FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Garcia, S Garnatje, T McArthur, ED Pellicer, J Sanderson, SC Valles, J AF Garcia, Sonia Garnatje, Teresa McArthur, E. Durant Pellicer, Jaume Sanderson, Stewart C. Valles, Joan TI TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL REARRANGEMENTS IN ARTEMISIA SUBGEN. TRIDENTATAE, INCLUDING A REDEFINITION OF SPHAEROMERIA (ASTERACEAE, ANTHEMIDEAE) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN ENDEMIC SAGEBRUSHES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENOME SIZE; ALLIES; EVOLUTIONARY; SEQUENCES AB A recent molecular phylogenetic study of all members of Artemisia subgenus Tridentatae, as well as most of the other New World endemic Artemisia and the allied genera Sphaeromeria and Picrothamnus, raised the necessity of revising the taxonomic framework of the North American endemic Artemisia. Composition of the subgenus Tridentatae is enlarged to accommodate other North American endemics and is organized into 3 sections: Tridentatae, Nebulosae, and Filifoliae. This paper deals with the combination of one section, the amendment of 2 more sections, and the combination in or the reversion to Artemisia of some Sphaeromeria and Picrothainnus species. The new names given for previous Sphaeromeria species are Artemisia macarthurii (for S. argentea), A. albicans (for S. cana), A. constricta (for S. compacta), and A. inaequifolia (for S. diversifolia). The other Sphaeromeria we studied (S. capitata, S. potentilloides, S. ruthiae, and S. simplex) had been formerly considered Artemisia (respectively, A. capitata, A. potentilloides, A. ruthiae, and A. simplex), and their previous nomenclature is therefore recommended. C1 [Garcia, Sonia; Garnatje, Teresa] Inst Bot Barcelona CSIC ICUB, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain. [McArthur, E. Durant; Sanderson, Stewart C.] US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Pellicer, Jaume] Royal Bot Gardens, Jodrell Lab, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Valles, Joan] Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. RP Garcia, S (reprint author), Inst Bot Barcelona CSIC ICUB, Passeig Migdia S-N, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain. EM soniagarcia@ibb.csic.es RI Valles, Joan/B-4165-2013; Garcia, Sonia /M-7460-2013; Garnatje, Teresa/L-3028-2014 OI Garcia, Sonia /0000-0002-3143-0527; FU Spanish government [CGL2007-64839-C02-01/BOS, CGL2007-64839-C02-02/BOS]; CSIC FX We thank Professor Werner Greuter (Berlin) for his comments on nomenclatural aspects and also 2 anonymous reviewers who improved the overall quality of the manuscript. This work was subsidized by projects CGL2007-64839-C02-01/BOS and CGL2007-64839-C02-02/BOS of the Spanish government. SG was granted a JAE-DOC contract from the CSIC and a short stay in the Shrub Sciences Laboratory (USDA) in Utah, also from the CSIC. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2011 VL 71 IS 2 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824LR UT WOS:000295203900003 ER PT J AU Figueroa-Viramontes, U Delgado, JA Cueto-Wong, JA Nunez-Hernandez, G Reta-Sanchez, DG Barbarick, KA AF Figueroa-Viramontes, Uriel Delgado, Jorge A. Cueto-Wong, Jose A. Nunez-Hernandez, Gregorio Reta-Sanchez, David G. Barbarick, Kenneth A. TI A new Nitrogen Index to evaluate nitrogen losses in intensive forage systems in Mexico SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dairy production systems; Environmental impacts; Forage systems; Nitrate leaching; Nitrogen Index ID IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE; MANURE NUTRIENTS; LEACHING INDEX; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS; NLEAP AB Although nitrogen inputs to agricultural fields are necessary for global food sustainability, they present a major nutrient management challenge, because nitrogen inputs can increase nitrogen losses to the environment, which can negatively impact water quality across key surface and groundwater resources. The need to evaluate the potential risk of nitrogen losses for a given forage type, management scenario, and field quickly and easily can be met with new tools that assist in environmental risk assessment. An example is the Mexico Nitrogen Index: this new tool aims to help its users quickly evaluate the risk of nitrogen loss for a given field under a given set of management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Mexico Nitrogen Index in ranking the risk of nitrogen loss for a given field under a given set of management practices. To perform this evaluation, data for several different management scenarios were collected and entered into the Mexico Nitrogen Index. The capability of the Index to assess the fate and transport of nitrogen and to rank the risk of nitrogen loss was evaluated by comparing predicted soil residual nitrate and forage nitrogen uptake with observed values. Nitrogen fate and transport were accurately predicted under many different scenarios (P < 0.001); for example, the Index was successful in accurately predicting higher potential risk for nitrogen loss for scenarios with excessive nitrogen applications. It was concluded that the Mexico Nitrogen Index can accurately perform these risk assessments and that it has the potential to facilitate communication between scientists, extension personnel and farmers about the effects different management practices may have on nitrogen losses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Figueroa-Viramontes, Uriel; Nunez-Hernandez, Gregorio; Reta-Sanchez, David G.] INIFAP, Matamoros 27440, Coah, Mexico. [Cueto-Wong, Jose A.] INIFAP, Ctr Nacl Invest Disciplinaria Relac Agua Suelo Pl, Gomez Palacio 35150, Dgo, Mexico. [Barbarick, Kenneth A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM figueroa.uriel@inifap.gob.mx; jorge.delgado@ars.usda.gov; cueto.jose@inifap.gob.mx; barbari@lamar.colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 FU USDA Foreign Agricultural Service FX This study was supported with funds from a USDA Foreign Agricultural Service competitive grant proposal. The proposal title was "New Technologies for Water Conservation." The assigned USDA-FAS code was MX 162. From 2006 to 2009 there was close cooperative research between USDA-ARS-Soil Plant Nutrient Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, and INIFAP, Mexico. We thank Calvina Dupre, Agricultural Research Advisor, Research and Scientific Exchanges Division, USDA/FAS/ICD/RSED Scientific Cooperation Research Program for their help in setting up this program. The U.S. Principal Investigator was Dr. Jorge A. Delgado and the Foreign Principal Investigator was Dr. Jose Antonio Cueto Wong. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 352 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.004 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825BE UT WOS:000295245100027 ER PT J AU Liu, SS Li, AY Witt, CM de Leon, AAP AF Liu, Samuel S. Li, Andrew Y. Witt, Colleen M. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez TI IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL LOCALIZATION OF SEROTONIN IN THE CNS AND FEEDING SYSTEM OF THE STABLE FLY Stomoxys calcitrans L. (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biting fly; feeding system; cibarial pump; 5-hydroxytryptamine; neuroanatomy ID LOCUST SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; SNAIL LYMNAEA-STAGNALIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FRONTAL GANGLION; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BLOWFLY CALLIPHORA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; BEHAVIOR; NEURONS AB Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), plays critical roles as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that control or modulate many behaviors in insects, such as feeding. Neurons immunoreactive (IR) to 5-HT were detected in the central nervous system (CNS) of the larval and adult stages of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, using an immunohistological technique. The location and pattern of the 5-HT IR neurons are described and compared for these two different developmental stages. Anatomical features of the fly feeding system were analyzed in third instar larvae and adult flies using a combination of histological and immunohistological techniques. In third instar larvae, the cibarial dilator muscles were observed within the cibarial pump skeleton and innervated by 5-HT IR neurons in nerves arising from the brain. There were four pairs of nerves arising from the frontal surface of the larval brain that innervate the cibarial pump muscles, pharynx, and muscles controlling the mouth hooks. A strong serotoninergic innervation of the anterior stomatogastric system was observed, which suggests 5-HT may play a role in the coordination of different phases of food ingestion by larvae. Similarly, many 5-HT IR neurons were found in both the brain and the thoracico-abdominal ganglia in the adult, some of which innervate the cibarial pump dilator muscles and the stomatogastric muscles. This is tnhe first report describing neuromuscular structures of the stable fly feeding system. The results reported here suggest 5-HT may play a critical role in feeding behaviors of stable fly larvae and adults. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Liu, Samuel S.; Li, Andrew Y.; de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Witt, Colleen M.] Univ Texas San Antonio, RCMI Adv Imaging Core Facil, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS FX Grant sponsor: USDA, ARS, Postdoctoral Research Associate Program Award. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 4 BP 199 EP 219 DI 10.1002/arch.20434 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 825OE UT WOS:000295287900003 PM 21678485 ER PT J AU Bova, AS Bohrer, G Dickinson, MB AF Bova, A. S. Bohrer, G. Dickinson, M. B. TI A model of gas mixing into single-entrance tree cavities during wildland fires SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; NEST BOXES; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; BREEDING BIOLOGY; VENTILATION; FOREST AB The level of protection to fauna provided by tree cavities during wildland fires is not well understood. Here we present a model for estimating the transport of combustion gases into cylindrical, single-entrance cavities during exposures caused by different wildland fire scenarios. In these shelters, the entrance occurs near the top of the cavity. This empirical model was developed from a suite of numerical experiments using the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Fire Dynamics Simulator, which spanned a range of entrance diameters, wind speeds, gas temperatures, and vertical angles of incidence. To evaluate the model's predictions, it was used to replicate, with great accuracy, a time series of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in a controlled experiment where a fabricated cylindrical cavity was exposed to combustion products. The time constant for cavity filling is proportional to the ratio of cavity volume to entrance area. Hot gases lead to significant stratification within the cavity during exposures. To demonstrate the model's potential use in predicting faunal exposures in the context of land management, we show that the model can be used to estimate dosage within red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot, 1809) cavities without requiring temporally detailed, local measurements of wind speed and combustion product concentrations. C1 [Bova, A. S.; Dickinson, M. B.] USDA Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Bohrer, G.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbdickinson@fs.fed.us RI Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540 FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [05-2-1-24]; National Fire Plan; NASA-NESSF [NNX09A026H]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Northern Research Station Laboratory in Lansing, Michigan [FS-NRS-06-Fire-10-01]; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station in Delaware, Ohio [09-CR-11242302-033]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University [DE-FC02-06ER64158]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0911461, DEB-0918869] FX We thank William (Ruddy) Mell, Randy McDermott, and Kevin McGrattan for their suggestions during this project and Kyle Maurer and Dekel Shlomo for assistance in the fire experiment. We also thank Robert Kremens, who designed and built the meteorology and CO sensor packages used to obtain the data shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9. This work was supported by a grant from the Joint Fire Sciences Program (05-2-1-24) and the National Fire Plan. A.B. was funded in part by NASA-NESSF (fellowship NNX09A026H). G.B. was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Northern Research Station Laboratory in Lansing, Michigan (research joint venture agreement FS-NRS-06-Fire-10-01), the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station in Delaware, Ohio (agreement 09-CR-11242302-033), the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University (award DE-FC02-06ER64158), and the National Science Foundation (grants DEB-0911461 and DEB-0918869). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1659 EP 1670 DI 10.1139/X11-077 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 826XY UT WOS:000295390100010 ER PT J AU Weiskittel, AR Crookston, NL Radtke, PJ AF Weiskittel, Aaron R. Crookston, Nicholas L. Radtke, Philip J. TI Linking climate, gross primary productivity, and site index across forests of the western United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INLAND DOUGLAS-FIR; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PROCESS-BASED MODELS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOIL-SITE; LEAF-AREA; GROWTH; PINE; QUALITY; YIELD AB Assessing forest productivity is important for developing effective management regimes and predicting future growth. Despite some important limitations, the most common means for quantifying forest stand-level potential productivity is site index (SI). Another measure of productivity is gross primary production (GPP). In this paper, SI is compared with GPP estimates obtained from 3-PG and NASA's MODIS satellite. Models were constructed that predict SI and both measures of GPP from climate variables. Results indicated that a nonparametric model with two climate-related predictor variables explained over 68% and 76% of the variation in SI and GPP, respectively. The relationship between GPP and SI was limited (R(2) of 36%-56%), while the relationship between GPP and climate (R(2) of 76%-91%) was stronger than the one between SI and climate (R(2) of 68%-78%). The developed SI model was used to predict SI under varying expected climate change scenarios. The predominant trend was an increase of 0-5 m in SI, with some sites experiencing reductions of up to 10 m. The developed model can predict SI across a broad geographic scale and into the future, which statistical growth models can use to represent the expected effects of climate change more effectively. C1 [Weiskittel, Aaron R.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Crookston, Nicholas L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Radtke, Philip J.] Virginia Tech, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Weiskittel, AR (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aaron.weiskittel@maine.edu RI Radtke, Philip/F-9899-2012; OI Radtke, Philip/0000-0002-8921-8406 FU US Forest Service FX This work was funded by the US Forest Service Global Change Research Program. Discussions with Gary Dixon, Robert Monserud, Peter Gould, and Greg Johnson were helpful in shaping the project. Thanks to the US Forest Service Forest and Inventory Analysis staff for compiling and providing the data. Special thanks to Pierre Bernier, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their help in improving a previous version of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1710 EP 1721 DI 10.1139/X11-086 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 826XY UT WOS:000295390100014 ER PT J AU Zamany, A Liu, JJ Ekramoddoullah, A Sniezko, R AF Zamany, Arezoo Liu, Jun-Jun Ekramoddoullah, Abul Sniezko, Richard TI Antifungal activity of a Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP1) and its accumulation in western white pine infected with Cronartium ribicola SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pm-AMP1; bark reaction; partial resistance; phytopathogen; fungal inhibition ID BLISTER RUST; DOUGLAS-FIR; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; MACADAMIA-INTEGRIFOLIA; PHELLINUS-WEIRII; GENE CLONING; MAJOR GENE; PROTEIN; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION AB Pinus monticola antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pm-AMP!) was expressed and purified from bacterial cell lysate and its identity and purity confirmed by Western blot analysis using the Pm-AMP1 antibody. Application of Pm-AMP1 resulted in visible hyphal growth inhibition of Cronartium ribicola, Phellinus sulphurascens, Ophiostoma montium, and Ophiostoma clavigerum 3-12 days post-treatment. Pm-AMP I also inhibited spore germination of several other phytopathogenic fungi by 32%-84% 5 days post-treatment. Microscopic examination of C. ribicola hyphae in contact with Pm-AMP1 showed distinct morphological changes. Seven western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) families (Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10) showing partial resistance to C. ribicola in the form of bark reaction (BR) were assessed by Western immunoblot for associations between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and family, phenotype, canker number, and virulence of C. ribicola. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean Pm-AMP1 protein accumulation between families, with higher levels detected in the full-sib BR families (Nos. 1, 2, 5) than the half-sib BR families (Nos. 6, 7). Family 8, previously described as a Mechanism 'X' BR family, had the highest number of BR seedlings and displayed high Pm-AMP1 levels, whereas the susceptible family (No. 10) showed the lowest levels (p < 0.05). Family I showed a significant association between Pm-AMP1 accumulation and overall seedling health (p < 0.01, R = 0.533), with higher protein levels observed in healthy versus severely infected seedlings. In general, low Pm-AMP1 levels were observed with an increase in the number of cankers per seedling (p < 0.05), and seedlings inoculated with the avirulent source of C. ribicola showed significantly higher Pm-AMP I levels (p < 0.05) in the majority of BR families. Cis-acting regulatory elements, such as CCAAT binding factors, and an AG-motif binding protein were identified in the Pm-AMP1 promoter region. Multiple polymorphic sites were identified within the 5' untranslated region and promoter regions. Our results suggest that Pm-AMP 1 is involved in the western white pine defense response to fungal infection, as observed by its antifungal activity on C. ribicola and a range of phytopathogens as well as through its association with different indicators of resistance to C. ribicola. C1 [Zamany, Arezoo; Liu, Jun-Jun; Ekramoddoullah, Abul] Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Sniezko, Richard] US Forest Serv, USDA, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. RP Zamany, A (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM azamany@nrcan.gc.ca FU Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service FX This research was supported by the Forest Genomics funding from Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. We wish to thank Jerry Hill, Angelia Kegley, and the staff at the Dorena Genetic Resource Center for propagating, inoculating, and phenotypically assessing the seven WWP BR families. We thank Holly Williams for carrying out the O. montium and O. clavigerum antifungal assay; Terry Holmes for the microscopy work; Paula Rajkumar, Grace Ross, and Marie Girard-Martel for their assistance with Western blots; Dr. Hugh Barclay for his assistance with statistical analysis; and Holly Williams and Rona Sturrock for critical review of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 57 IS 8 BP 667 EP 679 DI 10.1139/W11-046 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 827HQ UT WOS:000295420000006 PM 21823970 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Sumerford, DV Lopez, MD Wang, HC Fraser, LM Kroemer, JA Spencer, T Kim, KS Abel, CA Hellmich, RL Siegfried, BD AF Coates, Brad S. Sumerford, Douglas V. Lopez, Miriam D. Wang, Haichuan Fraser, Lisa M. Kroemer, Jeremy A. Spencer, Terrence Kim, Kyung S. Abel, Craig A. Hellmich, Richard L. Siegfried, Blair D. TI A single major QTL controls expression of larval Cry1F resistance trait in Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and is independent of midgut receptor genes SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Quantitative trait locus (QTL); Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; THURINGIENSIS-DELTA-ENDOTOXINS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; INSECT RESISTANCE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC MAIZE; AMINOPEPTIDASE-N; TOXIN BINDING AB The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is an introduced crop pest in North America that causes major damage to corn and reduces yield of food, feed, and biofuel materials. The Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) expressed in transgenic hybrid corn is highly toxic to O. nubilalis larvae and effective in minimizing feeding damage. A laboratory colony of O. nubilalis was selected for high levels of Cry1F resistance (> 12,000-fold compared to susceptible larvae) and is capable of survival on transgenic hybrid corn. Genetic linkage maps with segregating AFLP markers show that the Cry1F resistance trait is controlled by a single quantitative trait locus (QTL) on linkage group 12. The map position of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers indicated that midgut Bt toxin-receptor genes, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase N, and cadherin, are not linked with the Cry1F QTL. Evidence suggests that genes within this genome interval may give rise to a novel Bt toxin resistance trait for Lepidoptera that appears independent of known receptor-based mechanisms of resistance. C1 [Coates, Brad S.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Genet Lab 113, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Coates, Brad S.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Lopez, Miriam D.; Kroemer, Jeremy A.; Abel, Craig A.; Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.; Lopez, Miriam D.; Abel, Craig A.; Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Haichuan; Spencer, Terrence; Siegfried, Blair D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kim, Kyung S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Genet Lab 113, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM brad.coates@ars.udsa.gov FU USDA; Agricultural Research Service (CRIS) [3625-22000-017-00]; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames [3543]; University of Nebraska FX This research was a joint contribution from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service (CRIS Project 3625-22000-017-00), the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA (Project 3543), and the University of Nebraska. Funding also was provided by a USDA, Biotechnology and Risk Assessment Grant (BRAG) "Quantifying risk factors for evolution of European corn borer resistance to Cry11F expressing corn hybrids: Contribution to a framework for managing insect resistance to transgenic crop" (2006-03697). This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by USDA, Iowa State University or the University of Nebraska for its use. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 961 EP 972 DI 10.1007/s10709-011-9590-0 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 828CQ UT WOS:000295478700001 PM 21822602 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Baranowski, JC Watson, KB Jago, R Islam, N Beltran, A Martin, SJ Nguyen, N Tepper, BJ AF Baranowski, Tom Baranowski, Janice C. Watson, Kathleen B. Jago, Russell Islam, Noemi Beltran, Alicia Martin, Shelby J. Nga Nguyen Tepper, Beverly J. TI 6-n-Propylthiouracil taster status not related to reported cruciferous vegetable intake among ethnically diverse children SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 6-n-Propylthiouracil; PROP; Taste sensitivity; Dietary intake; Vegetables; Food groups; Children ID HEALTH ENRICHMENT MULTISITE; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY BIAS; DIETARY SELF-REPORT; ENERGY-INTAKE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FOOD PREFERENCE; BITTER-TASTE; US CHILDREN; SENSITIVITY; PROP AB Sensitivity to the taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) (a bitter chemical related to the phenylthiocarbamide found in cruciferous vegetables) has been related to dietary intake or preferences of cruciferous vegetables among adults and young children but not middle-aged children or adolescents. We hypothesized that PROP taste sensitivity is related to lower reported dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables, primarily among younger children (ie, a moderating effect of child age). This study examined the relationship of PROP sensitivity to reported dietary intake across 3 days in 2 age groups of youth (9-10 and 17-18 years) while statistically controlling for physical activity, social desirability, and reporting bias. Cross-sectional design was used with a multiethnic (white, African American, Hispanic, etc) sample of 843 men and women. Children were recruited from and data were collected in local elementary and high schools that had at least 30% ethnic minority enrollment. Children providing nonplausible reports of dietary intake were deleted from the analyses. Body mass index was calculated and expressed in z scores. Energy intake and physical activity were measured by 3 telephone-conducted 24-hour dietary recalls with the Nutrient Data System for Research and 5 days of Actigraph (ActiGraph, Shalimar, Florida) activity monitor. The primary analyses included 347 students. 6-n-Propylthiouracil sensitivity was not related to intake of cruciferous vegetables. Intakes of the cruciferous vegetables were low, which may explain the lack of relationship. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Baranowski, Tom; Baranowski, Janice C.; Watson, Kathleen B.; Islam, Noemi; Beltran, Alicia; Martin, Shelby J.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Dept Pediat,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jago, Russell] Univ Bristol, Sch Policy Studies, Ctr Exercise Nutr & Hlth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TZ, Avon, England. [Nga Nguyen] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tepper, Beverly J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Dept Pediat,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.edu OI Jago, Russell/0000-0002-3394-0176; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU National Cancer Institute [CA 116766]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX This research was primarily funded by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA 116766). This work is also a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded, in part, with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 8 BP 594 EP 600 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.07.004 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 826ZA UT WOS:000295392900003 PM 21925344 ER PT J AU Dillard, A Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH AF Dillard, Alice Matthan, Nirupa R. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 macrophage lipid accumulation unaffected by fatty acid double-bond geometric or positional configuration SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE THP-1 macrophages; Cardiovascular disease; Oxidized LDL; Lipid accumulation; Fatty acids ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UNINVOLVED HUMAN AORTA; CHOLESTERYL ESTER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; RISK; TRIGLYCERIDE; DEPOSITION AB Dietary fatty acid type alters atherosclerotic lesion progression and macrophage lipid accumulation. Incompletely elucidated are the mechanisms by which fatty acids differing in double-bond geometric or positional configuration alter arterial lipid accumulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of using Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 (THP-1) macrophages as a model for human monocytes/macrophages to address this issue. Our hypothesis was that THP-1 macrophages pretreated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or fatty acid containing a cis double bond would accumulate less lipid, particularly cholesteryl ester, compared with (omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids or a fatty acid containing a trans double bond, respectively. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and then incubated with fatty acids for 48 hours. There was an increase in intracellular lipid in response to all the fatty acids assessed, and by response was similar among the fatty acids. The increase in lipid accumulation was contributed to triglyceride and to a lesser extent cholesterol, primarily free cholesterol. These data suggest that free fatty acids bound to bovine serum albumin, regardless of double-bond geometric or positional configuration, induce triglyceride accumulation but had only a modest effect on cholesterol accumulation in THP-1 macrophages. The cells appeared to respond similarly to the assessed fatty acids in terms of amount and type of lipid accumulated. Hence, the THP-1 cell line was not appropriate to test the hypotheses of interest. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dillard, Alice; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.dillard_hirschel@tufts.edu; nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu; alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU USDA [588-1950-9-001] FX No conflicts of interest to report. Supported by USDA agreement 588-1950-9-001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of USDA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 8 BP 625 EP 630 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.002 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 826ZA UT WOS:000295392900007 PM 21925348 ER PT J AU Willeberg, P Grubbe, T Weber, S Forde-Folle, K Dube, C AF Willeberg, P. Grubbe, T. Weber, S. Forde-Folle, K. Dube, C. TI The World Organisation for Animal Health and epidemiological modelling: background and objectives SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Decision making; Disease management; Epidemiology; Involvement; Modelling; OIE; World Organisation for Animal Health ID MOUTH-DISEASE; GREAT-BRITAIN; FOOT; SPREAD; IMPACT; UK AB The papers in this issue of the Scientific and Technical Review (the Review) examine uses of modelling as a tool to support the formulation of disease control policy and applications of models for various aspects of animal disease management. Different issues in model development and several types of models are described. The experience with modelling during the 2001 foot and mouth disease outbreak in the United Kingdom underlines how models might be appropriately applied by decision-makers when preparing for and dealing with animal health emergencies. This paper outlines the involvement of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in epidemiological modelling since 2005, with emphasis on the outcome of the 2007 questionnaire survey of model usage among Member Countries, the subsequent OIE General Session resolution and the 2008 epidemiological modelling workshop at the Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health in the United States. Many of the workshop presentations were developed into the papers that are presented in this issue of the Review. C1 [Willeberg, P.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grubbe, T.] Danish Vet & Food Adm, DK-2860 Soborg, Denmark. [Weber, S.; Forde-Folle, K.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Weber, S.; Forde-Folle, K.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Dube, C.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada. RP Willeberg, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU USDA-APHIS [07-9208-0203-CA]; University of California at Davis [07-9208-0203-CA] FX This work was supported by Cooperative Agreement 07-9208-0203-CA between USDA-APHIS and University of California at Davis. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 391 EP 405 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 822NT UT WOS:000295056100002 PM 21961212 ER PT J AU Forde-Folle, K Mitchell, D Zepeda, C AF Forde-Folle, K. Mitchell, D. Zepeda, C. TI The role of models in estimating consequences as part of the risk assessment process SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Biological consequences; Consequence assessment; Economic consequences; Models; Quantitative risk assessment AB The degree of disease risk represented by the introduction, spread, or establishment of one or several diseases through the importation of animals and animal products is assessed by importing countries through an analysis of risk. The components of a risk analysis include hazard identification, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. A risk assessment starts with identification of the hazard(s) and then continues with four interrelated steps: release assessment, exposure assessment, consequence assessment, and risk estimation. Risk assessments may be either qualitative or quantitative. This paper describes how, through the integration of epidemiological and economic models, the potential adverse biological and economic consequences of exposure can be quantified. C1 [Forde-Folle, K.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Forde-Folle, K (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 541 EP 545 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 822NT UT WOS:000295056100014 PM 21961224 ER PT J AU Patyk, K Caraguel, C Kristensen, C Forde-Folle, K AF Patyk, K. Caraguel, C. Kristensen, C. Forde-Folle, K. TI Lexicon of disease spread modelling terms SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Dictionary; Disease spread model; Glossary; Lexicon; Modelling terms; Terminology AB Over the past decade there has been a notable increase in the magnitude and variety of modelling work in the realm of animal health. Similarly, there has been an increase in the extent to which modelling is used as a component in the development of animal health policy. The increased dependency on modelling creates a need to enhance understanding and linkages between policy-makers (those that pose the policy or scientific questions, commission modelling work and use model outputs in the development of policy), intermediaries (those that are responsible for working with modellers and communicating model results to policy-makers), and modellers. Development of a lexicon of disease spread modelling terms can help support clear communication and collaboration between all players. C1 [Patyk, K.; Kristensen, C.; Forde-Folle, K.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Patyk, K.; Kristensen, C.; Forde-Folle, K.