AB Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases small intestinal mass and blood flow in nonruminants but its effect in ruminants is unknown. Eight Holstein calves with an ultrasonic flow probe around the superior mesenteric artery and catheters in the carotid artery and mesenteric vein were paired by age and randomly assigned to treatment of a control (0.5% of BSA in saline; n = 4) or GLP-2 (50 mu g/kg of body weight of bovine GLP-2 in BSA; n = 4) given subcutaneously every 12 h for 10 d. Blood flow was measured on d 0 (acute) and d 10 (chronic) and included 3 periods: baseline (saline infusion), treatment (infusion of BSA or 1,000 pmol of GLP-2/kg of body weight per h), and recovery (saline infusion). On d 11, calves were killed 2 h after injection of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Gastrointestinal tissues were weighed and epithelial samples were obtained to determine villus height, crypt depth, and BrdU staining. Infusion of GLP-2 increased superior mesenteric artery blood flow to 175% of baseline on d 0 but to only 137% of baseline after chronic treatment. Compared with that of the control, GLP-2 increased small intestinal mass by 24% by increasing epithelial mass in the jejunum and ileum. Additionally,. GLP-2 increased villus height, crypt depth, and BrdU-labeling in small intestinal segments. These results demonstrate that GLP-2 induces similar increases in small intestinal blood flow and growth in ruminants to those observed in nonruminants. Furthermore, GLP-2 increases small intestinal blood flow in ruminants but this response is attenuated after 10 d of GLP-2 administration. In cattle, GLP-2 may be an important hormone in the regulation of intestinal blood flow and epithelial growth. C1 [Taylor-Edwards, C. C.; McLeod, K. R.; Harmon, D. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Burrin, D. G.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Holst, J. J.] Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Biomed Sci, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Harmon, DL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dharmon@uky.edu OI Holst, Jens Juul/0000-0001-6853-3805 FU Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [10-07-065]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001]; USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine [58-6250-6-001]; Texas Children's Hospital; Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH) [P30 DK-56338] FX The authors express gratitude to Julie Cannon, Melissa Hudson, Samer El-Kadi, Alma True, Jimmy Klotz, Anne Koontz, and Anne Ballou (University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY) for assistance with tissue collection, to Winston Lin (University of Kentucky) for plasma analysis assistance, and to Xioayan Chang and Leiwei Cui (USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX) for assistance with immunohistochemistry and morphology measurements. Partial support for this research was provided by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is Publication No. 10-07-065. This work was also supported by federal funds from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6-001 between USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital and by Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH Grant P30 DK-56338). This manuscript was written by C. C. Taylor-Edwards in her private capacity. No official support or endorsement by the FDA is intended or should be inferred. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 94 IS 2 BP 888 EP 898 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3540 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 709AN UT WOS:000286407600034 PM 21257057 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE Wood, BW AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Cottrell, Ted E. Wood, Bruce W. TI Effects of Combining Microbial and Chemical Insecticides on Mortality of the Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; carbaryl; cypermethrin; Curculio caryae; Steinernema ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; CARYAE COLEOPTERA; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; FUNGI; VIRULENCE; LARVAE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a key pest of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. Current control recommendations are based on chemical insecticide applications. Microbial control agents such as the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin occur naturally in southeastern U.S. pecan orchards and have shown promise as alternative control agents for C. caryae. Conceivably, the chemical and microbial agents occur simultaneously within pecan orchards or might be applied concurrently. The objective of this study was to determine the interactions between two chemical insecticides that are used in commercial C. caryae control (i.e., carbaryl and cypermethrin applied below field rates) and the microbial agents B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae. In laboratory experiments, pecan weevil larval or adult mortality was assessed after application of microbial or chemical treatments applied singly or in combination (microbial + chemical agent). The nature of interactions (antagonism, additivity, or synergy) in terms of weevil mortality was evaluated over 9 d (larvae) or 5 d (adults). Results for B. bassiana indicated synergistic activity with carbaryl and antagonism with cypermethrin in C. caryae larvae and adults. For S. carpocapsae, synergy was detected with both chemicals in C. caryae larvae, but only additive effects were detected in adult weevils. Our results indicate that the chemical-microbial combinations tested are compatible with the exception of B. bassiana and cypermethrin. In addition, combinations that exhibited synergistic interactions may provide enhanced C. caryae control in commercial field applications; thus, their potential merits further exploration. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Cottrell, Ted E.; Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM david.shapiro@ars.usda.gov FU Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission FX We thank Kathy Halat for technical assistance. This research was, supported in part by a grant from the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1603/EC10303 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800002 PM 21404833 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Frake, AM Rinderer, TE Arbogast, RT AF de Guzman, Lilia I. Frake, Amanda M. Rinderer, Thomas E. Arbogast, Richard T. TI Effect Of Height and Color on the Efficiency of Pole Traps for Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; out-hive traps; in-hive traps; white trap; polyvinyl chloride trap ID SMALL HIVE BEETLE; HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; MURRAY; VOLATILES; SCOLYTIDAE; DOUGH AB Olfactory cues released by adult bees, brood, pollen, and honey from a honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colony are the primary stimuli that guide the beetle Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to host colonies. To investigate the response of adult A. tumida to visual stimuli, we tested the influence of color and height on trap efficiency. Two pole trap colors (black and white) were evaluated at three heights (46 cm, 1 m, and 3 m) from October 2008 to December 2009. A. tumida were trapped in the greatest numbers between 17 April and 15 May 2009. The lowest numbers were captured during the winter and fall. The trapping results showed that both color and trap height significantly influenced capture. The average catch in the white traps (mean +/- SE, +/- 2.47 +/- 0.30) was significantly higher than that of the black traps (1.53 +/- 0.29) probably because white is more reflective than black. Among the heights evaluated, there were more beetles caught when traps were positioned at 46 cm (the same height as the entrance of the hives) with 3.07 +/- 0.51 beetles compared with beetles captured at 1 m (1.88 +/- 0.30) or 3 m (1.06 +/- 0.18) high. Male and female beetles exhibited similar responses to trap color and height. The relationship between the numbers of beetles in colonies and capture rates in traps was very poor and did not provide a basis to evaluate trap efficiency. In addition, because capture rates seemed generally low in relationship to the number of beetles in the apiary, substantial improvements to the trap may be necessary. C1 [de Guzman, Lilia I.; Frake, Amanda M.; Rinderer, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Arbogast, Richard T.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM lilia.deguzman@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1603/EC10300 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800004 PM 21404835 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Shapiro-Ilan, DI Horton, DL Mizell, RF AF Cottrell, T. E. Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. Horton, D. L. Mizell, R. F., III TI Laboratory Virulence and Orchard Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Lesser Peachtree Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon pictipes; Steinernema carpocapsae; Heterorhabditis; peach; Prunus persicae ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; HOST AGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SUPPRESSION AB The lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is indigenous to eastern North America. It is a pest of commercially grown Prunus spp., especially to southeastern peach orchards where earlier regulatory changes affected pesticide use on peach leading to increased S. pictipes damage. Pest management practices are now having a positive effect toward control of this pest, but cost-competitive biological control solutions that promote environmental stewardship are needed. Here, we tested four Steinernema species and five Heterorhabditis species of entomopathogenic nematodes against larval S. pictipes. Included were four strains of S. carpocapsae (All, DD136, Sal, and Hybrid2) and three strains of S. riobrave (3-8b, 7-12, and 355). Larvae treated with any strain of S. carpocapsae always resulted in <20% survival, whereas larval survival was always >50% when treated with any other Steinernema or Heterorhabditis spp. These differences were always significant for the Hybrid2 strain of S. carpocapsae and similarly for other tested S. carpocapsae strains except for when larvae were treated with the 3-8b strain of S. riobrave. In addition, we determined the susceptibility of different size S. pictipes larvae, because they occur simultaneously in orchards, and we found that larvae rated as "medium" and "large" were significantly more susceptible than "small" larvae. Last, we demonstrated that moisture-retaining covers (placed over S. pictipes-infested wounds on peach limbs) increased efficacy of nematode treatments against larval S. pictipes. Even when using highly virulent nematodes against S. pictipes, it is likely that an aboveground application will require an environmental modification to remain efficacious. C1 [Cottrell, T. E.; Shapiro-Ilan, D. I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Horton, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mizell, R. F., III] Univ Florida, NFREC, Dept Entomol, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM ted.cottrell@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES [34381-16937] FX We thank A. Amis, R. Auman, W. Evans, K. Halat, K. Owusu, and C. Paulsen (USDA-ARS-SEFTNRL, Byron, GA) and M. Thomas (University of Georgia) for providing technical assistance. This study was supported in part by USDA-CSREES PMAP grant 34381-16937. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1603/EC10137 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800007 PM 21404838 ER PT J AU Mangan, RL Thomas, DB Moreno, AT Robacker, D AF Mangan, Robert L. Thomas, Donald B. Moreno, Aleena Tarshis Robacker, David TI Grapefruit as a Host for the West Indian Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host status; Tephritidae; Rutaceae; flavedo; albedo ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; NONHOST STATUS; INFESTATION; BEHAVIOR AB The most common hosts for the West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are fruit in the family Anacardiaceae (mango [Mangifera L.] and mombin [Spondias L.] species). However, similar to many of the tropical fruit flies of major economic importance, this species attacks several other families of crop fruit, including Annonaceae (cherimoya, Annona cherimola Mill.), Myrtaceae (guava, Psidium L.), Oxalidaceae (carambola, Averrhoa carambola L.), Passifloraceae (granadilla, Passiflora quadrangularis Mill.), and Sapotaceae [mamey sapote, Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn]. In the family Rutaceae the economically important genus Citrus has been reported and until recently considered a host for this fruit fly. In this study, we reviewed the taxonomy of A. obliqua, tested specific chemicals that may inhibit oviposition, compared egg-to-adult survival of A. obliqua on preferred hosts and on grapefruit (Citrus X paradisi Macfad.), and measured fruit tissue-specific developmental rates of A. obliqua and the known citrus breeding Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), from egg to pupae. Our literature review shows much confusion concerning the taxonomy of this and related Anastrepha species, including synonymies and confusion with other species. The deterrent effect of the highest concentration of flavonoids for oviposition, although significant, was not absolute. Experiments carried out under laboratory conditions showed 15-40 times greater survival of A. ludens (whose preferred hosts include Rutaceae) on grapefruit compared with A. obliqua for both tree attached and harvested fruit. Experiments of survival of developing stages over time showed that the two species oviposit into different tissues in the fruit, and mortality is much higher for the West Indian fruit fly in the flavedo and albedo of the fruit compared with the Mexican fruit fly. C1 [Mangan, Robert L.; Thomas, Donald B.; Moreno, Aleena Tarshis; Robacker, David] USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Mangan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM robert.mangan@ars.usda.gov RI Al Adawi, Ali/H-4593-2011 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1603/EC09220 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800008 PM 21404839 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Thomas, DB AF Hallman, Guy J. Thomas, Donald B. TI Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Methyl Bromide Fumigation Schedule Against Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Citrus Fruit SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; phytosanitary; quarantine; commodity treatment AB Methyl bromide fumigation is widely used as a phytosanitary treatment. Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a quarantine pest of several fruit, including citrus (Citrus spp.), exported from Texas, Mexico, and Central America. Recently, live larvae have been found with supposedly correctly fumigated citrus fruit. This research investigates the efficacy of the previously approved U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service treatment schedule: 40 g/m(3) methyl bromide at 21-29.4 degrees C for 2 h. Tolerance of A. ludens to methyl bromide in descending order when fumigated in grapefruit (Citrus X paradisi Macfad.) is third instar > second instar > first instar > egg. Two infestation techniques were compared: insertion into fruit of third instars reared in diet and oviposition by adult A. ludens into fruit and development to the third instar. Inserted larvae were statistically more likely to survive fumigation than oviposited larvae. When fruit were held at ambient temperature, 0.23 +/- 0.12% of larvae were still observed to be moving 4 d postfumigation. Temperatures between 21.9 and 27.2 degrees C were positively related to efficacy measured as larvae moving 24 h after fumigation, pupariation, and adult emergence. Coating grapefruit with Pearl Lustr 2-3 h before fumigation did not significantly affect the proportion of third instars moving 24 h after fumigation, pupariating, or emerging as adults. In conclusion, fumigation with 40 g/m(3) methyl bromide for 2 h at fruit temperatures >26.7 degrees C is not found to be inefficacious for A. ludens. Although a few larvae may be found moving >24 h postfumigation, they do not pupariate. C1 [Hallman, Guy J.; Thomas, Donald B.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM guy.hallman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-APHIS-CPHST, Raleigh, NC FX We thank Roberto Rivas, Julia Olivares, and Yadira Blanco (USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX) for technical assistance. We thank John Worley (USDA-APHIS, Mission, TX; retired) for supplying Mexican fruit flies; Alan V. Barak (USDA-APHIS-CPHST, Buzzards Bay, MA) for assisting with methyl bromide dosimetry; and Barak and Neil Heather (University of Queensland, Australia) for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was supported by a grant from the USDA-APHIS-CPHST, Raleigh, NC. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1603/EC10199 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800009 PM 21404840 ER PT J AU Barak, AV Elder, P Fraser, I AF Barak, Alan V. Elder, Peggy Fraser, Ivich TI Low-Temperature Methyl Bromide Fumigation of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Ash Logs SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus; Fraxinus; fumigation; quarantine; methyl bromide ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; WOOD PACKING MATERIAL; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; SULFURYL FLUORIDE; BAMBOO POLES; CERAMBYCIDAE; INSECTS; FOREST AB Ash (Fraxinus spp.) logs, infested with fully developed, cold-acclimated larval and prepupal emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), were fumigated with methyl bromide (MeBr) at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees C for 24 h. Concentrations X time dosages of MeBr obtained were 1,579 and 1,273 g-h/m(3) (24-h exposure) at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees C after applied doses of 112 and 96 g/m(3), respectively. MeBr concentrations were simultaneously measured with a ContainIR infrared monitor and Fumiscope thermal conductivity meter calibrated for MeBr to measure the effect of CO(2) on Fumiscope concentration readings compared with the infrared (IR) instrument. The presence of CO(2) caused false high MeBr readings. With the thermal conductivity meter, CO(2) measured 11.36 g/m(3) MeBr per 1% CO(2) in clean air, whereas the gas-specific infrared ContainIR instrument measured 9.55% CO(2) as 4.2 g/m3 MeBr (0.44 g/m3 per 1% CO(2)). The IR instrument was 0.4% as sensitive to CO(2) as the thermal conductivity meter. After aeration, fumigated and control logs were held for 8 wk to capture emerging beetles. No A. planipennis adults emerged from any of the fumigated logs, whereas 262 emerged from control logs (139 and 123/m(2) at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees C, respectively). An effective fumigation dose and minimum periodic MeBr concentrations are proposed. The use of a CO(2) scrubber in conjunction with nonspecific thermal conductivity instruments is necessary to more accurately measure MeBr concentrations. C1 [Barak, Alan V.; Elder, Peggy] USDA APHIS PPQ, Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Fraser, Ivich] USDA APHIS PPQ, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP Barak, AV (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ, Otis Lab, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM afbarak@verizon.net FU USDA-APHIS-PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology [T5EO1] FX We thank the staff at the APHIS-PPQ Emerald Ash Borer Laboratory, Brighton, MI, for valuable support. We also thank David Lance (APHIS-PPQ), Yong-Biao Liu (USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA), and Maribel Hurtado (APHIS-PPQ, International Services) for helpful review of this manuscript. This research was supported by USDA-APHIS-PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology project T5EO1. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1603/EC10130 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800010 PM 21404841 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Kramer, M Jaramillo, J AF Vega, Fernando E. Kramer, Matthew Jaramillo, Juliana TI Increasing Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Female Density in Artificial Diet Decreases Fecundity SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial rearing; bark beetles; Hypothenemus hampei; host-marking pheromones ID FRUIT-MARKING PHEROMONE; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; DIPTERA-TEPHRITIDAE; HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI; HOST-MARKING; PINE-BEETLE; OVIPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; INSECTS; WEEVIL AB Three experiments were conducted to determine the influence of number of coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), females (one, two, or five) reared in artificial diet on fecundity and subsequent development of larvae, pupae, and adults. Our results demonstrated that increasing female density from one to two or five individuals did not result in the expected two- or five-fold increase in progeny, despite ample food resources available. Instead, decreased fecundity was observed with increasing density for all experiments. The mechanism reducing fecundity was not identified, but possibly, volatiles are being produced (e.g., host-marking pheromones). The decrease in fecundity may explain why infestations of only one colonizing female per berry are the norm in the field. C1 [Vega, Fernando E.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jaramillo, Juliana] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Jaramillo, Juliana] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fernando.vega@ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1603/EC10353 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800013 PM 21404844 ER PT J AU Grant, GG Poland, TM Ciaramitaro, T Lyons, DB Jones, GC AF Grant, Gary G. Poland, Therese M. Ciaramitaro, Tina Lyons, D. Barry Jones, Gene C. TI Comparison of Male and Female Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Responses to Phoebe Oil and (Z)-3-Hexenol Lures in Light Green Prism Traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE (Z)-3-hexenol; phoebe oil; green prism traps; ash canopy; monitoring ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; COL.; VOLATILES AB We conducted trapping experiments for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Michigan, USA, and Ontario, Canada, to compare unbaited light green sticky prism traps with traps baited with phoebe oil, (Z)-3-hexenol (Z3-6:OH), or blends of other green leaf volatiles (GLVs) with Z3-6:OH. Traps were placed in the lower canopy of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Catches with Z3-6:OH-baited traps showed a significant male bias and these traps caught significantly more males than the unbaited controls at both sites. They were also superior to phoebe oil-baited traps and those baited with GLV blends. Catches with phoebe oil showed a significant female bias but there was no difference in the number of females captured between traps baited with phoebe oil or Z3-6:OH lures. Catches were analyzed at regular time intervals to examine the response of A. planipennis to the lures over the course of the flight season. Z3-6:OH-baited traps consistently caught more males than the controls at each interval throughout the flight season. Catches of females with Z3-6:OH and phoebe oil were significantly better than the controls early in the flight season but declined to control levels by midseason. Our results suggest that Z3-6:OH-baited green traps placed in the ash canopy would be a superior lure for detecting and monitoring A. planipennis throughout the flight season. C1 [Grant, Gary G.; Lyons, D. Barry; Jones, Gene C.] Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Poland, Therese M.; Ciaramitaro, Tina] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Lyons, DB (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM blyons@ncran.gc.ca FU USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area Forest Health and Protection FX We thank Spenser Bradley and Monica Hufnagel in Michigan, Ashton Kent, Meghan Rains, Jake St. Amour, and Krista Ryall in Ontario for assistance in the field and in the laboratory. We thank R. Morrison for permission to use his ash plantation. We also thank Arthur Retnakaran for helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding for the study in Michigan was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area Forest Health and Protection. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1603/EC10197 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800024 PM 21404855 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, Wee L. TI Mortality and Oviposition of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Exposed to Different Insecticide Baits for Varying Periods in the Presence and Absence of Food SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; reproductively mature flies; spinosad bait; neonicotinoid insecticides; sucrose ID RHAGOLETIS-INDIFFERENS DIPTERA; BLUEBERRY MAGGOT DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT; FLIES DIPTERA; PROTEIN BAITS; FEEDING RESPONSES; SPINOSAD BAIT; MELON FLIES; POMONELLA; GF-120 AB Spinosad bait is used to control western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), by killing flies before they oviposit. However, effects of different insecticide baits on management of reproductively mature flies are largely unknown. Objectives here were to determine mortality and oviposition of reproductively mature R. indifferens exposed to different insecticide baits for varying periods in the presence and absence of dried yeast extract and sucrose food. Spinosad bait (spinosad in a mix of protein, sugar, and other ingredients) was compared with acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid in sucrose or Nu-Lure + sucrose bait. When flies were exposed to treatments and then offered cherries, Prunus avium (L.) L., for oviposition or when they were exposed to treatments and cherries simultaneously, both thiamethoxam bait and imidacloprid bait resulted in higher mortality and lower oviposition than spinosad bait and acetamiprid bait. Exposures to thiamethoxam bait and imidacloprid bait for six and 24 h were similarly effective, but 6-h exposures to spinosad bait and acetamiprid bait were less effective than 24-h exposures. There was little difference between sucrose and Nu-Lure + sucrose baits. When food was present, thiamethoxam bait and imidacloprid bait caused greater mortality and lower oviposition than spinosad bait and acetamiprid bait, but when food was absent, patterns were less consistent. Because of its ability to kill flies sooner after it is exposed to flies when food is present or absent, thiamethoxam or imidacloprid in sucrose or Nu-Lure bait may reduce infestations in cherries more than spinosad bait when mature R. indifferens are present in orchards. C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1603/EC10186 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800027 PM 21404858 ER PT J AU Higbee, BS Burks, CS AF Higbee, Bradley S. Burks, Charles S. TI Effect of Bait Formulation and Number of Traps on Detection of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Oviposition Using Egg Traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amyelois transitella; oviposition traps; monitoring; almonds; pistachios ID AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; PHEROMONE; ALMONDS; ABUNDANCE AB Egg traps are the primary tool for monitoring egg deposition of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and for timing treatments for this pest in almonds, Prunus amygdalus Batsch, and pistachios, Pistacia vera L. We compared, in almond and pistachio orchards, the number of eggs per trap in traps baited with almond meal, pistachio meal, or the current standard commercial bait. When considering cumulative eggs captured over an extended period, traps baited with pistachio meal prepared from previous-crop nuts generally captured a similar number of eggs compared with the commercial bait, and more eggs than those baited with almond meal prepared from previous-crop nuts. However, differences in eggs per trap between bait formulations were not as evident when examining individual weeks, particularly in weeks with few eggs per trap, as is typical when treatment decisions are made. The variance in eggs per trap was generally greater than the mean and increased with the mean and, when mean eggs per trap was low, most traps did not have eggs. We discuss implications of these findings for the relative importance of bait type and trap numbers for monitoring, and for experiments comparing egg trap performance. C1 [Burks, Charles S.] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Riverside, CA 93648 USA. [Higbee, Bradley S.] Paramt Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. RP Burks, CS (reprint author), ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave,644 Parlier, Riverside, CA 93648 USA. EM charles.burks@ars.usda.gov OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1603/EC10162 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800029 PM 21404860 ER PT J AU Taverner, PD Sutton, C Cunningham, NM Dyson, C Lucas, N Myers, SW AF Taverner, Peter D. Sutton, Clay Cunningham, Nancy M. Dyson, Chris Lucas, Nola Myers, Scott W. TI Efficacy of Several Insecticides Alone and With Horticultural Mineral Oils on Light Brown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Eggs SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epiphyas postvittana; ovicidal activity; reduced risk pesticides; petroleum oils AB The aim of the research was to identify efficacious and less environmentally harmful treatments than the standard chlorpyrifos sprays used for the control light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), eggs on nursery stock. A series of dip experiments showed a range of responses when comparing the efficacy of insecticides on egg hatch of E. postvittana. The insecticides that compared most favorably with chlorpyrifos were lambda-cyhalothrin and gamma-cyhalothrin, and thiacloprid. Indoxacarb, novaluron, and spinosad caused significant mortality only when combined with All Seasons mineral oil. All Seasons, showed ovicidal properties when evaluated alone and demonstrated adjuvant properties when combined with the above-mentioned insecticides, except gamma-cyhalothrin and thiacloprid. Several other horticultural mineral oils performed similarly, except the efficacy of spinosad varied with the oil product used, suggesting that the oil type selected is important for some insecticide and oil combinations. Several insecticides evaluated in this study are likely candidates for further work to develop treatments against E. postvittana eggs on nursery plants. Mineral oils are ovicidal and combinations with insecticides are likely to be advantageous. C1 [Taverner, Peter D.; Sutton, Clay; Cunningham, Nancy M.; Dyson, Chris; Lucas, Nola] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Myers, Scott W.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Taverner, PD (reprint author), S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Box 397 GPO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM peter.taverner@sa.gov.au FU USDA-APHIS-PPQ [T7B01] FX We thank Lou Maratos and Karolina Steciuk for technical assistance during the bioassays. We also thank the reviewers for helpful and useful comments. This research was supported by USDA-APHIS-PPQ Light Brown Apple Moth Program, Project T7B01. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.1603/EC10248 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800030 PM 21404861 ER PT J AU Olafson, PU Pitzer, JB Kaufman, PE AF Olafson, Pia U. Pitzer, Jimmy B. Kaufman, Phillip E. TI Identification of a Mutation Associated With Permethrin Resistance in the Para-Type Sodium Channel of the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys calcitrans; voltage-gated sodium channel; pyrethroid ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; FLIES DIPTERA; HORN FLIES; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; POINT MUTATIONS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; TREATED TARGETS; HOUSE-FLIES AB The insect sodium channel is of particular interest for evaluating resistance to pyrethroids because it is the target molecule for this major class of neurotoxic insecticides. The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), sodium channel coding sequence representing domains IS6 through IVS6 was isolated, and the sequence encoding domain II was compared among individuals of a laboratory strain selected for resistance to permethrin and the unselected, parental generation. A point mutation resulting in a leucine-to-histidine amino acid change was identified (Leu1014His), and its location corresponded with that observed for knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in other insects. As a result, the allele was designated kdr-his. A molecular assay was developed to assess the frequency of this mutation in genomic DNA of individual stable flies from the laboratory selections, which provided further evidence that the kdr-his allele accounts for the observed level of permethrin resistance in the selected strain. The assay was then used to evaluate the frequency of the mutation from five field-collected populations originating from three horse farms near Ocala, FL; one horse farm near Gainesville, FL; and one dairy farm near Hague, FL. Frequency of the kdr-his allele ranged from 0.46 to 0.78, supporting further investigation of allele prevalence throughout the stable fly season and in response to field insecticide application. C1 [Olafson, Pia U.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Pitzer, Jimmy B.; Kaufman, Phillip E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Olafson, PU (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM pia.olafson@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1603/EC10307 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800034 PM 21404865 ER PT J AU Joseph, SV Braman, SK Hanula, JL AF Joseph, S. V. Braman, S. K. Hanula, J. L. TI Effects of Fertilization of Four Hemlock Species on Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Growth and Feeding Preference of Predators SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemlock woolly adelgid; fertility; T. canadensis; T. heterophylla; T. mertensiana ID LARICOBIUS-NIGRINUS COLEOPTERA; MYZUS-PERSICAE; APHIS-GOSSYPII; UNITED-STATES; HOMOPTERA; NITROGEN; CANADENSIS; EASTERN; REPRODUCTION; INFESTATION AB Understanding how fertilization affects host resistance to hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is important because fertilizers are often used to grow resistant selections to a suitable size for testing. We evaluated four hemlock species (Tsuga) under three different fertilizer regimes to assess whether fertility affected resistance to the adelgid and to determine whether it affected feeding preferences of the adelgid predators Laricobius nigrinus Fender and Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji & McClure). Treatments were long-term fertilization (from June 2008 to June 2009), short-term fertilization (from March to June 2009), and no fertilizer. Fertilizer was applied biweekly with 240 pp m N by using water-soluble fertilizer (N-P-K, 20:20:20). Plants (>1 yr old) were artificially infested with adelgids on 31 March 2009. Among unfertilized hemlocks (n = 10 per species), foliar N was highest in Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carriere and lowest in T. chinensis (Franch) E. Pritz. Significantly more progredien ovisacs or sisten eggs were present on T. mertensiana than on the other hemlock species with none on unfertilized T. chinensis. A. tsugae adults on T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. were unaffected by fertility, but densities of developing A. tsugae nymphs were higher on unfertilized T. heterophylla plants than on fertilized T. heterophylla plants regardless of fertilizer treatment. Both L. nigrinus and S. tsugae consumed more adelgid eggs that developed on fertilized T. canadensis than from unfertilized plants. The predators did not exhibit this preference for adelgid eggs from females that developed on T. heterophylla or T. mertensiana. C1 [Joseph, S. V.; Braman, S. K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Hanula, J. L.] USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Joseph, SV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM shimat@uga.edu FU U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station SRS [4552] FX We appreciate the technical assistance provided by M. Mead and S. Shimat and that of J. Davis for providing valuable advice on statistical analysis of the data. We are grateful to J. Garner for support of this study at Mountain Research and Education Center, Blairsville, GA. We also are indebted to P. Arnold, G. Pettis, and L. Barnes for providing predatory beetles for our study. We thank D. Buntin, J. Ruberson, J. All, S. Muralidhara, and two anonymous reviewers for improvements to the manuscript. This project was funded by U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station SRS 4552. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1603/EC10163 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800039 PM 21404870 ER PT J AU Gill, TA Sandoya, G Williams, P Luthe, DS AF Gill, Torrence A. Sandoya, German Williams, Paul Luthe, Dawn S. TI Belowground Resistance to Western Corn Rootworm in Lepidopteran-Resistant Maize Genotypes SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rootworm; fall armyworm; Lepidoptera; maize; plant-herbivore interactions ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; PERITROPHIC MATRIX; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; TRANSGENIC CORN; CHRYSOMELIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; HERBIVORY; GROWTH AB Several maize, Zea mays L., inbred lines developed from an Antiguan maize population have been shown to exhibit resistance to numerous aboveground lepidopteran pests. This study shows that these genotypes are able to significantly reduce the survival of two root feeding pests, western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber. The results also demonstrated that feeding by the aboveground herbivore fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), before infestation by western corn rootworm reduced survivorship of western corn rootworm in the root tissues of some, but not all, genotypes. Likewise, the presence of western corn rootworm in the soil seemed to increase resistance to fall armyworm in the whorl in several genotypes. However, genotypes derived from the Antiguan germplasm with genetic resistance to lepidopterans were still more resistant to the fall armyworm and both rootworm species than the susceptible genotypes even after defense induction. These results suggest that there may be intraplant communication that alters plant responses to aboveground and belowground herbivores. C1 [Gill, Torrence A.; Sandoya, German; Luthe, Dawn S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Williams, Paul] Mississippi State Univ, Corn Host Plant Res Lab, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gill, TA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tagill@purdue.edu RI Sandoya, German/C-9890-2011; Sandoya, German/A-9426-2013 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1603/EC10117 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800040 PM 21404871 ER PT J AU Yu, C Subramanyam, B Flinn, PW Cwirtz, JA AF Yu, Chun Subramanyam, Bhadriraju Flinn, Paul W. Cwirtz, Jeffrey A. TI Susceptibility of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) Life Stages to Elevated Temperatures Used During Structural Heat Treatments SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide alternative; heat treatment; heat tolerance ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; LEPIDOPTERA; MORTALITY; PYRALIDAE; MILL AB Heat treatment of food-processing facilities involves using elevated temperatures (50-60 degrees C for 24-36 h) for management of stored-product insects. Heat treatment is a viable alternative to the fumigant methyl bromide, which is phased out in the United States as of 2005 because of its adverse effects on the stratospheric ozone. Very little is known about responses of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), a pest associated with food-processing facilities, to elevated temperatures. Responses of L. serricorne life stages to elevated temperatures were evaluated to identify the most heat-tolerant stage. Exposure of eggs, young larvae, old larvae, and adults during heat treatment of a food-processing facility did not clearly show a life stage to be heat tolerant. In the laboratory, exposure of eggs, young larvae, old larvae, pupae, and adults at fixed times to 46, 50, and 54 degrees C and 22% RH indicated eggs to be the most heat-tolerant stage. Time-mortality responses at each of these three temperatures showed that the time for 99% mortality (LT(99)) based on egg hatchability and egg-to-adult emergence was not significantly different from one another at each temperature. Egg hatchability alone can be used to determine susceptibility to elevated temperatures between 46 and 54 degrees C. The LT(99) based on egg hatchability and egg-to-adult emergence at 46 degrees C was 605 and 598 min, respectively, and it decreased to 190 and 166 min at 50 degrees C and 39 and 38 min at 54 degrees C. An exponential decay equation best described LT(99) as a function of temperature for pooled data based on egg hatchability and egg-to-adult emergence. Our results suggest that during structural heat treatments eggs should be used in bioassays for gauging heat treatment effectiveness, because treatments aimed at controlling eggs should be able to control all other L. serricorne life stages. C1 [Yu, Chun; Subramanyam, Bhadriraju; Cwirtz, Jeffrey A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Flinn, Paul W.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Subramanyam, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sbhadrir@k-state.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 FU USDA-CSREES [05-542-51102]; Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station [11-125-J] FX We thank the food-processing facility management for giving permission to conduct bioassays during scheduled heat treatments. We are grateful to Christos Athanassiou, George Opit, and Jesse Caplinger for help during the facility heat treatment. Research reported here was supported by a grant from USDA-CSREES Methyl Bromide Transitions Program under agreement 05-542-51102. This paper is contribution 11-125-J of the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1603/EC10067 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800042 PM 21404873 ER PT J AU Khamis, M Subramanyam, B Flinn, PW Dogan, H Gwirtz, JA AF Khamis, Moses Subramanyam, Bhadriraju Flinn, Paul W. Dogan, Hulya Gwirtz, Jeffrey A. TI Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Life Stages to Flameless Catalytic Infrared Radiation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored grain; nonchemical control; integrated pest management ID FARM-STORED WHEAT; PRODUCT INSECTS AB The susceptibility of various life stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a pest of stored wheat, Triticum aestivum L., to nameless catalytic infrared radiation in the 3-7-mu m range was evaluated in the laboratory. Immature stages were collected from flour infested with T. castaneum adults only for 1 d. Stages collected after 1 d represented eggs (collected on day 0); those collected after 7, 14, and 21 d from day 0 represented larvae in different developmental stages, whereas those collected after 24 d represented pupae. Adults (2 wk old) were collected after 42 d. Each of these stages was exposed for 45 or 60 s in 113.5 or 227.0 g of wheat at a distance of 8.0 or 12.7 cm from a bench top infrared emitter. The mean temperatures attained during exposures were measured continuously using a noncontact infrared thermometer connected to a computer. The mean grain temperatures attained increased with an increase in exposure time and were inversely related to distance from the emitter. Grain quantity least influenced mean temperatures attained. Pupae were the least susceptible stage and larvae collected after 7 d were the most susceptible stage. Variation in probability of death of various life stages decreased with an increase in mean grain temperatures attained. All life stages were killed after a 60-s exposure at a distance of 8.0 cm from the emitter in 113.5 g of wheat, where the mean +/- SE temperatures attained ranged from 107.6 +/- 1.2 to 111.4 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Our laboratory results using small grain quantities and short exposure times showed that flameless catalytic infrared radiation can be a valuable tool for managing insects in stored organic and nonorganic wheat. C1 [Khamis, Moses; Subramanyam, Bhadriraju; Dogan, Hulya; Gwirtz, Jeffrey A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Flinn, Paul W.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Subramanyam, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sbhadrir@k-state.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 FU USDA-CSREES; Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station [11-124-J] FX We thank Russell Taylor, Electronics Design Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, for developing the LabView program for real-time temperature data acquisition. Research reported here was supported by a grant from USDA-CSREES NC-IPM funds. This article is published as contribution 11-124-J of the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1603/EC10074 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800043 PM 21404874 ER PT J AU Solis-Soto, LY Garcia, S Wesley, I Heredia, N AF Solis-Soto, Luisa Y. Garcia, Santos Wesley, Irene Heredia, Norma TI A Charcoal- and Blood-Free Enrichment Broth for Isolation and PCR Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Chicken SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; THERMOTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTERS; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; SPP.; SAMPLES; POULTRY; MEDIA; INHIBITION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB The microaerophilic nature of Campylobacter and its requirement of similar to 5% O(2) for growth have complicated its recovery from foods. The addition to the enrichment media of oxygen quenchers such as charcoal or blood could interfere with PCR for its detection. In this study, a two-step simple aerobic method for Campylobacter detection is proposed. A modification of the Tran blood-free enrichment broth (BFEB), in which charcoal was excluded from the medium (M-BFEB), was compared with the original formulation and other enrichment broths. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were screened by PCR directly from the enrichment media. Various levels of pure cultures of C. jejuni and C. coil combined with Escherichia coli were inoculated into Preston, Bolton, BFEB, and the modified BFEB (M-BFEB). In addition, Campylobacter was inoculated onto retail purchased chicken skin and recovery was quantified. Rates of recovery after 24 to 48 h of enrichment at 42 C under aerobic incubation for BFEB and M-BFEB and microaerobic incubations for Preston and Bolton broths were determined. Overall, our results indicated that the most sensitive medium was Bolton's, followed by either BFEB or M-BFEB; the least sensitive was Preston's. M-BFEB was directly coupled to a PCR assay to detect Campylobacter, avoiding intermediate plating. Campylobacter was detected in the presence of up to 10(8) E. coli cells per ml. M-BFEB facilitated detection of both C. jejuni and C. coil artificially inoculated onto chicken skin samples. M-BFEB coupled to PCR is a rapid and attractive alternative for isolation and identification of C. coil and C. jejuni from poultry. C1 [Solis-Soto, Luisa Y.; Garcia, Santos; Heredia, Norma] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Wesley, Irene] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Heredia, N (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Apdo Postal 124-F,Ciudad Univ, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. EM norma@microbiosymas.com RI Garcia, Santos/F-5193-2010 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Mexico (CONACYT) FX This research was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Mexico (CONACYT). Luisa Solis was a CONACYT fellow. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 74 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-282 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719SD UT WOS:000287228400007 PM 21333141 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, Thomas P. TI Development and Validation of a Predictive Microbiology Model for Survival and Growth of Salmonella on Chicken Stored at 4 to 12 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH; RAW POULTRY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; AEROBIC CONDITIONS; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; SIMULATION-MODEL; COOKED CHICKEN; CONTAMINATION AB Salmonella spp. are a leading cause of foodborne illness. Mathematical models that predict Salmonella survival and growth on food from a low initial dose, in response to storage and handling conditions, are valuable tools for helping assess and manage this public health risk. The objective of this study was to develop and to validate the first predictive microbiology model for survival and growth of a low initial dose of Salmonella on chicken during refrigerated storage. Chicken skin was inoculated with a low initial dose (0.9 log) of a multiple antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (ATCC 700408) and then stored at 4 to 12 degrees C for 0 to 10 days. A general regression neural network (GRNN) model that predicted log change of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 as a function of time and temperature was developed. Percentage of residuals in an acceptable prediction zone, from - 1 (fail-safe) to 0.5 (fail-dangerous) log, was used to validate the GRNN model by using a criterion of 70% acceptable predictions. Survival but not growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was observed at 4 to 8 degrees C. Maximum growth of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 during 10 days of storage was 0.7 log at 9 degrees C, 1.1 log at 10 degrees C, 1.8 log at 11 degrees C, and 2.9 log at 12 degrees C. Performance of the GRNN model for predicting dependent data (n = 163) was 85% acceptable predictions, for predicting independent data for interpolation (n = 77) was 84% acceptable predictions, and for predicting independent data for extrapolation (n = 70) to Salmonella Kentucky was 87% acceptable predictions. Thus, the GRNN model provided valid predictions for survival and growth of Salmonella on chicken during refrigerated storage, and therefore the model can be used with confidence to help assess and manage this public health risk. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA, ARS,Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA, ARS,Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM Thomas.Oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 74 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-314 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719SD UT WOS:000287228400015 PM 21333149 ER PT J AU Rowland, E Schaefer, PW Belton, P Gries, G AF Rowland, E. Schaefer, P. W. Belton, P. Gries, G. TI Evidence for short-range sonic communication in lymantriine moths SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria monacha; Lymantria fumida; Lymantria mathura; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Lymantriinae; Acoustic communication; Short range orientation behaviour; Acoustic signals; Tympanate ear; Laser interferometry ID SEX-PHEROMONE; GYPSY-MOTH; TYMPANIC ORGAN; NOCTUID MOTHS; AUDITORY SYSTEMS; NOTODONTID MOTHS; LEPIDOPTERA; COMPONENTS; SOUND; SPECIFICITY AB Sexual communication of nun moth, Lymantria monacha (L), pink gypsy moth, Lymantria mathura Moore, and fumida tussock moth, Lymantria fumida Butler (all Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Lymantriinae), is known to be mediated by pheromones. We now show that males are attracted by the sounds of conspecific females over short distances and that wing fanning male and female L monacha, L. mathura and L fumida produce species- and sex-specific wing beat and associated click sounds that could contribute to reproductive isolation. Evidence for short-range communication in these lymantriines includes (i) scanning electron micrographs revealing metathoracic tympanate ears, (ii) laser interferometry showing particular sensitivity of tympana tuned to frequency components of sound signals from conspecifics, and (iii) phonotaxis of male L monacha and L. fumida to speakers playing back sound signals from conspecific females. We conclude that tympanate ears of these moths have evolved in response not only to bat predation, but also for short-range mate finding and possibly recognition. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rowland, E.; Belton, P.; Gries, G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Schaefer, P. W.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC-Industrial Research Chair; Contech Enterprises; SC Johnson Canada; Global Forest Science [GF-18-2007-226, GF-18-2007-227]; Canadian Food Inspection Agency FX We thank Tadao Gotoh for overwintering egg masses and Susan Barth for insect rearing; Stephen Takacs for programming of LabVIEW 7 Virtual Instruments utilized in sound recordings and playback; Michael Hayden for technical advice; Ian Russell for technical advice and inspiration to build the interferometer; Stevo DeMuth and Bob Birtch for graphical illustrations; Sophia Bohlke, Cory Campbell, Regine Cries, Melanie Hart, Zaid Jumean, and Sean McCann for assistance with sound or laser recordings; and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This research was funded by a CGS-M Canada Graduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to E.R., by an NSERC-Industrial Research Chair to G.G., with Contech Enterprises, SC Johnson Canada and Global Forest Science (GF-18-2007-226 and GF-18-2007-227) as industrial sponsors, and by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.11.017 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 717PD UT WOS:000287059000009 PM 21115014 ER PT J AU Willis, JD Oppert, B Oppert, C Klingeman, WE Jurat-Fuentes, JL AF Willis, Jonathan D. Oppert, Brenda Oppert, Cris Klingeman, William E. Jurat-Fuentes, Juan L. TI Identification, cloning, and expression of a GHF9 cellulase from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulase; Tribolium castaneum; GHF9; Cellulolytic activity; Endoglucanase; Biofuels ID MULBERRY LONGICORN BEETLE; TERMITE RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; APRIONA-GERMARI CELLULASE; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; PH OPTIMUM AB The availability of sequenced insect genomes has allowed for discovery and functional characterization of novel genes and proteins. We report use of the Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (red flour beetle) genome to identify, clone, express, and characterize a novel endo-beta-1,4-glucanase we named TcEG1 (T. castaneum endoglucanase 1). Sequence analysis of a full-length TcEG1 cDNA clone (1356 bp) revealed sequence homology to enzymes in glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9), and verified presence of a change (Gly for Ser) in the conserved catalytic domain for GHF9 cellulases. This TcEG1 cDNA clone was predicted to encode a 49.5 kDa protein with a calculated pl of 5.39. Heterologous expression of TcEG1 in Drosophila S2 cell cultures resulted in secretion of a 51-kDa protein, as determined by Western blotting. The expressed protein was used to characterize TcEG1 enzymatic activity against two cellulose substrates to determine its specificity and stability. Our data support that TcEG1 as a novel endo-beta-1,4-glucanase, the first functional characterization of a cellulase enzyme derived from an insect genome with potential applications in the biofuel industry due to its high relative activity at alkaline pH. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Willis, Jonathan D.; Oppert, Cris; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Klingeman, William E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Jurat-Fuentes, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr,205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jurat@utk.edu OI Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 FU Southeastern Sun Grant Center FX This research was supported by a grant from the Southeastern Sun Grant Center to JLJF and BO. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 2 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.11.019 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 717PD UT WOS:000287059000010 PM 21126522 ER PT J AU Crockett, SL Poller, B Tabanca, N Pferschy-Wenzig, EM Kunert, O Wedge, DE Bucar, F AF Crockett, Sara L. Poller, Birgit Tabanca, Nurhayat Pferschy-Wenzig, Eva-Maria Kunert, Olaf Wedge, David E. Bucar, Franz TI Bioactive xanthones from the roots of Hypericum perforatum (common St John's wort) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hypericaceae; Colletotrichum; anthracnose; Phomopsis; xanthones; anti-inflammatory ID COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; FATTY-ACIDS; INHIBITION; CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTIOXIDANT; GUTTIFERAE; RELEASE; FRUITS AB BACKGROUND: Extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (common St John's wort; Hypericaceae) are sold as phytopharmaceuticals and herbal supplements to treat mild to moderate depression and as food additives. Extensively cultivated in Europe, plants can be infected by anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), a virulent fungal pathogen that causes tissue necrosis and dramatically decreases crop value. Such infections triggered the production of new secondary metabolites, specifically xanthones, in cell culture experiments. RESULTS: Bioassay-guided fractionation of H. perforatum root extracts, testing for growth inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi from the genera Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Fusarium and Phomopsis, was performed. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX-catalyzed LTB(4) formation was also evaluated. Extracts were analyzed by various chromatographic means and structure elucidation was performed using data from nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: Researchers have previously described constituents from the aerial parts of this species, but few reports describe secondary metabolites found in underground parts, of particular interest because the lower stem and upper root are often sites of fungal infection. This work resulted in the isolation of three xanthones:1,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-4',5'-dihydro-4',4',5'-trimethylfurano-(2',3':3,4)-xanthone; 4,6-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone; and cis-kielcorin, one of which possessed novel bioactivity against species of Phomopsis and inhibited 5-LOX-mediated LTB(4) formation. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Crockett, Sara L.; Poller, Birgit; Pferschy-Wenzig, Eva-Maria; Bucar, Franz] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Dept Pharmacognosy, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, NPURU,Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Kunert, Olaf] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Inst Pharmaceut Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Crockett, SL (reprint author), Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Dept Pharmacognosy, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Univ Pl 4-1, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM sara.crockett@uni-graz.at OI Kunert, Olaf/0000-0002-7091-5973; Pferschy-Wenzig, Eva-Maria/0000-0001-8327-0732 FU Fonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) in Austria [M844-B05, T345-B05] FX We thank Elke Prettner for carrying out polarimetry experiments and Andrea Fleck for NMR sample assistance. The authors thank J Linda Robertson and Ramona Pace for assistance with the bioautography and microtiter assays. Thanks to Doris Lengauer at the Versuchsstation fur Spezialkulturen in Wies, Austria, for cultivation and harvesting of plants. Funds for S. Crockett were provided through a Lise-Meitner Stipend (M844-B05) and Hertha-Firnberg Stipend (T345-B05) from the Fonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) in Austria. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 91 IS 3 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4202 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 716EN UT WOS:000286952000005 PM 21218475 ER PT J AU Postek, MT Vladar, A Dagata, J Farkas, N Ming, B Wagner, R Raman, A Moon, RJ Sabo, R Wegner, TH Beecher, J AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras Dagata, John Farkas, Natalia Ming, Bin Wagner, Ryan Raman, Arvind Moon, Robert J. Sabo, Ronald Wegner, Theodore H. Beecher, James TI Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; nanofibers; nanocrystal; microscopy; standards; metrology; measurement ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC-MODULUS; NATIVE CELLULOSE; WHISKERS; NANOPARTICLES; STABILIZATION; CONSTANTS AB The development of metrology for nanoparticles is a significant challenge. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are one group of nanoparticles that have high potential economic value but present substantial challenges to the development of the measurement science. Even the largest trees owe their strength to this newly appreciated class of nanomaterials. Cellulose is the world's most abundant natural, renewable, biodegradable polymer. Cellulose occurs as whisker-like microfibrils that are biosynthesized and deposited in plant material in a continuous fashion. The nanocrystals are isolated by hydrolyzing away the amorphous segments leaving the acid resistant crystalline fragments. Therefore, the basic raw material for new nanomaterial products already abounds in nature and is available to be utilized in an array of future materials. However, commercialization requires the development of efficient manufacturing processes and nanometrology to monitor quality. This paper discusses some of the instrumentation, metrology and standards issues associated with the ramping up for production and use of CNCs. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras; Dagata, John; Farkas, Natalia; Ming, Bin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wagner, Ryan; Raman, Arvind; Moon, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert J.; Sabo, Ronald; Wegner, Theodore H.; Beecher, James] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM postek@nist.gov FU US Forest Service; Purdue University FX The authors would like to thank US Forest Service and Purdue University for partially funding this project. They are grateful to Professors Jeff Capadona and Stuart Rowan from Case Western University and Christoph Weder from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland for providing the tunicate CNCs used in the SPM nanomechanics testing. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 38 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 024005 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/024005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200006 ER PT J AU Margam, VM Coates, BS Ba, MN Sun, WL Binso-Dabire, CL Baoua, I Ishiyaku, MF Shukle, JT Hellmich, RL Covas, FG Ramasamy, S Armstrong, J Pittendrigh, BR Murdock, LL AF Margam, Venu M. Coates, Brad S. Ba, Malick N. Sun, Weilin Binso-Dabire, Clementine L. Baoua, Ibrahim Ishiyaku, Mohammad F. Shukle, John T. Hellmich, Richard L. Covas, Fernando G. Ramasamy, Srinivasan Armstrong, Joel Pittendrigh, Barry R. Murdock, Larry L. TI Geographic distribution of phylogenetically-distinct legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Legume pod borer; cox1; Barcoding; Population genetics; Maruca ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PARASITOID FLIES DIPTERA; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; COII GENE-SEQUENCES; ASIAN CORN-BORER; FABRICIUS LEPIDOPTERA; DNA BARCODES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ASTRAPTES-FULGERATOR; OSTRINIA-FURNACALIS AB Maruca vitrata Fabricius is a pantropical lepidopteran pest of legumes. Phylogenetic analysis of a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase-I gene (cox1) fragment indicates that three Maruca sp. mitochondrial lineages have unique geographic distributions [lineages 1 and 2: Australia, Taiwan, and West Africa (Niger, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso), and lineage 3: Puerto Rico]. The haplotype (T30, T114) is specific to lineages 1&2 and was assayed by NsiI and SacI polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) within population samples; it was not observed in the Puerto Rican samples, but was nearly fixed among samples from West Africa, Australia and Taiwan (85.5-100%). Re-sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of PCR-RFLP defined cox1 haplotypes indicate that nucleotide diversity is highest among samples from West Africa. Phylogenetic reconstruction based upon ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) sequences provided additional evidence for three Maruca sp. clades. These data suggest that multiple unique Maruca species or subspecies are present worldwide, which has implications for the management of this pest species-complex. C1 [Margam, Venu M.; Shukle, John T.; Murdock, Larry L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Coates, Brad S.; Hellmich, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ba, Malick N.; Binso-Dabire, Clementine L.] Inst Environm & Rech Agr INERA, Stn Kamboinse, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso. [Sun, Weilin; Pittendrigh, Barry R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Baoua, Ibrahim] Inst Natl Rech Agron Niger, Maradi, Niger. [Ishiyaku, Mohammad F.] Ahmadu Bello Univ, Inst Agr Res, Dept Plant Sci, Zaria, Nigeria. [Covas, Fernando G.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Ramasamy, Srinivasan] AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, Tainan, Taiwan. [Armstrong, Joel] CSIRO Entomol, Black Mt, ACT, Australia. RP Margam, VM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St,Smith Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM vmargam@purdue.edu RI Armstrong, Joel/E-6873-2011; Margam, Venu/E-5876-2010; Ba, Malick/I-8557-2012 FU U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); Purdue University; Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development FX This project was supported by a U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) funding to LLM, BRP, IB, CBD, and MFI. VM was supported by a dissertation fellowship from Purdue University. Funding support to BRP, CBD, MB, IB, LLM, and MFI was also partly provided from Dry Grains Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) by the Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s11033-010-0182-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 709WR UT WOS:000286472600027 PM 20496006 ER PT J AU van Diepen, LTA Lilleskov, EA Pregitzer, KS AF van Diepen, Linda T. A. Lilleskov, Erik A. Pregitzer, Kurt S. TI Simulated nitrogen deposition affects community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in northern hardwood forests SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; community structure; forest; nitrogen; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; sugar maple (Acer saccharum) ID FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; FERTILIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; COLONIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; GRASSLANDS; ADDITIONS; ALIGNMENT AB Our previous investigation found elevated nitrogen deposition caused declines in abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with forest trees, but little is known about how nitrogen affects the AMF community composition and structure within forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that N deposition would lead to significant changes in the AMF community structure. We studied the diversity and community structure of AMF in northern hardwood forests after more than 12 years of simulated nitrogen deposition. We performed molecular analyses on maple (Acer spp.) roots targeting the 18S rDNA region using the fungal-specific primers AM1 and NS31. PCR products were cloned and identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing. N addition significantly altered the AMF community structure, and Glomus group A dominated the AMF community. Some Glomus operational taxonomic units (OTUs) responded negatively to N inputs, whereas other Glomus OTUs and an Acaulospora OTU responded positively to N inputs. The observed effect on community structure implies that AMF species associated with maples differ in their response to elevated nitrogen. Given that functional diversity exists among AMF species and that N deposition has been shown to select less beneficial fungi in some ecosystems, this change in community structure could have implications for the functioning of this type of ecosystem. C1 [van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP van Diepen, LTA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lvandiep@gmail.com FU NSF [DEB-0614422, DEB-0735116] FX We thank the NSF (grant DEB-0614422 and DEB-0735116) for their continued financial support of this project. We also thank Carrie Andrew for her helpful advice and training with some of the molecular techniques used within this study. Further, we are grateful to the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 9 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 799 EP 811 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04969.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 714VO UT WOS:000286837300010 PM 21210962 ER PT J AU Chia, JM Ware, D AF Chia, Jer-Ming Ware, Doreen TI Sequencing for the cream of the crop SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; INBRED LINES; MAIZE; TRAITS; SELECTION; PATTERNS; WILD AB Sequencing technologies are poised to transform conventional strategies for crop improvement. C1 [Chia, Jer-Ming; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Chia, JM (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu RI Chia, Jer-Ming/C-9992-2012 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP 138 EP 139 DI 10.1038/nbt.1756 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 717DJ UT WOS:000287023000020 PM 21301440 ER PT J AU Chung, YS Holmquist, K Spooner, DM Jansky, SH AF Chung, Yong Suk Holmquist, Karsten Spooner, David M. Jansky, Shelley H. TI A Test of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Soft Rot in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Potato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pectobacterium; selection pressure ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; SERIES RELATIONSHIPS; WHITE MOLD; CAROTOVORA; GENE; POPULATIONS; ATROSEPTICA; DISEASE; REEXAMINATION AB The concept that traits should be associated with related organisms and that nearby populations of the same species are likely to be more similar to each other than to populations spread far apart has long been accepted. Consequently, taxonomic relationships and biogeographical data are commonly believed to have the power to predict the distribution of disease resistance genes among plant species. In this study, we test claims of such predictivity in a group of widely distributed wild potato species. There was no clear association between resistance to soft rot and taxonomic relationships. However, we have found some associations between resistance to soft rot and environmental data such as annual precipitation and annual mean temperature. In addition, we have noted that high levels of resistance are mostly found in species with high levels of phenotypic plasticity. The three most resistant species were Solanum paucijugum S. brevicaule, and S. commersonii. C1 [Holmquist, Karsten; Spooner, David M.; Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chung, Yong Suk; Holmquist, Karsten; Spooner, David M.; Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shelley.jansky@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-05-10-0139 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712DL UT WOS:000286644800004 PM 20839961 ER PT J AU Qi, LL Gulya, T Seiler, GJ Hulke, BS Vick, BA AF Qi, Lili Gulya, Tom Seiler, Gerald J. Hulke, Brent S. Vick, Brady A. TI Identification of Resistance to New Virulent Races of Rust in Sunflowers and Validation of DNA Markers in the Gene Pool SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA markers; sequence characterized amplified region; simple sequence repeat ID GERMPLASM LINES; PUCCINIA-HELIANTHI; DOWNY MILDEW; PARENTAL LINES; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; POSSESSING GENES; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; PATHOTYPES; AUSTRALIA AB Sunflower rust, caused by Puccinia helianthi, is a prevalent disease in many countries throughout the world. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Sunflower Research Unit has released rust resistant breeding materials for several decades. However, constantly coevolving rust populations have formed new virulent races to which current hybrids have little resistance. The objectives of this study were to identify resistance to race 336, the predominant race in North America, and to race 777, the most virulent race currently known, and to validate molecular markers known to be linked to rust resistance genes in the sunflower gene pool. A total of 104 entries, including 66 released USDA inbred lines, 14 USDA interspecific germplasm lines, and 24 foreign germplasms, all developed specifically for rust resistance, were tested for their reaction to races 336 and 777. Only 13 of the 104 entries tested were resistant to both races, whereas another six were resistant only to race 336. The interspecific germplasm line, Rf ANN-1742, was resistant to both races and was identified as a new rust resistance source. A selection of 24 lines including 19 lines resistant to races 777 and/or 336 was screened with DNA markers linked to rust resistance genes R-1, R-2, R-4u, and R-5. The results indicated that the existing resistant lines are diverse in rust resistance genes. Durable genetic resistance through gene pyramiding will be effective for the control of rust. C1 [Qi, Lili; Gulya, Tom; Seiler, Gerald J.; Hulke, Brent S.; Vick, Brady A.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Qi, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM lili.qi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-21000-034-00D] FX We thank X. Cai and S. S. Xu for critical review of the manuscript and A. Hogness and M. Ramsett for excellent technical assistance. This project was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-21000-034-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-06-10-0162 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712DL UT WOS:000286644800008 PM 20879847 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Halterman, DA AF Chen, Yu Halterman, Dennis A. TI Phenotypic Characterization of Potato Late Blight Resistance Mediated by the Broad-Spectrum Resistance Gene RB SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE effector triggered immunity ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; CALLOSE SYNTHASE AB The potato gene RB, cloned from the wild potato species Solarium bulbocastanum, confers partial resistance to late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. In order to better characterize this partial resistance phenotype, we have compared host resistance responses mediated by RB with those mediated by the S. demissum-derived R gene R9, which confers immunity to P infestans carrying the corresponding avirulence gene avrR9. We found that both RB and R9 genes were capable of eliciting a hypersensitive cell death response (HR). However, in RB plants, the pathogen escaped HR lesions and continued to grow beyond the inoculation sites. We also found that callose deposition was negatively correlated with resistance levels in tested plants. Transcription patterns of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR-1 basic, PR-2 acidic, and PR-5 indicated that P. infestans inoculation induced transcription of these defense-related genes regardless of the host genotype; however, transcription was reduced in both the susceptible and partially resistant plants later in the infection process but remained elevated in the immune host. Most interestingly, transcription of the HR-associated gene Hin1 was suppressed in both Katandin and RB-transgenic Katandin but not in R9 4 days after inoculation. Together, this suggests that suppression of certain defense-related genes may allow P. infestans to spread beyond the site of infection in the partially resistant host despite elicitation of hypersensitive cell death. C1 [Chen, Yu; Halterman, Dennis A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Halterman, Dennis A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Halterman, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dennis.halterman@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; University of Wisconsin Department of Plant Pathology FX We thank the United States Department of Agriculture and the University of Wisconsin Department of Plant Pathology for providing salaries and research support, and G. Middleton for expert technical assistance. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-04-10-0119 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712DL UT WOS:000286644800010 PM 20923366 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP Lohrke, SM McKenna, L Lakshman, DK Kong, H Lydon, J AF Roberts, Daniel P. Lohrke, Scott M. McKenna, Laurie Lakshman, Dilip K. Kong, Hyesuk Lydon, John TI Mutation of a degS Homologue in Enterobacter cloacae Decreases Colonization and Biological Control of Damping-Off on Cucumber SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental stress; extracytoplasmic stress ID EXTRACYTOPLASMIC-STRESS-RESPONSE; PSEUDOMONAS BIOCONTROL STRAINS; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGMA-FACTOR; ROOT-COLONIZATION; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; FLUORESCENS CHA0; REDUCED CARBON; IN-VIVO AB We have been using mutagenesis to determine how biocontrol bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae 501R3 deal with complex nutritional environments found in association with plants. E. cloacae C10, a mutant of 501R3 with a transposon insertion in degS, was diminished in growth on synthetic cucumber root exudate (SRE). colonization of cucumber seed and roots, and control of damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum. DegS, a periplasmic serine protease in the closely related bacterium Escherichia coli K12, is required for the RpoE-mediated stress response. C10 containing wild-type degS from 501R3 or from E. coli K12 on pBeloBAC11 was significantly increased in growth on SRE, colonization of cucumber roots, and control of P. ultimum relative to C10 containing pBeloBAC11 alone. C10 and 501R3 were similar in sensitivity to acidic conditions, plant-derived phenolic compounds, oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, dessication, and high osmoticum; stress conditions potentially associated with plants. This study demonstrates a role for degS in the spermosphere and rhizosphere during colonization and disease control by Enterobacter cloacae. This study implicates, for the first time, the involvement of DegS and, by extension, the RpoE-mediated stress response, in reducing stress on E. cloacae resulting from the complex nutritional environments in the spermosphere and rhizosphere. C1 [Roberts, Daniel P.; Lohrke, Scott M.; McKenna, Laurie; Kong, Hyesuk; Lydon, John] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lakshman, Dilip K.] USDA ARS, Florist & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-10-0076 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712DL UT WOS:000286644800011 PM 20942652 ER PT J AU Cerin, E Barnett, A AF Cerin, E. Barnett, A. TI Predictors of pre- and post-competition affective states in male martial artists: a multilevel interactional approach SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS LA English DT Article DE experience sampling method; prospective study; personality; emotions; competitive trait anxiety ID COMPETITIVE TRAIT ANXIETY; NEGATIVE AFFECT; EMOTIONS; MOOD; ANTECEDENTS; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCES; DIRECTION; RUGBY AB The aims of this study were to examine (a) the effects of competition-related and competition-extraneous concerns on affective states; (b) the relationships of primary and secondary appraisal with affective states and (c) the main and moderating effects of personality traits on pre- and post-competition affects. Thirty-nine male elite martial artists were assessed on 12 affective states, concerns and dimensions of primary and secondary appraisal at five random times a day across 1 week before and 3 days after a competition. On the competition day, they were assessed 1 h before and immediately after the contest. Competitive trait anxiety, neuroticism and extraversion were measured at the start of the study. The competition was the most significant and stressful event experienced in the examined period and had a pervasive influence on athletes' affective states. All examined appraisal and personality factors were somewhat associated with pre- and post-competition affective states. Competitive trait anxiety was a key moderator of the relationship between cognitive appraisal and affective states. This study supports the idea that cognitive appraisal and situational and personality factors exert main and interactive effects on athletes' pre- and post-competition affects. These factors need to be accounted for in planning of emotion regulation interventions. C1 [Cerin, E.; Barnett, A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Barnett, A.] Cent Queensland Univ, Sch Hlth & Human Performance, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. [Barnett, A.] Queensland Acad Sport, Ctr Excellence Appl Sport Sci Res, Nathan, Qld, Australia. RP Cerin, E (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Inst Human Performance, 111-113 Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ecerin@hku.hk RI Cerin, Ester/L-1271-2015; OI Cerin, Ester/0000-0002-7599-165X; Barnett, Anthony/0000-0002-6320-4073 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-7188 J9 SCAND J MED SCI SPOR JI Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports PD FEB PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01006.x PG 14 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 705OK UT WOS:000286145600018 PM 19883381 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Richardson, BA McDonald, GI Klopfenstein, NB AF Kim, Mee-Sook Richardson, Bryce A. McDonald, Geral I. Klopfenstein, Ned B. TI Genetic diversity and structure of western white pine (Pinus monticola) in North America: a baseline study for conservation, restoration, and addressing impacts of climate change SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RAPD MARKERS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; INFERENCE; DNA; INDIVIDUALS; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS AB Western white pine (Pinus monticola) is an economically and ecologically important species in western North America that has declined in prominence over the past several decades, mainly due to the introduction of Cronartium ribicola (cause of white pine blister rust) and reduced opportunities for regeneration. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and structure among populations at 15 sites (e.g., provenances) across the native range of western white pine. The level of genetic diversity was different among 15 populations tested using 66 polymorphic AFLP loci. Nei's gene diversity (H (E)) at the population level ranged from 0.187 to 0.316. Genetic differentiation (G (ST)) indicated that 20.1% of detected genetic variation was explained by differences among populations. In general, populations below 45(o)N latitude exhibited a higher level of genetic diversity than higher latitude populations. Genetic distance analysis revealed two major clades between northern and southern populations, but other well-supported relationships are also apparent within each of the two clades. The complex relationships among populations are likely derived from multiple factors including migration, adaptation, and multiple glacial refugia, especially in higher latitudes. Genetic diversity and structure revealed by this study will aid recognition and selection of western white pine populations for species management and conservation programs, especially in consideration of current and future climate changes. C1 [McDonald, Geral I.; Klopfenstein, Ned B.] USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kim, Mee-Sook] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Richardson, Bryce A.] USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Klopfenstein, NB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM mkim@kookmin.ac.kr; brichardson02@fs.fed.us; gimcdonald@clearwire.net; nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service-Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, USA [01-JV-11222062-275, 07-JV-11221662-078]; Kookmin University in Korea FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service-Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest and Woodland Ecosystems Program in Moscow, ID, USA, Research Joint Venture Agreements (01-JV-11222062-275 and 07-JV-11221662-078), and the new faculty research program 2009 of Kookmin University in Korea. We thank Drs. John King and Mike Carlson for providing sample collections of western white pine for Canadian populations. We also thank Dr. Seok-Woo Lee, Dr. Bum-Yong Kang, and Jonalea R. Tonn for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and Jane E. Stewart and John W. Hanna for their technical assistance. Use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the USDA Forest Service. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD FEB PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s11295-010-0311-0 PG 11 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 709SX UT WOS:000286462800002 ER PT J AU Del Valle, PRM Huber, DA Butnor, JR AF Del Valle, Patricio R. Munoz Huber, Dudley A. Butnor, John R. TI Phenotypic analysis of first-year traits in a pseudo-backcross {(slash x loblolly) x slash} and the open-pollinated families of the pure-species progenitors SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Pseudo-backcross; Genetic transfer; Heterosis; Pinus taeda; Pinus elliottii; Southern pines ID CROWN STRUCTURE; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GENETIC-VARIATION; PINE FAMILIES; PRODUCTIVITY; RADIATION; HYBRIDS; STANDS; AREA AB A single test, including one pseudo-backcross (Pinus elliottii x Pinus taeda) x P. elliottii and open-pollinated families of the pure species progenitors, was established in North Central Florida in December 2007 to study the transfer of the fast-growing characteristics from a P. taeda L. (loblolly pine) parent into the P. elliottii Engelm. (slash pine) background. Several traits were measured in the first growing season: height growth, phenology, tip moth incidence, stem traits, crown architectural and needle traits. Heterosis was evaluated for each trait using analyses of variance by fitting a linear mixed model. All traits were significantly (p value < 0.05) different among families while the significance for heterosis varied by trait. Positive heterosis was found for average rate of shoot elongation (ASRE), total growth (TG), total height and number of needles per fascicle while the opposite was true for base diameter, top diameter, fascicle length, fascicle diameter, crown projected area and phenological traits (cessation, duration and day to reach 50% of the height). Average performance (i.e., no heterosis) was found for initiation of growth, number of branches, number of nodes, tip moth incidence, sheath length and specific leaf area. The analyses indicated that introgression of loblolly pine alleles into slash pine was effective and novel trait combinations were achieved. The pseudo-backcross had larger variation in early height growth than the slash pine families and was taller than all open-pollinated families at the end of the first season. Tip moth incidence was much lower than the loblolly pine family. C1 [Del Valle, Patricio R. Munoz; Huber, Dudley A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Butnor, John R.] USDA, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Del Valle, PRM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM p.munoz@ufl.edu; dahuber@ufl.edu; jbutnor@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 FU CFGRP under the USDA Conifer Translational Genomic Network (CTGN) FX This research was funded by the CFGRP under the USDA Conifer Translational Genomic Network (CTGN) grant. Thanks to the CFGRP cooperators, in particular, to the University of Florida, Plum Creek Timber Company and Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation for the materials used in the project. We thank Greg Powell, Carlos Gonzales, Pablo Pinedo, Xiaobo Li, Andres Susaeta, Claudio Verdugo, Rodrigo Vergara and Alejandro Riveros for their help in data collection. Thanks to Tim Martin, Gary Peter and Salvador Gezan for their useful comments and discussion about the project. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD FEB PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s11295-010-0324-8 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 709SX UT WOS:000286462800015 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Mack, BM Cary, JW Bhatnagar, D Kale, SP AF Ehrlich, K. C. Mack, B. M. Cary, J. W. Bhatnagar, D. Kale, S. P. TI A hypothesis to explain how LaeA specifically regulates certain secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; aflatoxin; biosynthetic genes; polyketide synthase (PKS) genes ID PATHOGEN DOTHISTROMA-SEPTOSPORUM; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSION; NIDULANS; BINDING; PROTEIN; FLAVUS; AFLR; INHIBITION AB Biosynthesis of mycotoxins involves transcriptional co-regulation of sets of clustered genes. We hypothesise that specific control of transcription of genes in these clusters by LaeA, a global regulator of secondary metabolite production and development in many filamentous fungi, results from its interaction with a Cys(6)Zn(2) DNA-binding protein unique to the gene cluster. C1 [Ehrlich, K. C.; Cary, J. W.; Bhatnagar, D.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Mack, B. M.; Kale, S. P.] Xavier Univ Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ken.ehrlich@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.3920/WMJ2010.1230 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 725FM UT WOS:000287630600005 ER PT J AU Wu, F Bhatnagar, D Bui-Klimke, T Carbone, I Hellmich, R Munkvold, G Paul, P Payne, G Takle, E AF Wu, F. Bhatnagar, D. Bui-Klimke, T. Carbone, I. Hellmich, R. Munkvold, G. Paul, P. Payne, G. Takle, E. TI Climate change impacts on mycotoxin risks in US maize SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE climate change; maize; aflatoxins; fumonisins; deoxynivalenol ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; FUMONISIN B-1 PRODUCTION; AFLATOXIN GENE-CLUSTER; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; REDUCTION STRATEGIES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; BRITISH BUTTERFLIES; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AB To ensure future food security, it is crucial to understand how potential climate change scenarios will affect agriculture. One key area of interest is how climatic factors, both in the near- and the long-term future, could affect fungal infection of crops and mycotoxin production by these fungi. The objective of this paper is to review the potential impact of climate change on three important mycotoxins that contaminate maize in the United States, and to highlight key research questions and approaches for understanding this impact. Recent climate change analyses that pertain to agriculture and in particular to mycotoxigenic fungi are discussed, with respect to the climatic factors temperature and relative humidity at which they thrive and cause severe damage. Additionally, we discuss how climate change will likely alter the life cycles and geographic distribution of insects that are known to facilitate fungal infection of crops. C1 [Wu, F.; Bui-Klimke, T.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Bhatnagar, D.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,Bldg 001, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bui-Klimke, T.; Payne, G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Hellmich, R.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Munkvold, G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Paul, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 43210 USA. [Takle, E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Takle, E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wu, F (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 100 Technol Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM few8@pitt.edu NR 135 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 43 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.3920/WMJ2010.1246 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 725FM UT WOS:000287630600008 ER PT J AU Douches, DS Coombs, JJ Lacey, LA Felcher, KJ Pett, WL AF Douches, David S. Coombs, Joseph J. Lacey, Lawrence A. Felcher, Kimberly J. Pett, Walter L. TI Evaluations of Transgenic Potatoes for Resistance to Potato Tuberworm in the Laboratory and Field SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SpuntaG2; Phthorimaea operculella; Host plant resistance; Integrated pest management; Bacillus thuringiensis ID LEPIDOPTERA-GELECHIIDAE; ENGINEERED RESISTANCE; MOTH; SPUNTAG2; PROTEIN; LINES AB The potato variety 'Spunta' was previously transformed to constitutively express the cry1Ia1 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis from which three transgenic lines (SpuntaG2, SpuntaG3 and Spunta6a3) were chosen to evaluate for resistance to potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller). Because potato tuberworm is becoming a serious pest in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, 'SpuntaG2', 'SpuntaG3' and 'Spunta6a3' were evaluated in Washington State through laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory, both choice and no-choice experiments demonstrated that the transgenic 'Spunta' lines were completely resistant (100% mortality) to potato tuberworm. Potato tuberworm resistance was further supported by choice, field-cage studies in which the transgenic 'Spunta' lines harbored no potato tuberworm larvae at any sampling date while the controls were heavily infested (averaging 6.4 to as many 17.0 larvae per stem). These results indicate that the cry1Ia1 gene could be an effective component of potato tuberworm management in the Pacific Northwest as well as the international venues where it has already been proven effective. C1 [Douches, David S.; Coombs, Joseph J.; Felcher, Kimberly J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lacey, Lawrence A.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Pett, Walter L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Douches, DS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM douchesd@msu.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9167-y PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 719WP UT WOS:000287242500004 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Chang, CL Goodman, CL Stanley, D AF Coudron, Thomas A. Chang, Chiou Ling Goodman, Cynthia L. Stanley, David TI DIETARY WHEAT GERM OIL INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION IN LARVAE AND EGGS OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wheat germ oil; fruit fly diet; Bactrocera dorsalis; proteomics ID MELON FLY; PROTEIN; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; SYSTEM; CHAINS AB Changes in animal nutrition, particularly essential dietary components, alter global gene expression patterns. Our goal is to identify molecular markers that serve as early indicators of the quality of insect culture media. Markers of deficient culture media will increase the efficiency of developing optimal systems for mass rearing beneficial insects and some pest species because decisions on culture media quality can be made without waiting through one or several life cycles. The objective of our current study is to discover molecular markers of essential dietary lipid deficiency in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. We reared groups of fruit flies separately on media either devoid of or supplemented with wheat germ oil (WGO) and analyzed gene expression in third instar larvae and F(1) eggs using 2D electrophoresis. Gel densitometry revealed significant changes in expression levels of genes encoding eight proteins in larvae and 22 proteins in eggs. We identified these proteins by using mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF) and bioinformatic analyses of the protein sequences. Among these, we identified one gene encoding the receptor of activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) that increased in expression by 6.8-fold in eggs from adults that were reared as larvae on media supplemented with WGO. RACK1 is an essential component of at least three intracellular signal transduction pathways, making it a good molecular marker candidate of lipid deficiency in fruit flies and possibly many other insect species. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Coudron, Thomas A.; Goodman, Cynthia L.; Stanley, David] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Chang, Chiou Ling] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM tom.coudron@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 76 IS 2 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1002/arch.20398 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 719MQ UT WOS:000287209300001 PM 21136526 ER PT J AU Edwards, MC Weiland, JJ AF Edwards, Michael C. Weiland, John J. TI Presence of a polyA tail at the 3' end of maize rayado fino virus RNA SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; TYMOVIRIDAE; MARAFIVIRUS; TYMOVIRUSES; MEMBER AB Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) is distinct from other marafiviruses in that its genome reportedly lacks a poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus. We now show that the MRFV genome is indeed polyadenylated. C1 [Edwards, Michael C.; Weiland, John J.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Edwards, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM michael.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 156 IS 2 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0880-0 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 714SE UT WOS:000286828500016 PM 21170728 ER PT J AU Young, JK Olson, KA Reading, RP Amgalanbaatar, S Berger, J AF Young, Julie K. Olson, Kirk A. Reading, Richard P. Amgalanbaatar, Sukh Berger, Joel TI Is Wildlife Going to the Dogs? Impacts of Feral and Free-roaming Dogs on Wildlife Populations SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canis familiaris; endangered species; global threats; population ecology ID DOMESTIC DOGS; CANIS-FAMILIARIS; RURAL ZIMBABWE; NATIONAL-PARK; COMPETITION; CARNIVORES; PREDATORS; BEHAVIOR; WOLVES; CATS AB In human-populated landscapes, dogs (Canis familiaris) are often the most abundant terrestrial carnivore. However, dogs can significantly disrupt or modify intact ecosystems well beyond the areas occupied by people. Few studies have directly quantified the environmental or economic effects of free-roaming and feral dogs. Here, we review wildlife-dog interactions and provide a case study that focuses on interactions documented from our research in Mongolia to underscore the need for studies designed to best determine how dogs affect native wildlife and especially imperiled populations. We suggest additional research, public awareness campaigns, and the exclusion of dogs from critical wildlife habitat. The application of scientific findings to management and enhanced public outreach programs will not only facilitate recovery and maintenance of wildlife populations globally but also has the potential to reduce economic losses. C1 [Young, Julie K.] Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Predator Res Stn,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Young, Julie K.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Olson, Kirk A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Reading, Richard P.] Denver Zool Fdn, Dept Conservat Biol, Denver, CO USA. [Amgalanbaatar, Sukh] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Berger, Joel] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Berger, Joel] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Missoula, MT USA. RP Young, JK (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Predator Res Stn,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM julie.k.young@aphis.usda.gov FU Denver Zoological Foundation; Earthwatch Institute; Mongolian Conservation Coalition; Trust for Mutual Understanding; Mongolian Academy of Sciences; Dalanjargal Soum Administration; Argali Wildlife Research Center FX Research was conducted in cooperation with the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and under animal care guidelines of Wildlife Conservation Society and Denver Zoological Foundation. We thank Kim Murray, Heath Weaver, and Todd Atwood for reviewing earlier drafts. RPR and SA were supported by the Denver Zoological Foundation, Earthwatch Institute, Mongolian Conservation Coalition, Trust for Mutual Understanding, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, the Dalanjargal Soum Administration, and the Argali Wildlife Research Center. NR 68 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 12 U2 97 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 61 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.7 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 720FY UT WOS:000287267200011 ER PT J AU Sundberg, MD DeAngelis, P Havens, K Holsinger, K Kennedy, K Kramer, AT Muir, R Olwell, P Schierenbeck, K Stritch, L Zorn-Arnold, B AF Sundberg, Marshall D. DeAngelis, Patricia Havens, Kayri Holsinger, Kent Kennedy, Kathryn Kramer, Andrea T. Muir, Rachel Olwell, Peggy Schierenbeck, Kristina Stritch, Larry Zorn-Arnold, Barbara TI Perceptions of Strengths and Deficiencies: Disconnects between Graduate Students and Prospective Employers SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE botanical capacity; student perceptions; employer expectations; skill sets; education ID SYSTEMATICS; PIPELINE; SCIENCE AB The US Botanical Capacity Assessment Project (BCAP) was initiated as a first step to gauge the nation's collective ability to meet the environmental challenges of the 21st century The project, in which the authors of this article are involved, specifically aimed to identify multisector contributions to and gaps in botanical capacity in order to develop growth opportunities to address research and management problems. One of the primary gaps revealed by the BCAP surveys was that the skills graduate students identified as their greatest strengths closely matched the areas future employers (government and private sectors) identified as needing greatest improvement. Although our survey focused on only one discipline (botany), we suspect that the results are applicable throughout the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. We suggest that it is critical for university faculty and administrators to team with professionals from government, nonprofit, and for-profit organizations to identify critical and desired knowledge and skill sets and implement the necessary curriculum changes to provide graduates with the tools they need. C1 [Sundberg, Marshall D.] Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [DeAngelis, Patricia] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, Arlington, VA USA. [Havens, Kayri; Zorn-Arnold, Barbara] Chicago Bot Garden, Div Plant Sci & Conservat, Glencoe, IL USA. [Kramer, Andrea T.] Chicago Bot Garden, Bot Gardens Conservat Int, Glencoe, IL USA. [Holsinger, Kent] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kennedy, Kathryn] Missouri Bot Garden, Ctr Plant Conservat, St Louis, MO USA. [Muir, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Off Reg Execut NE, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Olwell, Peggy] Div Fish Wildlife & Plant Conservat, Bur Land Management, Washington, DC USA. [Schierenbeck, Kristina] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Biol Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Stritch, Larry] US Forest Serv, Washington Off Range Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Sundberg, MD (reprint author), Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. EM msundber@emporia.edu OI Holsinger, Kent/0000-0003-4312-3804 FU Chicago Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (US); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX The Botanical Capacity Assessment Project (BCAP) is supported by the Chicago Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (US), and a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. The authors are members of the BCAP advisory board. We thank Jean Schulenberg, graduate students Jennifer Ison and Rebecca Tonietto, and three anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 61 IS 2 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.8 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 720FY UT WOS:000287267200012 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, KI Zhuang, DY Truscott, TC Yan, HJ Schneider, DA AF O'Rourke, Katherine I. Zhuang, Dongyue Truscott, Thomas C. Yan, Huijan Schneider, David A. TI Sparse PrPSc accumulation in the placentas of goats with naturally acquired scrapie SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; SHEEP PLACENTA; BRAIN-TISSUE; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; GENE; POLYMORPHISMS AB Background: Domestic goats (Capra hircus) are a natural and experimental host of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) of sheep and cattle. Goats are also susceptible to experimental infection with the agents of TSEs of deer and elk (chronic wasting disease) and humans (Creutzfeldt Jakob disease). Distribution of PrPSc, the abnormal prion protein, is similar in the tissues of scrapie-infected sheep and goats but no data are available on the potential shedding of the agent through the placenta, the presumed route of transmission of ovine scrapie. We describe the sparse accumulation of PrPSc in the placentas of goats with naturally acquired classical scrapie in comparison to field cases of classical ovine scrapie. Results: PrPSc was detected in the shed placentas from a sample of U. S. goats with naturally occurring scrapie, diagnosed by antemortem lymphoid tissue biopsy or identified as high risk progeny of infected dams. PrPSc accumulation patterns in the intact placentome and western blot banding was similar in the caprine and ovine samples. However, levels of PrPSc estimated from ELISA and immunohistochemistry assays were generally lower in goats than in sheep, although wide variation was noted in both species. Conclusions: PrPSc accumulates in the shed placentas of goats with naturally acquired scrapie. Although these levels were low in most caprine samples, the caprine placenta may contribute to prion contamination of kidding facilities and transmission to co-housed sheep or goats. C1 [O'Rourke, Katherine I.; Zhuang, Dongyue; Truscott, Thomas C.; Schneider, David A.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Inst, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yan, Huijan] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP O'Rourke, KI (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Inst, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM korourke@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 5348-32000-026-00 D] FX The USDA Agricultural Research Service provided financial support for this study under CRIS 5348-32000-026-00 D. We are grateful to S. White and H. Li for helpful discussion and R. Dassanayake for assistance with photomicrographs. We thank E. Karel, D. Chandler and A. Hetrick for care of the animals. L. Hamburg provided parturition and kid management and D. Lesiak provided PRNP genotyping. Personnel from USDA APHIS and the states of Michigan and Colorado provided epidemiology, animal identification, and testing. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 7 AR 7 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-7-7 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723LV UT WOS:000287509000001 PM 21284878 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Fratamico, PM Yan, XH AF Smith, James L. Fratamico, Pina M. Yan, Xianghe TI Eavesdropping by Bacteria: The Role of SdiA in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Quorum Sensing SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ACYLATED HOMOSERINE LACTONES; N-ACYLHOMOSERINE LACTONES; LUXR HOMOLOG; REGULATOR SDIA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; VIRULENCE PLASMID; SIGNAL MOLECULES; CELL-DIVISION; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION AB Many gram-negative bacteria utilize N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) to bind to transcriptional regulators leading to activation or repression of target genes. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica do not synthesize AHLs but do contain the AHL receptor, SdiA. Studies reveal that SdiA can bind AHLs produced by other bacterial species and thereby allow E. coli and S. enterica to regulate gene transcription. The Salmonella sdiA gene regulates the rck gene, which mediates Salmonella adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells and the resistance of the organism to complement. In E. coli, there is some evidence that SdiA may regulate genes associated with acid resistance, virulence, motility, biofilm formation, and autoinducer-2 transport and processing. However, there is a lack of information concerning the role of SdiA in regulating growth and survival of E. coli and Salmonella in food environments, and therefore studies in this area are needed. C1 [Smith, James L.; Fratamico, Pina M.; Yan, Xianghe] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM james.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 81 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 29 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0651 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 713HA UT WOS:000286724900001 PM 21034261 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Brabban, A Kutter, B Karriker, L Stahl, C Wagstrom, E Anderson, R Poole, TL Genovese, K Krueger, N Harvey, R Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Tom S. Brabban, Andrew Kutter, Betty Karriker, Locke Stahl, Chad Wagstrom, Elizabeth Anderson, Robin Poole, Toni L. Genovese, Ken Krueger, Nathan Harvey, Roger Nisbet, David J. TI Evaluation of Phage Treatment as a Strategy to Reduce Salmonella Populations in Growing Swine SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI DIARRHEA; NORTH-CAROLINA; BACTERIOPHAGES; INFECTION; PREVENTION; PIGS; INTERVENTIONS; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVALENCE; PATHOGENS AB Salmonella is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that causes human illnesses and morbidity and mortality in swine. Bacteriophages are viruses that prey on bacteria and are naturally found in many microbial environments, including the gut of food animals, and have been suggested as a potential intervention strategy to reduce Salmonella levels in the live animal. The present study was designed to determine if anti-Salmonella phages isolated from the feces of commercial finishing swine could reduce gastrointestinal populations of the foodborne pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium in artificially inoculated swine. Weaned pigs (n = 48) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (control or phage-treated). Each pig was inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium (2 x 10(10) colony forming units/pig) via oral gavage at 0 h and fecal samples were collected every 24 h. Swine were inoculated with a phage cocktail via oral gavage (3 x 10(9) plaque forming units) at 24 and 48 h. Pigs were humanely killed at 96 h, and cecal and rectal intestinal contents were collected for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Fecal Salmonella populations in phage-treated pigs were lower (p < 0.09) than controls after 48 h. Phage treatment reduced intestinal populations of inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs compared to controls at necropsy. Cecal populations were reduced (p = 0.07) by phage treatment >1.4 log(10) colony forming units/g digesta, and rectal populations were numerically reduced. The number of pigs that contained inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium was reduced by phage treatment, but a significant (p < 0.05) reduction was only observed in the rectum. We conclude that phages can be a viable tool to reduce Salmonella in swine. Further research needs to be performed to determine the most efficacious dosing regimens and the most effective combinations of phages targeting the diverse Salmonella population found in swine before they can enter the food supply. C1 [Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Tom S.; Anderson, Robin; Poole, Toni L.; Genovese, Ken; Krueger, Nathan; Harvey, Roger; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Brabban, Andrew; Kutter, Betty] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Karriker, Locke] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Stahl, Chad] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wagstrom, Elizabeth] Natl Pork Board, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov FU America's swine producers; U.S. pork producers through the National Pork Board FX Portions of this research were supported by America's swine producers and were produced for the National Pork Board. This project was graciously funded in part by the U.S. pork producers through the National Pork Board. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0671 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 713HA UT WOS:000286724900011 PM 21034249 ER PT J AU Yossa, N Patel, J Millner, P Lo, M AF Yossa, Nadine Patel, Jitendra Millner, Patricia Lo, Martin TI Inactivation of Salmonella in Organic Soil by Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol, Ecotrol, and Sporan SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MEAT SPOILAGE; PATHOGENS; CONSTITUENTS; MICROORGANISMS AB Salmonella can survive in soil for months to years; consequently, soil can be a preharvest source of contamination of produce. Elimination of Salmonella with natural products and processes such as essential oils is important to prevent infection among consumers. Essential oils (distilled extract from plants) have been mainly evaluated in liquid medium and foods in which minimum inhibitory concentration is determined. However, there are no reports describing the impact of essential oils in soil, especially organic soil. We evaluated essential oils for controlling Salmonella enterica serovars in organic soil. Two essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol), two biopesticides (Ecotrol and Sporan), and an organic acid (20% acetic acid) at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% were mixed with organic sandy soil and inoculated with six different serovars of S. enterica separately. Soils were incubated at room temperature, and samples obtained at 1, 7, and 28 days were enumerated to determine survival. The bactericidal effect of cinnamaldehyde was evident at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% and during all times of incubation. Overall, Salmonella Negev was the most sensitive strain to oils resulting in significant reductions compared with other strains. Increases in oil concentration resulted in further reduction of Salmonella with all oils used in the study. Up to six log reductions in Salmonella serovars Typhimurium, Negev, and Newport were found after 1 day when cinnamaldehyde, Ecotrol, eugenol, Sporan, or acetic acid was used at 2% level. This study shows the potential use of essential oils to effectively reduce Salmonella populations in soil. The significant reduction of Salmonella could greatly reduce potential contamination of fresh organic produce inadvertently contaminated by soil. C1 [Patel, Jitendra; Millner, Patricia] ARS, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yossa, Nadine; Lo, Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0685 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 713HA UT WOS:000286724900017 PM 21166519 ER PT J AU O'Neill, MP Dobrowolski, JP AF O'Neill, Michael P. Dobrowolski, James P. TI Water and Agriculture in a Changing Climate SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE global change; water resources; agricultural water security AB Agriculture, in its broadest form, is the greatest consumptive user of water resources in the United States and around the world. Perhaps the greatest challenge facing agricultural producers will be adapting water management to an increasingly variable climate. Adaptation will be extremely difficult, in part because other demands for water (e.g., energy, domestic, industrial, municipal) will continue to increase. Despite considerable improvements in irrigation technology, product development, and other water-saving approaches, agricultural producers will be expected to reduce water consumption and improve or protect water quality of water discharged from agricultural operations. In 2004, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture embarked on an effort to address Agricultural Water Security, ensuring sufficient water of the appropriate quality at the needed time to meet demands for food, fiber, and other agricultural goods and services. This effort identified six broad areas where agricultural research, education, and extension can impact water management to achieve agricultural water security. The six areas are: biotechnology, water reuse, general conservation, irrigation efficiency, water markets and trading, and drought preparedness. We present an overview of the six areas and opportunities for agriculture and specifically horticultural and specialty crop producers to adapt to climate change through improved water management. C1 [O'Neill, Michael P.; Dobrowolski, James P.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP O'Neill, MP (reprint author), USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, 800 9th St SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM moneill@infa.usda.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000002 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Runion, GB Marble, SC Rogers, HH Gilliam, CH Torbert, HA AF Prior, Stephen A. Runion, G. Brett Marble, S. Christopher Rogers, Hugo H. Gilliam, Charles H. Torbert, H. Allen TI A Review of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Effects on Plant Growth and Water Relations: Implications for Horticulture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; global change; photosynthesis; trace gases; transpiration; water use efficiency ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; X HIEMALIS FOTSCH; LONGLEAF PINE; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; TRANSPIRATION RESPONSES; CROP RESPONSES; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; AIR HUMIDITY; ROOT-GROWTH AB Empirical records provide incontestable evidence for the global rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the earth's atmosphere. Plant growth can be stimulated by elevation of CO2; photosynthesis increases and economic yield is often enhanced. The application of more CO2 can increase plant water use efficiency and result in less water use. After reviewing the available CO2 literature, we offer a series of priority targets for future research, including: 1) a need to breed or screen varieties and species of horticultural plants for increased drought tolerance; 2) determining the amount of carbon sequestered in soil from horticulture production practices for improved soil water-holding capacity and to aid in mitigating projected global climate change; 3) determining the contribution of the horticulture industry to these projected changes through flux of CO2 and other trace gases (i.e., nitrous oxide from fertilizer application and methane under anaerobic conditions) to the atmosphere; and 4) determining how CO2-induced changes in plant growth and water relations will impact the complex interactions with pests (weeds, insects, and diseases). Such data are required to develop best management strategies for the horticulture industry to adapt to future environmental conditions. C1 [Prior, Stephen A.; Runion, G. Brett; Rogers, Hugo H.; Torbert, H. Allen] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Marble, S. Christopher; Gilliam, Charles H.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM steve.prior@ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 158 EP 162 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000003 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Maruthachalam, K Vallad, GE Klosterman, SJ Subbarao, KV AF Hayes, Ryan J. Maruthachalam, Karunakaran Vallad, Gary E. Klosterman, Steven J. Subbarao, Krishna V. TI Selection for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt Caused by Race 2 Isolates of Verticillium dahliae in Accessions of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; breeding; cultivars; disease resistance ID TOMATO; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Verticillium wilt of lettuce caused by Verticillium dahliae can cause severe economic damage to lettuce producers. The pathogen exists as two races (Races 1 and 2) in lettuce, and complete resistance to Race 1 is known. Resistance to Race 2 isolates has not been reported, and production of Race 1-resistant cultivars will likely increase the frequency of Race 2 strains. The objective of this research was to select lettuce accessions for resistance to Race 2 isolates of V. dahliae. Two independent populations totaling 314 randomly sampled PIs were evaluated for Verticillium wilt disease incidence (DI) caused by V. dahliae isolate VdLs17 in one unreplicated and two replicated greenhouse experiments. Selection for Pis with reduced DI was conducted between each experiment and plant stems were plated on semiselective media to identify colonized plants that remained non-symptomatic. No accession with complete resistance was identified, although accessions with partial resistance were selected. Genetic variation for the frequency of V. dahliae-colonized plants that remain symptomless was detected. Four Pis (169511, 171674, 204707, and 226641) were selected for further testing in three replicated greenhouse experiments and demonstrated significantly lower disease incidence than the susceptible control cultivars. The results indicate that lettuce has genetic variation for partial resistance to a Race 2 isolate of V. dahliae. The resistant Pis selected in this research are morphologically diverse, and no dependence between rate of bolting and resistance was found. Pis with partial resistance may be useful for breeding lettuce cultivars with resistance to Race 2 isolates of V. dahliae. C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Klosterman, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Vallad, Gary E.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ryan.Hayes@ars.usda.gov OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; Leafy Greens Crop Germplasm Committee; California Department of Food and Agriculture under the "Buy California Initiative"; California Department of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative, Crops at Risk FX This research was supported by the California Leafy Greens Research Program, the Leafy Greens Crop Germplasm Committee, the California Department of Food and Agriculture under the "Buy California Initiative," the California Department of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant Program, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative, Crops at Risk. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000011 ER PT J AU Wechter, WP Levi, A Ling, KS Kousik, C Block, CC AF Wechter, W. Patrick Levi, Amnon Ling, Kai-Shu Kousik, Chandrasekar Block, Charles C. TI Identification of Resistance to Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli among Melon (Cucumis spp.) Plant Introductions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial fruit blotch; cantaloupe; muskmelon; melon; cucurbit ID BACTERIAL FRUIT BLOTCH; SEED TRANSMISSION; POWDERY MILDEW; DOWNY MILDEW; WATERMELON; PATHOGENICITY AB Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by the bacterium Acidovorax avenue subsp. citrulli (Aac) is a seed-borne disease that threatens most cucurbit crops. Although limited resistance has been found in a small number of Plant introductions (Pis) in watermelon (Citrullus spp.), there are no reports of high levels of resistance in germplasm lines of Cucumis spp. In this study, 332 Cacumis spp. Pis were screened for resistance to Aac using a newly developed seed vacuum infusion assay. Significant differences in the reaction of the PI to BFB were observed. The majority of lines were found to be extremely susceptible to the disease. However, several Pis with lower levels of resistance were also identified. Variability in the reaction of plants within each PI was also observed. Of the 332 PI tested, 16 were selected for additional evaluation using a standard spray inoculation tests. PI 353814, PI 381171, PI 536573, and PI 614401, all belonging to C. meta, and PI 504558 (C. ficifolius) were found to have significantly greater levels of resistance than susceptible control cultivars or other PIs in two independent spray inoculation tests. Germplasm lines developed from these PIs may be useful as sources of resistance to BFB in Cucumis breeding programs. C1 [Wechter, W. Patrick; Levi, Amnon; Ling, Kai-Shu; Kousik, Chandrasekar] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Block, Charles C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, NCRPIS,Plant Intro Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wechter, WP (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Pat.Wechter@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000012 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Bassett, C AF Glenn, D. Michael Bassett, Carole TI Apple Delta C-13 Discrimination Is Related to Shoot Ash Content SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oxygen 18 enrichment; crop water use; biomass; Malus xdomestica; Malus sieversii; Kazakhstan ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DARK RESPIRATION; MALUS-SIEVERSII; MINERAL-CONTENT; DURUM-WHEAT; LEAF WEIGHT; GRAIN-YIELD; DELTA-O-18 AB Plant ash content has been highly correlated with plant water use efficiency (WUE) and Delta C-13 (Delta) in field crops and grassland species and proposed as a selection criteria for WUE. delta O-18 (delta) has also been correlated with transpiration in herbaceous plants. The objectives of the study were to 1) evaluate the relationship of shoot ash (ASH) with Delta and delta in 'Empire' apple over a 3-year period; 2) determine if yearly variation significantly affected the relationship of ASH with Delta and delta; and 3) evaluate the value of the relationship between ASH content with Delta and delta for a population of Mains sieversii. 'Empire' leaf area index (LAI) was negatively correlated with ASH content and positively correlated with Delta. Delta was negatively correlated with 'Empire' ASH. There were no yearly effects at a site. Within the Malus sieversii accessions, there was a grouping based on ASH that could be identified and this outlier group also had the lowest delta of the accessions. There were no correlations of leaf area, number, length, width, or stomata number with delta, Delta, or ASH for the Malus sieversii accessions. Rather than a substitute for Delta measurement in assessing WUE, ash content analysis adds an additional dimension to understanding the dynamics of WUE in apple. This work has identified a unique population of Malus meriting further study. C1 [Glenn, D. Michael; Bassett, Carole] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000013 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Ling, P AF Frantz, Jonathan M. Ling, Peter TI Growth, Partitioning, and Nutrient and Carbohydrate Concentration of Petunia xhybrida Vilm. Are Influenced by Altering Light, CO2, and Fertility SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE controlled environments; floriculture; source-sink relations; crop development; energy-efficient production; interacting environments ID ELEVATED CO2; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; ENRICHMENT; PLANT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; ACCLIMATION; RESPONSES; CAPACITY; FLOWERS AB Fuel prices have fluctuated wildly in the last several years, and faced with unpredictable or rising fuel costs, growers often lower temperature set points to decrease fuel use. However, plant growth and development are influenced by lower temperatures and may actually cause increases in fuel use as a result of longer production times. Alternative strategies to efficient crop production are needed. Fertility, light, and CO2 are other environmental factors that can be manipulated within a greenhouse but how all three interact together on growth and development are surprisingly not well known. Petunia xhybrida Vilm. were grown in controlled environments in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial study investigating how light, fertility, and CO2 influence growth and development, including shoot partitioning, nutrient uptake, and carbohydrate concentration. Generally, light enhanced flowering, both mass and fraction of total biomass, whereas increased fertility was detrimental to the proportion of biomass allocated to flowers. The influence of CO2 was complex with high CO2 suppressing flowering and enhancing leaf growth, but only midway through the 7-week experiment. Carbohydrate concentration remained high in elevated CO2, even when light and fertility were not limiting. This suggests a sink limitation, so even in high light and fertility, crop response to enhanced CO2 was low. Although CO2 had no size effect late in growth, CO2 suppressed nutrient concentrations. Together, these data suggest strategies that growers may have in controlling their crop growth and development and indicate that enhanced growth (leaf and steam mass) may be at the detriment of development (flowering mass and allocation). C1 [Frantz, Jonathan M.] Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Ling, Peter] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jonathan.frantz@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 228 EP 235 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000016 ER PT J AU Marble, SC Prior, SA Runion, GB Torbert, HA Gilliam, CH Fain, GB AF Marble, S. Christopher Prior, Stephen A. Runion, G. Brett Torbert, H. Allen Gilliam, Charles H. Fain, Glenn B. TI The Importance of Determining Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential in Ornamental Horticulture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; carbon storage; climate change; trace gases ID EMISSIONS; AGRICULTURE; SUBSTRATE; SOILS; PINE AB Over the past three decades, one issue that has received significant attention from the scientific community is climate change and the possible impacts on the global environment. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration along with other trace gases [i.e., methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)] are widely believed to be the driving factors behind global warming. Much of the work on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon (C) sequestration has been conducted in row crop and forest systems; however, virtually no work has focused on contributions from sectors of the specialty crop industry such as ornamental horticulture. Ornamental horticulture is an industry that impacts rural, suburban, and urban landscapes. Although this industry may have some negative impacts on the global environment (e.g., CO2 and trace gas efflux), it also has potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase C sequestration. The work described here outlines the causes and environmental impacts of climate change, the role of agriculture in reducing emissions and sequestering C, and potential areas in ornamental horticulture container-grown plant production in which practices could be altered to increase C sequestration and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Marble, S. Christopher; Gilliam, Charles H.; Fain, Glenn B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Prior, Stephen A.; Runion, G. Brett; Torbert, H. Allen] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Gilliam, CH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, 101 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gillic1@auburn.edu RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 FU USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX This work was supported by the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 240 EP 244 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000018 ER PT J AU Okie, WR Blackburn, B AF Okie, William R. Blackburn, Bryan TI Increasing Chilling Reduces Heat Requirement for Floral Budbreak in Peach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; dormancy; chilling ID FLOWER BUDS; DORMANCY; REST; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; BLOOM; BREAKING; ELBERTA; MODELS; PLANTS AB Response to chilling temperatures is a critical factor in the suitability of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars to moderate climates such as in the southeastern United States. Time of bloom depends on the innate chilling requirement of the cultivar as well as the timing and duration of cold and warm temperatures experienced by the buds. Most current chilling models have considered dormancy break a sequential process: after appropriate chilling is received, a fixed amount of heat accumulation will produce bloom. This research shows that as chilling exposure increases, the time and heat accumulation required for peach floral budbreak decreases in an exponential relationship. When chilling is ample, a sequential, two-part dormancy model is adequate to describe budbreak, and increased chilling has little effect on heat requirement. In lower-chilling situations relative to a particular cultivar, the curvilinear relationship between chilling and heat requirement results in more heat being required for budbreak. This relationship, in conjunction with the range of chilling requirement found among the buds on a tree, results in an extended, asymmetrical budbreak. C1 [Okie, William R.; Blackburn, Bryan] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM william.okie@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000019 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, Xuetong Sokorai, Kimberly J. B. TI Effects of Gamma Irradiation, Modified Atmosphere Packaging, and Delay of Irradiation on Quality of Fresh-cut Iceberg Lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE injury; fresh-cut; browning; texture; sensory; gamma radiation ID PHENOLIC METABOLISM; VEGETABLES; ROMAINE; FRUIT; CO2 AB This study was conducted to investigate the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and delay of irradiation application on the quality of cut Iceberg lettuce. Overall visual quality and tissue browning of cut lettuce were evaluated using a scale of 9 to 1, whereas texture was analyzed instrumentally during 14 days of storage at 4 degrees C. Results showed that irradiation (0.5 and 1.0 kGy) of cut lettuce induced tissue browning when stored in air; however, when cut lettuce was stored in MAP, irradiated lettuce had better appearance than the non-irradiated ones as a result of lower O(2) levels in the packages of irradiated samples compared with the levels in control packages. In general, irradiation at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy did not affect firmness of the lettuce. After 14 days of MAP storage, overall visual quality of non-irradiated samples had a score of approximate to 4, a score below the limit of sales appeal, whereas the two irradiated samples had scores of 6.5 to 7.9, indicating the irradiated samples had a fair to good quality. Delaying irradiation by 1 day after preparation of cut lettuce did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect cut edge browning, surface browning, or overall visual quality compared with lettuce irradiated immediately after preparation. Our results suggest that MAP is essential to minimize quality deterioration caused by irradiation. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Sokorai, Kimberly J. B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov FU Tanimura and Antic Produce Co. [58-1935-8-882N] FX This study was conducted through a collaborative research agreement with Tanimura and Antic Produce Co. (Agreement No. 58-1935-8-882N). We thank Dr. John Phillips for statistical analysis; and Wenqiang Guan, Tyrcek Anderson, and Matthew Moore for technical assistance. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000023 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Bi, GH Fuchigami, LH Regan, RP AF Scagel, Carolyn F. Bi, Guihong Fuchigami, Leslie H. Regan, Richard P. TI Nutrient Uptake and Loss by Container-grown Deciduous and Evergreen Rhododendron Nursery Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhododendron 'PJM'; Rhododendron 'English Roseum'; Rhododendron 'Gibraltar'; nursery container production; mineral nutrition ID WILD PLANTS; SEGMENTED REGRESSION; NITROGEN APPLICATION; MINERAL-NUTRITION; ALLOCATION; AVAILABILITY; CULTIVARS; ALTERS; SHRUB; FERRUGINEUM AB The influence of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on plant allocation, uptake, and demand for other essential nutrients was evaluated from May 2005 to Feb. 2006 in evergreen Rhododendron 'PAM. Compact' (PJM) and 'English Roseum' (ER) and deciduous Rhododendron 'Gibraltar' (AZ) grown in containers filled with soilless substrate. Net nutrient uptake and losses were calculated using piecewise regression and uptake efficiency, root absorption capacity, aboveground demand, nutrient use efficiency, and uptake ratios between N and other nutrients (N ratios) were calculated using net uptake between harvest dates. Nitrogen application increased uptake rate of all nutrients, enhanced late-season uptake of many nutrients, and increased the rate of nutrient loss during the winter. Nutrient uptake often occurred as late as November in plants grown with N but was usually undetectable after September in plants grown without additional N fertilizer. Nutrient losses during the winter were not always associated with biomass loss and were related to differences in preferential nutrient allocation to different structures and the plant's ability to export nutrients before biomass loss. Plants with a greater potential for rapid growth were more capable of later-season nutrient uptake than plants with slower growth rates. Nitrogen availability altered N ratios indicating that when adding N to container-grown Rhododendron, fertilizers with higher ratios of N/phosphorus (PJM, AZ), N/calcium (PJM, ER), N/boron (PJM AZ), N/copper (PJM, ER), and N/iron (PJM, ER) and lower ratios of N/potassium (PJM, ER, AZ), N/sodium (PJM, ER, AZ), N/calcium (AZ), N/boron (ER), N/manganese (AZ), and N/zinc (ER) may be needed to optimize growth and minimize nutrient inputs. Increasing N availability altered uptake efficiency, root absorption capacity, aboveground demand, and nutrient use efficiency for several nutrients, indicating that changes in N management practices need to consider how altering N application rates may influence the plant's ability to take up and use other nutrients. This information can be used to develop fertilizer formulations to minimize excess application of nutrients and to evaluate the potential effects of altering N management practices on use of production resources. Our results indicate that nutrient management strategies for perennial crops such as Rhododendron need to take into consideration not only the nutrient demand for current growth, but also how to optimize nutrient availability for uptake that contributes to future growth potential and end-product quality. C1 [Scagel, Carolyn F.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Truck Crops Branch, Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. [Fuchigami, Leslie H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Regan, Richard P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Carolyn.Scagel@ars.usda.gov FU American Rhododendron Society; USDA-ARS, Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research; Oregon State Agricultural Research Foundation FX This work was funded, in part, by the American Rhododendron Society, the USDA-ARS, Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research, and the Oregon State Agricultural Research Foundation. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 296 EP 305 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 721EI UT WOS:000287336000028 ER PT J AU Ayars, JE Soppe, RW Shouse, P AF Ayars, James E. Soppe, Richard W. Shouse, Peter TI ALFALFA PRODUCTION USING SALINE DRAINAGE WATER SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article DE drainage water reuse; alfalfa; irrigation; saline water ID AGRICULTURE AB A three-year study investigated the use of saline (EC < 6 dS m (-1)) drainage water for irrigation of salt-tolerant alfalfa in the presence of shallow saline groundwater. The irrigation treatments included: (1) irrigating twice between cuttings with nonsaline water, (2) irrigating twice with moderately saline water between cuttings, and (3) once between cuttings with moderately saline water. Yield data demonstrated an approximately 30% reduction in total yield over 3 years as a result of using the saline water for irrigation compared to irrigating with the nonsaline water. The overall alfalfa quality improved when irrigated with saline water compared to the non-saline water. However, both boron and chloride progressively accumulated in alfalfa plant tissue during each growing season when irrigated with saline water. The plant tissue boron and chloride values returned to previously low levels by the start of the next growing season due to the influence of winter rainfall and irrigating with low-salinity water at the break of dormancy. There was measurable accumulation of salt in the soil profile and in the shallow groundwater as a result of using saline drainage water for irrigation. A gradual decrease in depth to the shallow groundwater was observed as result of the lack of drainage capability. Electromagnetic induction proved adequate for characterizing root zone salinity with time. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ayars, James E.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Soppe, Richard W.] AgWater Consult, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Shouse, Peter] ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM james.ayars@ars.usda.gov RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 FU California Department of Water Resources [204] FX The authors thank Mr David Cone and the personnel of the Broadview Water District for their support during this project and Mr Richard Schoneman for his supervision of the ongoing operation of the site. Financial support for this project was supplied by the California Department of Water Resources Proposition 204. Dr Peter Robinson, UC Davis, provided advice and statistical support for the yield and feed analysis. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-0353 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1002/ird.534 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 719OM UT WOS:000287214300012 ER PT J AU Sivirichi, GM Kaushal, SS Mayer, PM Welty, C Belt, KT Newcomer, TA Newcomb, KD Grese, MM AF Sivirichi, Gwendolyn M. Kaushal, Sujay S. Mayer, Paul M. Welty, Claire Belt, Kenneth T. Newcomer, Tamara A. Newcomb, Katie D. Grese, Melissa M. TI Longitudinal variability in streamwater chemistry and carbon and nitrogen fluxes in restored and degraded urban stream networks SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVER RESTORATION; HEADWATER STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; DENITRIFICATION; URBANIZATION; LANDSCAPE; RETENTION; NITRATE AB Stream restoration has increasingly been used as a best management practice for improving water quality in urbanizing watersheds, yet few data exist to assess restoration effectiveness. This study examined the longitudinal patterns in carbon and nitrogen concentrations and mass balance in two restored (Minebank Run and Spring Branch) and two unrestored (Powder Mill Run and Dead Run) stream networks in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Longitudinal synoptic sampling showed that there was considerable reach-scale variability in biogeochemistry (e. g., total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), cations, pH, oxidation/reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and temperature). TDN concentrations were typically higher than DOC in restored streams, but the opposite pattern was observed in unrestored streams. Mass balances in restored stream networks showed net uptake of TDN across subreaches (mean +/- standard error net uptake rate of TDN across sampling dates for Minebank Run and Spring Branch was 420.3 +/- 312.2 and 821.8 +/- 570.3 mg m(-2) d(-1), respectively). There was net release of DOC in the restored streams (1344 +/- 1063 and 1017 +/- 944.5 mg m(-2) d(-1) for Minebank Run and Spring Branch, respectively). Conversely, degraded streams, Powder Mill Run and Dead Run showed mean net release of TDN across sampling dates (629.2 +/- 167.5 and 327.1 +/- 134.5 mg m(-2) d(-1), respectively) and net uptake of DOC (1642 +/- 505.0 and 233.7 +/- 125.1 mg m(-2) d(-1), respectively). There can be substantial C and N transformations in stream networks with hydrologically connected floodplain and pond features. Assessment of restoration effectiveness depends strongly on where monitoring is conducted along the stream network. Monitoring beyond the stream-reach scale is recommended for a complete perspective of evaluation of biogeochemical function in restored and degraded urban streams. C1 [Sivirichi, Gwendolyn M.; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Newcomer, Tamara A.; Newcomb, Katie D.; Grese, Melissa M.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Sivirichi, Gwendolyn M.; Welty, Claire] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Estuarine Environm Sci Program, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ & Marine, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Welty, Claire] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Belt, Kenneth T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Sivirichi, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 1 Williams St,POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM gwendolyn.stanko@gmail.com RI Newcomer, Tamara/E-5561-2011; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/D-1045-2013; Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/0000-0002-2496-7641; Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU Maryland Sea Grant Award [SA7528085-U, NA05OAR4171042]; NSF [DBI 0640300, 0549469]; US EPA Office of Research and Development; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project [NSF DEB-0423476] FX This research was supported by Maryland Sea Grant Award SA7528085-U, Maryland Sea Grant Award NA05OAR4171042, NSF Award DBI 0640300, NSF IGERT Award 0549469, the US EPA Office of Research and Development, the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project (NSF DEB-0423476). Steve Stewart of Baltimore County DEPRM and Bill Stack of Baltimore City Department of Public Works provided input for selection of study sites, helpful discussions and logistical advice, and in-kind support. Ed Doheny and Jon Dillow of the USGS provided hydrologic and geochemical information. Andrew Miller and Peter Groffman provided thoughtful comments regarding data analysis and presentation. Melanie Harrison, Emma Noonan, Ashley Sides, and Chris Swan provided field and technical assistance. The research has not been subjected to US Environmental Protection Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 71 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 288 EP 303 DI 10.1039/c0em00055h PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718UQ UT WOS:000287152200025 PM 21116542 ER PT J AU Johnson, SR Rao, S Hussey, SB Morley, PS Traub-Dargatz, JL AF Johnson, Shylo R. Rao, Sangeeta Hussey, Stephen B. Morley, Paul S. Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. TI Thermographic Eye Temperature as an Index to Body Temperature in Ponies SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Body temperature; Eye temperature; Infrared thermography; Thermal imaging; Thermal microchip ID INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY; MICROCHIP TRANSPONDER; RECTAL THERMOMETER; DISEASE AB Infrared thermography (IRT) is a passive, remote, and noninvasive method of measuring surface temperatures. Select surface locations, such as the eye, could indicate body temperature. To investigate whether thermographic eye temperatures were associated with body temperatures and could be used to detect febrile ponies, we measured IRT eye temperatures, rectal temperatures, and implanted thermal microchip temperatures from 24 male ponies daily for 3 consecutive days. Information regarding distance of the pony from the IRT device, presence of direct sunlight during the measurement period, and ambient temperature were also collected. A multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that 60.41% of the variance in IRT was accounted for by rectal temperature, sunlight, and distance between the camera and the pony, with rectal temperature being the major contributor to variance (46.23%). Using a rectal temperature of >38.6 degrees C (101.5 degrees F) as the indicator of febrile status, sensitivity and specificity of the IRT device used to detect the febrile ponies were found to be 74.6% and 92.3%, respectively, when using the maximum IRT eye temperature per pony per day. In conclusion, IRT eye temperature could be a preliminary screening tool to determine whether a more time-consuming, labor intensive, and invasive method (e.g., rectal temperature) is warranted for fever validation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Shylo R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Rao, Sangeeta; Hussey, Stephen B.; Morley, Paul S.; Traub-Dargatz, Josie L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Johnson, SR (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Shylo.R.Johnson@aphis.usda.gov RI SELLIER, Nadine/B-3417-2013; Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0737-0806 J9 J EQUINE VET SCI JI J. Equine Vet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.12.004 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 721DX UT WOS:000287334900003 ER PT J AU Bett-Garber, KL Greene, JL Lamikanra, O Ingram, DA Watson, MA AF Bett-Garber, K. L. Greene, J. L. Lamikanra, O. Ingram, D. A. Watson, M. A. TI EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS ON SENSORY QUALITY OF FRESH-CUT CANTALOUPE MELON SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SHELF-LIFE; HONEYDEW AB Consistent storage temperature of 2-5C for fresh-cut produce is difficult to maintain throughout distribution. This study determined the effects of temperature changes on the sensory quality of fresh-cut cantaloupe. Cantaloupe was processed, packaged and stored for 7 days. Samples were maintained at 4 and 10C (controls) or transferred from 4 to 10C after 24 or 48 h. Descriptive sensory analysis was used to evaluate aroma, flavor and texture after days 2, 5 and 7 of storage. Respiration and weight loss were monitored. Aroma and flavor were affected by temperature treatments. Texture was affected a little by temperature changes. Fruity/melon aroma and flavor, citrus aroma and sweet aromatic flavor were negatively affected by temperature changes compared to control treatments. Musty and rancid/painty flavors and bitter increased due to temperature changes. Respiration and moisture loss were affected more by storage at 10C than temperature change. Temperature increases during storage of fresh-cut fruit decreases product quality. C1 [Bett-Garber, K. L.; Watson, M. A.] ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Greene, J. L.] Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. [Lamikanra, O.] Frito Lay, Plano, TX USA. [Ingram, D. A.] Customs & Border Protect, Houston, TX USA. RP Bett-Garber, KL (reprint author), ARS, SRRC, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM karen.bett@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2010.00362.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 718BU UT WOS:000287095600003 ER PT J AU Finotti, E Bersani, E Vivanti, V Friedman, M AF Finotti, Enrico Bersani, Enrico Vivanti, Vittorio Friedman, Mendel TI APPLICATION OF A FUNCTIONAL MATHEMATICAL QUALITY INDEX TO ASPARAGINE, FREE SUGAR AND PHENOLIC ACID CONTENT OF 20 COMMERCIAL POTATO VARIETIES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACRYLAMIDE; CULTIVARS AB In this article, we apply a functional mathematical index (FMI), introduced in a previous publication, to 20 commercial potato varieties. The index allows evaluation of nutritional, safety and processing "quality parameters" of different potato cultivars. The main goal of the index is to link the quality of the chemical composition with factors that may affect the growth, production, distribution and processing of potatoes and potato products for commercial use. The index has been used to assess FMI values of 20 commercial potato cultivars in terms of their content of asparagine and reducing sugars, which formheat-induced potentially toxic acrylamide and of antioxidative phenolic compounds, which participate in nonenzymatic browning reactions and may exert beneficial effects after consumption. C1 [Finotti, Enrico; Vivanti, Vittorio] INRAN, I-00178 Rome, Italy. [Bersani, Enrico] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Lab Strutture & Mat Intelligenti, Cisterna Latina, LT, Italy. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, IA USA. RP Finotti, E (reprint author), INRAN, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy. EM finotti@inran.it OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2010.00357.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 718BU UT WOS:000287095600009 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Guo, ZB Chen, MS Zhu, KY Liu, XFF Scheffler, B AF Zhu, Yu Cheng Guo, Zibiao Chen, Ming-Shun Zhu, Kun Yan Liu, Xiaofen F. Scheffler, Brian TI Major putative pesticide receptors, detoxification enzymes, and transcriptional profile of the midgut of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insecticide; Bt; Resistance; Detoxification; Midgut; Transcriptome; cDNA; Sequence ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; INSECT RESISTANCE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASES; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; BINDING; PROTEIN AB Insecticide resistance mechanisms, including those for Cry proteins (Bt), in Heliothis virescens are not well understood. Sequencing of midgut transcriptomes may facilitate the discovery of the genes responsible for resistance development. In this study, a total of 5856 Sanger sequences were obtained and assembled to 1687 contigs (464) and singletons (1233) with average length of 507 bp. Blast similarity search showed that 1372 cDNAs from this study matched different genes or cDNAs in the GenBank and other sequence databases. Blast2go annotation identified 611 highly similar proteins with metabolic and cellular processes as major biological functions and catalytic activity and binding as major molecular functions. At least 143 contigs and singletons were associated with pesticide activation, detoxification, and resistance development. These cDNAs, with average length of 601 bp, matched nine groups of pesticide resistance related genes. At least 80 cDNAs coded for Bt resistance related enzymes and potential receptors, including 58 proteinases, 4 cadherins, 13 aminopeptidase, and 5 alkaline phosphatases. Other putative detoxification enzymes included 20 cytochrome P450 oxidases, 11 glutathione S-transferases, 9 esterases, 8 sodium channels, and 15 cytochrome oxidases. Of the 143 contigs and singletons, 111 cDNA sequences seemed to be new resistance candidate gene transcripts in GenBank because they either priorly matched resistance candidate cDNAs of other species, or had low sequence identity with those previously sequenced from H. virescens. This study provides a foundation for future research to develop a gut-specific DNA microarray for analysis of the global changes of gene expression in response to biological and chemical pesticides. Future development resistance management strategies could benefit from this study and help continue research to identify key genes targetable by classic and novel approaches. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng; Guo, Zibiao; Liu, Xiaofen F.; Scheffler, Brian] USDA ARS JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun; Zhu, Kun Yan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 106 IS 2 BP 296 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.10.007 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 712YG UT WOS:000286701600020 PM 21056043 ER PT J AU Offeman, RD Ludvik, CN AF Offeman, Richard D. Ludvik, Charles N. TI Poisoning of mixed matrix membranes by fermentation components in pervaporation of ethanol SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mixed matrix membrane; Ethanol; Pervaporation; Fermentation ID SILICALITE MEMBRANES; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; ZEOLITE; RECOVERY; BROTHS AB Pervaporation is an alternative to distillation for recovering ethanol produced by fermentation of grains and biomass. Ethanol-selective mixed matrix membranes of the hydrophobic zeolite ZSM-5 in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have superior performance compared to pure PDMS membranes in pervaporation of clean ethanol/water solutions, but are susceptible to performance reduction when pervaporating fermentation broths. The effects of pervaporating a variety of solutions with 60 wt% ZSM-5/PDMS membranes were studied. Corn dry-grind fermentation broth, thin stillage, and a synthetic syngas fermentation broth rapidly and significantly degraded mixed matrix membrane performance. Broths treated to remove corn oil and fatty acids were much more benign. Oleic acid, as a representative fatty acid, was identified as a significant performance reducer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Offeman, Richard D.; Ludvik, Charles N.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Offeman, RD (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Richard.Offeman@ars.usda.gov FU Chevron Technology Ventures FX We thank Chevron Technology Ventures for providing funding for this work, Cilion, Inc. for providing the corn fermentation broth and David Johnson, USDA, ERRC, for providing the thin stillage and its analysis. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 367 IS 1-2 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.11.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 715AE UT WOS:000286852000035 ER PT J AU Heisey, PW Adelman, SW AF Heisey, Paul W. Adelman, Sarah W. TI Research expenditures, technology transfer activity, and university licensing revenue SO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Science policy; Licensing revenue; Research expenditures; Technology transfer; Universities ID INSTRUMENTAL-VARIABLE ESTIMATION; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; TRANSFER OFFICES; PANEL-DATA; EFFICIENT ESTIMATION; SPECIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; INVENTIONS; KNOWLEDGE AB In this paper we relate university licensing revenues to both university research expenditures and characteristics of the university and the university technology transfer office. We apply the Hausman-Taylor estimator for panel data with time-invariant explanatory variables and the Arellano-Bover dynamic panel model to unbalanced panels for the years 1991-2003 and balanced panels for the years 1995-2003. We find conflicting evidence regarding the short-term impacts of research expenditures on licensing revenues. On the other hand, both early initiation of technology transfer programs and staff size increase expected licensing revenues. Staff size and early entry appear to be substitutes, however. One-year lagged licensing revenue has strong predictive power for current licensing revenue. Further research is necessary to analyze changes in technology transfer office efficiency over time and the contribution of technology transfer to larger university missions. C1 [Heisey, Paul W.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Adelman, Sarah W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adelman, Sarah W.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. RP Heisey, PW (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM pheisey@ers.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-9912 J9 J TECHNOL TRANSFER JI J. Technol. Transf. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 38 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s10961-009-9129-z PG 23 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 709UF UT WOS:000286466200003 ER PT J AU Sutivisedsak, N Moser, BR Sharma, BK Evangelista, RL Cheng, HN Lesch, WC Tangsrud, RR Biswas, A AF Sutivisedsak, Nongnuch Moser, Bryan R. Sharma, Brajendra K. Evangelista, Roque L. Cheng, Huai N. Lesch, William C. Tangsrud, Robert R. Biswas, Atanu TI Physical Properties and Fatty Acid Profiles of Oils from Black, Kidney, Great Northern, and Pinto Beans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Fatty acid; Oxidation stability; Tocopherol; Iodine value; Induction period; Common bean; Kinematic viscosity; Acid value; Antioxidant ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; DRY BEANS; METHYL-ESTERS; BIODIESEL; CONSUMPTION; PHENOLICS; RATS AB Four common beans (black, kidney, great northern, and pinto) were extracted with hexane and found to contain about 2% triacylglycerols. The fatty acids in these bean oils were mainly linolenic (41.7-46 wt%), linoleic (24.1-33.4 wt%), palmitic (10.7-12.7 wt%) and oleic (5.2-9.5 wt%). Because of the high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the bean oils had iodine values between 174 and 177 g/100 g (compared to 130 g/100 g for soybean oil). Yet, the bean oils exhibited high oxidative stability due to the presence of high amounts of tocopherols (2,670-2,970 ppm). The bean oils had lower pour points (-18 to -11 A degrees C) compared to -9 A degrees C for soybean oil. Among the four bean oils, kidney bean oil had the highest acid value (15.4 mg KOH/g) and kinematic viscosities over a wide range of temperatures. C1 [Sutivisedsak, Nongnuch; Moser, Bryan R.; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Evangelista, Roque L.; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Cheng, Huai N.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Lesch, William C.; Tangsrud, Robert R.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Mkt, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM nuch.sutivisedsak@ars.usda.gov; Atanu_biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 88 IS 2 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s11746-010-1669-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 721ND UT WOS:000287360700003 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC AF Goslee, Sarah C. TI National Land-Cover Data and Census of Agriculture Estimates of Agricultural Land-Use Area Differ in the Northeastern United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC ACCURACY; COMPLETION; NLCD AB The landscape of the northeastern United States is a complex mixture of forest, agriculture, and development. Many urgent social and environmental issues require spatially-referenced information on land-use, a need potentially met by the National Land-Cover Data (NLCD). NLCD non-site-specific accuracy from 1992 and 2001 was assessed by comparing county proportions of cropland and agricultural grassland (pasture/hay) area to those recorded in the USDA Census of Agriculture (COA) for 1992 and 2002. Estimates of total agricultural area corresponded closely (r(2) = 0.91 for 1992; 0.85 for 2001/2), but NLCD performed poorly at distinguishing between cropland and grassland (r(2) = 0.64 and 0.80 for cropland in 1992 and 2001; 0.50 and 0.44 for grassland in those years). High forest cover reduced accuracy. Landscape complexity and patch size may impede classification accuracy. Accuracy varied greatly by state, even within a single mapping region. The AID) is the best available source of spatial land-cover, but may not be suitable for applications requiring agricultural subclass data. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM Sarah.Goslee@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; Agricultural Research Service FX This work contributes to the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), jointly funded, coordinated and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service, and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 722VR UT WOS:000287463900005 ER PT J AU Churchel, MA Hanula, JL Berisford, CW Vose, JM Dalusky, MJ AF Churchel, Melissa A. Hanula, James L. Berisford, C. Wayne Vose, James M. Dalusky, Mark J. TI Impact of Imidacloprid for Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Nearby Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE streams; nontarget; aquatic insects; pesticides ID ACUTE TOXICITY; SORPTION-DESORPTION; DIFFERENT SOILS; DEGRADATION; EXPOSURE; WATER; INSECTICIDES; METABOLITES; FORMULATION; PERSISTENCE AB Imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide that acts on the nervous system, is currently being used to control hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), which is damaging hemlock trees. The objective of this study was to determine whether soil injection with imidacloprid for hemlock woolly adelgid control near streams adversely affects aquatic invertebrates. Eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis) in the watersheds surrounding four streams in the southern Appalachian region of Georgia and North Carolina were treated with imidacloprid. Addie Branch was the only stream that exhibited a possible effect from imidacloprid treatment. However, the data followed the same pattern as the other treatment streams, but with a more pronounced decrease in taxa due to adult emergence. Only a trace amount of imidacloprid was detected in one water sample from Holcomb Tributary over a period of 2 years, and no effect was observed on the aquatic macroinvertebrates in that stream. However, caution should be used when applying these results to other areas with different soil types (e.g., low organic matter content) that may not bind imidacloprid as tightly. Our results indicate that soil injections of imidacloprid can safely be used in the southern Appalachian area to control hemlock woolly adelgid. C1 [Churchel, Melissa A.; Berisford, C. Wayne; Dalusky, Mark J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Churchel, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mchurchel@yaboo.com FU US Forest Service FX The project was funded by the US Forest Service. We thank Leah Barnes, Mike Cody, and Scott Horn for helping us with pesticide treatments and Jason Harper for helping with all of the stream sampling. Thanks are also due to Steve Cole and Ron Stephens for their help with site selection and acquiring the insecticide and to Parshall Bush for his help with the water sample analysis. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 715TW UT WOS:000286911700004 ER PT J AU Barlow, R Kush, JS Boyer, WD AF Barlow, Rebecca Kush, John S. Boyer, William D. TI Sixty Years of Management on a Small Longleaf Pine Forest SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Escambia Experimental Forest; forest management; longleaf pine AB In 1948, the US Forest Service set aside a 40-ac tract on the Escambia Experimental Forest in South Alabama to demonstrate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) management for the small landowner. At that time, the management goal for this "Farm 40" was to produce high-quality poles and logs on a 60-year rotation. The goal was to be accomplished entirely through management of the existing natural forest, with little to no capital investment other than the cost for prescribed burning, marking trees for cut, and limited control of cull hardwoods. Management of the forest has continued making the Farm 40 an excellent demonstration of small-scale longleaf pine management. Frequent harvests and small capital outlay continues to make this type of management strategy especially appealing to today's landowners with limited resources. C1 [Barlow, Rebecca; Kush, John S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Boyer, William D.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Barlow, R (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 3301 Forestry & Wildlife Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM rjb0003@auburn.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 715TW UT WOS:000286911700008 ER PT J AU Fortier, CA Rodgers, JE Cintron, MS Cui, XL Foulk, JA AF Fortier, Chanel A. Rodgers, James E. Cintron, Michael S. Cui, Xiaoliang Foulk, Jonn A. TI Identification of cotton and cotton trash components by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cotton; cotton trash; FT-NIR; foreign matter; identification AB The high demand for cotton production worldwide has demonstrated the need for standardized classification of foreign matter present with cotton. Cotton trash can become comingled with fiber during the ginning and harvesting processes. The conventional instrumental method used to determine the amount of cotton trash present with cotton fiber, the high volume instrument (HVI), lacks specificity in the identification of individual trash components (leaf, etc.). Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was investigated to distinguish the individual types of cotton trash from the fiber. In this study, the concept of monitoring differences in spectral bands of cotton and cotton trash by FT-NIR spectroscopy was demonstrated and provided a 'proof of concept.' A spectral library based on NIR spectral data and pre-processing methods was developed using cotton and cotton trash samples (hull, leaf, seed coat, and stem) yielding over 97% identification accuracy of cotton trash components in the prediction set. C1 [Fortier, Chanel A.; Rodgers, James E.; Cintron, Michael S.; Cui, Xiaoliang] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Foulk, Jonn A.] ARS, USDA, Clemson, SC USA. RP Fortier, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM chanel.fortier@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 81 IS 3 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1177/0040517510383620 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 717KA UT WOS:000287041200002 ER PT J AU Cai, YY Cui, XL Rodgers, J Thibodeaux, D Martin, V Watson, M Pang, SS AF Cai, Yiyun Cui, Xiaoliang Rodgers, James Thibodeaux, Devron Martin, Vikki Watson, Mike Pang, Su-Seng TI An investigation on different parameters used for characterizing short cotton fibers SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cotton; fiber length measurement; lower half mean length; short fiber content; yarn quality AB The quantity of short fibers in a cotton sample is an important cotton quality parameter. Short cotton fibers have detrimental impacts on yarn production performance and yarn quality. There are different parameters for characterizing the amount of short fibers in a cotton sample. The most widely used parameter is short fiber content (SFC). However, SFC has a significant shortcoming of very high measured variation. An investigation was carried out to compare the short fiber parameters to find a parameter that has lower variation and predicts yarn properties similarly as SFC does, including SFC defined at 0.5 inch length, SFC defined at 16mm length, lower half mean length (LHML), floating fiber index (FFI), floating fiber percentage (FFP), and relative short fiber content (Rel. SFC). Based on our experimental data, we found that LHML had the lowest variation, was highly correlated with SFC, and predicted yarn properties similarly as SFC did. Therefore, LHML is a suitable alternative to short fiber content. C1 [Cui, Xiaoliang; Rodgers, James] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cai, Yiyun; Pang, Su-Seng] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Thibodeaux, Devron] ARS, USDA, CSRQ, Clemson, SC USA. [Martin, Vikki; Watson, Mike] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Cui, XL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM leon.cui@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated [98-620] FX This work was supported by Cotton Incorporated [Cooperative Agreement No. 98-620]. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 81 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1177/0040517510380105 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 717KA UT WOS:000287041200003 ER PT J AU Quito-Avila, DF Jelkmann, W Tzanetakis, IE Keller, K Martin, RR AF Quito-Avila, Diego F. Jelkmann, Wilhelm Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Keller, Karen Martin, Robert R. TI Complete sequence and genetic characterization of Raspberry latent virus, a novel member of the family Reoviridae SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reoviridae; Oryzavirus; Raspberry; Genome; Sequence; Latent ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CONSERVED TERMINAL SEQUENCES; RAGGED STUNT ORYZAVIRUS; FUNGUS CRYPHONECTRIA-PARASITICA; BUSHY DWARF VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; MOTTLE VIRUS; GENOME; GENUS; PHYTOREOVIRUS AB A new virus isolated from red raspberry plants and detected in the main production areas in northern Washington State, USA and British Columbia, Canada was fully sequenced and found to be a novel member of the family Reoviridae. The virus was designated as Raspberry latent virus (RpLV) based on the fact that it is symptomless when present in single infections in several Rubus virus indicators and commercial raspberry cultivars. RpLV genome is 26,128 nucleotides (nt) divided into 10 dsRNA segments. The length of the genomic segments (S) was similar to those of other reoviruses ranging from 3948 nt (Si) to 1141 nt (510). All of the segments, except S8, have the conserved terminal sequences 5'-AGUU-GAAUAC-3'. A point mutation at each terminus of S8 resulted in the sequences 5'-AGUA-GAUUAC-3'. Inverted repeats adjacent to each conserved terminus as well as stem loops and extended pan handles were identified by analyses of secondary structures of the non-coding sequences. All segments, except S3 and S10, contained a single open reading frame (ORF) on the positive sense RNAs. Two out-of-frame overlapping ORFs were identified in segments S3 (ORF S3a and S3b) and S10 (ORF S10a and S10b). Amino acid (aa) alignments of the putative proteins encoded by the main ORF in each segment revealed a high identity to several proteins encoded by reoviruses from different genera including Oryzavirus, Cypovirus, and Dinovernavirus. Alignments of the polymerase, the most conserved protein among reoviruses, revealed a 36% aa identity between RpLV and Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), the type member of the genus Oryzavirus, indicating that these two viruses are closely related. Phylogenetic analyses showed that RpLV clusters with members of the genera Oryzavirus, Cypovirus, Dinovernavirus and Fijivirus. These genera belong to the subfamily Spinareovirinae which includes reoviruses with spiked core particles ('turreted' reoviruses). In addition, two nucleotide binding motifs, regarded as 'signature' sequences among turreted reoviruses, were also found in RpLV P8, suggesting that RpLV is a novel dicot-infecting reovirus in the subfamily-Spinareovirinae. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Quito-Avila, Diego F.; Keller, Karen; Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Quito-Avila, Diego F.; Martin, Robert R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jelkmann, Wilhelm] Julius Kuhn Inst, Inst Plant Protect Fruit Crops & Viticulture, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany. [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Quito-Avila, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM quitod@onid.orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 FU US Department of Agriculture under the Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI) [2009-51181-06022] FX This work was funded partially by the US Department of Agriculture under the Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI), award number 2009-51181-06022. We are grateful to Dr. Sead Sabanadzovic from Mississippi State University for sharing unpublished data on a closely related reovirus, Simone Alt and Svenja Leible (Julius Kuhn Institute for plant protection in fruit crops and viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany) for initial sequencing work, and to growers in northern Washington State for providing plant material for initial screening and virus isolation. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.11.008 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 723YX UT WOS:000287544400003 PM 21144872 ER PT J AU Volozhantsev, NV Verevkin, VV Bannov, VA Krasilnikova, VM Myakinina, VP Zhilenkov, EL Svetoch, EA Stern, NJ Oakley, BB Seal, BS AF Volozhantsev, Nikolay V. Verevkin, Vladimir V. Bannov, Vasily A. Krasilnikova, Valentina M. Myakinina, Vera P. Zhilenkov, Eugeni L. Svetoch, Edward A. Stern, Norman J. Oakley, Brian B. Seal, Bruce S. TI The genome sequence and proteome of bacteriophage Phi CPV1 virulent for Clostridium perfringens SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Firmicutes; Anaerobe; Podoviridae; Poultry; Food-borne illness; Bacterial virus ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHI-29 TERMINAL PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LYSIS GENES; PHAGE; DNA; POULTRY; TRANSCRIPTION AB Application of bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes to control Clostridium peifringens is one potential approach to reduce the pathogen on poultry farms and in poultry-processing facilities. Bacteriophages lyric for C perfringens were isolated from sewage, feces and broiler intestinal contents and Phi CPV1, a virulent bacteriophage, was classified in the family Podoviridae. The purified virus had an icosahedral head and collar of approximately 42 nm and 23 nm in diameter, respectively, with a structurally complex tail of 37 nm lengthwise and a basal plate of 30 nm. The Phi CPV1 double-stranded DNA genome was 16,747 base pairs with a GC composition of 30.5%. Twenty-two open reading frames (ORFs) coding for putative peptides containing 30 or more amino acid residues were identified and analyzed in the genome. Amino acid sequences of the predicted proteins from the Phi CPV1 genome ORFs were compared with those from the NCBI database and potential functions of 12 proteins were predicted by sequence homology. Three putative proteins were similar to hypothetical proteins with unknown functions, whereas seven proteins did not have similarity with any known bacteriophage or bacterial proteins. Identified ORFs formed at least four genomic clusters that accounted for predicted proteins involved with replication of the viral DNA, its folding, production of structural components and lytic properties. One bacteriophage genome encoded lysin was predicted to share homology with N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases and a second structural lysin was predicted to be a lysozyme-endopeptidase. These enzymes digest peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall and could be considered potential therapeutics to control C. perfringens. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Volozhantsev, Nikolay V.; Verevkin, Vladimir V.; Bannov, Vasily A.; Krasilnikova, Valentina M.; Myakinina, Vera P.; Zhilenkov, Eugeni L.; Svetoch, Edward A.] State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol & Biotechnol, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia. [Stern, Norman J.; Oakley, Brian B.; Seal, Bruce S.] ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Volozhantsev, NV (reprint author), State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol & Biotechnol, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia. EM nikvol@obolensk.org; perelygin@obolensk.org; bruce.seal@ars.usda.gov OI Volozhantsev, Nikolay/0000-0003-4667-1451 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6612-32000-046]; Russian Federation State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology; U.S. Department of State via the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) [3108] FX Support for the research was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (CRIS project 6612-32000-046), the Russian Federation State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, and the U.S. Department of State via the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC grant #3108) administered by the ARS, USDA Office of International Research Programs (OIRP). Results from the research carried out under project #3108 were presented at the 6th CLOSTPATH Congress "Clostridia: The Impact of Genomics on Disease Control" in Rome 19-23 October, 2009. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.11.012 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 723YX UT WOS:000287544400007 PM 21144870 ER PT J AU Maree, FF Blignaut, B Aschenbrenner, L Burrage, T Rieder, E AF Maree, Francois F. Blignaut, Belinda Aschenbrenner, Lisa Burrage, Tom Rieder, Elizabeth TI Analysis of SAT1 type foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins: Influence of receptor usage on the properties of virus particles SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Infectious cDNA; Recombinant virus; Integrin receptor; Heparan sulphate proteoglycan ID BUFFALO SYNCERUS-CAFFER; GLYCINE-ASPARTIC ACID; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); CELL-CULTURE; OLIGOSACCHARIDE RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; SOUTHERN AFRICA; IN-VITRO AB The three SAT serotype viruses, endemic in Africa, are well known for their difficulty to adapt to cell culture. The viral mechanism involved in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) tissue tropism and cell-entry is not well understood. A recombinant, small plaque-forming virus (vSAT1tc), derived from a tissue culture-adapted SAT1 virus (SAR/9/81tc), revealed four amino acid substitutions (VP3 Asp192 -> Tyr; VP3 Ser217 -> Ile; VP1 Ala69 -> Gly and VP1 Asn110 -> Lys) in the capsid, compared to the SAR/9/81wt isolate collected from infected impala epithelium. One substitution added a positively charged lysine residue to the short beta F-beta G loop of VP1. Furthermore, vSAT1tc displayed a high affinity for CHO-K1 cells possibly via interaction with negatively charged sulphated polysaccharides while SAT1 impala strain relied strongly on alpha(V)beta 6 integrin receptors for cell entry. The cell culture adaptation and small plaque phenotype of vSAT1tc was accompanied by differences in particle aggregation and significant differences in acid stability. Based on limited cross neutralization data, the antigenic features seem to be unchanged. Thus, acquisition of positively charged residues in the virion may be beneficial for adaptation of SAT type field strains to cell culture. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maree, Francois F.; Blignaut, Belinda] Agr Res Council, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Transboundary Anim Dis Programme, ZA-0110 Pretoria, South Africa. [Blignaut, Belinda] Univ Pretoria, Fac Agr & Nat Sci, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Aschenbrenner, Lisa; Burrage, Tom; Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Maree, FF (reprint author), Agr Res Council, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Transboundary Anim Dis Programme, Old Soutpan Rd, ZA-0110 Pretoria, South Africa. EM mareef@arc.agric.za FU Intervet; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by funding from Intervet and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2 BP 462 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.12.002 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 723YX UT WOS:000287544400011 PM 21167231 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Werdin-Pfisterer, NR Beattie, KL AF Conn, J. S. Werdin-Pfisterer, N. R. Beattie, K. L. TI Development of the Alaska agricultural weed flora 1981-2004: a case for prevention SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE invasion pathways; weed community development; weed shifts; canopy shading; crop-weed associations; subarctic ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; FIELDS; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY; GRADIENTS; CANOPY; SHIFTS; PLANTS AB P>Alaska provides a unique laboratory to study the development of agricultural weed floras, since fields were first cleared in 1900-1985. Changes in weed species composition between 1981 and 2004 were studied in 80 agricultural fields near Fairbanks, Nenana, Delta Junction and Palmer, Alaska. Cover and density of all plants were measured in quadrats along a transect in each field. Environmental and management information were collected, including field age, weed control methods, crop, elevation, latitude, longitude, surrounding vegetation type and canopy shading. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to ordinate fields based on weed vegetation. Spearman correlations and graphical overlays were used to examine relationships between environmental and management variables and ordination axes. We found seven weed species that were new to Alaskan agriculture since 1981. Crop, canopy shading, elevation, latitude and longitude were important weed flora determinants. Two distinct weed community/crop associations were identified: (i) vegetables + potatoes and (ii) perennial grass (hay + grass seed). Non-native weed species colonised fields that were largely weed-free in 1981, when a similar weed survey was made. The failure to use weed prevention programmes since 1981, resulted in 40 000 ha of new agricultural land that must be managed for non-native weeds. C1 [Conn, J. S.; Werdin-Pfisterer, N. R.] Univ Alaska, USDA, ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Beattie, K. L.] Alaska Biol Res Inc, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, USDA, ARS, 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeff.conn@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00819.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 703SW UT WOS:000286002600007 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Lazarus, BE Hawley, GJ Halman, JM Borer, CH Hansen, CF AF Schaberg, Paul G. Lazarus, Brynne E. Hawley, Gary J. Halman, Joshua M. Borer, Catherine H. Hansen, Christopher F. TI Assessment of weather-associated causes of red spruce winter injury and consequences to aboveground carbon sequestration SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CALCIUM ADDITION; FOLIAR INJURY; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-YORK; PATTERNS; DECLINE; GROWTH; NUTRITION; SAPWOOD AB Despite considerable study, it remains uncertain what environmental factors contribute to red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) foliar winter injury and how much this injury influences tree C stores. We used a long-term record of winter injury in a plantation in New Hampshire and conducted stepwise linear regression analyses with local weather and regional pollution data to determine which parameters helped account for observed injury. Two types of weather phenomena were consistently associated with elevated injury: (i) measures of low-temperature stress that incite injury and (ii) factors that reduced the length of the growing season and predisposed trees to injury. At this plantation, there was a significant linear relationship between winter injury and growth reductions for 2 years after a severe winter injury event. Analysis using data from three New England states indicated that plantation data reflected a regional response. Using regional data, we estimated a reduction of 394 000 metric tons of C sequestered in living red spruce stems >= 20 cm in diameter growing in New York and northern New England during the 2 years following a severe winter injury event. This is a conservative estimate of reduced C sequestration because injury-induced mortality and other factors were not evaluated. C1 [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Lazarus, Brynne E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hawley, Gary J.; Halman, Joshua M.; Hansen, Christopher F.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Borer, Catherine H.] Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; USDA FX The authors are grateful to Michelle Turner and John Bennink for assistance in the field and Kurt Schaberg and Paula Murakami for their help with data analysis. Special thanks are extended to the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, the Green Mountain National Forest, the University of Vermont, the Dartmouth College Outing Club, the Carthusian Foundation, the Vermont Land Trust, Mt. Greylock State Reservation (Massachusetts), and the Sugarbush and Killington ski resorts for providing access to field sites. We also thank Drs. Arthur Johnson, Gary Lovett, David D'Amore, and Kevin Smith and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported in part through a cooperative agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency and by Northeastern States Research Cooperative and USDA CSREES McIntire-Stennis Forest Research Program funds. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1139/X10-202 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709XW UT WOS:000286475700015 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ Pratt, PD Tsutsui, ND AF Franks, Steven J. Pratt, Paul D. Tsutsui, Neil D. TI The genetic consequences of a demographic bottleneck in an introduced biological control insect SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Boreioglycaspis melaleucae; Genetic bottleneck; Invasive species; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Population genetics; Weed biological control ID BOREIOGLYCASPIS-MELALEUCAE HEMIPTERA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INVASIVE TREE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONTROL AGENT; HOST-RANGE; QUINQUENERVIA; COLONIZATION; PSYLLIDAE AB Population bottlenecks may result in the loss of genetic diversity, with potentially negative consequences for species of interest in conservation biology, including rare species, invasive species and biological control agents. We examined mtDNA sequence data and four variable microsatellite loci (SSRs) in the melaleuca psyllid Boreioglycaspis melaleucae, which was introduced from Australia to Florida as a biological control agent of the invasive plant Melaleuca quinquenervia. We sampled psyllids in the native and introduced ranges as well as individuals stored from the original founding population. There was a clear loss of mtDNA haplotype diversity, as well as a loss of rare microsatellite alleles, in the introduced range. However, there was little genetic differentiation between the home and introduced ranges, and no evidence for a genetic bottleneck based on an analysis of heterozygosity with the microsatellite markers. Overall, the data showed that the demographic bottleneck had a limited effect on the genetics of populations in the new range. C1 [Franks, Steven J.] Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Pratt, Paul D.] USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Tsutsui, Neil D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 160 Larkin Hall,441 E Fordham Rd, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. EM franks@fordham.edu FU USDA/ARS; Fordham University Research Office; USDA [NRI-CGP 2004-3502-14865]; California Structural Pest Control Board FX We thank Robyn Chiarelli and Marguerite Stetson for field work and Paul Madeira, Amy Smith and Marguerite Stetson for laboratory work. Matthew Purcell (CSIRO) provided psyllids from Australia. Microsatellites were developed by Travis Glenn and Mandy Schable (University of Georgia). An anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments. This research was funded by a USDA/ARS area-wide management grant awarded to PD Pratt, a grant to SJ Franks from the Fordham University Research Office, and grants from the USDA (NRI-CGP 2004-3502-14865) and the California Structural Pest Control Board to ND Tsutsui. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0133-5 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 703IP UT WOS:000285971900018 ER PT J AU Lind, AJ Spinks, PQ Fellers, GM Shaffer, HB AF Lind, Amy J. Spinks, Phillip Q. Fellers, Gary M. Shaffer, H. Bradley TI Rangewide phylogeography and landscape genetics of the Western U.S. endemic frog Rana boylii (Ranidae): implications for the conservation of frogs and rivers SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Declining amphibian; California; River basins; Foothill yellow-legged frog; Conservation genetics ID CALIFORNIA FLORISTIC PROVINCE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CRYPTIC VARIATION; EMYS-MARMORATA; SPOTTED FROGS; POND TURTLE; SALAMANDER AB Genetic data are increasingly being used in conservation planning for declining species. We sampled both the ecological and distributional limits of the foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii to characterize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in this declining, riverine amphibian. We evaluated 1525 base pairs (bp) of cytochrome b and ND2 fragments for 77 individuals from 34 localities using phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. We constructed gene trees using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, and quantified genetic variance (using AMOVA and partial Mantel tests) within and among hydrologic regions and river basins. Several moderately supported, geographically-cohesive mtDNA clades were recovered for R. boylii. While genetic variation was low among populations in the largest, most inclusive clade, samples from localities at the edges of the geographic range demonstrated substantial genetic divergence from each other and from more central populations. Hydrologic regions and river basins, which represent likely dispersal corridors for R. boylii, accounted for significant levels of genetic variation. These results suggest that both rivers and larger hydrologic and geographic regions should be used in conservation planning for R. boylii. C1 [Lind, Amy J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Lind, Amy J.; Spinks, Phillip Q.; Shaffer, H. Bradley] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fellers, Gary M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Shaffer, H. Bradley] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lind, AJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 1735 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM alind@fs.fed.us FU U.C. Davis Graduate Group in Ecology; U.C. Davis Center for Biosystematics; CALFED Bay-Delta Program; UC Davis Agricultural Experimental Station; NSF [0817042] FX We are indebted to M. Fujita, T. Engstrom, T. Near, D. Starkey, and J. Abramyan for their help with laboratory techniques and analyses, and the Shaffer Lab (University of California, Davis) for discussion and input on data analysis. L. Clark, D. Chester, A. Fesnock, K. Freel, P. Johnson, P. Kleeman, T. Murphey, G. Rotta, T. Sutfin, T. Tharalson, J. Uyehara, M. van Hattem, and S. Yarnell provided information on sampling localities and/or accompanied AJL in the field and helped with collecting. A. Borisenko, C. Rombough, M. Stephens, R. Grasso, K. Mathews, and L. Vance contributed tissue samples. Funding was provided by U.C. Davis Graduate Group in Ecology and U.C. Davis Center for Biosystematics (to AJL) and CALFED Bay-Delta Program, UC Davis Agricultural Experimental Station, and the NSF (#0817042) (to HBS). T. Beebee, S. Greco, and P. Moyle provided reviews and guidance on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0138-0 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 703IP UT WOS:000285971900023 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Manter, DK AF Hunter, William J. Manter, Daniel K. TI Pseudomonas seleniipraecipitatus sp. nov.: A Selenite Reducing gamma-Proteobacteria Isolated from Soil SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; FLUOROMETRIC METHOD; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; REMOVE NITRATE; MICROORGANISMS; GROUNDWATER AB A Gram-negative, yellow pigmented bacterium designated strain CA5(T) that reduced selenite to elemental red selenium was isolated from soil. 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment identified the isolate as a novel Pseudomonas species with P. argentinensis, P. flavescens, and P. straminea as its closest relatives. Sequence alignments show that the 16S rRNA gene of strain CA5(T) differed from that of P. argentinensis, P. flavescens, and P. straminea by 1.3, 1.5, and 1.7%, respectively. The G+C content was 62.8 mol%, similar to the 62.7-63 mol% reported for P. flavescens but slightly higher than the 62.5-62.6 mol% of P. straminea and significantly higher than the 57.5-58.0 mol% of P. argentinensis. The major cellular fatty acids present in the CA5(T) strain were C(18:1) omega 7c (41.1%), C(16:1) omega 6c and C(16:1) omega 7c (25.7%), C(16:0) (12.0%), C(12:0) (8.0%), C(12:0) 3-OH (4.4%), and C(10:0) 3-OH (2.9%). The cellular fatty acid profile, GC content, phenotypic properties, and biochemical characteristics were consistent with its placement within the genus Pseudomonas. The name P. seleniipraecipitatus is proposed for these bacteria. C1 [Hunter, William J.; Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1007/s00284-010-9745-8 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 706GH UT WOS:000286205500036 PM 20814680 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Manter, DK AF Hunter, William J. Manter, Daniel K. TI Increased Electrical Output when a Bacterial ABTS Oxidizer is Used in a Microbial Fuel Cell SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; DENITRIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; MEMBRANE; AIR AB Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a technology that provides electrical energy from the microbial oxidation of organic compounds. Most MFCs use oxygen as the oxidant in the cathode chamber. This study examined the formation in culture of an unidentified bacterial oxidant and investigated the performance of this oxidant in a two-chambered MFC with a proton exchange membrane and an uncoated carbon cathode. DNA, FAME profile and characterization studies identified the microorganism that produced the oxidant as Burkholderia cenocepacia. The oxidant was produced by log phase cells, oxidized the dye 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), had a mass below 1 kD, was heat stable (121A degrees C) and was soluble in ethanol. In a MFC with a 1000 Omega load and ABTS as a mediator, the oxidizer increased cell voltage 11 times higher than atmospheric oxygen and 2.9 times higher than that observed with ferricyanide in the cathode chamber. No increase in cell voltage was observed when no mediator was present. Organisms that produce and release oxidizers into the media may prove useful as bio-cathodes by improving the electrical output of MFCs. C1 [Hunter, William J.; Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1007/s00284-010-9755-6 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 706GH UT WOS:000286205500046 PM 20853166 ER PT J AU Terzi, E Kartal, SN White, RH Shinoda, K Imamura, Y AF Terzi, Evren Kartal, S. Nami White, Robert H. Shinoda, Katsumi Imamura, Yuji TI Fire performance and decay resistance of solid wood and plywood treated with quaternary ammonia compounds and common fire retardants SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID TETRAFLUOROBORATE DBF; ALKYLAMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; TERMITE RESISTANCE; LABORATORY EVALUATION; PRESERVATIVES; EFFICACY; STRENGTH; ATTACK; BORATE; SALTS AB In this study, the fire performance and decay resistance of solid wood and plywood treated with quaternary ammonia compounds (didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF)) were compared with the performance of untreated control specimens and specimens treated with common fire retardants ((monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and ammonium sulphate (AS)). Test specimens were treated with 1% and 4% (% m/v) aqueous solutions of the chemicals. The fire performance tests were the fire tube test (ASTM E 69) which measures mass losses in the specimens and the cone calorimeter test (ASTM E 1354) which measures mass loss, heat release rate, time for sustained ignition, effective heat of combustion, and specific extinction area. The results from the cone calorimeter tests were used to estimate the flame spread index (FSI) in the Steiner tunnel test (ASTM E 84). Heat release rates of the specimens treated with MAP, DAP, and AS were lower than those of both DDAC and DBF-treated specimens and the untreated control specimens. Compared with the untreated specimens, higher heat release rates were observed for the specimens treated with the quaternary ammonia compounds, DDAC and DBF. The estimates for the FSI for DDAC and DBF were for values equal to or higher than for the untreated control specimens. At higher concentration levels, MAP, DAP and AS were effective in decreasing initial contribution of heat release to potential fire. Decay resistance tests were done according to AWPA E 10 standard method using one brown-rot fungus and one white rot-fungus. Decay resistance tests revealed that solid wood specimens treated with DDAC and DBF showed resistance against the fungi tested, however, MAP, DAP and AS did not provide complete protection. While DBF and DDAC increased resistance of plywood specimens, high mass losses in plywood specimens treated with MAP, DAP and AS were obtained. C1 [Terzi, Evren; Kartal, S. Nami] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Bahcekoy, Turkey. [White, Robert H.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Shinoda, Katsumi] Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd, Pharmaceut & Cosmet Mat Res Dept, Kyoto, Japan. [Imamura, Yuji] Kyoto Univ, RISH, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Bahcekoy, Turkey. EM snkartal@istanbul.edu.tr RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 FU Istanbul University [904] FX This paper is part of a master thesis prepared by the first author at Forestry Faculty, Istanbul University and was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University, Project No. 904. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 EUR J WOOD WOOD PROD JI Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 69 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00107-009-0395-0 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 709IS UT WOS:000286432300006 ER PT J AU Ankala, A Bolla, BK Shivaji, R Williams, WP Wilkinson, JR AF Ankala, Arunkanth Bolla, Bharath K. Shivaji, Renuka Williams, W. Paul Wilkinson, Jeff R. TI Comparative analysis of the performance of Aspergillus flavus on resistant and susceptible maize genotypes during infection SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Fungal quantification; Fungal resistance; Housekeeping genes; Maize; qRT-PCR ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; SECONDARY METABOLISM; P53 GENE; PARASITICUS; PATHWAY; AFLR; CONTAMINATION; SEQUENCE; CLONING AB Several species of the genus Aspergillus are mycotoxigenic, producing carcinogenic aflatoxins in crops like peanuts and maize. Development of fungal-resistant maize cultivars is one strategy used to decrease contamination. Successful development and identification of resistant maize genotypes require evaluation of resistance including the performance of both fungus and maize during infection. In this study, we employed an RNA based quantification method using qRT-PCR to relatively quantify viable fungal tissue as well as compare the performances of both host and pathogen at different time points after inoculation. Our results suggest that A. flavus actively proliferates in both genotypes past 2 days after inoculation (dai); however, in resistant Mp313E maize growth is suppressed and reduced by 7 dai. In addition to these differences in growth, the expression profile of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes suggests that onset of aflatoxin production is earlier in the Va35 maize genotype compared to the resistant counterpart. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Ankala, Arunkanth; Bolla, Bharath K.; Shivaji, Renuka; Wilkinson, Jeff R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Williams, W. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wilkinson, JR (reprint author), 635 Parson Dr, Beaumont, TX 77706 USA. EM Jrw91@juno.com RI Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011 OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916 FU USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit [SCA 58-6406-6-039] FX This research was conducted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. This research was funded through specific cooperative agreement with the USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit (SCA 58-6406-6-039) to JRW and is approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11739 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.07.004 PG 10 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA 715BZ UT WOS:000286856700004 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB Brousse, JH Gustafson, J Kucher, M AF Davis, J. A. Jackson, C. R. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Barrett, J. B. Brousse, J. H. Gustafson, J. Kucher, M. TI Anatomical distribution and genetic relatedness of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from healthy companion animals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; clonal types; commensals; pets ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DOGS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATTERNS; BACTERIA; STRAINS; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; CANINE; PETS AB Aims: Escherichia coli have been targeted for studying antimicrobial resistance in companion animals because of opportunistic infections and as a surrogate for resistance patterns in zoonotic organisms. The aim of our study is to examine antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from various anatomical sites on healthy dogs and cats and identify genetic relatedness. Methods and Results: From May to August, 2007, healthy companion animals (155 dogs and 121 cats) from three veterinary clinics in the Athens, GA, USA, were sampled. Escherichia coli was isolated from swabs of nasal, oral, rectal, abdomen and hindquarter areas. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 16 antimicrobials was performed using broth microdilution with the Sensititre (TM) system. Clonal types were determined by a standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol. Although rectal swabs yielded the most E. coli (165/317; 52%) from dogs and cats, the organism was distributed evenly among the other body sites sampled. Escherichia coli isolates from both dogs and cats exhibited resistance to all antimicrobials tested with the exception of amikacin, cephalothin and kanamycin. Resistance to ampicillin was the most prevalent resistance phenotype detected (dogs, 33/199; 17%; and cats, 27/118; 23%). Among the resistant isolates, 21 resistance patterns were observed, where 18 patterns represented multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance 2 antimicrobial classes). Also among the resistant isolates, 33 unique clonal types were detected, where each clonal type contained isolates from various sampling sites. Similar resistance phenotypes were exhibited among clonal types, and three clonal types were from both dogs and cats. Conclusions: Healthy companion animals can harbour antimicrobial-resistant E. coli on body sites that routinely come in contact with human handlers. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study is the first report that demonstrates a diverse antimicrobial-resistant E. coli population distributed over various sites of a companion animal's body, thereby suggesting potential transfer of resistant microflora to human hosts during contact. C1 [Davis, J. A.; Jackson, C. R.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.; Barrett, J. B.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, RRC, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Brousse, J. H.] Class City Cat & Dog Clin, Athens, GA USA. [Gustafson, J.] Hope Anim Med Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Kucher, M.] Good Hands Vet Hosp, Athens, GA USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, RRC, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM charlene.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04920.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 703IZ UT WOS:000285972900023 PM 21208353 ER PT J AU Mangla, S Sheley, RL James, JJ AF Mangla, S. Sheley, R. L. James, J. J. TI Field growth comparisons of invasive alien annual and native perennial grasses in monocultures SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Pseudoroegneria spicata; Relative growth rate; Shoot weight; Taeniatherum caput medusae ID SEEDLING GROWTH; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; GREAT-BASIN; LEAF-AREA; COMPETITION; TRAITS; STRESS; SOIL AB Throughout the western United States the invasive annual grass medusahead (Taeniatherum caputmedusae L Nevski) is rapidly invading grasslands once dominated by native perennial grasses such as bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A) It is also invading grasslands dominated by less undesirable invasive annual grasses especially cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L) Understanding medusahead growth dynamics relative to native perennial grasses and cheatgrass is central to predicting and managing medusahead invasion We hypothesized that medusahead would have a higher relative growth rate (RGR) a longer period of growth and as a consequence more total biomass at the end of the growing season than the native perennial grass and cheatgrass In 2008 (dry conditions) 250 seeds and in 2009 (wet conditions) 250 and 100 seeds of each species were sown in 1 m(2) plots with 5 replicates Shoots were harvested on 3-25 day intervals throughout the growing season The native perennial grass had more biomass and higher RGR than medusahead in the dry year but the relationship was reversed in the wet year Precipitation in 2008 was well-below average and this level of drought is very infrequent based on historical weather data Medusahead had a longer period of growth and more total biomass than cheatgrass for both years We expect that medusahead will continue to invade both native perennial and less undesirable invasive annual grasslands because of its higher RGR and extended period of growth (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Mangla, S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sheley, R. L.; James, J. J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Mangla, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 307 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors wish to thank Brett Bingham and field technicians for assistance in project implementation and data collection This project was funded by USDA-Agricultural Research Service as a portion of the Area-wide EBIPM project NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.09.015 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 701GP UT WOS:000285806700016 ER PT J AU Chao, KL Yang, CC Kim, MS AF Chao, Kuanglin Yang, Chun-Chieh Kim, Moon S. TI LINE-SCAN SPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM FOR ONLINE POULTRY CARCASS INSPECTION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; SAMPLES AB A line-scan spectral imaging system was developed for online identification of wholesome and unwholesome freshly slaughtered chicken carcasses on commercial processing lines. Hyperspectral images acquired by the imaging system for 5,549 wholesome and 93 unwholesome chicken carcasses on a 140 bird per minute (bpm) processing line were analyzed to optimize region of interest size and location and determine key wavebands by which to implement online multispectral inspection based on single-waveband intensity and a two-waveband ratio. Multispectral inspection algorithms were developed for real-time online chicken inspection. The imaging system inspected over 100,000 chickens on the processing line during continuous operation and accurately identified over 99% of wholesome and over 96% of unwholesome chickens. A system of this type can perform food safety inspection tasks accurately and consistently on high-speed processing lines (e.g., at least 140 bpm), to help poultry processors improve production efficiency and satisfy increasing consumer demand for poultry products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The line-scan spectral imaging system was designed as a tool to assist poultry processors in meeting the requirements of the HACCP-Based Inspection Models Project as implemented by Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). The system is particularly well suited for presorting poultry carcasses on high-speed processing lines by removing systemically diseased birds prior to the inspection stations. This can increase efficiency and reduce cross-contamination risks by minimizing the presence and unnecessary processing of unwholesome birds on the processing line. Real-time data collection and prompt removal of unwholesome poultry carcasses can enhance the ability of FSIS to certify U.S. poultry products for both domestic and export markets. In addition, the spectral imaging methodology of this system has the potential for easy adaptation to other high-speed food processing tasks, particularly those involving automated inspection for quality indicators. C1 [Chao, Kuanglin; Yang, Chun-Chieh; Kim, Moon S.] ARS, USDA, Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8876 J9 J FOOD PROCESS ENG JI J. Food Process Eng. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 125 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2008.00341.x PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 711US UT WOS:000286617500009 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT Colburn, EA AF Brooks, Robert T. Colburn, Elizabeth A. TI Extent and Channel Morphology of Unmapped Headwater Stream Segments of the Quabbin Watershed, Massachusetts1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE headwater streams; stream survey; channel morphology; topographic maps; map accuracy ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; HYDROLOGIC PERMANENCE; RIPARIAN ZONES; CONNECTIVITY; GUIDELINES; QUALITY; SCALES; IMPACT; AREA AB Effective regulatory protection and management of headwater resources depend on consistent and accurate identification and delineation of stream occurrence. Published maps and digital resources fail to represent the true occurrence and extent of headwater streams. This study assessed the accuracy of mapped origins of "blue-line" streams depicted on U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps, and, if present, the morphological characteristics of unmapped stream segments. We identified 170 mapped stream origins on the Quabbin Reservoir watershed, Massachusetts. Of 30 mapped stream origins, we identified and examined 26 unmapped stream segments above 25, with an average length of 502 m. Twenty unmapped tributaries occurred on 10 of the 26 unmapped segments, with an average length of 127 m. Wetland reaches occurred more frequently and were larger on unmapped than on mapped stream segments. A significant and complex stream network occurs above most mapped stream origins. For the Quabbin watershed, we estimate that there are 85.8 km of unmapped stream upgradient of 314.5 km of mapped streams. Reliance on mapped stream networks for regulatory standards allows for the potential disturbance or even destruction of the unmapped stream resources. Jurisdictional regulations and guidelines should be revised so that the occurrence of streams should require field validation. C1 [Brooks, Robert T.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Colburn, Elizabeth A.] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rtbrooks@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [0452254] FX J. Bellino, M. Quattrocelli, and C. Urbanowicz assisted with field surveys. Field surveys were partially supported by National Science Foundation REU Grant 0452254 for the Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology. P. Lamothe, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Water Supply Protection provided an inventory of the mapped, blue-line stream network for the Quabbin watershed. Draft versions of the manuscript were reviewed by A. Barker Plotkin, E. Boose, B. Hall, C. Hall, K. Nislow, W. Sobczak, and three anonymous referees. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00499.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 711ZA UT WOS:000286629700016 ER PT J AU Tatineni, S Van Winkle, DH French, R AF Tatineni, Satyanarayana Van Winkle, David H. French, Roy TI The N-Terminal Region of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Coat Protein Is a Host- and Strain-Specific Long-Distance Transport Factor SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-TO-CELL; HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; TOBACCO ETCH POTYVIRUS; ERIOPHYID MITE TRANSMISSION; HC-PRO; SYSTEMIC INFECTION; VIRAL MOVEMENT; AMINO-ACID; APHID TRANSMISSIBILITY; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AB Understanding the genetics underlying host range differences among plant virus strains can provide valuable insights into viral gene functions and virus-host interactions. In this study, we examined viral determinants and mechanisms of differential infection of Zea mays inbred line SDp2 by Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) isolates. WSMV isolates Sidney 81 (WSMV-S81) and Type (WSMV-T) share 98.7% polyprotein sequence identity but differentially infect SDp2: WSMV-S81 induces a systemic infection, but WSMV-T does not. Coinoculation and sequential inoculation of SDp2 with WSMV-T and/or WSMV-S81 did not affect systemic infection by WSMV-S81, suggesting that WSMV-T does not induce a restrictive defense response but that virus-encoded proteins may be involved in differential infection of SDp2. The viral determinant responsible for strain-specific host range was mapped to the N terminus of coat protein (CP) by systematic exchanges of WSMV-S81 sequences with those of WSMV-T and by reciprocal exchanges of CP or CP codons 1 to 74. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged WSMV-S81 with CP or CP residues 1 to 74 from WSMV-T produced similar numbers of infection foci and genomic RNAs and formed virions in inoculated leaves as those produced with WSMV-S81, indicating that failure to infect SDp2 systemically is not due to defects in replication, cell-to-cell movement, or virion assembly. However, these GFP-tagged hybrids showed profound defects in long-distance transport of virus through the phloem. Furthermore, we found that four of the five differing amino acids in the N terminus of CP between the WSMV-S81 and WSMV-T isolates were collectively involved in systemic infection of SDp2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the N-terminal region of tritimoviral CP functions in host- and strain-specific long-distance movement. C1 [Tatineni, Satyanarayana] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tatineni, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Satyanarayana.tatineni@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1718 EP 1731 DI 10.1128/JVI.02044-10 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 709EP UT WOS:000286420900029 PM 21147925 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 36 EP 36 DI 10.1038/laban0211-36a PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 712DX UT WOS:000286646000008 PM 21252974 ER PT J AU Hua, SST Brandl, MT Hernlem, B Eng, JG Sarreal, SBL AF Hua, Sui Sheng T. Brandl, Maria T. Hernlem, Bradley Eng, Jeffrey G. Sarreal, Siov Bouy L. TI Fluorescent Viability Stains to Probe the Metabolic Status of Aflatoxigenic Fungus in Dual Culture of Aspergillus flavus and Pichia anomala SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Yeast; Fungus; Fluorescence; Mechanism of biocontrol ID HIGH-MOISTURE WHEAT; AIRTIGHT CONDITIONS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL; DISEASES; YEASTS; ASSAY; DYES AB The metabolic activity of the aflatoxigenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus co-cultured with the biocontrol yeast, Pichia anomala was examined using several viability stains. Both the FUN-1 stain and the combined use of DiBAC(4)(5) with CDFA-AM stains were applied in this study. The results suggest that the ATP-generating system in A. flavus was inactivated as the ratio of yeasts to fungi increased in the dual culture. A decrease in hyphal membrane potential and esterase activity was substantiated by the combined stains of DiBAC(4)(5) and CDFA-AM. Reduced metabolic function in conjunction with cell wall damage of A. flavus hindered the growth and biomass production of this fungus. Viability stains such as FUN-1 and DiBAC(4)(5) with CDFA-AM may assist in elucidating the biocontrol mechanism by allowing for the visualization of the antagonistic effect of yeast species on target fungi in situ, as well as for screening potent biocontrol yeast agents against fungal pathogens. C1 [Hua, Sui Sheng T.; Brandl, Maria T.; Hernlem, Bradley; Eng, Jeffrey G.; Sarreal, Siov Bouy L.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hua, SST (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sylvia.hua@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 2011 VL 171 IS 2 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s11046-010-9352-z PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 705BN UT WOS:000286103500007 PM 20680685 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Provenza, FD AF Werner, Scott J. Provenza, Frederick D. TI Reconciling sensory cues and varied consequences of avian repellents SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; Anthraquinone; Avoidance learning; Chemical repellent; Feeding behavior; Methiocarb; Methyl anthranilate ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; REGISTERED PESTICIDES; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; RICE; STARLINGS; AVERSIONS; COLOR AB We learned previously that red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) use affective processes to shift flavor preference, and cognitive associations (colors) to avoid food, subsequent to avoidance conditioning. We conducted three experiments with captive red-winged blackbirds to reconcile varied consequences of treated food with conditioned sensory cues. In Experiment 1, we compared food avoidance conditioned with lithium chloride (LiCl) or naloxone hydrochloride (NHCl) to evaluate cue-consequence specificity. All blackbirds conditioned with LiCl (gastrointestinal toxin) avoided the color (red) and flavor (NaCl) of food experienced during conditioning; birds conditioned with NHCl (opioid antagonist) avoided only the color (not the flavor) of food subsequent to conditioning. In Experiment 2, we conditioned experimentally naive blackbirds using free choice of colored (red) and flavored (NaCl) food paired with an anthraquinone- (postingestive, cathartic purgative), methiocarb- (postingestive, cholinesterase inhibitor), or methyl anthranilate-based repellent (preingestive, trigeminal irritant). Birds conditioned with the postingestive repellents avoided the color and flavor of foods experienced during conditioning; methyl anthranilate conditioned only color (not flavor) avoidance. In Experiment 3, we used a third group of blackbirds to evaluate effects of novel comparison cues (blue, citric acid) subsequent to conditioning with red and NaCl paired with anthraquinone or methiocarb. Birds conditioned with the postingestive repellents did not avoid conditioned color or flavor cues when novel comparison cues were presented during the test. Thus, blackbirds cognitively associate pre- and postingestive consequences with visual cues, and reliably integrate visual and gustatory experience with postingestive consequences to procure nutrients and avoid toxins. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Werner, Scott J.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Provenza, Frederick D.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 102 IS 2 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.10.012 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 713BY UT WOS:000286711200007 PM 20971129 ER PT J AU Jia, Y Anderson, JV Chao, WS AF Jia, Ying Anderson, James V. Chao, Wun S. TI Autophosphorylation is crucial for CDK-activating kinase (Ee;CDKF;1) activity and complex formation in leafy spurge SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autophosphorylation; CDK-activating kinase; Leafy spurge; Protein complexes; Protein-protein interaction ID CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIIH; CARBOXY-TERMINAL DOMAIN; RING FINGER PROTEIN; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PLANT-CELL CYCLE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BUDDING YEAST; ASSEMBLY FACTOR; IN-VIVO AB Ee;CDKF;1 protein is a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) CDK-activating kinase that is involved in a phosphorylation cascade linked to early stages of cell cycle progression. Yeast two-hybrid screening performed using Ee;CDKF:1 as a bait indicated that one of the interacting proteins was Ee:CDKF:1. Protein-protein interaction of Ee:CDKF:1 was further confirmed by yeast two-hybrid interaction and in vitro pull-down assays. Gel exclusion chromatography and/or native PAGE showed that GST-CDKF;1, MBP-CDKF;1, GST-CDKF;1 devoid of GST, and endogenous Ee;CDKF;1 were capable of forming homo protein complexes which are in dimer, trimer, and/or higher molecular-mass complex in its native state. In addition, Ee;CDKF;1 complexes were autophosphorylated and able to phosphorylate CDK. Moreover, mutant forms of Ee;CDKF;1 (106G/A, 166K/A), which lost autophosphorylation capability completely, were unable to form homo protein complexes in their native state. The result thus demonstrated that autophosphorylation of Ee;CDKF:1 is crucial for both kinase activity and complex formation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, James V.; Chao, Wun S.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Jia, Ying] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM wun.chao@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 FU USDA-ARS [5442-21220-017-00D] FX The authors acknowledge Wayne Sargent, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, for his technical assistance. This research was funded by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 5442-21220-017-00D. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 180 IS 2 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.08.017 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 711CB UT WOS:000286562200012 PM 21421369 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Murai, N Fang, DD Triplett, BA AF Kim, Hee Jin Murai, Norimoto Fang, David D. Triplett, Barbara A. TI Functional analysis of Gossypium hirsutum cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 4 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis and cotton tissues SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cellulose synthase catalytic subunit; Cellulose biosynthesis; Cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; Promoter analysis; Secondary cell wall ID CELLULOSE SYNTHASE; HAIRY ROOTS; CELL-WALL; AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES; PROTEIN GENE; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; HIGHER-PLANTS; CIS-ELEMENTS; DNA-BINDING; EXPRESSION AB Gossypium hirsutum cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 4 (GhCesA4) plays an important role in cellulose biosynthesis during cotton fiber development. The transcript levels of GhCesA4 are significantly up-regulated as secondary cell wall cellulose is produced in developing cotton fibers. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of GhCesA4, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity regulated by a GhCesA4 promoter (-2574/+56) or progressively deleted promoters were determined in both cotton tissues and transgenic Arabidopsis. The spatial regulation of GhCesA4 expression was similar between cotton tissues and transgenic Arabidopsis. GUS activity regulated by the GhCesA4 promoter (-2574/+56) was found in trichomes and root vascular tissues in both cotton and transgenic Arabidopsis. The -2574/-1824 region was responsible for up-regulation of GhCesA4 expression in trichomes and root vascular tissues in transgenic Arabidopsis. The -1824/-1355 region negatively regulated GhCesA4 expression in most Arabidopsis vascular tissues. For vascular expression in stems and leaves, the -898/-693 region was required. The -693/-320 region of the GhCesA4 promoter was necessary for basal expression of GhCesA4 in cotton roots as well as Arabidopsis roots. Exogenous phytohormonal treatments on transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that phytohormones may be involved in the differential regulation of GhCesA4 during cotton fiber development. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Kim, Hee Jin; Fang, David D.; Triplett, Barbara A.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Murai, Norimoto] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Murai, Norimoto] LSU Agr Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM heejin.kim@ars.usda.gov OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 FU USDA-ARS; NASA; National Science Foundation; Louisiana State Support Program of Cotton Incorporated FX This work was supported by the USDA-ARS, NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Louisiana State Support Program of Cotton Incorporated. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. David M. Stelly, Dr. C. Wayne Smith, and the Department of Soil & Crop Sciences at Texas A&M University for their generosity and hospitality in hosting us after our laboratories in New Orleans were damaged from Hurricane Katrina. We also thank Drs. Jeffrey Cary and Sukumar Saha of USDA-ARS for critically reading the manuscript. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 180 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.10.003 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 711CB UT WOS:000286562200020 PM 21421377 ER PT J AU Yu, XG Bai, GH Luo, N Chen, ZB Liu, SW Liu, JX Warnke, SE Jiang, YW AF Yu, Xiaoging Bai, Guihua Luo, Na Chen, Zhenbang Liu, Shuwei Liu, Jianxiu Warnke, Scott E. Jiang, Yiwei TI Association of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with submergence tolerance in diverse populations of perennial ryegrass SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Submergence tolerance; Association mapping; SSR markers; Perennial ryegrass ID SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; LOLIUM-PERENNE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; BENTGRASS CULTIVARS; FLOODING TOLERANCE; FLOWERING TIME; L. CULTIVARS; MAIZE AB Submergence stress can cause the death of grass plants. Identification of the association between molecular markers and submergence tolerance-related traits facilitates an efficient selection of the tolerant cultivars for commercial production. A global collection of 99 diverse perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) accessions was evaluated for submergence tolerance and analyzed with 109 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Submergence significantly reduced leaf color, chlorophyll fluorescence (F(v)/F(m)), maximum plant height (HT), and relative growth rate (RGR). Significant variations in these trail: values were observed among the accessions under submerged conditions. Rapid linkage-disequilibriurn (LD) decay was identified within 4 cM. The analysis of population structure (Q) identified four subpopulations in the collection, but no obvious relative kinship (K) was found. The Q model was the best to describe associations between SSR and traits, compared to the simple linear, K, and Q+K models. Fifteen SSR markers were associated with a reduction in leaf color, F(v)/F(m), HT, and RGR under submergence stress using the Q model. These markers can be used for genetic improvement of submergence tolerance of perennial ryegrass after further validation. The diverse populations of perennial ryegrass is a valuable resource for association mapping of stress tolerance-related physiological traits. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Xiaoging; Luo, Na; Liu, Shuwei; Jiang, Yiwei] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bai, Guihua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Zhenbang] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Liu, Jianxiu] Jiangsu Prov & Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. [Warnke, Scott E.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jiang, YW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yjiang@purdue.edu FU Midwest Regional Turfgrass Foundation at Purdue University FX This project is supported by the Midwest Regional Turfgrass Foundation at Purdue University. The authors thank Jiapei Van for assistance in sample collection. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 180 IS 2 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.10.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 711CB UT WOS:000286562200028 PM 21421385 ER PT J AU Olanrewaju, HA Collier, SD Branton, SL AF Olanrewaju, H. A. Collier, S. D. Branton, S. L. TI Effects of single and combined Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccinations on blood electrolytes and acid-base balance in commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; vaccine; acid-base balance; layer ID QUALITY PARAMETERS; BROILER-CHICKENS; VACCINE; INOCULATION; INFECTION; LAYERS; TEMPERATURES; METABOLISM; RESPONSES; POULTRY AB A previous study from our laboratory on F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum-inoculated layers showed a significant increase in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)), which is generally associated with an oxygen-dependent improvement in tissue oxygenation. The aim of this study was to determine whether a killed (bacterin) and live TS-11-strain M. gallisepticum (TS-11-MG) vaccine treatment combination could further enhance the arterial pO(2) levels in layer chickens. The experiment was conducted in 2 trials and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of a control M. gallisepticum, bacterin, TS-11-MG, and bacterin + TS-11-MG combined, with all treatments receiving the R low strain of MG at 30 wk of age (WOA). In each of the 2 trials, 160 one-day-old MG-free pullets were raised to 10 WOA and were transported to a poultry disease isolation facility. Sixteen isolation units were divided into 4 treatment groups, and each of the 4 treatment groups had 4 replication units, with 10 birds/unit (40 birds/treatment). Venous blood samples were collected at the termination of the study at 56 WOA. The TS-11-MG-vaccinated chickens had a higher (P <= 0.05) blood pO(2) and a lower (P <= 0.05) partial pressure of CO(2) when compared with the control and combined MG-vaccinated groups. However, no significant blood pO(2) differences were observed between the bacterin and TS-11-MG treatment groups. Hematocrit and blood concentrations of hemoglobin were not statistically different among treatments, but were numerically higher in the TS-11-MG treatment group. There was a significant (P <= 0.05) treatment effect on blood concentrations of Na(+), Ca(2+), and anion, but no significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, or osmolality. These data suggest that the inoculation of layers with TS-11-MG was more effective in elevating pO(2) than was inoculation with TS-11-MG + bacterin combined. C1 [Olanrewaju, H. A.; Collier, S. D.; Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Olanrewaju, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Hammed.Olanrewaju@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 358 EP 363 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-01006 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 708PQ UT WOS:000286376600008 PM 21248332 ER PT J AU Pelaez, J Bongalhardo, DC Long, JA AF Pelaez, J. Bongalhardo, D. C. Long, J. A. TI Characterizing the glycocalyx of poultry spermatozoa: III. Semen cryopreservation methods alter the carbohydrate component of rooster sperm membrane glycoconjugates SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; sperm glycocalyx; semen cryopreservation; flow cytometry; lectin ID CHICKEN SPERMATOZOA; IN-VIVO; FOWL; GLYCEROL; STORAGE; FERTILITY; EGG; IDENTIFICATION; FERTILIZATION; GLYCOPROTEINS AB The carbohydrate-rich zone on the sperm surface is essential for inmunoprotection in the female tract and early gamete interactions. We recently have shown the glycocalyx of chicken sperm to be extensively sialylated and to contain residues of mannose, glucose, galactose, fucose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-lactosamine. Our objective here was to evaluate the effects of 3 different cryopreservation methods on the sperm glycocalyx. Semen from roosters was pooled, diluted, cooled to 5 degrees C, and aliquoted for cryopreservation using 6% dimethylacetamide (DMA), 11% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or 11% glycerol (GOH). For the DMA method, semen was equilibrated for 1 min with cryoprotectant and rapidly frozen by dropping 25-mu L aliquots into liquid nitrogen. For the other methods, semen was equilibrated for either 1 min (DMSO) or 20 min (GOH), loaded into straws, and frozen with a programmable freezer. Thawing rates mimicked the freezing rates (e. g., rapid for DMA; moderate for DMSO and GOH). Aliquots of thawed and fresh, unfrozen semen were incubated with 1 of 12 fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins and counterstained with propidium iodide, and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was assessed by flow cytometry. For each lectin, the MFI of propidium iodidenegative (viable sperm) was compared among the fresh and frozen-thawed treatments (n = 5). For sperm frozen with GOH and DMA, the MFI of most lectins was similar (P > 0.05) to that of fresh sperm, whereas only 5 of 12 lectins were similar between fresh and DMSO-frozen sperm. Sperm from all 3 methods had higher (P < 0.05) MFI for lectins specific for N-acetyl-glucosamine and beta-galactose than did fresh sperm. Fewer sperm were damaged (P < 0.001) with GOH than with DMA or DMSO, and membrane integrity was correlated with MFI for 9 of 12 lectins (P < 0.05). These data indicate that surface carbohydrates are altered during cryopreservation, and that cryoprotectant type and freezing-thawing rates affect the degree of modification. Although the glycoconjugates have not yet been identified, it is likely that these cryopreservation-induced changes contribute to the reduced fertility of frozen-thawed chicken semen. C1 [Pelaez, J.; Bongalhardo, D. C.; Long, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Julie.Long@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service [1265-31000-83-00D]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Madrid, Spain); Office of International Relations of the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC) FX Supported in part by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service project "Analysis of Sperm Storage Mechanisms in Poultry" (Project no. 1265-31000-83-00D) and the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Madrid, Spain). Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or imply its approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or vendors.; We thank W. Smoot [Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, MD] for assistance in semen collection, as well as T. Conn (BARC) and G. Welch (BARC) for valuable expertise in laboratory management and flow cytometry analysis. The sponsorship provided by the Office of International Relations of the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC) for the postdoctoral stay of J. Pelaez is greatly appreciated. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00998 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 708PQ UT WOS:000286376600018 PM 21248342 ER PT J AU Reyes-Herrera, I Schneider, MJ Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF Reyes-Herrera, I. Schneider, M. J. Blore, P. J. Donoghue, D. J. TI The relationship between blood and muscle samples to monitor for residues of the antibiotic enrofloxacin in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibiotic residue; monitoring; enrofloxacin; blood:tissue ratio; broiler ID FLUORESCENCE-MASS SPECTROMETRY(N); FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS; BEEF KIDNEY JUICE; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; BROILER-CHICKENS; TISSUE; SERUM; DISPOSITION; PLASMA; PHARMACOKINETICS AB In 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration withdrew approval for use of enrofloxacin in poultry, thus effectively imposing zero tolerance for residues of this antibiotic in poultry. Conventional residue monitoring for most antibiotics, including enrofloxacin, involves removing poultry carcasses from the processing line and collecting muscle tissues for analysis. Because of the loss of valuable edible products and the difficulties and expense of sampling all the carcasses, only a small portion of carcasses are tested for violative residues. Unlike muscle tissue, blood is readily available from all birds at the beginning of processing and may be used to screen for illegal residues in all poultry carcasses. It is unknown, however, if enrofloxacin concentrations in blood are predictive of muscle concentrations. In an effort to evaluate this relationship, 156 broiler chickens, 5 wk of age, were dosed with either 25 or 50 mu g/mL of enrofloxacin for 3 or 7 d, respectively, in the drinking water. Blood and muscle samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h (n = 6 birds/group) during the first dosing day, every 48 h during the dosing period, and every 12 h during the withdrawal period for up to 60 h after withdrawal. Enrofloxacin residues were determined in all blood and tissue samples during the dosing periods and in most of the withdrawal period for both doses. These results support the potential to use blood to screen for illegal enrofloxacin residues in edible poultry tissues in an effort to protect the human food supply. C1 [Reyes-Herrera, I.; Blore, P. J.; Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Schneider, M. J.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-01057 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 708PQ UT WOS:000286376600023 PM 21248347 ER PT J AU Hannah, JF Cason, JA Richardson, JR Cox, NA Hinton, A Buhr, RJ Smith, DP AF Hannah, J. F. Cason, J. A. Richardson, J. R. Cox, N. A. Hinton, A., Jr. Buhr, R. J. Smith, D. P. TI Effect of stomaching on numbers of bacteria recovered from chicken skin SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken skin; stomaching; bacteria; recovery; equilibrium ID CARCASSES; IMMERSION; SURFACES; COUNTS AB Stomaching of skin samples releases only slightly more bacteria than a single rinse. Successive rinses, however, continue to remove almost as many bacteria as the first rinse. One hypothesis to explain this observation is that relatively violent treatment of skin generates smaller pieces of skin, thus increasing the net surface area and effectively sequestering bacteria in a water film on the skin pieces so that numbers of bacteria suspended in the rinsate do not increase. An experiment was conducted to determine whether inoculated marker bacteria are removed from the rinse liquid as skin pieces are stomached and naturally occurring bacteria are released. In each of 4 replications, 5 prechill broiler carcasses were collected from a commercial processing plant. Two 5-g pieces (n = 40) of breast skin were removed from each carcass and placed in a stomacher bag. An inoculum of 30 mL of 0.85% saline solution containing approximately 10(4) of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium per milliliter was added to each sample. Skin samples were hand-massaged for 30 s to mix the inoculum, after which a 1-mL aliquot was removed for enumeration of bacteria. A similar sample was taken after 4 min of vigorous stomaching of the skin sample. Bacterial counts recovered from the 30-s hand-massage were 4.3, 2.7, 2.6, and 3.7 log(10) cfu/mL of rinsate for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella, respectively. After stomaching, counts were 4.3, 2.9, 2.8, and 3.8, respectively. There was no difference in aerobic plate counts, but mean coliform and E. coli counts were significantly higher (P < 0.05) after stomaching. Numbers of inoculated Salmonella did not decrease. Breaking up the skin into smaller pieces by stomaching did not reduce the number of inoculated bacteria suspended in the rinsate. C1 [Cason, J. A.; Richardson, J. R.; Cox, N. A.; Hinton, A., Jr.; Buhr, R. J.; Smith, D. P.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hannah, J. F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM john.cason@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 491 EP 493 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00477 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 708PQ UT WOS:000286376600025 PM 21248349 ER PT J AU Metcalf, JH Donoghue, AM Venkitanarayanan, K Reyes-Herrera, I Aguiar, VF Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF Metcalf, J. H. Donoghue, A. M. Venkitanarayanan, K. Reyes-Herrera, I. Aguiar, V. F. Blore, P. J. Donoghue, D. J. TI Water administration of the medium-chain fatty acid caprylic acid produced variable efficacy against enteric Campylobacter colonization in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sodium octanoate; caprylic acid; broiler; water; Campylobacter ID IN-VITRO INACTIVATION; JEJUNI COLONIZATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRINKING-WATER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHICKENS; FOOD; INFECTION; MONOGLYCERIDES; SOLUBILITY AB Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness, and poultry are considered a primary source of Campylobacter infections. Caprylic acid, an 8-carbon fatty acid, has been shown in previous studies to reduce enteric cecal Campylobacter concentrations in poultry when administered in the feed. For greater ease of application for producers, a water-soluble form of caprylic acid, sodium octanoate, was evaluated for efficacy against enteric Campylobacter. The first trial consisted of 70 birds in 7 groups (n = 10 chicks/group): an untreated control and 6 other groups that were challenged with Campylobacter at d 3 and that received 0, 0.175, 0.35, 0.7, 1.4, or 2.8% water-soluble caprylic acid in water 3 d before necropsy at d 14. The second trial consisted of 80 birds in 8 groups (n = 10 chicks/group): an untreated negative control and 7 other groups, all of which were challenged with Campylobacter at d 3 and received 0, 0.044, 0.088, 0.175, 0.35, 0.7, or 1.4% water-soluble caprylic acid for 3 d before necropsy at d 14. In trial 1, only the 0.175% dose caused a reduction in cecal Campylobacter counts in comparison with the positive control (approximately a 3-log reduction). In trial 2, no treatment reduced Campylobacter counts compared with the positive control. Unlike the efficacy of caprylic acid in feed, treatment with caprylic acid in water had an inconsistent effect on intestinal Campylobacter counts. C1 [Metcalf, J. H.; Reyes-Herrera, I.; Aguiar, V. F.; Blore, P. J.; Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Venkitanarayanan, K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu FU USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), Washington, DC [2006-02429] FX Funded in part by USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), National Integrated Food Safety Program (2006-02429; Washington, DC) to Venkitanarayanan and Donoghue. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 494 EP 497 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00891 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 708PQ UT WOS:000286376600026 PM 21248350 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, OA Robinson, AF Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Wubben, MJ Callahan, FE Nichols, RL AF Gutierrez, Osman A. Robinson, Arin F. Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Wubben, Martin J. Callahan, Franklin E. Nichols, Robert L. TI Identification of QTL regions and SSR markers associated with resistance to reniform nematode in Gossypium barbadense L. accession GB713 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INCOGNITA RACE 3; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; UPLAND COTTON; GERMPLASM; GENES; INTROGRESSION; POPULATIONS; LONGICALYX; CULTIVARS; HIRSUTUM AB The identification of molecular markers that are closely linked to gene(s) in Gossypium barbadense L. accession GB713 that confer a high level of resistance to reniform nematode (RN), Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, would be very useful in cotton breeding programs. Our objectives were to determine the inheritance of RN resistance in the accession GB713, to identify SSR markers linked with RN resistance QTLs, and to map these linked markers to specific chromosomes. We grew and scored plants for RN reproduction in the P(1), P(2), F(1), F(2), BC(1)P(1), and BC(1)P(2) generations from the cross of GB713 x Acala Nem-X. The generation means analysis using the six generations indicated that one or more genes were involved in the RN resistance of GB713. The interspecific F(2) population of 300 plants was genotyped with SSR molecular markers that covered most of the chromosomes of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.). Results showed two QTLs on chromosome 21 and one QTL on chromosome 18. One QTL on chromosome 21 was at map position 168.6 (LOD 28.0) flanked by SSR markers, BNL 1551_162 and GH 132_199 at positions 154.2 and 177.3, respectively. A second QTL on chromosome 21 was at map position 182.7 (LOD 24.6) flanked by SSR markers BNL 4011_155 and BNL 3279_106 at positions 180.6 and 184.5, respectively. Our chromosome 21 map had 61 SSR markers covering 219 cM. One QTL with smaller genetic effects was localized to chromosome 18 at map position 39.6 (LOD 4.0) and flanked by SSR markers BNL 1721_178 and BNL 569_131 at positions 27.6 and 42.9, respectively. The two QTLs on chromosome 21 had significant additive and dominance effects, which were about equal for each QTL. The QTL on chromosome 18 showed larger additive than dominance effects. Following the precedent set by the naming of the G. longicalyx Hutchinson & Lee and G. aridum [(Rose & Standley) Skovsted] sources of resistance, we suggest the usage of Ren (barb1) and Ren (barb2) to designate these QTLs on chromosome 21 and Ren (barb3) on chromosome 18. C1 [Gutierrez, Osman A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Robinson, Arin F.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C.; Wubben, Martin J.; Callahan, Franklin E.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Gutierrez, OA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM oag1@msstate.edu FU Cotton Incorporated Breeding and Genetics Initiative FX The authors would like to express thanks to Mr. Douglas Dollar for his technical assistance. In addition, the authors want to express their gratitude to Dr. Alois A. Bell for his fruitful discussion regarding the inheritance of RN resistance. This research was partially funded by a cooperative research agreement from Cotton Incorporated Breeding and Genetics Initiative Program. Contribution of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, in cooperation with the USDA-ARS. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11873 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. Mention of a trademark, warranty, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee by Mississippi State University or the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 122 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1442-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 706DP UT WOS:000286198000003 PM 20845024 ER PT J AU Sagredo, B Lorenzen, J Casper, H Lafta, A AF Sagredo, B. Lorenzen, J. Casper, H. Lafta, A. TI Linkage analysis of a rare alkaloid present in a tetraploid potato with Solanum chacoense background SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; BACKCROSS FAMILIES; RESISTANCE; BITTER; BEETLE; PLANT; TUBEROSUM; BURDEN; GENES AB The potato genotype ND4382-19 has Solanum chacoense Bitt. in its genetic background. Foliar alkaloid analysis of it and its progeny ND5873 (ND4382-19 x Chipeta) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that, in addition to the expected alkaloids (solanidine, leptinidine, and acetyl-leptinidine), there was an aglycone of another rare alkaloid. Its molecular mass and some of the m/z fragment ions were similar to leptinidine, but the major fragment ion was the m/z 150 peak of solanidine. This fragmentation pattern suggested that this alkaloid is a solanidine-based compound with mass equal to leptinidine. Leptinidine differs from solanidine by an extra -OH group, but the GC-MS fragmentation pattern of the rare compound indicated hydroxylation at a different position than the C-23 of leptinidine. The exact chemical structure is still unknown, and further analysis, such as NMR will be necessary to determine the structure. Segregation analysis of ND5873 (ND4382-19 x Chipeta) showed that presence of this rare compound segregated in a 1:1 ratio, indicating that a single gene controlled its synthesis and/or accumulation in foliar tissue. Analysis with AFLP and microsatellite markers indicated that the locus-controlling presence of this alkaloid resided on potato chromosome I, with the nearest flanking AFLP markers 0.6 and 9.4 cM apart. This rare alkaloid was present in the foliage and not detected in potato tubers. Its presence in leaves did not affect resistance/susceptibility to Colorado potato beetle. C1 [Sagredo, B.] CEAF, CRI Rayentue, Inst Invest Agropecuarias INIA, Sector Choapinos, Rengo, Chile. [Lorenzen, J.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Kampala, Uganda. [Casper, H.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Lafta, A.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Sagredo, B (reprint author), CEAF, CRI Rayentue, Inst Invest Agropecuarias INIA, Sector Choapinos, Av Salamanca S-N,Casilla 13, Rengo, Chile. EM bsagredo@inia.cl FU McKnight Foundation; USDA-CSREES [97-34141-4122] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the skillful assistance of M. Thoresen in growing and maintaining plants and field trials. Funding for this project was provided by the McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program and from the USDA-CSREES funding support (97-34141-4122). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 122 IS 3 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1461-z PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 711NO UT WOS:000286598900002 PM 20924746 ER PT J AU Newell, MA Cook, D Tinker, NA Jannink, JL AF Newell, M. A. Cook, D. Tinker, N. A. Jannink, J. -L. TI Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in oat (Avena sativa L.): implications for genome-wide association studies SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; MAIZE; COMPONENTS; DIVERSITY; TRAITS; PLANTS AB The level of population structure and the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) can have large impacts on the power, resolution, and design of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in plants. Until recently, the topics of LD and population structure have not been explored in oat due to the lack of a high-throughput, high-density marker system. The objectives of this research were to survey the level of population structure and the extent of LD in oat germplasm and determine their implications for GWAS. In total, 1,205 lines and 402 diversity array technology (DArT) markers were used to explore population structure. Principal component analysis and model-based cluster analysis of these data indicated that, for the lines used in this study, relatively weak population structure exists. To explore LD decay, map distances of 2,225 linked DArT marker pairs were compared with LD (estimated as r (2)). Results showed that LD between linked markers decayed rapidly to r (2) = 0.2 for marker pairs with a map distance of 1.0 centi-Morgan (cM). For GWAS, we suggest a minimum of one marker every cM, but higher densities of markers should increase marker-QTL association and therefore detection power. Additionally, it was found that LD was relatively consistent across the majority of germplasm clusters. These findings suggest that GWAS in oat can include germplasm with diverse origins and backgrounds. The results from this research demonstrate the feasibility of GWAS and related analyses in oat. C1 [Tinker, N. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, ECORC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Newell, M. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cook, D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jannink, J. -L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tinker, NA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, ECORC, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM nick.tinker@agr.gc.ca; jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA [2008-55301-18746]; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; North American Milling Association FX We thank Adrienne Moran-Lauter, Charlene Wight, and Andrezej Kilian for excellent technical assistance. We thank the following for contributing germplasm: Franco Asoro, Jennifer Mitchel Fetch, Weikai Yan, Stephen Harrison, Heidi Kaeppler, Ron Barnet, Mike McMullen, Herbert Ohm, Deon Stuthman, Brian Rossnagel, Tom Fetch, Luiz Carlos Federizzi, Axel Diedericsen, Hermann Burstmayr. We thank the following for allowing us to access unpublished marker data from additional segregating oat populations: Luiz Carlos Federizzi, Itamar Nava, Steve Molnar, Kyle Gardner, Brian Rossnagel, Aaron Beattie, Eric Jackson, and Rebekah Oliver. We greatly appreciate the contributions of many additional collaborators, too numerous to list, to the germplasm collections and to the additional mapping work. Funding for this work was provided by USDA-NIFA grant number 2008-55301-18746 "Association genetics of beta-glucan metabolism to enhance oat germplasm for food and nutritional function," Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and the North American Milling Association. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 122 IS 3 BP 623 EP 632 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1474-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 711NO UT WOS:000286598900015 PM 21042793 ER PT J AU Simons, K Abate, Z Chao, SM Zhang, WJ Rouse, M Jin, Y Elias, E Dubcovsky, J AF Simons, Kristin Abate, Zewdie Chao, Shiaoman Zhang, Wenjun Rouse, Matt Jin, Yue Elias, Elias Dubcovsky, Jorge TI Genetic mapping of stem rust resistance gene Sr13 in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp durum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; AESTIVUM L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; RACE TTKS; LINES; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; VALIDATION; GERMPLASM; SR36 AB Wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can cause significant yield losses. To combat the disease, breeders have deployed resistance genes both individually and in combinations to increase resistance durability. A new race, TTKSK (Ug99), identified in Uganda in 1999 is virulent on most of the resistance genes currently deployed, and is rapidly spreading to other regions of the world. It is therefore important to identify, map, and deploy resistance genes that are still effective against TTKSK. One of these resistance genes, Sr13, was previously assigned to the long arm of chromosome 6A, but its precise map location was not known. In this study, the genome location of Sr13 was determined in four tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum) mapping populations involving the TTKSK resistant varieties Kronos, Kofa, Medora and Sceptre. Our results showed that resistance was linked to common molecular markers in all four populations, suggesting that these durum lines carry the same resistance gene. Based on its chromosome location and infection types against different races of stem rust, this gene is postulated to be Sr13. Sr13 was mapped within a 1.2-2.8 cM interval (depending on the mapping population) between EST markers CD926040 and BE471213, which corresponds to a 285-kb region in rice chromosome 2, and a 3.1-Mb region in Brachypodium chromosome 3. These maps will be the foundation for developing high-density maps, identifying diagnostic markers, and positional cloning of Sr13. C1 [Simons, Kristin; Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Abate, Zewdie; Zhang, Wenjun; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rouse, Matt; Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Elias, Elias] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plants Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Chao, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM shiaoman.chao@ars.usda.gov RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-65300-05640]; USDA-ARS [5442-22000-030-00D] FX This project was supported in part by funds provided through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Cornell University for the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) Project (JD), in part by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-65300-05640 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (JD), and in part by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5442-22000-030-00D (SC). NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 122 IS 3 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1444-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 711NO UT WOS:000286598900018 PM 20857083 ER PT J AU Pandey, AK Yang, CL Zhang, CQ Graham, MA Horstman, HD Lee, Y Zabotina, OA Hill, JH Pedley, KF Whitham, SA AF Pandey, Ajay K. Yang, Chunling Zhang, Chunquan Graham, Michelle A. Horstman, Heidi D. Lee, Yeunsook Zabotina, Olga A. Hill, John H. Pedley, Kerry F. Whitham, Steven A. TI Functional Analysis of the Asian Soybean Rust Resistance Pathway Mediated by Rpp2 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI SYDOW; TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CAUSAL AGENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AB Asian soybean rust is an aggressive foliar disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. On susceptible plants, the pathogen penetrates and colonizes leaf tissue, resulting in the formation of necrotic lesions and the development of numerous uredinia. The soybean Rpp2 gene confers resistance to specific isolates of P. pachyrhizi. Rpp2-mediated resistance limits the growth of the pathogen and is characterized by the formation of reddish-brown lesions and few uredinia. Using virus-induced gene silencing, we screened 140 candidate genes to identify those that play a role in Rpp2 resistance toward P. pachyrhizi. Candidate genes included putative orthologs to known defense-signaling genes, transcription factors, and genes previously found to be upregulated during the Rpp2 resistance response. We identified 11 genes that compromised Rpp2-mediated resistance when silenced, including GmEDS1, GmNPR1, GmPAD4, GmPAL1, five predicted transcription factors, an O-methyl transferase, and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. Together, our results provide new insight into the signaling and biochemical pathways required for resistance against P. pachyrhizi. C1 [Pandey, Ajay K.; Yang, Chunling; Zhang, Chunquan; Horstman, Heidi D.; Lee, Yeunsook; Hill, John H.; Whitham, Steven A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pandey, Ajay K.; Pedley, Kerry F.] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zabotina, Olga A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Whitham, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Kerry.Pedley@ars.usda.gov; swhitham@iastate.edu RI Graham, Michelle/C-7144-2013 FU NSF [0820642]; Iowa Soybean Association; United Soybean Board; North Central Soybean Association; Hatch Act [3608]; State of Iowa Funds FX This work was supported by grants from the NSF Plant Genome Research Program (award number 0820642), the Iowa Soybean Association, the United Soybean Board, and the North Central Soybean Association. This journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA, project no. 3608, was supported, in part, by Hatch Act and State of Iowa Funds. We thank A. Ruck, A. E. Luquette, and J. Dittman for their excellent technical assistance. NR 92 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 194 EP 206 DI 10.1094/MPMI-08-10-0187 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 710BO UT WOS:000286486000004 PM 20977308 ER PT J AU Caesar-TonThat, T Sainju, UM Wright, SF Shelver, WL Kolberg, RL West, M AF Caesar-TonThat, TheCan Sainju, Upendra M. Wright, Sara F. Shelver, Weilin L. Kolberg, Robert L. West, Mark TI Long-term tillage and cropping effects on microbiological properties associated with aggregation in a semi-arid soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Dryland; Aggregate stability; Glomalin; Basidiomycetes; Uronic acids; C and N ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ORGANIC-MATTER; URONIC-ACIDS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; GREEN-MANURE; NITROGEN; WATER; STABILITY AB Little is known about the long-term tillage and cropping management effects on the microbiologically derived factors that influence macroaggregates in semi-arid soil. We tested the hypothesis that differences in macro-aggregation are due to changes in soil structure related to management treatment-induced microbiological changes. In an experiment, microbiological factors consisting of aggregate stability, glomalin, russuloid basidiomycete fungi, uronic acids, total organic C (TOC), and total N (TN) were quantified in macroaggregate-size classes ranging from 4.75 to 0.25 mm, collected at 0-5 cm depth for the following treatments: (1) 12th year of fallow phase after 11 years of conventional- and no-tilled spring wheat-fallow (CTF and NTF), (2) 12th year of lentil phase after 11 years of conventional- and no-tilled spring wheat-lentil (CTL and NTL), (3) 12 years no-tilled continuous spring wheat (NTCW), and (4) 16 years uncultivated pasture (P) used as a baseline treatment. Immunoreactive easily extractable glomalin concentration was five to six times greater under P, NTCW, or NTL in the 2.00-1.00- and 1.00-0.50-mm macroaggregate-size classes than the other treatments and these results corroborated well with the results from aggregate stability assays. Russuloid basidiomycetes were highest in all NTCW macroaggregate-size classes, suggesting that annual input of lignin-containing wheat residues may influence the growth and survival of these fungi. Uronic acid amounts were highest in P but did not differ among the other treatments. In all macroaggregate-size classes, TOC content was greater in NTCW compared to CTF, and TN was about three times higher in NTL than NTF or CTF. In conclusion, 12 years of NTCW management in semi-arid soil has resulted in higher macroaggregate stability, glomalin concentration, russuloid basidiomycete populations, and TOC in macroaggregates compared to alternate-year fallow. Lentil can be used to replace fallow in dryland wheat rotation under no-till to enhance TN content and improve soil macro-aggregation. C1 [Caesar-TonThat, TheCan; Sainju, Upendra M.] USDA ARS, Sidney, MT USA. [Wright, Sara F.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. [Kolberg, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. [West, Mark] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Caesar-TonThat, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sidney, MT USA. EM thecan.caesar@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s00374-010-0508-2 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 709TL UT WOS:000286464200005 ER PT J AU Stephens, BW Cook, DR Grusak, MA AF Stephens, Brian W. Cook, Douglas R. Grusak, Michael A. TI Characterization of zinc transport by divalent metal transporters of the ZIP family from the model legume Medicago truncatula SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Membrane transport; Kinetics; Cadmium; Copper; Medicago truncatula ID HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; COPPER TRANSPORTER; HIGH-AFFINITY; GENE ENCODES; XYLEM SAP; PLANTS AB To understand how plants from the Fabaceae family maintain zinc (Zn) homeostasis, we have characterized the kinetics of three Zn transporting proteins from the ZIP family of divalent metal transporters in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Of six ZIP's studied, MtZIP1, MtZIP5 and MtZIP6 were the only members from this family determined to transport Zn and were further characterized. MtZIP1 has a low affinity for Zn with a K(m) of 1 mu M as compared to MtZIP5 and MtZIP6 that have a higher affinity for Zn with K(m) of 0.4 mu M and 0.3 mu M, respectively. Zn transport by MtZIP1 was more sensitive to inhibition by copper (Cu) concentrations than MtZIP5 and MtZIP6, because 3 mu M Cu inhibited Zn transport by 80% in MtZIP1 while 5 mu M Cu was required to achieve the same inhibition of Zn transport in MtZIP5 and MtZIP6. Cadmium (Cd) had a greater effect on the ability of MtZIP1 to transport Zn than MtZIP5 and MtZIP6, because at a concentration of 3 mu M Cd, the Zn transport by MtZIP1 was inhibited 55% and the transport of Zn by MtZIP5 and MtZIP6 was inhibited by 20-30%. However, only MtZIP6 transported Cd at higher rates than those observed in the control plasmid pFL61, demonstrating a low affinity for Cd based on a K(m) of 57 mu M. These results suggest that Medicago truncatula has both high and low affinity Zn transporters to maintain Zn homeostasis and that these transporters may function in different compartments within the plant. C1 [Stephens, Brian W.; Grusak, Michael A.] ARS, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stephens, Brian W.; Cook, Douglas R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Biol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), ARS, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.edu FU HarvestPlus [58-6250-4-F029]; USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-003] FX This research was supported in part by HarvestPlus under Agreement number 58-6250-4-F029 and by the USDA-ARS under Agreement number 58-6250-6-003 to MAG. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD FEB PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s10534-010-9373-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 707WW UT WOS:000286322800005 PM 20862522 ER PT J AU Widmer, W AF Widmer, Wilbur TI Analysis of biomass sugars and galacturonic acid by gradient anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection without post-column addition SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Cellobiose; Citrus; Ethanol; Sugars ID PEEL AB While the most accurate method for analysis of sugars in biomass is based on gas chromatography of trimethylsilane or alditol acetate derivatives of sugars, the derivation method is time consuming and laborious. In comparison, sample preparation for sugar analysis of hydrolyzed biomass samples using liquid chromatography is a simple dilution procedure with water. A gradient HPLC method using a anion-exchange column and pulsed-amperometric detection modified to reduce analysis time from 75 to 40 min was further improved. The new method no longer requires post-column addition to stablilize the baseline using a pulsed-amperometric detector with the mobile phase gradient. The method provides good resolution of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, and galacturonic acid in both standards and hydrolyzed citrus waste materials. By changing the waveform used with the PAD detector, the requirement for post-column addition was eliminated while maintaining a stable baseline. C1 ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Widmer, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Wilbur.widmer@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s10529-010-0447-x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 706DW UT WOS:000286198700023 PM 20978822 ER PT J AU Brown, DW AF Brown, Daren W. TI The KP4 killer protein gene family SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Horizontal gene transfer; Cysteine rich; KP4; Phylogenetic analysis; Microarray; Fusarium verticillioides ID ENCODED FUNGAL TOXIN; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; COLONIZATION; RESISTANCE; REVEALS; WHEAT AB Killer protein 4 (KP4) is a well studied viral toxin secreted by the maize smut fungus Ustilago maydis that kills sensitive Ustilago strains as well as inhibits Fusarium and plant root growth by inhibiting calcium uptake. Numerous small, cysteine-rich proteins have been shown to play a critical role in fungal-plant-bacterial associations. The discovery of six KP4-like genes in F. verticillioides precipitated efforts to understand their function and evolutionary origin. Analysis of publicly available genomic sequence identified 31 additional KP4-like genes from a range of Ascomycota, a Basidiomycota, and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the viral KP4 and the moss and fungal KP4-like genes evolved from a common ancestor providing evidence for lateral gene transfer between kingdoms. Six genes of the 37 total genes are predicted to encode a protein with two, non-identical KP4-like domains in tandem separated by 29-56 amino acids. The results suggest that two independent events led to the dual-domain KP4 genes present in different lineages of the Ascomycota. Understanding the nature and function of KP4-like proteins in mycotoxin-producing species like Fusarium may help to limit plant diseases and increase food safety and food production. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM daren.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s00294-010-0326-y PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 708UX UT WOS:000286390900005 PM 21116630 ER PT J AU Fasolato, G Ronco, P Langendoen, EJ Di Silvio, G AF Fasolato, G. Ronco, P. Langendoen, E. J. Di Silvio, G. TI Validity of Uniform Flow Hypothesis in One-Dimensional Morphodynamic Models SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE 1D morphodynamic model; Sediment transport; Movable bed; Uniform flow; Equilibrium conditions ID SAND-BED RIVERS; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-MODEL; UNSTEADY FLOWS; VARIABLE WIDTH; EVOLUTION; STREAMS; AGGRADATION; GRAVEL AB Local-uniform-flow (LUF) hypothesis is a simplification of the governing equations describing river morphodynamics, which is needed to determine the evolution of the bed profile and bed-material composition in the case of large time and space scales. This paper presents a rigorous analysis of the full one-dimensional river hydrodynamic and morphodynamic mathematical model compared to its LUF approximation. The analysis establishes two criteria to assess the validity of the LUF hypothesis: (1) a criterion for rivers in equilibrium and (2) a criterion for evolving rivers (i.e., in nonequilibrium). The first criterion is based on the concept of the morphological box. Variations of the river bed longer than the box length are adequately reproduced by the LUF hypothesis, whereas only spatially averaged values are resolved within the box. The second criterion is based on the concept of an evolution window. Temporal variations represented by wave periods larger than the evolution window can be adequately reproduced by the LUF hypothesis, whereas variations with shorter periods are averaged within this window. The minimum size of morphological box and evolution window that limit the error introduced by the LUF hypothesis increases when the Froude number decreases. Further, the minimum size of the evolution window increases for decreasing sediment concentration and increasing mixing layer thickness (i.e., for larger bed forms). The LUF hypothesis is therefore best applied to small mountain rivers for which both the minimum size of the morphological box and the evolution window is relatively small, so that spatial and temporal variations can be resolved in more detail. Applications using the LUF hypothesis for large watersheds (including the lowland portion of the fluvial network) are possible, but are limited to simulations over larger spatial and temporal intervals. C1 [Fasolato, G.; Ronco, P.; Di Silvio, G.] Univ Padua, Dept Hydraul Maritime Environm & Geotechn Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Langendoen, E. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM gfasolato@gmail.com; paolo.ronco@gmail.com; eddy.langendoen@ars.usda.gov; disilvio@idra.unipd.it OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 FU Autorita di Bacino Alto Adriatico ADBVE (Watershed Agency of Northern Adriatic Sea); Italian Ministry for Education and Scientific Research; Fondazione ing. Aldo Gini FX This work was funded by: Autorita di Bacino Alto Adriatico ADBVE (Watershed Agency of Northern Adriatic Sea), the PRIN project "Control and mitigation of storage sedimentation: sediment management in the watershed and in reservoirs" of the Italian Ministry for Education and Scientific Research, and by the "Fondazione ing. Aldo Gini" fellowship. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2011 VL 137 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000291 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 706LB UT WOS:000286218800005 ER PT J AU Seth, N Kewalramani, A Maleki, SJ Cheng, H Wild, L AF Seth, N. Kewalramani, A. Maleki, S. J. Cheng, H. Wild, L. TI CROSS-REACTIVITY OF ALMOND AND PEANUT IGE WITH PEANUT AND TREE NUT PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting CY FEB 17-19, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Seth, N.; Kewalramani, A.; Maleki, S. J.; Wild, L.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Maleki, S. J.; Cheng, H.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 MA 475 BP 506 EP 506 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 709SK UT WOS:000286461500485 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, EL Hollingsworth, TN Chapin, FS AF Bernhardt, Emily L. Hollingsworth, Teresa N. Chapin, F. Stuart, III TI Fire severity mediates climate-driven shifts in understorey community composition of black spruce stands of interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Black spruce; Boreal forest; Climate change; Disturbance; Plant community change; Post-fire vegetation patterns ID NORTH-AMERICA NORTH; BOREAL FOREST; VEGETATION-RESPONSE; TREE RECRUITMENT; BURN SEVERITY; GLOBAL CHANGE; WILDFIRE; DECOMPOSITION; ESTABLISHMENT; TEMPERATURE AB Question: How do pre-fire conditions (community composition and environmental characteristics) and climate-driven disturbance characteristics (fire severity) affect post-fire community composition in black spruce stands? Location: Northern boreal forest, interior Alaska. Methods: We compared plant community composition and environmental stand characteristics in 14 black spruce stands before and after multiple, naturally occurring wildfires. We used a combination of vegetation table sorting, univariate (ANOVA, paired t-tests), and multivariate (detrended correspondence analysis) statistics to determine the impact of fire severity and site moisture on community composition, dominant species and growth forms. Results: Severe wildfires caused a 50% reduction in number of plant species in our study sites. The largest species loss, and therefore the greatest change in species composition, occurred in severely burned sites. This was due mostly to loss of non-vascular species (mosses and lichens) and evergreen shrubs. New species recruited most abundantly to severely burned sites, contributing to high species turnover on these sites. As well as the strong effect of fire severity, pre-fire and post-fire mineral soil pH had an effect on post-fire vegetation patterns, suggesting a legacy effect of site acidity. In contrast, pre-fire site moisture, which was a strong determinant of pre-fire community composition, showed no relationship with post-fire community composition. Site moisture was altered by fire, due to changes in permafrost, and therefore post-fire site moisture overrode pre-fire site moisture as a strong correlate. Conclusions: In the rapidly warming climate of interior Alaska, changes in fire severity had more effect on post-fire community composition than did environmental factors (moisture and pH) that govern landscape patterns of unburned vegetation. This suggests that climate change effects on future community composition of black spruce forests may be mediated more strongly by fire severity than by current landscape patterns. Hence, models that represent the effects of climate change on boreal forests could improve their accuracy by including dynamic responses to fire disturbance. C1 [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bernhardt, Emily L.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hollingsworth, TN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, 3301 C St,Suite 200F, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM elbernhardt@fs.fed.us; thollingsworth@fs.fed.us; terry.chapin@alaska.edu OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU Joint Fire Science Project [05-1-2-06]; NSF [0080609, 9810217, 8702629]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; UAF Bonanza Creek LTER [RJVA-PNW-01-JV-1126195-231] FX We thank Emily Tissier, Dana Nossov, Julie Benioff, Leslie Boby, Katie Villano, Mark Winterstein, Chrissy Apodaca and Jamie Hollingsworth for assistance with fieldwork and graphics. Christa Mulder and Catharine Thompson provided invaluable assistance with data analysis and improved the quality of earlier drafts. Jill Johnstone was instrumental in the experimental design and provided mentorship in understanding post-fire ecosystem dynamics. We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research from the following sources: Joint Fire Science Project funding awarded to T. Hollingsworth (project number 05-1-2-06), NSF support to UAF Bonanza Creek LTER (grant numbers 0080609, 9810217 and 8702629), the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station support agreement with UAF Bonanza Creek LTER (RJVA-PNW-01-JV-1126195-231). NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01231.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 705OW UT WOS:000286146800004 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Dawson-Hughes, B Tosteson, ANA Johansson, H Kanis, JA Melton, LJ AF Looker, A. C. Dawson-Hughes, B. Tosteson, A. N. A. Johansson, H. Kanis, J. A. Melton, L. J., III TI Hip fracture risk in older US adults by treatment eligibility status based on new National Osteoporosis Foundation guidance SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Incident hip fracture; National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician's Guide; Population study; Treatment eligibility ID TRAUMA FRACTURES; UNITED-STATES; ELDERLY WOMEN; WHITE WOMEN; MEN; BMD; PROBABILITY; THRESHOLDS; PREVALENCE; GUIDELINES AB This analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III data found a significant risk of incident hip fracture in adults aged 65 years and older who are candidates for treatment to lower fracture risk, according to the new National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician's Guide. The relationship between treatment eligibility by the new National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) Guide to the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis and the risk of subsequent hip fracture is unknown. The study sample consisted of 3,208 men and women ages 65 years and older who were examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994), a nationally representative survey. Risk factors used to define treatment eligibility at baseline were measured in NHANES III or were simulated using World Health Organization study cohorts. Incident hip fractures were ascertained using linked mortality and Medicare records that were obtained for NHANES III participants through December 31, 2000. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of hip fracture by treatment eligibility status. The RR for subsequent hip fracture was 4.9 (95% CI 3.30, 7.94) in treatment-eligible vs treatment-ineligible persons. The increased risk for treatment-eligible persons remained statistically significant when examined by sex or age: RR(men) = 5.5 (2.6, 11.4) and RR(women) = 4.3 (2.2, 8.4); RR(65-79 y) = 4.8 (2.6, 8.7) and RR(80+ y) = 4.6 (2.1, 10.1). Treatment-eligible persons were about five times more likely to experience a subsequent hip fracture than the non-eligible persons. The new NOF guidelines appear to predict future hip fracture risk equally in men as in women, and fracture risk prediction did not appear to diminish with age. C1 [Looker, A. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tosteson, A. N. A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Multidisciplinary Clin Res Ctr Musculoskeletal Di, Lebanon, NH USA. [Tosteson, A. N. A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dartmouth Inst Hlth Policy & Clin Practice, Lebanon, NH USA. [Johansson, H.; Kanis, J. A.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Melton, L. J., III] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Epidemiol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Rm 4310,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ALooker@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 BP 541 EP 549 DI 10.1007/s00198-010-1288-0 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 706HC UT WOS:000286207800014 PM 20480142 ER PT J AU Guan, LX Sun, G Cao, SX AF Guan, Lixin Sun, Ge Cao, Shixiong TI China's Bureaucracy Hinders Environmental Recovery SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS C1 [Guan, Lixin; Cao, Shixiong] Beijing Forest Univ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Combat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Cao, SX (reprint author), Beijing Forest Univ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Combat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM Guanlixin@bjfu.edu.cn; Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu; shixiongcao@126.com NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 96 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s13280-010-0112-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716CO UT WOS:000286942800012 PM 21404829 ER PT J AU Thongtang, N Ai, M Otokozawa, S Himbergen, TV Asztalos, BF Nakajima, K Stein, E Jones, PH Schaefer, EJ AF Thongtang, Nuntakorn Ai, Masumi Otokozawa, Seiko Himbergen, Thomas V. Asztalos, Bela F. Nakajima, Katsuyuki Stein, Evan Jones, Peter H. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Effects of Maximal Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin Treatment on Markers of Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; GLYCATED ALBUMIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; METAANALYSIS; STATINS; TRIALS; PRAVASTATIN; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB Studies have reported an increased risk of developing diabetes in subjects receiving statins versus placebo. Our purpose was to compare the effects of maximum doses of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on the plasma levels of the insulin, glycated albumin, adiponectin. and C-reactive protein compared to baseline in hyperlipidemic patients. We studied 252 hyperlipidemic men and women who had been randomized to receive atorvastatin 80 mg/day or rosuvastatin 40 mg/day during a 6-week period. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were both highly effective in lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, with rosuvastatin more effective than atorvastatin in increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin at the maximum dosage both significantly (p < 0.05) increased the median insulin levels by 5.2% and 8.7%, respectively, from baseline. However, only atorvastatin increased the glycated albumin levels from baseline (+0.8% for atorvastatin vs -0.7% for rosuvastatin, p = 0.002). Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin caused significant (p < 0.001) and similar median reductions in the C-reactive protein level of -40% and -26% compared to the baseline values. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the adiponectin changes from baseline (-1.5% vs -4.9%, p = 0.15). In conclusion, our data have indicated that the maximum dosage of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin therapy significantly lower C-reactive protein levels but also moderately increase insulin levels. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Am J Cardiol 2011;107:387-392) C1 [Thongtang, Nuntakorn; Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Himbergen, Thomas V.; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Stein, Evan] Metab & Atherosclerosis Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Jones, Peter H.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu FU Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Kyowa Medex Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; Denka-Seiken Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland) [HL-60935, HL-74753, PO50HL083813]; United States Department of Agriculture (Washington, DC) [53-3K06-05-10]; AstraZeneca, Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware FX Dr. Thongtang was supported by a fellowship from Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Ms. Otokozawa was supported by a fellowship from the Kyowa Medex Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, and Dr. Ai was supported by a fellowship from the Denka-Seiken Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. The research was supported by grants HL-60935, HL-74753, and PO50HL083813 from the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland) and contract 53-3K06-05-10 from the United States Department of Agriculture (Washington, DC). The original intervention trial was funded by AstraZeneca, Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC-ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206 STE 3, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 3 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.09.031 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 718EK UT WOS:000287103600009 PM 21257003 ER PT J AU Shen, JA Johnson, VM Sullivan, LM Jacques, PF Magnani, JW Lubitz, SA Pandey, S Levy, D Vasan, RS Quatromoni, PA Junyent, M Ordovas, JM Benjamin, EJ AF Shen, Jian Johnson, Victor M. Sullivan, Lisa M. Jacques, Paul F. Magnani, Jared W. Lubitz, Steven A. Pandey, Shivda Levy, Daniel Vasan, Ramachandran S. Quatromoni, Paula A. Junyent, Mireia Ordovas, Jose M. Benjamin, Emelia J. TI Dietary factors and incident atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED-FATTY-ACIDS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; FISH-OIL; BLOOD INSTITUTE; NATIONAL HEART; RISK-FACTORS; DANISH DIET; WHOLE-GRAIN; DISEASE; HEALTH AB Background: There have been conflicting reported associations between dietary factors and incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective: We evaluated associations between consumption of alcohol, caffeine, fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and incident AF in the Framingham Heart Study. Design: Participants without AF (n = 4526; 9640 examinations; mean age: 62 y; 56% women) from the original and offspring cohorts completed food-frequency questionnaires and were followed prospectively for 4 y. We examined the associations between dietary exposures and AF with Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: A total of 296 individuals developed AF (177 men, 119 women). In multivariable analyses, there were no significant associations between examined dietary exposures and AF risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) for increasing quartiles of dietary factors were as follows: for alcohol, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.5, 1.05), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.18), and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.51) (P for trend = 0.48); for caffeine, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.15), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.2), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.7, 1.39) (P for trend = 0.84); for total fiber, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.2), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.44, 0.92), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.2) (P for trend = 0.16); and for n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs, 1.11 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.54), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.29), and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.64) (P for trend = 0.57; quartile 1 was the reference group). In exploratory analyses, consumption of >4 servings of dark fish/wk (5 cases and 21 individuals at risk) was significantly associated with AF risk compared with the consumption of,1 serving of dark fish/wk (HR: 6.53; 95% CI: 2.65, 16.06; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Consumption of alcohol, caffeine, fiber, and fish-derived PUFAs was not significantly associated with AF risk. The observed adverse association between the consumption of dark fish and AF merits further investigation. Our findings suggest that the dietary exposures examined convey limited attributable risk of AF in the general population. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:261-6. C1 [Magnani, Jared W.; Levy, Daniel; Benjamin, Emelia J.] NHLBI, Farmingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [Shen, Jian; Jacques, Paul F.; Junyent, Mireia; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Johnson, Victor M.; Sullivan, Lisa M.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Quatromoni, Paula A.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. [Magnani, Jared W.; Pandey, Shivda; Levy, Daniel; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Evans Mem Dept Med, Cardiol Sect, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Evans Mem Dept Med, Sect Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Quatromoni, Paula A.] Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lubitz, Steven A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Benjamin, EJ (reprint author), NHLBI, Farmingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave,Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM emelia@bu.edu OI Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970; Sullivan, Lisa/0000-0003-0726-7149; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336 FU Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; American Heart Association [09FTF2190028]; National Institutes of Health [N01-HC 25195, 6R01-NS 17950, RC1HL101056, HL092577, 1R01HL102214] FX Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grants HL-54776; to JS and JMO), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant DK075030; to JMO), the US Department of Agriculture Research (contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001; to JS and JMO), the American Heart Association (award 09FTF2190028; to JWM), and the National Institutes of Health (grants N01-HC 25195, 6R01-NS 17950, RC1HL101056, HL092577, and 1R01HL102214; to EJB). NR 47 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.3945/ajcn.110.001305 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 709DQ UT WOS:000286417900006 PM 21106919 ER PT J AU Steinberg, FM Murray, MJ Lewis, RD Cramer, MA Amato, P Young, RL Barnes, S Konzelmann, KL Fischer, JG Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Fraley, JK Smith, EO Wong, WW AF Steinberg, Francene M. Murray, Michael J. Lewis, Richard D. Cramer, Margaret A. Amato, Paula Young, Ronald L. Barnes, Stephen Konzelmann, Karen L. Fischer, Joan G. Ellis, Kenneth J. Shypailo, Roman J. Fraley, J. Kennard Smith, E. O'Brian Wong, William W. TI Clinical outcomes of a 2-y soy isoflavone supplementation in menopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOUBLE-BLIND; ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA; GENISTEIN AGLYCONE; THYROID-FUNCTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA-LIPIDS; CANCER-RISK AB Background: Soy isoflavones are naturally occurring phytochemicals with weak estrogenic cellular effects. Despite numerous clinical trials of short-term isoflavone supplementation, there is a paucity of data regarding longer-term outcomes and safety. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of soy hypocotyl isoflavone supplementation in healthy menopausal women as a secondary outcome of a trial on bone health. Design: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-mo trial was conducted to assess the effects of daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg aglycone equivalent soy hypocotyl isoflavones plus calcium and vitamin D on the health of 403 postmenopausal women. At baseline and after 1 and 2 y, clinical blood chemistry values were measured and a well-woman examination was conducted, which included a mammogram and a Papanicolaou test. A cohort also underwent transvaginal ultrasound measurements to assess endometrial thickness and fibroids. Results: The baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. After 2 y of daily isoflavone exposure, all clinical chemistry values remained within the normal range. The only variable that changed significantly was blood urea nitrogen, which increased significantly after 2 y (P = 0.048) but not after 1 y (P = 0.343) in the supplementation groups. Isoflavone supplementation did not affect blood lymphocyte or serum free thyroxine concentrations. No significant differences in endometrial thickness or fibroids were observed between the groups. Two serious adverse events were detected (one case of breast cancer and one case of estrogen receptor-negative endometrial cancer), which was less than the expected population rate for these cancers. Conclusion: Daily supplementation for 2 y with 80-120 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones has minimal risk in healthy menopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00665860 Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:356-67. C1 [Steinberg, Francene M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Murray, Michael J.] Kaiser Fdn Res Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. [Lewis, Richard D.; Cramer, Margaret A.; Fischer, Joan G.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barnes, Stephen] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Amato, Paula; Young, Ronald L.; Konzelmann, Karen L.; Ellis, Kenneth J.; Shypailo, Roman J.; Fraley, J. Kennard; Smith, E. O'Brian; Wong, William W.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Steinberg, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fmsteinberg@ucdavis.edu FU US Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service/Initiatives for Future Agriculture and Food Systems [2001-52102-11255]; National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR00188] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service/Initiatives for Future Agriculture and Food Systems grant number 2001-52102-11255 and by the National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center grant number M01-RR00188. The soy isoflavone material was provided by Frutarom Netherlands BV (Veenendaal, Netherlands). The placebo and isoflavone tablets were manufactured and packaged by Pharma Consulting & Industries BV (Eede, Netherlands). The one-a-day multivitamin supplement was provided by Swanson Health Products, Fargo, ND. The calcium carbonate supplement was provided by Source Naturals, Scotts Valley, CA. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 356 EP 367 DI 10.3945/ajcn.110.008359 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 709DQ UT WOS:000286417900018 PM 21177797 ER PT J AU Mohammad, MA Sunehag, AL Rodriguez, LA Haymond, MW AF Mohammad, Mahmoud A. Sunehag, Agneta L. Rodriguez, Luisa A. Haymond, Morey W. TI Galactose promotes fat mobilization in obese lactating and nonlactating women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT GLYCEMIC INDEXES; BODY-MASS INDEX; HUMAN-MILK; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; SUBSEQUENT EXERCISE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; WEIGHT-GAIN; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; LIPOLYSIS AB Background: Galactose consumption as the only carbohydrate source results in little increase in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations when compared with fasting. Lower insulin might promote endogenous lipolysis during meal absorption, which may facilitate fat loss. Objective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that consumption of an isocaloric, isonitrogenous galactose drink will result in higher rates of lipolysis and fat oxidation than consumption of a glucose drink in obese lactating and nonlactating women. Design: Seven healthy, obese, exclusively breastfeeding women and 7 healthy, obese, nonlactating women were studied on 2 occasions according to a randomized, crossover, single-blinded design. Subjects received drinks providing approximate to 70% of the daily estimated energy requirement, of which 60% was either glucose or galactose. The primary outcomes were the rate of appearance (Ra) of glycerol and palmitate, and the secondary outcomes were glucose Ra, milk production, energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation. Results: Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) and those of glycerol, palmitate, free fatty acids, and triglycerides were higher (P < 0.05) during galactose than during glucose feeding in both nonlactating and lactating women. During galactose feeding, glucose Ra was lower (P < 0.01) and glycerol, palmitate, and free fatty acid Ra were higher (P < 0.01) in both groups. During galactose feeding in all women combined, fat oxidation was higher (P = 0.01) and protein oxidation was lower (P < 0.01). Milk production, energy expenditure, and carbohydrate oxidation were similar between glucose and galactose feeding. Conclusions: Galactose consumption is associated with higher endogenous fat mobilization and oxidation during meal absorption. Long-term studies are required to determine whether galactose as an exclusive carbohydrate source would promote body fat loss in obese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:374-81. C1 [Mohammad, Mahmoud A.; Sunehag, Agneta L.; Rodriguez, Luisa A.; Haymond, Morey W.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhaymond@bcm.tmc.edu OI Mohammad, Mahmoud/0000-0002-6535-5529 FU NIH [RO1DK 55478, HD 37857]; Baylor General Clinical Research Center [MO1-RR-00188-34] FX Supported by NIH grants RO1DK 55478 and HD 37857 and Baylor General Clinical Research Center grant MO1-RR-00188-34. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 374 EP 381 DI 10.3945/ajcn.110.005785 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 709DQ UT WOS:000286417900020 PM 21123462 ER PT J AU King, SJ Morelli, TL Arrigo-Nelson, S Ratelolahy, FJ Godfrey, LR Wyatt, J Tecot, S Jernvall, J Wright, PC AF King, Stephen J. Morelli, Toni Lyn Arrigo-Nelson, Summer Ratelolahy, Felix J. Godfrey, Laurie R. Wyatt, Jeffrey Tecot, Stacey Jernvall, Jukka Wright, Patricia C. TI Morphometrics and Pattern of Growth in Wild Sifakas (Propithecus edwardsi) at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ranomafana National Park; Propithecus; morphometrics; longitudinal; sexual dimorphism ID EULEMUR-FULVUS-RUFUS; RAIN-FOREST LEMUR; DIADEMA-EDWARDSI; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-MASS; ANTHROPOID PRIMATES; PROSIMIAN PRIMATES; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; SIZE DIMORPHISM; MALAGASY LEMURS AB We summarize morphometric data collected over a period of 22 years from a natural population of rainforest sifakas (Propithecus edwardsi) at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar, and we use those data to document patterns of growth and development. Individually identified, known-age sifakas were successfully captured, measured, and released. We found that body segment lengths increased faster during growth than did body mass, with individuals attaining adult lengths earlier than adult mass. Females can begin reproducing before they are fully grown, but this may not be common. With the exception of hand length, we found no significant sex difference in any adult metric including body mass, chest, and limb circumferences, body segment lengths, and canine tooth height; however, body masses of individual females fluctuated more, independently of pregnancy, than did those of males. We found considerable interannual fluctuation in body mass with single individuals differing more within the same season in different years than from season to season in the same year. Such body mass fluctuation may be a consequence of eastern Madagascar's variable and unpredictable environment in which rainfall during any selected month varies from year to year. Am. J. Primatol. 73: 155-172, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [King, Stephen J.; Godfrey, Laurie R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Anthropol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, Stephen J.; Wright, Patricia C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anthropol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Morelli, Toni Lyn] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. [Morelli, Toni Lyn; Arrigo-Nelson, Summer; Ratelolahy, Felix J.; Wyatt, Jeffrey; Tecot, Stacey; Wright, Patricia C.] Ctr ValBio, Ranomafana, Madagascar. [Arrigo-Nelson, Summer] Calif Univ Penn, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA USA. [Wyatt, Jeffrey] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Tecot, Stacey] Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Tecot, Stacey; Jernvall, Jukka; Wright, Patricia C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Jernvall, Jukka; Wright, Patricia C.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, Helsinki, Finland. RP King, SJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Anthropol, Machmer Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sking@anthro.umass.edu FU National Science Foundation, BCS [721233, 0333078, BCS 721233]; Wenner-Gren Foundation; Earthwatch Institute; Stony Brook University; University of Helsinki Center for Excellence FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation, BCS; Contract grant number: 721233 & 0333078; Contract grant sponsors: Wenner-Gren Foundation; Earthwatch Institute; Stony Brook University Study Abroad Program; J. William Fulbright Program; University of Helsinki Center for Excellence.; We acknowledge the government of Madagascar Ministry of Forests, Environment and Tourism and the CAFF/CORE oversight committee for authorization to work in Madagascar. We appreciate the help with logistics and infrastructure from MICET (especially Director Benjamin Andriamihaja), Centre ValBio (especially Director Anna Feistner and Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison), and Madagascar National Parks. Thanks to our research assistants who have helped collect these data, including Georges Rene Randrianirina, Remi Rakotovoa, the late Georges Rakotonirina, Raymond Ratsimbazafy, Laurent Randrianasolo, Telo Albert, and Leontine. Marina Blanco helped collect data including dental molds. Thanks to Dr. Graham Crawford for his veterinary expertise. Particular thanks go to the many donors who have supported the work: National Science Foundation (BCS 721233 and 0333078), USA, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Earthwatch Institute, Stony Brook University Study Abroad Program, J. William Fulbright Program, and the University of Helsinki Center for Excellence. We are grateful for helpful comments from Bill Jungers and from two reviewers. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 73 IS 2 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1002/ajp.20881 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 696DM UT WOS:000285422100005 PM 20853439 ER PT J AU Gammelgaard, B Jackson, MI Gabel-Jensen, C AF Gammelgaard, Bente Jackson, Matthew I. Gabel-Jensen, Charlotte TI Surveying selenium speciation from soil to cell-forms and transformations SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Selenium; Speciation; Liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; Review ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HPLC-ICP-MS; GLUTAMYL-SE-METHYLSELENOCYSTEINE; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ASSISTED ENZYMATIC EXTRACTION; ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION; ENRICHED STABLE-ISOTOPES; KETO ACID METABOLITES; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; ION TRAP/ORBITRAP MSN AB The aim of this review is to present and evaluate the present knowledge of which selenium species are available to the general population in the form of food and common supplements and how these species are metabolized in mammals. The overview of the selenium sources takes a horizontal approach, which encompasses identification of new metabolites in yeast and food of plant and animal origin, whereas the survey of the mammalian metabolism takes a horizontal as well as a vertical approach. The vertical approach encompasses studies on dynamic conversions of selenium compounds within cells, tissues or whole organisms. New and improved sample preparation, separation and detection methods are evaluated from an analytical chemical perspective to cover the progress in horizontal speciation, whereas the analytical methods for the vertical speciation and the interpretations of the results are evaluated from a biological angle as well. C1 [Gammelgaard, Bente; Gabel-Jensen, Charlotte] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut & Analyt Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jackson, Matthew I.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Gammelgaard, B (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut & Analyt Chem, Univ Pk 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM bg@farma.ku.dk RI Gabel-Jensen, Charlotte/A-2647-2012; Gammelgaard, Bente/A-7826-2013 NR 138 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 69 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 399 IS 5 BP 1743 EP 1763 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4212-8 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 711NS UT WOS:000286599300003 PM 20953781 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Chen, P AF Sun, Jianghao Chen, Pei TI Differentiation of Panax quinquefolius grown in the USA and China using LC/MS-based chromatographic fingerprinting and chemometric approaches SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE American ginseng; Fingerprint; Chemometrics; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Panax quinquefolius ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NORTH-AMERICAN GINSENG; GREEN TEA QUALITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS; ASIAN GINSENG; IN-VITRO; METABOLOMICS; GINSENOSIDES; TIME AB American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines in the world. Discriminating between P. quinquefolius grown in different countries is difficult using traditional quantitation methods. In this study, a liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry fingerprint combined with chemometric analysis was established to discriminate between American ginseng grown in the USA and China. Fifteen American ginseng samples grown in Wisconsin and 25 samples grown in China were used. The chromatographic fingerprints, representing the chemical compositions of the samples, made it possible to distinguish samples from the two locations. In addition, it was found that some ginsenosides varied widely from P. quinquefolius cultivated in these two countries. P. quinquefolius grown in the USA is higher in ginsenoside R(c), ginsenoside R(d), quinquenoside III/pseudo-ginsenoside RC(1), malonyl ginsenoside R(b1), and ginsenoside R(b2), but lower in ginsenoside R(b1) compared with P. quinquefolius grown in China. These ginsenosides may be responsible for the class separation seen using fingerprinting and chemometric approaches. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU US Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 399 IS 5 BP 1877 EP 1889 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4586-7 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 711NS UT WOS:000286599300017 PM 21225254 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB Lorch, PD AF Srygley, Robert B. Lorch, Patrick D. TI Weakness in the band: nutrient-mediated trade-offs between migration and immunity of Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE diet; encapsulation; life history; lysozyme; nutrition; phenoloxidase ID SYSTEM ACTIVATION; INSECT HERBIVORE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; PROTEIN COSTS; LIFE-HISTORY; RESISTANCE; MOVEMENT; DEFENSE; TETTIGONIIDAE; IMMUNOLOGY AB Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex, form large migratory bands that march over rangeland in the western United States in search of nutrients. Immune defence is particularly relevant to survival in migratory bands, but little is known about the role of nutrition in insect immunity, particularly in nature. We hypothesized that immune defences are compromised in Mormon cricket bands because of nutrient limitations. Members of a migratory band in Nevada, U.S.A., preferred carbohydrate diets over proteins. After feeding on the carbohydrate diet, migratory velocity was less and the ability to encapsulate foreign particles and lyse bacteria was greater than for Mormon crickets consuming protein. Less locomotory demand for lipids may result in greater antibacterial activity. Total phenoloxidase (PO) activity also increased following feeding on carbohydrates, whereas spontaneously active PO was not different between the two diets. These results were very different from those of a band in Utah, U.S.A., that preferred the protein diet and that had enhanced spontaneous PO activity after protein supplementation. Haemolymph of Mormon crickets from the Nevada band was sampled 18 h after the diet treatments, whereas that from the Utah band was drawn 4 h after treatment. Either the difference in immune measures was due to the difference in sampling time, or spontaneous PO activity was protein-limited whereas encapsulation and antibacterial activity required carbohydrates. Currencies for the generalized immunity of insects may differ, and constraints on immunity in a given environment depend on which macronutrients are in short supply. 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Srygley, Robert B.] USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Srygley, Robert B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England. [Lorch, Patrick D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 81 IS 2 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.11.006 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 709QF UT WOS:000286455400006 ER PT J AU Ledoux, T Watson, K Baranowski, J Tepper, BJ Baranowski, T AF Ledoux, Tracey Watson, Kathy Baranowski, Janice Tepper, Beverly J. Baranowski, Tom TI Overeating styles and adiposity among multiethnic youth SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE Overeating styles; Restraint; External eating; Emotional eating; Adiposity; Children; Adolescents ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CHILD FEEDING STRATEGIES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; EATING STYLE; SKINFOLD THICKNESSES; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; WEIGHT CONCERNS; SELF-EFFICACY; ADOLESCENTS AB Reasons for inconsistent associations between overeating styles and adiposity among youth may include differences in effects by age, gender, or ethnicity; failure to control for social desirability of response; or adiposity measurement limitations. This study examined the relationship between overeating styles and multiple measures of adiposity, after controlling for social desirability and testing for moderation by ethnicity, age, and gender. Data from 304 9-10 year old children and 264 17-18 year old adolescents equally representing African American, Hispanic, and White ethnic groups were extracted from a larger cross-sectional study. Measures included the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (restrained, external, and emotional overeating subscales), the "Lie Scale" from the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and measured weight, height, waist circumference, and triceps skinfold. BMI z-score and a global adiposity index were calculated. Mixed model linear regression showed restraint was positively and external eating was negatively related to measures of adiposity. African American youth had a stronger inverse association between emotional eating and adiposity than White or Hispanic youth. Relationships were not influenced by social desirability nor moderated by age or gender. Overeating styles are related to adiposity in nearly all youth but the nature of these associations are moderated by ethnicity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ledoux, Tracey; Watson, Kathy; Baranowski, Janice; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tepper, Beverly J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Ledoux, Tracey] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Ledoux, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM TALedoux@uh.edu; kwatson@bcm.edu; jbaranow@bcm.edu; Tepper@aesop.rutgers.edu; tbaranow@bcm.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU National Institute of Health [R01 CA 116766]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX This research was funded by the National Institute of Health, Grant R01 CA 116766. In addition, this work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. This project has been funded in part by federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA nor mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2010.11.145 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 725BG UT WOS:000287619600010 PM 21115080 ER PT J AU Laugero, KD Falcon, LM Tucker, KL AF Laugero, Kevin D. Falcon, Luis M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Relationship between perceived stress and dietary and activity patterns in older adults participating in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE Psychological stress; Cortisol; Type 2 diabetes; Dietary patterns; Physical activity; Hispanic; Puerto Rican ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; EATING BEHAVIOR; ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS; EXERCISE BEHAVIOR; HISPANIC ELDERS AB Previous research supports a relationship between psychological stress and chronic disease in Puerto Rican adults living in the Boston, Massachusetts area. Stress may affect health by influencing dietary and physical activity patterns. Therefore, perceived stress and two hypothesized mediators of stress-related food intake, insulin and cortisol, were examined for possible associations with dietary and activity patterns in >1300 Puerto Ricans (aged 45-75 years; 70% women) living in the Boston, Massachusetts area. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and ANCOVA. Greater perceived stress was associated with lower fruit, vegetable, and protein intake, greater consumption of salty snacks, and lower participation in physical activity. Stress was associated with higher intake of sweets, particularly in those with type 2 diabetes. Cortisol and stress were positively associated in those without diabetes. Cortisol was associated with higher intake of saturated fat and, in those with diabetes, sweet foods. Independent of diabetes, perceived stress was associated with higher circulating insulin and BMI. Our findings support a link between stress, cortisol, and dietary and activity patterns in this population. For high-sugar foods, this relationship may be particularly important in those with type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal research to determine causal pathways for these identified associations is warranted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laugero, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr,Obes & Metab Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Laugero, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Falcon, Luis M.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Laugero, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr,Obes & Metab Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kevin.laugero@ars.usda.gov RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIH [5P01-AG023394]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5306-51530-019-00D]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by NIH 5P01-AG023394 and USDA-Agricultural Research Service CRIS# 5306-51530-019-00D and USDA-Agricultural Research Service agreement 58-1950-7-707. NR 96 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 EI 1095-8304 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2010.11.001 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 725BG UT WOS:000287619600028 PM 21070827 ER PT J AU Choi, YE Goodwin, SB AF Choi, Yoon-E Goodwin, Stephen B. TI MVE1, Encoding the Velvet Gene Product Homolog in Mycosphaerella graminicola, Is Associated with Aerial Mycelium Formation, Melanin Biosynthesis, Hyphal Swelling, and Light Signaling SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-COLLAR PROTEINS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; BLUE-LIGHT; VEA; CONIDIATION AB The ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola is an important pathogen of wheat that causes Septoria tritici blotch. Despite the serious impact of M. graminicola on wheat production worldwide, knowledge about its molecular biology is limited. The velvet gene, veA, is one of the key regulators of diverse cellular processes, including development and secondary metabolism in many fungi. However, the species analyzed to date are not related to the Dothideomycetes, the largest class of plant-pathogenic fungi, and the function of veA in this group is not known. To test the hypothesis that the velvet gene has similar functions in the Dothideomycetes, a veA-homologous gene, MVE1, was identified and gene deletion mutations (Delta mve1) were generated in M. graminicola. All of the MVE1 mutants exhibited consistent pleiotropic phenotypes, indicating the involvement of MVE1 in multiple signaling pathways. Delta mve1 strains displayed albino phenotypes with significant reductions in melanin biosynthesis and less production of aerial mycelia on agar plates. In liquid culture, Delta mve1 strains showed abnormal hyphal swelling, which was suppressed completely by osmotic stress or lower temperature. In addition, MVE1 gene deletion led to hypersensitivity to shaking, reduced hydrophobicity, and blindness to light-dependent stimulation of aerial mycelium production. However, pathogenicity was not altered in Delta mve1 strains. Therefore, the light-signaling pathway associated with MVE1 does not appear to be important for Septoria tritici blotch disease. Our data suggest that the MVE1 gene plays crucial roles in multiple key signaling pathways and is associated with light signaling in M. graminicola. C1 [Choi, Yoon-E; Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Steve.Goodwin@ARS.USDA.gov OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 FU USDA-ARS [3602-220000-15-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 3602-220000-15-00D and by a USDA-ARS Administrator-Funded Postdoctoral position to Y.-E. Choi. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 77 IS 3 BP 942 EP 953 DI 10.1128/AEM.01830-10 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 711MZ UT WOS:000286597100030 PM 21115702 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Racine, FM AF Saha, Badal C. Racine, F. Michael TI Biotechnological production of mannitol and its applications SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Mannitol production; Homofermentative lactic acid bacterium; Heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium; Fermentation; Mannitol dehydrogenase ID INTERMEDIUS NRRL B-3693; WHOLE-CELL BIOTRANSFORMATION; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS DEFICIENT; FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE GENE; LACTOBACILLUS-INTERMEDIUS; CANDIDA-MAGNOLIAE; LEUCONOSTOC-PSEUDOMESENTEROIDES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ASPERGILLUS-CANDIDUS AB Mannitol, a naturally occurring polyol (sugar alcohol), is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, and chemical industries. The production of mannitol by fermentation has become attractive because of the problems associated with its production chemically. A number of homo- and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and filamentous fungi are known to produce mannitol. In particular, several heterofermentative LAB are excellent producers of mannitol from fructose. These bacteria convert fructose to mannitol with 100% yields from a mixture of glucose and fructose (1:2). Glucose is converted to lactic acid and acetic acid, and fructose is converted to mannitol. The enzyme responsible for conversion of fructose to mannitol is NADPH- or NADH-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH). Fructose can also be converted to mannitol by using MDH in the presence of the cofactor NADPH or NADH. A two enzyme system can be used for cofactor regeneration with simultaneous conversion of two substrates into two products. Mannitol at 180 g l(-1) can be crystallized out from the fermentation broth by cooling crystallization. This paper reviews progress to date in the production of mannitol by fermentation and using enzyme technology, downstream processing, and applications of mannitol. C1 [Saha, Badal C.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Racine, F. Michael] ZuChem Inc, Peoria, IL 61606 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov NR 108 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 89 IS 4 BP 879 EP 891 DI 10.1007/s00253-010-2979-3 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 718RK UT WOS:000287143600002 PM 21063702 ER PT J AU Mein, JR Dolnikowski, GG Ernst, H Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Mein, Jonathan R. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Ernst, Hansgeorg Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Enzymatic formation of apo-carotenoids from the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin by ferret carotene-9 ',10 '-monooxygenase SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Xanthophyll; Metabolism; CMO1; CMO2; Apo-carotenoid ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BORONIA-MEGASTIGMA NEES; ACID RECEPTOR-BETA; GROWTH IN-VITRO; RETINOIC ACID; VITAMIN-A; EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES AB Xanthophyll carotenoids, such as lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin, may provide potential health benefits against chronic and degenerative diseases. Investigating pathways of xanthophyll metabolism are important to understanding their biological functions. Carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase (CMO1) has been shown to be involved in vitamin A formation, while recent studies suggest that carotene9',10'-monooxygenase (CMO2) may have a broader substrate specificity than previously recognized. In this in vitro study, we investigated baculovirus-generated recombinant ferret CMO2 cleavage activity towards the carotenoid substrates zeaxanthin, lutein and beta-cryptoxanthin. Utilizing HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS, we identified both volatile and non-volatile apo-carotenoid products including 3-OH-beta-ionone, 3-OH-alpha-ionone, beta-ionone, 3-OH-alpha-apo-10'-carotenal, 3-OH-beta-apo-10'-carotenal, and beta-apo-10'-carotenal, indicating cleavage at both the 9,10 and 9,10' carbon-carbon double bond. Enzyme kinetic analysis indicated the xanthophylls zeaxanthin and lutein are preferentially cleaved over beta-cryptoxanthin, indicating a key role of CMO2 in non-provitamin A carotenoid metabolism. Furthermore, incubation of 3-OH-beta-apo-10'-carotenal with CMO2 lysate resulted in the formation of 3-OH-beta-ionone. In the presence of NAD(+), in vitro incubation of 3-OH-beta-apo-10'-carotenal with ferret hepatic homogenates formed 3-OH-beta-apo-10'-carotenoic acid. Since apo-carotenoids serve as important signaling molecules in a variety of biological processes, enzymatic cleavage of xanthophylls by mammalian CMO2 represents a new avenue of research regarding vertebrate carotenoid metabolism and biological function. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mein, Jonathan R.; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ernst, Hansgeorg] BASF AG, Fine Chem & Biocatalysis Res, GVF A B009, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NIH [R01CA104932]; US Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-064S]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [T32 DK062032] FX We thank Kang-Quan Hu for technical support and members of the Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory for helpful discussions. The work was supported by NIH Grant R01CA104932 and by the US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 1950-51000-064S. J.R.M. was supported by training grant T32 DK062032 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Institutes of Health or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 85 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 506 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2010.11.005 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 713BF UT WOS:000286709300013 PM 21081106 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Strother, KO Mundt, E Zsak, L Day, JM Spackman, E AF Pantin-Jackwood, M. J. Strother, K. O. Mundt, E. Zsak, L. Day, J. M. Spackman, E. TI Molecular characterization of avian astroviruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALL ROUND VIRUS; POULT ENTERITIS SYNDROME; BABY CHICK NEPHROPATHY; NEPHRITIS VIRUS; TURKEY ASTROVIRUSES; MORTALITY SYNDROME; BROILER CHICKS; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS; FLOCKS AB Astroviruses are frequently associated with enteric diseases in poultry, being isolated from cases of runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) of broiler chickens, poult enteritis complex (PEC), and poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) of turkeys. Currently, five types of avian astrovirus have been identified: turkey astroviruses 1 and 2 (TAstV-1, TAstV-2), avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and duck astrovirus (DAstV). The objective of this study was to molecularly characterize the different types of avian astroviruses circulating in commercial poultry. Sequence analysis of a region of ORF2, which encodes the capsid precursor protein associated with serotype and viral pathogenesis, revealed extensive variation in amino acid sequence within each subtype: TAstV-2 (81.5%-100%), ANV (69.9%-100%), and CAstV (85.3%-97.9%). However, this region was more conserved in TAstV-1's (96.2%-100%). Furthermore, a novel astrovirus was detected in chicken samples and found to be < 64% similar to ANV and < 30.6% similar to CAstV. The results of this study underline the great genetic variability of avian astroviruses and indicate that there are most likely multiple serotypes of each avian astrovirus circulating in commercial poultry. C1 [Pantin-Jackwood, M. J.; Zsak, L.; Day, J. M.; Spackman, E.] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Strother, K. O.