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Vet Epidemiol Res, Atlantic Vet Coll, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5H6, Canada. RP Patyk, K (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 547 EP 554 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 822NT UT WOS:000295056100015 PM 21961225 ER PT J AU Williams, CE Nemacheck, JA Shukle, JT Subramanyam, S Saltzmann, KD Shukle, RH AF Williams, Christie E. Nemacheck, Jill A. Shukle, John T. Subramanyam, Subhashree Saltzmann, Kurt D. Shukle, Richard H. TI Induced epidermal permeability modulates resistance and susceptibility of wheat seedlings to herbivory by Hessian fly larvae SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cuticle; epidermal permeability; GDSL-motif lipase; hydrolase; Hessian fly; wheat; infestation level; neutral red; resistance; susceptibility ID DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; PLANT DEFENSE; GENE; CUTICLE; LEAF; PENETRATION; ABILITY; DESIGN; LECTIN; TISSUE AB Salivary secretions of neonate Hessian fly larvae initiate a two-way exchange of molecules with their wheat host. Changes in properties of the leaf surface allow larval effectors to enter the plant where they trigger plant processes leading to resistance and delivery of defence molecules, or susceptibility and delivery of nutrients. To increase understanding of the host plant's response, the timing and characteristics of the induced epidermal permeability were investigated. Resistant plant permeability was transient and limited in area, persisting just long enough to deliver defence molecules before gene expression and permeability reverted to pre-infestation levels. The abundance of transcripts for GDSL-motif lipase/hydrolase, thought to contribute to cuticle reorganization and increased permeability, followed the same temporal profile as permeability in resistant plants. In contrast, susceptible plants continued to increase in permeability over time until the entire crown of the plant became a nutrient sink. Permeability increased with higher infestation levels in susceptible but not in resistant plants. The ramifications of induced plant permeability on Hessian fly populations are discussed. C1 [Williams, Christie E.; Nemacheck, Jill A.; Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Williams, Christie E.; Nemacheck, Jill A.; Shukle, John T.; Saltzmann, Kurt D.; Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Subramanyam, Subhashree] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Christie.Williams@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [3602-22000-016-D] FX This is a joint contribution by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Purdue University. We would like to thank Sue Cambron (USDA-ARS) for maintaining Hessian fly stocks, Debra Sherman (Purdue) for use of the Life Science Microscopy Facility, and Carol Sousa (Bone and Articulation Research Laboratory, Purdue) for assistance with cryosectioning. Research was supported by USDA CRIS number 3602-22000-016-D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 62 IS 13 BP 4521 EP 4531 DI 10.1093/jxb/err160 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 821IN UT WOS:000294968400010 PM 21659664 ER PT J AU Young, LR Kurzer, MS Thomas, W Redmon, JB Raatz, SK AF Young, Lindsay R. Kurzer, Mindy S. Thomas, William Redmon, J. Bruce Raatz, Susan K. TI Effect of Dietary Fat and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Urinary Eicosanoids and Sex Hormone Concentrations in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; SALMON-RICH DIET; EPISODIC SECRETION; DIAGNOSTIC-VALUE; PROSTAGLANDIN E-2; ACID COMPOSITION; POOLED ANALYSIS; REDUCTION; COHORT; FISH AB Substantial evidence relates increased sex hormone concentrations with increased breast cancer risk. Varying omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) intake may lead to alterations in eicosanoid balance and changes in circulating sex hormones that reduce risk. To clarify effects of dietary fat and n-3 FA intake on breast cancer risk markers, circulating sex hormones and urinary eicosanoids were measured in response to controlled feeding of diets designed to increase plasma concentrations of n-3 FA. A controlled cross-over feeding trial in postmenopausal women was conducted using 3 diets: high fat (HF; 40% energy from fat), low fat (LF; 20% energy from fat), and low fat plus n-3 FA (LFn3; 20% of energy from fat plus 3% of energy from n-3 FA) in 8-wk feeding periods. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid n-3 increased with the LFn3 relative to HF and LF (P < 0.0001). Plasma estradiol increased by 51% with HF (P = 0.03). Urinary prostaglandin E metabolite increased with HF relative to LF (P = 0.02) and urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B(2) increased with HF (P = 0.01). These results do not support a role of n-3 FA in the reduction of sex hormone levels. C1 [Raatz, Susan K.] USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Young, Lindsay R.; Kurzer, Mindy S.; Raatz, Susan K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN USA. [Thomas, William] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Redmon, J. Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Raatz, SK (reprint author), USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM susan.raatz@ars.usda.gov OI Redmon, J. Bruce/0000-0002-1883-9467 FU Department of Defense [W81XWH-04-1-0448, W81XWH-06-1-0778]; National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [MO1-RR00400] FX We thank Douglas M. Bibus, Ph.D., for assistance in the phospholipid fatty acids analysis. The work was conducted at the University of Minnesota General Clinical Research Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Funding for this work was provided by grants from the Department of Defense (W81XWH-04-1-0448 and W81XWH-06-1-0778) and MO1-RR00400 from the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. Salmon of the Americas, Inc., donated salmon fillets for the controlled diets. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PD AUG-SEP PY 2011 VL 63 IS 6 BP 930 EP 939 DI 10.1080/01635581.2011.589957 PG 10 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 823GX UT WOS:000295111600013 PM 21745038 ER PT J AU Corcoran, MP Lichtenstein, AH Meydani, M Dillard, A Schaefer, EJ Lamon-Fava, S AF Corcoran, Michael P. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Meydani, Mohsen Dillard, Alice Schaefer, Ernst J. Lamon-Fava, Stefania TI The effect of 17 beta-estradiol on cholesterol content in human macrophages is influenced by the lipoprotein milieu SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE-THERAPY; MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; 17 BETA-ESTRADIOL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIPID-ACCUMULATION; RECEPTOR; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Estrogen and testosterone are thought to modulate coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. To examine how these hormones affect human macrophage cholesterol transport, a key factor in atherogenesis, we obtained monocytes from healthy male and postmenopausal female donors (age 50-70 years). Cells were allowed to differentiate in autologous serum. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) were exposed to estrogen, testosterone, or vehicle, during differentiation. Cells were cholesterol enriched with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the presence of treatment. Cell cholesterol mass, efflux, and the expression of proteins involved in HMDM cholesterol transport were examined. Estrogen significantly reduced cholesteryl ester (CE) content in both female and male HMDMs while having no measurable effect on cholesterol efflux. Testosterone did not affect cholesterol content or efflux. Both hormones significantly but modestly affected the gene expression of several proteins involved in HMDM transport, yet these effects did not translate into significant changes in protein expression. In THP-1 macrophages, the effect of estrogen on CE content was more potent in unloaded macrophages and was estrogen receptor dependent. A trend for a reduction in non-oxLDL uptake by estrogen was observed and was also found to be dependent upon estrogen receptor activation. Our data indicate that estrogen, but not testosterone, reduces CE accumulation in HMDMs obtained from a CHD age relevant population, independent of changes in the expression of proteins important to macrophage cholesterol transport. In THP-1 cells, this effect is reduced in the presence of oxLDL, indicating that a pro-atherogenic lipoprotein milieu is an important variable in sex hormone modulation of CHD. C1 [Corcoran, Michael P.; Schaefer, Ernst J.; Lamon-Fava, Stefania] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Dillard, Alice] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-072]; Unilever Health Science Scholarship; NIH [T32 HL69772-01A1] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture contract no. 1950-51000-072. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. M P C was supported by the Unilever Health Science Scholarship and by the NIH training grant T32 HL69772-01A1. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0952-5041 J9 J MOL ENDOCRINOL JI J. Mol. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1530/JME-10-0158 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 821TK UT WOS:000294997100014 PM 21830321 ER PT J AU Han, MY Zhang, LX Fan, CH Liu, LH Zhang, LS Li, BZ Alva, AK AF Han, Ming Y. Zhang, Li X. Fan, Chong H. Liu, Li H. Zhang, Lin S. Li, Bing Z. Alva, Ashok K. TI Release of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the decomposition of apple (Malus domestica) leaf litter under different fertilization regimes in Loess Plateau, China SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE apple leaf litter; decomposition; fertilization regime; Loess Plateau; nutrients release ID ADDITIONS; RESIDUES; LEAVES; TREES; MINERALIZATION; METAANALYSIS; RATES AB The decomposition of apple (Malus domestica) leaf litters has a pivotal role in nutrient release in orchard ecosystems. We studied the decomposition rate and subsequent release of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients over 24-months using the litterbags method, from three types of litters sampled from an apple orchard which received different rates of N, P, K fertilization (control, CK; low fertilizer rate, LF; high fertilizer rate, HF). The patterns of mass loss of all three litters were quite similar following the exponential decay model. However, the amount of mass loss was greater for HF and LF litters than that for CK litter over the first six months. During the initial six months, concentrations of N and P in the leaf litters increased while that of K declined. Subsequently, concentrations of all elements decreased during 24-months of incubation. The release of N and P from leaf litter was positively correlated to the respective concentrations in the leaf litter at the beginning of decomposition. The amounts of N and P release from the litter were greater for that collected from the trees which received HF than that under CK and LF treatments during the course of decomposition in the two years. The rapid release of K occurred during the early stage across all litters and was not influenced by varying levels of leaf nutritional status. At the end of 24 months of decomposition, the relative release of nutrients from litters followed the order: K > N > P. The mean quantities of N, P, and K released during the first and second year following the application of 10, 6, 58% and 63, 6, 8% of recommended rates at respective nutrients for young apple orchards in Loess Plateau. Therefore, the results suggest that nutrient release from leaf litter in an apple orchard system can contribute a significant portion of the nutrient requirement for apple production. Accounting for this nutrient contribution in the annual fertilizer management is important to avoid excess application, optimize net returns, and maintain sustainable production systems. C1 [Zhang, Li X.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Han, Ming Y.; Fan, Chong H.; Liu, Li H.; Zhang, Lin S.; Li, Bing Z.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Alva, Ashok K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. EM zhanglixinyangling88@yahoo.com.cn FU Agriculture Ministry of P. R. China, through National Apple Industry Technology System [CARS-28]; 948 Apple Project [2011-Z24]; Program for Agricultural Sci-Tech Innovation of Shaanxi Province [2011NXC01-18]; West Light Foundation of CAS [2060299-14] FX The research work was supported by financial support from the Agriculture Ministry of P. R. China, through National Apple Industry Technology System (CARS-28), the 948 Apple Project (2011-Z24), Program for Agricultural Sci-Tech Innovation of Shaanxi Province (2011NXC01-18) and West Light Foundation of CAS (2060299-14). The Fufeng experimental farm of Northwest A & F University contributed the apple orchard site of the experiment and technical assistance. The laboratory work was conducted at the Apple Center in Northwest A & F University. Han Ming-yu and Zhang Li-xin contributed to this work equally. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0038-0768 EI 1747-0765 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 57 IS 4 BP 549 EP 557 DI 10.1080/00380768.2011.593481 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 821MY UT WOS:000294980300007 ER PT J AU Elder, T Groom, LH AF Elder, Thomas Groom, Leslie H. TI Pilot-scale gasification of woody biomass SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Gasification; Pine; Hardwoods; Producer gas; Flow rate; Biomax 25 ID DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER; TECHNOLOGIES; ENERGY AB The gasification of pine and mixed-hardwood chips has been carried out in a pilot-scale system at a range of gas flow rates. Consuming similar to 17-30 kgh(-1) of feedstock, the producer gas was composed of similar to 200 dm(3) m (3) carbon monoxide, 12 dm(3) m(-3) carbon dioxide, 30 dm(3) m(-3) methane and 190 dm(3) m (3) hydrogen, with an energy content of similar to 6 MJ m (3) for both feedstocks. It was found that the efficiency of the system was enhanced at higher flow rates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Elder, Thomas; Groom, Leslie H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Elder, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 35 IS 8 BP 3522 EP 3528 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.053 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 820WY UT WOS:000294938000026 ER PT J AU Brandon, SK Sharma, LN Hawkins, GM Anderson, WF Chambliss, CK Doran-Peterson, J AF Brandon, Sarah K. Sharma, Lekh N. Hawkins, Gary M. Anderson, William F. Chambliss, C. Kevin Doran-Peterson, Joy TI Ethanol and co-product generation from pressurized batch hot water pretreated T85 bermudagrass and Merkeron napiergrass using recombinant Escherichia coli as biocatalyst SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Grass; Pretreatment; Digestibility; Ethanol; Inhibitors ID TIFTON-85 BERMUDAGRASS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUEL ETHANOL; CELL-WALLS; FERMENTATION; BACTERIA; ACID; REGISTRATION AB Pretreatment of grasses is required to maximize ethanol yield during fermentation. T85 bermudagrass and Merkeron napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) were either left untreated or were pressurized batch hot water (PBHW) pretreated for 2 min at 230 degrees C at 5% w/v whole grass solids loading. Following a 24 h enzymatic digestion, untreated and PBHW pretreated grasses were evaluated for ethanol production and co-product generation including potential fermentation inhibitors. Fermentations of PBHW pretreated grasses with E. coli LY01 produced twice the ethanol of their untreated counterparts. PBHW pretreated Merkeron napiergrass produced 224.5 mg/g grass ethanol (73% maximum theoretical yield) and PBHW pretreated T85 bermudagrass reached 213.0 mg/g grass (70% maximum theoretical ethanol yield). Pretreatment by PBHW resulted in increased solubilization of hemicelluloses. PBHW pretreatment also produced potential fermentation inhibitors such as acetic, formic, cinnamic acids, and aldehydes. Despite some of these inhibitors remaining with the solids after PBHW pretreatment, there was more efficient hydrolysis of the cellulose and remaining hemicellulose during the enzymatic digestion of the grasses prior to fermentation when compared to the untreated grasses. This increase in digestibility observed with enzymes prior to fermentation resulted in increased ethanol yields during bioconversion using E. coli LY01 as the biocatalyst. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brandon, Sarah K.; Sharma, Lekh N.; Hawkins, Gary M.; Doran-Peterson, Joy] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Anderson, William F.] ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Chambliss, C. Kevin] Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waco, TX 76706 USA. RP Doran-Peterson, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 1000 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jpeterso@uga.edu OI Chambliss, Kevin/0000-0003-3888-6890 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 35 IS 8 BP 3667 EP 3673 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.05.021 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 820WY UT WOS:000294938000042 ER PT J AU Wiles, LJ AF Wiles, L. J. TI Software to quantify and map vegetative cover in fallow fields for weed management decisions SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Digital images; Image analysis; Weed map; Classification algorithm; Site-specific weed management ID DIGITAL IMAGES; MACHINE VISION; AUTOMATED CROP; GROUND-COVER; REAL-TIME; COLOR; SYSTEM; SOIL; PHOTOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS AB Mapping weed cover during the fallow period of dryland crop rotations would be valuable for weed management in subsequent crops and could be done with low cost color digital cameras, however most managers lack the specialized software and expertise needed to create a map from the images. A system of software was developed to quantify weed cover in fallow fields in digital images and to simplify and automate the most challenging tasks that non-GIS professionals confront in creating and using maps derived from a large number of images. A GIS file of image locations is created with inexpensive consumer software. Images are classified, a GIS file is generated and the map is displayed in a simple GIS viewer with free software we developed. A map can be generated from 1000 images and 5000 GPS coordinates in 30 min, including image classification. The classified and original images for all locations can be viewed together easily from the map application. The accuracy of estimating weed cover was evaluated using images collected in 15 fields under natural light with a consumer grade camera mounted on an ATV driving 8-11 km h(-1). Weed cover was estimated with 96% accuracy for images, regardless of the amount of crop residue, unless part of the image was shaded by the camera. In those images, accuracy was 90% or better. This system will work with many professional and consumer digital cameras and GPS units and the classification algorithm can be easily modified for other applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wiles, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.wiles@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 78 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.06.008 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 820AB UT WOS:000294876800012 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Webster, CG Kousik, CS Webb, SE Roberts, PD Stansly, PA Turechek, WW AF Adkins, Scott Webster, Craig G. Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Webb, Susan E. Roberts, Pamela D. Stansly, Philip A. Turechek, William W. TI Ecology and management of whitefly-transmitted viruses of vegetable crops in Florida SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ipomoviruses; Begomoviruses; Criniviruses ID LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; VEIN YELLOWING VIRUS; WATERMELON VINE DECLINE; CRUMPLE-VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; MOTTLE-VIRUS; TOMATO; SQUASH; CUCURBITS AB A variety of fresh market vegetables, including watermelon and tomato are economically important crops in Florida. Whitefly-transmitted Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) was first identified in squash and watermelon in Florida in 2005 and shown to cause a severe decline of watermelon vines as crops approach harvest. Florida is most economically impacted by SqVYV, although the virus has been detected more recently in Indiana and South Carolina. The origin and evolutionary history of SqVYV, one of the few members of the genus Ipomovirus within the family Potyviridae, are not known. Sequence diversity of SqVYV isolates collected at different times, from different locations and from different plant species is being analyzed for insights into the origin of the virus. More recently, Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), also whitefly-transmitted, have been detected in watermelon in Florida. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was first detected in south Florida tomato crops in 1997. Several surveys have been conducted in the region to identify alternative hosts for these four viruses. Cucurbit weeds including Balsam-apple (Momordica charantia), creeping cucumber (Melothria pendula) and smellmelon (Cucumis melo var. dudaim) provide reservoirs for SqVYV. CuLCrV and/or CYSDV. Green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) also can be a reservoir for CuLCrV. No wild hosts of TYLCV have been reported in Florida. The effectiveness of insecticides and silver plastic mulch to manage whiteflies and mitigate TYLCV has been demonstrated and is currently being evaluated for SqVYV, CuLCrV and CYSDV. In addition, potential sources of SqVYV resistance have been identified in greenhouse and field screening of watermelon germplasm. Further studies to refine these sources of resistance are underway. Lastly, a comprehensive map of 33,560 hectares (82,928 acres) of vegetable fields in the three counties comprising the majority of the southwest Florida vegetable production area has been developed to identify 'hot spots' and reservoir crops for viruses and whiteflies, and will be useful in evaluation of management strategies to decrease virus incidence in commercial fields. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adkins, Scott; Webster, Craig G.; Turechek, William W.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Kousik, Chandrasekar S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Webb, Susan E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Roberts, Pamela D.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. [Stansly, Philip A.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM scott.adkins@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 159 IS 2 SI SI BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.04.016 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 820YZ UT WOS:000294943300005 PM 21549768 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Rashid, U Yusup, S Anwar, F AF Knothe, Gerhard Rashid, Umer Yusup, Suzana Anwar, Farooq TI Fatty acids of Thespesia populnea: Mass spectrometry of picolinyl esters of cyclopropene fatty acids SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GC; MS; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Thespesia populnea ID SEED OILS; DERIVATIVES; MALVALATE; MALVACEAE; SPECTRA AB Thespesia populnea belongs to the plant family of Malvaceae which contain cyclopropane and cyclopropene fatty acids. However, previous literature reports vary regarding the content of these compounds in Thespesia populnea seed oil. In this work, the content of malvalic acid (8,9-methylene-9-heptadecenoic acid) in the fatty acid profile of Thespesia populnea seed oil was approximately 7% by GC. Two cyclopropane fatty acids were identified, including dihydrosterculic acid. The methyl and picolinyl esters of Thespesia populnea seed oil were also prepared. The mass spectrum of picolinyl malvalate was more closely investigated, especially an ion at m/e 279, which does not fit the typical series of ions observed in picolinyl esters. It is shown that this ion is caused by cleavage at the picolinyl moiety and contains the fatty acid chain without the picolinyl moiety. This type of cleavage has previously not been observed prominently in picolinyl esters and may therefore be diagnostic for picolinyl esters of cyclopropene fatty acids. The NMR spectra of Thespesia populnea methyl esters are also discussed. Practical applications: The work reports the fatty acid composition of Thespesia seed oil whose derivatives have not yet been extensively utilized for industrial purposes, for example, biodiesel. Knowing this composition is essential for understanding potential uses and, for example, in case of biodiesel the fuel properties. Besides this issue, some data (mass spectrometry and NMR) crucial for obtaining the composition information are analyzed in detail. The biodiesel properties of methyl esters of Thespesia populnea will be reported separately. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rashid, Umer; Yusup, Suzana] Univ Teknol PETRONAS, Dept Chem Engn, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia. [Anwar, Farooq] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem & Biochem, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Anwar, Farooq] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Food Sci & Technol, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov RI Yusup, Suzana/F-8805-2012; Anwar, Farooq/H-6639-2015; Rashid, Umer/C-9986-2011 OI Rashid, Umer/0000-0001-6224-413X NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 113 IS 8 BP 980 EP 984 DI 10.1002/ejlt.201100004 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 818NV UT WOS:000294760200006 ER PT J AU Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA Falsen, E Moore, E Lawson, PA AF Whitehead, Terence R. Cotta, Michael A. Falsen, Enevold Moore, Edward Lawson, Paul A. TI Peptostreptococcus russellii sp nov., isolated from a swine-manure storage pit SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; BACTERIA; PROPOSAL; GENERA AB Using a polyphasic approach, a taxonomic study was performed on seven strains of an unknown Gram-reaction-positive, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic coccus-shaped bacterium, isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that all seven isolates were highly related to each other and formed a hitherto unknown lineage within the clostridial rRNA XI cluster of organisms. Pairwise analysis demonstrated that the novel organism was most closely related to Peptostreptococcus anaerobius CCUG 7835(T) and Peptostreptococcus stomatis CCUG 51858(T) with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.5 and 93.0%, respectively. The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was determined to be A4 alpha L-Lys-D-Asp and glucose, xylose and traces of mannose were detected as the cell wall sugars. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence the unknown bacterium represents a new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus, for which the name Peptostreptococcus russellii sp. nov, is proposed. The type strain is RT-10B(T) (=CCUG 58235(T) =NRRL B-59380(T) =DSM 23041(T)). C1 [Whitehead, Terence R.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Falsen, Enevold; Moore, Edward] Univ Goteborg, Dept Clin Bacteriol, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lawson, Paul A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Whitehead, TR (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM terry.whitehead@ars.usda.gov RI Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 61 BP 1875 EP 1879 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.023762-0 PN 8 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 815GQ UT WOS:000294514500017 PM 20833884 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Swezey, JL Pukall, R Schumann, P Spring, S AF Rooney, Alejandro P. Swezey, James L. Pukall, Ruediger Schumann, Peter Spring, Stefan TI Peptoniphilus methioninivorax sp nov., a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus isolated from retail ground beef SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM; GENUS; ACID; PROPOSAL; GENERA AB Strain NRRL B-23883(T) was isolated from retail ground beef as part of a study on the genetic diversity of Clostridium perfringens. The strain was found to be a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus that was able to utilize peptone as a sole carbon source. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain was closely related to species within the genera Peptoniphilus and Anaerosphaera, but it was substantially different from the closest recognized species by nearly 10% sequence divergence. The strain was also found to be closely related (>99% sequence similarity) to an uncultured bacterial strain that was sequenced from a 16S rRNA gene clone library constructed to characterize the bacterial community of faeces from a captive spotted hyena. Strain NRRL B-23883(T) shared the peptidoglycan type A4 beta, L-Orn-D-Glu with members of the genus Peptoniphilus. Further phenotypic analysis revealed that strain NRRL B-23883(T) was able to utilize glycyl L-methionine as a sole carbon source, in contrast to other species of the genus Peptoniphilus. Therefore, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Peptoniphilus methioninivorax sp. nov.; the type strain is NRRL B-23883(T) (= DSM 22461(T)). C1 [Rooney, Alejandro P.; Swezey, James L.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Pukall, Ruediger; Schumann, Peter; Spring, Stefan] DSMZ Deutsch Sammlung von Mikroorganismen & Zellk, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM alejandro.rooney@ars.usda.gov RI Spring, Stefan/N-6933-2013 OI Spring, Stefan/0000-0001-6247-0938 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 61 BP 1962 EP 1967 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.024232-0 PN 8 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 815GQ UT WOS:000294514500030 PM 20817843 ER PT J AU Famoso, AN Zhao, K Clark, RT Tung, CW Wright, MH Bustamante, C Kochian, LV McCouch, SR AF Famoso, Adam N. Zhao, Keyan Clark, Randy T. Tung, Chih-Wei Wright, Mark H. Bustamante, Carlos Kochian, Leon V. McCouch, Susan R. TI Genetic Architecture of Aluminum Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa) Determined through Genome-Wide Association Analysis and QTL Mapping SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ABC TRANSPORTER; INBRED LINES; ASIAN RICE; WILD-RICE; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; RUFIPOGON GRIFF. AB Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a primary limitation to crop productivity on acid soils, and rice has been demonstrated to be significantly more Al tolerant than other cereal crops. However, the mechanisms of rice Al tolerance are largely unknown, and no genes underlying natural variation have been reported. We screened 383 diverse rice accessions, conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study, and conducted QTL mapping in two bi-parental populations using three estimates of Al tolerance based on root growth. Subpopulation structure explained 57% of the phenotypic variation, and the mean Al tolerance in Japonica was twice that of Indica. Forty-eight regions associated with Al tolerance were identified by GWA analysis, most of which were subpopulation-specific. Four of these regions co-localized with a priori candidate genes, and two highly significant regions co-localized with previously identified QTLs. Three regions corresponding to induced Al-sensitive rice mutants (ART1, STAR2, Nrat1) were identified through bi-parental QTL mapping or GWA to be involved in natural variation for Al tolerance. Haplotype analysis around the Nrat1 gene identified susceptible and tolerant haplotypes explaining 40% of the Al tolerance variation within the aus subpopulation, and sequence analysis of Nrat1 identified a trio of non-synonymous mutations predictive of Al sensitivity in our diversity panel. GWA analysis discovered more phenotype-genotype associations and provided higher resolution, but QTL mapping identified critical rare and/or subpopulation-specific alleles not detected by GWA analysis. Mapping using Indica/Japonica populations identified QTLs associated with transgressive variation where alleles from a susceptible aus or indica parent enhanced Al tolerance in a tolerant Japonica background. This work supports the hypothesis that selectively introgressing alleles across subpopulations is an efficient approach for trait enhancement in plant breeding programs and demonstrates the fundamental importance of subpopulation in interpreting and manipulating the genetics of complex traits in rice. C1 [Famoso, Adam N.; Tung, Chih-Wei; Wright, Mark H.; McCouch, Susan R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Wright, Mark H.; Bustamante, Carlos] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Clark, Randy T.; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM srm4@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Wright, Mark/0000-0001-8036-1161; TUNG, CHIH-WEI/0000-0001-5337-0177 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Food Research Institute [2009-02273]; NSF [0606461, 1026555]; Generation Challenge Program [G7009.07] FX Sources of funding that supported this work include the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Food Research Institute (Grant no. 2009-02273) (http://www.csrees.usda.gov/fo/agriculturalandfoodresearchinitiativeafri .cfm), NSF Plant Genome Research Program (Grant no. 0606461 and #1026555) (http://www.nsf.gov/bio/pubs/awards/pgr.htm), and Generation Challenge Program (Grant no. G7009.07) (http://www.generationcp.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 119 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 81 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 7 IS 8 AR e1002221 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002221 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 812MG UT WOS:000294297000018 PM 21829395 ER PT J AU Cai, RM Lewis, J Yan, SC Liu, HJ Clarke, CR Campanile, F Almeida, NF Studholme, DJ Lindeberg, M Schneider, D Zaccardelli, M Setubal, JC Morales-Lizcano, NP Bernal, A Coaker, G Baker, C Bender, CL Leman, S Vinatzer, BA AF Cai, Rongman Lewis, James Yan, Shuangchun Liu, Haijie Clarke, Christopher R. Campanile, Francesco Almeida, Nalvo F. Studholme, David J. Lindeberg, Magdalen Schneider, David Zaccardelli, Massimo Setubal, Joao C. Morales-Lizcano, Nadia P. Bernal, Adriana Coaker, Gitta Baker, Christy Bender, Carol L. Leman, Scotland Vinatzer, Boris A. TI The Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Is Genetically Monomorphic and under Strong Selection to Evade Tomato Immunity SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID III EFFECTOR REPERTOIRE; GENOME SEQUENCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LESION FORMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; EVOLUTION; DC3000; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE AB Recently, genome sequencing of many isolates of genetically monomorphic bacterial human pathogens has given new insights into pathogen microevolution and phylogeography. Here, we report a genome-based micro-evolutionary study of a bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Only 267 mutations were identified between five sequenced isolates in 3,543,009 nt of analyzed genome sequence, which suggests a recent evolutionary origin of this pathogen. Further analysis with genome-derived markers of 89 world-wide isolates showed that several genotypes exist in North America and in Europe indicating frequent pathogen movement between these world regions. Genome-derived markers and molecular analyses of key pathogen loci important for virulence and motility both suggest ongoing adaptation to the tomato host. A mutational hotspot was found in the type III-secreted effector gene hopM1. These mutations abolish the cell death triggering activity of the full-length protein indicating strong selection for loss of function of this effector, which was previously considered a virulence factor. Two non-synonymous mutations in the flagellin-encoding gene fliC allowed identifying a new microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) in a region distinct from the known MAMP flg22. Interestingly, the ancestral allele of this MAMP induces a stronger tomato immune response than the derived alleles. The ancestral allele has largely disappeared from today's Pto populations suggesting that flagellin-triggered immunity limits pathogen fitness even in highly virulent pathogens. An additional non-synonymous mutation was identified in flg22 in South American isolates. Therefore, MAMPs are more variable than expected differing even between otherwise almost identical isolates of the same pathogen strain. C1 [Cai, Rongman; Lewis, James; Yan, Shuangchun; Liu, Haijie; Clarke, Christopher R.; Almeida, Nalvo F.; Vinatzer, Boris A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Campanile, Francesco; Zaccardelli, Massimo] CRA Ctr Ric Orticoltura, Salerno, Italy. [Almeida, Nalvo F.; Setubal, Joao C.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Almeida, Nalvo F.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Comp, Campo Grande, Brazil. [Studholme, David J.