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Louisiana Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mundt, E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mary.Pantin-Jackwood@ARS.USDA.gov FU USDA CRIS [6612-32000-054]; U.S. Poultry and Egg Association [F0008] FX The authors gratefully appreciate the assistance provided by Diane Smith in conducting this study. The authors also thank the SAA sequencing facility at SEPRL and Melissa Scott for technical assistance. This work was supported by USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-054 and by Grant F0008 from the U.S. Poultry and Egg Association. NR 60 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 156 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0849-z PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 714SE UT WOS:000286828500005 PM 21069394 ER PT J AU Spencer, W Rustigian-Romsos, H Strittholt, J Scheller, R Zielinski, W Truex, R AF Spencer, Wayne Rustigian-Romsos, Heather Strittholt, James Scheller, Robert Zielinski, William Truex, Richard TI Using occupancy and population models to assess habitat conservation opportunities for an isolated carnivore population SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE California; Fisher; Generalized additive model (GAM); Habitat model; Martes pennanti; Occupancy model; Population model; PATCH; Sierra Nevada ID FISHER MARTES-PENNANTI; CALIFORNIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; SELECTION; REGION; USA AB An isolated population of the fisher (Martes pennanti) in the southern Sierra Nevada, California, is threatened by small size and habitat alteration from wildfires, fuels management, and other factors. We assessed the population's status and conservation options for its habitat using a spatially explicit population model coupled with a fisher probability of occurrence model. The fisher occurrence model was selected from a family of generalized additive models (GAM) generated using numerous environmental variables and fisher detection-nondetection data collected at 228 survey arrays sampled repeatedly during 2002-2006. The selected GAM accounted for 69% of the Akaike weight using total above-ground biomass of trees, latitude-adjusted elevation, and annual precipitation averaged over a 5 km(2) moving window. We estimated equilibrium population sizes (or carrying capacities) within currently occupied areas, and identified likely population source, sink, and expansion areas, by simulating population processes for 20 years using different demographic rates, dispersal distances, and territory sizes. The population model assumed that demographic parameters of fishers scale in proportion to habitat quality as indexed by the calculated probability of fisher occurrence. Based on the most defensible range of parameter values, we estimate fisher carrying capacity at similar to 125-250 adults in currently occupied areas. Population expansion into potential habitat in and north of Yosemite National Park has potential to increase population size, but this potential for expansion is predicted to be highly sensitive to mortality rates, which may be elevated in the northern portion of the occupied range by human influences, including roadkill and diseases carried by domestic cats and dogs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spencer, Wayne] Conservat Biol Inst, San Diego, CA 92116 USA. [Rustigian-Romsos, Heather; Strittholt, James; Scheller, Robert] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Zielinski, William] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Truex, Richard] USDA Forest Serv, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Spencer, W (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, 815 Madison Ave, San Diego, CA 92116 USA. EM wdspencer@consbio.org; heather@consbio.org; stritt@consbio.org; rmscheller@consbio.org; bzielinski@fs.fed.us; rtruex@fs.fed.us RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 FU USDA Forest Service Region 5 FX Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service Region 5, with guidance and support from Chris Knopp, Beth Pendleton, Diane Macfarlane, and Arthur Gaffrey. Region 5's population monitoring program provided the fisher occurrence data, which were collected with funding provided by Region 5's Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment's Adaptive Management Strategy. We thank the numerous field technicians who contributed to the collection of these data. This work would not have been possible without review, data, and advice supplied by numerous technical staff at Region 5, including Donald Yasuda, Bernhard Bahro, Klaus Barber, Jay Miller, Hugh Safford, and Joe Sherlock. The fisher modeling work was overseen by a number of science advisors, especially Frank Davis, Reginald Barrett, David Graber, and Keith Aubry. Nathan Schumaker provided assistance with PATCH. Sylvia Haultain, Peter Stine, and Pat Lineback assisted with acquiring and interpreting environmental data. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 144 IS 2 BP 788 EP 803 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.027 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728TJ UT WOS:000287897100019 ER PT J AU Duan, JJ Bauer, LS Ulyshen, MD Gould, JR Van Driesche, R AF Duan, Jian J. Bauer, Leah S. Ulyshen, Michael D. Gould, Juli R. Van Driesche, Roy TI Development of methods for the field evaluation of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in North America, a newly introduced egg parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Classical biological control; Invasive; Exotic; Forest insect pests; Wood borers ID NATURAL ENEMIES; PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; CHINA; EULOPHIDAE AB A field study was conducted in forested plots near Lansing, Michigan in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the newly introduced egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) for control of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). To measure parasitism by O. agrili, laboratory-reared "sentinel EAB eggs" were deployed under bark flaps on trunks of selected ash trees in both parasitoid-release and non-release control plots. In addition, naturally occurring EAB eggs were collected in both parasitoid-release and control plots to measure parasitism. While no parasitism was detected with either sentinel or naturally occurring EAB eggs in control plots in either 2008 or 2009, a low level of parasitism by O. agrili was detected in the parasitoid-release plots in both artificially deployed sentinel eggs (<= 1%) and field-collected, naturally occurring eggs (1.1-4.2%) in both years. In addition to losses due to parasitism by O. agrili, a large proportion (37-52%) of the field-deployed sentinel eggs disappeared, possibly due to predators such as ants, in both parasitoid-release and control plots. While no statistical differences in parasitism by O. agrili were detected between parasitoid release and control plots, other sources of egg mortality such as disappearance due to predation on eggs, varied significantly across study sites in both 2008 and 2009. The relevance of these findings to future release and evaluation strategies for O. agrili for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer in the US is discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Duan, Jian J.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Ulyshen, Michael D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gould, Juli R.] USDA, APHIS PPQ, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Van Driesche, Roy] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Duan, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM jian.duan@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.11.009 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 695YD UT WOS:000285407900009 ER PT J AU Jin, XX Custis, D AF Jin, Xixuan Custis, Dan TI Microencapsulating aerial conidia of Trichoderma harzianum through spray drying at elevated temperatures SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Trichoderma; Aerial conidia; Microencapsulation; Spray drying; Elevated temperatures; Stabilization; Formulation; Biological control ID COMPATIBLE NONIONIC SURFACTANT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; BALANCE HLB NUMBER; BROWN-ROT DISEASE; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; FORMULATION; BIOCONTROL; MECHANISMS; MICROORGANISMS AB Conidia of Trichoderma harzianum produced from either solid or liquid fermentation must be dried to prevent spoilage by microbial contamination, and to induce dormancy for formulation development and prolonged self-life. Drying conidia of Trichoderma spp. in large scale production remains the major constraint because conidia lose viability during the drying process at elevated temperatures. Moreover, caking must be avoided during drying because heat generated by milling conidial chunks will kill conidia. It is ideal to dry conidia into a flow-able powder for further formulation development. A method was developed for microencapsulation of Trichoderma conidia with sugar through spray drying. Microencapsulation with sugars, such as sucrose, molasses or glycerol, significantly (P < 0.05) increased the survival percentages of conidia after drying. Microencapsulation of conidia with 2% sucrose solution resulted in the highest survival percentage when compared with other sucrose concentrations and had about 7.5 x 10(10) cfu in each gram of dried conidia, and 3.4 mg of sucrose added to each gram of dried conidia. The optimal inlet/outlet temperature setting was 60/31 degrees C for spray drying and microencapsulation. The particle size of microencapsulated conidia balls ranged from 10 to 25 mu m. The spray dried biomass of T. harzianum was a flow-able powder with over 99% conidia, which could be used in a variety of formulation developments from seed coatings to sprayable formulations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jin, Xixuan] ARS, USDA, MSA, BCPRU,Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Custis, Dan] Adv Biol Mkt Inc, Van Wert, OH 45891 USA. RP Jin, XX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, MSA, BCPRU,Natl Biol Control Lab, 59 Lee Rd,POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM xixuan.jin@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.11.008 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 695YD UT WOS:000285407900014 ER PT J AU McGlone, CM Sieg, CH Kolb, TE AF McGlone, Christopher M. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Kolb, Thomas E. TI Invasion resistance and persistence: established plants win, even with disturbance and high propagule pressure SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Bromus tectorum; Disturbance; Elymus elymoides; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Propagule Pressure ID ALTERS NITROGEN DYNAMICS; BROMUS-TECTORUM INVASION; SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; GREAT-BASIN; ECOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; CALCAREOUS SOILS AB Disturbances and propagule pressure are key mechanisms in plant community resistance to invasion, as well as persistence of invasions. Few studies, however, have experimentally tested the interaction of these two mechanisms. We initiated a study in a southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.)/bunch grass system to determine the susceptibility of remnant native plant communities to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion, and persistence of cheatgrass in invaded areas. We used a 2 x 2 factorial design consisting of two levels of aboveground biomass removal and two levels of reciprocal seeding. We seeded cheatgrass seeds in native plots and a native seed mixture in cheatgrass plots. Two biomass removal disturbances and sowing seeds over 3 years did not reverse cheatgrass dominance in invaded plots or native grass dominance in non-invaded native plots. Our results suggest that two factors dictated the persistence of the resident communities. First, bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey) was the dominant native herbaceous species on the study site. This species is typically a poor competitor with cheatgrass as a seedling, but is a strong competitor when mature. Second, differences in pretreatment levels of plant-available soil nitrogen and phosphorus may have favored the dominant species in each community. Annual species typically require higher levels of plant-available soil nutrients than perennial plants. This trend was observed in the annual cheatgrass community and perennial native community. Our study shows that established plants and soil properties can buffer the influences of disturbance and elevated propagule pressure on cheatgrass invasion. C1 [McGlone, Christopher M.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McGlone, Christopher M.; Kolb, Thomas E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP McGlone, CM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Box 15017, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM chris.mcglone@nau.edu FU US Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service; BLM Arizona Strip Field Office FX This study was funded by the US Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service. The authors thank the BLM Arizona Strip Field Office and staff and students at the Ecological Restoration Institute for their support. P. Fule and J. Belnap provided advice on the study design; they and two anonymous reviewers gave valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9806-8 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703RJ UT WOS:000285998700005 ER PT J AU Snyder, BA Callaham, MA Hendrix, PF AF Snyder, Bruce A. Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Hendrix, Paul F. TI Spatial variability of an invasive earthworm (Amynthas agrestis) population and potential impacts on soil characteristics and millipedes in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Earthworm; Amynthas; Invasive species; Millipede; Soil aggregation ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; CARBON; RESISTANCE; DIPLOPODA; BIOMASS; LAND AB European and Asian earthworm invasions are widespread in North America. European earthworms especially are well-known to cause dramatic changes in ecosystems in northern, formerly glaciated portions of the continent, but less is known about the impacts of earthworm invasions in unglaciated areas inhabited by indigenous earthworms. We monitored fluctuations in the spatial extent of an Amynthas agrestis (Megascolecidae) population in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern Tennessee, USA. Two years of monthly growing-season observations revealed that the distribution of the earthworm population was dynamic, but overall distribution was closely linked to temperature and moisture with dramatic reductions of earthworm numbers associated with very dry conditions. In plots where A. agrestis were more often detected, we measured increased A-horizon soil aggregation and decreased thickness of the Oe/Oa-horizon. However, A. agrestis was not related to A-horizon microbial biomass, A-horizon C:N, Oi-horizon (litter) thickness, or mass of forest floor (O-horizon). Reductions in millipede species richness and density were associated with frequency of A. agrestis presence, possibly due to direct competition for food resources (Oe/Oa material). This evidence for potentially negative interactions between millipedes and A. agrestis suggests that expansion of the non-native earthworm into new habitats in the Park may alter soil physical properties and could pose a threat to native millipede diversity. C1 [Snyder, Bruce A.; Hendrix, Paul F.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Snyder, Bruce A.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Callaham, Mac A., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hendrix, Paul F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Snyder, BA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bruceasnyder@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [0236276] FX Amynthas invasions in GSMNP were first reported to us by K. Langdon and B. Nichols (National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring) to whom we are grateful for logistical and intellectual support throughout this study. We also acknowledge: NPS volunteer B. Lochbaum for GPS location of our plot arrays; C. Lawson (Western Carolina University, WCU) for surveying plot elevations; J. Craft and S. Ferrell (WCU) for vegetation surveys; T. Maddox and the Odum School of Ecology Analytical Lab for chemical analysis; and the staff of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont for their enthusiastic assistance. J. Blackmon, W. Duncan, K. Jacobsen, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Field collecting would not have been possible without the help of many, many field assistants, who could not all be named here. This research was permitted under study number GRSM-00337 and supported by National Science Foundation grant number 0236276 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9826-4 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703RJ UT WOS:000285998700010 ER PT J AU Herrera, AM Carruthers, RI Mills, NJ AF Herrera, Angelica M. Carruthers, Raymond I. Mills, Nicholas J. TI Introduced populations of Genista monspessulana (French broom) are more dense and produce a greater seed rain in California, USA, than native populations in the Mediterranean Basin of Europe SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Genista monspessulana; Invasive species; Plant performance; Plant fecundity; Region; Seed bank ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; SHRUB CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AGE STRUCTURE; NEW-ZEALAND; EVOLUTION; RANGE AB Some invasive plants perform better in their area of introduction than in their native region, and this is often attributed either to phenotypic responses and/or to adaptive evolution following exposure to new environmental conditions. Genista monspessulana (French broom) is native to Europe, but highly invasive and abundant along the Pacific Coast of the USA. In this study, the population density and age structure, plant growth and reproductive traits, and seed bank characteristics of 13 native (Mediterranean Basin) and 15 introduced (California, USA) field populations of G. monspessulana were compared. Mean population density, plant height and stem diameter were greater in introduced populations, with the latter two traits explained by a greater mean plant age. Age structure also showed a greater percentage of seedling plants in introduced populations. Fecundity was higher in introduced populations when measured in terms of mature seeds per pod, but lower when comparing seed production per plant (number of pods and mature seeds). Thus, seed rain and seed bank size was considerably higher in introduced populations. Results from this study indicate that G. monspessulana performs better in its introduced region. We hypothesize that release from natural enemies and competitors together with more favorable environmental conditions in the introduced region may explain the invasion success of G. monspessulana. As a result, an integrated management approach using introduced seed predators to suppress seed production and selected management practices to reduce seed banks may be needed for effective long-term control in California. C1 [Herrera, Angelica M.; Carruthers, Raymond I.] ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Herrera, Angelica M.; Mills, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Herrera, AM (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM angelica.herrera@ars.usda.gov FU Unites States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [5325-22000-020-00D]; Bureau of Land Management [5325-22000-020-17R]; Georges Lurcy Fellowship FX We thank Dr. Andy Sheppard from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization for assistance in locating European field sites. We also thank the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments which improved this manuscript significantly. This work was funded by the Unites States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, CRIS Project Number 5325-22000-020-00D, a Bureau of Land Management Research Agreement Number 5325-22000-020-17R, and a Georges Lurcy Fellowship. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9829-1 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703RJ UT WOS:000285998700012 ER PT J AU Santos, MJ Anderson, LW Ustin, SL AF Santos, Maria J. Anderson, Lars W. Ustin, Susan L. TI Effects of invasive species on plant communities: an example using submersed aquatic plants at the regional scale SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Ceratophyllum demersum; Egeria densa; Myriophyllum spicatum; Native and non-native species; Species interactions ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; NEW-ZEALAND; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; EGERIA-DENSA; MACROPHYTES; RIVER; BIOMASS; POPULATIONS AB Submersed aquatic plants have a key role in maintaining functioning aquatic ecosystems through their effects on the hydrological regime, sedimentation, nutrient cycling and habitat of associated fauna. Modifications of aquatic plant communities, for example through the introduction of invasive species, can alter these functions. In the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, a major invasive submersed plant, Brazilian waterweed Egeria densa, has become widespread and greatly affected the functionality of the submersed aquatic plant community. Rapid assessments of the distribution and abundance of this species are therefore crucial to direct management actions early in the season. Given the E. densa bimodal growth pattern (late spring and fall growth peaks), summer assessments of this species may indicate which and where other submersed species may occur and fall assessments may indicate where this and other species may occur in the following spring, primarily because the Delta's winter water temperatures are usually insufficient to kill submersed aquatic plant species. We assessed community composition and distribution in the fall of 2007 and summer of 2008 using geostatistical analysis; and measured summer biomass, temperature, pH, salinity, and turbidity. In the fall of 2007, submersed aquatic plants covered a much higher proportion of the waterways (60.7%) than in the summer of 2008 (37.4%), with a significant overlap between the seasonal distribution of native and non-native species. Most patches were monospecific, and multispecies patches had significantly higher dominance by E. densa, co-occurring especially with Ceratophyllum demersum. As species richness of non-natives increased there was a significant decrease in richness of natives, and of native biomass. Sustained E. densa summer biomass negatively affected the likelihood of presence of Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton crispus, and Elodea canadensis but not their biomass within patches. Depth, temperature and salinity were associated with biomass; however, the direction of the effect was species specific. Our results suggest that despite native and invasive non-native submersed plant species sharing available niches in the Delta, E. densa affects aquatic plant community structure and composition by facilitating persistence of some species and reducing the likelihood of establishment of other species. Successful management of this species may therefore facilitate shifts in existing non-native or native plant species. C1 [Santos, Maria J.; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Spatial Technol & Remote Sensing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Santos, Maria J.; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, Lars W.] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Santos, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Spatial Technol & Remote Sensing, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjsantos@ucdavis.edu; lwanderson@ucdavis.edu; slustin@ucdavis.edu RI Santos, Maria Joao/M-5034-2013; Santos, Maria/H-6391-2015 OI Santos, Maria Joao/0000-0002-6558-7477; Santos, Maria/0000-0002-6558-7477 FU California Department of Boating and Waterways [03-105-114] FX Funding for this research was provided by the California Department of Boating and Waterways Agreement 03-105-114. We would like to acknowledge D. Kratville, J.R.C. Leavitt, P. Akers, and the field crews of the California Department of Boating & Waterways; E. Hestir, S. Khanna, J. Greenberg, S. Kefauver, M. Andrew, P. Haverkamp, P. Tittman, M. Whiting for assistance in the field. We also thank R. McIlvaine and G. Scheer for administrative support. Special thanks are due to M. Andrew for insightful comments and discussion. We would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief Dr. Dan Simberloff and two anonymous reviewers whose comments were extremely valuable and greatly improved this manuscript to its current form. NR 69 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 103 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 443 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9840-6 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703RJ UT WOS:000285998700019 ER PT J AU Mazzola, MB Chambers, JC Blank, RR Pyke, DA Schupp, EW Allcock, KG Doescher, PS Nowak, RS AF Mazzola, Monica B. Chambers, Jeanne C. Blank, Robert R. Pyke, David A. Schupp, Eugene W. Allcock, Kimberly G. Doescher, Paul S. Nowak, Robert S. TI Effects of resource availability and propagule supply on native species recruitment in sagebrush ecosystems invaded by Bromus tectorum SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass); Invasion; Sagebrush-steppe; Resource availability; Propagule supply; Seedling establishment; Sucrose addition ID GREAT-BASIN; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; ECOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; PERENNIAL GRASS; EXOTIC ANNUALS; SOIL-NITROGEN; PLANT; INVASION AB Resource availability and propagule supply are major factors influencing establishment and persistence of both native and invasive species. Increased soil nitrogen (N) availability and high propagule inputs contribute to the ability of annual invasive grasses to dominate disturbed ecosystems. Nitrogen reduction through carbon (C) additions can potentially immobilize soil N and reduce the competitiveness of annual invasive grasses. Native perennial species are more tolerant of resource limiting conditions and may benefit if N reduction decreases the competitive advantage of annual invaders and if sufficient propagules are available for their establishment. Bromus tectorum, an exotic annual grass in the sagebrush steppe of western North America, is rapidly displacing native plant species and causing widespread changes in ecosystem processes. We tested whether nitrogen reduction would negatively affect B. tectorum while creating an opportunity for establishment of native perennial species. A C source, sucrose, was added to the soil, and then plots were seeded with different densities of both B. tectorum (0, 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 viable seeds m(-2)) and native species (0, 150, 300, and 600 viable seeds m(-2)). Adding sucrose had short-term (1 year) negative effects on available nitrogen and B. tectorum density, biomass and seed numbers, but did not increase establishment of native species. Increasing propagule availability increased both B. tectorum and native species establishment. Effects of B. tectorum on native species were density dependent and native establishment increased as B. tectorum propagule availability decreased. Survival of native seedlings was low indicating that recruitment is governed by the seedling stage. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Mazzola, Monica B.] Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Mazzola, Monica B.] Univ Nacl La Pampa, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. [Blank, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Allcock, Kimberly G.; Nowak, Robert S.] Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Doescher, Paul S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010 FU USDA Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems [2001-52103-11322]; USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; USDI Bureau of Land Management FX We thank Carlos Wilson, Jacob Landmesser, Kendra Moseley, Lisa Ellsworth and Tye Morgan for technical assistance. George Fernandez, Dave Turner and Dave Board provided statistical advice, and Thomas A. Jones, Thomas Monaco, Dan Ogle and Loren St. Jones helped with study implementation. Comments from Carla D'Antonio, Dale Johnson, Tara Forbis and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Research was funded by the USDA Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems (CREES Agreement 2001-52103-11322) with additional support from the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, and the USDI Bureau of Land Management. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by U.S. government. NR 62 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 2 BP 513 EP 526 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9846-0 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 703RJ UT WOS:000285998700024 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Rypel, AL AF Haag, Wendell R. Rypel, Andrew L. TI Growth and longevity in freshwater mussels: evolutionary and conservation implications SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE age; life history; growth rate; von Bertalanffy; Unionidae; Margaritiferidae; Unionoida ID MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA L.; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA BIVALVIA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; PEARL MUSSELS; TRANSPLANT EXPERIMENT; EXTREME LONGEVITY; GLOBAL DIVERSITY; MACOMA-BALTHICA; SOUTHERN LIMIT; METABOLIC-RATE AB The amount of energy allocated to growth versus other functions is a fundamental feature of an organism's life history. Constraints on energy availability result in characteristic trade-offs among life-history traits and reflect strategies by which organisms adapt to their environments. Freshwater mussels are a diverse and imperiled component of aquatic ecosystems but little is known about their growth and longevity. Generalized depictions of freshwater mussels as 'long-lived and slow-growing' may give an unrealistically narrow view of life-history diversity which is incongruent with the taxonomic diversity of the group and can result in development of inappropriate conservation strategies. We investigated relationships among growth, longevity, and size in 57 species and 146 populations of freshwater mussels using original data and literature sources. In contrast to generalized depictions, longevity spanned nearly two orders of magnitude, ranging from 4 to 190 years, and the von Bertalanffy growth constant, K, spanned a similar range (0.02-1.01). Median longevity and K differed among phylogenetic groups but groups overlapped widely in these traits. Longevity, K, and size also varied among populations; in some cases, longevity and K differed between populations by a factor of two or more. Growth differed between sexes in some species and males typically reached larger sizes than females. In addition, a population of Quadrula asperata exhibited two distinctly different growth trajectories. Most individuals in this population had a low-to-moderate value of K (0.15) and intermediate longevity (27 years) but other individuals showed extremely slow growth (K = 0.05) and reached advanced ages (72 years). Overall, longevity was related negatively to the growth rate, K, and K explained a high percentage of variation in longevity. By contrast, size and relative shell mass (g mm-1 shell length) explained little variation in longevity. These patterns remained when data were corrected for phylogenetic relationships among species. Path analysis supported the conclusion that K was the most important factor influencing longevity both directly and indirectly through its effect on shell mass. The great variability in age and growth among and within species shows that allocation to growth is highly plastic in freshwater mussels. The strong negative relationship between growth and longevity suggests this is an important trade-off describing widely divergent life-history strategies. Although life-history strategies may be constrained somewhat by phylogeny, plasticity in growth among populations indicates that growth characteristics cannot be generalized within a species and management and conservation efforts should be based on data specific to a population of interest. C1 [Haag, Wendell R.; Rypel, Andrew L.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Rypel, Andrew L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us FU Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service FX We thank the following people for their various contributions to this study. Mickey Bland expertly prepared hundreds of shell thin sections and assisted with specimen collection and interpretation of shell rings. Amy Commens-Carson, Gordon McWhirter, Leann Staton, and Angela Greer also assisted with field and laboratory work. David Campbell provided a phylogeny of freshwater mussels. Jeff Garner, Mark Hove, and John Harris provided specimens for age and growth analysis. Mel Warren and Tom Dellmade helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service. NR 117 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 9 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 225 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00146.x PG 23 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 709WZ UT WOS:000286473400010 PM 20608928 ER PT J AU Lomakin, J Huber, PA Eichler, C Arakane, Y Kramer, KJ Beernan, RW Kanost, MR Gehrke, SH AF Lomakin, Joseph Huber, Patricia A. Eichler, Christian Arakane, Yasuyuki Kramer, Karl J. Beernan, Richard W. Kanost, Michael R. Gehrke, Stevin H. TI Mechanical Properties of the Beetle Elytron, a Biological Composite Material SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID INSECT-CUTICLE; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; CUTICULAR SCLEROTIZATION; PERITROPHIC MATRIX; NETWORK HYDROGELS; ADULT DEVELOPMENT; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; SQUID BEAKS; PROTEINS; POLYMERS AB We determined the relationship between composition and mechanical properties of elytra (modified forewings that are composed primarily of highly sclerotized dorsal and less sclerotized ventral cuticles) from the beetles Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) and Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm). Elytra of both species have similar mechanical properties at comparable stages of maturation (tanning). Shortly after adult eclosion, the elytron of Tenebrio is ductile and soft with a Young's modulus (E) of 44 +/- 8 MPa, but it becomes brittle and stiff with an E of 2400 +/- 1100 MPa when fully tanned. With increasing tanning, dynamic elastic moduli (E') increase nearly 20-fold, whereas the frequency dependence of E' diminishes. These results support the hypothesis that cuticle tanning involves cross-linking of components, while drying to minimize plasticization has a lesser impact on cuticular stiffening and frequency dependence. Suppression of the tanning enzymes laccase-2 (TcLac2) or aspartate 1-decarboxylase (TcADC) in Tribolium altered mechanical characteristics consistent with hypotheses that (1) ADC suppression favors formation of melanic pigment with a decrease in protein cross-linking and (2) Lac2 suppression reduces both cuticular pigmentation and protein cross-linking. C1 [Lomakin, Joseph; Huber, Patricia A.; Eichler, Christian; Gehrke, Stevin H.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Arakane, Yasuyuki; Kramer, Karl J.; Kanost, Michael R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arakane, Yasuyuki] Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Plant Biotechnol, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Kramer, Karl J.; Beernan, Richard W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Gehrke, SH (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM shgehrke@ku.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS 0726412] FX We thank our colleagues Michael S. Detamore, Anil Misra, Subbaratnam Muthukrishnan, Ranganthan Parthasarathy, and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IOS 0726412. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This is also contribution 08-3604 from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. All programs and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis, without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 89 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1021/bm1009156 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 719BZ UT WOS:000287175700006 PM 21189044 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, MA Bar, HY Beg, QK Segre, D Booth, J Cotta, MA Angenent, LT AF Rosenbaum, Miriam A. Bar, Haim Y. Beg, Qasim K. Segre, Daniel Booth, James Cotta, Michael A. Angenent, Largus T. TI Shewanella oneidensis in a lactate-fed pure-culture and a glucose-fed co-culture with Lactococcus lactis with an electrode as electron acceptor SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioelectrochemical system; Microbial fuel cell; Shewanella oneidensis; Microarray; Lactococcus lactis ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELL; REDUCTION; FLAVINS; MR-1; PUTREFACIENS; BACTERIUM; OXIDE AB Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) employing mixed microbial communities as biocatalysts are gaining importance as potential renewable energy, bioremediation, or biosensing devices. While we are beginning to understand how individual microbial species interact with an electrode as electron donor, little is known about the interactions between different microbial species in a community: sugar fermenting bacteria can interact with current producing microbes in a fashion that is either neutral, positively enhancing, or even negatively affecting. Here, we compare the bioelectrochemical performance of Shewanella oneidensis in a pure-culture and in a co-culture with the homolactic acid fermenter Lactococcus lactis at conditions that are pertinent to conventional BES operation. While S. oneidensis alone can only use lactate as electron donor for current production, the co-culture is able to convert glucose into current with a comparable coulombic efficiency of similar to 17%. With (electro)-chemical analysis and transcription profiling, we found that the BES performance and S. oneidensis physiology were not significantly different whether grown as a pure- or co-culture. Thus, the microbes worked together in a purely substrate based (neutral) relationship. These co-culture experiments represent an important step in understanding microbial interactions in BES communities with the goal to design complex microbial communities, which specifically convert target substrates into electricity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosenbaum, Miriam A.; Angenent, Largus T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bar, Haim Y.; Booth, James] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Beg, Qasim K.; Segre, Daniel] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Segre, Daniel] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Segre, Daniel] Boston Univ, Bioinformat Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Angenent, LT (reprint author), 214 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM la249@cornell.edu RI Segre, Daniel/A-1993-2009; Rosenbaum, Miriam/E-5317-2011; OI Rosenbaum, Miriam/0000-0002-4566-8624; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU LTA [0939882]; Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL [0939882]; National Science Foundation [0939882]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64388, DE-FG02-07ER64483] FX Financial support for this work was provided through a specific collaborative agreement between LTA and the Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL and the National Science Foundation through grant no. 0939882. D.S. and Q.K.B. are partially supported by US Department of Energy grants DE-FG02-07ER64388 and DE-FG02-07ER64483. We thank Pat O'Bryan and Bruce Dien of the USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL, for their help with the HPLC analysis, Mike Veith of Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, for his help with SEM imaging, and Gretta Serres of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA for the provision of the S. oneidensis gene annotation. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 102 IS 3 BP 2623 EP 2628 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.033 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 715RX UT WOS:000286904500069 PM 21036604 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikova, A Krylova, E Gavrilenko, T Smekalova, T Zhuk, M Knapp, S Spooner, DM AF Ovchinnikova, Anna Krylova, Ekaterina Gavrilenko, Tatjana Smekalova, Tamara Zhuk, Mikhail Knapp, Sandra Spooner, David M. TI Taxonomy of cultivated potatoes (Solanum section Petota: Solanaceae) SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cultivated plant taxonomy; potato taxonomy; typification ID GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION; BREVICAULE COMPLEX SOLANACEAE; JUZEPCZUKII BUK; CURTILOBUM JUZ; WILD; CHILE; DNA; AJANHUIRI; TUBEROSUM; COLLAPSE AB Solanum tuberosum, the cultivated potato of world commerce, is a primary food crop worldwide. Wild and cultivated potatoes form the germplasm base for international breeding efforts to improve potato in the face of a variety of disease, environmental and agronomic constraints. A series of national and international genebanks collect, characterize and distribute germplasm to stimulate and aid potato improvement. A knowledge of potato taxonomy and evolution guides collecting efforts, genebank operations and breeding. Past taxonomic treatments of wild and cultivated potato have differed tremendously among authors with regard to both the number of species recognized and the hypotheses of their interrelationships. In total, there are 494 epithets for wild and 626 epithets for cultivated taxa, including names not validly published. Recent classifications, however, recognize only about 100 wild species and four cultivated species. This paper compiles, for the first time, the epithets associated with all taxa of cultivated potato (many of which have appeared only in the Russian literature), places them in synonymy and provides lectotype designations for all names validly published where possible. We also summarize the history of differing taxonomic concepts in cultivated potato, and provide keys and descriptions for the four cultivated species. (c) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 165, 107-155. C1 [Ovchinnikova, Anna; Krylova, Ekaterina; Gavrilenko, Tatjana; Smekalova, Tamara; Zhuk, Mikhail] NI Vavilov Inst Plant Ind, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Knapp, Sandra] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov RI Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011 OI Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945 FU International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) [3329]; USDA Agricultural Research Service; NSF [DEB-0316614] FX This study was supported by International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), grant no. 3329, by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (http://www.vir.nw.ru/biot) and by NSF Planetary Biodiversity Inventory program grant DEB-0316614 (SK, DMS) entitled PBI Solanum: A Worldwide Treatment (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesour ce or http://www.solanaceaesource.org). We thank C. E. Jarvis (BM) and J. McNeill (E) for nomenclatural advice on lectotypification, K. Pistrick (GAT) for searching the collections for lectotype material of Danert's names, and two reviewers for careful revision of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4074 EI 1095-8339 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 165 IS 2 BP 107 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01107.x PG 49 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 704LP UT WOS:000286054800001 ER PT J AU Mercader, RJ Siegert, NW Liebhold, AM McCullough, DG AF Mercader, Rodrigo J. Siegert, Nathan W. Liebhold, Andrew M. McCullough, Deborah G. TI Simulating the effectiveness of three potential management options to slow the spread of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) populations in localized outlier sites SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; PLANT-QUALITY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; INVASIONS; ATTRACTION; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; TREES AB The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating, invasive insect pest of ash trees, Fraxinus spp., in North America. Using a simulation model, we evaluated three potential management options to slow the spread of A. planipennis in discrete outlier sites: (i) removing ash trees to reduce available host phloem resource, (ii) girdling ash trees to attract ovipositing female beetles and destroying the trees before larvae complete development, and (iii) applying a highly effective systemic insecticide. Simulations indicate that systemic insecticide applications provided the greatest reduction in the radial spread of A. planipennis. In simulations in which management options were applied only within a 300 m radius from the origin of the infestation, insecticide applications reduced the radial spread by 30% and larval consumption of ash phloem by 40% beyond the treated area. In contrast, girdling ash trees reduced the radial spread by 15% and larval consumption of ash phloem by 20% beyond the treated area. Both of these management options significantly reduced the spread of A. planipennis when treatments were applied 1 to 4 years after infestations were initiated. Reducing ash phloem by removing ash trees decreased population size within treated areas but did not reduce the radial spread, population size, or larval consumption of ash phloem beyond treated areas. C1 [Mercader, Rodrigo J.; McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Siegert, Nathan W.] USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mercader, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mercade2@msu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Mercader, Rodrigo/L-6550-2015 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Mercader, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4904-2805 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Area Forest Health Protection FX The authors thank Andrew Tluczek, David Cappaert, Andrea Anulewicz, Therese Poland, and all members of the Forest Entomology Lab at Michigan State University for their help with data collection. Comments provided by three anonymous reviewers improved this article. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Area Forest Health Protection. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 41 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1139/X10-201 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709XW UT WOS:000286475700005 ER PT J AU Bohbot, JD Jones, PL Wang, GR Pitts, RJ Pask, GM Zwiebel, LJ AF Bohbot, Jonathan D. Jones, Patrick L. Wang, Guirong Pitts, R. Jason Pask, Gregory M. Zwiebel, Laurence J. TI Conservation of Indole Responsive Odorant Receptors in Mosquitoes Reveals an Ancient Olfactory Trait SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Anopheles gambiae; indole; mosquito; odorant-receptor; olfaction; oviposition ID SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO; BERMUDA GRASS INFUSIONS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; MALARIA MOSQUITO; OVIPOSITION ATTRACTANT; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; HOST-SEEKING; IDENTIFICATION AB Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae are among the best-characterized mosquito species within the Culicinae and Anophelinae mosquito clades which diverged similar to 150 million years ago. Despite this evolutionary distance, the olfactory systems of these mosquitoes exhibit similar morphological and physiological adaptations. Paradoxically, mosquito odorant receptors, which lie at the heart of chemosensory signal transduction pathways, belong to a large and highly divergent gene family. We have used 2 heterologous expression systems to investigate the functional characteristics of a highly conserved subset of Ors between Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae to investigate whether protein homology correlates with odorant-induced activation. We find that these receptors share similar odorant response profiles and that indole, a common and ecologically relevant olfactory cue, elicits strong responses from these homologous receptors. The identification of other highly conserved members of this Or clade from mosquito species of varying phylogenetic relatedness supports a model in which high sensitivity to indole represents an ancient ecological adaptation that has been preserved as a result of its life cycle importance. These results provide an understanding of how similarities and disparities among homologous OR proteins relate to olfactory function, which can lead to greater insights into the design of successful strategies for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. C1 [Bohbot, Jonathan D.; Jones, Patrick L.; Wang, Guirong; Pitts, R. Jason; Pask, Gregory M.; Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Program Dev Biol, Dept Biol Sci,Ctr Mol Neurosci,Inst Chem Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bohbot, Jonathan D.; Jones, Patrick L.; Wang, Guirong; Pitts, R. Jason; Pask, Gregory M.; Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Program Dev Biol, Ctr Mol Neurosci,Inst Chem Biol,Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bohbot, Jonathan D.; Jones, Patrick L.; Wang, Guirong; Pitts, R. Jason; Pask, Gregory M.; Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Program Dev Biol, Ctr Mol Neurosci,Dept Pharmacol,Inst Global Hlth, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bohbot, Jonathan D.; Jones, Patrick L.; Wang, Guirong; Pitts, R. Jason; Pask, Gregory M.; Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Program Dev Biol, Dept Biol Sci,Ctr Mol Neurosci,Inst Global Hlth, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Genet Program, Dept Biol Sci,Ctr Mol Neurosci,Inst Chem Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Program Genet, Ctr Mol Neurosci,Inst Chem Biol,Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Genet Program, Ctr Mol Neurosci,Dept Pharmacol,Inst Global Hlth, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Genet Program, Ctr Mol Neurosci,Inst Global Hlth,Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bohbot, Jonathan D.] ARS, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zwiebel, LJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Program Dev Biol, Dept Biol Sci,Ctr Mol Neurosci,Inst Chem Biol, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM l.zwiebel@vanderbilt.edu OI Zwiebel, Laurence/0000-0001-6686-7289 FU Vanderbilt University; National Institutes of Health [AI056402]; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative FX This work was funded by Vanderbilt University and by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI056402) and The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative to L.J.Z. NR 82 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X EI 1464-3553 J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD FEB PY 2011 VL 36 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1093/chemse/bjq105 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 706KO UT WOS:000286217500004 PM 20956733 ER PT J AU Patch, JR Pedersen, LE Toka, FN Moraes, M Grubman, MJ Nielsen, M Jungersen, G Buus, S Golde, WT AF Patch, Jared R. Pedersen, Lasse E. Toka, Felix N. Moraes, Mauro Grubman, Marvin J. Nielsen, Morten Jungersen, Gregers Buus, Soren Golde, William T. TI Induction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Killing by Vaccination SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDE P1; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PARTIAL PROTECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; SECRETORY PATHWAY; CAPSID PROTEINS; ACUTE INFECTION; NATURAL-KILLER AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) continues to be a significant threat to the health and economic value of livestock species. This acute infection is caused by the highly contagious FMD virus (FMDV), which infects cloven-hoofed animals, including large and small ruminants and swine. Current vaccine strategies are all directed toward the induction of neutralizing antibody responses. However, the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has not received a great deal of attention, in part because of the technical difficulties associated with establishing a reliable assay of cell killing for this highly cytopathic virus. Here, we have used recombinant human adenovirus vectors as a means of delivering FMDV antigens in a T cell-directed vaccine in pigs. We tested the hypothesis that impaired processing of the FMDV capsid would enhance cytolytic activity, presumably by targeting all proteins for degradation and effectively increasing the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/FMDV peptide concentration for stimulation of a CTL response. We compared such a T cell-targeting vaccine with the parental vaccine, previously shown to effectively induce a neutralizing antibody response. Our results show induction of FMDV-specific CD8(+) CTL killing of MHC-matched target cells in an antigen-specific manner. Further, we confirm these results by MHC tetramer staining. This work presents the first demonstration of FMDV-specific CTL killing and confirmation by MHC tetramer staining in response to vaccination against FMDV. C1 [Patch, Jared R.; Pedersen, Lasse E.; Toka, Felix N.; Moraes, Mauro; Grubman, Marvin J.; Golde, William T.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Pedersen, Lasse E.; Nielsen, Morten; Jungersen, Gregers] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pedersen, Lasse E.; Nielsen, Morten; Jungersen, Gregers] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pedersen, Lasse E.; Buus, Soren] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Expt Immunol Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov RI Jungersen, Gregers/C-3940-2011; Toka, Felix/C-4853-2011; Nielsen, Morten/E-7754-2011; Buus, Soren/F-5446-2010; OI Jungersen, Gregers/0000-0003-3147-6960; Nielsen, Morten/0000-0001-7885-4311; Buus, Soren/0000-0001-8363-1999 FU CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D]; Agricultural Research Service, USDA; Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences [274-09-0281]; Plum Island Animal Disease Center; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) FX We thank Mary Kenney and Mital Pandya (Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA) for their support and assistance with these studies. We also thank staff of the Animal Resources Unit ( Plum Island Animal Disease Center, DHS) for their professional work with the animals used in these experiments.; This work was funded by CRIS grant no. 1940-32000-052-00D from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA (W.T.G.). In addition, this work was partially cofunded by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences grant no. 274-09-0281 (G.J.). L.E. Pedersen was the recipient of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). NR 58 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 18 IS 2 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1128/CVI.00417-10 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 712GJ UT WOS:000286653900013 PM 21177918 ER PT J AU Foroughi, N Smith, RM Lange, AK Baker, MK Singh, MAF Vanwanseele, B AF Foroughi, Nasim Smith, Richard M. Lange, Angela K. Baker, Michael K. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone Vanwanseele, Benedicte TI Lower limb muscle strengthening does not change frontal plane moments in women with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial SO CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Osteoarthritis; Knee moments; Muscle strength; Randomized controlled trial ID MEDIAL TIBIOFEMORAL OSTEOARTHRITIS; ADDUCTION MOMENT; DISEASE SEVERITY; GAIT; WALKING; HIP; LOAD; PAIN; PROGRESSION; STABILITY AB Background: Osteoarthritis is a common musculo-skeletal problem accompanied with muscle weakness. Muscle weakness may be readily improved by resistance training. Greater muscle strength has been associated with a lower knee joint loading rate. Methods: We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial of 54 female patients with osteoarthritis in at least one knee, according to the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria. Patients were randomized into a 6-month high intensity progressive resistance training or a sham-exercise program. The primary outcomes were first peak knee and hip adduction moment measured using three-dimensional gait analysis at self-selected habitual and maximal speeds. Secondary outcomes were sagittal plane knee and hip moments, peak muscle strength, gait speed, and self-reported knee osteoarthritis symptoms measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Findings: Six months of high intensity resistance training did not change the first peak knee or hip adduction moment at either habitual or maximum walking speeds (P > 0.413) compared to the sham-exercise. However, the second peak hip adduction moment (P=0.025) and WOMAC pain score (P < 0.001) were reduced significantly in both groups over time, but there was no group effect. The changes in the second peak hip adduction moment were inversely related to the changes in the WOMAC pain score (r= -0.394, P=0.009). Interpretations: Muscle strength training in women with osteoarthritis, while effective for reducing osteoarthritis symptoms, appeared to operate through mechanisms other than improved knee or hip joint loading, as paradoxically, improved symptoms were related to decreases of hip adduction moment in late stance. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Foroughi, Nasim; Smith, Richard M.; Lange, Angela K.; Baker, Michael K.; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone; Vanwanseele, Benedicte] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Discipline Exercise Hlth & Performance, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ct, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Vanwanseele, B (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, 75 East St, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. EM benedicte.vanwanseele@sydney.edu.au RI Baker, Michael/E-9514-2010; Smith, Richard/F-6281-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0003-1098-3613; Baker, Michael/0000-0002-0551-4209 FU University of Sydney [S4201 U3301] FX The authors acknowledge the volunteers and The University of Sydney R & D Grant (S4201 U3301). NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-0033 J9 CLIN BIOMECH JI Clin. Biomech. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.08.011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 728VL UT WOS:000287902500010 PM 20888096 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Fielding, RA AF Liu, Christine K. Fielding, Roger A. TI Exercise as an Intervention for Frailty SO CLINICS IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Exercise; Frailty; Elderly; Older adults ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OLDER-ADULTS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; FUNCTIONAL DECLINE; BODY-COMPOSITION; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; STRENGTH; WOMEN; DISABILITY AB By 2015, nearly 15% of the US population will be older than 65 years. In 2030, there will be more than 70 million older Americans. This increase in the elderly population has prompted interest in recent years toward the study of frail older adults. This article reviews the literature investigating the utility of aerobic and resistance exercise training as an intervention for frailty in older adults. In addition, areas of future research are addressed, including concerns related to the dissemination of exercise interventions on a widespread scale. Guidelines for an "exercise prescription" for frail older adults are briefly outlined. C1 [Liu, Christine K.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, Christine K.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Sect Geriatr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu OI Liu, Christine/0000-0001-6592-7550 FU Bureau of Health Professions [D01 HP08796]; Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX Dr Liu was supported by a Health Resources and Services Administration grant from the Bureau of Health Professions (# D01 HP08796) and by Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA. Dr Fielding was supported by the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679). This material is based on work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. NR 50 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 14 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0690 J9 CLIN GERIATR MED JI Clin. Geriatr. Med. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 101 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cger.2010.08.001 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 696JA UT WOS:000285436500010 PM 21093726 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Homan, HJ AF Linz, George M. Homan, H. Jeffrey TI Use of glyphosate for managing invasive cattail (Typha spp.) to disperse blackbird (Icteridae) roosts SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE Blackbirds; Cattails; Glyphosate; Sunflower damage; Typha spp.; Wetland management ID INDUCED HABITAT ALTERATIONS; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; PHEASANTS PHASIANUS-COLCHICUS; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; NORTH-DAKOTA; ACUTE TOXICITY; HERBICIDE; WETLANDS; SUNFLOWER; WATERFOWL AB Hybrid cattail (Typha x glauca Godr.) has become the dominant emergent vegetation in many wetlands of central North America's Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Hybrid cattail, an invasive species, can outcompete native emergents and form a dense canopy that alters the original physiognomy and ecological processes of the wetland. Blackbirds (Icteridae), which number in the millions in late summer in the PPR, use cattails for reproduction, loafing and roosting. Ripening crops, especially sunflower, planted near wetland roost sites can sustain considerable economic damage from blackbirds. Producers of sunflower in North Dakota and South Dakota can obtain assistance from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Wildlife Services unit to prevent blackbird damage. Beginning in 1991, Wildlife Services began aerially spraying cattails with glyphosate herbicide to reduce roosting substrate and lessen the severity of localized sunflower damage. As the program enters its 20th year, we review published research aimed at assessing the ecological effects and efficacy of glyphosate use in wetlands. Additionally, we incorporate unpublished data gathered to enhance the program's environmental safety and efficacy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Linz, George M.; Homan, H. Jeffrey] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM george.m.linz@aphis.usda.gov NR 73 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.10.003 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 716GT UT WOS:000286957800001 ER PT J AU Thines, B Harmon, FG AF Thines, Bryan Harmon, Frank G. TI Four easy pieces: mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of growth and development SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHELATASE H-SUBUNIT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEED-GERMINATION; SHADE-AVOIDANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; CLOCK; LIGHT; PROTEIN AB The circadian clock confers rhythms of approximately 24 hours to biological events. It elevates plant fitness by allowing plants to anticipate predictable environmental changes and organize life process to coincide with the most favorable environmental conditions. Many developmental events are circadian regulated to ensure that growth occurs at the ideal time or season relative to available resources. Circadian clock control over growth and development is often achieved through regulation of key phytohormone action. Circadian influence over the genome is widespread and the clock modulates genes involved in phytohormone synthesis and signaling, in addition to other pathways shaping growth and development. This review presents four nonmutually exclusive mechanisms by which temporal information is gleaned from the core oscillator and passed to pathways regulating plant growth and development. C1 [Thines, Bryan; Harmon, Frank G.] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Thines, Bryan; Harmon, Frank G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harmon, FG (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fharmon@berkeley.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS 5335-21000-026-00D]; Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award [F32GM083536-01] FX We apologize to our colleagues whose work we were unable to discuss because of space constraints. F.G.H is supported by United States Department of Agriculture grant CRIS 5335-21000-026-00D and B.T. by Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award F32GM083536-01. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.09.009 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 724DA UT WOS:000287555100006 PM 20943429 ER PT J AU Chung, YW Wang, J Ajayi, O Biresaw, G Cao, JA Hua, DA Lapatovich, W Liu, WK Majumdar, A Qureshi, F Zhu, D AF Chung, Yip-Wah Wang, Jane Ajayi, Oyelayo Biresaw, Girma Cao, Jian Hua, Diann Lapatovich, Walter Liu, Wing K. Majumdar, Arun Qureshi, Farrukh Zhu, Dong TI Transformative research issues and opportunities in energy efficiency SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Energy efficiency; Smart buildings; Energy-efficient lighting; High-performance alloys; Protective coatings; Surface texturing; Bio-based lubricants ID VEGETABLE-OIL; CARBON-FILMS; LOW-FRICTION; SURFACES; LUBRICATION; STABILITY; BOUNDARY AB This article summarizes the discussions and deliberations on transformative research issues and opportunities in energy efficiency identified by a panel of experts assembled for the Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation Division of the US National Science Foundation. The discussions were confined to two areas - reducing energy consumption in buildings and improving energy efficiency in transportation. While these represent only a very small segment of important areas in energy efficiency, the panel considered them to be the most promising in terms of return on investment in research efforts. In the area of reducing energy consumption in buildings, high-priority research topics include information technology infrastructure for fundamental data gathering, processing and management, whole system and process integration for design and operation of smart buildings, and high-performance building components and sub-systems. In the area of energy efficiency in transportation, high-priority research topics include development of high-temperature high-performance ferrous alloys, systems design of protective coatings, fundamental understanding of surface texturing effects on friction and wear, and development of oxidatively stable bio-based lubricants. The energy challenge is serious. We need sustained investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and talent development in these new technologies for the future of our civilization. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, Yip-Wah] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Chung, Yip-Wah; Wang, Jane; Cao, Jian; Liu, Wing K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ajayi, Oyelayo] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Biresaw, Girma] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hua, Diann] Caterpillar Inc, Adv Mat Technol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. [Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Qureshi, Farrukh] Lubrizol Corp, Wickliffe, OH 44092 USA. [Zhu, Dong] Tritech Solut, Mt Prospect, IL 60056 USA. RP Chung, YW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM ywchung@northwestern.edu RI Chung, Yip-Wah/B-7506-2009; Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009; Cao, Jian/B-7544-2009 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI 0901256] FX We wish to thank the National Science Foundation (CMMI 0901256) for supporting these discussions. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2010.09.005 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 705KK UT WOS:000286127100003 ER PT J AU Tussing-Humphreys, L Pini, M Ponemone, V Braunschweig, C Fantuzzi, G AF Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa Pini, Maria Ponemone, Venkatesh Braunschweig, Carol Fantuzzi, Giamila TI Suppressed cytokine production in whole blood cultures may be related to iron status and hepcidin and is partially corrected following weight reduction in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE Obesity; Ex vivo LPS and ZY stimulated cytokine; production; Immunity; Hepcidin; Iron status ID DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; MICE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INTERLEUKIN-18; MACROPHAGES; DEFICIENCY AB Objective: Assess ex vivo whole-blood (WB) cytokine production and its association with iron status and serum hepcidin in obese versus non-obese women. Determine the change in ex vivo WB cytokine production 6 months after restrictive bariatric surgery in the obese group. Subjects: Seventeen obese (BMI: 46.6 +/- 7.9 kg/m(2)) and 19 non-obese (BMI: 22.5 +/- 3.0 kg/m(2)), pre-menopausal women: frequency matched for hemoglobin, age and race. Measurements: At baseline control and ex vivo stimulated IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha from heparinized WB cultures, hemoglobin from finger-stick and transferrin receptor, hepcidin, CRP, IL-6, HOMA-IR from fasted serum samples and anthropometric parameters were assessed in the women. All parameters were reassessed 6-months following restrictive bariatric surgery in the obese women only. Results: Whole blood ex vivo LPS and ZY stimulated production of IL-6, TNF alpha, and IFN gamma was reduced, IL-22 increased, and IL-10 was unaffected in obese compared with the non-obese women. Furthermore, ex vivo stimulated production of IL-6 and TNF alpha normalized, but IFN gamma production remained unchanged with weight loss following restrictive bariatric surgery. In the obese women, serum transferrin receptor (a marker of iron status) and serum hepcidin were correlated with ex vivo stimulated IFN gamma production at baseline. Conclusion: Ex vivo LPS and ZY stimulated cytokine production from WB cultures was altered in pre-menopausal women with morbid obesity. Significant weight loss resulted in normalization of some but not all observed alterations. Furthermore, iron status and serum hepcidin were associated with ex vivo LPS and ZY stimulated IFN gamma in obesity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pini, Maria; Ponemone, Venkatesh; Braunschweig, Carol; Fantuzzi, Giamila] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Nutr, Coll Appl Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Fantuzzi, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Nutr, Coll Appl Hlth Sci, 1919 W Taylor St,Room 650,M-C 517, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM giamila@uic.edu RI Fantuzzi, Giamila/A-1758-2009 OI Fantuzzi, Giamila/0000-0001-5334-0082 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL093142, R01 HL093142-02]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK083328, R01 DK083328-01A2] NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD FEB PY 2011 VL 53 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.11.008 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 720HX UT WOS:000287272700013 PM 21145254 ER PT J AU Walker, WB Allen, ML AF Walker, William Benjamin, III Allen, Margaret Louise TI RNA interference-mediated knockdown of IAP in Lygus lineolaris induces mortality in adult and pre-adult life stages SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; functional genetics; quantitative Real Time PCR; inhibitor of apoptosis; insect molecular biology; Miridae; Hemiptera; alfalfa; pest control ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; GENE; MIRIDAE AB In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has been validated as a viable approach for functional genetic studies in non-model organisms. In this report we demonstrate the efficacy of RNAi in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Miridae: Hemiptera). A L. lineolaris inhibitor of apoptosis gene (LlIAP) has been identified and cloned. The translated sequence encodes a 381 amino acid protein similar to other insect IAPs and contains two conserved baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis protein repeat (BIR) domains. Microinjection of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) corresponding to two disparate portions of the gene resulted in decreased LlIAP mRNA quantities relative to controls. Both nymphs and adult specimens injected with IAP dsRNA exhibited significantly reduced lifespan compared with those injected with non-insect dsRNA (eGFP). Thus, RNAi-mediated knockdown of LlIAP expression has been correlated with a lethal phenotype in adults and nymphs. C1 [Walker, William Benjamin, III; Allen, Margaret Louise] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Allen, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM meg.allen@ars.usda.gov OI Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 138 IS 2 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.01078.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 703VA UT WOS:000286008200001 ER PT J AU Otalora-Luna, F Dickens, JC AF Otalora-Luna, Fernando Dickens, Joseph C. TI Spectral preference and temporal modulation of photic orientation by Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE CPB; photo-orientation; color vision; pulsed stimuli; locomotion compensator; sensory ecology; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA SAY; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; VISUAL ORIENTATION; HOST; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; INSECTS; FIXATION; STIMULI; VISION AB The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a diurnal insect that strongly relies on visual cues to guide its walk. In the present study, we investigated the orientation behavior of non-diapausing walking CPB in response to emissive colors produced by light emitting diodes (LEDs) in a dual choice arena adapted to a servosphere, where the only illumination available came from the photo-stimuli. Our results demonstrate that CPB show positive phototactic behavior when stimulated with different wavelengths of light; they preferred to orient towards white (420-775 nm), ultraviolet (UV) (351 nm), blue (472 nm), green (570 nm), yellow (585 nm), orange (590 nm), and red (660 nm) over darkness when both alternatives were offered, but no orientation responses were elicited by infrared (940 nm). Both males and females preferred yellow and green over other colors, but did not show any particular preference between them, thus correlating with their preference for wavelengths reflected by vegetation. Sexual differences were noted in that male CPB preferred white over either red or UV, whereas female CPB did not show any preferences when offered these colors. Female CPB preferred UV and blue over red, whereas males showed no preferences when these colors were offered. Colorado potato beetles turned at higher angles and performed more tortuous walks in complete darkness and when infrared vs. darkness were offered compared with the rest of the colored lights. Both sexes preferred continuous over pulsed yellow light. Colorado potato beetles subjected to pulsed yellow light showed a temporal alteration of their walking performance by walking less, slower, and turning at a higher rate. The results are discussed with regard to the role of color in the CPB attraction to host plants and conspecifics as well as the role of intermittent photic stimuli in their orientation behavior. The information provided here provides a basis for the improvement of trapping devices for detection and survey of incipient or invasive CPB, and development of alternate control strategies for this important pest of potatoes and other solanaceous crops. C1 [Otalora-Luna, Fernando; Dickens, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Otalora-Luna, Fernando] Sede Merida IVIC Merida, Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, CEIF, Lab Ecol Sensorial, Parroquia Jaji, Edo Merida, Venezuela. RP Otalora-Luna, F (reprint author), Sede Merida IVIC Merida, Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, CEIF, Lab Ecol Sensorial, Parroquia Jaji, Edo Merida, Venezuela. EM fotalora@ivic.gob.ve OI Otalora-Luna, Fernando/0000-0002-5313-2184 FU USDA; ARS; Potato Research Program; LOCTI FX We wish to acknowledge Drs. Luis Marti-Lopez from the Center of Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN), Cuba, Humberto Cabrera from the Laboratory of Applied Optics, CEIF, IVIC-Merida, and Marcos Rodriguez from the Center of Technological Innovation (CITEC) from University of Los Andes for their valuable comments on the optical methods used here. This work was partially supported by a grant provided to JCD from the USDA, ARS, Potato Research Program, and by a grant provided to FOL from the LOCTI contribution found. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 138 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.01081.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 703VA UT WOS:000286008200002 ER PT J AU Ode, PJ Charlet, LD Seiler, GJ AF Ode, Paul J. Charlet, Laurence D. Seiler, Gerald J. TI Sunflower Stem Weevil and Its Larval Parasitoids in Native Sunflowers: Is Parasitoid Abundance and Diversity Greater in the US Southwest? SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE native sunflowers; Cylindrocopturus adspersus; parasitism; native versus cultivated ID CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS COLEOPTERA; HOMOEOSOMA-ELECTELLUM LEPIDOPTERA; APION-OCCIDENTALE COLEOPTERA; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTH-DAKOTA; CURCULIONIDAE; HELIANTHUS AB Classical biological control programs often target a pest's region of origin as a likely source for new biological control agents. Here, we use this approach to search for biological control agents of the sunflower stem weevil (Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte), an economically important pest of commercial sunflower. We conducted surveys of weevil natural enemy diversity and abundance across a transect running from the northern Great Plains to the southwestern U.S. (the presumed area of endemism of annual sunflower species in the genus Helianthus). Accordingly, natural enemy diversity and abundance were expected to be greater in the southwestern U.S. C. adspersus and their larval parasitoids were collected from stems of four native sunflower species (Helianthus annum, H. nuttallii, H. pauciflorus, and H. petiolaris) from 147 sites across eight states. Native H. annum constituted the majority of the sunflower populations. Mean weevil densities were significantly higher in sunflower stalks that were larger in diameter. Mean weevil densities within sites did not differ across the range of longitudes and latitudes sampled. After accounting for the effects of stalk diameter and location, weevil densities did not differ among the four sunflower species nor did they differ as a function of elevation. C. adspersus in H. annuus and H. petiolaris were attacked by seven species of parasitoids. No parasitoids were found attacking C. adspersus in H. nut-tan or H. pauciflorus stalks. C. adspersus were twice as likely to be attacked by a parasitoid when feeding on H. petiolaris than H. annuus. Furthermore, the likelihood that C. adspersus would be parasitized decreased with increasing elevation and increasing stem diameters. All parasitoid species have been previously reported attacking C. adspersus larvae in cultivated sunflower. Species richness was less diverse in these collections than from previous studies of cultivated sunflower. Our findings suggest that the species of larval parasitoids attacking C. adspersus in native sunflowers have successfully made the transition to cultivated sunflower. C1 [Ode, Paul J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Charlet, Laurence D.; Seiler, Gerald J.] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Ode, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Campus Delivery 1177, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM paul.ode@colostate.edu NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1603/EN10068 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723XW UT WOS:000287541700003 PM 22182606 ER PT J AU Mathews, CR Bottrell, DG Brown, MW AF Mathews, Clarissa R. Bottrell, Dale G. Brown, Mark W. TI Interactions Between Extrafloral Nectaries, Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Other Natural Enemies Affect Biological Control of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Peach (Rosales: Rosaceae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extrafloral nectaries; plant defense; peach; oriental fruit moth; ants ID COCCINELLIDAE; PROTECTION; PREDATION; MUTUALISM AB Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are reported to benefit some plants when ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) use their secretions and fend off herbivores, but in some cases resulting competitive interactions may reduce biological control of specific herbivores. This research examined the interactions between ants and other natural enemies associated with the EFNs of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batcsh] and the implications for biological control of a key pest, the oriental fruit moth [Grapholita molesta (Busck)]. Studies using sentinel G. molesta placed on peach trees ('Lovell' cultivar) with EFNs present and absent revealed that several natural enemy groups associated with the EFNs contribute to reductions in G. molesta eggs, larvae, and pupae in peach orchards. Ants on trees with EFNs antagonized the G. molesta egg parasitoid Trichogramma minutum (Riley), but the ants were crucial in reducing G. molesta in both the larval and pupal stages. Overall, individual trees with EFNs experienced higher ant and other (nonant) natural enemy densities and subsequent pest reductions, as compared with trees without EFNs. However, the implications of EFN-natural enemy-pest interactions to orchard-level biological control will likely depend on local G. molesta population dynamics. C1 [Mathews, Clarissa R.; Bottrell, Dale G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Mark W.] USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Mathews, CR (reprint author), Shepherd Univ Shepherdstown, Inst Environm Studies, POB 5000, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM cmathews@shepherd.