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Lindeberg, Magdalen] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Schneider, David] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Setubal, Joao C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Morales-Lizcano, Nadia P.; Bernal, Adriana] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Coaker, Gitta] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Baker, Christy; Bender, Carol L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leman, Scotland] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Cai, RM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM vinatzer@vt.edu RI Almeida, Nalvo/B-5856-2012; Setubal, Joao/C-7305-2012; Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; Oncogenomica, Inct/H-9999-2013; Cai, Rongman/C-5998-2015; OI Studholme, David/0000-0002-3010-6637; Setubal, Joao/0000-0001-9174-2816; Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; Cai, Rongman/0000-0003-2404-4852; Almeida, Nalvo/0000-0001-5615-1746; Yan, Shuangchun/0000-0002-9924-283X FU NSF [IOS 0746501]; SAIC (Charlottesville, VA); USDA [2010-65108-20527] FX Research in the Vinatzer laboratory was funded by the NSF, www.nsf.gov, with award number IOS 0746501 and by SAIC (Charlottesville, VA). Research in the Coaker laboratory was funded by the USDA, www.usda.gov, with award number 2010-65108-20527. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 41 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 7 IS 8 AR e1002130 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002130 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 812MR UT WOS:000294298100002 PM 21901088 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, SA Evett, SR Colaizzi, PD Howell, TA AF O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Evett, S. R. Colaizzi, P. D. Howell, T. A. TI Using radiation thermography and thermometry to evaluate crop water stress in soybean and cotton SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Infrared thermometry; Infrared thermography; Empirical crop water stress index; Water use; Cotton yields; Soybean yields ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; THERMAL IMAGERY; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; FIELD; CORN AB The use of digital infrared thermography and thermometry to investigate early crop water stress offers a producer improved management tools to avoid yield declines or to deal with variability in crop water status. This study used canopy temperature data to investigate whether an empirical crop water stress index could be used to monitor spatial and temporal crop water stress. Different irrigation treatment. amounts (100%, 67%, 33%. and 0% of full replenishment of soil water to field capacity to a depth of 1.5 m) were applied by a center pivot system to soybean (Glycine max L.) in 2004 and 2005, and to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) in 2007 and 2008. Canopy temperature data from infrared thermography were used to benchmark the relationship between an empirical crop water stress index (CWSl(e)) and leaf water potential (psi(L)) across a block of eight treatment plots (of two replications). There was a significant negative linear correlation between midday ILL measurements and the CWSl(e) after soil water differences due to irrigation treatments were well established and during the absence of heavy rainfall. Average seasonal CWSl(e) values calculated for each plot from temperature measurements made by infrared thermometer thermocouples mounted on a center pivot lateral were inversely related to crop water use with r2 values >0.89 and 0.55 for soybean and cotton. respectively. There was also a significant inverse relationship between the CWSI(e) and soybean yields in 2004 (r(2) = 0.88) and 2005 (r(2) = 0.83). and cotton in 2007 (r(2) = 0.78). The correlations were not significant in 2008 for cotton. Contour plots of the CWSI(e) may be used as maps to indicate the spatial variability of within-field crop water stress. These maps may be useful for irrigation scheduling or identifying areas within a field where water stress may impact crop water use and yield. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [O'Shaughnessy, S. A.; Evett, S. R.; Colaizzi, P. D.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM susan.oshaughnessy@ars.usda.gov FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; Bilateral Agricultural Research and Development (BARD); Texas Department of Agriculture [TIE04-01] FX The authors wish to acknowledge funding from the Ogallala Aquifer Program and from a joint grant from the Bilateral Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) fund and Texas Department of Agriculture (Grant No. TIE04-01). We also acknowledge with great appreciation the assistance provided by Brice Ruthardt, Biological Science Technician with the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1523 EP 1535 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2011.05.005 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 815IP UT WOS:000294519600005 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Werdin-Pfisterer, NR Beattie, KL Densmore, RV AF Conn, Jeffery S. Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R. Beattie, Katherine L. Densmore, Roseann V. TI Ecology of Invasive Melilotus albus on Alaskan Glacial River Floodplains SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 7 LEGUME CROPS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; TANANA RIVER; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FIXATION; BAY; INTERIOR AB Melilotus albus (white sweetclover) has invaded Alaskan glacial river floodplains. We measured cover and density of plant species and environmental variables along transects perpendicular to the Nenana, Matanuska, and Stikine Rivers to study interactions between M. albus and other plant species and to characterize the environment where it establishes. Melilotus albus was a pioneer species on recently disturbed sites and did not persist into closed canopy forests. The relationships between M. albus cover and density and other species were site-specific. Melilotus albus was negatively correlated with native species Elaeagnus commutata at the Nenana River, but not at the Matanuska River. Melilotus albus was positively correlated with the exotic species Crepis tectorum and Taraxacum officinale at the Matanuska River and T. officinale on the upper Stikine River. However, the high density of M. albus at a lower Stikine River site was negatively correlated with T. officinale and several native species including Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus and Salix alaxensis. Glacial river floodplains in Alaska are highly disturbed and are corridors for exotic plant species movement. Melilotus albus at moderate to low densities may facilitate establishment of exotic species, but at high densities can reduce the cover and density of both exotic and native species. C1 [Conn, Jeffery S.; Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R.; Beattie, Katherine L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Densmore, Roseann V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeff.conn@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.343 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 812UN UT WOS:000294318500003 ER PT J AU Sloggett, JJ Magro, A Verheggen, FJ Hemptinne, JL Hutchison, WD Riddick, EW AF Sloggett, John J. Magro, Alexandra Verheggen, Francois J. Hemptinne, Jean-Louis Hutchison, William D. Riddick, Eric W. TI The chemical ecology of Harmonia axyridis SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Chemical defence; Coccinellidae; Foraging; Semiochemicals; Ladybug wine taint; Push-pull strategy ID ASIAN LADY BEETLE; 2 PREDATORY LADYBIRDS; COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; OVIPOSITION-DETERRING PHEROMONE; HETEROSPECIFIC LARVAL TRACKS; ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; INTRA-GUILD PREDATION; PALLAS COLEOPTERA AB We review the chemical ecology of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis from the perspective of its invasiveness and the deleterious effects it exerts in the regions it has colonised. We outline the nature and quantification of its chemical defence, and discuss the protection this provides against natural enemies, particularly intraguild predators. We consider the role of infochemicals in location of prey, intraspecific communication and intraguild interactions. We also discuss the role of prey allelochemicals in relation to H. axyridis extreme dietary generalism. Harmonia axyridis poses a number of practical problems for human health and well-being, including "ladybug taint" wine contamination and problems resulting from large aggregations overwintering in buildings. We consider chemical insights into these issues and, in particular, how attractants and repellents might help manage H. axyridis populations through a push-pull strategy. We conclude by discussing future perspectives for research. C1 [Magro, Alexandra; Hemptinne, Jean-Louis] Univ Toulouse, ENFA, EDB Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Magro, Alexandra; Hemptinne, Jean-Louis] CNRS, EDB Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Verheggen, Francois J.] Univ Liege, Gembloux Agrobio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Hutchison, William D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Riddick, Eric W.] ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sloggett, JJ (reprint author), Kronenburgwerf 58, NL-4812 XR Breda, Netherlands. EM johnsloggett@yahoo.co.uk RI Hemptinne, Jean-Louis/C-5989-2009; Magro, Alexandra/G-8328-2011; OI Hemptinne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-3875-2497; Magro, Alexandra/0000-0002-7043-0845; riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche-France [ANR-06-BDIV-008-01] FX We thank Jian Chen, Ted Cottrell and the manuscript reviewers for commenting on earlier versions of this manuscript. A. Magro and J-L Hemptinne's research was supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche-France (ANR-06-BDIV-008-01). Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement of the product by the universities associated with this research or the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 169 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 SI SI BP 643 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9376-4 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 814NJ UT WOS:000294462600018 ER PT J AU Roy, HE Rhule, E Harding, S Handley, LJL Poland, RL Riddick, EW Steenberg, T AF Roy, Helen E. Rhule, Emma Harding, Susanne Handley, Lori-Jayne Lawson Poland, Remy L. Riddick, Eric W. Steenberg, Tove TI Living with the enemy: parasites and pathogens of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Harmonia axyridis; Natural enemies; Enemy release hypothesis; EICA; Parasites; Pathogens ID VIRESCENS THAXTER LABOULBENIALES; ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; CONVERGENS GUERIN-MENEVILLE; MALE-KILLING MICROORGANISMS; HESPEROMYCES-VIRESCENS; DINOCAMPUS-COCCINELLAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Harmonia axyridis is an invasive alien predator in many countries across the world. The rapid establishment and spread of this species is of concern because of the threat it poses to biodiversity as a generalist predator. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the success of this species as an invader is not only intriguing but also critical to our understanding of the processes governing such invasions. The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) could explain the rapid population growth of many invasive alien species. However, empirical evidence in support of the ERH is lacking. An alternative hypothesis that could explain rapid population growth is evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA). Here we provide an overview of the parasites and pathogens of coccinellids with a particular focus on H. axyridis as a host. We examine the differential susceptibility of host species and highlight the resilience of H. axyridis in comparison to other coccinellids. We recognise the paucity and limitations of available information and suggest that studies, within a life-table framework, comparing life history traits of H. axyridis in both the native and introduced ranges are necessary. We predict that H. axyridis could benefit from both enemy release and EICA within the introduced range but require further empirical evidence. C1 [Roy, Helen E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, England. [Rhule, Emma] Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. [Harding, Susanne] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr & Ecol, DK-1875 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Handley, Lori-Jayne Lawson] Univ Hull, Dept Biol Sci, Evolutionary Biol Grp, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, Yorks, England. [Poland, Remy L.] Clifton Coll, Bristol BS8 3JH, Avon, England. [Riddick, Eric W.] ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Steenberg, Tove] Univ Aarhus, Dept Agroecol, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. RP Roy, HE (reprint author), Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, England. EM hele@ceh.ac.uk RI Roy, Helen/A-1488-2010; OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X FU Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC); Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC); Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra); Microsoft Research FX HER is funded through the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC). HER is also funded by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) and receives funding from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) for work on the GB Non-Native Species Information Portal. ER is funded by Microsoft Research. Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement of the product by any of the universities or by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 109 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 SI SI BP 663 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9387-1 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 814NJ UT WOS:000294462600019 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, Y Huffaker, A AF Yamaguchi, Yube Huffaker, Alisa TI Endogenous peptide elicitors in higher plants SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RICH GLYCOPEPTIDE SIGNALS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; TOMATO PLANTS; DEFENSE RESPONSE; POLYPROTEIN PRECURSOR; METHYL JASMONATE; BLACK NIGHTSHADE; INSECT ATTACK; ATP SYNTHASE AB Plant defense responses against invading organisms are initiated through the perception of molecules associated with attacking microbes and herbivores by pattern recognition receptors. In addition to elicitor molecules derived from attacking organisms, plants recognize host-derived molecules. These endogenous elicitors induce and amplify the defense responses against invading organisms both locally and systemically. Several classes of plant-derived molecules elicit defense, including cell wall fragments and peptides. Endogenous peptide elicitors have been discovered in species across the plant kingdom, and their role regulating immunity to both herbivores and pathogens is becoming increasingly appreciated. In this review, we will focus on the five known endogenous peptide elicitor families, summarize their properties, and discuss research goals to further understanding of plant innate immunity. C1 [Yamaguchi, Yube] Univ Sapporo, Lab Crop Physiol, Res Fac Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. [Huffaker, Alisa] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Yamaguchi, Y (reprint author), Univ Sapporo, Lab Crop Physiol, Res Fac Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. EM yu-yama@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp RI Yamaguchi, Yube/B-9594-2012 FU Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science Technology; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Gregory Pearce and Eric A. Schmelz for their critical reading and suggestions. Financial support was provided by the Special Coordination Fund for accelerated innovation of the fostering system for female scientists, through the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology's project (YY), and by the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (AH). NR 50 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 59 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.05.001 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815KV UT WOS:000294525400002 PM 21636314 ER PT J AU de Jonge, R Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ AF de Jonge, Ronnie Bolton, Melvin D. Thomma, Bart P. H. J. TI How filamentous pathogens co-opt plants: the ins and outs of fungal effectors SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RESISTANCE GENE; DEFENSE; VIRULENCE; PROTEIN; CELLS; HOST; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; TOMATO; RICE AB Research on effectors secreted by pathogens during host attack has dominated the field of molecular plant-microbe interactions over recent years. Functional analysis of type Ill secreted effectors injected by pathogenic bacteria into host cells has significantly advanced the field and demonstrated that many function to suppress host defense. Fungal and oomycete effectors are delivered outside the host plasma membrane, and although research has lagged behind on bacterial effectors, we are gradually learning more and more about the functions of these effectors. While some function outside the host cell to disarm defense, others exploit host cellular uptake mechanisms-to suppress defense or liberate nutrients intracellularly. Comparative genomics suggests that the organization of effector genes drives effector evolution in many pathogen genomes. C1 [de Jonge, Ronnie; Thomma, Bart P. H. J.] Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Bolton, Melvin D.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Thomma, Bart P. H. J.] Ctr BioSyst Genom, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Thomma, BPHJ (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM bart.thomma@wur.nl RI Thomma, Bart/E-5959-2011; de Jonge, Ronnie/I-3260-2016 OI Thomma, Bart/0000-0003-4125-4181; de Jonge, Ronnie/0000-0001-5065-8538 FU Research Council for Earth and Life sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), which is part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/NWO; Dutch Technology Foundation STW; Ministry of Economic Affairs; ERA-NET Plant Genomics; USDA-ARS [5442-22000-042-00D] FX BPHJT is supported by a Vidi grant of the Research Council for Earth and Life sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), by the Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), which is part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/NWO, by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, which is the applied science division of NWO and the Technology Programme of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and by ERA-NET Plant Genomics. MDB is supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5442-22000-042-00D. The authors thank Pierre de Wit and Matthieu Joosten for critically reading the manuscript. NR 53 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 67 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.03.005 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815KV UT WOS:000294525400009 PM 21454120 ER PT J AU Lieb, W Pencina, MJ Jacques, PF Wang, TJ Larson, MG Levy, D Kannel, WB Vasan, RS AF Lieb, Wolfgang Pencina, Michael J. Jacques, Paul F. Wang, Thomas J. Larson, Martin G. Levy, Daniel Kannel, William B. Vasan, Ramachandran S. TI Higher aldosterone and lower N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide as biomarkers of salt sensitivity in the community SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Salt sensitivity; aldosterone; N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide; ANP ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; METABOLIC RISK-FACTORS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION; SODIUM-INTAKE; HYPERTENSION; ASSOCIATION; POTASSIUM; PLASMA; MICE AB Background: Salt sensitivity, a trait characterized by a pressor blood pressure response to increased dietary salt intake, has been associated with higher rates of cardiovascular target organ damage and cardiovascular disease events. Recent experimental studies have highlighted the potential role of the natriuretic peptides and aldosterone in mediating salt sensitivity. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We evaluated 1575 non-hypertensive Framingham Offspring cohort participants (mean age 55 +/- 9 years, 58% women) who underwent routine measurements of circulating aldosterone and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT-ANP) and assessment of dietary sodium intake. Participants were categorized as potentially 'salt sensitive' if their serum aldosterone was > sex-specific median but plasma NT-ANP was <= sex-specific median value. Dietary sodium intake was categorized as lower versus higher (dichotomized at the sex-specific median). We used multivariable linear regression to relate presence of salt sensitivity (as defined above) to longitudinal changes (Delta) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure on follow-up (median four years). Results: Participants who were 'salt sensitive' (N=437) experienced significantly greater increases in blood pressure (Delta systolic, +4.4 and +2.3 mmHg; Delta diastolic, +1.9 and -0.3 mmHg; on a higher versus lower sodium diet, respectively) as compared to the other participants (Delta systolic, +2.8 and +1.0 mmHg; Delta diastolic, +0.5 and -0.2 mmHg; on higher versus lower sodium diet, respectively; P=0.033 and P=0.0127 for differences between groups in Delta systolic and Delta diastolic blood pressure, respectively). Conclusions: Our observational data suggest that higher circulating aldosterone and lower NT-ANP concentrations may be markers of salt sensitivity in the community. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these observations. C1 [Lieb, Wolfgang; Levy, Daniel; Kannel, William B.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [Pencina, Michael J.; Larson, Martin G.] Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Thomas J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Levy, Daniel] NHLBI, Ctr Populat Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Prevent Med Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Cardiol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Vasan, RS (reprint author), Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM vasan@bu.edu RI Lieb, Wolfgang/C-1990-2012; OI Larson, Martin/0000-0002-9631-1254; Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970 FU NHLBI [N01-HC-25195, 2 K24 HL04334]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by NHLBI Contract N01-HC-25195 and 2 K24 HL04334 (to RSV); and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1741-8267 J9 EUR J CARDIOV PREV R JI Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 664 EP 673 DI 10.1177/1741826710389406 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 813ON UT WOS:000294376900018 PM 21450637 ER PT J AU Chung, H McClure, M Kim, J AF Chung, Hoyoung McClure, Matthew Kim, Jaeyoung TI Phylogenetic analysis of the swine leukocyte antigen-2 gene for Korean native pigs SO GENES & GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE SLA-2; MHC class I; SNPs; Miniature pig; Korean native pig ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-I GENES; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE; SLA-2 AB The objective of this study was to investigate genetic relationships of the SLA-2 gene, to characterize SLA-2 alleles, and to provide basic genetic information of Korean pigs. The swine leukocyte antigen - 2 (SLA-2) gene in the MHC classical region was cloned with spleen tissues from Korean native pigs selected from the main land (KNP) and Jeju Island (KJP). Primer sequences based on swine cDNA (GenBank accession numbers AF464049 and AF464005) were used to amplify the entire SLA-2 gene, and the amplification product including both 3' and 5' UTRs was sized 1,520 bp. A BAC clone was selected from miniature pigs and sequenced for the genomic region of the SLA-2 gene showing that 4,585 bp in total length consisted of exons (1,087 bp) and introns (3,498 bp). A sequence analysis confirmed 58 SNPs in coding regions, which revealed higher numbers of SNPs in KNP than other pig breeds, implicating more genetic variability in Korean pigs. Approximately 82% of the SLA-2 SNPs were located in the highly polymorphic exons 2 and 3. Newly identified sequences of the SLA-2 gene for KNP and KJP were submitted into the IPD-MHC database with new nomenclatures (SLA-2*1501, SLA-2*1601, and SLA-2*w08hy01 allele), while the representative sequences of KNP and KJP were submitted into GenBank with accession numbers (DQ992495, DQ992496, and DQ992501), respectively. The identified KNP allele (SLA-2*1501) clustered with previously defined alleles for Korean pigs (SLA-2*kn02 and SLA-2*jh01), but SLA-2*1601 (KNP) and SLA-2*w08hy01 (KJP) alleles showed no significant genetic relationships with any other allele. A sequence comparison revealed that KNP has departed from KJP both genetically and phenotypically. The results of SLA-2 SNP in KNP and KJP reported here will serve as the SLA-2 reference for Korean pigs. C1 [Chung, Hoyoung; Kim, Jaeyoung] Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Seonghwan 333801, Cheonan, South Korea. [Chung, Hoyoung; McClure, Matthew] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Barc E Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chung, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Sci, Anim Genet Improvement Div, Seonghwan 333801, Cheonan, South Korea. EM chung133@korea.kr OI McClure, Matthew/0000-0002-7474-1368 FU Production of Bio-Organs Research and Development Center in Rural Development Administration (RDA) in Korea FX This work was supported in part by governmental funds appropriated to the Production of Bio-Organs Research and Development Center in Rural Development Administration (RDA) in Korea. This experiment was a contributing project to National Institute of Animal Science Bio-Organ Production Regional Project 20070401034029 "Construction of BAC library from minipig and sequence analysis of SLA class I and II region in pig". Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1976-9571 J9 GENES GENOM JI Genes Genom. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s13258-010-0112-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 813EF UT WOS:000294348900005 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Roh, MS AF Lee, Jong-Suk Roh, Mark S. TI Propagation, nutrition managements, and controlled flowering of Correa 'Mannii' as a potted plant SO HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adventitious root formation; australian fuchsia; foliar analysis; forcing; new flowers; photoperiod; temperature ID CHAMELAUCIUM-UNCINATUM SCHAUER; ADVENTITIOUS ROOT-FORMATION; STEM CUTTINGS; STOCK PLANTS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; JUVENILITY; POSITION AB Australian natives Correa 'Mannii' and C. reflexa (Rutaceae) have been considered suitable as a flowering potted plant. However, comprehensive information on the most effective propagation method, nutrition management, and their impact on propagation and flowering is unavailable. The influence of temperature and photoperiod treatments to control flowering have not been determined. This study was initiated to propagate Correa 'Mannii' by the rooting of cuttings and evaluate the effects of rooting hormone treatment, and single node location on the shoot. Treatment methods such as dipping vs. spray application of the rooting hormone were evaluated. The growth and flowering responses of C. 'Mannii' and C. reflexa as they may be influenced by fertilizer treatments, the interaction of photoperiod, temperature were also evaluated. The rooting of cuttings in C. 'Mannii' was promoted by spraying stock plants with IBA-K and applying 1 g per pot of slow release fertilizer (SRL). Correa does not require high levels of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), or several other macro- and micro-elements for normal growth, suggesting that Correa may not require high levels of nutrition during it's culture or to induce flowering. The total numbers of flowers and shoots with flowers were not affected when plants received 2 g per pot of SRL. Correa 'Mannii' flowered freely as compared to C. reflexa which indicates that there is significant genetic variation with respect to environmental and nutritional factors affacting flowering. Our results indicate that C. 'Mannii' is a long day plant, requiring only 30 days of 21/18 (day/night temperature) and long day (LD) treatments to accelerate flowering. C1 [Lee, Jong-Suk] Seoul Womens Univ, Dept Hort Biotechnol & Landscape Architecture, Seoul 139774, South Korea. [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Seoul Womens Univ, Dept Hort Biotechnol & Landscape Architecture, Seoul 139774, South Korea. EM swulan@swu.ac.kr NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI SUWON PA C/O NATL HORTICULTURAL RES INST, IMOK-DONG 475, JANGAN-GU, SUWON, 440-706, SOUTH KOREA SN 2211-3452 J9 HORTIC ENVIRON BIOTE JI Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 52 IS 4 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s13580-011-0023-x PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 813IO UT WOS:000294360300005 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE McGrath, JM AF Hanson, L. E. McGrath, J. M. TI Rhizoctonia seedling disease on sugar beet SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE disease control; Rhizoctonia solani; seedlings; sugarbeet ID ROOT-ROT; ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; BETA-VULGARIS; SOLANI; RESISTANCE; PATHOGENICITY; REGISTRATION; CROWN; TEMPERATURE; GERMPLASM AB Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off can cause losses in sugar beet as well as providing inoculum for later root rot. The disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The pathogen has several subgroups, anastomosis groups (AG), of which AG-4 has historically been associated with damping-off, while AG-2-2 is the major cause of mature plant root rot. Recently little AG-4 had been isolated in Michigan, although damping-off was occurring. In this work, the subgroups of R. solani associated with seedlings in the Michigan Sugar growing area was investigated, and approximately 80% of seedling isolates were found to be AG-2-2. Germplasm was identified that varies in response to AG-2-2 isolates which may provide additional options for damping-off management in the future. C1 [Hanson, L. E.; McGrath, J. M.] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hanson, LE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res Unit, 498 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM linda.hanson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1352 BP 584 EP 589 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 815IO UT WOS:000294519500029 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Pucci, TM Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Pucci, Thomas M. Hanula, James L. TI The importance of forest type, tree species and wood posture to saproxylic wasp (Hymenoptera) communities in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Canopy; Coarse woody debris; Vertical distribution; Vertical stratification ID COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; PINE-BEETLE; HIGH STUMPS; HABITAT; SPRUCE; IPS; CONSERVATION; NORWAY; LOGS AB Although the forests of the southeastern United States are among the most productive and diverse in North America, information needed to develop conservation guidelines for the saproxylic (i.e., dependent on dead wood) fauna endemic to the region is lacking. Particularly little is known about the habitat associations and requirements of saproxylic parasitoids even though these organisms may be even more vulnerable than their hosts. We sampled parasitoids emerging from dead wood taken from two forest types (an upland pine-dominated forest and a lowland hardwood-dominated forest), three tree species (Liquidambar styraciflua L., Pinus taeda L., and Quercus nigra L.) and two wood postures (standing dead trees (i.e., snags) and fallen logs) in South Carolina. Parasitoid abundance did not differ between forest types or among tree species, but did differ between wood postures, being higher in snags than logs. This difference may have been due to the logs being in contact with the ground or surrounding vegetation and therefore less accessible to parasitoids. Parasitoid abundance and density decreased with height on both snags and logs. Species richness did not differ between forest types, among tree species or between wood postures. According to analysis of similarities, parasitoid communities did not differ between forest types, but did differ among tree species. The wasp communities associated with the different tree species and posture combinations were distinct. In addition, communities associated with the upper boles and crowns of snags were distinct from those occurring lower on snags. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining tree diversity in managed forests as well as retaining or creating entire snags at the time of harvest. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Pucci, Thomas M.] Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30606 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX We thank Scott Horn and Mike Cody for assisting with field work and Hans Clebsch (Diapriidae), Kaloyan Ivanov (Formicidae) and Elijah Talmas (Platygastridae) for assisting with specimen identification. We also thank the editor and an anonymous reviewer for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the US Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 15 IS 4 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1007/s10841-010-9348-5 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 814MT UT WOS:000294460300004 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CA Schisler, DA Price, NP Vaughn, SF AF Dunlap, Christopher A. Schisler, David A. Price, Neil P. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Cyclic Lipopeptide Profile of Three Bacillus subtilis Strains; Antagonists of Fusarium Head Blight SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; iturin; fengycin; wheat; biocontrol; lipopeptides ID FLIGHT-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ITURIN-A; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; PLANT-GROWTH; ANTIBIOTICS; WHEAT; BIOCONTROL; FENGYCIN AB The objective of the study was to identify the lipopetides associated with three Bacillus subtilis strains. The strains are antagonists of Gibberella zeae, and have been shown to be effective in reducing Fusarium head blight in wheat. The lipopeptide profile of three B. subtilis strains (AS43.3, AS43.4, and OH131.1) was determined using mass spectroscopy. Strains AS43.3 and AS43.4 produced the anti-fungal lipopeptides from the iturin and fengycin family during the stationary growth phase. All three strains produced the lipopeptide surfactin at different growth times. Strain OH131.1 only produced surfactin under these conditions. The antifungal activity of the culture supernatant and individual lipopeptides was determined by the inhibition of G. zeae. Cell-free supernatant from strains AS43.3 and AS43.4 demonstrated strong antibiosis of G. zeae, while strain OH131.1 had no antibiosis activity. These results suggest a different mechanism of antagonism for strain OH131.1, relative to AS43.3 and AS43.4. C1 [Dunlap, Christopher A.; Schisler, David A.; Price, Neil P.; Vaughn, Steven F.] ARS, Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Sacramento, CA USA. USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunlap, CA (reprint author), ARS, Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Sacramento, CA USA. EM christopher.dunlap@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 36 PU MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREA PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-8873 J9 J MICROBIOL JI J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 603 EP 609 DI 10.1007/s12275-011-1044-y PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 814IX UT WOS:000294443100011 PM 21887643 ER PT J AU Camara, M Chen, C AF Camara, Mark Chen, Chao TI IDENTIFICATION OF GENES AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN PACIFIC OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) LARVAE THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO VIBRIO TUBIASHII EXTRACELLULAR PRODUCTS AND HIGH SEAWATER pCO(2). SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Camara, Mark] USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Chen, Chao] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 491 EP 491 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200065 ER PT J AU Camara, MD Johnson, MA Matson, SE Langdon, CJ AF Camara, Mark D. Johnson, Marc A. Matson, Sean E. Langdon, Christopher J. TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF STRESS-RELATED GENES AND FIELD PERFORMANCE. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Camara, Mark D.; Johnson, Marc A.] ARS, USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Matson, Sean E.; Langdon, Christopher J.] NMFS NW Reg, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 491 EP 491 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200066 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, BR Ruesink, JL Trimble, AC AF Dumbauld, Brett R. Ruesink, Jennifer L. Trimble, Alan C. TI OYSTER RESTORATION GOALS FOR WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON SHOULD REFLECT THE PROMINENT ROLE OF AQUACULTURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ruesink, Jennifer L.; Trimble, Alan C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 501 EP 501 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200101 ER PT J AU Richards, GP AF Richards, Gary P. TI INACCURACIES IN PREDICTING NOROVIRUS INACTIVATION USING SURROGATE VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richards, Gary P.] Delaware State Univ, USDA, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200259 ER PT J AU Glenn, EM Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Olson, GS AF Glenn, Elizabeth M. Anthony, Robert G. Forsman, Eric D. Olson, Gail S. TI Reproduction of Northern Spotted Owls: The Role of Local Weather and Regional Climate SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate; mixed models; northern spotted owl; Pacific Northwest; reproduction; Strix occidentalis caurina; weather ID DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; HABITAT SELECTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FLYING SQUIRRELS; BREEDING SUCCESS; SMALL MAMMALS; BARRED OWLS; SURVIVAL AB We examined associations between annual reproduction and climate for 6 populations of individually marked northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in Washington and Oregon. We used an information-theoretical approach and mixed models to evaluate statistical models representing a priori hypotheses about the effects of weather and climate on reproduction. Reproduction was higher for adult than subadult owls and declined as the proportion of spotted owl territories with barred owl (Strix varia) detections increased. Similar to other spotted owl studies, we found that reproduction was negatively associated with cold, wet winters and nesting seasons at 3 of 6 study areas. In addition, we identified new relationships between reproduction, annual precipitation, storms, and regional climate cycles. For 3 of 6 areas, we found a quadratic relation between precipitation (rain and snow) and reproduction, with the number of young fledged per pair per year declining as precipitation in the previous year deviated from average levels. A meta-analysis conducted across all 6 areas indicated that reproduction at the regional level had a quadratic association with total winter snowfall in the preceding winter and was positively related to temperatures during the previous summer and fall. The amount of annual variation in reproduction accounted for by weather and climate varied widely across the 6 areas (4-79%), whereas variation in weather and climate across owl territories accounted for little of the spatial variation in reproduction (0-4%). Our results suggest that across the range of the species climate factors affecting prey abundance may have a greater effect on reproduction than direct effects of weather on nestlings. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Glenn, Elizabeth M.; Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Glenn, EM (reprint author), USFWS, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Ste 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM betsyglenn1@gmail.com FU United States Forest Service; United States Bureau of Land Management; National Park Service; National Science Foundation FX Our research was funded by United States Forest Service, United States Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and the National Science Foundation. We are indebted to the dedicated field crew leaders and many field biologists who collected the demographic data over the past several decades. C. Pereira and G. Taylor provided helpful reviews of early versions of this paper. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1279 EP 1294 DI 10.1002/jwmg.177 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806DU UT WOS:000293787100004 ER PT J AU Clements, GM Hygnstrom, SE Gilsdorf, JM Baasch, DM Clements, MJ Vercauteren, KC AF Clements, Gregory M. Hygnstrom, Scott E. Gilsdorf, Jason M. Baasch, David M. Clements, Myndi J. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Movements of White-Tailed Deer in Riparian Habitat: Implications for Infectious Diseases SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; dispersal; home range; male; migration; movements; Odocoileus virginianus; radio-telemetry; white-tailed deer ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; HOME-RANGE; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; NATAL DISPERSAL; MULE DEER; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN AB Movements of male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are of great concern with respect to spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) across landscapes because most yearlings males disperse and adult males have higher prevalence of CWD than do females and younger deer. We radiocollared and monitored 85 male white-tailed deer in the middle Missouri River Valley of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, USA from 2004 to 2008. Average size (+/- SE) of fixed-kernel annual home ranges (95%) and core areas (50%) for resident deer were 449 (+/- 32) ha and 99 (+/- 7) ha, respectively. Resident deer exhibited a high-degree of fidelity to their home ranges. Mean overlap between consecutive annual home ranges and core areas was 81% and 74%, respectively. Average dispersal distance was 17.7 +/- 4.5 km (range = 3-121 km) for 22 radio-marked and 6 ear-tagged yearlings. Mean spring dispersal distance (25 km) was 150% greater than fall (10 km). Dispersal direction from Desoto National Wildlife Refuge (DNWR) was bimodal on a northwest to southeast axis that followed the Missouri River corridor. Of 22 yearlings that dispersed 18 (82%) established adult home ranges within the river valley. Dispersal movements of yearling males represent the greatest risk for rapid spread of diseases from infected source populations. Disease management efforts in riparian habitats should target male fawns and yearling males for removal in areas within or immediately adjacent to river corridors. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Clements, Gregory M.; Hygnstrom, Scott E.; Baasch, David M.; Clements, Myndi J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gilsdorf, Jason M.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Clements, GM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 244 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gclements2@unl.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services; Wildlife Services-National Wildlife Research Center; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Bowhunters Association; Cabela's, Inc.; University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX Support for this research was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services-National Wildlife Research Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Geological Survey, Nebraska Bowhunters Association, Cabela's, Inc., and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. We offer special thanks to L. Klimek, M. Sheets, and the staff of DeSoto and Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuges for allowing us access to conduct research, in addition to providing housing, fuel, and assistance in the field. We also thank the many technicians, volunteers, and colleagues who assisted in capturing deer and collecting and analyzing data, especially J. Boner, M. Clements, S. Clements, C. Frost, T. Hefley, and R. Woods. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1436 EP 1442 DI 10.1002/jwmg.183 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806DU UT WOS:000293787100018 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Stone, DS AF Zelinka, S. L. Stone, D. S. TI The effect of tannins and pH on the corrosion of steel in wood extracts SO MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; FRESHLY FELLED HARDWOODS; ZINC-BASED MATERIALS; BLACK LIQUORS; TAFEL SLOPES; PRESERVATIVES; SPECTROSCOPY; ACID; POLYPHENOLS; SOFTWOODS AB Tannins and pH are often cited as factors that affect the corrosiveness of wood yet there are few data to confirm these statements. The purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the effect of tannins and pH on corrosion of metals in wood. Four wood species known to vary in both their pH and extractives were chosen and extracted with water. The pH, tannin content, and corrosion rate of carbon steel were determined for each extract. To test if pH and tannin were the only factors influencing corrosion, "synthetic'' extracts were made by adding tannins to distilled water and adjusting the pH. At a given pH, increasing the tannin content inhibited corrosion and at a given level of tannin content, lowering the pH increased corrosion. An isocorrosion map as a function of pH and tannins was developed by using simple kinetic models to extrapolate the data. The data may be useful in estimating the relative corrosiveness of new, nonmetallic wood preservatives based upon the chemistry of naturally durable wood species. C1 [Zelinka, S. L.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Stone, D. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 FU US. Federal Highway Administration FX This work was partially funded by the US. Federal Highway Administration under the Cooperative Research Program for Covered Bridges. The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. This paper was written and prepared by US Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-5117 J9 MATER CORROS JI Mater. Corros. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 62 IS 8 BP 739 EP 744 DI 10.1002/maco.201005845 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 812WR UT WOS:000294324400001 ER PT J AU Spiwok, V French, AD AF Spiwok, Vojtech French, Alfred D. TI Modelling the Effect of Solvents on Carbohydrates SO MINI-REVIEWS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbohydrate; solvation; conformation; continuum solvent model ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; FREE-ENERGY SURFACES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GAS-PHASE; HYDRATED MONOSACCHARIDES; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; GLUCOPYRANOSE RING; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CONFORMATIONS AB Carbohydrates are polar molecules and their conformational and anomeric equilibrium can be strongly influenced by solvents. This review provides examples of studies addressing different issues of glycochemistry, such as anomeric equilibrium, conformational changes in rings, modelling of inter-residue linkages or complex carbohydrates and formation of carbohydrate-protein complexes. All these phenomena provide benchmark systems for testing of different solvent models. C1 [Spiwok, Vojtech] Prague Inst Chem Technol, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Spiwok, Vojtech] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dept Struct & Funct Saccharides, Ctr Glyc, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Spiwok, V (reprint author), Prague Inst Chem Technol, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Tech 3, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. EM spiwokv@vscht.cz RI Spiwok, Vojtech/A-7747-2008 OI Spiwok, Vojtech/0000-0001-8108-2033 FU Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [MSM6046137305] FX Support from the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MSM6046137305) is acknowledged. We also thank the reviewers for their fruitful comments and help. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-193X J9 MINI-REV ORG CHEM JI Mini-Rev. Org. Chem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 813ZE UT WOS:000294408500005 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE AF Wedge, D. E. TI Agrochemical Applications for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research CY SEP 04-09, 2011 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res C1 [Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1232 EP 1232 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 810PT UT WOS:000294139000012 ER PT J AU Ronsted, N Stafford, GI Meerow, AW Petersen, G Van Staden, J Jager, AK AF Ronsted, N. Stafford, G., I Meerow, A. W. Petersen, G. Van Staden, J. Jager, A. K. TI What can phylogeny tell us about chemical diversity? SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research CY SEP 04-09, 2011 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res DE Amaryllidaceae; phylogeny; chemical diversity; lead discovery C1 [Ronsted, N.; Stafford, G., I; Jager, A. K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Med Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Meerow, A. W.] USDA, Miami, FL USA. [Petersen, G.] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Bot Gardens, DK-1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Van Staden, J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, ZA-3209 Scottsville Pietermaritz, South Africa. RI Petersen, Gitte/H-1903-2011; Stafford, Gary/E-8668-2011 OI Petersen, Gitte/0000-0002-2325-0059; Stafford, Gary/0000-0003-0198-0955 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1245 EP 1245 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 810PT UT WOS:000294139000057 ER PT J AU Demirci, B Alqasoumi, SI Al Rehaily, AJ Al Yahya, MA Yusufoglu, HS Tabanca, N Wedge, DE Demirci, F Becnel, JJ Bernier, UR Baser, KHC AF Demirci, B. Alqasoumi, S., I Al Rehaily, A. J. Al Yahya, M. A. Yusufoglu, H. S. Tabanca, N. Wedge, D. E. Demirci, F. Becnel, J. J. Bernier, U. R. Baser, K. H. C. TI Phoenix dactylifera L. essential oil: Chemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research CY SEP 04-09, 2011 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res C1 [Demirci, B.; Demirci, F.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Alqasoumi, S., I; Al Rehaily, A. J.; Al Yahya, M. A.] King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Yusufoglu, H. S.] Al Kharj Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia. [Tabanca, N.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Becnel, J. J.; Bernier, U. R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Baser, K. H. C.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; Demirci, Fatih /A-8295-2008 OI Demirci, Fatih /0000-0003-1497-3017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1302 EP 1302 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 810PT UT WOS:000294139000294 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, B Blythe, EK Bernier, UR Ali, A Wedge, DE Khan, IA Baser, KHC AF Tabanca, N. Demirci, B. Blythe, E. K. Bernier, U. R. Ali, A. Wedge, D. E. Khan, I. A. Baser, K. H. C. TI Composition of Artemisia abrotanum and A. pontica Essential Oils and Their Repellent Activity against Aedes aegypti SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research CY SEP 04-09, 2011 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res C1 [Tabanca, N.; Ali, A.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.; Baser, K. H. C.] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Blythe, E. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, S Mississippi Branch, Expt Stn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Bernier, U. R.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Khan, I. A.] King Saud Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Coll Pharm, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Baser, K. H. C.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1305 EP 1305 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 810PT UT WOS:000294139000306 ER PT J AU Travasarou, A Vougogiannopoulou, K Fokialakis, N Cantrell, C Skaltsounis, AL AF Travasarou, A. Vougogiannopoulou, K. Fokialakis, N. Cantrell, C. Skaltsounis, A. L. TI Phytochemical investigation of the Neotropical plant Strychnos aff. darienensis SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research CY SEP 04-09, 2011 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res C1 [Travasarou, A.; Vougogiannopoulou, K.; Fokialakis, N.; Skaltsounis, A. L.] Univ Athens, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Cantrell, C.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1390 EP 1391 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 810PT UT WOS:000294139000644 ER PT J AU Katiki, LM Chagas, AS Bizzo, HR Ferreira, JF Amarante, AF AF Katiki, L. M. Chagas, A. S. Bizzo, H. R. Ferreira, J. F. Amarante, A. F. TI Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Cymbopogon martinii essential oils evaluated by four different in vitro tests SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research CY SEP 04-09, 2011 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res DE Anthelmintic activity; essential oils; Cymbopogon schoenanthus; Cymbopogon martinii ID CONDENSED TANNINS C1 [Katiki, L. M.] Inst Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil. [Chagas, A. S.] Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Bizzo, H. R.] Embrapa Agroind Alimentos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Ferreira, J. F.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. [Amarante, A. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dep Parasitol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RI Chagas, Ana/B-9808-2012; Amarante, Alessandro/C-8773-2012; Bizzo, Humberto/I-4960-2012; Chagas, A. C. S./H-7751-2013 OI Amarante, Alessandro/0000-0003-3995-5501; Bizzo, Humberto/0000-0001-5370-6478; Chagas, A. C. S./0000-0003-3939-0088 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1449 EP 1449 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 810PT UT WOS:000294139000877 ER PT J AU Aspinwall, MJ King, JS Booker, FL McKeand, SE AF Aspinwall, Michael J. King, John S. Booker, Fitzgerald L. McKeand, Steven E. TI Genetic effects on total phenolics, condensed tannins and non-structural carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon allocation; clone; condensed tannins; nutrient cycling; phenolics; productivity ID ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES; ELEVATED CO2; SLASH PINE; SCOTS PINE; SECONDARY METABOLISM; NEODIPRION-LECONTEI; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; TREMBLING ASPEN; QUAKING ASPEN AB Carbon allocation to soluble phenolics (total phenolics, proanthocyanidins (PA)) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC; starch and soluble sugars) in needles of widely planted, highly productive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes could impact stand resistance to herbivory, and biogeochemical cycling in the southeastern USA. However, genetic and growth-related effects on loblolly pine needle chemistry are not well characterized. Therefore, we investigated genetic and growth-related effects on foliar concentrations of total phenolics, PA and TNC in two different field studies. The first study contained nine different genotypes representing a range of genetic homogeneity, growing in a 2-year-old plantation on the coastal plain of North Carolina (NC), USA. The second study contained eight clones with different growth potentials planted in a 9-year-old clonal trial replicated at two sites (Georgia (GA) and South Carolina (SC), USA). In the first study (NC), we found no genetic effects on total phenolics, PA and TNC, and there was no relationship between genotype size and foliar biochemistry. In the second study, there were no differences in height growth between sites, but the SC site showed greater diameter (diameter at breast height (DBH)) and volume, most likely due to greater tree mortality (lower stocking) which reduced competition for resources and increased growth of remaining trees. We found a significant site x clone effect for total phenolics with lower productivity clones showing 27-30% higher total phenolic concentrations at the GA site where DBH and volume were lower. In contrast to the predictions of growth-defense theory, clone volume was positively associated with total phenolic concentrations at the higher volume SC site, and PA concentrations at the lower volume GA site. Overall, we found no evidence of a trade-off between genotype size and defense, and genetic potential for improved growth may include increased allocation to some secondary metabolites. These results imply that deployment of more productive loblolly pine genotypes will not reduce stand resistance to herbivory, but increased production of total phenolics and PA associated with higher genotype growth potential could reduce litter decomposition rates and therefore, nutrient availability. C1 [Aspinwall, Michael J.; King, John S.; McKeand, Steven E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [King, John S.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Aspinwall, MJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mike_aspinwall@mail.utexas.edu RI Aspinwall, Mike/M-2083-2014 OI Aspinwall, Mike/0000-0003-0199-2972 FU North Carolina State University (NCSU); Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; USDA; NCSU Cooperative Tree Improvement Program FX This study was funded by the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Donald Moreland Endowed Graduate Fellowship, the NCSU Cooperative Tree Improvement Program and the Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources. Additional support was provided by the USDA Forest Service Southern Global Change Program. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 8 BP 831 EP 842 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpr073 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 815VL UT WOS:000294558000005 PM 21831860 ER PT J AU Baldwin, TT Riley, RT Zitomer, NC Voss, KA Coulombe, RA Pestka, JJ Williams, DE Glenn, AE AF Baldwin, T. T. Riley, R. T. Zitomer, N. C. Voss, K. A. Coulombe, R. A., Jr. Pestka, J. J. Williams, D. E. Glenn, A. E. TI The current state of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals and the potential for application to plant systems SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; deoxynivalenol; trichothecenes; fumonisin; ochratoxin; zearalenone ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; MAIZE EAR ROT; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; OCHRATOXIN-A; FUMONISIN PRODUCTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ZEA-MAYS; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; AFLATOXIN B-1 AB Filamentous fungi that contaminate livestock feeds and human food supply often produce toxigenic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone are considered the most commercially important. Intense research on these mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, has resulted in the development of 'biomarkers' used to link exposure to disease risk. In the case of aflatoxin this effort has led to the discovery of both exposure and mechanism-based biomarkers, which have proven essential for understanding aflatoxin's potential for causing disease in humans, including subtle effects on growth and immune response. Fumonisin biomarkers have also been used extensively in farm and laboratory animals to study the fumonisin-induced disruption of cellular and systemic physiology which leads to disease. This review summarises the status of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals for the commercially important mycotoxins. Since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonise living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms. The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants. This review examines the question of whether or not the knowledge gained from mechanistic studies and development of biomarkers in animal and human systems is transferable to the study of mycotoxin effects on plant systems. Thus far, fumonisin has proven amenable to development of mechanism-based biomarkers to study maize seedling disease caused by the fumonisin producer, Fusarium verticillioides. Expanding our knowledge of mechanisms of toxicity and the overt and subtle effects on animal, human, and plant systems through the identification and validation of biomarkers will further our ability to monitor and limit the damage and economic impact of mycotoxins. C1 [Baldwin, T. T.; Riley, R. T.; Zitomer, N. C.; Voss, K. A.; Glenn, A. E.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Coulombe, R. A., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pestka, J. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Williams, D. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Baldwin, T. T.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Baldwin, TT (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM anthony.glenn@ars.usda.gov RI Coulombe, Roger/G-7523-2012 FU USDA-ARS; US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and NRI [2007-35205-17880]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) FX This work was supported in part by the USDA-ARS (AEG, TB, NZ, RTR, KAY), the USDA under a cooperative project with US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative (JJP), and in part by Public Health Service Grant ES 3358 (JJP) from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and NRI competitive grant 2007-35205-17880 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) Animal Genome Program (RAC). Support was also provided by the USDA-CSREES Project W-2122: Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Natural, Bioactive Dietary Chemicals on Human Health and Food Safety. Any findings, opinions, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USDA. NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 32 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 EI 1875-0796 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.3920/WMJ2011.1292 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 813MJ UT WOS:000294371200005 ER PT J AU Wang, D Xu, WL Sun, G Chiou, BS AF Wang, Dong Xu, Weilin Sun, Gang Chiou, Bor-sen TI Radical Graft Polymerization of an Allyl Monomer onto Hydrophilic Polymers and Their Antibacterial Nanofibrous Membranes SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE radical graft polymerization; hydrophilic polymers; antibacterial nanofibrous membranes ID QUATERNIZED CHITOSAN; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); FABRICATION; FILMS; COPOLYMERIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; POLYETHYLENE; CHEMISTRY; FIBERS; BEADS AB Hydrophilic poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) copolymers with 27 mol %, 32 mol % and 44 mol % ethylene were functionalized by. melt radical graft copolymerization with 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine (NDAM) using reactive extrusion. This functionalization imparts antibacterial properties. The covalent attachments of the NDAM as side chains onto the PVA-co-PE polymer backbones were confirmed. The effects of initiator concentrations and ethylene contents in PVA-co-PE polymers on grafting of NDAM were studied. The chain scissions of PVA-co-PE polymers during reactive extrusion were investigated by monitoring changes in the melt torque and FTIR spectra. The NDAM grafted PVA-co-PE polymers were successfully fabricated into hydrophilic nanofibers and nanofibrous membranes with sufficient surface exposure of the grafted NDAM. The hydrophilicity of the PVA-co-PE polymers and the large specific surface area offered by the nanofiber membranes significantly facilitated the chlorine activation process, enhanced the active chlorine contents of the grafted PVA-co-PE nanofiber membranes, and therefore led to their superior antibacterial properties. C1 [Wang, Dong; Sun, Gang] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Dong; Xu, Weilin] Wu Han Text Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. [Chiou, Bor-sen] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-08-1-0005]; National Nature Science Foundation [51003083] FX D.W. and G.S. are grateful for the financial support from Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-08-1-0005). D.W. is also thankful to National Nature Science Foundation (51003083). NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG PY 2011 VL 3 IS 8 BP 2838 EP 2844 DI 10.1021/am200286a PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 810SH UT WOS:000294146900005 PM 21749066 ER PT J AU Cavagnaro, PF Chung, SM Manin, S Yildiz, M Ali, A Alessandro, MS Iorizzo, M Senalik, DA Simon, PW AF Cavagnaro, Pablo F. Chung, Sang-Min Manin, Sylvie Yildiz, Mehtap Ali, Aamir Alessandro, Maria S. Iorizzo, Massimo Senalik, Douglas A. Simon, Philipp W. TI Microsatellite isolation and marker development in carrot - genomic distribution, linkage mapping, genetic diversity analysis and marker transferability across Apiaceae SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DAUCUS-CAROTA L.; HYBRIDIZATION SELECTION; SEQUENCE REPEATS; WIDE ANALYSIS; AFLP MARKERS; SSR-MARKERS; DNA; LOCI; POPULATION; MUTATION AB Background: The Apiaceae family includes several vegetable and spice crop species among which carrot is the most economically important member, with similar to 21 million tons produced yearly worldwide. Despite its importance, molecular resources in this species are relatively underdeveloped. The availability of informative, polymorphic, and robust PCR-based markers, such as microsatellites (or SSRs), will facilitate genetics and breeding of carrot and other Apiaceae, including integration of linkage maps, tagging of phenotypic traits and assisting positional gene cloning. Thus, with the purpose of isolating carrot microsatellites, two different strategies were used; a hybridization-based library enrichment for SSRs, and bioinformatic mining of SSRs in BAC-end sequence and EST sequence databases. This work reports on the development of 300 carrot SSR markers and their characterization at various levels. Results: Evaluation of microsatellites isolated from both DNA sources in subsets of 7 carrot F-2 mapping populations revealed that SSRs from the hybridization-based method were longer, had more repeat units and were more polymorphic than SSRs isolated by sequence search. Overall, 196 SSRs (65.1%) were polymorphic in at least one mapping population, and the percentage of polymophic SSRs across F-2 populations ranged from 17.8 to 24.7. Polymorphic markers in one family were evaluated in the entire F-2, allowing the genetic mapping of 55 SSRs (38 codominant) onto the carrot reference map. The SSR loci were distributed throughout all 9 carrot linkage groups (LGs), with 2 to 9 SSRs/LG. In addition, SSR evaluations in carrot-related taxa indicated that a significant fraction of the carrot SSRs transfer successfully across Apiaceae, with heterologous amplification success rate decreasing with the target-species evolutionary distance from carrot. SSR diversity evaluated in a collection of 65 D. carota accessions revealed a high level of polymorphism for these selected loci, with an average of 19 alleles/locus and 0.84 expected heterozygosity. Conclusions: The addition of 55 SSRs to the carrot map, together with marker characterizations in six other mapping populations, will facilitate future comparative mapping studies and integration of carrot maps. The markers developed herein will be a valuable resource for assisting breeding, genetic, diversity, and genomic studies of carrot and other Apiaceae. C1 [Senalik, Douglas A.; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cavagnaro, Pablo F.; Alessandro, Maria S.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Agr, Estac Expt Agr Consulta, RA-5567 Mendoza, Argentina. [Cavagnaro, Pablo F.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Chung, Sang-Min] Dongguk Univ, Dept Life Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Yildiz, Mehtap] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-65080 Van, Turkey. [Ali, Aamir] Univ Sargodha, Dept Biol Sci, Sargodha, Pakistan. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Philipp.Simon@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors acknowledge Anne E. Atkins for valuable assistance on experiments concerning marker evaluations. This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. NR 58 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 42 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 386 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-386 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 812KN UT WOS:000294292400002 PM 21806822 ER PT J AU Verbruggen, SC Schierbeek, H Coss-Bu, J Joosten, KFM Castillo, L van Goudoever, JB AF Verbruggen, Sascha C. Schierbeek, Henk Coss-Bu, Jorge Joosten, Koen F. M. Castillo, Leticia van Goudoever, Johannes B. TI Albumin synthesis rates in post-surgical infants and septic adolescents; influence of amino acids, energy, and insulin SO CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PICU; Parenteral nutrition; Hepatic protein synthesis; Anabolism ID MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CRITICALLY-ILL CHILDREN; ACUTE-PHASE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; METABOLIC-RESPONSE; PRETERM INFANTS; PLASMA-ALBUMIN; LIVER PROTEIN; SERUM-ALBUMIN AB Background & aims: To investigate the effects of glucose, parenteral amino acids, and intravenous insulin on albumin synthesis rates in critically ill children. Methods: Two studies were performed in 8 post-surgical infants (age 9.8 +/- 1.9 months; weight 9.5 +/- 1.1 kg) and 9 septic adolescents (age 15 +/- 1 yr; BMI 23 +/- 4 kg m(-2)), respectively. All received a primed, constant, tracer infusion with [1-(13)C]Leucine. The infants in study 1 were randomized to receive low (2.5 mg kg(-1) min(-1)) and standard (5.0 mg kg(-1) min(-1)) glucose intake in a cross-over setting of two periods of 4 h each. The adolescents in study 2 were randomized to receive total parenteral nutrition with standard (1.5 g kg(-1) day(-1)) and high (3.0 g kg(-1) day(-1)) amino acid intake in a two day cross-over setting. On both study days, during the last 3 h of the tracer study, they received insulin infused at 80 mU m(-2) min(-1). Results: The post-surgical infants and the septic adolescents were mildly hypoalbuminemic (similar to 2.5 g dL(-1)) with high synthesis rates, which were not affected by different intakes of glucose, amino acids, or insulin infusion. Conclusions: Albumin synthesis rates in hypoalbuminemic critically ill children are high but were not upregulated through nutrient supply, and in septic adolescents are unaffected by insulin. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved. C1 [Verbruggen, Sascha C.; Schierbeek, Henk; Joosten, Koen F. M.; van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Verbruggen, Sascha C.; Coss-Bu, Jorge] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Verbruggen, Sascha C.; Coss-Bu, Jorge] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Castillo, Leticia] Univ Texas SW, Childrens Med Ctr Dallas, Div Crit Care Med, Dallas, TX USA. [van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Emma Childrens Hosp, Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP van Goudoever, JB (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Kamer 9D11,De Boelelaan 1117,Postbus 7057, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM S.verbruggen@erasmusmc.nl FU Sophia Foundation of Scientific Research (SSWO) FX This study was supported by the Sophia Foundation of Scientific Research (SSWO). The sponsor had no influence on protocol design, data acquisition, the writing or the decision to publish the data. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0261-5614 J9 CLIN NUTR JI Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.02.001 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 809DT UT WOS:000294032700011 PM 21367495 ER PT J AU James, RR AF James, R. R. TI Chalkbrood Transmission in the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee: the Impact of Disinfecting Bee Cocoons in Loose Cell Management Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa leafcutting bees; alfalfa; bees; chalkbrood; disease transmission ID MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; HYMENOPTERA; PACIFICA AB Understanding pathogen transmission could illuminate new methods for disease prevention. A case in point is chalkbrood in the alfalfa leafcutting bee [Megachile rotundata (F.)]. Propagation of this solitary bee is severely hampered by chalkbrood, a larval disease caused by Ascosphaera aggregata (Ascomycota). Alfalfa leafcutting bees nest in existing cavities in wood or hollow reeds and overwinter as larvae. In the early summer, emerging adults frequently must chew through dead, diseased siblings that block their exit, becoming contaminated with chalkbrood spores in the process. When alfalfa leafcutting bees are used as a commercial pollinator, the cocoons are removed from nesting boards to reduce chalkbrood transmission, but the disease is still common. To determine if these removed cocoons (called loose cells) are an important source of disease transmission, they were disinfected with a fungicide before bees were incubated, and released in the field. Chalkbrood prevalence among the progeny of the treated bees was reduced up to 50% in one field trial, but not significantly when tested in an on-farm trial. Thus, substantial disease transmission still occurred when the loose cells were disinfected, and even when clean nesting materials were used. In conclusion, pathogen transmission must still be occurring from another source that has yet to be identified. Another possible source of transmission could arise from bees that emerge midsummer in populations with a high percent of multivoltinism, but dirty nesting boards and feral bees also may be minor sources of transmission. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rosalind.james@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects-Biology, Management & Systematics Research Unit FX This project was funded by the USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects-Biology, Management & Systematics Research Unit. I am indebted to many hours of assistance from C. Huntzinger and E. Klinger. I am also grateful for the assistance of the alfalfa seed growers in the Columbia Basin, particularly H. Estrada, K. Goodrich, D. Pomeroy, D. Roseburg, and D. Underhill. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 782 EP 787 DI 10.1603/EN10138 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810GH UT WOS:000294113300005 PM 22251678 ER PT J AU Evans, LM Hofstetter, RW Ayres, MP Klepzig, KD AF Evans, L. M. Hofstetter, R. W. Ayres, M. P. Klepzig, K. D. TI Temperature Alters the Relative Abundance and Population Growth Rates of Species Within the Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Community SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE species interactions; indirect interactions; climate change; community structure; physiological ecology ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; MINOR HEDGECOCK HUNT; ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; BARK BEETLES; EAST TEXAS; WARMING STRENGTHENS; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI AB Temperature has strong effects on metabolic processes of individuals and demographics of populations, but effects on ecological communities are not well known. Many economically and ecologically important pest species have obligate associations with other organisms; therefore, effects of temperature on these species might be mediated by strong interactions. The southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) harbors a rich community of phoretic mites and fungi that are linked by many strong direct and indirect interactions, providing multiple pathways for temperature to affect the system. We tested the effects of temperature on this community by manipulating communities within naturally infested sections of pine trees. Direct effects of temperature on component species were conspicuous and sometimes predictable based on single-species physiology, but there were also strong indirect effects of temperature via alteration of species interactions that could not have been predicted based on autecological temperature responses. Climatic variation, including directional warming, will likely influence ecological systems through direct physiological effects as well as indirect effects through species interactions. C1 [Evans, L. M.; Ayres, M. P.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hofstetter, R. W.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Klepzig, K. D.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Evans, LM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM lme36@nau.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0316522]; Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA [SRS 06-CA-11330129-047] FX We thank Elisabeth Alden, Jim Duncan, Paul Marino, Khai Tran, and Christine Vendikos for help in collecting and examining beetles, and John Moser for instruction in mite taxonomy. Sharon Martinson, Milica Milunovic, and Liz Wilson provided assistance in the field. We appreciate the help of the staff and researchers at the DeSoto and Bankhead National Forests and the Pineville, LA USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station. Research was supported by National Science Foundation DEB-0316522 and Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA Grant SRS 06-CA-11330129-047. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 824 EP 834 DI 10.1603/EN10208 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810GH UT WOS:000294113300010 PM 22251683 ER PT J AU Wallin, KF Latty, TM Ross, DW AF Wallin, Kimberly F. Latty, Tanya M. Ross, Darrell W. TI Orientation Behavior of the Predator Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid and Host Tree Odors in a Multi-Chambered Olfactometer SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; biological control; host finding behavior; predator-prey interactions; Tsuga spp. ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; HEMIPTERA; TSUGAE; PARASITOIDS; HOMOPTERA; RESPONSES AB We studied the adult ambulatory response of the predator, Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), to odors from its prey, Adelges tsugae Annand, the hemlock woolly adelgid, and foliage of hemlock woolly adelgid, host hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), and other conifers. Both the predator and hemlock woolly adelgid are apparently native to western North America, but the predator is being released in the eastern United States, which has different hemlock species, for biological control of a lineage of hemlock woolly adelgid inadvertently introduced from Japan. L. nigrinus responded to odors from hemlock woolly adelgid host trees, but not to odors from hemlock woolly adelgid. L. nigrinus collected from hemlock woolly adelgid-infested western hemlock were more strongly attracted to odors from western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Rafinesque) Sargent] than eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere] in most trials. Odors from western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) and white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] were as attractive as western hemlock odors whereas odors from Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii variety menziesii (Mirbel)] and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) were avoided. L. nigrinus reared on hemlock woolly adelgid-infested eastern hemlock in the laboratory were lethargic and were not attracted to either eastern or western hemlock odors. Predators collected in the field and tested monthly from December to March responded similarly each month, except February, when they flew rather than walked in the olfactometer, suggesting a period of dispersal or mate finding at that time of year. The implications of these results for programs to release L. nigrinus in the eastern United States for control of hemlock woolly adelgid are discussed. C1 [Wallin, Kimberly F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. [Latty, Tanya M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Ross, Darrell W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wallin, KF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. EM kwallin@uvm.edu FU Oregon State University; University of Vermont; University of Sydney; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [NRS-10]; USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV FX Support from Oregon State University, The University of Vermont, The University of Sydney, and USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station NRS-10 is acknowledged. Funding for this research was from USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV. We thank Brad Onken, Glenn Kohler, Richard Reardon, Scott Salom, and personnel from the Hoyt Arboretum and Weyerhaeuser Company for their assistance in coordinating, collecting, and shipping insect and plant material. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 864 EP 872 DI 10.1603/EN10287 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810GH UT WOS:000294113300014 PM 22251687 ER PT J AU Bergh, JC Zhang, A Meyer, JR Kim, D AF Bergh, J. C. Zhang, A. Meyer, J. R. Kim, D. TI Response of Grape Root Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Neonates to Root Extracts From Vitaceae Species and Rootstocks SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vitacea polistiformis; plant-insect interactions; behavior; roots ID FORMICARIUS-ELEGANTULUS SUMMERS; PSILA-ROSAE; CARROT FLY; CHRYSOMELIDAE LARVAE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FEEDING STIMULANTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HOST LOCATION; CORN ROOTS; COLEOPTERA AB Observations at regular intervals of the location of newly hatched grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), larvae moving freely within circular petri dish bioassays were used to measure and compare their response to dry filter paper discs treated with ethanol- or hexane-based extracts of roots from known and potential Vitaceae hosts and a nonhost. Larvae responded most strongly to discs treated with ethanol extracts, suggesting the presence of behaviorally active, polar compounds associated with roots. In single extract bioassays comparing extract versus solvent treated discs, larvae responded positively to ethanol extracts from all Vitis species and rootstocks and Virginia creeper [Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.], but not to apple (Malus domestica Borkh). Paired extract bioassays, in which an extract from the commercially important 3309 rootstock was used as the standard and presented simultaneously with extracts from other root sources, revealed examples of equal, significantly weaker and significantly stronger responses to the 3309 extract. Extracts of the 420 A and V. riparia 'Gloire' rootstocks appeared to possess qualities that elicited a consistently greater response than to 3309 extract in these pair-wise comparisons. The active compounds were eluted in ethanol during a 30-min extraction; larvae responded equally to 30- and 60-min 3309 root extracts in paired extract bioassays. Larvae responded equally to extracts of 3309 roots from three spatially separate vineyards in northern Virginia. These results are discussed in relation to the subterranean, plant-insect interactions of grape root borer neonates with the numerous native and non-native Vitis species that may serve as hosts in the eastern United States. C1 [Bergh, J. C.] Virginia Tech, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Zhang, A.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Meyer, J. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kim, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bergh, JC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 595 Laurel Grove Rd, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. EM cbergh@vt.edu FU Virginia Wine Board FX We thank T. K. Wolf for constructive input and J. Engelman and J. Nie for technical support. This research was supported by an award to JCB from the Virginia Wine Board. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.1603/EN10281 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810GH UT WOS:000294113300016 PM 22251689 ER PT J AU Silk, PJ Ryall, K Mayo, P Lemay, MA Grant, G Crook, D Cosse, A Fraser, I Sweeney, JD Lyons, DB Pitt, D Scarr, T Magee, D AF Silk, Peter J. Ryall, Krista Mayo, Peter Lemay, Matthew A. Grant, Gary Crook, Damon Cosse, Allard Fraser, Ivich Sweeney, Jon D. Lyons, D. Barry Pitt, Doug Scarr, Taylor Magee, David TI Evidence for a Volatile Pheromone in Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) That Increases Attraction to a Host Foliar Volatile SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; pheromone; kairomone; lactone; green trap ID EMERALD ASH BORER; TETROPIUM-CINNAMOPTERUM KIRBY; GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; PLANT VOLATILES; SEX-PHEROMONE; MELOLONTHA-HIPPOCASTANI; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; FUSCUM F; ALDEHYDES; RESPONSES AB Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of volatiles from virgin female emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire confirmed the emission of (3Z)-lactone [(3Z)-dodecen-12-olide] but not its geometric isomer, (3E)-lactone[(3E)-dodecen-12-olide]. Gas chromatographic/electroantennographic (GC/EAD) analysis of synthetic (3Z)-lactone, which contained 10% (3E)-lactone, showed a strong response of male and female antennae to both isomers. EAG analysis with 0.01- to 100-mu g dosages showed a positive dose response, with females giving significantly higher responses than males. In field experiments with sticky purple prism traps, neither lactone isomer affected catches when combined with ash foliar or cortical volatiles (green leaf volatiles or Phoebe oil, respectively). However, on green prism traps, the (3Z)-lactone significantly increased capture of male A. planipennis when traps were deployed in the canopy. Captures of males on traps with both (3E)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol or with (3Z)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol were increased by 45-100%, respectively, compared with traps baited with just (3Z)-hexenol. In olfactometer bioassays, males were significantly attracted to (3E)-lactone, but not the (3Z)-lactone or a 60:40 (3E):(3Z) blend. The combination of either (3E)- or (3Z)-lactone with Phoebe oil was not significantly attractive to males. Males were highly attracted to (3Z)-hexenol and the (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol combination, providing support for the field trapping results. These data are the first to demonstrate increased attraction with a combination of a pheromone and a green leaf volatile in a Buprestid species. C1 [Silk, Peter J.; Mayo, Peter; Lemay, Matthew A.; Sweeney, Jon D.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. [Ryall, Krista; Grant, Gary; Lyons, D. Barry] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Crook, Damon] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Cosse, Allard] USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Fraser, Ivich] USDA APHIS PPQ, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. [Pitt, Doug] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Wood Fibre Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Scarr, Taylor] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6V5, Canada. [Magee, David] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Chem, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E2, Canada. RP Silk, PJ (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, 1350 Regent St, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. EM psilk@nrcan.gc.ca RI Lemay, Matthew/C-9590-2011; MaGee, David/C-8354-2012; OI MaGee, David/0000-0002-2598-2675 FU Spray Efficacy Research Group International (SERG-I); Canadian Forest Service FX We thank H. Evans, G. Jones, J. Fidgen, D. Dutkiewicz, S. Crispell, K. Wainio, J. St. Amour, A. Kent, N. O'Brien, and K. Watson for technical assistance in Canada. Technical assistance in Michigan, from M. Rietz, N. Smith, J. Daimler, J. Francese, B. Sorensen, C. Vanderschaaf, G. O'Conner, A. Kern, and J. Rogers is gratefully acknowledged. In 2010, prism traps were supplied by USDA-APHIS-PPQ Otis, MA. We also thank the Spray Efficacy Research Group International (SERG-I) and the Canadian Forest Service for funding. All experiments reported here comply with the laws of Canada. NR 56 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 24 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 904 EP 916 DI 10.1603/EN11029 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810GH UT WOS:000294113300019 PM 22251692 ER PT J AU O'Neill, KM O'Neill, RP Kemp, WP Delphia, CM AF O'Neill, Kevin M. O'Neill, Ruth P. Kemp, William P. Delphia, Casey M. TI Effect of Temperature on Post-Wintering Development and Total Lipid Content of Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pollinators; alfalfa leafcutting bee; Megachile rotundata; thermal biology; lipids ID MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA HYMENOPTERA; DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; SOLITARY BEE; INCUBATION TEMPERATURES; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; RATE MODEL; SEX-RATIO; BODY-SIZE; EMERGENCE; POLLINATOR AB Temperature plays an important role in effective management of the alfalfa leafcutting bee [Megachile rotundata (F.); Megachilidae], the major commercial pollinator of seed alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.); Fabaceae] in North America. To improve our understanding of threshold and optimum rearing temperatures of M. rotundata, we examined the effect of temperature on postwintering development by using a greater number of temperature treatments than applied in previous studies (19 versus eight or fewer) and analytical tools formulated to model nonlinear relationships between temperature and insect development rates. We also tested the hypothesis that rearing temperature influences adult body lipid content at emergence, which could affect adult survival, establishment and performance as a pollinator, and reproductive success. We found that the Lactin-2 and Briere-2 models provided the best fits to data and gave reasonable estimates of lower (16-18 degrees C) and upper (36-39 degrees C) developmental thresholds and optimum (33-34 degrees C) rearing temperatures for maximizing development rate. Bees successfully emerged over a broad range of temperatures (22-35 degrees C), but variation in development rate among individuals reared at the same temperature was lowest at 31-33 degrees C. The optimum rearing temperature to maximize the proportion of body lipids in adults was 27-29 degrees C. Our results are discussed in relation to previous findings and speak to the difficulties in designing practical rearing guidelines that simultaneously maximize development rate, survival, and adult condition, while synchronizing adult emergence with alfalfa bloom. C1 [O'Neill, Kevin M.; Delphia, Casey M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [O'Neill, Ruth P.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kemp, William P.] ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP O'Neill, KM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM koneill@montana.edu FU Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; Montana Alfalfa Seed Growers Association; Montana Department of Agriculture; Western Alfalfa Seed Growers Association; USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory FX We thank James Buckner and Theresa Pitts-Singer for reviewing the manuscript, Samuel O'Neill and Richard S. Miller for assisting with the research, and David Weaver for providing technical advice; Charles and Robert Williams, and John and Shelley Wold kindly provided bees for use in the experiments. Funding for the research was provided by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, the Montana Alfalfa Seed Growers Association, the Montana Department of Agriculture, the Western Alfalfa Seed Growers Association, and the USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 917 EP 930 DI 10.1603/EN10320 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810GH UT WOS:000294113300020 PM 22251693 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ AF Mou, Beiquan TI Improvement of Horticultural Crops for Abiotic Stress Tolerance: An Introduction SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SALT TOLERANCE C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1068 EP 1069 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 810DV UT WOS:000294106500001 ER PT J AU Arora, R Rowland, LJ AF Arora, Rajeev Rowland, Lisa J. TI Physiological Research on Winter-hardiness: Deacclimation Resistance, Reacclimation Ability, Photoprotection Strategies, and a Cold Acclimation Protocol Design SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE freezing tolerance; climate change; ELIPS; rhododendron; blueberry; endodormancy ID FREEZING TOLERANCE; LEAF MOVEMENTS; RHODODENDRON-CATAWBIENSE; BLUEBERRY GENOTYPES; DECIDUOUS AZALEAS; EMERGING CONCEPTS; FROST-RESISTANCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Freezing is a major environmental stress during an annual cycle of overwintering, temperate-zone perennials. The timing and extent of seasonal cold acclimation (development of freezing tolerance in the fall) and deacclimation (loss of acquired freezing tolerance in response to warm temperatures) are of critical importance for winter survival, particularly in view of the climate change, i.e., unpredictable extreme weather occurrences. For example, plants may acclimate inadequately if exposed to a milder fall climate and may be damaged by sudden frosts. Alternatively, they may deacclimate prematurely as a result of unseasonable, midwinter warm spells and be injured by the cold that follows. Efficient cold acclimation ability, high deacclimation resistance, and efficient reacclimation capacity are, therefore, important components of winter survival in overwintering perennials. These components should be evaluated separately for a successful breeding program focused on improving winter-hardiness. Another layer of complexity that should be carefully considered is that endodormant status (shallow versus deep) of the reproductive/vegetative apices can significantly impact these components of winter-hardiness. Winter survival, especially by woody evergreens, requires tolerance of light stress, which can result in photo-oxidative damage at cold temperatures when biochemistry of photosynthesis is somewhat compromised but light harvesting is unaffected. Accumulation of Dips (early light-induced proteins) in overwintering evergreens during winter represents a relatively novel strategy to cope with such light stress, and investigations on the precise cellular mechanism and genetic control of this strategy deserve research in the future. Investigations into the mechanisms for cold acclimation use laboratory-based, artificial acclimation protocols that often do not closely approximate conditions that plants are typically exposed to in nature. To draw meaningful conclusions about the biology of cold acclimation and ultimately improve freeze resistance under field conditions, one should also include in cold acclimation regimens parameters such as exposure to subfreezing temperatures and realistic diurnal temperature fluctuations and light levels to simulate natural conditions. One of the main objectives of this article is to highlight two areas of research that we believe are important in the context of plant cold-hardiness but, so far, have not received much attention. These are: 1) to understand the biology of deacclimation resistance and reacclimation capacity, two important components of freeze-stress resistance (winter-hardiness) in woody perennials; and 2) to investigate the cellular basis for various strategies used by broad-leaved evergreens for photoprotection during winter. Our emphasis, in this context, is on a family of proteins, called Dips. The second objective of this article is to draw attention of the cold-hardiness research community to the importance of using realistic cold acclimation protocols in controlled environments that will approximate natural/field conditions to be better able to draw meaningful conclusions about the biology of cold acclimation and ultimately improve freeze resistance. Results from our work with Rhododendron (deciduous azaleas and broad-leaved evergreens), blueberry, and that of other researchers are discussed to support these objectives. C1 [Arora, Rajeev] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rowland, Lisa J.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, 139 Hort Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rarora@iastate.edu NR 77 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 49 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1070 EP 1078 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 810DV UT WOS:000294106500002 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Glenn, DM Forsline, PL Wisniewski, ME Farrell, RE AF Bassett, Carole L. Glenn, D. Michael Forsline, Philip L. Wisniewski, Michael E. Farrell, Robert E., Jr. TI Characterizing Water Use Efficiency and Water Deficit Responses in Apple (Malus Xdomestica Borkh. and Malus sieversii Ledeb.) M. Roem. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drought; leaf area; leaf length; leaf width; leaf perimeter; stomata length; stomata density; suppression subtractive hybridization; tissue-specific gene expression ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; CULTIVATED APPLE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; DIE-OFF; STRESS; PLANTS; GENES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION AB Reduced availability of water for agricultural use has been forecast for much of the planet as a result of global warming and greater urban demand for water in large metropolitan areas. Strategic improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance in perennial crops, like fruit trees, could reduce water use without compromising yield or quality. We studied water use in apple trees using 'Royal Gala', a relatively water use-efficient cultivar, as a standard. To examine whether genes useful for improving WUE are represented in a wild relative genetically close to M. xdomestica, we surveyed Malus sieversii for traits associated with WUE and drought resistance using material collected from xeric sites in Kazakhstan. This collection has been maintained in Geneva, NY, and surveyed for various phenotypes and has been genetically characterized using simple sequence repeats (SSRs). These data suggest that most of the diversity in this population is contained within a subpopulation of 34 individuals. Analysis of this subpopulation for morphological traits traditionally associated with WUE or drought resistance, e.g., leaf size and stomata size and arrangement, indicated that these traits were not substantially different. These results imply that some of the genetic diversity may be associated with changes in the biochemistry, uptake, and/or transport of water, carbon, or oxygen that have allowed these trees to survive in water-limited environments. Furthermore, genes responding to drought treatment were isolated from 'Royal Gala' and categorized according to the biological processes with which they are associated. A large fraction of upregulated genes from roots were identified as stress-responsive, whereas genes from leaves were for the most part associated with photosynthesis. We plan to examine expression of these genes in the M. sieversii population during water deficit in future studies to compare their patterns of expression with 'Royal Gala'. C1 [Bassett, Carole L.; Glenn, D. Michael; Wisniewski, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Forsline, Philip L.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Farrell, Robert E., Jr.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA 17403 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Carole.Bassett@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1079 EP 1084 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 810DV UT WOS:000294106500003 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Bjorkman, T AF Farnham, Mark W. Bjorkman, Thomas TI Breeding Vegetables Adapted to High Temperatures: A Case Study with Broccoli SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea Italica Group; heat tolerance; environmental stress; vernalization ID VAR ITALICA; INFLORESCENCE; INITIATION; ABILITY; LEVEL AB Breeding a vegetable crop for adaptation to a temperature regime that is higher than the recognized optimum for the species in question is an example of breeding for abiotic stress tolerance. Before embarking on a project to breed for such stress tolerance, we propose that several critical considerations or questions must be addressed. These considerations include the following: I) What is the effect of the abiotic stress on the crop to be improved; 2) what will be the conditions of the selection environment; 3) what germplasm is available that contains the necessary genetic variation to initiate improvement; 4) what breeding scheme will be used to facilitate improvement; and 5) what will be the specific goals of the breeding effort? We use a case study with broccoli to breed for adaptation to high-temperature environments to provide examples of how each of these considerations might be addressed in developing an improvement effort. Based on documented success with this case study in which broccoli quality and performance under high-temperature summer environments has been improved, insights are provided that should be useful to future attempts to breed vegetables more tolerant of an abiotic stress. C1 [Farnham, Mark W.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Bjorkman, Thomas] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Mark.Farnham@ars.usda.gov RI Bjorkman, Thomas/D-1047-2012 OI Bjorkman, Thomas/0000-0001-7151-6205 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1093 EP 1097 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 810DV UT WOS:000294106500005 ER PT J AU Albano, JP AF Albano, Joseph P. TI Iron-[S,S ']-EDDS (FeEDDS) Chelate as an Iron Source for Horticultural Crop Production: Marigold Growth and Nutrition, Spectral Properties, and Photodegradation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant nutrition; FeEDTA; FeDTPA; photochemistry; complexone; ligand; water quality ID DISUCCINIC ACID EDDS; NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; UV-RADIATION; BIODEGRADATION; EDTA; SPECIATION; FEDTPA AB Aminopolycarboxylic acid (APCA) complexones, commonly referred to as ligands or chelating agents, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), are commonly used in soluble fertilizers to supply copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and/or zinc (Zn) to plants. Offsite runoff and contamination of surface waters with these chelating agents is of increasing concern as a result of their reported ability to remobilize heavy metals in sediments and their low susceptibility to biodegradation. The APCA ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) is a structural isomer of EDTA with the [S,S'] stereoisomer of the complexone, a compound naturally produced by actinomycetes, and is biodegradable. Information on the use of [S,S']-EDDS as a chelating agent in formulating soluble fertilizers for the production of horticultural crops is limited. Therefore, a series of studies were conducted with the objectives of evaluating Fe[S,S]-EDDS as an Fe-chelate fertilizer agent in the production of marigold and [S,S']-EDDS (free ligand) and/or Fe[S,S']-EDDS spectral properties and vulnerability to photodegrdation. Marigold grown in peat-based media were fertilized with complete nutrient solution containing 1 mg.L(-1) Fe from FeEDDS, FeEDTA, or FeDTPA. There was no significant difference in foliar Fe or Mn between Fe-chelate treatments, averaging 140 mu g.g(-1) and 88 mu g.g(-1), respectively, nor were there significant differences in leaf dry weight (2.30 g) between Fe treatments. Spectra of [S,S]-EDDS and Fe[S,S']-EDDS produced from ferrous or ferric sources of Fe absorbed maximally in the 210 to 230 nm and 238 to 240-nm range, respectively. The [S,S']-EDDS complexone used in the current study, a 30% assay solution, had chromaphoric properties, appearing light yellow in color. When exposed to light, Fe[S,S']-EDDS quickly degraded at a rate at least twice that of FeEDTA. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Albano, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM joseph.albano@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Floriculture; Nursery Research Initiative FX The USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative is recognized for partial support of this work. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1148 EP 1153 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 810DV UT WOS:000294106500016 ER PT J AU Danchin-Burge, C Hiemstra, SJ Blackburn, H AF Danchin-Burge, C. Hiemstra, S. J. Blackburn, H. TI Ex situ conservation of Holstein-Friesian cattle: Comparing the Dutch, French, and US germplasm collections SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gene bank; genetic diversity; Holstein-Friesian ID GENETIC-VARIABILITY; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; POPULATION; BREEDS; RESOURCES; SELECTION; SIZES; DAIRY AB Holstein-Friesian (HF) gene bank collections were established in France, the Netherlands, and the United States to conserve genetic diversity for this breed. Genetic diversity of HF collections within and between countries was assessed and compared with active male HF populations in each country by using pedigree data. Measures of genetic diversity such as probability of gene origin inbreeding and kinship were calculated. The cryobanks have captured substantial amounts of genetic diversity for the HF compared with the current populations. A substantial part of the US, French, and Dutch collections seems to be genetically similar. On the other hand, the US collection in particular represents an interesting reservoir of HF genes of the past. Gene banks can play an important role in conserving genetic diversity within livestock breeds over time, and may support industry in the future when needed. C1 [Danchin-Burge, C.] AgroParisTech, UMR Genet Anim & Biol Integrat 1313, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Danchin-Burge, C.] INRA, UMR Genet Anim & Biol Integrat 1313, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. [Danchin-Burge, C.] Inst Elevage, F-75595 Paris 12, France. [Hiemstra, S. J.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Genet Resources, Netherlands CGN, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. [Blackburn, H.] ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Danchin-Burge, C (reprint author), AgroParisTech, UMR Genet Anim & Biol Integrat 1313, F-75231 Paris 05, France. EM coralie.danchin@inst-elevage.asso.fr NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 94 IS 8 BP 4100 EP 4108 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3957 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 795XJ UT WOS:000293011700037 PM 21787945 ER PT J AU Nansen, C Vaughn, K Xue, YE Rush, C Workneh, F Goolsby, J Troxclair, N Anciso, J Gregory, A Holman, D Hammond, A Mirkov, E Tantravahi, P Martini, X AF Nansen, Christian Vaughn, Kathy Xue, Yingen Rush, Charlie Workneh, Fekede Goolsby, John Troxclair, Noel Anciso, Juan Gregory, Ashley Holman, Daniel Hammond, Abby Mirkov, Erik Tantravahi, Pratyusha Martini, Xavier TI A Decision-Support Tool to Predict Spray Deposition of Insecticides in Commercial Potato Fields and Its Implications for Their Performance SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated pest management; insecticide spraying; water-sensitive spray cards; row crops; potato psyllids ID BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SOYBEAN CANOPY; NOZZLE TYPE; MANAGEMENT; CHRYSOMELIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; STRATEGIES; MORTALITY; HEMIPTERA; ECONOMICS AB Approximately US$1.3 billion is spent each year on insecticide applications in major row crops. Despite this significant economic importance, there are currently no widely established decision-support tools available to assess suitability of spray application conditions or of the predicted quality or performance of a given commercial insecticide applications. We conducted a field study, involving 14 commercial spray applications with either fixed wing airplane (N = 8) or ground rig (N = 6), and we used environmental variables as regression fits to obtained spray deposition (coverage in percentage). We showed that 1) ground rig applications provided higher spray deposition than aerial applications, 2) spray deposition was lowest in the bottom portion of the canopy, 3) increase in plant height reduced spray deposition, 4) wind speed increased spray deposition, and 5) higher ambient temperatures and dew point increased spray deposition. Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), mortality increased asymptotically to approximate to 60% in response to abamectin spray depositions exceeding around 20%, whereas mortality of psyllid adults reached an asymptotic response approximate to 40% when lambda-cyhalothrin/thiamethoxam spray deposition exceeded 30%. A spray deposition support tool was developed (http://pilcc.tamu.edu/) that may be used to make decisions regarding 1) when is the best time of day to conduct spray applications and 2) selecting which insecticide to spray based on expected spray deposition. The main conclusion from this analysis is that optimization of insecticide spray deposition should be considered a fundamental pillar of successful integrated pest management programs to increase efficiency of sprays (and therefore reduce production costs) and to reduce risk of resistance development in target pest populations. C1 [Nansen, Christian; Vaughn, Kathy; Xue, Yingen; Holman, Daniel; Hammond, Abby; Martini, Xavier] Texas AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Nansen, Christian] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Rush, Charlie; Workneh, Fekede] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Goolsby, John] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Troxclair, Noel] Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. [Anciso, Juan; Gregory, Ashley] Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Dept Hort Sci, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Mirkov, Erik; Tantravahi, Pratyusha] Texas AgriLife Res, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Nansen, C (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, 1102 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM cnansen@ag.tamu.edu RI Martini, Xavier/E-7709-2012; OI Martini, Xavier/0000-0002-0556-3465 FU Texas Department of Agriculture; USDA-Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-20178] FX We are especially thankful to the potato growers Jack Wallace, John Nordgaard, and Milt Carter who allowed us to conduct this study in their potato fields. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing very detailed and constructive inputs. Funding was provided by Texas Department of Agriculture and USDA-Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant 2009-51181-20178. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1145 DI 10.1603/EC10452 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400004 PM 21882675 ER PT J AU Kirrane, MJ De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Frake, AM Wagnitz, J Whelan, PM AF Kirrane, Maria J. De Guzman, Lilia I. Rinderer, Thomas E. Frake, Amanda M. Wagnitz, Jeremy Whelan, Padraig M. TI Asynchronous Development of Honey Bee Host and Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) Influences Reproductive Potential of Mites SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asynchronous development; Varroa destructor; mating failure; resistance; nonreproduction ID APIS-MELLIFERA; JACOBSONI MESOSTIGMATA; WORKER BROOD; RESISTANCE; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; COLONIES; BEHAVIOR AB A high proportion of nonreproductive (NR) Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), is commonly observed in honey bee colonies displaying the varroa sensitive hygienic trait (VSH). This study was conducted to determine the influence of brood removal and subsequent host reinvasion of varroa mites on mite reproduction. We collected foundress mites from stages of brood (newly sealed larvae, prepupae, white-eyed pupae, and pink-eyed pupae) and phoretic mites from adult bees. We then inoculated these mites into cells containing newly sealed larvae. Successful reproduction (foundress laid both a mature male and female) was low (13%) but most common in mites coming from sealed larvae. Unsuccessful reproductive attempts (foundress failed to produce both a mature male and female) were most common in mites from sealed larvae (22%) and prepupae (61%). Lack of any progeny was most common for mites from white-eyed (83%) and pink-eyed pupae (92%). We also collected foundress mites from sealed larvae and transferred them to cells containing newly sealed larvae, prepupae, white-eyed pupae, or pink-eyed pupae. Successful reproduction only occurred in the transfers to sealed larvae (26%). Unsuccessful reproductive attempts were most common in transfers to newly sealed larvae (40%) and to prepupae (25%). Unsuccessful attempts involved the production of immature progeny (60%), the production of only mature daughters (26%) or the production of only a mature male (14%). Generally, lack of progeny was not associated with mites having a lack of stored sperm. Our results suggest that mites exposed to the removal of prepupae or older brood due to hygiene are unlikely to produce viable mites if they invade new hosts soon after brood removal. Asynchrony between the reproductive status of reinvading mites and the developmental stage of their reinvasion hosts may be a primary cause of NR mites in hygienic colonies. Even if reinvading mites use hosts having the proper age for infestation, only a minority of them will reproduce. C1 [Kirrane, Maria J.; Whelan, Padraig M.] Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Cork, Ireland. [Kirrane, Maria J.; Whelan, Padraig M.] Univ Coll Cork, ERI, Cork, Ireland. [De Guzman, Lilia I.; Rinderer, Thomas E.; Frake, Amanda M.; Wagnitz, Jeremy] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Kirrane, MJ (reprint author), Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Cork, Ireland. EM s105692474@student.ucc.ie FU Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology; National University of Ireland FX We thank J. Wales, T. Stelzer, A. Prudente, M. May, and G. Delatte for technical help. The advice of Jeffrey Harris on mite dissection and his critical review of an earlier version of the manuscript are highly appreciated. M. J. K. was funded by the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology and her travel to the United States was funded by a Traveling Studentship Award from the National University of Ireland. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1152 DI 10.1603/EC11035 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400005 PM 21882676 ER PT J AU Artz, DR Nault, BA AF Artz, Derek R. Nault, Brian A. TI Performance of Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, and Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Pollinators of Pumpkin SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE European honey bee; common eastern bumble bee; P. pruinosa; foraging behavior; pumpkin ID WILD BEE ABUNDANCE; HONEY-BEE; BUMBLE BEES; SEED PRODUCTION; IPOMOPSIS-AGGREGATA; CUCURBITA-PEPO; POLLEN REMOVAL; SQUASH; VISITATION; RESOURCES AB Pollination services of pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L., provided by the European honey bee, Apis mellifera L., were compared with two native bee species, the common eastern bumble bee, Bombus impatiens (Cresson), and Peponapis pruinosa Say, in New York from 2008 to 2010. Performance of each species was determined by comparing single-visit pollen deposition, percentage of visits that contacted the stigma, flower-handling time, fruit and seed set, and fruit weight per number of visits. Fruit yield from small fields (0.6 ha) supplemented with commercial B. impatiens colonies was compared with yield from those not supplemented. A. mellifera spent nearly 2 and 3 times longer foraging on each pistillate flower compared with B. impatiens and P. pruinosa, respectively. A. mellifera also visited pistillate flowers 10-20 times more frequently than B. impatiens and P. pruinosa, respectively. Yet, B. impatiens deposited 3 times more pollen grains per stigma and contacted stigmas significantly more often than either A. mellifera or P. pruinosa. Fruit set and weight from flowers visited four to eight times by B. impatiens were similar to those from open-pollinated flowers, whereas flowers pollinated by A. mellifera and P. pruinosa produced fewer fruit and smaller fruit compared with those from open-pollinated flowers. Fields supplemented with B. impatiens produced significantly more pumpkins per plant than nonsupplemented fields. B. impatiens was a better pollinator of pumpkin than P. pruinosa and should be considered as a promising alternative to A. mellifera for pollinating this crop. C1 [Artz, Derek R.; Nault, Brian A.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Artz, DR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM derek.artz@ars.usda.gov FU Federal Formula Funds; Federal Hatch Funds FX We thank E. Abbott, M. Bekauri, C. Boutard-Hunt, M. Campo, L. Duque, B. English-Loeb, M. Garlick, M. L. Hessney, M. Lopez-Uribe, M. Park, J. Petzoldt, K. Reiners, and B. Viertel for field assistance. We thank C. Hsu for statistical advice. We thank Rene Ruiter and Holly Burroughs from Koppert Biological Systems for supplying commercial bumble bees. This research was funded by Federal Formula Funds and Federal Hatch Funds. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 47 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1161 DI 10.1603/EC10431 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400006 PM 21882677 ER PT J AU Rinehart, JP Yocum, GD West, M Kemp, WP AF Rinehart, Joseph P. Yocum, George D. West, Mark Kemp, William P. TI A Fluctuating Thermal Regime Improves Survival of Cold-Mediated Delayed Emergence in Developing Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Megachile rotundata; alternative pollinator; cold storage; fluctuating thermal regime; fluctuation thermal regime ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PARASITIC WASP; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; APHIDIUS-COLEMANI; CHILL-INJURY; FLESH FLY; INCUBATION; COLEOPTERA; TOLERANCE AB A significant concern in the commercial application of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), for pollination is synchronizing bee emergence and activity with peak crop bloom. Previous studies have demonstrated that the commercial spring incubation of this species can be successfully interrupted by low temperature incubation, thereby slowing development and giving producers flexibility in timing emergence to weather conditions or crop bloom. In this study, we demonstrate that the implementation of a fluctuating thermal regime, during which bees are given a daily one hour pulse of high temperature, markedly increases the "shelf-life" of individuals of this species. Although constant temperatures can be used to store bees for up to 1 wk with no decrease in survival, properly staged bees can be stored for up to 6 wk without a significant decrease in percentage of emergence. Hence, we expect fluctuating thermal regime protocols to become a valuable tool for M. rotundata managers, especially when timing nesting activity with peak bloom to maximize effectiveness. C1 [Rinehart, Joseph P.; Yocum, George D.; Kemp, William P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [West, Mark] USDA ARS, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rinehart, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM joseph.rinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1162 EP 1166 DI 10.1603/EC11062 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400007 PM 21882678 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Massa, MJ Sacchetti, P Bartelt, RJ AF Robacker, David C. Massa, Michelle J. Sacchetti, Patrizia Bartelt, Robert J. TI A Novel Attractant for Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) From a Concord Grape Product SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican fruit fly; grape juice; acetic acid; methyl anthranilate; propylene glycol ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; APPLE MAGGOT; HOST FRUIT; VOLATILES; TRAPS; IDENTIFICATION; CAPTURE; FEMALE AB An attractant for Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was developed from a commercial product called Sabor Uva containing processed Concord grape juice. The principal volatile components of Sabor Uva aroma were identified and an aqueous mixture of 15 components that was gas chromatographically similar to Sabor Uva was prepared. This mixture was equivalent to Sabor Uva in attractiveness by using wind-tunnel bioassays. After deleting chemicals that did not contribute to attractiveness, and increasing the concentrations of the remaining chemicals, the final attractant contained propylene glycol (90,000 ppm, vol/vol), acetic acid (4,500), methyl anthranilate (1,800), ethyl 2-methylpropionate (670), and one or both of the esters ethyl 3-methylbutyrate (44) and 2-methylbutyl propionate (44), in aqueous solution. This mixture was approximate to 1.8 X as attractive as Sabor Uva by indirect comparison. Deletion of propylene glycol, acetic acid, methyl anthranilate, or ethyl 2-methylpropionate from the mixture significantly decreased attractiveness. Deletion of either of the other two esters seemed to diminish attractiveness although effects were not statistically significant. Deletion of water from the mixture significantly decreased attractiveness. We conclude that propylene glycol, acetic acid, methyl anthranilate, water, and at least one or as many as all three of the methyl-branched esters are essential for complete attractiveness. C1 [Massa, Michelle J.] S Texas Coll, Dept Biol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Robacker, David C.] USDA ARS, CQFIR, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Sacchetti, Patrizia] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biotecnol Agr, I-50144 Florence, Italy. [Bartelt, Robert J.] USDA ARS, CBRU, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), S Texas Coll, Dept Biol, 400 N Border, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM drobacker@southtexascollege.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1195 EP 1203 DI 10.1603/EC10220 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400012 PM 21882683 ER PT J AU Knodel, JJ Ganehiarachchi, GASM Beauzay, PB Chirumamilla, A Charlet, LD AF Knodel, Janet J. Ganehiarachchi, G. A. S. M. Beauzay, Patrick B. Chirumamilla, Anitha Charlet, Laurence D. TI Impact of Planting Dates on a Seed Maggot, Neotephritis finalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), and Sunflower Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Damage in Cultivated Sunflower SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sunflower; Neotephritis finalis; sunflower bud moth; Suleima helianthana; planting date ID CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS COLEOPTERA; NORTH-DAKOTA; GROWTH-STAGES; GREAT PLAINS; CURCULIONIDAE; INFESTATION; COCHYLIDAE; ASTERACEAE; LARVAE; LOEW AB Neotephritis finalis (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and sunflower bud moth, Suleima helianthana (Riley) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are major head-infesting insect pests of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Planting date was evaluated as a cultural pest management strategy for control of N. finalis and S. helianthana in several production regions of North Dakota during 2009 and 2010. Results of the nine site-year study revealed that late planting date (early to mid-June) reduced damage ratings and percentage of damaged heads for N. finalis compared with early planting dates (mid-to late May). Visual observations of adult N. finalis found that the majority of flies were found in the early planted sunflower (78.2%) compared with the late planted sunflower (21.8%). Late planting date also reduced the percentage of S. helianthana damaged heads compared with early planting dates. Yield losses were reduced with late planting date when populations of N. finalis and S. helianthana were high enough to cause damage. Results of this study showed that delayed planting is an effective integrated pest management strategy that can reduce head damage caused by N. finalis and S. helianthana and mitigate yield losses. C1 [Knodel, Janet J.; Beauzay, Patrick B.; Chirumamilla, Anitha] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Ganehiarachchi, G. A. S. M.] Univ Kelaniya, Dept Zool, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. [Charlet, Laurence D.] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Knodel, JJ (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Hultz Hall, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM janet.knodel@ndsu.edu FU North Dakota Crop Protection Product Harmonization; Registration Board Minor Use Fund Grant Program; National Sunflower Association FX We thank T. Gross (USDA-ARS), B. Hanson (Langdon Research and Extension Center), J. Pederson and D. Waldstein (North Central Research and Extension Center), and B. Schatz (Carrington Research and Extension Center) for field assistance and M. Andrews, III, for use of land and cooperation with this study. We acknowledge Syngenta Crop Protection for providing sunflower seed. This research was supported by the North Dakota Crop Protection Product Harmonization and Registration Board Minor Use Fund Grant Program and the National Sunflower Association Grant Program. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1236 EP 1244 DI 10.1603/EC11012 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400017 PM 21882688 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Asaro, C Crowe, CM Duerr, DA AF Miller, Daniel R. Asaro, Chris Crowe, Christopher M. Duerr, Donald A. TI Bark Beetle Pheromones and Pine Volatiles: Attractant Kairomone Lure Blend for Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae) in Pine Stands of the Southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; alpha-pinene; ipsenol; ipsdienol; Monochamus titillator ID SCUTELLATUS COLEOPTERA-CERAMBYCIDAE; MONOCHAMUS-SCUTELLATUS; HOST VOLATILES; SAWYER BEETLE; SCOLYTIDAE; RESPONSES; INSECTS; ETHANOL; IPS; (-)-ALPHA-PINENE AB In 2006, we examined the flight responses of 43 species of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with binary lure blends of 1) ipsenol + ipsdienol, 2) ethanol + alpha-pinene, and a quaternary lure blend of 3) ipsenol + ipsdienol + ethanol + alpha-pinene in the southeastern United States. In addition, we monitored responses of Buprestidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae commonly associated with pine longhorn beetles. Field trials were conducted in mature pine (Pinus pp.) stands in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Virginia. The following species preferred traps baited with the quaternary blend over those baited with ethanol + alpha-pinene:Acanthocinus nodosus (F.), Acanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier), Astylopsis arcuata (LeConte), Astylopsis sexguttata (Say), Monochamus scutellatus (Say), Monochamus titillator (F.) complex, Rhagium inquisitor (L.) (Cerambycidae), Buprestis consularis Gory, Buprestis lineata F. (Buprestidae), Ips avulsus (Eichhoff), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff), and Gnathotrichus materiarus (Fitch) (Curculionidae). The addition of ipsenol and ipsdienol had no effect on catches of 17 other species of bark and wood boring beetles in traps baited with ethanol and alpha-pinene. Ethanol + alpha-pinene interrupted the attraction of Ips avulsus, I. grandicollis, and Pityophthorus Eichhoff spp. (but not I. calligraphus) (Curculionidae) to traps baited with ipsenol + ipsdienol. Our results support the use of traps baited with a quaternary blend of ipsenol + ipsdienol + ethanol + alpha-pinene for common saproxylic beetles in pine forests of the southeastern United States. C1 [Miller, Daniel R.; Crowe, Christopher M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Asaro, Chris] Virginia Dept Forestry, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Duerr, Donald A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmiller03@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1257 DI 10.1603/EC11051 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400018 PM 21882689 ER PT J AU Allison, JD Johnson, CW Meeker, JR Strom, BL Butler, SM AF Allison, Jeremy D. Johnson, C. Wood Meeker, James R. Strom, Brian L. Butler, Sarah M. TI Effect of Aerosol Surface Lubricants on the Abundance and Richness of Selected Forest Insects Captured in Multiple-Funnel and Panel Traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE woodborer; Cerambycidae; monitoring; attractant; trap design ID TETROPIUM-FUSCUM F; SCUTELLATUS COLEOPTERA; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; GYPSY-MOTH; CERAMBYCIDAE; EFFICIENCY; PHEROMONE; DESIGN; CATCHES AB Survey and detection programs for native and exotic forest insects frequently rely on traps baited with odorants, which mediate the orientation of target taxa (e. g., the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) toward a resource (e. g., host material, mates). The influence of trap design on the capture efficiency of baited traps has received far less empirical attention than odorants, despite concerns that intercept traps currently used operationally have poor capture efficiencies for some target taxa (e. g., large woodborers). Several studies have recently demonstrated that treating traps with a surface lubricant to make them "slippery" can increase their capture efficiency; however, previously tested products can be expensive and their application time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternate, easier to apply aerosol lubricants on trap capture efficiency of selected forest insects. Aerosol formulations of Teflon and silicone lubricants increased both panel and multiple-funnel trap capture efficiencies. Multiple-funnel traps treated with either aerosol lubricant captured significantly more Monochamus spp. and Acanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier) than untreated traps. Similarly, treated panel traps captured significantly more Xylotrechus sagittatus (Germar), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Pissodes nemorensis (Germar), Monochamus spp., A. obsoletus, Thanasimus dubius (F.), and Ibalia leucospoides (Hochenwarth) than untreated traps. This study demonstrates that treating multiple-funnel and panel traps with an aerosol dry film lubricant can increase their capture efficiencies for large woodborers (e. g., Cerambycidae) as well as bark beetles, a weevil, a woodwasp parasitoid and a bark beetle natural enemy (Coleoptera: Cleridae). C1 [Allison, Jeremy D.; Butler, Sarah M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Johnson, C. Wood; Meeker, James R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, FHP, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Strom, Brian L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Allison, JD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, LSU Campus, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jallison@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1258 EP 1264 DI 10.1603/EC11044 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400019 PM 21882690 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Zhang, AJ Onufrieva, K Leonard, DS AF Tobin, Patrick C. Zhang, Aijun Onufrieva, Ksenia Leonard, Donna S. TI Field Evaluation of Effect of Temperature on Release of Disparlure From a Pheromone-Baited Trapping System Used to Monitor Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; IPM; Lymantria dispar; pheromone-baited traps; pheromone release rate ID DISPENSERS; PHENOLOGY; (+)-DISPARLURE; LAMINATE; FLIGHT; TRAPS; PESTS; AGE AB Traps baited with disparlure, the synthetic form of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), sex pheromone are used to detect newly founded populations and estimate population density across the United States. The lures used in trapping devices are exposed to field conditions with varying climates, which can affect the rate of disparlure release. We evaluated the release rate of disparlure from delta traps baited with disparlure string dispenser from 1 to 3 yr across a broad geographic gradient, from northern Minnesota to southern North Carolina. Traps were deployed over approximate to 12wk that coincided with the period of male moth flight and the deployment schedule of traps under gypsy moth management programs. We measured a uniform rate of release across all locations when considered over the accumulation of degree-days; however, due to differences in degree-day accumulation across locations, there were significant differences in release rates over time among locations. The initial lure load seemed to be sufficient regardless of climate, although rapid release of the pheromone in warmer climates could affect trap efficacy in late season. Daily rates of release in colder climates, such as Minnesota and northern Wisconsin, may not be optimal in detection efforts. This work highlights the importance of local temperatures when deploying pheromone-baited traps for monitoring a species across a large and climatically diverse landscape. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Zhang, Aijun] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Onufrieva, Ksenia] Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Leonard, Donna S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us RI Onufrieva, Ksenia/A-4609-2008 OI Onufrieva, Ksenia/0000-0002-8424-850X FU Gypsy Moth Slow-the-Spread Foundation, Inc. FX This study would have never been possible without the support and assistance of the many volunteers at each study location: Matthew Andresen and James Graham (North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC), Laura Blackburn (USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV), Kimberly Thielen Cremers (Stearns County Soil and Water Conservation District, Cold Spring, MN), Carl Harper (University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY), Bob Kangas (Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Schroeder, MN), Katie Kittrell (Princeton Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY), Chris Lettau (Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI), J. D. Loan (University of Kentucky, Greenup, KY), Dana Miller and Stephen Krecik (Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Vallonia, IN), Alexey V. Onufriev (Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA), Michael Saunders (The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA), Amy Stone (The Ohio State University, Toledo, OH), Herbie Ward (North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Elizabethtown, NC), Nancy Williams (Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Bureau Junction, IL), and James Wilson (Mason, WI). We also thank Laura Blackburn (USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV), and Junying Nie (USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD) for technical assistance. We also acknowledge support from the Gypsy Moth Slow-the-Spread Foundation, Inc. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1265 EP 1271 DI 10.1603/EC11063 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400020 PM 21882691 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Stringer, LD Mitchell, VJ Sullivan, TES Sullivan, NJ Simmons, GS Barrington, AM El-Sayed, AM AF Suckling, David M. Stringer, Lloyd D. Mitchell, Vanessa J. Sullivan, Thomas E. S. Sullivan, Nicola J. Simmons, Gregory S. Barrington, Anne M. El-Sayed, Ashraf M. TI Comparative Fitness of Irradiated Light Brown Apple Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a Wind Tunnel, Hedgerow, and Vineyard SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tortricidae; Epiphyas postvittana; sterile insect technique; eradication; radiation ID EPIPHYAS-POSTVITTANA WALKER; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; INHERITED STERILITY; GAMMA-RADIATION; NEW-ZEALAND; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; ORCHARD AB Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the target of the sterile insect technique, but reduced moth fitness from irradiation lowers the effective overflooding ratio of sterile to wild moths. New measures of insect quality are being sought to improve field performance of irradiated insects, thus improving the cost effectiveness of this technique. Male pupae were irradiated at intervals between 0 and 300 Gy, and adult flight success was assessed in a wind tunnel equipped with flight track recording software. A dose response was evident with reduced successful search behaviors at higher irradiation doses. Irradiation at 250 Gy reduced arrival success to 49% of untreated controls, during 2-min assays. Mark-release-recapture of males irradiated at 250 Gy indicated reduced male moth recapture in hedgerows (75% of control values of 7.22% +/- 1.20 [SEM] males recaptured) and in vineyards (78% of control values 10.5% +/- 1.66% [SEM] recaptured). Males dispersed similar distances in both habitats, and overflooding ratios dropped off rapidly from the release point in both landscapes. Transects of traps with central releases proved to be an efficient method for measuring the quality of released males. Relative field performance of moths was greater than suggested by wind tunnel performance, which could be due to time differences between the two assays, two-minute wind tunnel tests compared with days in the field treatments. Release strategies involving ground releases should consider the effect of limited postrelease dispersal. Aerial release could solve this problem and warrants investigation. C1 [Suckling, David M.; Stringer, Lloyd D.; Mitchell, Vanessa J.; Sullivan, Thomas E. S.; Sullivan, Nicola J.; El-Sayed, Ashraf M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Suckling, David M.; Stringer, Lloyd D.; Mitchell, Vanessa J.] Cooperat Res Ctr Natl Plant Biosecur, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia. [Simmons, Gregory S.] USDA, APHIS, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Barrington, Anne M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, PB 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM max.suckling@plantandfood.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010; OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348; Stringer, Lloyd/0000-0002-6345-0768 FU USDA-ARS; USDA-APHIS; IAEA; Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C02X0501]; CRC for National Plant Biosecurity FX We thank Sandihurst Vineyard for permission to release and trap insects. This work was partially funded by the USDA-ARS, USDA-APHIS, IAEA, Foundation for Research Science and Technology (Better Border Biosecurity C02X0501), and supported by the CRC for National Plant Biosecurity. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1301 EP 1308 DI 10.1603/EC10394 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400025 PM 21882696 ER PT J AU Light, DM Knight, AL AF Light, Douglas M. Knight, Alan L. TI Microencapsulated Pear Ester Enhances Insecticide Efficacy in Walnuts for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insecticide management; kairomone; adjuvant; organophosphate; pyrethroid ID CYDIA-POMONELLA L.; PEST-MANAGEMENT; LARVAE; GRANULOVIRUS; KAIROMONE; POTENCY AB The efficacy of combining insecticides with a microencapsulated formulation of ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester, PE-MEC) was evaluated in walnuts, Juglans regia L., for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Two types of studies were conducted to compare the use of insecticides with and without PE-MEC. In the first study, PE-MEC in combination with reduced rates of insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, phosmet, methoxyfenozide, and codling moth granulovirus were evaluated in single tree replicates. PE-MEC was tested at one to three rates (0.6, 1.8, and 4.4 g active ingredient ha(-1)) with each insecticide. In the second study, seasonal programs including sprays of esfenvalerate, chlorpyrifos, and ethyl parathion at full rates were evaluated in replicated two ha blocks. Significant reductions in nut injury occurred in the single-tree trial with treatments of PE-MEC plus insecticide compared with the insecticides used alone against both pest species; except with methoxyfenozide for navel orangeworm. Similarly, nut injury in the large plots was significantly reduced with the addition of PE-MEC, except for navel orangeworm in one of the two studies. These results suggest that adding pear ester as a microencapsulated spray can improve the efficacy of a range of insecticides for two key pests and foster the development of integrated pest management tactics with reduced insecticide use in walnut. C1 [Light, Douglas M.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Knight, Alan L.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Light, DM (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM doug.light@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1315 DI 10.1603/EC11058 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400026 PM 21882697 ER PT J AU Zhu, LC Chen, MS Liu, X AF Zhu, Lieceng Chen, Ming-Shun Liu, Xiang TI Changes in Phytohormones and Fatty Acids in Wheat and Rice Seedlings in Response to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytohormones; wheat; rice; Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor ID NONHOST RESISTANCE; PLANT DEFENSE; SALICYLIC-ACID; ABSCISIC-ACID; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; INSECT HERBIVORES; PATHOGEN DEFENSE; GALL MIDGE AB Phytohormones and fatty acids (FAs) play important roles in plant resistance to insects and pathogens. In this study, we investigated the similarities and differences in the accumulations of phytohormones and FAs in the resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Molly' and the nonhost rice (Oryza sativa L.) 'Niponbare' in responses to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), larval attacks. Using chemical ionization-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed the concentrations of 13 phytohomones and FAs at the attack site of wheat and rice plants at 1, 6, 24, or 48 h after the initial attack. Hessian fly attack resulted in increases of salicylic acid (SA), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), palmitic acid (FA16: 0), but a decrease of abscisic acid in both wheat and rice plants. In addition, the accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) increased, whereas the accumulation of cinnamic acid (CA) decreased in wheat plants, but no changes were observed in the accumulation of JA, and the accumulation of CA increased in rice plants after Hessian fly attack. However, the accumulations of benzoic acid, strearic acid (FA18:0), and oleic acid (FA18: 1) increased in rice plants, but no changes were observed in wheat plants after Hessian fly attack. Hessian fly-induced changes were more rapid in wheat plants in comparison with those in rice plants. Our study suggests that SA and OPDA may be involved in resistance of wheat and rice plants to Hessian fly and that the R gene-mediated resistance responses are more rapid than nonhost resistance responses. C1 [Zhu, Lieceng] Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Liu, Xiang] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zhu, LC (reprint author), Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. EM lzhu@uncfsu.edu FU Department of Health and Human Services [P20 MD001089]; National Institutes of Health; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Fayetteville State University FX We thank Richard Jeannotte (Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University) for profiling phytohormones and FAs and providing written measurement procedures. This research was supported by grant P20 MD001089 from the Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and by Fayetteville State University HBCU Masters Degree STEM Program Faculty Development Mini-Grants. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1384 EP 1392 DI 10.1603/EC10455 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400037 PM 21882708 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Arthur, FH Bonjour, EL Jones, CL Phillips, TW AF Opit, G. P. Arthur, F. H. Bonjour, E. L. Jones, C. L. Phillips, T. W. TI Efficacy of Heat Treatment for Disinfestation of Concrete Grain Silos SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha dominica; Tribolium castaneum; Liposcelis corrodens; Liposcelis decolor; heat treatment ID LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA BADONNEL; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; POPULATION-GROWTH; DECOLOR PEARMAN; LIFE STAGES AB Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate heat treatment for disinfestations of empty concrete elevator silos. A Mobile Heat Treatment Unit was used to introduce heat into silos to attain target conditions of 50 degrees C for at least 6 h. Ventilated plastic containers with a capacity of 100 g of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., held Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Polyvinyl chloride containers with a capacity of 300 g of wheat held adults of Liposcelis corrodens (Heymons) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) and Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), which were contained in 35-mm Petri dishes within the grain. Containers were fastened to a rope suspended from the top of the silo at depths of 0 m (just under the top manhole), 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m(silo floor). When the highest temperature achieved was approximate to 50 degrees C for 6 h, parental mortality of R. dominica and T. castaneum, and both psocid species was 98-100%. Progeny production of R. dominica occurred when there was parental survival, but in general R. dominica seemed less impacted by the heat treatment than T. castaneum. There was 100% mortality of L. corrodens at all depths in the heat treatments but only 92.5% mortality for L. decolor, with most survivors located in the bioassay containers at the top of the silo. Results show wheat kernels may have an insulating effect and heat treatment might be more effective when used in conjunction with sanitation and cleaning procedures. C1 [Opit, G. P.; Bonjour, E. L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Arthur, F. H.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Jones, C. L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Phillips, T. W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM george.opit@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station [OKL02695] FX We thank Randy Beeby for technical support. In addition, we extend our appreciation to E. Mockford who confirmed the identities of L. decolor and L. corrodens. We also thank United Cooperative, Inc., in Marshall, OK, for providing access to elevator facilities and Temp-Air, Inc., for the use of the portable propane heating units. We thank Michael Reiskind and Richard Grantham for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (project no. OKL02695). NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1422 DI 10.1603/EC11104 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400040 PM 21882711 ER PT J AU Duehl, AJ Cohnstaedt, LW Arbogast, RT Teal, PEA AF Duehl, A. J. Cohnstaedt, L. W. Arbogast, R. T. Teal, P. E. A. TI Evaluating Light Attraction to Increase Trap Efficiency for Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pitfall trapping; stored product; LED; insect vision ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; FLOUR BEETLES; CONFUSUM; AGGREGATION; PHEROMONES AB The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major coleopteran pest in flour mills and storage facilities. An aggregation pheromone has been identified for this pest; however, the pheromone is of limited value for population monitoring. To develop more efficient methods to monitor this pest, experiments were conducted to determine whether light functioned as an attractant for the red flour beetle. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of various wavelengths were examined as light sources because they produce bright, narrow light spectra. A comparison of responses to light spectra across the visible and UV regions of the electromagnetic spectrum indicated that the beetle was most attracted to near UV LED at a 390 nm dominant wavelength. The use of LEDs in competitive laboratory experiments resulted in a 20% capture of released beetles, compared with a 1% capture with the aggregation pheromone alone. Even more beetles were captured with a combination of LEDs and commercially available chemical lures in traps. LEDs can easily be added onto existing trap designs or new traps can be designed to take full advantage of positive phototaxis. C1 [Duehl, A. J.; Arbogast, R. T.; Teal, P. E. A.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Cohnstaedt, L. W.] USDA ARS CGAHR ABADRU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Duehl, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM adrian.duehl@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 58 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1430 EP 1435 DI 10.1603/EC10458 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JA UT WOS:000294120400042 PM 21882713 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Chen, XM Coram, T Wang, MN Kang, ZS AF Huang, Xueling Chen, Xianming Coram, Tristan Wang, Meinan Kang, Zhensheng TI Gene expression profiling of Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici during development reveals a highly dynamic transcriptome SO JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Puccinia striiformis; Stripe rust; Yellow rust; Expression profiling; Microarray; Wheat ID WHEAT STRIPE RUST; COMPATIBLE INTERACTION; UNITED-STATES; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; SEQUENCE TAGS; CDNA-AFLP; FLAX RUST; RESISTANCE; FUNGUS; MICROARRAY AB Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) causes stripe rust, one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. cDNA libraries had been constructed from urediniospores, germinated urediniospores and haustoria. However, little is known about the expression patterns of the genes related to the infection process and sporulation of the pathogen. In this study, a custom oligonucleotide microarray was constructed using sequences of 442 gene transcripts selected from Pst cDNA libraries. The expression patterns of the genes were determined by hybridizing the microarray with cDNA from Pst in vitro and Pst-infected wheat leaves. The time course study identified 55 transcripts that were differentially expressed during the infection process in a compatible interaction. They were identified to have functions related to the following biological processes, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy, cell signaling, protein synthesis, cell structure and division. In an incompatible interaction, 17 transcripts of the pathogen were differentially expressed in resistant wheat leaves inoculated with an avirulent Pst race, ten of which had similar expression patterns to those in the compatible interaction. Several candidates for pathogenicity and virulence/avirulence related genes were also identified. The results of quantitative real-time PCR validated the expression patterns of some selected genes. The study demonstrates that the custom oligonucleotide microarray technology is useful to determine the expression patterns of the pathogen genes involved in different types of the hostepathogen interactions and stages of development. C1 [Huang, Xueling; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xueling; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xueling; Chen, Xianming; Coram, Tristan; Wang, Meinan] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming; Coram, Tristan] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; WANG, Meinan/P-5671-2014 OI WANG, Meinan/0000-0001-9595-3995 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [5348-22000-014-00D]; Washington Wheat Commission [13C-3061-3923]; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture; Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center [WNP00823]; Washington State University, Pullman, USA [WA 99164-6430]; Northwest A&F University Plant Pathology "111" Project; [0548] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (No. 5348-22000-014-00D), and Washington Wheat Commission (No. 13C-3061-3923). PPNS No. 0548, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center, Project Number WNP00823, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. The scholarship from China Scholarship Council to Xueling Huang is appreciated. The research is also the part of the Northwest A&F University Plant Pathology "111" Project. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1673-8527 J9 J GENET GENOMICS JI J. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2011 VL 38 IS 8 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.jgg.2011.07.004 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 811IQ UT WOS:000294202500005 PM 21867962 ER PT J AU Ryu, JH Gao, SD Tanji, KK AF Ryu, Ji-Hun Gao, Suduan Tanji, Kenneth K. TI Accumulation and speciation of selenium in evaporation basins in California, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Evaporation basins; Sequential extraction; Sediment; Speciation ID ORGANIC-MATTER; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; RESPIRING BACTERIA; WETLAND SYSTEM; FRESH-WATER; SEDIMENTS; SOILS; REDUCTION; SELENATE AB The accumulation of selenium in evaporation basins (or ponds) in the San Joaquin Valley, California is of a great concern due to its potential hazards to environments. In this study, the accumulation, speciation and concentrations of Se were examined in waters as well as sediments in a system of the evaporation ponds. A significant decrease in the total dissolved Se concentration in Cell 1 in which drainage water with higher Se concentration was pumped from Inlet Channels indicated that the immobilization of Se was active in the Cell 1 and resulted in the higher Se concentration in sediments compared to the terminal cell such as Cell 9. The percentage of reduced Se species such as selenite [Se(IV)] and org-Se of total Se in drainage waters was also found increased in Cell 1 compared to Inlet Channels. The total dissolved Se concentrations in water along flow paths from Cell 1 were relatively constant except for terminal cells such as Cells 9 and 10, which showed higher total dissolved Se concentrations due to evapoconcentration. The percentage of reduced Se forms of total Se was inversely proportional to the percentage of Se(VI) depending on the redox condition of evaporation ponds along the flow paths. Sequential extractions of Se species in sediments indicated that organic associated Se and elemental Se were prevalent forms in sediments in the ponds system. The higher concentrations of elemental Se and organic associated Se in sediments in Cell 1 indicated that the immobilization of Se was active in the sediments compared to Cell 9, while the percentage of both fractions of total Se in sediments in Cells 1 and 9 was relatively constant. The organic materials from algae might provide carbon sources for Se reduction and Se sink in sediments in its elemental and organic associated forms. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryu, Ji-Hun] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Radioact Waste Technol Dev Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Gao, Suduan] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Tanji, Kenneth K.] Univ Calif Davis, Hydrol Program, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ryu, JH (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Radioact Waste Technol Dev Div, 1045 Daedeokdaero, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM jryu@kaeri.re.kr FU University of California; Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy [201017102002D] FX Financial support for this research was received from University of California Salinity/Drainage Program: This work was partially supported by the Radioactive Waste Management of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 201017102002D). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.05.011 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 811TG UT WOS:000294238400017 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Esquivel, C Garcia-Machado, C Alvarado-Esquivel, D Gonzalez-Salazar, AM Briones-Fraire, C Vitela-Corrales, J Villena, I Dubey, JP AF Alvarado-Esquivel, C. Garcia-Machado, C. Alvarado-Esquivel, D. Gonzalez-Salazar, A. M. Briones-Fraire, C. Vitela-Corrales, J. Villena, I. Dubey, J. P. TI SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN DOMESTIC PIGS IN DURANGO STATE, MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; CATS; PORK; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS; OOCYSTS; HUMANS AB Little is known concerning the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Mexico. Accordingly, antibodies to T. gondii were determined in 1,074 domestic pigs in Durango, Mexico using the modified agglutination test. Two groups (A, B) of pigs were sampled: Group A pigs (n = 555) were raised in 3 geographical regions in Durango State and Group B pigs (n = 519) were from Sonora State but slaughtered in Durango City. Overall, antibodies to T. gondii were found in 136 (12.7%) of 1,074 pigs with titers of 1:25 in 29, 1:50 in 23, 1:100 in 18, 1:200 in 22, 1:400 in 12, 1:800 in 8, 1:1,600 in 2, and 1:3,200 or higher in 22. Of the pigs raised in Durango State, seroprevalence varied with age, management, and the geographic region; pigs raised in backyards in the mountainous region had a significantly higher seroprevalence (32.1%) than those raised in the valley (13.0%) and the semi-desert regions (14.0%). In Group A pigs from Durango, seroprevalence of T gondii infection was significantly higher in pigs older than 8 mo (19.5%) than in younger pigs (10.9%). In the whole pig population (Groups A and B toaether), seroprevalence was higher in pigs raised in Durango (16.0%) than in those raised in Sonora (9.1%) and higher in mixed-breed pigs (15.7%) than in pure-bred pigs (10.3%). This is the first, in-depth study on the seroprevalence of T gondii infection of pigs in Mexico and the first report on pigs from Durango State, Mexico. Results indicate that infected pork is likely an important source of T. gondii infection for humans in Durango State. C1 [Alvarado-Esquivel, C.; Garcia-Machado, C.; Alvarado-Esquivel, D.; Gonzalez-Salazar, A. M.; Briones-Fraire, C.; Vitela-Corrales, J.; Villena, I.; Dubey, J. P.] Juarez Univ Durango State, Fac Med, Durango 34000, Mexico. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 97 IS 4 BP 616 EP 619 DI 10.1645/GE-2755.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 809UE UT WOS:000294081400012 PM 21506843 ER PT J AU Allred, SB Ross-Davis, A AF Allred, Shorna Broussard Ross-Davis, Amy TI The Drop-off and Pick-up Method: An Approach to Reduce Nonresponse Bias in Natural Resource Surveys SO SMALL-SCALE FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Woodland owners; Survey research; Survey methodology; Drop-off/pick up method; Nonresponse bias ID FAMILY FOREST OWNERS; FACILITIES; RESPONSES AB Forestry researchers frequently conduct surveys to assess woodland owner attitudes, behavior, behavioral intentions, and program adoption. However, the ability to utilize survey results in applied research is dependent upon how accurately the sample respondents reflect the reference population. One major issue in survey research is nonresponse bias. Nonresponse bias occurs when individuals do not respond to a questionnaire and is a concern because of the potential inability to make accurate inferences to a population based on responses. Researchers in this study compare two methods of questionnaire distribution (Drop-off/Pick-up and the Tailored Design Method) in terms of cost effectiveness and response rate. When compared to the Tailored Design Method (TDM), use of the Drop-off/Pick-Up (DOPU) method resulted in significantly higher response rates, provided an alternative method by which to determine survey eligibility, and had significantly higher survey implementation costs. The DOPU technique is an effective means to reduce potential nonresponse bias through increased response rate. When implementing the DOPU method, face-to-face contact and verbal communication with respondents permitted researchers to better determine eligibility than did leaving the questionnaire on the doorknob. Relying solely on respondents to indicate ineligibility on the survey instrument was not as effective as verbal confirmation of eligibility in the DOPU. C1 [Allred, Shorna Broussard] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ross-Davis, Amy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Allred, SB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM srb237@cornell.edu; arossdavis@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1873-7617 J9 SMALL-SCALE FOR JI Small-Scale For. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s11842-010-9150-y PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 812AR UT WOS:000294260600004 ER PT J AU Bengston, DN Asah, ST Butler, BJ AF Bengston, David N. Asah, Stanley T. Butler, Brett J. TI The Diverse Values and Motivations of Family Forest Owners in the United States: An Analysis of an Open-ended Question in the National Woodland Owner Survey SO SMALL-SCALE FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Woodland ownership reasons; Forest owner typologies; Motivational categories; Content analysis; Ecosystem services ID MANAGEMENT; OBJECTIVES; ISSUES AB The number of family forest owners in the USA has increased continuously in recent decades, and the fate of much of US forests lies in the hands of this diverse and dynamic group of people. The National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS) is a recurring and comprehensive national survey of US private forest owners, including family forest owners. The NWOS includes an open-ended question that explores forest owners' motivations and values related to their woodland. The open-ended question format allows respondents to express their own frame of reference in their own words, rather than respond to predetermined, fixed-response categories of motivations. This paper describes the system of values and motivations that emerged from analysis of responses to the open-ended question, and compares these findings to a closed-ended, fixed-response question also included in the NWOS. Diverse and multidimensional motives were expressed by respondents. Eight broad categories and 37 sub-categories of motives and values emerged from analysis of the open-ended question. The fixed categories of the closed-ended question failed to capture many dimensions of forest owner motivations. A more detailed, qualitative understanding of forest owner motivations and values is needed to provide extension foresters and others who work with family forest owners important insights and help guide public policy related to private forestland. Open-ended survey questions can help provide such understanding. C1 [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bengston, David N.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Asah, Stanley T.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Butler, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dbengston@fs.fed.us; stasah@u.washington.edu; bbutler01@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1873-7617 J9 SMALL-SCALE FOR JI Small-Scale For. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s11842-010-9152-9 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 812AR UT WOS:000294260600006 ER PT J AU Pollegioni, P Woeste, K Olimpieri, I Marandola, D Cannata, F Malvolti, ME AF Pollegioni, Paola Woeste, Keith Olimpieri, Irene Marandola, Danilo Cannata, Francesco Malvolti, Maria Emilia TI Long-term human impacts on genetic structure of Italian walnut inferred by SSR markers SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE J. regia; SSR genetic structure; Royal Tratturo ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; F-STATISTICS; GENOME SCANS; BLACK-WALNUT; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION AB Life history traits, historic factors, and human activities can all shape the genetic diversity of a species. In Italy, walnut (Juglans regia L.) has a long history of cultivation both for wood and edible nuts. To better understand the genetic variability of current Italian walnut resources, we analyzed the relationships among the genetic structure of local walnut populations (inferred by SSR markers) and human migrations along ancient routes, using the territory of Royal Tratturo Candela-Pescasseroli (RT) as a case study. Sixteen J. regia provenances were collected along RT and compared with 13 Italian provenances and the landrace Sorrento. Although the level of SSR polymorphism we observed was moderately high, AMOVA revealed that most of the diversity was located within individuals (92.58%), and geographical differentiation was low (D (est) = 0.076). Evidence for human-mediated domestication bottleneck events was detected in about 95% of walnut provenances. A Bayesian approach divided 456 walnut samples into three clusters: (1) Sorrento genotypes, (2) trees from the island of Sicily, and (3) the remaining germplasm. The UPGMA tree based on Nei's distances distinguished northeastern provenances and weakly grouped 12 of 16 provenances of RT. The observed genetic differences derived mainly from gradations in allele frequencies. Separation of the Sicilian provenance from the mainland may be explained in terms of founder effects and prolonged geographic isolation. Two contrasting forces, selection, and frequent inter-regional transfer of propagules, appear to drive the patterns of genetic variability for J. regia. C1 [Pollegioni, Paola; Olimpieri, Irene; Marandola, Danilo; Cannata, Francesco; Malvolti, Maria Emilia] CNR Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, I-05010 Porano, Terni, Italy. [Woeste, Keith] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA, US Forest Serv,Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regene, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pollegioni, P (reprint author), CNR Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, Viale Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, Terni, Italy. EM paola.pollegioni@ibaf.cnr.it FU Italian Ministry of Research FX The study was developed in the framework of the Italian Project "FIMONT" (Metodi e sistemi per aumentare il valore aggiunto degli alimenti tradizionali ed a vocazione territoriale nelle zone montane) supported by Italian Ministry of Research, scientific coordinator Professor Giacomo Elias (University of Milan), financial coordinator Dr. Rosanna Farina (Italian Mountain Institution, Rome). The authors thank Giovanni De Simoni, Marcello Cherubini, Daniela Taurchini, and Daniele Canestrelli for their support in statistical and laboratory analysis and Dr. Claudia Mattioni (CNR-IBAF, Porano) and Dr. Isacco Beritognolo (CNR-ISAFOM, Perugia) for their critical review of the manuscript. A warm thanks to Francesco Pallotta for logistic support in Molise and Abruzzo. The use of trade names is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not imply official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 74 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD AUG PY 2011 VL 7 IS 4 BP 707 EP 723 DI 10.1007/s11295-011-0368-4 PG 17 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 796AE UT WOS:000293021100004 ER PT J AU Echt, CS Saha, S Deemer, DL Nelson, CD AF Echt, Craig S. Saha, Surya Deemer, Dennis L. Nelson, C. Dana TI Microsatellite DNA in genomic survey sequences and UniGenes of loblolly pine SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE EST-SSR; GSS-SSR; Microsatellite marker; Pinus taeda; SSR frequency ID CONIFER GENOME; SITKA SPRUCE; HARD PINES; EST-SSRS; MARKERS; LOCI; L.; RESOURCE; REPEATS; PLANTS AB Genomic DNA sequence databases are a potential and growing resource for simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker development in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine also has many expressed sequence tags (ESTs) available for microsatellite (SSR) marker development. We compared loblolly pine SSR densities in genome survey sequences (GSSs) to those in non-redundant EST and cDNA sequences (UniGenes) and designed SSR primer pairs from both sequence types. Overall SSR densities were 96 SSR/Mb in GSSs and 38 SSR/Mb in UniGenes. Loblolly pine had the lowest transcriptome SSR density when compared to 49 other species in the NCBI UniGene database. Among the five different GSS genome fractions of loblolly pine analyzed, methylation-filtered DNA had the highest SSR density at 145 SSR/Mb. The most abundant loblolly pine SSR motif was AT in both GSSs (34 SSR/Mb) and UniGenes (7.6 SSR/Mb). Among the trinucleotide SSR motifs, the most abundant was AAT (9.5 SSR/Mb) in GSSs and AGC (4.9 SSR/Mb) in UniGenes. We designed PCR primer pairs for 120 genomic SSRs and 315 EST-SSRs and evaluated PCR amplification for 108 (25%). We identified 21 primer pairs that reliably amplified polymorphic loci from 31 loblolly pine individuals and estimated that at least 60 additional polymorphic marker loci could be developed from available P. taeda GSS and UniGene resources. C1 [Echt, Craig S.; Deemer, Dennis L.; Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Saha, Surya] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Genome Explorat Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Saha, Surya] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Saha, Surya] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Echt, CS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM cecht@fs.fed.us RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012; OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051; Saha, Surya/0000-0002-1160-1413 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD AUG PY 2011 VL 7 IS 4 BP 773 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s11295-011-0373-7 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 796AE UT WOS:000293021100009 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC Bowling, AJ Ruel, KJ AF Vaughn, Kevin C. Bowling, Andrew J. Ruel, Katia J. TI THE MECHANISM FOR EXPLOSIVE SEED DISPERSAL IN CARDAMINE HIRSUTA (BRASSICACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; ballistic seed dispersal; bittercress; Brassicaceae; dehiscence; immunocytochemistry; silique ID CELL-WALL XYLANS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GELATINOUS FIBERS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PLANT; POLYSACCHARIDES; EPITOPES; TENDRILS; MUCILAGE; COILING AB Premise: Although many highly successful weed species use a ballistic seed dispersal mechanism, little is known about the mechanics of this process. Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) siliques are morphologically similar to Arabidopsis siliques, but they can project their seeds up to 5 m, while Arabidopsis seeds are dispersed by gravity. Comparison of these species should enable us to determine which structures might be responsible for ballistic seed dispersal. Methods: Sections of Arabidopsis and bittercress siliques were immunolabeled with antibodies raised against a variety of polysaccharide epitopes. Results: In bittercress, the second endocarp layer (enB) of the valve had strongly asymmetrical cell wall thickenings, whereas the analogous cells in Arabidopsis were reinforced symmetrically and to a lesser extent. Additionally, an accumulation of mucilaginous pectins was found between the first and second endocarp (enA and enB) layers in the bittercress valve that was not present in Arabidopsis. However, in both species, highly de-esterified homogalacturonan was lost in the dehiscence zone (at the carpel/replum interface) as the siliques matured, thus allowing for separation of the valve at maturity. Conclusions: Ballistic seed dispersal in bittercress may involve the contraction of the outer pericarp tissue against the highly asymmetrically thickened enB cells, which are hypothesized to bend in one direction preferentially. The stress generated by the differential drying of the inner and outer layers of the valve is released suddenly as the adhesion between the cells of the dehiscence zone is lost, leading to a rapid coiling of the valve and dispersal of the seeds. C1 [Vaughn, Kevin C.; Bowling, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ruel, Katia J.] CERMAV CNRS UPR 5301, Res Ctr Plant Macromol, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Bowling, AJ (reprint author), Dow Agrosci, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. EM AJBowling@dow.com FU ARS; NSF [DBI-0421683, RCN-0090281] FX A.J.B. was supported in part by the ARS Research Associate program to K.C.V. Ted Whitwell generously supplied bittercress seed, and Mark Czarnota supplied photos of bittercress plants in weedy situations. Timothy Huggins provided excellent technical assistance. Production of the CCRC series monoclonal antibodies was supported by NSF grants DBI-0421683 and RCN-0090281. Mention of a trademark, vendor or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by USDA. Thanks are extended to several researchers at the Plant Cell Wall Gordon Conference, who provided excellent suggestions as to experiments to perform and suggestions for interpretation. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 28 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1276 EP 1285 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000374 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 802LR UT WOS:000293513400017 PM 21795731 ER PT J AU Chiapella, JO DeBoer, VL Amico, GC Kuhl, JC AF Chiapella, Jorge O. DeBoer, Veronica L. Amico, Guillermo C. Kuhl, Joseph C. TI A MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY IN THE DESCHAMPSIA CESPITOSA COMPLEX (POACEAE; POEAE; AIRINAE) IN NORTHERN NORTH AMERICA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Deschampsia; morphology; North America; Poaceae; ITS; trnK-rps16 ID BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; CHLOROPLAST GENOME SEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; POPULATION-GENETICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CAESPITOSA; PLANTS; COLORADO AB Premise of the study: In the North American Arctic, the existence of one or several taxa closely related to Deschampsia cespitosa var. cespitosa has remained a puzzle for many years. Extreme morphological variation, lack of clear limits between alleged forms, and an extended geographic range often render identification keys incomplete, and raise the question of how many species this taxon represents. Methods: Morphological and molecular analysis, including multivariate statistics, ITS and the cpDNA marker trnK-rps16, was conducted on D. cespitosa var. cespitosa and related taxa using 201 herbarium specimens from northern North America (Alaska, Canada, and Greenland). Fifty-three morphological characters were recorded from all specimens, while sequences were retrieved from 167 specimens. Key results: Results show that Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. cespitosa, D. cespitosa subsp. alpina (L.) Tzvelev, D. cespitosa subsp. beringensis (Hulten) W. E. Lawr., D. brevifolia R. Br., D. cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. glauca (Hartm.) C. Hartm., D. mackenzieana Raup, D. cespitosa subsp. orientalis Hulten, and D. pumila (Griseb.) Ostenf. differed significantly in a few morphological variables, but molecularly are a closely related group with several sequences and haplotypes that are nearly identical. Conclusions: Overall, the evidence points to the existence of a single species, Deschampsia cespitosa. The occurrence of slightly different morphological types related to specific geographical distributions allows recognition of three additional taxa at the infraspecific level, D. cespitosa subsp. alpina, D. cespitosa subsp. beringensis, and D. brevifolia. All studied taxa showed morphological variation in a gradient, suggesting the existence of phenotypic plasticity. C1 [Chiapella, Jorge O.] IMBIV Univ Cordoba CONICET, Lab Mol, Cordoba, Argentina. [DeBoer, Veronica L.; Kuhl, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [DeBoer, Veronica L.] Sci Crime Detect Lab, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Amico, Guillermo C.] INIBIOMA CONICET Univ Nacl Comahue, Lab Ecotono, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Kuhl, JC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jkuhl@uidaho.edu FU Fulbright Commission; Argentinean Research Council (CONICET) FX The authors thank the curators of ALA, C, CMN, and S for kindly sending specimens and allowing extraction of small samples of leaves from herbarium specimens for DNA extraction. J.O.C. thanks the Fulbright Commission for financial support to carry out the study in Alaska, and the Argentinean Research Council (CONICET) for support. Thanks to S. J. Wright for putting the authors in contact and supporting the project in Alaska. Thanks to D. F. Murray (University of Alaska) and M. Timana (Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima) for reading an earlier version of the manuscript. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and Mark P. Simmons for detailed comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. This article is dedicated to Oscar Chiapella, who passed away while J.O.C. was on his Fulbright scholarship in Alaska. NR 112 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1366 EP 1380 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000495 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 802LR UT WOS:000293513400026 PM 21821595 ER PT J AU Leon, JS Kingsley, DH Montes, JS Richards, GP Lyon, GM Abdulhafid, GM Seitz, SR Fernandez, ML Teunis, PF Flick, GJ Moe, CL AF Leon, Juan S. Kingsley, David H. Montes, Julia S. Richards, Gary P. Lyon, G. Marshall Abdulhafid, Gwen M. Seitz, Scot R. Fernandez, Marina L. Teunis, Peter F. Flick, George J. Moe, Christine L. TI Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial for Human Norovirus Inactivation in Oysters by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAK; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; SHELF-LIFE; INFECTION; SHELLFISH AB Contamination of oysters with human noroviruses (HuNoV) constitutes a human health risk and may lead to severe economic losses in the shellfish industry. There is a need to identify a technology that can inactivate HuNoV in oysters. In this study, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial to assess the effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) on Norwalk virus (HuNoV genogroup I. 1) inactivation in virus-seeded oysters ingested by subjects. Forty-four healthy, positive-secretor adults were divided into three study phases. Subjects in each phase were randomized into control and intervention groups. Subjects received Norwalk virus (8FIIb, 1.0 x 10(4) genomic equivalent copies) in artificially seeded oysters with or without HPP treatment (400 MPa at 25 degrees C, 600 MPa at 6 degrees C, or 400 MPa at 6 degrees C for 5 min). HPP at 600 MPa, but not 400 MPa (at 6 degrees or 25 degrees C), completely inactivated HuNoV in seeded oysters and resulted in no HuNoV infection among these subjects, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR detection of HuNoV RNA in subjects' stool or vomitus samples. Interestingly, a white blood cell (granulocyte) shift was identified in 92% of the infected subjects and was significantly associated with infection (P = 0.0014). In summary, these data suggest that HPP is effective at inactivating HuNoV in contaminated whole oysters and suggest a potential intervention to inactivate infectious HuNoV in oysters for the commercial shellfish industry. C1 [Leon, Juan S.; Montes, Julia S.; Fernandez, Marina L.; Teunis, Peter F.; Moe, Christine L.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kingsley, David H.; Richards, Gary P.] Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Flick, George J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Moe, CL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Room 6041 Claudia Nance Rollins Bldg,1518 Clifton, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM clmoe@emory.edu RI Moe, Christine/G-6118-2012; Leon, Juan/E-9674-2012 FU USDA-NIFA [2005-5110-03271, 2010-85212-20608]; National Institutes of Health Public Health Service [UL1 RR025008, KL2 RR025009, TL1 RR025010, M01 RR0039]; Virginia Sea Grant Program [A/EP-10-01]; Emory University Global Health Institute; NIH NIAID [1K01AI087724-01]; USDA [1935-42000-059-00D] FX This study was supported by the USDA-NIFA (grant 2005-5110-03271) and by the National Institutes of Health Public Health Service (grants UL1 RR025008, KL2 RR025009, TL1 RR025010, and M01 RR0039) from the Clinical and Translational Science Award program. This study was also supported in part by the Virginia Sea Grant Program (grant A/EP-10-01). J.S.L. was supported in part by funds from Emory University Global Health Institute, NIH NIAID (1K01AI087724-01), and USDA NIFA (2010-85212-20608) grants. D.H.K. and G.P.R. were supported by USDA intramural funds (project 1935-42000-059-00D). NR 58 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 15 BP 5476 EP 5482 DI 10.1128/AEM.02801-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 798PW UT WOS:000293224500046 PM 21705552 ER PT J AU Baidya, S Cary, JW Grayburn, WS Calvo, AM AF Baidya, Sachin Cary, Jeffrey W. Grayburn, W. Scott Calvo, A. M. TI Role of Nitric Oxide and Flavohemoglobin Homolog Genes in Aspergillus nidulans Sexual Development and Mycotoxin Production SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NITROSATIVE STRESS; EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE; ORYZAE; REPRODUCTION; DIOXYGENASE; HEMOGLOBINS AB Flavohemoglobins are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These proteins are involved in reducing nitric oxide levels. Deletion of the Aspergillus nidulans flavohemoglobin gene fhbA induced sexual development and decreased sterigmatocystin production. Supplementation with a nitric oxide-releasing compound promoted cleistothecial formation and increased nsdD and steA expression, indicating that nitric oxide induces sexual development. This is the first study on the effect of nitric oxide on morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in fungi. C1 [Baidya, Sachin; Grayburn, W. Scott; Calvo, A. M.