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1603/EN10161 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723XW UT WOS:000287541700007 PM 22182610 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Reilly, CC Hotchkiss, MW AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Reilly, Charles C. Hotchkiss, Michael W. TI Comparative Impact of Artificial Selection for Fungicide Resistance on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; fungicide; genetic improvement; Metarhizium brunneum; resistance ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; IN-VITRO; ANISOPLIAE; VIRULENCE; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION; SURVIVAL; CULTURE; CONIDIA AB Hypocreales fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium brunneum Petch can be negatively affected by fungicides thereby reducing their biocontrol potential. In a previous study, we demonstrated enhanced fungicide resistance in B. bassiana through artificial selection. However, it is not clear if the enhanced resistance was because of improved germination, vegetative growth, or both. Additionally, the enhanced fungicide resistance has only been demonstrated in B. bassiana, and therefore it is of interest to investigate the potential to enhance resistance in other fungi. Thus, the objectives in this study were to determine the potential to enhance fungicide resistance in M. brunneum through artificial selection, and investigate if selection is based on germination, vegetative growth, or both in B. bassiana and M. brunneum. Selection for resistance to fenbuconazole, and triphenyltin hydroxide was assessed through inhibition evaluations on solid media, and germination and mycelial growth in liquid media. Increased resistance after selection was observed for all fungicide-fungus combinations on solid and or liquid media. Selection resulted in increased resistance to fenbuconazole in both fungi in solid and liquid media; in liquid culture fungicide resistance in B. bassiana was manifested by increased germination and mycelial growth, whereas in M. brunneum fungicide resistance concerned only mycelial growth. Selection for resistance to triphenyltin hydroxide varied in the different media. For B. bassiana, triphenyltin hydroxide resistance was enhanced on solid media but not in liquid, whereas enhanced resistance of M. brunneum was detected in both media. Fungicide sensitivity and selection potential differs based on the medium and fungal species. Selection for fungicide resistance, had negative effects on other beneficial traits when fungicide pressure was removed, for example, some selected populations showed decreased germination or growth, relative to their nonselected control populations. Additionally, reduced virulence to the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), was observed in all fungal populations that were exposed to fungicide resistance regimes. We conclude that it is possible to use genetic selection to enhance fungicide resistance in B. bassiana and M. brunneum, but before use the resulting populations should be screened for inadvertent negative impacts on beneficial traits. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Reilly, Charles C.; Hotchkiss, Michael W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1603/EN10214 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723XW UT WOS:000287541700009 PM 22182612 ER PT J AU Duehl, AJ Arbogast, RT Teal, PE AF Duehl, A. J. Arbogast, R. T. Teal, P. E. TI Age and Sex Related Responsiveness of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Novel Behavioral Bioassays SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioassay; Tribolium castaneum; disturbance; chemical attraction ID STORED-PRODUCT COLEOPTERA; CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; RESPONSES; OVIPOSITION; VOLATILES AB The hardiness and mobile nature of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) make them easy to work with but are the same factors that make their responses to behavior-modifying chemical stimuli difficult to evaluate. To overcome these difficulties two bioassays were developed: a two-choice test with airflow and a diffusion-based test to evaluate responses to chemical stimuli. The two-choice assay is excellent for rapidly comparing two stimuli or examining the response to one stimulus against a control. The diffusion assay determines differences in orientation behavior to multiple simultaneous stimuli and can examine other behaviors during exposure. Preparation of individuals for bioassay is also important, because disturbance increases the activity level of individual beetles beyond the duration of the disturbance. The age and the sex of beetles affect responsiveness to chemical cues. These bioassays and a better understanding of T. castaneum's activity have revealed approaches for evaluating its responsiveness to behavior-modifying chemicals. C1 [Duehl, A. J.; Arbogast, R. T.; Teal, P. E.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. RP Duehl, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. EM adrian.duehl@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1603/EN10107 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723XW UT WOS:000287541700012 PM 22182615 ER PT J AU Pitzer, JB Kaufman, PE Geden, CJ Hogsette, JA AF Pitzer, Jimmy B. Kaufman, Phillip E. Geden, Christopher J. Hogsette, Jerome A. TI The Ability of Selected Pupal Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Locate Stable Fly Hosts in a Soiled Equine Bedding Substrate SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spalangia cameroni; Spalangia endius; Muscidifurax raptorellus; Stomoxys calcitrans; parasitism ID HOUSE-FLIES DIPTERA; MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS HYMENOPTERA; SPALANGIA-CAMERONI HYMENOPTERA; NEW-YORK; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; MUSCIDAE PUPARIA; POULTRY FACILITY AB The ability of Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, and Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner to locate and attack stable fly hosts was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Postfeeding third-instar stable fly larvae were released and allowed to pupate in two arena types: large 4.8 liter chambers containing a field-collected, soiled equine bedding substrate; or 120-ml plastic cups containing wood chips. At the time of fly pupariation, parasitoids were released and permitted 72 h to locate and attack hosts. On average, parasitism rates of freely accessible stable fly pupae in cups were not significantly different between parasitoid species. However, parasitism rates in chambers containing either Spalangia spp. were approximate to 50-fold more than M. raptorellus. Additional intraspecies analysis revealed that parasitism rates both by S. cameroni and S. endius were not significantly different when pupae were freely accessible or within bedding, whereas M. raptorellus attacked significantly more pupae in cups than in the larger chambers where hosts were distributed within bedding. These results suggest that Spalangia spp. are more suited to successfully locate and attack hosts in habitats created by equine husbandry in Florida. Therefore, commercially available parasitoid mixtures containing Muscidifurax spp. may be ineffective if used as a control measure at Florida equine facilities. C1 [Pitzer, Jimmy B.; Kaufman, Phillip E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Geden, Christopher J.; Hogsette, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kaufman, PE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pkaufman@ufl.edu FU University of Florida (Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture) [FLA-ENY-04598, FLA-ENY-04880] FX We thank S. Nunez, T. Johnson, M. Segal, P. Obenauer, and L. Wood for assistance with this project. Thanks are extended to the equine facility owners for allowing access to their properties. This research was supported by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds, projects FLA-ENY-04598 and FLA-ENY-04880 (Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture). NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1603/EN10124 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723XW UT WOS:000287541700013 PM 22182616 ER PT J AU Boiteau, G Vincent, C Meloche, F Leskey, TC Colpitts, BG AF Boiteau, G. Vincent, C. Meloche, F. Leskey, T. C. Colpitts, B. G. TI Evaluation of Tag Entanglement as a Factor in Harmonic Radar Studies of Insect Dispersal SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electronic tag; entanglement; harmonic radar; insect tracking; insect walking ID PLUM CURCULIO COLEOPTERA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; MOVEMENT; TRACKING; FLIGHT; APPLE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; FIELDS; QUEBEC AB The observation of insects and other small organisms entangled in the habitat after the addition of vertical or trailing electronic tags to their body has generated concerns on the suitability of harmonic radars to track the dispersal of insects. This study compared the walking behavior of adult Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Chrysomelidae), plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) Curculionidae), and western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) Chrysomelidae) with and without vertical and or trailing tags in field plots or arenas. The frequency of the larger Colorado potato beetles crossing bare ground or grassy plots was unaffected by the presence of an 8 cm trailing harmonic radar tag. However, plum curculios and western corn rootworms, were either unable to walk with a 4 cm trailing tag (plum curculio) or displayed a reduced ability to successfully cross a bare ground arena. Our results revealed the significant impact of vegetation on successful insect dispersal, whether tagged or not. The vertical movement of these insects on stems, stalks, and tubes was also unaffected by the presence of vertical tags. Trailing tags had a significant negative effect on the vertical movement of the western corn rootworm. Results show that harmonic radar technology is a suitable method for studying the walking paths of the three insects with appropriate tag type and size. The nuisance factor generated by appropriately sized tags was small relative to that of vegetation. C1 [Boiteau, G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. [Vincent, C.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. [Meloche, F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Leskey, T. C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Colpitts, B. G.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Boiteau, G (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, 850 Lincoln Rd,POB 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. EM gilles.boiteau@agr.gc.ca FU Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada FX We thank Pamela MacKinley, Peter McCarthy, Pierre Lemoyne, Starker Wright, Torri Hancock, and Matthew Taylor for technical assistance. This project was financed in part by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada NOI funds. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1603/EN10158 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723XW UT WOS:000287541700014 PM 22182617 ER PT J AU Cooper, WR Dillwith, JW Puterka, GJ AF Cooper, W. Rodney Dillwith, Jack W. Puterka, Gary J. TI Comparisons of Salivary Proteins From Five Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Russian wheat aphid; western wheat aphid; grass aphid; greenbug; pea aphid ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; MYZUS-PERSICAE; PEA APHID; PLANT; IDENTIFICATION; DEFENSE; GLANDS AB Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) saliva, when injected into host plants during feeding, causes physiological changes in hosts that facilitate aphid feeding and cause injury to plants. Comparing salivary constituents among aphid species could help identify which salivary products are universally important for general aphid feeding processes, which products are involved with specific host associations, or which products elicit visible injury to hosts. We compared the salivary proteins from five aphid species, namely, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), D. tritici (Gillette), D. mexicana (Baker), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). A 132-kDa protein band was detected from the saliva of all five species using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected from the saliva of all five species and may have a universal role in the feeding process of aphids. The Diuraphis species cause similar visible injury to grass hosts, and nine electrophoretic bands were unique to the saliva of these three species. S. graminum shares mutual hosts with the Diuraphis species, but visible injury to hosts caused by S. graminum feeding differs from that of Diuraphis feeding. Only two mutual electrophoretic bands were visualized in the saliva of Diuraphis and S. graminum. Ten unique products were detected from the saliva of A. pisum, which feeds on dicotyledonous hosts. Our comparisons of aphid salivary proteins revealed similarities among species which cause similar injury on mutual hosts, fewer similarities among species that cause different injury on mutual hosts, and little similarity among species which feed on unrelated hosts. C1 [Cooper, W. Rodney; Puterka, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Dillwith, Jack W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Cooper, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM rodney.cooper@ars.usda.gov RI Cooper, William/D-3205-2017 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1603/EN10153 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 723XW UT WOS:000287541700021 PM 22182624 ER PT J AU Volkova, VV Wills, RW Hubbard, SA Magee, D Byrd, JA Bailey, RH AF Volkova, V. V. Wills, R. W. Hubbard, S. A. Magee, D. Byrd, J. A. Bailey, R. H. TI Associations between vaccinations against protozoal and viral infections and Salmonella in broiler flocks SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Broiler; Eimeria; Salmonella; vaccination (immunization) ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; EIMERIA-TENELLA; CHICKEN FLOCKS; CONTAMINATION; TYPHIMURIUM; PREVALENCE; CAMPYLOBACTER; COLONIZATION AB Reducing the burden of Salmonella in broiler flocks presents a challenge for public health. Worldwide, grow-out broilers are routinely vaccinated to prevent or lessen clinical manifestation of other infections. In this exploratory analysis we tested if details of a routine vaccination programme delivered to conventional grow-out broilers were associated with the burden of Salmonella in the flock as it progressed through its production cycle. None of the flocks studied were vaccinated against Salmonella or received a competitive exclusion product. The flocks were reared on conventional grow-out farms in southeastern USA, and sampled in a prospective field observational study. We observed significant associations between the content and design of a grow-out vaccination programme targeting other infections and the probability of detecting Salmonella in the broiler flock at different time points throughout the production cycle. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first field report of such associations. C1 [Volkova, V. V.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Grp, Ashworth Labs, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wills, R. W.; Hubbard, S. A.; Magee, D.; Bailey, R. H.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Byrd, J. A.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX USA. RP Volkova, VV (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Grp, Ashworth Labs, R 138,Kings Bldg,W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Victoriya.Volkova@ed.ac.uk FU USDA NRICGP [32.1, 2002-02235] FX This pilot analysis was conducted within the project funded by the Epidemiological Approaches for Food Safety, USDA NRICGP 32.1, 2002-02235. We thank Mrs Terry Doler and Mrs Mary Ann Ballard for laboratory support and logistics of the field work. We also thank Dr Karen Dazo-Galarneau, Dr Michael Rybolt, Dr David Smith, Dr Tyler McAlpin and the many student workers for participating in collection and laboratory processing of the samples from broiler flocks. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 206 EP 215 DI 10.1017/S0950268810000804 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 703WU UT WOS:000286012800004 PM 20426884 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Fox, PS Foglia, TA AF Haas, Michael J. Fox, Pamela S. Foglia, Thomas A. TI Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of partial acylglycerols of acetoacetate SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enzymatic transesterification; Ethylacetoacetate; Glycerol; Lipase; Reactive acylglycerol ID METHYL ACETOACETATE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ESTERIFICATION; TRANSESTERIFICATION AB Immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme RMIM) was employed in the synthesis of partial acylglycerols of acetoacetate (C4H6O3, 3-oxobutanoic acid). Both 1(3)-sn-monoacetoacetyl glycerol (MAcG) and 1,3-sn-diacetoacetyl glycerol (DAcG) resulting from esterification of glycerol with ethylacetoacetate were isolated and identified by H-1 and C-13 NMR. An HPLC method for the separation and quantitation of these species was developed. The effects on product yield of coordinate variations in the amounts of enzyme, water, ethyl acetoacetate, and the ratio of immobilizing silica to glycerol were explored. This allowed creation of predictive equations relating these variables to product yield. Reaction conditions were thereby identified and validated under which maximum yields of MAcG and/or DAcG or total ester were predicted. The production of both MAcG and DAcG was markedly sensitive to water, with optimal yields obtained within a narrow range of added water contents. Substantial excesses of ethylacetoacetate ameliorated the inhibitory effect of water. MAcG was effectively produced with the lowest amount of RMIM investigated. It was necessary to use larger amounts of lipase to achieve high yields of DAcG, and even then actual yields were only 30% of theoretical maximum. In the absence of silica only MAcG was produced. C1 [Haas, Michael J.; Fox, Pamela S.; Foglia, Thomas A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM michael.haas@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 113 IS 2 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1002/ejlt.201000477 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 718YJ UT WOS:000287162200006 ER PT J AU Kannadhason, S Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Kannadhason, Sankaranandh Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Effect of Starch Sources and Protein Content on Extruded Aquaculture Feed Containing DDGS SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASABE/CSBE North-Central Intersectional Conference CY OCT 12-13, 2007 CL North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND HO North Dakota State Univ DE Aquaculture; DDGS; Protein; Physical properties; Single screw extruder; Starch ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER; EXTRUSION-COOKING; MOISTURE-CONTENT; WHEAT-STARCH; CORN STARCH; TEMPERATURE; VARIABLES; SPEED AB A 3 x 3 x 3 completely randomized design was used to investigate extrusion cooking behavior and product characteristics of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), protein levels, and various starch sources in a laboratory scale single screw extruder. Cassava, corn, and potato starches with varying levels of DDGS (20%, 30%, and 40% wet basis (wb)) were extruded with three different proportions of protein levels (28%, 30%, and 32% wb). The extrusion cooking was performed at a constant feed moisture content of 20% wb, barrel temperature of 120 A degrees C, and a preset screw speed of 130 rpm (13.6 rad/s). Extrudate properties such as expansion ratio, unit density, sinking velocity, color, water absorption and solubility indices, and pellet durability index were determined to judge the suitability for various fish species. For all three starch bases, increasing the DDGS levels resulted in a significant increase in sinking velocity, redness (a*), and blueness (b*) and showed a decrease in whiteness (L*). With the increase in DDGS and protein levels, a noticeable increase was observed for unit density and pellet durability indices for cassava and potato starch extrudates. The DDGS-based extrudates produced from cassava starch with lower proportions of DDGS (20%) and protein (28%) levels exhibited better expansion and floatability. Also, the extrudates produced from corn starch with higher levels of DDGS (40%) and protein (32%) levels were more durable and possessed sinking characteristics. Overall, cassava and corn starch with lower and higher levels of DDGS could be more appropriate for the production of floating and sinking aquaculture feeds, respectively. C1 [Kannadhason, Sankaranandh; Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Muthukumarappan, K (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM kas.muthukum@sdstate.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 282 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s11947-008-0177-4 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 755AY UT WOS:000289900200011 ER PT J AU Cai, SB Huang, C Ji, BP Zhou, F Wise, ML Zhang, D Yang, PY AF Cai, Shengbao Huang, Chen Ji, Baoping Zhou, Feng Wise, Mitchell L. Zhang, Di Yang, Peiying TI In vitro antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect, on oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis, of fractions and subfractions from oat (Avena sativa L.) ethanol extract SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Oat extract; HepG2 cells; Antioxidant; Inhibitory effect against oleic acid-induced; fatty liver; Triglyceride ID NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; HEPG2 CELLS; AVENANTHRAMIDES; STEATOHEPATITIS; SKIN AB Oats (Avena sativa L) were extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol and the extract was successively isolated by liquid-liquid partition to yield n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water layers. Among them, the ethyl acetate (EA) layer exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC), the strongest DPPH radical-scavenging activity and an inhibitory effect on an oleic acid-induced (OA-induced) fatty liver model in vitro. Thus, it was further fractionated by a Sephadex LH-20 column into three subtractions (SF1-SF3). SF3 was the most active subfraction in all the assays above, the yield being 1.70% of the dry weight of the EA fraction. The major components in SF3 were identified as avenanthramides Bc, Bp and Bf by HPLC analysis, with contents of about 5.20%, 9.19% and 8.06% of the dry weight of SF3, respectively. Also, the avenanthramides Bc, Bp and Bf all had significant inhibitory effects on oleic acid-induced (OA-induced) fatty liver. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cai, Shengbao; Huang, Chen; Ji, Baoping; Zhou, Feng; Zhang, Di; Yang, Peiying] China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wise, Mitchell L.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ji, BP (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM baopingji@gmail.com FU Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China FX The authors are grateful for financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China. The authors also thank Fang Tian, Ruisong Pei, Gang Jia and Liyang Xie for reading and improving this manuscript. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 3 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.017 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 670WS UT WOS:000283459700028 ER PT J AU Jordan, JS Gurtler, JB Marks, HM Jones, DR Shaw, WK AF Jordan, Johari S. Gurtler, Joshua B. Marks, Harry M. Jones, Deana R. Shaw, William K., Jr. TI A mathematical model of inactivation kinetics for a four-strain composite of Salmonella Enteritidis and Oranienburg in commercial liquid egg yolk SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Liquid egg; Pasteurization; Thermal inactivation kinetics; Mathematical modeling ID THERMAL-RESISTANCE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SURVIVAL CURVES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; WHOLE EGG; PRODUCTS; PASTEURIZATION AB The goal of this study was to develop a general model of inactivation of salmonellae in commercial liquid egg yolk for temperatures ranging from 58 degrees C to 66 C by studying the inactivation kinetics of Salmonella in liquid egg yolk. Heat-resistant salmonellae (three serovars of Enteritidis [two of phage type 8 and one PT 13] and one Oranienburg) were grown to stationary phase in Tryptic Soy Broth and concentrated 10-fold by centrifugation. Each inoculum was added to liquid egg yolk and mixed thoroughly, resulting in a final population of ca. 7 log CFU/ml egg yolk. Inoculated yolk was injected into sterile glass capillary tubes, flame-sealed and heated in a water bath at 58, 60, 62, 64, and 66 degrees C. Capillary tubes were ethanol sanitized, rinsed, and contents were extracted. Yolk was diluted, surface plated onto Tryptic Soy Agar + 0.1% sodium pyruvate and 50 mu g/ml nalidixic acid and incubated at 37 C for 24 h before colonies were enumerated. Decimal reduction values were calculated from survivor curves with a minimum inactivation of 6 log CFU/ml at each temperature. Survival curves (except for 66 degrees C) featured initial lag periods before first order linear inactivation. Estimated asymptotic D-values were 1.83 min at 58 degrees C, 0.69 min at 60 degrees C, 0.26 min at 62 degrees C, 0.096 min at 64 degrees C and 0.036 min at 66 C. The estimate of the asymptotic z-value was ca. 4.7 degrees C with standard error of 0.07 degrees C. A linear relationship between the logo of the lag times and temperature was observed. A general kinetic model of inactivation was developed. The results of the study provide information that can be used by processors to aid in producing safe pasteurized egg yolk products and for satisfying pasteurization performance standards and developing industry guidance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jordan, Johari S.; Gurtler, Joshua B.] ARS, USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Jordan, Johari S.] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE USA. [Marks, Harry M.; Shaw, William K., Jr.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Jones, Deana R.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Gurtler, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, Food Safety Inspection Service, Washington, D.C. FX This research was funded based on needs prioritized by the USDA, Food Safety Inspection Service, Washington, D.C. Author Jordan conducted experiments reported in this manuscript at the USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master's of Science at Delaware State University (DSU). The authors would like to thank Peggy Tomasula (ARS) and DSU Family and Consumer Science Department Head Samuel Besong for supporting author Jordan in participating in this collaborative DSU/AFS/FSIS collaborative research project. We would also like to express our appreciation to Nathan Bauer (FSIS), David Geveke (ARS), and Howard Zhang (ARS) for assisting in the FSIS proposal submission and approval process. We thank Keith Lampel (FDA) and Jayne Stratton (University of Nebraska) for providing the Salmonella strains used in this study and Samantha Bailey, Rebecca Rivera and Amanda Smelser for laboratory assistance. The authors would like to thank our internal reviewers, Lihan Huang and Shiowshuh Sheen, for proofreading this manuscript and providing helpful feedback. The liquid egg yolk used in this study provided by Michael Foods, Gaylord, MN was very much appreciated. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2010.08.008 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 692DH UT WOS:000285131200010 PM 21056777 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, Saumya TI Effect of salt and acidic pH on the stability of virulence plasmid (pYV) in Yersinia enterocolitica and expression of virulence-associated characteristics SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Y. enterocolitica; pYV stability; Salt; Acidic pH ID CRYSTAL VIOLET BINDING; BEARING CLONES; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; ASSAY; FOOD AB The stability of the Yersinia enterocolitica virulence plasmid (pYV) under different NaCl concentrations and under acidic pH conditions was investigated. Exposure of five strains representing five serotypes of pYV-bearing virulent Y. enterocolitica to 0.5, 2 and 5% NaCl and under conditions of pH 4, 5, and 6 for 24 h at 28 degrees C in the stationary phase did not lead to the loss of the virulent pYV from the surviving cells. At pH 3.0, the cells did not survive. Virulence assays using crystal violet binding, low-calcium response, Congo red-uptake, hydrophobicity by latex particle agglutination, and autoagglutination, as well as PCR assay to determine the presence of pYV indicated that the surviving cells were still virulent. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM saumya.bhaduri@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2010.10.001 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 692DH UT WOS:000285131200023 PM 21056790 ER PT J AU Wallis, C Eyles, A Chorbadjian, RA Riedl, K Schwartz, S Hansen, R Cipollini, D Herms, DA Bonello, P AF Wallis, C. Eyles, A. Chorbadjian, R. A. Riedl, K. Schwartz, S. Hansen, R. Cipollini, D. Herms, D. A. Bonello, P. TI Differential effects of nutrient availability on the secondary metabolism of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) phloem and resistance to Diplodia pinea SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED PINE; SPHAEROPSIS-SAPINEA; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; FOREST FERTILIZATION; BALANCE HYPOTHESIS; GROWTH; RESPONSES; FUNGAL; SYLVESTRIS; PATHOGEN AB P>Nutrient availability can modulate the incidence and severity of plant diseases. We examined the effects of fertility on (i) host resistance and (ii) secondary metabolite production in the Pinus nigra Arnold - Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx pathosystem. Following preconditioning of trees to one of three fertility levels for one growing season, phloem tissue of one branch was harvested for chemical analyses while another branch on the same whorl was inoculated with the fungus to assess resistance. Nutrient availability had concave and convex quadratic effects on concentrations of total monoterpenes and total phenolics respectively, but had no effect on fungal lesion lengths. Lesion lengths were negatively correlated with lignin, suggesting that this compound is an important factor in resistance. Counteracting effects of nutrient availability on phenolic and terpenoid pathways may explain why fertility had no effect on expression of disease resistance. C1 [Wallis, C.; Eyles, A.; Bonello, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chorbadjian, R. A.; Herms, D. A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Riedl, K.; Schwartz, S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hansen, R.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Cipollini, D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Wallis, C (reprint author), USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM christopher.wallis@ars.usda.gov RI Wallis, Christopher/E-6432-2011; Bonello, Pierluigi/E-2776-2011; Eyles, Alieta/B-7025-2012; Riedl, Ken/G-8621-2014; Chorbadjian, Rodrigo /O-2369-2014; OI Riedl, Ken/0000-0002-9020-3471; Schwartz, Steven/0000-0002-1427-5780 FU US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2004-35302-14667]; State and Federal funds FX We thank the following persons for technical assistance: Bryant Chambers, Alejandro Chiriboga, Ilka Gomez, Diane Hartzler, Anuprit Kaur, Matt Solensky, Duan Wang and Justin Whitehill. Container media and trees were generously donated by Kurtz Bros Inc. (Grove City, OH, USA) and Smith Evergreen Nursery Inc. (Magnolia, OH, USA) respectively. This work was funded in part by US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2004-35302-14667, and by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and The Ohio State University. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00636.x PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 715MI UT WOS:000286888200008 ER PT J AU Pataki, DE Carreiro, MM Cherrier, J Grulke, NE Jennings, V Pincetl, S Pouyat, RV Whitlow, TH Zipperer, WC AF Pataki, Diane E. Carreiro, Margaret M. Cherrier, Jennifer Grulke, Nancy E. Jennings, Viniece Pincetl, Stephanie Pouyat, Richard V. Whitlow, Thomas H. Zipperer, Wayne C. TI Coupling biogeochemical cycles in urban environments: ecosystem services, green solutions, and misconceptions SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CARBON STORAGE; COMMON RAGWEED; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-POLLUTION; SOIL-NITROGEN; INNER-CITY; ENERGY USE; TREES; ECOLOGY AB Urban green space is purported to offset greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, remove air and water pollutants, cool local climate, and improve public health. To use these services, municipalities have focused efforts on designing and implementing ecosystem-services-based "green infrastructure" in urban environments. In some cases the environmental benefits of this infrastructure have been well documented, but they are often unclear, unquantified, and/or outweighed by potential costs. Quantifying biogeochemical processes in urban green infrastructure can improve our understanding of urban ecosystem services and disservices (negative or unintended consequences) resulting from designed urban green spaces. Here we propose a framework to integrate biogeochemical processes into designing, implementing, and evaluating the net effectiveness of green infrastructure, and provide examples for GHG mitigation, stormwater runoff mitigation, and improvements in air quality and health. C1 [Pataki, Diane E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Pataki, Diane E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Carreiro, Margaret M.] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Cherrier, Jennifer] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Grulke, Nancy E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Jennings, Viniece; Zipperer, Wayne C.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Pincetl, Stephanie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Whitlow, Thomas H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Pataki, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM dpataki@uci.edu RI Pataki, Diane/F-9732-2011; Romero, Luz/E-7993-2012 FU US Forest Service, Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit [NE-4952]; US National Science Foundation [DEB 97-14835, DEB 99-75463, DEB 0423476, BCS 0948914, HSD 0624177]; Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland Baltimore County (NOAA) [NA06O AR4310243, NA07OAR4170518]; NOAA EPP Environmental Cooperative Science Center [NA06O AR4810164]; Florida Department of Environmental Protection Nonpoint Source Management Section [G0188, G0262] FX Funding support came from the US Forest Service, Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit (NE-4952); the US National Science Foundation (grants DEB 97-14835, DEB 99-75463, DEB 0423476, BCS 0948914, and HSD 0624177); the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland Baltimore County (NOAA grants NA06O AR4310243 and NA07OAR4170518); NOAA EPP Environmental Cooperative Science Center (grant NA06O AR4810164); and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Nonpoint Source Management Section (grants G0188 and G0262). We thank the organizers of the Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles sessions at the 2009 ESA Annual Meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for initiating the discussions that led to this paper. NR 84 TC 185 Z9 198 U1 45 U2 319 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1890/090220 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714XQ UT WOS:000286845400005 ER PT J AU Wicklow, DT Rogers, KD Dowd, PF Gloer, JB AF Wicklow, Donald T. Rogers, Kristina D. Dowd, Patrick F. Gloer, James B. TI Bioactive metabolites from Stenocarpella maydis, a stalk and ear rot pathogen of maize SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE (all-E)-trideca-4,6,10,12-tetraene-2,8-diol; Antiinsectan; Chaetoglobosin K; Diplodiatoxin; Diplodiosis ID DIPLODIA-MAYDIS; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; CHAETOGLOBOSIN-K; MACROSPORA; CORN; TOXICITY; CULTURES; CYTOCHALASINS; INOCULATION AB Stenocarpella maydis is a fungal pathogen of major importance that causes a dry-rot of maize ears and is associated with a neuromycotoxicosis in cattle grazing harvested maize fields in southern Africa and Argentina. In an effort to investigate the potential roles of S. maydis metabolites in the fungal disease cycle, ethyl acetate extracts of solid-substrate fermentations of several S. maydis isolates from maize grown in the United States were found to exhibit significant phytotoxic, antifungal, and antiinsectan activity. Chemical investigations of extracts of S. maydis isolates from Illinois and Nebraska led to the isolation or detection of the known metabolites diplodiatoxin, chaetoglobosins K and L, and (all-E)-trideca-4,6,10,12-tetraene-2,8-diol as major components. A culture of Stenocarpella macrospora from maize grown in Zambia produced diplosporin and chaetoglobosins K and L as major components that were isolated. Diplodiatoxin produced significant lesions in a maize leaf puncture wound assay. Diplosporin and chaetoglobosin K displayed moderate antiinsectan activity in dietary assays against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, while chaetoglobosin K exhibited significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. Using LC-ESIMS and H-1 NMR data, diplodiatoxin was detected as a major component in S. maydis-rotted grain, stalks, and stalk residues. This constitutes the first report of chaetoglobosins K and L from S. maydis, of (all-E)-trideca-4,6,10,12-tetraene-2,8-diol from Stenocarpella, and the first reported detection of diplodiatoxin, or any other Stenocarpella metabolite, in diseased maize seeds and stalk tissues. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Wicklow, Donald T.; Dowd, Patrick F.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rogers, Kristina D.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Wicklow, DT (reprint author), ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM donald.wicklow@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [CHE 0718315] FX We thank R. Kemper and J. Brown for their capable laboratory assistance. Support for this work from the National Science Foundation (CHE 0718315) is gratefully acknowledged. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture or the National Science Foundation. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.11.003 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 734AU UT WOS:000288306400005 PM 21315311 ER PT J AU Spies, CFJ Mazzola, M Botha, WJ Van der Rijst, M Mostert, L Mcleod, A AF Spies, Christoffel F. J. Mazzola, Mark Botha, Wilhelm J. Van der Rijst, Marieta Mostert, Lizel Mcleod, Adele TI Oogonial biometry and phylogenetic analyses of the Pythium vexans species group from woody agricultural hosts in South Africa reveal distinct groups within this taxon SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cox I; cox II; ITS; Oogonial biometry; Pythium vexans; Phytopythium vexans; beta-tubulin; Taxonomy ID CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-II; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; GENE; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; OOSPORES; REGION; RDNA AB Pythium vexans fits into the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) clade K sensu Levesque & De Cock (2004). Within clade K, P. vexans forms a distinct clade containing two enigmatic species, Pythium indigoferae and Pythium cucurbitacearum of which no ex-type strains are available. In South Africa, as well as in other regions of the world, P. vexans isolates are known to be heterogeneous in their ITS sequences and may consist of more than one species. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of South African P. vexans isolates, mainly from grapevines, but also citrus and apple using (i) phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, cytochrome c oxidase (cox) I, cox II, and beta-tubulin regions and (ii) seven biometric oogonial parameters. Each of the phylogenies clustered P. vexans isolates into a single well-supported clade, distinct from other clade K species. The beta-tubulin region was phylogenetically uninformative regarding the P. vexans group. The ITS phylogeny and combined cox I and II phylogenies, although each revealing several P. vexans subclades, were incongruent. One of the most striking incongruences was the presence of one cox subclade that contained two distinct ITS subclades (Ib and IV). Three groups (A C) were subjectively identified among South African P. vexans isolates using (i) phylogenetic clades (ITS and cox), (ii) univariate analysis of oogonial diameters, and (iii) multivariate analyses of biometric oogonial parameters. Group A is considered to be P. vexans s. str. since it contained the P. vexans CBS reference strain from Van der Plaats-Niterink (1981). This group had significantly smaller oogonial diameters than group B and C isolates. Group B contained the isolates from ITS subclades Ib and IV, which formed a single cox subclade. The ITS subclade IV isolates were all sexually sterile or produced mainly abortive oospores, as opposed to the sexually fertile subclade Ib isolates, and may thus represent a distinct assemblage within group B. Although ITS subclade Ib included the P. indigoferae ex-type sequence, this group was considered to be P. vexans since South African isolates in this clade produced globose sporangia. Group C contained four apple isolates that were related to, but distinct from P. cucurbitacearum. Although P. vexans groups A C might be distinct species, they are not described here as such due to (i) these groups only representing some of the known diversity in P. vexans, (ii) conflicting gene tree phylogenies preventing phylogenetic species identification, and (iii) sexually sterile isolates preventing the broad application of biometrical data. (C) 2010 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spies, Christoffel F. J.; Mostert, Lizel; Mcleod, Adele] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Botha, Wilhelm J.] ARC PPRI, ZA-0121 Pretoria, South Africa. [Van der Rijst, Marieta] ARC Biometry Unit, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Mcleod, A (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. EM cspies@sun.ac.za; Mark.Mazzola@ars.usda.gov; bothaw@arc.agric.za; vanderrijstm@arc.agric.za; lmost@sun.ac.za; adelem@sun.ac.za RI McLeod, Adele/D-4025-2012 OI McLeod, Adele/0000-0002-1807-9154 FU National Research Foundation(NRF) of South Africa; South African Apple and Pear Producers' Association; Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP); Winetech FX The authors would like to extend their gratitude to Yared Tewoldemedhin and Julia Meitz (University of Stellenbosch, Department of Plant Pathology) for providing P. vexans isolates from apple and citrus orchards and the following institutes for financial support: the Thuthuka program of the National Research Foundation(NRF) of South Africa, the South African Apple and Pear Producers' Association, the Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP), and Winetech. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.11.005 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 734AU UT WOS:000288306400007 PM 21315313 ER PT J AU Zhao, Q Weber, AL McMullen, MD Guill, K Doebley, J AF Zhao, Qiong Weber, Allison L. McMullen, Michael D. Guill, Katherine Doebley, John TI MADS-box genes of maize: frequent targets of selection during domestication SO GENETICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR POPULATION-GENETICS; FLORAL ORGAN IDENTITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; RECOMBINATION RATES; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; DNA POLYMORPHISM; DOMAIN PROTEINS; EVOLUTION; PLANTS AB MADS-box genes encode transcription factors that are key regulators of plant inflorescence and flower development. We examined DNA sequence variation in 32 maize MADS-box genes and 32 randomly chosen maize loci and investigated their involvement in maize domestication and improvement. Using neutrality tests and a test based on coalescent simulation of a bottleneck model, we identified eight MADS-box genes as putative targets of the artificial selection associated with domestication. According to neutrality tests, one additional MADS-box gene appears to have been under selection during modern agricultural improvement of maize. For random loci, two genes were indicated as targets of selection during domestication and four additional genes were indicated to be candidate-selected loci for maize improvement. These results suggest that MADS-box genes were more frequent targets of selection during domestication than genes chosen at random from the genome. C1 [Zhao, Qiong; Weber, Allison L.; Doebley, John] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.; Guill, Katherine] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.; Guill, Katherine] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Weber, AL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Thomas Hall 3555,Box 7614,NCSU Campus, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alweber@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, DBI-0820619]; National Institutes of Health [GM-58816]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [WIS04772]; USDA-ARS FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation grants DBI-0321467 and DBI-0820619, National Institutes of Health grant GM-58816, U.S. Department of Agriculture Hatch grant WIS04772 and research funds provided by the USDA-ARS to M.D.M. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 93 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1017/S0016672310000509 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 758QB UT WOS:000290178700006 PM 21144126 ER PT J AU Luo, YQ Melillo, J Niu, SL Beier, C Clark, JS Classen, AT Davidson, E Dukes, JS Evans, RD Field, CB Czimczik, CI Keller, M Kimball, BA Kueppers, LM Norby, RJ Pelini, SL Pendall, E Rastetter, E Six, J Smith, M Tjoelker, MG Torn, MS AF Luo, Yiqi Melillo, Jerry Niu, Shuli Beier, Claus Clark, James S. Classen, Aimee T. Davidson, Eric Dukes, Jeffrey S. Evans, R. Dave Field, Christopher B. Czimczik, Claudia I. Keller, Michael Kimball, Bruce A. Kueppers, Lara M. Norby, Richard J. Pelini, Shannon L. Pendall, Elise Rastetter, Edward Six, Johan Smith, Melinda Tjoelker, Mark G. Torn, Margaret S. TI Coordinated approaches to quantify long-term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; data assimilation; earth system; experimentation; global change; process study; terrestrial ecosystems ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-STORAGE; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; AMAZON FOREST; RISING CO2 AB Many serious ecosystem consequences of climate change will take decades or even centuries to emerge. Long-term ecological responses to global change are strongly regulated by slow processes, such as changes in species composition, carbon dynamics in soil and by long-lived plants, and accumulation of nutrient capitals. Understanding and predicting these processes require experiments on decadal time scales. But decadal experiments by themselves may not be adequate because many of the slow processes have characteristic time scales much longer than experiments can be maintained. This article promotes a coordinated approach that combines long-term, large-scale global change experiments with process studies and modeling. Long-term global change manipulative experiments, especially in high-priority ecosystems such as tropical forests and high-latitude regions, are essential to maximize information gain concerning future states of the earth system. The long-term experiments should be conducted in tandem with complementary process studies, such as those using model ecosystems, species replacements, laboratory incubations, isotope tracers, and greenhouse facilities. Models are essential to assimilate data from long-term experiments and process studies together with information from long-term observations, surveys, and space-for-time studies along environmental and biological gradients. Future research programs with coordinated long-term experiments, process studies, and modeling have the potential to be the most effective strategy to gain the best information on long-term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change. C1 [Luo, Yiqi; Niu, Shuli] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Melillo, Jerry; Rastetter, Edward] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Beier, Claus] Tech Univ Denmark DTU, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Biosyst Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Classen, Aimee T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Davidson, Eric] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Evans, R. Dave] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Field, Christopher B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Czimczik, Claudia I.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Keller, Michael] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kimball, Bruce A.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85018 USA. [Kueppers, Lara M.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pelini, Shannon L.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Six, Johan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, Melinda] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Tjoelker, Mark G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luo, YQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM yluo@ou.edu RI li, wenchao/S-5567-2016; Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Niu, Shuli/E-7550-2011; Kueppers, Lara/M-8323-2013; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; Clark, James/G-6331-2011; Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Beier, Claus/E-6288-2013; Tjoelker, Mark/M-2413-2016; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Rastetter, Edward/0000-0002-8620-5431; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Kueppers, Lara/0000-0002-8134-3579; Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Tjoelker, Mark/0000-0003-4607-5238; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 FU DOE through Oak Ridge for Science and Education; NSF [EF 0938795, DBI 0850290, DEB 0840964, DEB 0743778]; Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy [DE-FG02-006ER64319]; Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University [DE-FC02-06ER64158]; CLIMAITE project FX We thank Ding Guo for his help with references. The work was financially supported by DOE through Oak Ridge for Science and Education and NSF EF 0938795. The preparation of the manuscript by Y. L. and S. N. was also financially supported by NSF DBI 0850290, DEB 0840964, DEB 0743778; by the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy, Grant No.: DE-FG02-006ER64319 and through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University, under Award Number DE-FC02-06ER64158. The participation of C. B. was financially supported by the CLIMAITE project. NR 76 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 10 U2 158 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 843 EP 854 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02265.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702ES UT WOS:000285878000015 ER PT J AU Dragoni, D Schmid, HP Wayson, CA Potter, H Grimmond, CSB Randolph, JC AF Dragoni, Danilo Schmid, Hans Peter Wayson, Craig A. Potter, Henry Grimmond, C. Susan B. Randolph, James C. TI Evidence of increased net ecosystem productivity associated with a longer vegetated season in a deciduous forest in south-central Indiana, USA SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; climate change; eddy-covariance; leaf senescence; phenology ID SATELLITE SENSOR DATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRING PHENOLOGY; PLANT PHENOLOGY; HARDWOOD FOREST; TIME-SERIES; EXCHANGE; CO2; VARIABILITY AB Observations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon and its biophysical drivers have been collected at the AmeriFlux site in the Morgan-Monroe State Forest (MMSF) in Indiana, USA since 1998. Thus, this is one of the few deciduous forest sites in the world, where a decadal analysis on net ecosystem productivity (NEP) trends is possible. Despite the large interannual variability in NEP, the observations show a significant increase in forest productivity over the past 10 years (by an annual increment of about 10 g C m-2 yr-1). There is evidence that this trend can be explained by longer vegetative seasons, caused by extension of the vegetative activity in the fall. Both phenological and flux observations indicate that the vegetative season extended later in the fall with an increase in length of about 3 days yr-1 for the past 10 years. However, these changes are responsible for only 50% of the total annual gain in forest productivity in the past decade. A negative trend in air and soil temperature during the winter months may explain an equivalent increase in NEP through a decrease in ecosystem respiration. C1 [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] KIT, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Wayson, Craig A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Potter, Henry] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Grimmond, C. Susan B.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Randolph, James C.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Dragoni, D (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Multi Sci Bldg 2,310,702 N Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM ddragoni@indiana.edu RI Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Grimmond, Sue/A-2179-2009 OI Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Potter, Henry/0000-0003-0142-107X; Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC); National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR); Terrestrial Carbon Program (TCP); MMSF Property Management FX Primary funding for this research was provided by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR), and the Terrestrial Carbon Program (TCP). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. Access to the MMSF AmeriFlux site is provided by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry. The support and understanding of the MMSF Property Management is very much appreciated. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Scott Robeson (Indiana University) to the data analysis and interpretation, Steve Scott and the MMSF Field Crew to the operation and maintenance of the MMSF Flux Tower Facility. NR 54 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 886 EP 897 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02281.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702ES UT WOS:000285878000018 ER PT J AU Kleber, M Nico, PS Plante, AF Filley, T Kramer, M Swanston, C Sollins, P AF Kleber, Markus Nico, Peter S. Plante, Alain F. Filley, Timothy Kramer, Marc Swanston, Christopher Sollins, Phillip TI Old and stable soil organic matter is not necessarily chemically recalcitrant: implications for modeling concepts and temperature sensitivity SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density fractions; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS); radiocarbon; recalcitrance; scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM); soil organic matter; stable isotopes; turnover time ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CARBON DYNAMICS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STABILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; TURNOVER; LIGNIN AB Soil carbon turnover models generally divide soil carbon into pools with varying intrinsic decomposition rates. Although these decomposition rates are modified by factors such as temperature, texture, and moisture, they are rationalized by assuming chemical structure is a primary controller of decomposition. In the current work, we use near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and alkaline cupric oxide (CuO) oxidation to explore this assumption. Specifically, we examined material from the 2.3-2.6 kg L-1 density fraction of three soils of different type (Oxisol, Alfisol, Inceptisol). The density fraction with the youngest 14C age (Oxisol, 107 years) showed the highest relative abundance of aromatic groups and the lowest O-alkyl C/aromatic C ratio as determined by NEXAFS. Conversely, the fraction with the oldest C (Inceptisol, 680 years) had the lowest relative abundance of aromatic groups and highest O-alkyl C/aromatic C ratio. This sample also had the highest proportion of thermally labile materials as measured by DSC, and the highest ratio of substituted fatty acids to lignin phenols as indicated by CuO oxidation. Therefore, the organic matter of the Inceptisol sample, with a 14C age associated with 'passive' pools of carbon (680 years), had the largest proportion of easily metabolizable organic molecules with low thermodynamic stability, whereas the organic matter of the much younger Oxisol sample (107 years) had the highest proportion of supposedly stable organic structures considered more difficult to metabolize. Our results demonstrate that C age is not necessarily related to molecular structure or thermodynamic stability, and we suggest that soil carbon models would benefit from viewing turnover rate as codetermined by the interaction between substrates, microbial actors, and abiotic driving variables. Furthermore, assuming that old carbon is composed of complex or 'recalcitrant' compounds will erroneously attribute a greater temperature sensitivity to those materials than they may actually possess. C1 [Kleber, Markus] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nico, Peter S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plante, Alain F.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Filley, Timothy] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kramer, Marc] Univ Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Swanston, Christopher] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Houghton, MI USA. [Sollins, Phillip] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kleber, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM markus.kleber@oregonstate.edu RI Plante, Alain/C-3498-2008; Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Plante, Alain/0000-0003-0124-6187; Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 FU Oregon State University, Department of Crop and Soil Science; Subsurface Biosphere Initiative; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; USDA [CSREES 2005-35107-16336, NRICGP 2002-35107-12249]; NSF [DEB-0515846] FX This work was supported by Oregon State University, Department of Crop and Soil Science and Subsurface Biosphere Initiative start-up funds to M. Kleber and by support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division to P. Nico under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Access to beamlines 11.0.2 and 5.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, was provided by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences, and Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, Funding for the parent study came from USDA CSREES 2005-35107-16336 and NSF DEB-0515846 to P. Sollins and from USDA NRICGP 2002-35107-12249 to K. Lajtha. We would also like to thank the reviewers whose comments have helped to improve the manuscript. NR 67 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 22 U2 189 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1097 EP 1107 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02278.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702ES UT WOS:000285878000034 ER PT J AU Farley, KA Tague, C Grant, GE AF Farley, Kathleen A. Tague, Christina Grant, Gordon E. TI Vulnerability of water supply from the Oregon Cascades to changing climate: Linking science to users and policy SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability; Water; Streamflow; Climate change; Adaptation; McKenzie River ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; OKANAGAN BASIN; ADAPTATION; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES AB Despite improvements in understanding biophysical response to climate change, a better understanding of how such changes will affect societies is still needed. We evaluated effects of climate change on the coupled human-environmental system of the McKenzie River watershed in the Oregon Cascades in order to assess its vulnerability. Published empirical and modeling results indicate that climate change will alter both the timing and quantity of streamflow, but understanding how these changes will impact different water users is essential to facilitate adaptation to changing conditions. In order to better understand the vulnerability of four water use sectors to changing streamflow, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with representatives of each sector, in which we presented projected changes in streamflow and asked respondents to assess how changing water availability would impact their activities. In the McKenzie River watershed, there are distinct spatial and temporal patterns associated with sensitivity of water resources to climate change. This research illustrates that the implications of changing streamflow vary substantially among different water users, with vulnerabilities being determined in part by the spatial scale and timing of water use and the flexibility of those uses in time and space. Furthermore, institutions within some sectors were found to be better positioned to effectively respond to changes in water resources associated with climate change, while others have substantial barriers to the flexibility needed to manage for new conditions. A clearer understanding of these opportunities and constraints across water use sectors can provide a basis for improving response capacity and potentially reducing vulnerability to changing water resources in the region. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farley, Kathleen A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Tague, Christina] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Grant, Gordon E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grant, Gordon E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Farley, KA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM kfarley@mail.sdsu.edu; ctague@bren.ucsb.edu; gordon.grant@orst.edu FU San Diego State University; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We are grateful to all those who contributed their time and insights to this research, including Chris Allen, Dave Bickford, Bruce Duffe, Ken Helfrich, Dave Kretzing, Loren Leighton, Karl Morgenstern, Steve Newcomb, Alan Olander, Matt Rea, Peter Ruffier, Paul Scheerer, Larry Six, Stan Steele, Brad Taylor, Greg Taylor, Seshu Vaddey, and Jeff Ziller. Without them, this work could not have been completed. We also thank David Hulse and Ernie Niemi for their time and input. We are grateful to Barry Smit for extremely helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper, as well as the anonymous reviewers from whom we received many valuable suggestions for improvement, and to Sarah Lewis for assistance. Funding was provided by San Diego State University's University Grant Program and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.011 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 806ME UT WOS:000293811200014 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Sarasan, V Kane, M Bunn, E Pence, VC AF Reed, Barbara M. Sarasan, Viswambharan Kane, Michael Bunn, Eric Pence, Valerie C. TI Biodiversity conservation and conservation biotechnology tools SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Global biodiversity hotspots; Conservation; Cryopreservation; Micropropagation AB This special issue is dedicated to the in vitro tools and methods used to conserve the genetic diversity of rare and threatened plant species from around the world. Species that are on the brink of extinction because of the rapid loss of genetic diversity and habitat come mainly from resource-poor areas of the world and from global biodiversity hotspots and island countries. These species are unique because they are endemic, and only a few small populations or sometimes only a few individuals remain in the wild. Therefore, the challenges to support conservation by in vitro measures are many and varied. The editors of this invited issue solicited papers from experts from Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, and North and South America. This compilation of articles describes the efforts in these diverse regions toward saving plants from extinction, and details the direct application of in vitro and cryopreservation methods. In addition, these contributions provide guidance on propagation of rare plants, including techniques for large-scale propagation, storage, and reintroduction. The in vitro techniques for conserving plant biodiversity include shoot apical or axillary-meristem-based micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, cell culture technologies and embryo rescue techniques, as well as a range of in vitro cold storage and cryopreservation protocols, and they are discussed in depth in this issue. C1 [Reed, Barbara M.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Sarasan, Viswambharan] Royal Bot Gardens, Jodrell Lab, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Kane, Michael] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bunn, Eric] Bot Gardens & Pk Author, Perth, WA 6005, Australia. [Bunn, Eric] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Pence, Valerie C.] Cincinnati Zoo & Bot Garden, Ctr Conservat & Res Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov; v.sarasan@kew.org OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s11627-010-9337-0 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 767HI UT WOS:000290845500001 ER PT J AU Pijut, PM Lawson, SS Michler, CH AF Pijut, Paula M. Lawson, Shaneka S. Michler, Charles H. TI Biotechnological efforts for preserving and enhancing temperate hardwood tree biodiversity, health, and productivity SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Biochemical markers; Conservation; Cryopreservation; Deciduous trees; Forest genetics; Micropropagation; Molecular markers; Regeneration; Somatic embryogenesis; Temperate trees ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; QUERCUS-RUBRA L.; CHESTNUT CASTANEA-DENTATA; FRAXINUS-EXCELSIOR-L.; FAGUS-SYLVATICA L.; JUGLANS-REGIA L.; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION; CHERRY PRUNUS-SEROTINA AB Hardwood tree species in forest, plantation, and urban environments (temperate regions of the world) are important biological resources that play a significant role in the economy and the ecology of terrestrial ecosystems, and they have aesthetic and spiritual value. Because of these many values of hardwood tree species, preserving forest tree biodiversity through the use of biotechnological approaches should be an integral component in any forestry program in addition to large-scale ecologically sustainable forest management and preservation of the urban forest environment. Biotechnological tools are available for conserving tree species as well as genetic characterization that will be needed for deployment of germplasm through restoration activities. This review concentrates on the biotechnological tools available for conserving, characterizing, evaluating, and enhancing hardwood forest tree biodiversity. We focus mainly on species grown for lumber and wood products, not species grown mainly for fiber (pulp and paper production). We also present a brief summary of the importance of non-wood forest products from temperate hardwood tree species (a research area that needs further development using biotechnological techniques) and a few case studies for preserving forest tree biodiversity. C1 [Pijut, Paula M.; Michler, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lawson, Shaneka S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr HTIRC, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@fs.fed.us RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 307 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 SI SI BP 123 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s11627-010-9332-5 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 767HI UT WOS:000290845500012 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Kroemer, JA Sumerford, DV Hellmich, RL AF Coates, B. S. Kroemer, J. A. Sumerford, D. V. Hellmich, R. L. TI A novel class of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) that contain hitchhiking (GTCY)(n) microsatellites SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transposons; repetitive element; PCR competition ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; GENOME EVOLUTION; MOBILE ELEMENTS; P-ELEMENT; DNA; FAMILY; GENES AB The movement of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) modifies genome structure and function. We describe the microsatellite-associated interspersed nuclear element 2 (MINE-2), that integrates at consensus WTTTT target sites, creates dinucleotide TT target site duplications (TSDs), and forms predicted MITE-like secondary structures; a 5' subterminal inverted repeat (SIR; AGGGTTCCGTAG) that is partially complementary to a 5' inverted repeat (IR; ACGAAGCCCT) and 3'-SIRs (TTACGGAACCCT). A (GTCY)(n) microsatellite is hitchhiking downstream of conserved 5' MINE-2 secondary structures, causing flanking sequence similarity amongst mobile microsatellite loci. Transfection of insect cell lines indicates that MITE-like secondary structures are sufficient to mediate genome integration, and provides insight into the transposition mechanism used by MINE-2s. C1 [Coates, B. S.; Kroemer, J. A.; Sumerford, D. V.; Hellmich, R. L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sumerford, D. V.; Hellmich, R. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Genet Lab 113, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM brad.coates@ars.udsa.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service [3543]; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames [3543]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS); CRIS [016] FX This research is a joint contribution from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service and the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames (project 3543). This article reports the results of research only. Mention of proprietary products does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA, or Iowa State University for its use. This work was supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), CRIS project 016. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01046.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 703RM UT WOS:000285999000002 PM 20977507 ER PT J AU Kim, BY Brown, R Labeda, DP Goodfellow, M AF Kim, Byung-Yong Brown, Roselyn Labeda, David P. Goodfellow, Michael TI Reclassification of 'Dactylosporangium variesporum' as Saccharothrix variisporea corrig. (ex Tomita et al. 1977) sp. nov., nom. rev. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOLATE TEST; GENUS; SOIL; EXTRACTION; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES AB In the course of a polyphasic study it was observed that 'Dactylosporangium variesporum' NRRL B-16296 is misclassified in the genus Dactylosporangium as it exhibits properties consistent with its assignment to the genus Saccharothrix. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences show that the strain falls within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Saccharothrix, a result which is supported by corresponding chemotaxonomic and morphological markers. The strain is phylogenetically most closely, albeit loosely, related to Saccharothrix espanaensis, but can be readily distinguished from this and other species of the genus Saccharothrix with validly described names by using a range of phenotypic properties. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data demonstrate conclusively that this strain should be classified as a new species in the genus Saccharothrix for which the name Saccharothrix variisporea sp. nov. is propoed. The type strain is NRRL B-16296(T) (=ATCC 31203(T) =DSM 43911(T) =JCM 3273(T) =NBRC 14104(T)). C1 [Kim, Byung-Yong; Brown, Roselyn; Goodfellow, Michael] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Labeda, David P.] USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Goodfellow, M (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM m.goodfellow@ncl.ac.uk NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 61 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.021857-0 PN 2 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 736DS UT WOS:000288471300016 PM 20305067 ER PT J AU Rehfuss, MYM Parker, CT Brandl, MT AF Rehfuss, Marc Yi Ming Parker, Craig Thomas Brandl, Maria Theresa TI Salmonella transcriptional signature in Tetrahymena phagosomes and role of acid tolerance in passage through the protist SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE enteric pathogen; grazing; human pathogen; protozoa; resistance; vacuole ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; BACTERIAL SENSOR KINASE; MGTC VIRULENCE FACTOR; SYSTEM PHOP-PHOQ; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; METHYL VIOLOGEN; PROTOZOA; INFECTION AB Salmonella enterica Typhimurium remains undigested in the food vacuoles of the common protist, Tetrahymena. Contrary to its interaction with Acanthamoeba spp., S. Typhimurium is not cytotoxic to Tetrahymena and is egested as viable cells in its fecal pellets. Through microarray gene expression profiling we investigated the factors in S. Typhimurium that are involved in its resistance to digestion by Tetrahymena. The transcriptome of S. Typhimurium in Tetrahymena phagosomes showed that 989 and 1282 genes were altered in expression compared with that in water and in LB culture medium, respectively. A great proportion of the upregulated genes have a role in anaerobic metabolism and the use of alternate electron acceptors. Many genes required for survival and replication within macrophages and human epithelial cells also had increased expression in Tetrahymena, including mgtC, one of the most highly induced genes in all three cells types. A Delta mgtC mutant of S. Typhimurium did not show decreased viability in Tetrahymena, but paradoxically, was egested at a higher cell density than the wild type. The expression of adiA and adiY, which are involved in arginine-dependent acid resistance, also was increased in the protozoan phagosome. A Delta adiAY mutant had lower viability after passage through Tetrahymena, and a higher proportion of S. Typhimurium wild-type cells within pellets remained viable after exposure to pH 3.4 as compared with uningested cells. Our results provide evidence that acid resistance has a role in the resistance of Salmonella to digestion by Tetrahymena and that passage through the protist confers physiological advantages relevant to its contamination cycle. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 262-273; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.128; published online 5 August 2010 C1 [Rehfuss, Marc Yi Ming; Parker, Craig Thomas; Brandl, Maria Theresa] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandl, MT (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maria.brandl@ars.usda.gov FU CSREES-NRI [2007-03116]; USDA ARS CRIS [5325-42000-044-00D, 5325-42000-045-00D] FX We thank Steven Huynh for technical assistance. This work was supported by CSREES-NRI Grant 2007-03116 and by funds from USDA ARS CRIS projects 5325-42000-044-00D and 5325-42000-045-00D. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.128 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 756NS UT WOS:000290020000011 PM 20686510 ER PT J AU Hughes, SR Moser, BR Harmsen, AJ Bischoff, KM Jones, MA Pinkelman, R Bang, SS Tasaki, K Doll, KM Qureshi, N Saha, BC Liu, SQ Jackson, JS Robinson, S Cotta, MC Rich, JO Caimi, P AF Hughes, Stephen R. Moser, Bryan R. Harmsen, Amanda J. Bischoff, Kenneth M. Jones, Marjorie A. Pinkelman, Rebecca Bang, Sookie S. Tasaki, Ken Doll, Kenneth M. Qureshi, Nasib Saha, Badal C. Liu, Siqing Jackson, John S. Robinson, Samantha Cotta, Michael C. Rich, Joseph O. Caimi, Paolo TI Production of Candida antarctica Lipase B Gene Open Reading Frame Using Automated PCR Gene Assembly Protocol on Robotic Workcell and Expression in an Ethanologenic Yeast for Use as Resin-Bound Biocatalyst in Biodiesel Production SO JALA LA English DT Article DE Candida antarcita lipase B; transesterification; biodisel; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; one-step-changing resin; resin-supported biocatalyst ID FUEL; IMMOBILIZATION; STABILIZATION; SEPABEADS; STRAINS; SUPPORT; ENZYMES; BINDING; ESTERS; COLI AB A synthetic Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) gene open reading frame (ORE) for expression in yeast was constructed, and the lycotoxin-I (Lyt-I) C3 variant gene ORE, potentially to improve the availability of the active enzyme at the surface of the yeast cell, was added in frame with the CALB ORE using an automated PCR assembly and DNA purification protocol on an integrated robotic workcell. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing CALB protein or CALB Lyt-I fusion protein were first grown on 2% (w/v) glucose, producing 9.3 g/L ethanol during fermentation. The carbon source was switched to galactose for GALI-driven expression, and the CALB and CALB Lyt-1 enzymes expressed were tested for fatty acid ethyl ester (biodiesel) production. The synthetic enzymes catalyzed the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters from ethanol and either corn or soybean oil. It was further demonstrated that a one-step-charging resin, specifically selected for binding to lipase, was capable of covalent attachment of the CALB Lyt-1 enzyme, and that the resin-bound enzyme catalyzed the production of biodiesel. High-level expression of lipase in an ethanologenic yeast strain has the potential to increase the profitability of an integrated biorefinery by combining bioethanol production with coproduction of a low-cost biocatalyst that converts corn oil to biodiesel. (JALA 201 1; I 6:17-37) C1 [Hughes, Stephen R.; Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Liu, Siqing; Jackson, John S.; Rich, Joseph O.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hughes, Stephen R.; Doll, Kenneth M.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Harmsen, Amanda J.; Jones, Marjorie A.; Robinson, Samantha] Illinois State Univ, Dept Chem, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Harmsen, Amanda J.; Tasaki, Ken] Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Res & Innovat, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Pinkelman, Rebecca; Bang, Sookie S.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD USA. [Qureshi, Nasib; Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael C.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Caimi, Paolo] Resindion Srl, Binasco, MI, Italy. RP Hughes, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Stephen.Hughes@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS-Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Nonfunded Cooperative Agreement [3620-41000-121-07] FX We thank Karen Hughes for critical reading and formatting of the manuscript. We also thank Nathane Orwig for performing the sequencing work. We acknowledge the support of USDA ARS-Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Nonfunded Cooperative Agreement, Project Number 3620-41000-121-07. We thank Drs. Moreno Daminati and Paolo Caimi of Resindion S.r.l., Milan, Italy, for providing Sepabeads EC-EP, EXE077, and EXE078, and for technical assistance. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1535-5535 J9 JALA-J LAB AUTOM JI JALA PD FEB PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 BP 17 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2010.04.002 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 709OB UT WOS:000286448900004 PM 21609683 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Morgan, JA Fay, PA AF Polley, H. W. Morgan, J. A. Fay, P. A. TI Application of a conceptual framework to interpret variability in rangeland responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; ALTERS SPECIES COMPOSITION; PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; VOSTOK ICE-CORE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND; WATER-USE; NITROGEN LIMITATION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION AB Plant productivity and other ecosystem processes vary widely in their responses to experimental increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. A conceptual framework first suggested by Chapin et al. (1996) was adapted to address the question of why CO2 effects on primary productivity vary so greatly among rangelands and among years for a given ecosystem. The 'interactive controls' framework is based on the premise that the influence of elevated CO2 on productivity is governed by a set of internal variables that interact dynamically with ecosystem processes. These interactive controls, which include regional climate, soil resource supply, major functional groups of organisms and disturbance regimes, both regulate CO2 effects on ecosystems and respond to CO2 effects. Changes in interactive controls resulting from CO2 enrichment may feed back to dampen or amplify ecosystem responses to CO2. Most feedbacks from interactive controls will be negative and dampen CO2 effects on ecosystems. Negative feedbacks promote homeostasis in ecosystem processes and reduce the response of plant productivity to CO2. Positive feedbacks on CO2 responses are fewer, but can sustain or even increase benefits of CO2 enrichment for productivity. Positive feedbacks on CO2 responses occur most frequently through changes in plant species and functional group composition. Understanding positive and negative feedbacks on CO2 responses could be one key to predicting consequences of CO2 enrichment for rangeland productivity and other processes. C1 [Polley, H. W.; Fay, P. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Morgan, J. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wayne.polley@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 103 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 149 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1017/S0021859610000717 PN 1 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 696XA UT WOS:000285473500001 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Teuber, SS Cheng, H Schein, CH AF Maleki, S. J. Teuber, S. S. Cheng, H. Schein, C. H. TI IgE Binding Areas with Similar Physicochemical Properties Mediate Cross-Reactivity Between Peanut and Tree Nut Allergens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology Annual Meeting CY MAR 18-22, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol C1 [Maleki, S. J.; Cheng, H.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. [Teuber, S. S.] UC Davis Sch Med, Davis, CA USA. [Schein, C. H.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. RI Schein, Catherine/A-1426-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 127 IS 2 SU S BP AB111 EP AB111 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.445 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 832YI UT WOS:000295846400427 ER PT J AU Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Ziemer, CJ Spence, C Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR AF Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Ziemer, C. J. Spence, C. Cotta, M. A. Whitehead, T. R. TI Effect of dietary inorganic sulfur level on growth performance, fecal composition, and measures of inflammation and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the intestine of growing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growing pig; inflammation; inorganic sulfur; sulfate-reducing bacteria ID AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; NF-KAPPA-B; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; FINISHING PIGS; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; MANURE CHARACTERISTICS; DRINKING-WATER; SWINE; ABSORPTION; METHIONINE AB Two experiments investigated the impact of dietary inorganic S on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, fecal composition, and the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In Exp. 1, individually housed pigs (n = 42; 13.8 kg) were fed diets containing 2,300 or 2,100 mg/kg of S for 24 d. Decreasing dietary S had no effect on ADG, ADFI, or G: F. In Exp. 2, pigs (n = 64; 13.3 kg) were fed diets containing 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0% CaSO(4), thereby increasing dietary S from 2,900 to 12,100 mg/kg. Two additional diets were fed to confirm the lack of an impact due to feeding low dietary S on pig performance and to determine if the increased Ca and P content in the diets containing CaSO(4) had an impact on growth performance. Pigs were fed for 35 d. Ileal tissue, ileal mucosa, and colon tissue were harvested from pigs fed the 0 and 5% CaSO(4) diets (low-S and high-S, respectively) to determine the impact of dietary S on inflammation-related mRNA, activity of mucosal alkaline phosphatase and sucrase, and pathways of inflammatory activation. Real-time PCR was used to quantify SRB in ileal and colon digesta samples and feces. Fecal pH, sulfide, and ammonia concentrations were also determined. There was no impact on growth performance in pigs fed the diet reduced in dietary S or by the increase of dietary Ca and P. Increasing dietary S from 2,900 to 12,100 mg/kg had a linear (P < 0.01) effect on ADG and a cubic effect (P < 0.05) on ADFI and G: F. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed that pigs fed high-S increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-a, and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 mRNA, and tended (P = 0.09) to increase the relative abundance of IL-6 mRNA in ileal tissue. Likewise, pigs fed high-S had reduced (P < 0.05) abundance of nuclear factor of. light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-a and increased (P < 0.05) phospho-p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in ileal tissue, but there was no effect of dietary S on mucosal alkaline phosphatase or sucrase activity. Pigs fed the high-S diet had decreased (P < 0.05) total bacteria in ileal digesta, but increased (P < 0.05) prevalence of SRB in colon contents. Fecal sulfide was increased (P < 0.05) and fecal pH was deceased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed high-S. The data indicate that growing pigs can tolerate relatively high amounts of dietary inorganic S, but high dietary S content alters inflammatory mediators and intestinal bacteria. C1 [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.; Ziemer, C. J.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Spence, C.; Cotta, M. A.; Whitehead, T. R.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 89 IS 2 BP 426 EP 437 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3228 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 710KF UT WOS:000286509800013 PM 20952529 ER PT J AU Marshall, JM Storer, AJ Fraser, I Mastro, VC AF Marshall, J. M. Storer, A. J. Fraser, I. Mastro, V. C. TI A predictive model for detection of Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae) larvae in girdled ash (Fraxinus spp.) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; Fraxinus; invasive species ID BORER COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; EMERALD AB Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer, Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a pest of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America and has caused mortality of ash throughout its introduced range. One technique used for detection of A. planipennis is the establishment and peeling of girdled trap trees. In an effort to reduce the search effort and target detection survey efforts within ash trap trees, a predictive model was created using data from 2007 and validated using data from 2008. In 2007 and 2008, ash trap trees were established, harvested, peeled and inspected for A. planipennis larvae. Gaussian curves were fit to describe the relationship between stem diameter and relative proportion and frequency of larvae. The observed and predicted 2008 relative proportion and frequency of larvae did not differ in paired t-tests. Within the relative proportion and frequency Gaussian models, the curves peaked at approximately 10 cm diameter signifying the greatest proportion and frequency of A. planipennis larvae occurred at 10 cm stem diameter. This peak was then bracketed by 2 cm on each side creating a target stem section with a top diameter of 8 cm and a bottom diameter of 12 cm. A simple linear regression was fit to describe the relationship between the larvae count within the targeted 8-12 cm section of tree and the larvae per cm(3) of phloem per tree for 2007. The observed and predicted 2008 larvae per cm(3) did not differ in a paired t-test. Targeting the 8-12 cm diameter section of the trap tree stem will reduce the amount of the tree peeled to less than 45% with more than 50% of A. planipennis larvae within the tree encountered in this targeted section. This reduction in the amount of tree peeled will greatly increase the number of trees and area surveyed for A. planipennis detection and population delimiting surveys. C1 [Marshall, J. M.; Storer, A. J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fraser, I.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI USA. [Mastro, V. C.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis Angb, MA USA. RP Marshall, JM (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Cooperat Emerald Ash Borer Project, 5936 Ford Court,Suite 200, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. EM jmmarsha@mtu.edu RI Marshall, Jordan/B-1934-2009 OI Marshall, Jordan/0000-0001-6024-3758 FU USDA APHIS FX The authors would like to thank John DeLisle, Rob Miller, Michael Rietz and Nicole Smith for assistance in harvesting and peeling trap trees, as well as Rita Koch and Janet Oisten for assistance in site selection and trap tree establishment and Robert Froese and Robert Keen for statistical analysis consultation. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA APHIS Accelerated EAB Research Program. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their much appreciated comments and suggestions. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01525.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705EW UT WOS:000286112700010 ER PT J AU Chase, AF Chase, DZ Weishampel, JF Drake, JB Shrestha, RL Slatton, KC Awe, JJ Carter, WE AF Chase, Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Weishampel, John F. Drake, Jason B. Shrestha, Ramesh L. Slatton, K. Clint Awe, Jaime J. Carter, William E. TI Airborne LiDAR, archaeology, and the ancient Maya landscape at Caracol, Belize SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; Landscape archaeology; Rainforest canopy; Maya; Belize; Tropics ID LOWLAND MAYA; TROPICAL FOREST; CANOPY; PATTERNS; FEATURES; CITIES; GROWTH; STATES; TIKAL AB Advances in remote sensing and space-based imaging have led to an increased understanding of past settlements and landscape use, but until now the images in tropical regions have not been detailed enough to provide datasets that permitted the computation of digital elevation models for heavily forested and hilly terrain. The application of airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) remote sensing provides a detailed raster image that mimics a 3-D view (technically, it is 2.5-D) of a 200 sq km area covering the settlement of Caracol, a long-term occupied (600 BC-A.D. 250-900) Maya archaeological site in Belize, literally "seeing" though gaps in the rainforest canopy. Penetrating the encompassing jungle, LiDAR-derived images accurately portray not only the topography of the landscape, but also, structures, causeways, and agricultural terraces even those with relatively low relief of 5-30 cm. These data demonstrate the ability of the ancient Maya to modify, radically, their landscape in order to create a sustainable urban environment. Given the time and intensive effort involved in producing traditional large-scale maps, swath mapping LiDAR is a powerful cost-efficient tool to analyze past settlement and landscape modifications in tropical regions as it covers large study areas in a relatively short time. The use of LiDAR technology, as illustrated here, will ultimately replace traditional settlement mapping in tropical rainforest environments, such as the Maya region, although ground verification will continue to be necessary to test its efficacy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chase, Arlen F.; Chase, Diane Z.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Anthropol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Weishampel, John F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Drake, Jason B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Shrestha, Ramesh L.; Carter, William E.] Univ Houston, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Houston, TX USA. [Slatton, K. Clint] Univ Florida, Dept Civil Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Awe, Jaime J.] Natl Inst Culture & Hist, Inst Archaeol, Belmopan, Belize. RP Chase, AF (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Anthropol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM achase@mail.ucf.edu FU NASA [NNX08AM11G]; UCF-UF Space Research Initiative; Ahau Foundation; Alphawood Foundation; Dart Foundation; Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc.; Geraldine and Emory Ford Foundation; Government of Belize; Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation; National Science Foundation [BNS-8619996, SBR-9311773, SBR 97-08637]; Stans Foundation; United States Agency for International Development; University of Central Florida FX A version of this paper was presented on May 10, 2010 in Tampa, Florida at the 38th International Symposium on Archaeometry. The authors wish to thank Dr. Sandra Lopez Varela for reviewing an earlier version of this paper and two other reviewers for helping us substantially strengthen the final presentation. The LiDAR research reported on here was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AM11G and the UCF-UF Space Research Initiative. The archaeological research reported on here was funded by: the Ahau Foundation; the Alphawood Foundation; the Dart Foundation; the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc.; the Geraldine and Emory Ford Foundation; the Government of Belize; the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation; the National Science Foundation [grants BNS-8619996, SBR-9311773, and SBR 97-08637]; the Stans Foundation; the United States Agency for International Development; the University of Central Florida, and private donations. The LiDAR collaboration started as the result of an Interdisciplinary Initiative funded by Academic Affairs at UCF and was carried out under a permit awarded by the Belize Institute of Archaeology. We also wish to acknowledge the in-field and post-processing support contributed by Jessica Hightower (Biology, UCF), Michael Sartori (NCALM, UF), and Brian Woodye (IOA, Belize). Dr. K. Clint Slatton died of cancer after the original version of this paper was finished; his contribution to LiDAR applications like this one will be sorely missed. NR 80 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 77 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2010.09.018 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 701XW UT WOS:000285859500018 ER PT J AU Kovsan, J Bluher, M Tarnovscki, T Kloting, N Kirshtein, B Madar, L Shai, I Golan, R Harman-Boehm, I Schon, MR Greenberg, AS Elazar, Z Bashan, N Rudich, A AF Kovsan, Julia Blueher, Matthias Tarnovscki, Tanya Kloeting, Nora Kirshtein, Boris Madar, Liron Shai, Iris Golan, Rachel Harman-Boehm, Ilana Schoen, Michael R. Greenberg, Andrew S. Elazar, Zvulun Bashan, Nava Rudich, Assaf TI Altered Autophagy in Human Adipose Tissues in Obesity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LIPID-METABOLISM; STRESS; FAT; KINASES; MICE AB Context: Autophagy is a housekeeping mechanism, involved in metabolic regulation and stress response, shown recently to regulate lipid droplets biogenesis/breakdown and adipose tissue phenotype. Objective: We hypothesized that in human obesity autophagy may be altered in adipose tissue in a fat depot and distribution-dependent manner. Setting and Patients: Paired omental (Om) and subcutaneous (Sc) adipose tissue samples were used from obese and nonobese (n = 65, cohort 1); lean, Sc-obese and intraabdominally obese (n = 196, cohort 2); severely obese persons without diabetes or obesity-associated morbidity, matched for being insulin sensitive or resistant (n = 60, cohort 3). Results: Protein and mRNA levels of the autophagy genes Atg5, LC3A, and LC3B were increased in Om compared with Sc, more pronounced among obese persons, particularly with intraabdominal fat accumulation. Both adipocytes and stromal-vascular cells contribute to the expression of autophagy genes. An increased number of autophagosomes and elevated autophagic flux assessed in fat explants incubated with lysosomal inhibitors were observed in obesity, particularly in Om. The degree of visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy accounted for approximately 50% of the variance in omental Atg5 mRNA levels by multivariate regression analysis, whereas age, sex, measures of insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and adipose tissue stress were excluded from the model. Moreover, in cohort 3, the autophagy marker genes were increased in those who were insulin resistant compared with insulin sensitive, particularly in Om. Conclusions: Autophagy is up-regulated in adipose tissue of obese persons, especially in Om, correlating with the degree of obesity, visceral fat distribution, and adipocyte hypertrophy. This may co-occur with insulin resistance but precede the occurrence of obesity-associated morbidity. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96: E268-E277, 2011) C1 [Rudich, Assaf] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Natl Inst Biotechnol Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Shai, Iris; Golan, Rachel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Epidemiol, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Shai, Iris; Rudich, Assaf] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Int Ctr Hlth & Nutr, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Blueher, Matthias; Kloeting, Nora] Univ Leipzig, Dept Med, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Kirshtein, Boris] Soroka Med Ctr, Dept Surg A, IL-84101 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Harman-Boehm, Ilana] Soroka Med Ctr, Diabet Unit, IL-84101 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Schoen, Michael R.] Clin Visceral Surg, Stadt Klinikum Karlsruhe, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Elazar, Zvulun] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Rudich, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Natl Inst Biotechnol Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84103 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM rudich@bgu.ac.il OI Schon, Michael/0000-0002-0698-4130 FU German-Israel Science Foundation [GIF 995-09]; US-Israel binational Science Foundation [BSF 2007327]; Israel Science Foundation [ISF 306/07] FX This work was supported by German-Israel Science Foundation Grant GIF 995-09 (to M.B. and A.R.), US-Israel binational Science Foundation Grant BSF 2007327 (to A.S.G. and A.R.), and Israel Science Foundation Grant ISF 306/07 (to Z.E.). NR 25 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 96 IS 2 BP E268 EP E277 DI 10.1210/jc.2010-1681 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 716MG UT WOS:000286972500005 PM 21047928 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Miller, RH AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Miller, R. H. TI Potential consequences of selection to change gestation length on performance of Holstein cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gestation length; milk yield; fitness trait; productive life ID CALVING EASE; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CATTLE; STILLBIRTH; TRAITS; DIFFICULTY AB Genetic evaluations for gestation length (GL) for Holstein service sires were studied to determine their effectiveness in predicting GL in an independent data set. Consequences of selection on GL were also assessed by examining correlated changes in milk and fitness traits. Holstein bulls with >= 300 calvings between 1998 and 2005 were stratified into the following 7 groups using predicted transmitting ability (PTA) for service sire GL: <-3.00, -3.00 to -2.01, ... , 1.00 to 1.99, and >= 2.00 d. An independent set of 261,598 first-parity cows mated later to the same bulls and calving between 2006 and 2009 were segregated by the service sire PTA GL groups (group had 8,317 to 73,324 gestations), and these mates' GL were examined to determine effectiveness of service sire PTA GL. The model included fixed effects for herd-year and service sire group, plus covariates for conception dates to account for time opportunity among mates. Mean GL for mates by service sire group (from lowest to highest PTA GL) were 275.3, 276.5, 277.8, 278.6, 279.5, 280.6, and 281.7 d. Thus, service sire PTA GL was effective in identifying bulls that modified GL. Subsequent yield and fitness traits were also examined for the (independent) mates with the same service sire groups. Intermediate service sire PTA CL was optimal for yield traits and days open; performance for productive life and culling generally became less favorable as service sire PTA GL increased. A second examination was made by replacing service sire PTA GL groups in the model with phenotypic cow GL groups. Relationships between GL and subsequent performance for milk yield and fitness traits were examined using 9 phenotypic cow GL groups: <= 271, 272-273, ... , 284-285, and >= 286 d. Performance generally improved for subsequent lactation yield as cow GL increased; however, intermediate GL was optimal for productive life, calving ease, stillbirth, culling, and days open. Results indicated that neither shortening nor increasing the mean for GL in the Holstein breed provided much overall benefit when all traits were considered. The same traits examined in the cows for the correlated effect from various GL were also examined in their offspring to determine whether the GL producing the calf had any influence on these same traits when the offspring reached their own productive period. Little carryover occurred from GL on the dam to the other traits observed on the offspring when examined a generation later. C1 [Norman, H. D.; Wright, J. R.; Miller, R. H.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Duane.Norman@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 94 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1010 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3732 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 709AN UT WOS:000286407600046 PM 21257069 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Myers, SW Jessup, AJ Islam, A AF Hallman, Guy J. Myers, Scott W. Jessup, Andrew J. Islam, Amirul TI Comparison of In Vitro Heat and Cold Tolerances of the New Invasive Species Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) With Three Known Tephritids SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold treatment; hot water immersion; heat treatment; quarantine treatment; phytosanitary treatment ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; THERMAL DEATH KINETICS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; 3RD INSTARS; MEXICAN; EGGS; LARVAE; MELON AB Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White (Diptera: Tephritidae) is spreading throughout central Africa attacking a variety of fruit; quarantines are placed on fruit from this region that are considered hosts. The only phytosanitary treatment that is commercially available is an ionizing irradiation treatment for all Tephritidae at 150 Gy. The development of other treatments, such as heat, cold, or fumigation, usually requires testing tens of thousands of insects at a dose that provides efficacy and may take several years. It may be possible to shorten the time required to develop treatments by comparing tolerance of a new quarantine pest to tolerances of pests with similar behaviors and modes of infestation for which treatment schedules are available. Cold and heat tolerance of B. invadens was compared with tolerance of Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitate (Wiedemann) in vitro. Third-instar B. invadens was no more cold tolerant than the other species when treated in diet at 0.94 +/- 0.65 degrees C and no more heat tolerant than C. capitate when immersed in vials in water at 44.7 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The data at 0.94 +/- 0.65 degrees C was used to include B. invadens in a USDA cold treatment schedule for citrus fruit from Africa so that trade would not be interrupted while protecting U.S. agriculture from this invasive pest. C1 [Hallman, Guy J.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Myers, Scott W.] Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, USDA APHIS PPQ, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Jessup, Andrew J.; Islam, Amirul] FAO IAEA Agr & Biotechnol Lab, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Business Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM guy.hallman@ars.usda.gov RI Jessup, Andrew/B-2510-2016; OI Jessup, Andrew/0000-0003-2318-7835; Jessup, Andrew/0000-0002-0479-7489 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1603/EC10357 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800003 PM 21404834 ER PT J AU Arevalo-Galarza, L Follett, PA AF Arevalo-Galarza, Lourdes Follett, Peter A. TI Response of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Metabolic Stress Disinfection and Disinfestation Treatment SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytosanitary treatment; Mediterranean fruit fly; oriental fruit fly; melon fly; low pressure ID INSECTICIDAL CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; QUARANTINE CONTROL; EXPOSURE TIME; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; ETHANOL; TETRANYCHIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) is a postharvest treatment designed to control pathogens and arthropod pests on commodities that combines short cycles of low pressure/vacuum and high CO, with ethanol vapor. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of MSDD treatment on various life stages of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly; Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, oriental fruit fly; and Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, melon fly, in petri dishes and in papaya, Carica papaya L., fruit. In some experiments, the ethanol vapor phase was withheld to separate the effects of the physical (low pressure/ambient pressure cycles) and chemical (ethanol vapor plus low pressure) phases of treatment. In the experiments with tephritid fruit fly larvae and adults in petri dishes, mortality was generally high when insects were exposed to ethanol and low when ethanol was withheld during MSDD treatment, suggesting that ethanol vapor is highly lethal but that fruit flies are quite tolerant of short periods of low pressure treatment alone. When papaya fruit infested with fruit fly eggs or larvae were treated by MSDD, they produced fewer pupae than untreated control fruit, but a substantial number of individuals developed nonetheless. This suggests that internally feeding insects in fruit may be partially protected from the toxic effects of the ethanol because the vapor does not easily penetrate the fruit pericarp and pulp. MSDD treatment using the atmospheric conditions tested has limited potential as a disinfestation treatment for internal-feeding quarantine pests such as fruit flies infesting perishable commodities. C1 [Follett, Peter A.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Arevalo-Galarza, Lourdes] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56239, Mexico. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT-Mexico) [2009-94000] FX We are grateful to Tim Essert (Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California-Davis) for advice on operation of the MSDD system and to Steve Brown, Kirsten Snook, Mariko Okamura, and Takae Nitto (USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI) for technical assistance. Yong-Biao Liu (USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA) provided a helpful review of an early draft of the paper. This research was supported by sabbatical grant 2009-94000 from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT-Mexico). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1603/EC10276 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800011 PM 21404842 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Mankin, RW Chen, YG Duan, JJ Poland, TM Bauer, LS AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Mankin, Richard W. Chen, Yigen Duan, Jian J. Poland, Therese M. Bauer, Leah S. TI Role of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Larval Vibrations in Host-Quality Assessment by Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; auditory cues; cryptic; vibrokinesis; vibrotaxis ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; PARASITIC WASPS; CLUTCH SIZE; CHINA; SELECTION; OVIPOSITION; ENCYRTIDAE; EVOLUTION; LOCATION AB The biological control agent Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive cambium-feeding species responsible for recent, widespread mortality of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. T. planipennisi is known to prefer late-instar emerald ash borer, but the cues used to assess host size by this species and most other parasitoids of concealed hosts remain unknown. We sought to test whether vibrations produced by feeding emerald ash borer vary with larval size and whether there are any correlations between these cues and T. planipennisi progeny number (i.e., brood size) and sex ratio. The amplitudes and rates of 3-30-ms vibrational impulses produced by emerald ash borer larvae of various sizes were measured in the laboratory before presenting the larvae to T. planipennisi. Impulse-rate did not vary with emerald ash borer size, but vibration amplitude was significantly higher for large larvae than for small larvae. T. planipennisi produced a significantly higher proportion of female offspring from large hosts than small hosts and was shown in previous work to produce more offspring overall from large hosts. There were no significant correlations, however, between the T. planipennisi progeny data and the emerald ash borer sound data. Because vibration amplitude varied significantly with host size, however, we are unable to entirely reject the hypothesis that T. planipennisi and possibly other parasitoids of concealed hosts use vibrational cues to assess host quality, particularly given the low explanatory potential of other external cues. Internal chemical cues also may be important. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Chen, Yigen; Poland, Therese M.; Bauer, Leah S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mankin, Richard W.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Duan, Jian J.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Poland, Therese M.; Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM mulyshen@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1603/EC10283 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800012 PM 21404843 ER PT J AU Oyarzun, MP Li, AY Figueroa, CC AF Oyarzun, M. P. Li, A. Y. Figueroa, C. C. TI High Levels of Insecticide Resistance in Introduced Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations and Implications for Management SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horn fly; cypermethrin; diazinon; kdr; insecticide resistance ID HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS DIPTERA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SODIUM-CHANNEL MUTATIONS; PYRETHROID-RESISTANT; FLIES DIPTERA; DIAZINON; ESTERASE; PERMETHRIN; KDR; METABOLISM AB The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), was introduced to Chile in the beginning of the 1990s. Since its introduction, farmers have controlled this pest almost exclusively with insecticides. To understand the consequences of different control strategies on the development of insecticide resistance and their persistence, a field survey was conducted at eight farms in the south of Chile to characterize insecticide resistance in field populations and resistance mechanisms. Horn fly samples were assayed to determine levels of resistance to pyrethroids and diazinon, genotyped for kdr and Hi alpha E7 mutations, and tested for general esterase activity. All field populations, including ones that were not treated with insecticides for the past 5 yr, showed high levels of cypermethrin resistance and high frequencies of the kdr mutation. None of the fly populations demonstrated resistance to diazinon and the Hi alpha E7 mutation was not detected in any of the fly samples. Esterase activities in all populations were comparable to those found in the susceptible reference strain. The findings of high frequencies of homozygous resistant and heterozygous individuals both in insecticide treated horn fly populations and in the untreated fly populations suggests complex interactions among field populations of the horn fly in Chile. C1 [Oyarzun, M. P.; Figueroa, C. C.] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ecol & Evoluc, Valdivia, Chile. [Li, A. Y.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Figueroa, CC (reprint author), Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ecol & Evoluc, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. EM christianfigueroa@uach.cl RI Figueroa, Christian/A-1170-2008 OI Figueroa, Christian/0000-0001-9218-5564 FU Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) [3090032, 1090378]; International Foundation for Science [B/ 4773-1]; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica-REDES [R-01] FX We thank Evelyn Alberti for help with the collection of the horn flies and Thadeu Barros for technical support. This research was supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) grant 3090032 and International Foundation for Science grant B/ 4773-1 (to M.P.O.) and by Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica-REDES R-01 and FONDECYT 1090378 grants (to C.C.F.). NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1603/EC10188 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 716ZU UT WOS:000287012800035 PM 21404866 ER PT J AU Gogal, RM Kerr, R Kingsley, DH Granata, LA LeRoith, T Holliman, SD Dancho, BA Flick, GJ AF Gogal, R. M., Jr. Kerr, R. Kingsley, D. H. Granata, L. A. LeRoith, T. Holliman, S. D. Dancho, B. A. Flick, G. J., Jr. TI High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing of Murine Norovirus 1-Contaminated Oysters Inhibits Oral Infection in STAT-1(-/-)-Deficient Female Mice SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; INACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; CONTAMINATION; PH AB We have previously demonstrated that high pressure processing (HPP) is effective in preventing in vitro replication of murine norovirus strain 1 (MNV-1), a human norovirus surrogate, in a monocyte cell line following extraction from MNV-1 contaminated oysters. In the present study, the efficacy of HPP to prevent in vivo replication within mice fed HPP-treated MNV-1-seeded oyster extracts was evaluated. Oyster homogenate extracts seeded with MNV-1 were given 5-min, 400-MPa (58,016-psi) treatments and orally gavaged into immunodeficient (STAT-1(-/-)) female mice. Mice orally gavaged with HPP-treated MNV-showed significant (P <= 0.05) weight loss leading to enhanced morbidity, whereas those given 100 and 200 PFU of HPP-treated MNV-1 were comparable to uninfected controls. MNV-1 was detected, via real-time PCR, within the liver, spleen, and brain of all mice fed non-HPP-treatect homogenate but was not detected in the tissues of mice fed HPP-treated homogenates or in uninfected control mice. Hepatocellular necrosis and lymphoid depletion in the spleen were observed in non-HPP-treated MNV-1 mice only. These results clearly show that HPP prevents MNV-1 infection in vivo and validates that viral inactivation by HPP in vitro is essentially equivalent to that in vivo. Further, the data suggest that HPP may be an effective food processing intervention for norovirus-contaminated shellfish and thus may decrease risk to both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals who consume shellfish. C1 [Gogal, R. M., Jr.; Kerr, R.; LeRoith, T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Granata, L. A.; Holliman, S. D.; Flick, G. J., Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gogal, R. M., Jr.; Kerr, R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anat & Radiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kingsley, D. H.; Dancho, B. A.] Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Gogal, RM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rgogal@uga.edu OI LeRoith, Tanya/0000-0002-1196-6949 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services [VA-428240] FX We thank Dixon Smiley and Dee Snyder (VA Polytechnic and State University/Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine), animal care technicians of the Teaching & Research Animal Care Support Service at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, for the care and oversight of the mice. We also thank Ms. Diana Hartle, Reference Librarian, University of Georgia, for her assistance with the formatting of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Gary P. Richards and Dr. Brendon Niemira, Agricultural Research Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, for critical review of the manuscript. This publication is a result of research sponsored by U.S. Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services grant no. VA-428240. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 74 IS 2 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-235 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719SD UT WOS:000287228400005 PM 21333139 ER PT J AU Hunt, SL Kadavy, KC AF Hunt, Sherry L. Kadavy, Kem C. TI Inception Point Relationship for Flat-Sloped Stepped Spillways SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Roller compacted concrete; Dam design; Dam safety; Dams; Energy dissipation; Aeration; Air entrainment; Spillways; Rehabilitation ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION; SKIMMING FLOWS AB A two-dimensional, physical model was constructed to evaluate the air entrainment inception point location in a 4 (H):1(V) stepped spillway. Step heights of 38, 76, and 152 mm were evaluated. The physical model was constructed with a broad-crested weir, and model unit discharges ranging from 0.11 m(3)/(s.m) to 0.82 m(3)/(s.m) were tested. Hubert Chanson developed a relationship for predicting the inception point location for primarily steep (theta >= 22 degrees) stepped spillways. In this study, Chanson's relationship effectively predicts the location of the inception point for slopes as flat as 14 degrees for Froude surface roughness values (F(*)) > 10 which, in this study, corresponds to model step heights of 38 and 76 mm. A new relationship for predicting the location of the inception point was developed, applicable for flatter sloped (theta <= 22 degrees) stepped spillways with 1 < F(*) < 100. This relationship is similar to Chanson's, but it is optimized for flat-sloped stepped spillways with a broad-crested weir. C1 [Hunt, Sherry L.; Kadavy, Kem C.] ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hunt, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM sherry.hunt@ars.usda.gov; kem.kadavy@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2011 VL 137 IS 2 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000297 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 706LB UT WOS:000286218800012 ER PT J AU Terenius, O Papanicolaou, A Garbutt, JS Eleftherianos, I Huvenne, H Kanginakudru, S Albrechtsen, M An, CJ Aymeric, JL Barthel, A Bebas, P Bitra, K Bravo, A Chevalieri, F Collinge, DP Crava, CM de Maagd, RA Duvic, B Erlandson, M Faye, I Felfoldi, G Fujiwara, H Futahashi, R Gandhe, AS Gatehouse, HS Gatehouse, LN Giebultowicz, JM Gomez, I Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP Groot, AT Hauser, F Heckel, DG Hegedus, DD Hrycaj, S Huang, LH Hull, JJ Iatrou, K Iga, M Kanost, MR Kotwica, J Li, CY Li, JH Liu, JS Lundmark, M Matsumoto, S Meyering-Vos, M Millichap, PJ Monteiro, A Mrinal, N Niimi, T Nowara, D Ohnishi, A Oostra, V Ozaki, K Papakonstantinou, M Popadic, A Rajam, MV Saenko, S Simpson, RM Soberon, M Strand, MR Tomita, S Toprak, U Wang, P Wee, CW Whyard, S Zhang, WQ Nagaraju, J Ffrench-Constant, RH Herrero, S Gordon, K Swelters, L Smagghe, G AF Terenius, Olle Papanicolaou, Alexie Garbutt, Jennie S. Eleftherianos, Ioannis Huvenne, Hanneke Kanginakudru, Sriramana Albrechtsen, Merete An, Chunju Aymeric, Jean-Luc Barthel, Andrea Bebas, Piotr Bitra, Kavita Bravo, Alejandra Chevalieri, Francois Collinge, Derek P. Crava, Cristina M. de Maagd, Ruud A. Duvic, Bernard Erlandson, Martin Faye, Ingrid Felfoeldi, Gabriella Fujiwara, Haruhiko Futahashi, Ryo Gandhe, Archana S. Gatehouse, Heather S. Gatehouse, Laurence N. Giebultowicz, Jadwiga M. Gomez, Isabel Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P. Groot, Astrid T. Hauser, Frank Heckel, David G. Hegedus, Dwayne D. Hrycaj, Steven Huang, Lihua Hull, J. Joe Iatrou, Kostas Iga, Masatoshi Kanost, Michael R. Kotwica, Joanna Li, Changyou Li, Jianghong Liu, Jisheng Lundmark, Magnus Matsumoto, Shogo Meyering-Vos, Martina Millichap, Peter J. Monteiro, Antonia Mrinal, Nirotpal Niimi, Teruyuki Nowara, Daniela Ohnishi, Atsushi Oostra, Vicencio Ozaki, Katsuhisa Papakonstantinou, Maria Popadic, Aleksandar Rajam, Manchikatla V. Saenko, Suzanne Simpson, Robert M. Soberon, Mario Strand, Michael R. Tomita, Shuichiro Toprak, Umut Wang, Ping Wee, Choon Wei Whyard, Steven Zhang, Wenqing Nagaraju, Javaregowda Ffrench-Constant, Richard H. Herrero, Salvador Gordon, Karl Swelters, Luc Smagghe, Guy TI RNA interference in Lepidoptera: An overview of successful and unsuccessful studies and implications for experimental design SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE RNA interference; Lepidoptera; Delivery methods; Tissue uptake; Gene function; dsRNA properties ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ARMYWORM SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; SMALL SILENCING RNAS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MESSENGER-RNA AB Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has revolutionized the study of gene function, particularly in non-model insects. However, in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) RNAi has many times proven to be difficult to achieve. Most of the negative results have been anecdotal and the positive experiments have not been collected in such a way that they are possible to analyze. In this review, we have collected detailed data from more than 150 experiments including all to date published and many unpublished experiments. Despite a large variation in the data, trends that are found are that RNAi is particularly successful in the family Saturniidae and in genes involved in immunity. On the contrary, gene expression in epidermal tissues seems to be most difficult to silence. In addition, gene silencing by feeding dsRNA requires high concentrations for success. Possible causes for the variability of success in RNAi experiments in Lepidoptera are discussed. The review also points to a need to further investigate the mechanism of RNAi in lepidopteran insects and its possible connection to the innate immune response. Our general understanding of RNAi in Lepidoptera will be further aided in the future as our public database at http://insectacentral.org/RNAi will continue to gather information on RNAi experiments. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Terenius, Olle] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Papanicolaou, Alexie; Ffrench-Constant, Richard H.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Papanicolaou, Alexie; Collinge, Derek P.; Gordon, Karl] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Garbutt, Jennie S.; Millichap, Peter J.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Eleftherianos, Ioannis] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Huvenne, Hanneke; Iga, Masatoshi; Liu, Jisheng; Smagghe, Guy] Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Dept Crop Protect, Fac Biosci Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Kanginakudru, Sriramana; Gandhe, Archana S.; Mrinal, Nirotpal; Nagaraju, Javaregowda] Ctr DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnost, Mol Genet Lab, Hyderabad 500001, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Albrechtsen, Merete; Lundmark, Magnus] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark. [An, Chunju; Kanost, Michael R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Aymeric, Jean-Luc; Chevalieri, Francois; Duvic, Bernard] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Ecol Microbienne Insectes & Interact Hotes Pa, INRA UM2, UMR 1133, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Barthel, Andrea; Groot, Astrid T.; Heckel, David G.] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Bebas, Piotr; Kotwica, Joanna] Univ Warsaw, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Physiol, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland. [Bitra, Kavita; Strand, Michael R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bravo, Alejandra; Gomez, Isabel; Soberon, Mario] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62250, Mor, Mexico. [Collinge, Derek P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia. [Crava, Cristina M.; Herrero, Salvador] Univ Valencia, Dept Genet, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. [de Maagd, Ruud A.; Herrero, Salvador] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Business Unit Biosci, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Erlandson, Martin; Hegedus, Dwayne D.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Erlandson, Martin; Toprak, Umut] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Faye, Ingrid] Stockholm Univ, Dept Genet Microbiol & Toxicol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Felfoeldi, Gabriella] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Biochem, Budapest, Hungary. [Fujiwara, Haruhiko; Futahashi, Ryo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Integrated Biosci, Chiba 2778562, Japan. [Futahashi, Ryo] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Genomebased Biofactory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. [Gatehouse, Heather S.; Gatehouse, Laurence N.; Simpson, Robert M.] Plant & Food Res Ltd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Giebultowicz, Jadwiga M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P.; Hauser, Frank; Nowara, Daniela] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Funct & Comparat Insect Genom, Dept Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hegedus, Dwayne D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Food & Bioprod Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Hrycaj, Steven; Popadic, Aleksandar] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Huang, Lihua; Li, Changyou; Li, Jianghong] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Hull, J. Joe; Matsumoto, Shogo; Ohnishi, Atsushi] RIKEN, Adv Sci Inst, Mol Entomol Lab, Saitama, Japan. [Hull, J. Joe] USDA ARS Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Iatrou, Kostas; Papakonstantinou, Maria; Swelters, Luc] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Biol, Athens, Greece. [Meyering-Vos, Martina] Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Monteiro, Antonia] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Niimi, Teruyuki] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Oostra, Vicencio; Saenko, Suzanne] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Ozaki, Katsuhisa] JT Biohist Res Hall, Osaka, Japan. [Rajam, Manchikatla V.] Univ Delhi S Campus, Dept Genet, New Delhi 110021, India. [Tomita, Shuichiro] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Div Insect Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058634, Japan. [Toprak, Umut] Ankara Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Coll Agr, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. [Wee, Choon Wei] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. [Whyard, Steven] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Zhang, Wenqing] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Terenius, O (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Box 7044, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM olle.terenius@ekol.slu.se RI Monteiro, Antonia/J-6452-2013; de Maagd, Ruud/A-5859-2012; Papanicolaou, Alexie/A-1618-2011; Garbutt, Jennie/G-5013-2012; Simpson, Robert/R-7769-2016; Gordon, Karl/A-1976-2008; Bitra, Kavita/C-3625-2013; Herrero, Salvador/J-5767-2013; Heckel, David/K-2138-2013; Groot, Astrid/A-8954-2013; Kotwica-Rolinska, Joanna/K-2941-2014; Hauser, Frank/M-2952-2014; Kanginakudru, Sriramana/K-1351-2014; OI Monteiro, Antonia/0000-0001-9696-459X; de Maagd, Ruud/0000-0001-7049-2029; Papanicolaou, Alexie/0000-0002-3635-6848; Garbutt, Jennie/0000-0002-6148-6847; Simpson, Robert/0000-0003-3871-0780; Gordon, Karl/0000-0002-4371-0454; Herrero, Salvador/0000-0001-5690-2108; Heckel, David/0000-0001-8991-2150; Groot, Astrid/0000-0001-9595-0161; Hauser, Frank/0000-0001-5563-2345; Kanginakudru, Sriramana/0000-0001-7247-7439; Futahashi, Ryo/0000-0003-4791-7054; Whyard, Steve/0000-0002-9874-7780; ffrench-Constant, Richard/0000-0001-5385-9888; Crava, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-3774-4567; Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis/0000-0001-6486-2046; Terenius, Olle/0000-0002-9909-1859 NR 114 TC 225 Z9 237 U1 27 U2 198 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 2 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.11.006 PG 15 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 717PD UT WOS:000287059000001 PM 21078327 ER PT J AU Dias, CCA Moraes, MP Segundo, FDS de los Santos, T Grubman, MJ AF Dias, Camila C. A. Moraes, Mauro P. Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San de los Santos, Teresa Grubman, Marvin J. TI Porcine Type I Interferon Rapidly Protects Swine Against Challenge with Multiple Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; SUBUNIT VACCINE; REPLICATION; COMBINATION; INHIBITION; INFECTION; RESPONSES; PROTEINS; FMDV AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Current inactivated vaccines require approximately 7 days to induce protection, but before this time vaccinated animals remain susceptible to disease. Previously, we demonstrated that intramuscular (IM) inoculation of a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing a porcine interferon alpha gene (pIFN alpha) can protect swine challenged 1 day later by intradermal (ID) injection with FMDV A24 Cruzeiro from both clinical disease and virus replication. To extend these studies to other FMDV serotypes, we demonstrated the effectiveness of Ad5-pIFN alpha against ID challenge with O1 Manisa and Asia-1 and against A24 Cruzeiro in a direct contact challenge model. We also showed that an Ad5 vector containing the pIFN beta gene can protect swine against ID challenge with A24 Cruzeiro. Further, IM inoculation of a 10-fold lower dose of Ad5-pIFN alpha at 4 sites in the neck compared with 1 site in the hind limb can protect swine against ID challenge. These studies demonstrate the ability of Ad5-delivered type I IFN to rapidly protect swine against several FMDV serotypes and suggest that various modifications of this approach may enable this strategy to be successfully used in other FMD susceptible species. C1 [Grubman, Marvin J.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Dias, Camila C. A.; Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, N Atlantic Area, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov FU Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program; CRIS [1940-32000-053-00D]; Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture; Department of Homeland Security [60-1940-7-47] FX This research was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (appointment of Camila C.A. Dias and Fayna Diaz-San Segundo); by CRIS project no. 1940-32000-053-00D, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (M.J. Grubman, T. de los Santos); and by reimbursable agreement no. 60-1940-7-47 with the Department of Homeland Security (M.J. Grubman). NR 27 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1089/jir.2010.0055 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 719UB UT WOS:000287234200004 PM 20874428 ER PT J AU Fisher, JJ Rehner, SA Bruck, DJ AF Fisher, Joanna J. Rehner, Stephen A. Bruck, Denny J. TI Diversity of rhizosphere associated entomopathogenic fungi of perennial herbs, shrubs and coniferous trees SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fungal biology; Fungal ecology; Habitat; Black vine weevil ID BLACK VINE WEEVIL; CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOILLESS POTTING MEDIA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS; GENETIC GROUPS; SOILS; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Understanding habitat selection of fungal entomopathogens is critical to improve the efficacy, persistence and cost of these fungi as microbial insecticides. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Metarhizium and Beauveria spp. isolated from the rhizosphere of strawberry, blueberry, grape and Christmas tree crops in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Entomopathogenic fungi were assigned to thirteen species based on molecular phylogenetic criteria. Four species of Metarhizium were isolated including Metarhizium brunneum, Metarhizium guizhouense, Metarhizium robertsii, and Metarhizium flavoviride var. pemphigi. Nine Beauveria species were isolated including, Beauveria brongniartii, an undescribed species referred to as Clade C and seven phylogenetic species of Beauveria bassiana. Strawberries and blueberries were significantly associated with M. brunneum and Christmas trees with M. guizhouense and M. robertsii. Grapes were significantly associated with B. bassiana phylogenetic species Bbas-16. All of the Metarhizium isolates screened were pathogenic to Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae in laboratory bioassays but only M. brunneum and M. robertsii caused significant levels of infection. The study results suggest that certain species of Metarhizium and Beauveria are significantly associated with the strawberry, blueberry and Christmas tree rhizosphere and could potentially provide better control of O. sulcatus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bruck, Denny J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Fisher, Joanna J.] Oregon State Univ, Bioresource Res Program, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Denny.Bruck@ars.usda.gov OI Fisher, Joanna/0000-0002-7060-9749 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 106 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.11.001 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 712YG UT WOS:000286701600019 PM 21056569 ER PT J AU Behringer, M Miller, WG Oyarzabal, OA AF Behringer, Megan Miller, William G. Oyarzabal, Omar A. TI Typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from live broilers and retail broiler meat by flaA-RFLP, MLST, PFGE and REP-PCR SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE flaA-RFLP; PFGE; MLST; REP-PCR; Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter coli ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEQUENCE-BASED PCR; DIVERSILAB SYSTEM; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; DISCRIMINATORY POWER; NUMERICAL INDEX; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; SAMPLES; REPRODUCIBILITY AB We analyzed 100 Campylobacter spp. isolates (C. jejuni and C coli) from Grenada, Puerto Rico and Alabama, which were collected from live broilers or retail broiler meat. We analyzed these isolates with four molecular typing methods: restriction fragment length polymorphism of the flaA gene (flaA-RFLP), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and automated repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) using the DiversiLab system. All methods performed similarly for the typing of C jejuni and C coli. The DNA extraction method appears to influence the results obtained with REP-PCR. This method was better for the typing of C jejuni than C coil, however both REP-PCR and flaA-RFLP generated types that were indistinguishable between C jejuni and C. coli and appeared to be random, without any relationship to species, location, or source of isolates. PFGE and MIST generated typing results that had a better correlation with the geographic location of the isolates and showed higher concordance with the Wallace coefficient. The adjusted Rand coefficient did not show higher concordance among the methods, although the PFGE/MLST combination exhibited the highest concordance. PFGE and MLST revealed a better discriminatory power for C coli isolates than REP-PCR or flaA-RFLP. The use of readily available online tools to calculate the confidence interval of the Simpson's index of diversity and the adjusted Rand and Wallace coefficients helped estimate the discriminatory power of typing methods. Further studies using different C jejuni and C. coli strains may expand our understanding of the benefits and limitations of each of these typing methods for epidemiological studies of Campylobacter spp. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oyarzabal, Omar A.] Alabama State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Behringer, Megan] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Miller, William G.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Oyarzabal, OA (reprint author), Alabama State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1627 Hall St, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. EM oaoyarzabal@gmail.com OI Oyarzabal, Omar/0000-0002-7863-2767 NR 49 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.11.016 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 729LM UT WOS:000287951200007 PM 21130125 ER PT J AU Durso, LM Harhay, GP Bono, JL Smith, TPL AF Durso, Lisa M. Harhay, Gregory P. Bono, James L. Smith, Timothy P. L. TI Virulence-associated and antibiotic resistance genes of microbial populations in cattle feces analyzed using a metagenomic approach SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Beef; Cattle; Feces; Metagenomics; Bacterial communities ID WATER AB The bovine fecal microbiota impacts human food safety as well as animal health. Although the bacteria of cattle feces have been well characterized using culture-based and culture-independent methods, techniques have been lacking to correlate total community composition with community function. We used high throughput sequencing of total DNA extracted from fecal material to characterize general community composition and examine the repertoire of microbial genes present in beef cattle feces, including genes associated with antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence. Results suggest that traditional 165 sequencing using "universal" primers to generate full-length sequence may under represent Acitinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Over eight percent (8.4%) of the sequences from our beef cattle fecal pool sample could be categorized as virulence genes, including a suite of genes associated with resistance to antibiotic and toxic compounds (RATC). This is a higher proportion of virulence genes found in Sargasso sea, chicken cecum, and cow rumen samples, but comparable to the proportion found in Antarctic marine derived lake, human fecal, and farm soil samples. The quantitative nature of metagenomic data, combined with the large number of RATC classes represented in samples from widely different habitats indicates that metagenomic data can be used to track relative amounts of antibiotic resistance genes in individual animals over time. Consequently, these data can be used to generate sample-specific and temporal antibiotic resistance gene profiles to facilitate an understanding of the ecology of the microbial communities in each habitat as well as the epidemiology of antibiotic resistant gene transport between and among habitats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Durso, Lisa M.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Mangagement Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68983 USA. [Harhay, Gregory P.; Bono, James L.; Smith, Timothy P. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Durso, LM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Mangagement Res Unit, Room 121,Keim Hall,UNL E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68983 USA. EM lisa.durso@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS [108] FX We thank R. Mlejnek S. Simcox, R. Lee, S. Fryda-Bradley, J. Frohner, J. LaBrie, and Myron Coleman for technical assistance, the MARC cattle crew for animal care, and support from the USDA, ARS, National Program 108. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.12.008 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 729LM UT WOS:000287951200020 PM 21167876 ER PT J AU Riepsamen, AH Gibson, T Rowe, J Chitwood, DJ Subbotin, SA Dowton, M AF Riepsamen, Angelique H. Gibson, Tracey Rowe, Janet Chitwood, David J. Subbotin, Sergei A. Dowton, Mark TI Poly(T) Variation in Heteroderid Nematode Mitochondrial Genomes is Predominantly an Artefact of Amplification SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Polythymidine; Mitochondrial DNA; Heteroderidae; Polymerase slippage; Amplification artefacts; Homopolymer; Nematode ID DNA-POLYMERASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENE REARRANGEMENTS; HETERONOTIA-BINOEI; GLOBODERA-PALLIDA; PCR AMPLIFICATION; SIZE VARIATION; IN-VITRO; EVOLUTION; FIDELITY AB We assessed the rate of in vitro polymerase errors at polythymidine [poly(T)] tracts in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of a heteroderid nematode (Heterodera cajani). The mtDNA of these nematodes contain unusually high numbers of poly(T) tracts, and have previously been suggested to contain biological poly(T) length variation. However, using a cloned molecule, we observed that poly(T) variation was generated in vitro at regions containing more than six consecutive Ts. This artefactual error rate was estimated at 7.3 x 10(-5) indels/poly(T) tract > 6 Ts/cycle. This rate was then compared to the rate of poly(T) variation detected after the amplification of a biological sample, in order to estimate the 'biological + artefactual' rate of poly(T) variation. There was no significant difference between the artefactual and the artefactual + biological rates, suggesting that the majority of poly(T) variation in the biological sample was artefactual. We then examined the generation of poly(T) variation in a range of templates with tracts up to 16 Ts long, utilizing a range of Heteroderidae species. We observed that T deletions occurred five times more frequently than insertions, and a trend towards increasing error rates with increasing poly(T) tract length. These findings have significant implications for studies involving genomes with many homopolymer tracts. C1 [Riepsamen, Angelique H.; Gibson, Tracey; Dowton, Mark] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Rowe, Janet] Rothamsted Res, Nematode Interact Unit, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Chitwood, David J.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Subbotin, Sergei A.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Subbotin, Sergei A.] Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Parasitol, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Riepsamen, AH (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM ahr96@uow.edu.au RI Dowton, Mark/A-7766-2012; Hoolahan, Angelique/D-4149-2012 OI Dowton, Mark/0000-0003-3180-2922; FU Australian Research Council [DP0556520]; University of Wollongong Internationalisation Committee [UIC2007]; Australian Academy of Science [RI 146] FX Thank you to Ian Riley and Greg Walker for provision of nematode specimens. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council [DP0556520], the University of Wollongong Internationalisation Committee [UIC2007], and the Australian Academy of Science [RI 146]. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 72 IS 2 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s00239-010-9414-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 740QB UT WOS:000288808400006 PM 21161202 ER PT J AU Vermillion, K Holguin, FO Berhow, MA Richins, RD Redhouse, T O'Connell, MA Posakony, J Mahajan, SS Kelly, SM Simon, JA AF Vermillion, Karl Holguin, F. Omar Berhow, Mark A. Richins, Richard D. Redhouse, Thurman O'Connell, Mary A. Posakony, Jeff Mahajan, Sumit S. Kelly, Sean M. Simon, Julian A. TI Dinoxin B, a Withanolide from Datura inoxia Leaves with Specific Cytotoxic Activities SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID WITHANIA-SOMNIFERA; CELL-LINES; METEL; APOPTOSIS; FLOWERS; GROWTH AB A new withanolide, dinoxin B (12,21-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,5,24-trienolide-27-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 1), was isolated from a methanol extract of Datum inoxia leaves, using bioassay-guided fractionation. The structure was determined by spectroscopic techniques, including (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR experiments as well as by HRMS. Extracts and the purified compound were tested for their antiproliferative activities toward a panel of human normal and cancer cell lines. Dinoxin B,(1) and its aglycone (2) exhibited submicromolar IC(50) values against multiple human cancer cell lines. Among the most sensitive were several breast cancer cell lines. Dinoxin B (1) was found only in D. inoxia and was not detected in D. metel or D. stramonium. The accumulation of this compound was limited largely to leaf tissue, with little to none detected in extracts from the flowers, fruits, roots, or stems of D. inoxia. C1 [Vermillion, Karl; Berhow, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Holguin, F. Omar; Richins, Richard D.; Redhouse, Thurman; O'Connell, Mary A.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Posakony, Jeff; Mahajan, Sumit S.; Kelly, Sean M.; Simon, Julian A.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Simon, Julian A.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Human Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Berhow, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mark.berhow@ars.usda.gov FU New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; NIH [NCI U56 CA96286, U54 CA132383] FX This research was supported in part by the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and NIH grants NCI U56 CA96286 and U54 CA132383. The authors would like to thank S. M. Duval and R. K. Holloway for their technical support, Dr. M. Bowman for his expert advice and guidance in the structure elucidation of dinoxin B, Dr. S. Gordon for performing the IR analysis, and Dr. M. Scian and Dr. W. Atkins at the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, for use of their NMR facility and assistance with the aglycone structure elucidation. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 74 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1021/np1004714 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 725IB UT WOS:000287637300023 PM 21280589 ER PT J AU Pizzolo, F Blom, HJ Choi, SW Girelli, D Guarini, P Martinelli, N Stanzial, AM Corrocher, R Olivieri, O Friso, S AF Pizzolo, Francesca Blom, Henk J. Choi, Sang W. Girelli, Domenico Guarini, Patrizia Martinelli, Nicola Stanzial, Anna Maria Corrocher, Roberto Olivieri, Oliviero Friso, Simonetta TI Folic Acid Effects on S-Adenosylmethionine, S-Adenosylhomocysteine, and DNA Methylation in Patients with Intermediate Hyperhomocysteinemia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE one-carbon metabolism; folic acid supplementation; DNA methylation ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; METHIONINE METABOLISM; VASCULAR-DISEASE; COMMON MUTATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Objective: Folic acid (FA) supplementation decreases homocysteine (tHcy) levels. However, little is known about the effects of FA treatment on DNA methylation or plasma S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) concentrations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FA supplementation on AdoMet, AdoHcy, and genomic DNA methylation in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects without end-stage renal disease. Methods: To evaluate the effects of 5 mg FA/d for 8 weeks, we recruited 7 hyperhomocysteinemic MTHFR677TT patients (tHcy >30 mu mol/L) with normal renal function. Results: FA supplementation induced a decrease in tHcy (from 51.1 +/- 21 at baseline to 26.1 +/- 27 mu mol/L after folate supplementation; p < 0.01). A parallel increase was seen in plasma AdoMet concentrations and the AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio (p < 0.05). However, FA supplementation had no effect on global DNA methylation levels in the present study. Conclusions: Supraphysiologic FA supplementation can modulate biochemical markers in one-carbon metabolism such as tHcy, AdoMet, and the AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects. However, the reduction in homocysteinemia and the increased availability of methyl compounds provided by vitamin supplementation may not be sufficient to affect genomic DNA methylation. C1 [Friso, Simonetta] Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Med, Policlin GB Rossi, I-37134 Verona, Italy. [Blom, Henk J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Clin Chem, Metab Unit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Choi, Sang W.] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Friso, S (reprint author), Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Med, Policlin GB Rossi, Ple LA Scuro 10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. EM simonetta.friso@univr.it RI Martinelli, Nicola/J-5622-2016 OI Martinelli, Nicola/0000-0001-6465-5119 FU Ministry of the University and Scientific and Technological Research; Veneto Region Department of Health; Cariverona Foundation FX This work has been supported by grants from the Ministry of the University and Scientific and Technological Research (O.O.), the Veneto Region Department of Health (O.O.), and Cariverona Foundation (S.F.). NR 47 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 791KK UT WOS:000292663900002 PM 21697534 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Lee, J Bumanlag, LP Balada, EH Brown, EM AF Taylor, M. M. Lee, J. Bumanlag, L. P. Hernandez Balada, E. Brown, E. M. TI TREATMENTS TO ENHANCE PROPERTIES OF CHROME-FREE (WET WHITE) LEATHER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GELATIN; FILLERS; WHEY; TRANSGLUTAMINASE AB Production of chrome-free or wet white leather, predominantly for upholstery leather, is fast approaching that which has been traditionally tanned with chrome. Recycling of auto parts, specifically the car seats, is driving the momentum towards this type of leather. Wet white leathers are sometimes described as being flat, empty, weak and/or having a poor break and subsequently require more filling than conventional chrome-tanned wet blue. Large amounts of resins, polymers, and syntans are generally used in retanning of wet white leather. In recent studies, we addressed the problems of poor leather quality by utilizing fillers produced from enzymatically-modified waste proteins, specifically those proteins from the leather and dairy industry (low quality gelatins and caseins or whey). We demonstrated that these products did indeed fill the leather, were not removed during washing and while not affecting the mechanical properties, did significantly improve subjective properties, such as handle, fullness, break and color. In this present study, we applied enzymatically modified fillers to wet white leather and evaluated it to see if there was an improvement in the subjective properties. Products were prepared, characterized, and then applied to the wet white tanned stock. After treatment, the hides were returned, colored, and fatliquored, mechanical properties were determined and subjective analysis was carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also carried out after treatment. As seen in previous studies, the mechanical properties of the treated wet white leather were not significantly different from controls, but there was an improvement in the subjective properties. The data from analysis of the crust will be presented along with microscopy images. C1 [Taylor, M. M.; Lee, J.; Bumanlag, L. P.; Hernandez Balada, E.; Brown, E. M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hernandez Balada, E.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Chem Engn, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM maryann.taylor@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 106 IS 2 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 716IG UT WOS:000286961700001 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, T Plotto, A Goodner, K Gmitter, FG AF Miyazaki, Takayuki Plotto, Anne Goodner, Kevin Gmitter, Fred G., Jr. TI Distribution of aroma volatile compounds in tangerine hybrids and proposed inheritance SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Citrus reticulata; citrus breeding; aroma volatiles; fruit quality; tangerine; mandarin ID BLANCO-CV-CLEMENTINE; CITRUS-RETICULATA; ORANGE JUICE; PEEL OIL; ODOR COMPONENTS; MANDARIN JUICES; SENSORY QUALITY; CONSTITUENTS; FLAVOR; FRESH AB BACKGROUND:With the desirable combination of sugars and acids, volatile compounds contribute to the essential organoleptic attributes of citrus. This study evaluated the aroma volatiles of 20 tangerine hybrids of the University of Florida breeding program. Volatiles were sampled from hand-squeezed juice by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to find similarities among samples due to volatile composition with effect of genetic background. RESULTS: In total, 203 volatiles were detected in all samples. Volatiles in lower amounts were widely distributed among samples and were classified mainly as terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, such as aldehydes, esters, alcohols and ketones. PC A, based on relative peak areas (content) clearly separated the samples higher in volatile content, mainly those with sweet orange genetic contributions in their background. CA, based on volatile presence/absence, grouped samples into five clusters, each showing distinctive volatile profiles. CONCLUSION: The genetic background of tangerine hybrids affected volatile composition and content of samples. In general, tangerines were characterized by fewer volatiles (in both quality and quantity) and more aldehydes, and hybrids with sweet orange in their background had more sesquiterpenes and esters, which would likely affect their aroma. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Plotto, Anne] ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Miyazaki, Takayuki; Gmitter, Fred G., Jr.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Goodner, Kevin] Sensus LLC, Hamilton, OH 45011 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM plotto@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 91 IS 3 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4205 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 716EN UT WOS:000286952000008 PM 21218478 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ AF Augustine, David J. TI Habitat Selection by Mountain Plovers in Shortgrass Steppe SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance regimes; grassland; grazing; plague; prescribed fire; rangeland management; resource selection ID PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES; CHARADRIUS-MONTANUS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; BURROWING OWL; GREAT-PLAINS; PLAGUE; COLORADO; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL AB Much of the breeding range for the mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) occurs in shortgrass steppe and mixed-grass prairie in the western Great Plains of North America. Studies of mountain plovers in shortgrass steppe during the 1970s and 1990s were focused in Weld County, Colorado, which was considered a key breeding area for the species. These studies, however, did not include habitats influenced by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) or prescribed fire. The role of these 2 rangeland disturbance processes has increased substantially over the past 15 years. During 2008-2009, I used radial distance point count surveys to estimate mountain plover densities early in the nesting season in 4 habitats on public lands in Weld County, Colorado. All 4 habitats were grazed by cattle during the growing season at moderate stocking rates but had different additional disturbances consisting of 1) dormant-season prescribed burns, 2) active black-tailed prairie dog colonies, 3) black-tailed prairie dog colonies affected by epizootic plague in the past 1-2 years, and 4) rangeland with no recent history of fire or prairie dogs. Mountain plover densities were similar on active black-tailed prairie dog colonies ((X) over bar = 6.8 birds/km(2), 95% CI = 4.3-10.6) and prescribed burns ((X) over bar = 5.6 birds/km(2), 95% CI = 3.5-9.1). In contrast, no plovers were detected at randomly selected rangeland sites grazed by cattle but lacking recent disturbance by prairie dogs or fire, even though survey effort was highest for this rangeland habitat. Mountain plover densities were intermediate (2.0 birds/km(2), 95% CI = 0.8-5.0) on sites where black-tailed prairie dogs had recently been extirpated by plague. These findings suggest that prescribed burns and active black-tailed prairie dog colonies may enhance breeding habitat for mountain plovers in shortgrass steppe and illustrate the potential for suppressed or altered disturbance processes to influence habitat availability for declining wildlife species. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society(dagger) C1 ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture's-Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation [DEB 0217631, 0823405] FX Funding for this study was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture's-Agricultural Research Service. I thank P. McCusker for his dedication in conducting field surveys, B. Humphrey for facilitating our surveys on PNG, and F. Knopf for helpful advice on surveying for mountain plovers. I thank J. Sidle, V. Dreitz, J. Derner, D. I. King, and 2 anonymous reviewers, for reviews that improved the manuscript, and J. Derner for helpful discussions on study design and logistical support. I thank C. Armstrong, J. White, and F. Knopf for information on the prescribed burning program and N. Clark and R. Reichert for information on the grazing program on PNG. I thank M. Ball, E. Humphrey, M. Antolin, and the Shortgrass Steppe Long-term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0217631 and 0823405) for information on prairie dog colony area and distribution on PNG. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1002/jwmg.57 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 752EA UT WOS:000289670800006 ER PT J AU Haramis, GM White, TS AF Haramis, G. Michael White, Timothy S. TI A beaded collar for dual micro GPS/VHF transmitter attachment to nutria SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE GPS collar; Myocastor coypus; nutria; radio telemetry; wildlife tracking ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; KETAMINE-HYDROCHLORIDE; XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE; MYOCASTOR-COYPUS; IMMOBILIZATION; RATES; TELEMETRY AB We report on the development of an approximately 85-g beaded collar for dual micro GPS/VHF transmitter attachment to semi-aquatic nutria (Myocastor coypus). Prototype collars were tested on captive nutria and refined during field trials. Central to the design was novel use of the VHF transmitter antenna as a collar. A circular collar was formed by passing the 44-cm antenna cable through a pre-made hole in the transmitter, leaving an approximately 16-cm upright antenna. GPS units were mounted separately via a hole in the base of each unit. For good satellite contact, GPS units (similar to 28 g) were maintained at the nape of the neck by counterbalance of the heavier VHF transmitters (similar to 50 g) positioned under the neck. To reduce friction, we lined the collar with alternate-sized plastic and, later, more durable nylon beads. The final collar configuration was worn for approximately 1 month deployments with only minor neck abrasion; one collar was worn successfully for 5 months. Foot entanglement remained the greatest risk of injury from the collar. By fitting collars tightly, we reduced the incidence of foot entanglement to 2 of 33 deployments (6%). Successful GPS tracks were acquired on 29 of 33 deployments (88%). C1 [Haramis, G. Michael] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [White, Timothy S.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Haramis, GM (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, C-O BARC E Bldg 308,Rm 225,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mharamis@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Special thanks are extended to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial support and to S. Kendrot and trapping personnel of the USDA-APHIS Maryland Nutria Eradication Project for assistance in recovering collared nutria in Maryland marshes. Additional thanks are extended to B. Freske and J. Fringeli of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and C. Olfenbuttel of North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission for supporting our work with nutria at Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge. P. Brennand, J. Jones, J. Miller, and T. Wilson provided additional valuable field assistance. G. Heinz and M. Perry made helpful editorial comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PD FEB PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1515/MAMM.2010.070 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 780TO UT WOS:000291882300010 ER PT J AU Liu, GE Brown, T Hebert, DA Cardone, MF Hou, YL Choudhary, RK Shaffer, J Amazu, C Connor, EE Ventura, M Gasbarre, LC AF Liu, George E. Brown, Twain Hebert, Deborah A. Cardone, Maria Francesca Hou, Yali Choudhary, Ratan K. Shaffer, Jessica Amazu, Chinwendu Connor, Erin E. Ventura, Mario Gasbarre, Louis C. TI Initial analysis of copy number variations in cattle selected for resistance or susceptibility to intestinal nematodes SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID ZINC-FINGER GENE; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; EXPRESSION; GENOME; SHEEP; GUT; DISEASES; PROTEIN AB Genomic structural variation is an important and abundant source of genetic and phenotypic variation. We report an initial analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) in cattle selected for resistance or susceptibility to intestinal nematodes. We performed three array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments to compare Angus cattle with extreme phenotypes for fecal egg count and serum pepsinogen level. We identified 20 CNVs in total, of which 12 were within known chromosomes harboring or adjacent to gains or losses. About 85% of the CNV identified (17/20) overlapped with cattle CNV regions that were reported recently. Selected CNVs were further validated by independent methods using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and FISH. Pathway analyses indicated that annotated cattle genes within these variable regions are particularly enriched for immune function affecting receptor activities, signal transduction, and transcription. Analysis of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) within the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes suggested that common transcription factors are probably involved in parasite resistance. These results provide valuable hypotheses for the future study of cattle CNVs underling economically important health and production traits. C1 [Liu, George E.; Brown, Twain; Hebert, Deborah A.; Hou, Yali; Choudhary, Ratan K.; Shaffer, Jessica; Amazu, Chinwendu; Connor, Erin E.; Gasbarre, Louis C.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cardone, Maria Francesca; Ventura, Mario] Univ Bari, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Hou, Yali; Choudhary, Ratan K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 200,Room 124B,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Liu@ars.usda.gov RI Ventura, Mario/E-6420-2011; Cardone, Maria Francesca/G-8818-2012 OI Ventura, Mario/0000-0001-7762-8777; Cardone, Maria Francesca/0000-0002-7597-7313 FU USDA CSREES (now NIFA) [2007-35205-17869] FX We thank J. Castano for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by NRI grant No. 2007-35205-17869 from USDA CSREES (now NIFA). NR 37 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s00335-010-9308-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 711UG UT WOS:000286616300011 PM 21125402 ER PT J AU Wei, YP Ryan, GT Flores-Mireles, AL Costa, ED Schneider, DJ Winans, SC AF Wei, Yuping Ryan, Gina T. Flores-Mireles, Ana L. Costa, Esther D. Schneider, David J. Winans, Stephen C. TI Saturation mutagenesis of a CepR binding site as a means to identify new quorum-regulated promoters in Burkholderia cenocepacia SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS PATIENTS; CEPACIA COMPLEX; SENSING SYSTEM; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; DNA-BINDING; IN-VITRO; SP-NOV; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA AB P>Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen of humans that encodes two genes that resemble the acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene luxI of Vibrio fischeri and three genes that resemble the acylhomoserine lactone receptor gene luxR. Of these, CepI synthesizes octanoylhomoserine lactone (OHL), while CepR is an OHL-dependent transcription factor. In the current study we developed a strategy to identify genes that are directly regulated by CepR. We systematically altered a CepR binding site (cep box) upstream of a target promoter to identify nucleotides that are essential for CepR activity in vivo and for CepR binding in vitro. We constructed 34 self-complementary oligonucleotides containing altered cep boxes, and measured binding affinity for each. These experiments allowed us to identify a consensus CepR binding site. Several hundred similar sequences were identified, some of which were adjacent to probable promoters. Several such promoters were fused to a reporter gene with and without intact cep boxes. This allowed us to identify four new regulated promoters that were induced by OHL, and that required a cep box for induction. CepR-dependent, OHL-dependent expression of all four promoters was reconstituted in Escherichia coli. Purified CepR bound to each of these sites in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. C1 [Wei, Yuping; Ryan, Gina T.; Flores-Mireles, Ana L.; Costa, Esther D.; Winans, Stephen C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schneider, David J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schneider, David J.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Winans, SC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM scw2@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 FU NIGMS [GM042893] FX We thank the members of our lab for helpful discussions and critical review of this manuscript. We also thank Anatol Eberhard for providing acylhomoserine lactones. This study was supported by a grant from the NIGMS (GM042893). NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X EI 1365-2958 J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 79 IS 3 BP 616 EP 632 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07469.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 710OU UT WOS:000286521900007 PM 21255107 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Replogle, A Hussey, R Baum, T Wang, XH Davis, EL Mitchum, MG AF Wang, Jianying Replogle, Amy Hussey, Richard Baum, Thomas Wang, Xiaohong Davis, Eric L. Mitchum, Melissa G. TI Identification of potential host plant mimics of CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-like peptides from the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-FUNCTION PHENOTYPES; CLE PEPTIDES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ROOT-MERISTEM; GENES; PROTEINS; GLYCINES; PATHWAY; ROLES; CLV3 AB P>In this article, we present the cloning of two CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-like genes, HsCLE1 and HsCLE2, from the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, a plant-parasitic cyst nematode with a relatively broad host range that includes the model plant Arabidopsis. CLEs are small secreted peptide ligands that play important roles in plant growth and development. By secreting peptide mimics of plant CLEs, the nematode can developmentally reprogramme root cells for the formation of unique feeding sites within host roots for its own benefit. Both HsCLE1 and HsCLE2 encode small secreted polypeptides with a conserved C-terminal CLE domain sharing highest similarity to Arabidopsis CLEs 1-7. Moreover, HsCLE2 contains a 12-amino-acid CLE motif that is identical to AtCLE5 and AtCLE6. Like all other plant and nematode CLEs identified to date, HsCLEs caused wuschel-like phenotypes when overexpressed in Arabidopsis, and this activity was abolished when the proteins were expressed without the CLE motif. HsCLEs could also function in planta without a signal peptide, highlighting the unique, yet conserved function of nematode CLE variable domains in trafficking CLE peptides for secretion. In a direct comparison of HsCLE2 overexpression phenotypes with those of AtCLE5 and AtCLE6, similar shoot and root phenotypes were observed. Exogenous application of 12-amino-acid synthetic peptides corresponding to the CLE motifs of HsCLEs and AtCLE5/6 suggests that the function of this class of CLEs may be subject to complex endogenous regulation. When seedlings were grown on high concentrations of peptide (10 mu m), root growth was suppressed; however, when seedlings were grown on low concentrations of peptide (0.1 mu m), root growth was stimulated. Together, these findings indicate that AtCLEs1-7 may be the target peptides mimicked by HsCLEs to promote parasitism. C1 [Wang, Jianying; Replogle, Amy; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Jianying; Replogle, Amy; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hussey, Richard] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Baum, Thomas] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Davis, Eric L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mitchum, MG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM goellnerm@missouri.edu OI Replogle, Amy/0000-0002-5880-1308 FU USDA-NRI [2007-35607-17790, 2009-35302-05304, 2006-35607-16601]; MU Life Sciences Fellowship; USDA [2008-34113-19420] FX The authors would like to thank Robert Heinz for the maintenance of the nematode cultures, Esteban Fernandez for help with imaging, Pat Edger for assistance with the phylogenetic analysis and Walter Gassmann for the pMD1 vector. This work was supported by the USDA-NRI Competitive Grants Program (grant nos. 2007-35607-17790 and 2009-35302-05304 to MGM and XW, and grant no. 2006-35607-16601 to ELD and MGM), a USDA Special Grant (grant no. 2008-34113-19420) to MGM, and an MU Life Sciences Fellowship to AR. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00660.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 702FU UT WOS:000285880800006 PM 21199567 ER PT J AU Parresol, BR AF Parresol, Bernard R. TI DERIVATION OF TWO WELL-BEHAVED THEORETICAL CONTAGION INDICES AND THEIR SAMPLING PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION FOR ASSESSING FOREST LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Concentration; delta method; entropy; expected value; forest cover types; geometric distribution; physiographic provinces; simulated landscapes ID UNITED-STATES; PATTERN; VALLEY; COVER; AREA AB Studies of spatial patterns of landscapes are useful to quantify human impact, predict wildlife effects, or describe variability of landscape features. A common approach to identify and quantify landscape structure is with a landscape scale model known as a contagion index. A contagion index quantifies two distinct components of landscape diversity: composition and configuration. Some landscape ecologists promote the use of relative contagion indices. It is demonstrated that relativized contagion indices are mathematically untenable. Two new theoretical contagion indices, Gamma(1) and Gamma(2), are derived using a mean value approach (i.e., statistical expected value) instead of entropy. Behavior of Gamma(1) and Gamma(2) was investigated with simulated random, uniform, and aggregated landscapes. They are shown to be well-behaved and sensitive to composition and configuration. Distributional properties of (Gamma) over cap (1) and (Gamma) over cap (2) are derived. They are shown to be asymptotically unbiased, consistent, and asymptotically normally distributed. Variance formulas for (Gamma) over cap (1) and (Gamma) over cap (2) are developed using the delta method. The new index models are used to examine landscape diversity on three physiographic provinces in Alabama by analyzing the pattern and changes in forest cover types over the recent past. In comparing (Gamma) over cap (1) and (Gamma) over cap (2), use of (Gamma) over cap (1) in analysis of variance gave a more conservative test of contagion. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Parresol, BR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM bparresol@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0890-8575 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 61 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00083.x PG 41 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 714WJ UT WOS:000286839400003 ER PT J AU Rouxel, T Grandaubert, J Hane, JK Hoede, C van de Wouw, AP Couloux, A Dominguez, V Anthouard, V Bally, P Bourras, S Cozijnsen, AJ Ciuffetti, LM Degrave, A Dilmaghani, A Duret, L Fudal, I Goodwin, SB Gout, L Glaser, N Linglin, J Kema, GHJ Lapalu, N Lawrence, CB May, K Meyer, M Ollivier, B Poulain, J Schoch, CL Simon, A Spatafora, JW Stachowiak, A Turgeon, BG Tyler, BM Vincent, D Weissenbach, J Amselem, J Quesneville, H Oliver, RP Wincker, P Balesdent, MH Howlett, BJ AF Rouxel, Thierry Grandaubert, Jonathan Hane, James K. Hoede, Claire van de Wouw, Angela P. Couloux, Arnaud Dominguez, Victoria Anthouard, Veronique Bally, Pascal Bourras, Salim Cozijnsen, Anton J. Ciuffetti, Lynda M. Degrave, Alexandre Dilmaghani, Azita Duret, Laurent Fudal, Isabelle Goodwin, Stephen B. Gout, Lilian Glaser, Nicolas Linglin, Juliette Kema, Gert H. J. Lapalu, Nicolas Lawrence, Christopher B. May, Kim Meyer, Michel Ollivier, Benedicte Poulain, Julie Schoch, Conrad L. Simon, Adeline Spatafora, Joseph W. Stachowiak, Anna Turgeon, B. Gillian Tyler, Brett M. Vincent, Delphine Weissenbach, Jean Amselem, Joelle Quesneville, Hadi Oliver, Richard P. Wincker, Patrick Balesdent, Marie-Helene Howlett, Barbara J. TI Effector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutations SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PATHOGEN EFFECTORS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; GENE-TRANSFER; OILSEED RAPE; STEM CANKER; AVIRULENCE; PLANT; FUNGAL AB Fungi are of primary ecological, biotechnological and economic importance. Many fundamental biological processes that are shared by animals and fungi are studied in fungi due to their experimental tractability. Many fungi are pathogens or mutualists and are model systems to analyse effector genes and their mechanisms of diversification. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans and characterize its repertoire of protein effectors. The L. maculans genome has an unusual bipartite structure with alternating distinct guanine and cytosine-equilibrated and adenine and thymine (AT)-rich blocks of homogenous nucleotide composition. The AT-rich blocks comprise one-third of the genome and contain effector genes and families of transposable elements, both of which are affected by repeat-induced point mutation, a fungal-specific genome defence mechanism. This genomic environment for effectors promotes rapid sequence diversification and underpins the evolutionary potential of the fungus to adapt rapidly to novel host-derived constraints. C1 [Rouxel, Thierry; Grandaubert, Jonathan; Bally, Pascal; Bourras, Salim; Degrave, Alexandre; Dilmaghani, Azita; Fudal, Isabelle; Gout, Lilian; Glaser, Nicolas; Linglin, Juliette; Meyer, Michel; Ollivier, Benedicte; Simon, Adeline; Balesdent, Marie-Helene] INRA Bioger, UR1290, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Hane, James K.] Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Hoede, Claire; Dominguez, Victoria; Lapalu, Nicolas; Amselem, Joelle; Quesneville, Hadi] INRA URGI, F-78026 Versailles, France. [van de Wouw, Angela P.; Cozijnsen, Anton J.; May, Kim; Howlett, Barbara J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Couloux, Arnaud; Anthouard, Veronique; Poulain, Julie; Weissenbach, Jean] Inst Genom CEA DSV, GENOSCOPE, Ctr Natl Sequencage, F-91057 Evry, France. [Ciuffetti, Lynda M.; Spatafora, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Duret, Laurent] Univ Lyon 1, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kema, Gert H. J.] Wageningen UR, Dept Biointeract & Plant Hlth, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Lawrence, Christopher B.; Tyler, Brett M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Schoch, Conrad L.] NIH NLM NCBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Stachowiak, Anna] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Plant Genet, PL-60479 Poznan, Poland. [Turgeon, B. Gillian] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vincent, Delphine] INRA, BIOGECO UMR1202, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Oliver, Richard P.] Curtin Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Rouxel, T (reprint author), INRA Bioger, UR1290, Ave Lucien Bretignieres,BP 01, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. EM rouxel@versailles.inra.fr RI Vincent, Delphine/C-6664-2011; Schoch, Conrad/J-4825-2012; Hane, James/A-7062-2011; Dilmaghani, Azita/G-3889-2015; OI Hane, James/0000-0002-7651-0977; Dilmaghani, Azita/0000-0001-6556-8332; Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729; Duret, Laurent/0000-0003-2836-3463 FU Marc-Henri Lebrun (INRA-Bioger); Francis Martin (INRA, Interactions arbres/micro-organismes, Champenoux, France); Genoscope, Institut de Genomique, CEA, France; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-GPLA-051G]; ANR [ANR-06-BLAN-0399, ANR-07-GPLA-015]; Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation; NIH, National Library of Medicine; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0717476, IOS-0924861]; 'Dothideomycete' community; INRA-SPE department; 'Leptosphaeria maculans' scientific and applied community FX We acknowledge Marc-Henri Lebrun (INRA-Bioger) and Francis Martin (INRA, Interactions arbres/micro-organismes, Champenoux, France) for support and advice. The genome sequencing of L. maculans was funded by the Genoscope, Institut de Genomique, CEA, France. The establishment of databases and interfaces was funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (GnpAnnot project; ANR-07-GPLA-051G). Wholegenome effector analysis was funded by ANR (FungEffector project; ANR-06-BLAN-0399). Recombination analysis and P.B. were funded by ANR (AvirLep project; ANR-07-GPLA-015). B.J.H and R.P.O. thank the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation for funding. C.L.S was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine. J.W.S acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant number DEB-0717476. B.M.T. was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant number IOS-0924861. Thanks are due to INRA-SPE department, the 'Leptosphaeria maculans' scientific and applied community, and the 'Dothideomycete' community for support of the L. maculans genome initiative. NR 59 TC 143 Z9 163 U1 6 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 2 DI 10.1038/ncomms1189 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732YP UT WOS:000288225900031 PM 21326234 ER PT J AU Shulaev, V Sargent, DJ Crowhurst, RN Mockler, TC Folkerts, O Delcher, AL Jaiswal, P Mockaitis, K Liston, A Mane, SP Burns, P Davis, TM Slovin, JP Bassil, N Hellens, RP Evans, C Harkins, T Kodira, C Desany, B Crasta, OR Jensen, RV Allan, AC Michael, TP Setubal, JC Celton, JM Rees, DJG Williams, KP Holt, SH Rojas, JJR Chatterjee, M Liu, B Silva, H Meisel, L Adato, A Filichkin, SA Troggio, M Viola, R Ashman, TL Wang, H Dharmawardhana, P Elser, J Raja, R Priest, HD Bryant, DW Fox, SE Givan, SA Wilhelm, LJ Naithani, S Christoffels, A Salama, DY Carter, J Girona, EL Zdepski, A Wang, WQ Kerstetter, RA Schwab, W Korban, SS Davik, J Monfort, A Denoyes-Rothan, B Arus, P Mittler, R Flinn, B Aharoni, A Bennetzen, JL Salzberg, SL Dickerman, AW Velasco, R Borodovsky, M Veilleux, RE Folta, KM AF Shulaev, Vladimir Sargent, Daniel J. Crowhurst, Ross N. Mockler, Todd C. Folkerts, Otto Delcher, Arthur L. Jaiswal, Pankaj Mockaitis, Keithanne Liston, Aaron Mane, Shrinivasrao P. Burns, Paul Davis, Thomas M. Slovin, Janet P. Bassil, Nahla Hellens, Roger P. Evans, Clive Harkins, Tim Kodira, Chinnappa Desany, Brian Crasta, Oswald R. Jensen, Roderick V. Allan, Andrew C. Michael, Todd P. Setubal, Joao Carlos Celton, Jean-Marc Rees, D. Jasper G. Williams, Kelly P. Holt, Sarah H. Rojas, Juan Jairo Ruiz Chatterjee, Mithu Liu, Bo Silva, Herman Meisel, Lee Adato, Avital Filichkin, Sergei A. Troggio, Michela Viola, Roberto Ashman, Tia-Lynn Wang, Hao Dharmawardhana, Palitha Elser, Justin Raja, Rajani Priest, Henry D. Bryant, Douglas W., Jr. Fox, Samuel E. Givan, Scott A. Wilhelm, Larry J. Naithani, Sushma Christoffels, Alan Salama, David Y. Carter, Jade Girona, Elena Lopez Zdepski, Anna Wang, Wenqin Kerstetter, Randall A. Schwab, Wilfried Korban, Schuyler S. Davik, Jahn Monfort, Amparo Denoyes-Rothan, Beatrice Arus, Pere Mittler, Ron Flinn, Barry Aharoni, Asaph Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. Salzberg, Steven L. Dickerman, Allan W. Velasco, Riccardo Borodovsky, Mark Veilleux, Richard E. Folta, Kevin M. TI The genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; DIPLOID STRAWBERRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; ALIGNMENT; PROTEINS; ROSACEAE; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION AB The woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca (2n = 2x = 14), is a versatile experimental plant system. This diminutive herbaceous perennial has a small genome (240 Mb), is amenable to genetic transformation and shares substantial sequence identity with the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and other economically important rosaceous plants. Here we report the draft F. vesca genome, which was sequenced to x39 coverage using second-generation technology, assembled de novo and then anchored to the genetic linkage map into seven pseudochromosomes. This diploid strawberry sequence lacks the large genome duplications seen in other rosids. Gene prediction modeling identified 34,809 genes, with most being supported by transcriptome mapping. Genes critical to valuable horticultural traits including flavor, nutritional value and flowering time were identified. Macrosyntenic relationships between Fragaria and Prunus predict a hypothetical ancestral Rosaceae genome that had nine chromosomes. New phylogenetic analysis of 154 protein-coding genes suggests that assignment of Populus to Malvidae, rather than Fabidae, is warranted. C1 [Chatterjee, Mithu; Salama, David Y.; Folta, Kevin M.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shulaev, Vladimir; Mittler, Ron] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Crowhurst, Ross N.; Hellens, Roger P.; Allan, Andrew C.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd Plant & Foo, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. [Mockler, Todd C.; Jaiswal, Pankaj; Liston, Aaron; Filichkin, Sergei A.; Dharmawardhana, Palitha; Elser, Justin; Raja, Rajani; Priest, Henry D.; Bryant, Douglas W., Jr.; Fox, Samuel E.; Givan, Scott A.; Wilhelm, Larry J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mockler, Todd C.; Filichkin, Sergei A.; Priest, Henry D.; Bryant, Douglas W., Jr.; Fox, Samuel E.; Givan, Scott A.; Wilhelm, Larry J.] Oregon State Univ, CGRB, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Folkerts, Otto; Crasta, Oswald R.] Chromatin Inc, Champaign, IL USA. [Delcher, Arthur L.; Salzberg, Steven L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mockaitis, Keithanne; Carter, Jade] Indiana Univ, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Bloomington, IN USA. [Mane, Shrinivasrao P.; Evans, Clive; Setubal, Joao Carlos; Williams, Kelly P.; Dickerman, Allan W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Burns, Paul; Borodovsky, Mark] Joint Georgia Tech & Emory Wallace H Coulter Dept, Atlanta, GA USA. [Davis, Thomas M.; Liu, Bo] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Slovin, Janet P.] ARS, USDA, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Bassil, Nahla] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Harkins, Tim; Kodira, Chinnappa; Desany, Brian] Roche Appl Sci, Roche Diagnost, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Jensen, Roderick V.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Allan, Andrew C.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Michael, Todd P.; Zdepski, Anna; Wang, Wenqin; Kerstetter, Randall A.] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst Microbiol, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Setubal, Joao Carlos] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Celton, Jean-Marc; Rees, D. Jasper G.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Holt, Sarah H.; Rojas, Juan Jairo Ruiz; Veilleux, Richard E.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Holt, Sarah H.; Flinn, Barry] Inst Adv Learning & Res, Inst Sustainable & Renewable Resources, Danville, PA USA. [Chatterjee, Mithu; Folta, Kevin M.] Univ Florida, Grad Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Silva, Herman] Univ Chile, Fac Agron, Santiago, Chile. [Meisel, Lee; Aharoni, Asaph] Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ciencias Biol, Ctr Biotecnol Vegetal, Santiago, Chile. [Adato, Avital] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Troggio, Michela; Viola, Roberto; Velasco, Riccardo] Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, IASMA, San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Ashman, Tia-Lynn] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wang, Hao; Bennetzen, Jeffrey L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Naithani, Sushma] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Christoffels, Alan] Univ Western Cape, S African Natl Bioinformat Inst, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Schwab, Wilfried] Tech Univ Munich, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Davik, Jahn] Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, Kvithamar, Stjordal, Norway. [Monfort, Amparo; Arus, Pere] IRTA, Barcelona, Spain. [Monfort, Amparo; Arus, Pere] Ctr Recerca Agrigenom CSIC IRTA UAB, Barcelona, Spain. [Denoyes-Rothan, Beatrice] INRA, UREF, Villenave Dornon, France. [Borodovsky, Mark] Georgia Tech, Sch Computat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Folta, KM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kfolta@ufl.edu RI Velasco, Riccardo/G-8710-2011; Monfort, Amparo/K-1356-2015; Setubal, Joao/C-7305-2012; viola, roberto/D-2277-2010; Meisel, Lee/C-3864-2008; Meisel, Lee/J-6755-2012; Oncogenomica, Inct/H-9999-2013; Rees, Jasper/D-9672-2011; Sargent, Daniel/A-2933-2014; Wang, Hao/C-7651-2009; Christoffels, Alan/C-3269-2014; Arus, Pere/F-6443-2015; Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013; Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; Allan, Andrew/L-3253-2016; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011; Lopez-Girona, Elena/Q-4822-2016; Silva, Herman/C-7252-2012; OI Monfort, Amparo/0000-0001-7106-7745; Setubal, Joao/0000-0001-9174-2816; Meisel, Lee/0000-0002-4806-6864; Rees, Jasper/0000-0003-3321-1325; Sargent, Daniel/0000-0002-6686-7147; Wang, Hao/0000-0002-9634-8778; Christoffels, Alan/0000-0002-0420-2916; Arus, Pere/0000-0003-0939-8038; Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775; Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Allan, Andrew/0000-0003-1944-7067; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Lopez-Girona, Elena/0000-0003-0376-6135; Silva, Herman/0000-0003-1007-7442; Michael, Todd/0000-0001-6272-2875; Hellens, Roger/0000-0003-2094-0887; Celton, Jean-Marc/0000-0002-1452-4812; Denoyes, Beatrice/0000-0002-0369-9609; Givan, Scott/0000-0002-0630-8589; Viola, Roberto/0000-0002-8202-8503; Wang, Wenqin/0000-0001-6427-6338 FU Roche; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Dean for Research; University of Florida Strawberry Breeding Program; Province of Trento, Italy; Driscoll's Strawberry Associates; United States Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (USDA/CSREES) [VA-135816]; Rutgers Busch Biomedical Funding; East Malling Trust (EMT); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Oregon State Agricultural Research Foundation [ARF4435]; Oregon State Computational and Genome Biology Initiative; Oregon State University; Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics; METACyt Initiative of Indiana University; US National Institutes of Health [HG00783]; USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative (NRI) [2008-35300-04411]; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Project [NH00535]; USDA/ARS CRIS [1275-21000-180-01R] FX This work was supported by Roche and 454 Sequencing; the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Dean for Research; the University of Florida Strawberry Breeding Program; The Province of Trento, Italy (to R. V.); Driscoll's Strawberry Associates; United States Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (USDA/CSREES) Hatch Project VA-135816 (to B. F.); Rutgers Busch Biomedical Funding (to T. P. M.); East Malling Trust (EMT) and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (to D.J.S. and E. L. G.); the Oregon State Agricultural Research Foundation #ARF4435 (to T. C. M.); the Oregon State Computational and Genome Biology Initiative (to T. C. M.); Oregon State University start-up fund (to P.J.); the Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, supported in part by the METACyt Initiative of Indiana University (to K. M.); US National Institutes of Health (grant HG00783; to M. B.); USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative (NRI) Plant Genome Grant 2008-35300-04411 and New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Project NH00535 (to T. M. D.); and USDA/ARS CRIS #1275-21000-180-01R (to J.P.S.). NR 61 TC 416 Z9 447 U1 17 U2 152 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1038/ng.740 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 711XD UT WOS:000286623800007 PM 21186353 ER PT J AU Tian, F Bradbury, PJ Brown, PJ Hung, H Sun, Q Flint-Garcia, S Rocheford, TR McMullen, MD Holland, JB Buckler, ES AF Tian, Feng Bradbury, Peter J. Brown, Patrick J. Hung, Hsiaoyi Sun, Qi Flint-Garcia, Sherry Rocheford, Torbert R. McMullen, Michael D. Holland, James B. Buckler, Edward S. TI Genome-wide association study of leaf architecture in the maize nested association mapping population SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS STOCK MICE; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; FLOWERING-TIME; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; TRAITS; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SELECTION; ENHANCER AB US maize yield has increased eight-fold in the past 80 years, with half of the gain attributed to selection by breeders. During this time, changes in maize leaf angle and size have altered plant architecture, allowing more efficient light capture as planting density has increased. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the maize nested association mapping panel, we determined the genetic basis of important leaf architecture traits and identified some of the key genes. Overall, we demonstrate that the genetic architecture of the leaf traits is dominated by small effects, with little epistasis, environmental interaction or pleiotropy. In particular, GWAS results show that variations at the liguleless genes have contributed to more upright leaves. These results demonstrate that the use of GWAS with specially designed mapping populations is effective in uncovering the basis of key agronomic traits. C1 [Tian, Feng; Brown, Patrick J.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bradbury, Peter J.; Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brown, Patrick J.; Rocheford, Torbert R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hung, Hsiaoyi; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sun, Qi] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry; McMullen, Michael D.] USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry; McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Rocheford, Torbert R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Urbana, IL USA. [Holland, James B.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU US National Science Foundation [DBI-0820619, 0321467, 0703908, 0638566]; USDA-ARS FX We thank L. Rigamer Lirette and S. Myles for editing the manuscript. This work was supported by US National Science Foundation grants (DBI-0820619, 0321467, 0703908 and 0638566) and USDA-ARS. NR 36 TC 315 Z9 342 U1 21 U2 168 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 159 EP U113 DI 10.1038/ng.746 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 711XD UT WOS:000286623800016 PM 21217756 ER PT J AU Kump, KL Bradbury, PJ Wisser, RJ Buckler, ES Belcher, AR Oropeza-Rosas, MA Zwonitzer, JC Kresovich, S McMullen, MD Ware, D Balint-Kurti, PJ Holland, JB AF Kump, Kristen L. Bradbury, Peter J. Wisser, Randall J. Buckler, Edward S. Belcher, Araby R. Oropeza-Rosas, Marco A. Zwonitzer, John C. Kresovich, Stephen McMullen, Michael D. Ware, Doreen Balint-Kurti, Peter J. Holland, James B. TI Genome-wide association study of quantitative resistance to southern leaf blight in the maize nested association mapping population SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INBRED LINE POPULATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; DEFENSE-RESPONSE; ARABIDOPSIS NPR1; PROTEIN-KINASES; FLOWERING TIME AB Nested association mapping (NAM) offers power to resolve complex, quantitative traits to their causal loci. The maize NAM population, consisting of 5,000 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from 25 families representing the global diversity of maize, was evaluated for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) disease. Joint-linkage analysis identified 32 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with predominantly small, additive effects on SLB resistance. Genome-wide association tests of maize HapMap SNPs were conducted by imputing founder SNP genotypes onto the NAM RILs. SNPs both within and outside of QTL intervals were associated with variation for SLB resistance. Many of these SNPs were within or near sequences homologous to genes previously shown to be involved in plant disease resistance. Limited linkage disequilibrium was observed around some SNPs associated with SLB resistance, indicating that the maize NAM population enables high-resolution mapping of some genome regions. C1 [Kump, Kristen L.; Oropeza-Rosas, Marco A.; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bradbury, Peter J.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bradbury, Peter J.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bradbury, Peter J.; Buckler, Edward S.; Kresovich, Stephen; Ware, Doreen] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wisser, Randall J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Belcher, Araby R.; Zwonitzer, John C.; Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter J.; Holland, James B.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jim.holland@ars.usda.gov OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X FU US National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, IOS-0820619]; USDA-ARS; Pioneer Hi-Bred International FX We thank M. Eller, D. Rhyne, D. Stephens, G. Van Esbroek, C. Herring and the staffs of the North Carolina Central Crops Research Station and 27 Farms, Homestead, Florida, USA, for assistance in the field. We also thank J. Green and C.-R. Shyu for providing the photographs for Supplementary Figure 1. This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation (DBI-0321467 and IOS-0820619) and funds were provided by USDA-ARS. K.L.K. is supported by Pioneer Hi-Bred International. NR 55 TC 204 Z9 219 U1 10 U2 130 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 163 EP U120 DI 10.1038/ng.747 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 711XD UT WOS:000286623800017 PM 21217757 ER PT J AU Aldrich, ND Reicks, MM Sibley, SD Redmon, JB Thomas, W Raatz, SK AF Aldrich, Noel D. Reicks, Marla M. Sibley, Shalamar D. Redmon, J. Bruce Thomas, William Raatz, Susan K. TI Varying protein source and quantity do not significantly improve weight loss, fat loss, or satiety in reduced energy diets among midlife adults SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adults; Fat loss; Weight loss; Whey protein; Satiety; Resting energy expenditure ID CONVERTING ENZYME-ACTIVITY; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BODY-COMPOSITION; FERMENTED MILK; WHEY-PROTEIN; HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS; OBESE ADULTS; WOMEN; GLUCOSE AB We hypothesized that a whey protein diet would result in greater weight loss and improved body composition compared with standard weight loss diets. Weight change, body composition, and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system activity in midlife adults were compared between diet groups. Eighteen subjects enrolled in a 5-month study of 8-week controlled food intake followed by 12-weeks ad libitum intake. Subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: control diet (CD) (55% carbohydrate/15% protein/30% fat), mixed protein (40% carbohydrate/30% protein/30% fat), or whey protein (WP) (40% carbohydrate/15% mixed protein/15% whey protein/30% fat). Measurements included weight, metabolic measures, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and resting energy expenditure. No statistically significant differences in total weight loss or total fat loss were observed between treatments; however, a trend toward greater total weight loss (P =.08) and total fat loss (P =.09) was observed in the WP group compared with the CD group. Fat loss in the leg and gynoid regions was greater (P < .05) in the WP group than the CD group. No renin-angiotensin aldosterone system mediated response was observed, but a decrease in systolic blood pressure was significantly greater (P <.05) in the WP group compared with the CD group. In summary, increased whey protein intake did not result in statistically significant differences in weight loss or in total fat loss, but significant differences in regional fat loss and in decreased blood pressure were observed in the WP group. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Aldrich, Noel D.; Reicks, Marla M.; Raatz, Susan K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sibley, Shalamar D.; Redmon, J. Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Thomas, William] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Raatz, Susan K.] USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Raatz, SK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM Susan.Raatz@ars.usda.gov OI Redmon, J. Bruce/0000-0002-1883-9467 FU National Center for Research Resources, National institutes of Health [M01-RR00400]; National Institute of Food, US Department of Agriculture National Needs [2005-38420-15786]; Next Proteins, LLC. FX Funding for this work was provided by grants from the National Center for Research Resources, National institutes of Health, M01-RR00400, and from the US Department of Agriculture National Needs Graduate Fellowship Competitive Grant No. 2005-38420-15786 from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and from Next Proteins, LLC. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.004 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 747RO UT WOS:000289337300004 PM 21419314 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC McCulloh, KA Lachenbruch, B Woodruff, DR Johnson, DM AF Meinzer, Frederick C. McCulloh, Katherine A. Lachenbruch, Barbara Woodruff, David R. Johnson, Daniel M. TI Response to commentary by G. Petit and T. Anfodillo SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.; Johnson, Daniel M.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McCulloh, Katherine A.; Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rick.meinzer@oregonstate.edu RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2011 VL 165 IS 2 BP 275 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1872-1 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706NK UT WOS:000286224900002 ER PT J AU Boiteau, G Vincent, C Meloche, F Leskey, TC Colpittse, BG AF Boiteau, Gilles Vincent, Charles Meloche, Francois Leskey, Tracy C. Colpittse, Bruce G. TI Harmonic radar: efficacy at detecting and recovering insects on agricultural host plants SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE movement; distribution; spread; behavior ID COLORADO-POTATO BEETLE; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; PLUM CURCULIO; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; FLIGHT; MOVEMENT; DISPERSAL; TRACKING AB BACKGROUND: In pest management research, harmonic radar systems have been largely used to study insect movement across open or vegetation-poor areas because the microwave signal is attenuated by the high water content of vegetation. This study evaluated whether the efficacy of this technology is sufficient to track insects in vegetative landscapes. RESULTS: Field efficacy data were collected using portable harmonic microwave radar and electronic dipole tags mounted on adults of three economically important pests: Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Diabrotica virginifera virginifera (LeComte) and Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst. Detection and recovery of tagged Colorado potato beetles, plum curculios and western corn rootworms was high within and among potato plants, moderate within apple trees and high within, but not between, corn plants respectively. The efficacy of the radar depends on the ability of the operator to move around the host, scanning for a signal 'sightline' with the tagged insect among plant structures. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of tagged insects by harmonic radar systems is high enough to track the walking path of pests through low row crops such as potato, tall row crops such as corn or tall but well-separated trees of orchard-type crops by adapting the scanning procedure to the vegetative architecture. Copyright (C) 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Boiteau, Gilles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Stn, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. [Vincent, Charles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean, PQ, Canada. [Meloche, Francois] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Colpittse, Bruce G.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Boiteau, G (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Stn, 850 Lincoln Rd,POB 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. EM gilles.boiteau@agr.gc.ca FU Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada FX The authors thank Pamela MacKinley, Peter McCarthy, Pierre Lemoyne, Matthew Taylor and Michele Despres for technical assistance. This project was financed in part by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada NOI funds. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 67 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1002/ps.2054 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 704RX UT WOS:000286071200012 PM 21058275 ER PT J AU Jia, Y Liu, G AF Jia, Y. Liu, G. TI Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Rice Blast SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infection type ID GENE PI-TA; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; FIELD-RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; MARKERS; ORYZAE; REGISTRATION; POPULATION; VARIETIES; VIRULENCE AB Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring resistance to rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, have been under-explored. In the present study, composite interval mapping was used to identify the QTLs that condition resistance to the 6 out of the 12 common races (IB1 IB45, IB49, IB54, IC17, and ID1) of M. oryzae using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross of the moderately susceptible japonica cultivar Lemont with the moderately resistant indica cultivar Jasmine 85. Disease reactions of 227 F(7) RILs were determined using a category scale of ratings from 0, representing the most resistant, to 5, representing the most susceptible. A total of nine QTLs responsive to different degrees of phenotypic variation ranging from 5.17 to 26.53% were mapped on chromosomes 3, 8, 9, 11, and 12: qBLAST3 at 1.9 centimorgans (cM) to simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker RM282 on chromosome 3 to IB45 accounting for 5.17%; qBLAST8.1 co-segregated with SSR marker RM1148 to IB49 accounting for 6.69%, qBLAST8.2 at 0.1 cM to SSR marker RM72 to IC17 on chromosome 8 accounting for 7.22%; qBLAST9.1 at 0.1 cM to SSR marker RM257 to IB54, aBLAST9.2 at 2.1 cM to SSR marker RM108, and qBLAST9.3 at 0.1 cM to SSR marker RM215 to IC17 on chromosome 9 accounting for 4.64, 7.62, and 4.49%; qBLASTII at 2.2 cM to SSR marker RM244 to IB45 and IB54 on chromosome 11 accounting for 26.53 and 19.60%; qBLAST12.1 at 0.3 cM to SSR marker OSM89 to IB1 on chromosome 12 accounting for 5.44%; and qBLAST12.2 at 0.3 and 0.1 cM to SSR marker OSM89 to IB49 and ID1 on chromosome 12 accounting for 9.7 and 10.18% of phenotypic variation, respectively. This study demonstrates the usefulness of tagging blast QTLs using physiological races by composite interval mapping. C1 [Jia, Y.] ARS, USDA, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Liu, G.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM Yulin.Jia@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-06-10-0151 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 712DL UT WOS:000286644800001 PM 20879845 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS Zuberer, DA Nichols, KA Franzluebbers, AJ AF Buyer, Jeffrey S. Zuberer, David A. Nichols, Kristine A. Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Soil microbial community function, structure, and glomalin in response to tall fescue endophyte infection SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Biolog; Community-level physiological profiles; Microbial diversity; Phospholipid fatty acids; Substrate utilization assay ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; SHORT-TERM RESPONSES; NITROGEN POOLS; DECOMPOSITION; PROFILES; PATTERNS; PLANT; AGGREGATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FRACTIONS AB Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] is naturally infected with a fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum, which produces toxic ergot alkaloids that negatively affect herbivores and may alter soil microbial communities. A 60-week mesocosm study with a factorial arrangement of soil type (clay loam and loamy sand) and endophyte infection (with and without) was conducted to determine changes in soil microbial community function (substrate utilization using Biolog), structure (phospholipid fatty acid profile), and glomalin concentration. Microbial utilization of carbohydrate, carboxylic acid, and miscellaneous substrate groups was lower in soil planted to endophyte-infected tall fescue than in soil planted to endophyte-free tall fescue. Gram-positive bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizae, and glomalin in small (0.25-1.0 mm) and large (> 1 mm) water-stable macro-aggregates were also negatively affected by endophyte infection. Although microbial changes due to endophyte infection were not ubiquitous and overwhelming, they were consistent with previous observations of reduced decomposition of endophyte-infected tall fescue plant litter, which may lead to greater soil C sequestration. C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Buyer, Jeffrey S.] ARS, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zuberer, David A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nichols, Kristine A.] ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-IA02-00ER63021] FX This research was partially supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-IA02-00ER63021. Excellent technical support was provided by Steve Knapp, Devin Berry, Annette Fincher, Heather Hart, Shaheen Humayoun, Robert Martin, Stanley Tesch, and Lori Thompson. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2011 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0592-y PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 706GA UT WOS:000286204800031 ER PT J AU Seifers, DL Martin, TJ Fellers, JP AF Seifers, Dallas L. Martin, T. J. Fellers, John P. TI Occurrence and Yield Effects of Wheat Infected with Triticum mosaic virus in Kansas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PLAINS VIRUS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; CURL MITE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; INTERMEDIUM; EFFICACY; VECTOR AB Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) infects wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. This study determined the occurrence of TriMV at three locations over 3 years and yield effects of wheat mechanically infected with TriMV. Wheat infection with TriMV. Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV) was verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both wheat singly infected with TriMV and doubly infected with TriMV and WSMV occurred at three, two, and one locations in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. Wheat singly infected with HPV occurred at one and two locations in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Wheat doubly infected with WSMV and HPV occurred at one location in 2008 and 2009. Infection with TriMV declined at two locations each year and, at the third location, it increased the second year and was not detected the third year. WSMV infection increased, except for a decline the third year at one location. In contrast to 3.0% infection of wheat with TriMV and WSMV at one location, 85% of the wheat 1.6 km from that site was infected with TriMV and WSMV in 2009. Infection of wheat with TriMV caused significant yield and volume weight reductions in Danby, RonL, and Jagalene but not KS96HW10-3 wheat. C1 [Seifers, Dallas L.; Martin, T. J.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Fellers, John P.] ARS, USDA, HWWGRU, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Seifers, DL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM dseifers@ksu.edu FU Kansas Wheat Commission FX Research in Kansas was partially funded by a grant from the Kansas Wheat Commission. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 95 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-10-0222 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 708NO UT WOS:000286368700013 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L Chicoine, DR Consolie, NH AF Cadle-Davidson, Lance Chicoine, David R. Consolie, Nancy H. TI Variation Within and Among Vitis spp. for Foliar Resistance to the Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe necator SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; UNCINULA-NECATOR; OIDIUM-TUCKERI; DOWNY MILDEW; GRAPEVINE; GENE; CINEREA; FUNGUS; RUN1 AB To complement existing control strategies, grape growers desire cultivars with resistance to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. Numerous disease resistance screens of diverse Vitis germplasm have been conducted previously to identify powdery mildew resistance but ratings of named cultivars were inconsistent and identities of resistant individuals in wild species were not typically provided. In the current study, controlled inoculations of a single isolate were made onto detached leaves from 1,025 Vitis accessions. The results were compared with natural epidemics in two vineyards: the cold-hardy Vitis spp. repository in Geneva, NY, in 2007-08, and a replicated vineyard of 89 Vitis accessions in Fredonia, NY in 2006-08. Of the genotypes screened using both natural infection and single-isolate inoculation, 33% were resistant to a single isolate but susceptible to diverse isolates in either or both vineyards, possibly due to race-specific resistance. This was exemplified by selection of E. necator genotypes virulent to Vitis labrusca in the Fredonia, NY vineyard, which is surrounded by production of the interspecific labrusca hybrids Concord and Niagara. Otherwise, there was good correlation of ratings between the vineyard and single-isolate ratings (r = 0.55 to 0.56) and between Geneva and Fredonia vineyard ratings (r = 0.75). No accession rated in all three screens was immune from infection. Although individual accessions of V. aestivalis, V. palmata, Vitis x doaniana, and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata were resistant in Geneva and Fredonia, each well-represented species had notable intraspecific variation in resistance. For 129 interspecific hybrids in this and previous studies, ratings infrequently corresponded among previous studies (39%) and between the current and previous studies (17 to 46%). However, three cultivars (Cayuga White, Diana, and Mars) were consistently rated as resistant across four independent studies. The results underscore the importance of uniform testing in multiple environments and the need for strategies for the development of cultivars with durable resistance. C1 [Cadle-Davidson, Lance; Consolie, Nancy H.] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Chicoine, David R.] New York Chiropract Coll, Seneca Falls, NY 13148 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM Lance.CadleDavidson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [1910-21220-002-00D] FX We thank J. Daeffler, M. Hannan, C. Geartz, and J. D'Amto for technical support in collecting, sterilizing, plating, tracking, inoculating, and rating the detached leaves, a process that involved over 45,000 sample touches for this project; the ARS-PGRU and Cornell Fredonia Vineyard Laboratory for vineyard maintenance and coordination of sample and data collection; and M. Cadle-Davidson and P. Cousins for critical review of the manuscript. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 1910-21220-002-00D at the Grape Genetics Research Unit and by two grants from the USDA-ARS Germplasm Evaluation Program. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 95 IS 2 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-10-0092 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 708NO UT WOS:000286368700016 ER PT J AU Probst, C Bandyopadhyay, R Price, LE Cotty, PJ AF Probst, C. Bandyopadhyay, R. Price, L. E. Cotty, P. J. TI Identification of Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Isolates to Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize in Kenya SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WEST-AFRICA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; EAR ROT; RESISTANCE; EXPOSURE; STRAINS; BIOCONTROL; COTTON AB Aspergillus flavus has two morphotypes, the S strain and the L strain, that differ in aflatoxin-producing ability and other characteristics. Fungal communities on maize dominated by the S strain of A. flavus have repeatedly been associated with acute aflatoxin poisonings in Kenya, where management tools to reduce aflatoxin levels in maize are needed urgently. A. flavus isolates (n = 290) originating from maize produced in Kenya and belonging to the L strain morphotype were tested for aflatoxin-producing potential. A total of 96 atoxigenic isolates was identified from four provinces sampled. The 96 atoxigenic isolates were placed into 53 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) through complementation of nitrate non-utilizing mutants. Isolates from each of 11 VCGs were obtained from more than one maize sample, isolates from 10 of the VCGs were detected in multiple districts, and isolates of four VCGs were found in multiple provinces. Atoxigenic isolates were tested for potential to reduce aflatoxin concentrations in viable maize kernels that were co-inoculated with highly toxigenic S strain isolates. The 12 most effective isolates reduced aflatoxin levels by >80%. Reductions in aflatoxin levels caused by the most effective Kenyan isolates were comparable with those achieved with a United States isolate (NRRL-21882) used commercially for aflatoxin management. This study identified atoxigenic isolates of A. flavus with potential value for biological control within highly toxic Aspergillus communities associated with maize production in Kenya. These atoxigenic isolates have potential value in mitigating aflatoxin outbreaks in Kenya, and should be evaluated under field conditions. C1 [Price, L. E.; Cotty, P. J.] Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bandyopadhyay, R.] Int Inst Trop Agr IIITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu NR 72 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 95 IS 2 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0438 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 708NO UT WOS:000286368700017 ER PT J AU Replogle, A Wang, JY Bleckmann, A Hussey, RS Baum, TJ Sawa, S Davis, EL Wang, XH Simon, R Mitchum, MG AF Replogle, Amy Wang, Jianying Bleckmann, Andrea Hussey, Richard S. Baum, Thomas J. Sawa, Shinichiro Davis, Eric L. Wang, Xiaohong Simon, Ruediger Mitchum, Melissa G. TI Nematode CLE signaling in Arabidopsis requires CLAVATA2 and CORYNE SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CLAVATA2; CORYNE; nematode; CLE peptide; receptor; syncytium ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; STEM-CELL SPECIFICATION; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ROOT-MERISTEM; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; FEEDING SITES; GENE ENCODES; THALIANA; PARASITISM; PEPTIDES AB P>Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes secrete CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ESR (CLE)-like effector proteins. These proteins have been shown to act as ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides and are required for successful nematode infection; however, the receptors for nematode CLE-like peptides have not been identified. Here we demonstrate that CLV2 and CORYNE (CRN), members of the receptor kinase family, are required for nematode CLE signaling. Exogenous peptide assays and overexpression of nematode CLEs in Arabidopsis demonstrated that CLV2 and CRN are required for perception of nematode CLEs. In addition, promoter-reporter assays showed that both receptors are expressed in nematode-induced syncytia. Lastly, infection assays with receptor mutants revealed a decrease in both nematode infection and syncytium size. Taken together, our results indicate that perception of nematode CLEs by CLV2 and CRN is not only required for successful nematode infection but is also involved in the formation and/or maintenance of nematode-induced syncytia. C1 [Replogle, Amy; Wang, Jianying; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bleckmann, Andrea; Simon, Ruediger] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Genet, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Hussey, Richard S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sawa, Shinichiro] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Davis, Eric L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Baum, Thomas J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Replogle, Amy; Wang, Jianying; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Mitchum, MG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM goellnerm@missouri.edu OI Replogle, Amy/0000-0002-5880-1308; Simon, Rudiger/0000-0002-1317-7716 FU USDA-NRI [2007-35607-17790, 2009-35302-05304]; USDA [2008-34113-19420]; MU Life Sciences FX The authors would like to thank Robert Heinz for the maintenance of the nematode cultures and the MU Molecular Cytology Core for help with imaging. This work was supported by the USDA-NRI Competitive Grants Program (grant nos 2007-35607-17790 and 2009-35302-05304 to MGM and XW), a USDA Special Grant (grant no. 2008-34113-19420) to MGM, and an MU Life Sciences Graduate Research Fellowship to AR. NR 52 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 430 EP 440 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04433.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 711VH UT WOS:000286619000009 PM 21265896 ER PT J AU Sturrock, RN Frankel, SJ Brown, AV Hennon, PE Kliejunas, JT Lewis, KJ Worrall, JJ Woods, AJ AF Sturrock, R. N. Frankel, S. J. Brown, A. V. Hennon, P. E. Kliejunas, J. T. Lewis, K. J. Worrall, J. J. Woods, A. J. TI Climate change and forest diseases SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE forest management; forest pathogens; plant disease management; plant pathogens; sudden aspen decline; yellow-cedar decline ID SWISS NEEDLE CAST; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOW-CEDAR DECLINE; PINE BLISTER RUST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATER-STRESS; SPHAEROPSIS-SAPINEA; NORTH-AMERICA; DOUGLAS-FIR; BOTRYOSPHAERIA-DOTHIDEA AB As climate changes, the effects of forest diseases on forest ecosystems will change. We review knowledge of relationships between climate variables and several forest diseases, as well as current evidence of how climate, host and pathogen interactions are responding or might respond to climate change. Many forests can be managed to both adapt to climate change and minimize the undesirable effects of expected increases in tree mortality. We discuss four types of forest and disease management tactics - monitoring, forecasting, planning and mitigation - and provide case studies of yellow-cedar decline and sudden aspen decline to illustrate how forest diseases might be managed in the face of climate change. The uncertainties inherent to climate change effects can be diminished by conducting research, assessing risks, and linking results to forest policy, planning and decision making. C1 [Sturrock, R. N.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Frankel, S. J.; Kliejunas, J. T.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Brown, A. V.] UK Forestry Commiss, Farnham GU10 4LH, Surrey, England. [Hennon, P. E.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK USA. [Lewis, K. J.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. [Worrall, J. J.] USDA Forest Serv, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Woods, A. J.] British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Smithers, BC V0J 2NO, Canada. RP Sturrock, RN (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM Rona.Sturrock@nrcan.gc.ca RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 NR 161 TC 142 Z9 152 U1 18 U2 137 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-0862 EI 1365-3059 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02406.x PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 705FQ UT WOS:000286114700012 ER PT J AU Haun, WJ Hyten, DL Xu, WW Gerhardt, DJ Albert, TJ Richmond, T Jeddeloh, JA Jia, GF Springer, NM Vance, CP Stupar, RM AF Haun, William J. Hyten, David L. Xu, Wayne W. Gerhardt, Daniel J. Albert, Thomas J. Richmond, Todd Jeddeloh, Jeffrey A. Jia, Gaofeng Springer, Nathan M. Vance, Carroll P. Stupar, Robert M. TI The Composition and Origins of Genomic Variation among Individuals of the Soybean Reference Cultivar Williams 82 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE INBRED LINES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEED; SEQUENCE; PLANT; GERMPLASM; MICROSATELLITE; REGISTRATION AB Soybean (Glycine max) is a self-pollinating species that has relatively low nucleotide polymorphism rates compared with other crop species. Despite the low rate of nucleotide polymorphisms, a wide range of heritable phenotypic variation exists. There is even evidence for heritable phenotypic variation among individuals within some cultivars. Williams 82, the soybean cultivar used to produce the reference genome sequence, was derived from backcrossing a Phytophthora root rot resistance locus from the donor parent Kingwa into the recurrent parent Williams. To explore the genetic basis of intracultivar variation, we investigated the nucleotide, structural, and gene content variation of different Williams 82 individuals. Williams 82 individuals exhibited variation in the number and size of introgressed Kingwa loci. In these regions of genomic heterogeneity, the reference Williams 82 genome sequence consists of a mosaic of Williams and Kingwa haplotypes. Genomic structural variation between Williams and Kingwa was maintained between the Williams 82 individuals within the regions of heterogeneity. Additionally, the regions of heterogeneity exhibited gene content differences between Williams 82 individuals. These findings show that genetic heterogeneity in Williams 82 primarily originated from the differential segregation of polymorphic chromosomal regions following the backcross and single-seed descent generations of the breeding process. We conclude that soybean haplotypes can possess a high rate of structural and gene content variation, and the impact of intracultivar genetic heterogeneity may be significant. This detailed characterization will be useful for interpreting soybean genomic data sets and highlights important considerations for research communities that are developing or utilizing a reference genome sequence. C1 [Haun, William J.; Vance, Carroll P.; Stupar, Robert M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Springer, Nathan M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Springer, Nathan M.; Stupar, Robert M.] Univ Minnesota, Microbial & Plant Genom Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hyten, David L.; Jia, Gaofeng] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xu, Wayne W.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gerhardt, Daniel J.; Albert, Thomas J.; Richmond, Todd; Jeddeloh, Jeffrey A.] Roche NimbleGen Inc, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Vance, Carroll P.] USDA ARS, Plant Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Stupar, RM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rstupar@umn.edu RI Springer, Nathan/F-2680-2013; OI Springer, Nathan/0000-0002-7301-4759; Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389; Stupar, Robert/0000-0002-8836-2924 FU United Soybean Board [0288, 8265]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the United Soybean Board (project nos. 0288 and 8265) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 47 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1104/pp.110.166736 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 715JN UT WOS:000286880800003 PM 21115807 ER PT J AU Ariizumi, T Lawrence, PK Steber, CM AF Ariizumi, Tohru Lawrence, Paulraj K. Steber, Camille M. TI The Role of Two F-Box Proteins, SLEEPY1 and SNEEZY, in Arabidopsis Gibberellin Signaling SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; SEED-GERMINATION; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; DELLA PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISM; RGL2 PROTEIN; THALIANA; GROWTH; GENES; LIGHT AB The SLEEPY1 (SLY1) F-box gene is a positive regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Loss of SLY1 results in GA-insensitive phenotypes including dwarfism, reduced fertility, delayed flowering, and increased seed dormancy. These sly1 phenotypes are partially rescued by overexpression of the SLY1 homolog SNEEZY (SNE)/SLY2, suggesting that SNE can functionally replace SLY1. GA responses are repressed by DELLA family proteins. GA relieves DELLA repression when the SCFSLY1 (for Skp1, Cullin, F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase ubiquitinates DELLA protein, thereby targeting it for proteolysis. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments using constitutively expressed 35S:hemagglutinin (HA)-SLY1 and 35S:HA-SNE translational fusions in the sly1-10 background suggest that SNE can function similarly to SLY1 in GA signaling. Like HA-SLY1, HA-SNE interacted with the CULLIN1 subunit of the SCF complex, and this interaction required the F-box domain. Like HA-SLY1, HA-SNE coimmunoprecipitated with the DELLA REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA), and this interaction required the SLY1 or SNE carboxyl-terminal domain. Whereas HA-SLY1 overexpression resulted in a decrease in both DELLA RGA and RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) protein levels, HA-SNE caused a decrease in DELLA RGA but not in RGL2 levels. This suggests that one reason HA-SLY1 is able to effect a stronger rescue of sly1-10 phenotypes than HA-SNE is because SLY1 regulates a broader spectrum of DELLA proteins. The FLAG-SLY1 fusion protein was found to coimmunoprecipitate with the GA receptor HA-GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1b (GID1b), supporting the model that SLY1 regulates DELLA through interaction with the DELLA-GA-GID1 complex. C1 [Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ariizumi, Tohru; Lawrence, Paulraj K.; Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Steber, CM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM csteber@wsu.edu FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative [2002-01351] FX This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (fellowship to T.A.) and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative (award no. 2002-01351 to C.M.S.). NR 51 TC 37 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2 BP 765 EP 775 DI 10.1104/pp.110.166272 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 715JN UT WOS:000286880800012 PM 21163960 ER PT J AU Wang, P Kinraide, TB Zhou, DM Kopittke, PM Peijnenburg, WJGM AF Wang, Peng Kinraide, Thomas B. Zhou, Dongmei Kopittke, Peter M. Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. TI Plasma Membrane Surface Potential: Dual Effects upon Ion Uptake and Toxicity SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS; ROOT ELONGATION; CELL-WALLS; WHEAT; CALCIUM; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHYTOTOXICITY; COPPER AB Electrical properties of plasma membranes (PMs), partially controlled by the ionic composition of the exposure medium, play significant roles in the distribution of ions at the exterior surface of PMs and in the transport of ions across PMs. The effects of coexisting cations (commonly Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, H+, and Na+) on the uptake and toxicity of these and other ions (such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and H2AsO4-) to plants were studied in terms of the electrical properties of PMs. Increased concentrations of cations or decreased pH in rooting media, whether in solution culture or in soils, reduced the negativity of the electrical potential at the PM exterior surface (psi(0)(0)). This reduction decreased the activities of metal cations at the PM surface and increased the activities of anions such as H2AsO4-. Furthermore, the reduced psi(0)(0) negativity increased the surface-to-surface transmembrane potential difference, thus increasing the electrical driving force for cation uptake and decreasing the driving force for anion uptake across PMs. Analysis of measured uptake and toxicity of ions using electrostatic models provides evidence that uptake and toxicity are functions of the dual effects of psi(0)(0) (i.e. altered PM surface ion activity and surface-to-surface transmembrane potential difference gradient). This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of plant-ion interactions and extends current theory to evaluate ion bioavailability and toxicity, indicating its potential utility in risk assessment of metal(loid)s in natural waters and soils. C1 [Wang, Peng; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Kinraide, Thomas B.] ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Kopittke, Peter M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Land Crop & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.] Leiden Univ, Fac Sci, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Wang, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Wang, Peng/E-2008-2012; Kopittke, Peter/A-6026-2011; Peijnenburg, Willie/M-4110-2013; OI Wang, Peng/0000-0001-8622-8767; Kopittke, Peter/0000-0003-4948-1880; peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149 FU National Natural Science Foundation [40871115]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK 2009339]; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (grant no. 40871115), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grant no. BK 2009339), and the Graduate Innovative Program of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2 BP 808 EP 820 DI 10.1104/pp.110.165985 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 715JN UT WOS:000286880800015 PM 21119046 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, Yong-Biao TI Semi-commercial ultralow oxygen treatment for control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on harvested iceberg lettuce SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Controlled atmosphere; Ultralow oxygen; Postharvest pest control; Lettuce; Western flower thrips ID POSTHARVEST CONTROL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; QUALITY; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE AB Pallet-scale ultralow oxygen (ULO) treatment was applied to iceberg lettuce after various lengths of postharvest storage to determine the effects of pre-treatment storage on lettuce tolerance to ULO treatment for control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)(Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Lettuce from seven cultivars was vacuum cooled and stored at 2 degrees C after harvest for 0, 2, 3, and 5 d before being subjected to 2-d ULO treatment with 0.003% oxygen at 10 degrees C ambient temperature. Complete control of thrips was achieved in all three tests. Temperature of lettuce increased from about 5 degrees C at the start of ULO treatment to 9.6 degrees C at the end of the treatment. Fresh vacuum-cooled lettuce from three of seven cultivars sustained injury to heartleaves by the ULO treatment. Lettuce that had been stored at the low temperature for 2, 3, or 5 d before the ULO treatment tolerated the ULO treatment and there was no significant quality reduction compared with untreated controls. Heavier heads were significantly more susceptible to heartleaf injury than lighter heads. This study demonstrated that 2-d postharvest refrigerated storage followed by 2-d ULO treatment was effective in controlling western flower thrips with minimal adverse effects on lettuce quality. The ULO treatment protocols developed in this study also have potential to be scaled-up for commercial ULO treatment applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM yongbiao.liu@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service; California and Arizona Lettuce Export Council FX The author thanks C. Torres and J. Wasson for technical assistance and Tanimura & Antle Co. for providing lettuce used in the study. This study was supported in part by funding from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service and California and Arizona Lettuce Export Council. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 138 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.09.004 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 693IZ UT WOS:000285219100004 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Roda, AL Montgomery, WS Schnell, EQ Niogret, J Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Kendra, Paul E. Roda, Amy L. Montgomery, Wayne S. Schnell, Elena Q. Niogret, Jerome Epsky, Nancy D. Heath, Robert R. TI Gas chromatography for detection of citrus infestation by fruit fly larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus; Tephritid fruit fly; Quarantine pest; Ultra-fast GC; Limonene; Hexyl butanoate ID DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA HYMENOPTERA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; MANGO FRUIT; VOLATILES; BRACONIDAE; PEEL AB Tephritid fruit flies are serious economic pests worldwide. As larvae, they feed and develop within the pulp of host fruits, making infestation difficult to detect by visual inspection. At U.S. ports of entry, incoming produce shipments are checked for infestation by manually cutting open a small sample of fruit and searching for tephritid larvae. Consequently, there is a need for more sensitive, high-throughput screening methods. This study evaluated gas chromatography (GC) as a potential technology for improved detection of hidden infestation. Grapefruits (Citrus x paradisi Macfad.) infested with immature stages of the Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were examined to determine if infested fruit emitted a chemical profile distinct from that of non-infested fruit. Peaks identified by GC analysis were grouped into three classes. Chemicals detected in similar quantities in all samples, or slightly elevated in infested samples, were regarded as non-diagnostic background volatiles. Chemicals highly elevated after oviposition, during the last instar exit stage, and in experimentally-pierced fruit were interpreted to be indicators of citrus peel injury, and included D-limonene and beta-ocimene. Chemicals elevated exclusively in the larval infestation stages were considered indicators of feeding damage and potentially diagnostic of infestation, and included hexyl butanoate and an unidentified compound. The peaks associated with injury and feeding were also detectable with a portable ultra-fast GC analyzer that required less than 80s per sample. Further studies will investigate the potential application of these results for development of a rapid, non-destructive screening method for detection of tephritid infestation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kendra, Paul E.; Montgomery, Wayne S.; Schnell, Elena Q.; Niogret, Jerome; Epsky, Nancy D.; Heath, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Roda, Amy L.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM paul.kendra@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.09.006 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 693IZ UT WOS:000285219100005 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Collin, S Mackey, B Sievert, J Arpaia, ML AF Obenland, David Collin, Sue Mackey, Bruce Sievert, James Arpaia, Mary Lu TI Storage temperature and time influences sensory quality of mandarins by altering soluble solids, acidity and aroma volatile composition SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mandarins; Off-flavor; Storage; Aroma volatiles; Acidity; Soluble solids ID ORANGE JUICE MATRIX; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; FLAVOR THRESHOLDS; VALENCIA ORANGES; ETHANOL BUILDUP; NAVEL ORANGES; OFF-FLAVOR; FRUITS; COMPONENTS; COATINGS AB Mandarins are very prone to losing flavor quality during storage and, as a result, often have a short shelf life. To better understand the basis of this flavor loss, two mandarin varieties ('W. Murcott' and 'Owari') were stored for 0, 3 and 6 weeks at either 0 degrees C, 4 degrees C, or 8 degrees C plus 1 week at 20 degrees C, and then evaluated for sensory attributes as well as quality parameters and aroma volatile profile. The experiment was conducted multiple times for each variety over two seasons, using three separate grower lots per experiment. Flavor quality was reduced in 'Owari' following 4 weeks of storage as off-flavor increased, while for 'W. Murcott' the hedonic score decreased after the fruit were stored for 7 weeks. Sensory panelists also noted a decline in tartness during storage for both varieties that was associated with an increase in the ratio of soluble solids concentration (SSC) to titratable acidity (TA). Large increases in alcohols and esters occurred during storage in both varieties, a number of which were present in concentrations in excess of their odor threshold values and are likely contributing to the loss in flavor quality. Thirteen aroma volatiles, consisting mainly of terpenes and aldehydes, declined during storage by up to 73% in 'Owari', only one of which significantly changed in 'W. Murcott'. Although many of these volatiles had aromas characteristic of citrus, their involvement in flavor loss during storage is unclear. 'W. Murcott' stored at 8 degrees C had slightly superior flavor to fruit stored at either 0 degrees C or 4 degrees C, and the better flavor was associated with higher SSC/TA and lesser tartness. Aroma volatiles did not play a role in the temperature effect on flavor as there were no significant differences in volatile concentrations among the three temperatures. There was no effect of storage temperature on the flavor of 'Owari'. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Obenland, David] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Collin, Sue; Sievert, James; Arpaia, Mary Lu] Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mackey, Bruce] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM david.obenland@fresno.ars.usda.gov FU California Citrus Research Board FX This work was supported in part by grants from the California Citrus Research Board. The assistance of Paul Neipp was important to the successful outcome of the project. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.09.011 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 693IZ UT WOS:000285219100011 ER PT J AU Roberts, DF Adamchuk, VI Shanahan, JF Ferguson, RB Schepers, JS AF Roberts, D. F. Adamchuk, V. I. Shanahan, J. F. Ferguson, R. B. Schepers, J. S. TI Estimation of surface soil organic matter using a ground-based active sensor and aerial imagery SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Near-infrared (NIR); Visible (VIS); Root mean squared error (RMSE); Mean absolute error (MAE); Organic matter (OM) ID NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; CORN; CARBON; COLOR; RECOMMENDATIONS; ALBEDO AB Active canopy sensors are currently being studied as a tool to assess crop N status and direct in-season N applications. The objective of this study was to use a variety of strategies to evaluate the capability of an active sensor and a wide-band aerial image to estimate surface soil organic matter (OM). Grid soil samples, active sensor reflectance and bare soil aerial images were obtained from six fields in central Nebraska before the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. Six different strategies to predict OM were developed and tested by dividing samples randomly into calibration and validation datasets. Strategies included uniform, interpolation, universal, field-specific, intercept-adjusted and multiple-layer prediction models. By adjusting regression intercept values for each field, OM was predicted using a single sensor or image data layer. Across all fields, the uniform and universal prediction models resulted in less accurate predictions of OM than any of the other methods tested. The most accurate predictions of OM were obtained using interpolation, field-specific and intercept-adjusted strategies. Increased accuracy in mapping soil OM using an active sensor or aerial image may be achieved by acquiring the data when there is minimal surface residue or where it has been excluded from the sensor's field-of-view. Alternatively, accuracy could be increased by accounting for soil moisture content with supplementary sensors at the time of data collection, by focusing on the relationship between soil reflectance and soil OM content in the 0-1 cm soil depth or through the use of a subsurface active optical sensor. C1 [Roberts, D. F.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Adamchuk, V. I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Shanahan, J. F.; Schepers, J. S.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA Natl Agroforestry Ctr 112, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ferguson, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Roberts, DF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 117 Dorman Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM droberts@pss.msstate.edu OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 FU Hatch; University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division FX This publication is a contribution of the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, supported in part by funds provided through the Hatch Act. The authors express their appreciation to Glen Slater, Ryan Gerloff, Dennis Francis, Luciano Shiratsuchi, Aaron Bereuter, Jeff Shanle, Luke Pesek, Paul Koerner, and Susan Wagner for their assistance with data collection, sample processing, and soil laboratory analysis. The authors gratefully acknowledge local producers Evan Brandes, Brandon Hunnicutt, and Fred Schroeder for use of their farms in conducting this study. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 BP 82 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s11119-010-9158-5 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 712JU UT WOS:000286663800008 ER PT J AU Bailey, VL Fansler, SJ Smith, JL Bolton, H AF Bailey, Vanessa L. Fansler, Sarah J. Smith, Jeffrey L. Bolton, Harvey, Jr. TI Reconciling apparent variability in effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities by assay optimization SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Enzyme; Biochar; beta-glucosidase; beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase; Lipase; Aminopeptidase; Black carbon ID BLACK CARBON; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PYROLYSIS; CHARCOAL AB We studied the effects of a biochar made from fast pyrolysis of switchgrass on four soil enzymes (beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lipase, and leucine aminopeptidase) to determine if biochar would consistently modify soil biological activities. Thus, we conducted a series of enzyme assays on biochar-amended soils. Inconsistent results from enzyme assays of char-amended soils suggested that biochar had variable effects on soil enzyme activities, thus we conducted a second experiment to determine if biochar reacts predictably with either enzyme or substrate in in vitro reactions. Both colorimetric and fluorescent assays were used for beta-glucosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Seven days after biochar was added to microcosms of 3 different soils, fluorescence-based assays revealed some increased enzyme activities (up to 7-fold for one measure of beta-glucosidase in a shrub-steppe soil) and some decreased activities (one-fifth of the unamended control for lipase measured in the same shrub-steppe soil), compared to non-amended soil. In an effort understand the varied effects, purified enzymes or substrates were briefly exposed to biochar and then assayed. In contrast to the soil assays, except for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, the exposure of substrate to biochar reduced the apparent activity of the enzymes, suggesting that sorption reactions between substrate and biochar impeded enzyme function. Our findings indicate that fluorometric assays are more robust to, or account for, this sorption better than the colorimetric assays used herein. The activity of purified beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase increased 50-75% following biochar exposure, suggesting a chemical enhancement of enzyme function. In some cases, biochar stimulates soil enzyme activities, to a much greater degree than soil assays would indicate, given that substrate reactivity can be impeded by biochar exposure. We conclude that the effects of biochar on enzyme activities in soils are highly variable; these effects are likely associated with reactions between biochar and the target substrate. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bailey, Vanessa L.; Fansler, Sarah J.; Bolton, Harvey, Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bailey, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN J4-18, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science FX The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable comments from Drs. J.E. Amonette and T.C. Squier, and two anonymous reviewers. This manuscript was prepared as part of the Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems research program, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, and has been authored by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 23 TC 73 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 88 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 2 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.10.014 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 716KP UT WOS:000286967800009 ER PT J AU Sayer, MAS Sung, SJS Haywood, JD AF Sayer, Mary Anne Sword Sung, Shi-Jean Susana Haywood, James D. TI Longleaf Pine Root System Development and Seedling Quality in Response to Copper Root Pruning and Cavity Size SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE copper oxychloride; Pinus palustris Mill.; root growth potential; taproot; toppling ID GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY AB Cultural practices that modify root system structure in the plug of container-grown seedlings have the potential to improve root system function after planting. Our objective was to assess how copper root pruning affects the quality and root system development of longleaf pine seedlings grown in three cavity sizes in a greenhouse. Copper root pruning increased seedling size, the allocation of root system dry weight to the taproot, and the fraction of fibrous root mass allocated to secondary lateral roots compared with primary lateral roots. It decreased the allocation of root system dry weight to primary lateral roots and led to a distribution of root growth potential that more closely resembled the root growth of naturally sown seedlings. These effects of copper root pruning may benefit longleaf pine establishment. However, because copper root pruning increased competition for cavity growing space among the taproot and fibrous roots, we suggest that recommendations regarding cavity size and seedling quality parameters be tailored for copper-coated cavities. C1 [Sayer, Mary Anne Sword] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Sayer, MAS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM msword@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 715TW UT WOS:000286911700001 ER EF