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Cary, Jeffrey W.] Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Calvo, AM (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM amcalvo@niu.edu FU Northern Illinois University; USDA-SCA [58-6435-9-386] FX This study was funded by Northern Illinois University and by USDA-SCA 58-6435-9-386. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 15 BP 5524 EP 5528 DI 10.1128/AEM.00638-11 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 798PW UT WOS:000293224500053 PM 21642398 ER PT J AU Liu, C Bronson, RT Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Liu, Chun Bronson, Roderick T. Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI beta-Cryptoxanthin Supplementation Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Damage, and Squamous Metaplasia in Ferrets SO CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RETINOIC ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; EXPOSED FERRETS; TOBACCO-SMOKE; VITAMIN-A; CANCER; RISK; ANTIOXIDANTS AB In epidemiologic studies, high intake of beta-cryptoxanthin has been associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, particularly among current smokers. However, data are not available from well-controlled animal studies to examine the effects of beta-cryptoxanthin on cigarette smoke-induced lung lesions, and the biological mechanisms by which beta-cryptoxanthin might affect lung carcinogenesis. We evaluated the effects of beta-cryptoxanthin supplementation on cigarette smoke-induced squamous metaplasia, inflammation, and changes in protein levels of proinflammatory cytokine [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)] and transcription factors [nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1)], as well as on smoke-induced oxidative DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] in the lung tissue of ferrets. Thirty-six male ferrets were assigned to cigarette smoke exposure or no exposure and to low-dose, or high-dose beta-cryptoxanthin, or no dose (2 x 3 factorial design) for 3 months. beta-Cryptoxanthin supplementation dose-dependently increased plasma and lung beta-cryptoxanthin levels in ferrets, whereas cigarette smoke exposure lowered plasma and lung beta-cryptoxanthin levels. beta-Cryptoxanthin at both doses significantly decreased smoke-induced lung squamous metaplasia and inflammation. beta-Cryptoxanthin also substantially reduced smoke-elevated TNF alpha levels in alveolar, bronchial, bronchiolar, and bronchial serous/mucous gland epithelial cells and in lung macrophages. Moreover, beta-cryptoxanthin decreased smoke-induced activation of NF-kappa B, expression of AP-1 and levels of 8-OHdG. The beneficial effects of beta-cryptoxanthin were stronger for high-dose beta-cryptoxanthin than for low-dose beta-cryptoxanthin. Data from this study indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin provides a beneficial effect against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, oxidative DNA damage and squamous metaplasia in the lungs. Cancer Prev Res; 4(8); 1255-66. (C) 2011 AACR. C1 [Liu, Chun; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bronson, Roderick T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chun.liu@tufts.edu FU American Institute of Cancer Research [07A003]; Prevent Cancer Foundation; NIH [CA104932]; US Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-064S] FX The work is supported by the American Institute of Cancer Research grant 07A003, the Prevent Cancer Foundation grant, the NIH CA104932 grant, and the US Department of Agriculture grant 1950-51000-064S. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1940-6207 J9 CANCER PREV RES JI Cancer Prev. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 4 IS 8 BP 1255 EP 1266 DI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0384 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 802JJ UT WOS:000293505700012 PM 21421799 ER PT J AU Kang, YM Park, DJ Min, JY Song, HJ Jeong, MJ Kim, YD Kang, SM Karigar, CS Choi, MS AF Kang, Y. M. Park, D. J. Min, J. Y. Song, H. J. Jeong, M. J. Kim, Y. D. Kang, S. M. Karigar, C. S. Choi, M. S. TI Enhanced production of tropane alkaloids in transgenic Scopolia parviflora hairy root cultures over-expressing putrescine N-methyl transferase (PMT) and hyoscyamine-6 beta-hydroxylase (H6H) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Hyosamine-6 beta-hydroxylase (H6H); Putrescine N-methyl transferase (PMT); Hairy roots; Phytohormones; Scopolia parviflora; Tropane alkaloids ID HYOSCYAMINE 6-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; T-DNA; PLANTS; GROWTH; CELLS; METHYLTRANSFERASE; SCOPOLAMINE; SOLANACEAE; GENE AB Scopolia parviflora adventitious roots were metabolically engineered by co-expression of the two gene putrescine N-methyl transferase (PMT) and hyoscyamine-6 beta-hydroxylase (H6H) cDNAs with the aid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The transformed roots developed into morphologically distinct S. parviflora PMT1 (SpPMT1), S. parviflora PMT1 (SpPMT2), and S. parviflora H6H (SpH6H) transgenic hairy root lines. Consequent to the introduction of these key enzyme genes, the production of the alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine was enhanced. Among the transgenic hairy root lines, SpPMT2 line possessed the highest growth index. The treatment of transgenic hairy roots with growth regulators further enhanced the production of scopolamine. Thus, the results suggest that PMT1, PMT2, and H6H genes may not only be involved in the metabolic regulation of alkaloid production but also that these genes may play a role in the root development. C1 [Park, D. J.; Song, H. J.; Jeong, M. J.; Choi, M. S.] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Div Environm Forest Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Kang, Y. M.] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, USDA, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Min, J. Y.] Sancheong Oriental Med Herb Inst, Sancheong Gun 666931, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Kim, Y. D.] Inst Hadong Green Tea, Hadong Gun 667804, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Kang, S. M.] Gyeongsangnam Do Forest Environm Res Inst, Dept Forest Res, Jinju 660871, South Korea. [Karigar, C. S.] Bangalore Univ, Dept Biochem, Bangalore 560001, Karnataka, India. RP Choi, MS (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Div Environm Forest Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. EM mschoi@gnu.ac.kr FU Korea government (MOST) [KRF-2006-521-F00023, KRF-2005-215-F00004] FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund; KRF-2006-521-F00023) and by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation Grant funded by the Korea government (MOST; KRF-2005-215-F00004). NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s11627-011-9367-2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 808EP UT WOS:000293960300008 ER PT J AU Smith, NH Berg, S Dale, J Allen, A Rodriguez, S Romero, B Matos, F Ghebremichael, S Karoui, C Donati, C Machado, AD Mucavele, C Kazwala, RR Hilty, M Cadmus, S Ngandolo, BNR Habtamu, M Oloya, J Muller, A Milian-Suazo, F Andrievskaia, O Projahn, M Barandiaran, S Macias, A Muller, B Zanini, MS Ikuta, CY Rodriguez, CAR Pinheiro, SR Figueroa, A Cho, SN Mosavari, N Chuang, PC Jou, RW Zinsstag, J van Soolingen, D Costello, E Aseffa, A Proano-Perez, F Portaels, F Rigouts, L Cataldi, AA Collins, DM Boschiroli, ML Hewinson, RG Neto, JSF Surujballi, O Tadyon, K Botelho, A Zarraga, AM Buller, N Skuce, R Michel, A Aranaz, A Gordon, SV Jeon, BY Kallenius, G Niemann, S Boniotti, MB van Helden, PD Harris, B Zumarraga, MJ Kremer, K AF Smith, Noel H. Berg, Stefan Dale, James Allen, Adrian Rodriguez, Sabrina Romero, Beatriz Matos, Filipa Ghebremichael, Solomon Karoui, Claudine Donati, Chiara Machado, Adelina da Conceicao Mucavele, Custodia Kazwala, Rudovick R. Hilty, Markus Cadmus, Simeon Ngandolo, Bongo Nare Richard Habtamu, Meseret Oloya, James Muller, Annelle Milian-Suazo, Feliciano Andrievskaia, Olga Projahn, Michaela Barandiaran, Soledad Macias, Analia Mueller, Borna Zanini, Marcos Santos Ikuta, Cassia Yumi Rosales Rodriguez, Cesar Alejandro Pinheiro, Sonia Regina Figueroa, Alvaro Cho, Sang-Nae Mosavari, Nader Chuang, Pei-Chun Jou, Ruwen Zinsstag, Jakob van Soolingen, Dick Costello, Eamonn Aseffa, Abraham Proano-Perez, Freddy Portaels, Francoise Rigouts, Leen Adrian Cataldi, Angel Collins, Desmond M. Boschiroli, Maria Laura Hewinson, R. Glyn Ferreira Neto, Jose Soares Surujballi, Om Tadyon, Keyvan Botelho, Ana Maria Zarraga, Ana Buller, Nicky Skuce, Robin Michel, Anita Aranaz, Alicia Gordon, Stephen V. Jeon, Bo-Young Kaellenius, Gunilla Niemann, Stefan Boniotti, M. Beatrice van Helden, Paul D. Harris, Beth Zumarraga, Martin Jose Kremer, Kristin TI European 1: A globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE World; Bovine tuberculosis; Clonal complex; Localisation; Cattle; Phylogeography; Mycobacterium bovis ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TREHALOSE BIOSYNTHESIS; SPOLIGOTYPE DIVERSITY; LATIN-AMERICAN; CATTLE AB We have identified a globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis by deletion analysis of over one thousand strains from over 30 countries. We initially show that over 99% of the strains of M. bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, isolated from cattle in the Republic of Ireland and the UK are closely related and are members of a single clonal complex marked by the deletion of chromosomal region RDEu1 and we named this clonal complex European 1 (Eu1). Eu1 strains were present at less than 14% of French, Portuguese and Spanish isolates of M. bovis but are rare in other mainland European countries and Iran. However, strains of the Eu1 clonal complex were found at high frequency in former trading partners of the UK (USA, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Canada). The Americas, with the exception of Brazil, are dominated by the Eu1 clonal complex which was at high frequency in Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico as well as North America. Eu1 was rare or absent in the African countries surveyed except South Africa. A small sample of strains from Taiwan were non-Eu1 but, surprisingly, isolates from Korea and Kazakhstan were members of the Eu1 clonal complex. The simplest explanation for much of the current distribution of the Eu1 clonal complex is that it was spread in infected cattle, such as Herefords, from the UK to former trading partners, although there is evidence of secondary dispersion since. This is the first identification of a globally dispersed clonal complex M. bovis and indicates that much of the current global distribution of this important veterinary pathogen has resulted from relatively recent International trade in cattle. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Noel H.] Univ Sussex, Ctr Study Evolut, Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, New Haw KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Allen, Adrian; Skuce, Robin] AFBI Stormont, Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Belfast BT4 3SD, Antrim, North Ireland. [Rodriguez, Sabrina; Romero, Beatriz; Aranaz, Alicia] Univ Complutense, Dept Sanidad Anim, Fac Vet, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Rodriguez, Sabrina; Romero, Beatriz; Aranaz, Alicia] Univ Complutense, Ctr Vigilancia Sanitaria Vet VISAVET, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Matos, Filipa; Botelho, Ana] IP LNIV, Lab Nacl Invest Vet INRB, P-1549011 Lisbon, Portugal. [Ghebremichael, Solomon] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Bacteriol, S-17182 Solna, Sweden. [Karoui, Claudine; Boschiroli, Maria Laura] AFSSA LERPAZ, Unite Zoonoses Bacteriennes, F-94706 Maisons Alfort, France. [Donati, Chiara; Boniotti, M. Beatrice] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Lombardia & Emilia, Reparto Genom, I-25124 Brescia, Italy. [Machado, Adelina da Conceicao; Mucavele, Custodia] Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Fac Vet, Maputo, Mozambique. [Kazwala, Rudovick R.] Sokoine Univ Agr, Morogoro, Tanzania. [Hilty, Markus] Univ Bern, Inst Infect Dis, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. [Cadmus, Simeon; Zumarraga, Martin Jose] Univ Ibadan, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Ngandolo, Bongo Nare Richard] Lab Rech Vet & Zootech Farcha, Ndjamena, Chad. [Habtamu, Meseret; Aseffa, Abraham] Armauer Hansen Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Oloya, James] Univ Georgia, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Populat Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Coverdell Ctr 132, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Muller, Annelle; Mueller, Borna] Univ Stellenbosch, Div Mol Biol & Human Genet, Fac Hlth Sci, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Milian-Suazo, Feliciano] Ctr Nacl Invest Disciplinaria Fisiol & Mejoramien, Mexico City 76280, DF, Mexico. [Andrievskaia, Olga; Surujballi, Om] Ottawa Lab Fallowfield Ottawa, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. [Projahn, Michaela; Niemann, Stefan] Res Ctr Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany. [Barandiaran, Soledad; van Helden, Paul D.] Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Vet Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Macias, Analia] Rio IV Univ, Sch Vet Med, Cordoba, Argentina. [Ikuta, Cassia Yumi; Rosales Rodriguez, Cesar Alejandro] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Pinheiro, Sonia Regina] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Fac Vet Med & Zootecn, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Figueroa, Alvaro; Maria Zarraga, Ana] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Bioquim, Valdivia, Chile. [Cho, Sang-Nae; Jeon, Bo-Young] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 120752, South Korea. [Mosavari, Nader] Razi Vaccine & Serum Res Inst, PPD Tuberculin Dept, Karaj 3197619751, Iran. [Chuang, Pei-Chun; Jou, Ruwen] Ctr Dis Control, Reference Lab Mycobacteriol, Res & Diagnost Ctr, Dept Hlth, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Zinsstag, Jakob] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [van Soolingen, Dick; Kremer, Kristin] Ctr Infect Dis Control Clb LIS, TB Reference Lab, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Costello, Eamonn] Cent Vet Res Lab, Celbridge, Kildare, Ireland. [Proano-Perez, Freddy; Portaels, Francoise; Rigouts, Leen] Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Adrian Cataldi, Angel] CICVyA, Inst Biotechnol, INTA, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Collins, Desmond M.] AgRes, Natl Ctr Biosecur & Infect Dis, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. [Hewinson, R. Glyn] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, New Haw KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Tadyon, Keyvan] Razi Vaccine & Serum Res Inst, Dept Vet Aerob Bacterial Res & Vaccine Prod, Karaj 3197619751, Iran. [Buller, Nicky] Dept Agr & Food Western Australia, Australian Reference Lab Bovine TB, Anim Hlth Labs, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. [Michel, Anita] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Michel, Anita] ARC Onderstepoort Vet Inst, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Gordon, Stephen V.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Coll Life Sci, Sch Agr Food Sci & Vet Med, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Gordon, Stephen V.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Coll Life Sci, Sch Med & Med Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Gordon, Stephen V.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Coll Life Sci, Sch Biomol & Biomed Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Gordon, Stephen V.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Conway Inst, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Kaellenius, Gunilla] Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci & Educ, S-11883 Stockholm, Sweden. [Harris, Beth] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Mycobacteria & Brucella Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Smith, NH (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Ctr Study Evolut, Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, New Haw KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. EM Noel@Sussex.ac.uk; s.berg@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk; j.dale@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk; Adrian.Allen@afbini.gov.uk; sabrina.rodriguez@visavet.ucm.es; bromerom@visavet.ucm.es; filipadematos@gmail.com; solomon.ghebremichael@smi.se; c.karoui@afssa.fr; chdonati@libero.it; adelm1966@hotmail.com; custodiamucavele@hotmail.com; kazwala@gmail.com; Markus.Hilty@ifik.unibe.ch; sibcadmus@yahoo.com; bongo_nar@yahoo.fr; mekonnen.meseret@gmail.com; joloya2001@yahoo.co.uk; annelle_m@sun.ac.za; miliansf@yahoo.es; Olga.Andrievskaia@inspection.gc.ca; mprojahn@fz-borstel.de; SBaran@fvet.uba.ar; amacias@ayv.unrc.edu.ar; bmuller@sun.ac.za; zanini@cca.ufes.br; cassiayi@yahoo.com.br; pancho@usp.br; soniapin@usp.br; alvaroalejandrofigueroa@gmail.com; raycho@yuhs.ac; n.mosavari@rvsri.ir; peichun@cdc.gov.tw; rwj@cdc.gov.tw; Jakob.Zinsstag@unibas.ch; dick.van.soolingen@rivm.nl; eamonn.costello@agriculture.gov.ie; aseffaa@gmail.com; freddyproanoperez@yahoo.com; portaels@itg.be; lrigouts@itg.be; acataldi@cnia.inta.gov.ar; desmond.collins@agresearch.co.nz; ml.boschiroli@AFSSA.FR; r.g.hewinson@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk; jsoares@vps.fmvz.usp.br; Om.Surujballi@inspection.gc.ca; mmb093@googlemail.com; ANA.BOTELHO@LNIV.MIN-Agricultura.pt; anamaria.zarraga@gmail.com; nicky.buller@agric.wa.gov.au; Robin.Skuce@afbini.gov.uk; Anita.Michel@up.ac.za; alaranaz@vet.ucm.es; stephen.gordon@ucd.ie; bojeon87@gmail.com; Gunilla.kallenius@ki.se; sniemann@fz-borstel.de; mariabeatrice.boniotti@izsler.it; PVH@sun.ac.za; Beth.N.Harris@aphis.usda.gov; mzumarraga@cnia.inta.gov.ar; Kristin.Kremer@rivm.nl RI Ikuta, Cassia/I-3797-2012; Allen, Adrian/C-6242-2009; Zinsstag, Jakob/A-8317-2008; Niemann, Stefan/C-9327-2011; Smith, Noel/C-6708-2011; Berg, Stefan/D-3847-2011; Hewinson, Glyn/J-1902-2014; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Romero, Beatriz/J-5942-2015; Account for bibliometric studies, IT VISAVET/C-3115-2014; Aseffa, Abraham/J-3248-2016; Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Razi /A-3892-2017; Gordon, Stephen/E-6960-2011; OI Ikuta, Cassia/0000-0002-8543-5219; Zinsstag, Jakob/0000-0002-8899-6097; Romero, Beatriz/0000-0001-5263-1806; Account for bibliometric studies, IT VISAVET/0000-0003-3319-0050; Aseffa, Abraham/0000-0002-8028-1150; Gordon, Stephen/0000-0002-4833-5542; Kallenius, Gunilla/0000-0002-8921-0551; Botelho, Ana/0000-0002-1843-9455; Michel, Anita/0000-0001-9240-2653; Rodriguez-Campos, Sabrina/0000-0002-1159-484X; Hilty, Markus/0000-0002-2418-6474 FU TBadapt project [LSHp-CT-2007-037919]; Swiss National Science Foundation [107559]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Heart-Lung foundation; Swedish International Development Agency; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Northern Ireland [DARD0407]; EU [KBBE-2007-1-3-04, 212414]; Damien Foundation, Belgium; Commission Universitaire pour le Developpement (CUD); University of Liege; Wellcome Trust Livestock for Life and Animal Health in the Developing World initiatives [075833/A/04/Z]; Chilean National Livestock Servic [FONDOSAGC5-100-10-23, CONICYT-FIC-R-EQU18]; Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK [SB4020] FX We thank M. Okker and K. Gover from the AHVLA, and R. de Zwaan from the RIVM for excellent technical help. This work was funded by: TBadapt project (LSHp-CT-2007-037919); B.M. received financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung foundation, Swedish International Development Agency; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Northern Ireland (project DARD0407); EU project TB-STEP (KBBE-2007-1-3-04, no. 212414); Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 107559); Damien Foundation, Belgium; Commission Universitaire pour le Developpement (CUD), University of Liege (Project PIC); The Wellcome Trust Livestock for Life and Animal Health in the Developing World initiatives (075833/A/04/Z); Chilean National Livestock Service FONDOSAGC5-100-10-23 and CONICYT-FIC-R-EQU18 and by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK (project SB4020). NR 91 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1340 EP 1351 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.027 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 806JV UT WOS:000293804600024 PM 21571099 ER PT J AU Kagan, IA Kirch, BH Thatcher, CD Strickland, JR Teutsch, CD Elvinger, F Pleasant, RS AF Kagan, Isabelle A. Kirch, Brett H. Thatcher, Craig D. Strickland, James R. Teutsch, Chris D. Elvinger, Francois Pleasant, R. Scott TI Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Simple Sugar and Fructan Composition of Orchardgrass Pasture and Hay in the Piedmont Region of the United States SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Orchardgrass; WSC; Fructan; Sucrose; HPLC-PAD; Laminitis ID PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; CARBOHYDRATE ACCUMULATION; EQUINE LAMINITIS; FORAGE GRASSES; OLIGOMERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEAVES AB Seasonal and diurnal changes in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC), as well as in chromatographic profiles of the sugars comprising these categories, were studied in orchardgrass pastures at one location in the Piedmont region of Virginia. Grass from four experimental plots was sampled weekly in the morning and afternoon over an 8-week period (early to late spring). Tissue was air-dried to simulate hay, or frozen to preserve the sugar profiles of fresh pasture. WSC and ESC were assayed colorimetrically. To profile sugars, boiled-water extracts were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection. Fructan, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. All sugar concentrations were highest in the early spring in both fresh and dried tissue. Fructan chain length was highest in early spring as well. Significant diurnal differences were observed for WSC and fructan, on some dates (P < .0001 and P = .024, respectively), and for ESC, glucose, and sucrose averaged over the entire period (P = .0002, .004, and < .0001, respectively). Sucrose was barely detectable in fresh tissue but reached 1.6% to 12% dry matter in dried tissue. These results demonstrate changes in orchardgrass carbohydrates over a season, within a day, and between dried and fresh herbage. Understanding these changes may be helpful in the management of horses with a history of insulin resistance and laminitis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kagan, Isabelle A.; Kirch, Brett H.; Strickland, James R.] Univ Kentucky, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA ARS, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Thatcher, Craig D.; Elvinger, Francois; Pleasant, R. Scott] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Teutsch, Chris D.] Virginia Tech, Coll Agr & Life Sci, So Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA USA. RP Kagan, IA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA ARS, N220 Agr Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM isabelle.kagan@ars.usda.gov FU Virginia Horse Industry Board; US Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank Mac Wilson for providing weather data, Phil Harrison (USDA-ARS-FRRL, Logan, UT) for providing standards of fructan, Kelly Brown and Brenda Coe for DM determinations, Tamara Kays for help with extraction and cleanup of HPLC samples, and Mark Taylor, DVM, for forage collection and processing at several periods. This study was funded by the Virginia Horse Industry Board and the US Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0737-0806 J9 J EQUINE VET SCI JI J. Equine Vet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 8 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.004 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 807VO UT WOS:000293931300010 ER PT J AU Bekal, S Domier, LL Niblack, TL Lambert, KN AF Bekal, Sadia Domier, Leslie L. Niblack, Terry L. Lambert, Kris N. TI Discovery and initial analysis of novel viral genomes in the soybean cyst nematode SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA VIRUS; REPLICATION; DISEASE; PLANT; TRANSMISSION AB Nematodes are the most abundant multicellular animals on earth, yet little is known about their natural viral pathogens. To date, only two nematode virus genomes have been reported. Consequently, nematode viruses have been overlooked as important biotic factors in the study of nematode ecology. Here, we show that one plant parasitic nematode species, Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), harbours four different RNA viruses. The nematode virus genomes were discovered in the SCN transcriptome after high-throughput sequencing and assembly. All four viruses have negative-sense RNA genomes, and are distantly related to nyaviruses and bornaviruses, rhabdoviruses, bunyaviruses and tenuiviruses. Some members of these families replicate in and are vectored by insects, and can cause significant diseases in animals and plants. The novel viral sequences were detected in both eggs and the second juvenile stage of SCN, suggesting that these viruses are transmitted vertically. While there was no evidence of integration of viral sequences into the nematode genome, we indeed detected transcripts from these viruses by using quantitative PCR. These data are the first finding of virus genomes in parasitic nematodes. This discovery highlights the need for further exploration for nematode viruses in all tropic groups of these diverse and abundant animals, to determine how the presence of these viruses affects the fitness of the nematode, strategies of viral transmission and mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. C1 [Domier, Leslie L.; Lambert, Kris N.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61810 USA. RP Lambert, KN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61810 USA. EM knlamber@illinois.edu FU United Soybean Board; North Central Soybean Research Panel FX We would like to thank the United Soybean Board and the North Central Soybean Research Panel for the financial support. We also thank Drs George Bruening and Joanna Shisler for their helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 92 BP 1870 EP 1879 DI 10.1099/vir.0.030585-0 PN 8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 802DF UT WOS:000293488800016 PM 21490246 ER PT J AU Eaton, HL De Lorme, M Chaney, RL Craig, AM AF Eaton, H. L. De Lorme, M. Chaney, R. L. Craig, A. M. TI Ovine Ruminal Microbes Are Capable of Biotransforming Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SP-NOV; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; RUMINOCOCCUS-SCHINKII; ACETOGENIC BACTERIUM; ELECTRON-DONORS; GEN. NOV.; RUMEN; EXPLOSIVES; LIBRARIES AB Bioremediation is of great interest in the detoxification of soil contaminated with residues from explosives such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Although there are numerous forms of in situ and ex situ bioremediation, ruminants would provide the option of an in situ bioreactor that could be transported to the site of contamination. Bovine rumen fluid has been previously shown to transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a similar compound, in 4 h. In this study, RDX incubated in whole ovine rumen fluid was nearly eliminated within 4 h. Whole ovine rumen fluid was then inoculated into five different types of media to select for archaeal and bacterial organisms capable of RDX biotransformation. Cultures containing 30 mu g mL(-1) RDX were transferred each time the RDX concentration decreased to 5 mu g mL(-1) or less. Time point samples were analyzed for RDX biotransformation by HPLC. The two fastest transforming enrichments were in methanogenic and low nitrogen basal media. After 21 days, DNA was extracted from all enrichments able to partially or completely transform RDX in 7 days or less. To understand microbial diversity, 16S rRNA-gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting was conducted. Cloning and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA fragments were performed on both low nitrogen basal and methanogenic media enrichments. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similar homologies to eight different bacterial and one archaeal genera classified under the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Euryarchaeota. After continuing enrichment for RDX degraders for 1 year, two consortia remained: one that transformed RDX in 4 days and one which had slowed after 2 months of transfers without RDX. DGGE comparison of the slower transforming consortium to the faster one showed identical banding patterns except one band. Homology matches to clones from the two consortia identified the same uncultured Clostridia genus in both; Sporanaerobacter acetigenes was identified only in the consortia able to completely transform RDX. This is the first study to examine the rumen as a potential bioremediation tool for soils contaminated with RDX, as well as to discover S. acetigenes in the rumen and its potential ability to metabolize this energetic compound. C1 [Craig, A. M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Eaton, H. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [De Lorme, M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Chaney, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Craig, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM A.Morrie.Craig@oregonstate.edu RI Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013 FU Ruminant Solutions, UC (New Mexico); Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station [ORE00871]; USDA, Agriculture Research Service [50-1265-6-076] FX We would like to thank Paul Munson for his technical assistance and Dr. Jennifer Duringer for her editorial expertise. This study was supported in part by a gift from Ruminant Solutions, UC (New Mexico), the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station project ORE00871 and USDA, Agriculture Research Service project 50-1265-6-076. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 274 EP 286 DI 10.1007/s00248-011-9809-8 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 808GA UT WOS:000293964000004 PM 21340737 ER PT J AU Gardner, IA Nielsen, SS Whittington, RJ Collins, MT Bakker, D Harris, B Sreevatsan, S Lombard, JE Sweeney, R Smith, DR Gavalchin, J Eda, S AF Gardner, Ian A. Nielsen, Soren S. Whittington, Richard J. Collins, Michael T. Bakker, Douwe Harris, Beth Sreevatsan, Srinand Lombard, Jason E. Sweeney, Raymond Smith, David R. Gavalchin, Jerrie Eda, Shigetoshi TI Consensus-based reporting standards for diagnostic test accuracy studies for paratuberculosis in ruminants SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Test accuracy; Sensitivity and specificity; Paratuberculosis; Reporting standards; STARD ID AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POOLED FECAL CULTURE; REAL-TIME PCR; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; JOHNES-DISEASE; DAIRY-CATTLE; OVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; BOVINE-PARATUBERCULOSIS; SEROLOGICAL TESTS AB The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement (www.stard-statement.org) was developed to encourage complete and transparent reporting of key elements of test accuracy studies in human medicine. The statement was motivated by widespread evidence of bias in test accuracy studies and the finding that incomplete or absent reporting of items in the STARD checklist was associated with overly optimistic estimates of test performance characteristics. Although STARD principles apply broadly, specific guidelines do not exist to account for unique considerations in livestock studies such as herd tests, potential use of experimental challenge studies, a more diverse group of testing purposes and sampling designs, and the widespread lack of an ante-mortem reference standard with high sensitivity and specificity. The objective of the present study was to develop a modified version of STARD relevant to paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants. Examples and elaborations for each of the 25 items were developed by a panel of experts using a consensus-based approach to explain the items and underlying concepts. The new guidelines, termed STRADAS-paraTB (Standards for Reporting of Animal Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for paratuberculosis), should facilitate improved quality of reporting of the design, conduct and results of paratuberculosis test accuracy studies which were identified as "poor" in a review published in 2008 in Veterinary Microbiology. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gardner, Ian A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nielsen, Soren S.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Large Anim Sci, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Whittington, Richard J.] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. [Collins, Michael T.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Bakker, Douwe] Cent Vet Inst, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. [Harris, Beth] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Populat Med Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lombard, Jason E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lombard, Jason E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sweeney, Raymond] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Smith, David R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gavalchin, Jerrie] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Eda, Shigetoshi] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Gardner, IA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM iagardner@ucdavis.edu OI Nielsen, Soren/0000-0003-2417-0787; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU USDA-NIFA [2008-55620-18710] FX We thank Vivek Kapur and Tiffany Cunningham for technical assistance and the Johne's Disease Integrated Program (USDA-NIFA Award No. 2008-55620-18710) for funding the meetings of coauthors of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.002 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 796LH UT WOS:000293052300002 PM 21601933 ER PT J AU Antognoli, MC Remmenga, MD Bengtson, SD Clark, HJ Orloski, KA Gustafson, LL Scott, AE AF Antognoli, Maria C. Remmenga, Marta D. Bengtson, Steven D. Clark, Halden J. Orloski, Kathy A. Gustafson, Lori L. Scott, Aaron E. TI Analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the gamma interferon assay for detection of bovine tuberculosis in U.S. herds SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bovine tuberculosis; Evaluation of diagnostic tests; Gamma interferon assay; Mycobacterium bovis ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; SKIN-TEST; CATTLE; TESTS; INFECTION AB The goal of this study was to evaluate the test sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) of the gamma interferon (G-IFN) assay used for the detection of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in U.S. cattle herds. In addition, the study assessed the association between G-IFN test results and bTB status of cattle, and explored different cut off values for classification of test results in adult cattle using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Test SE was estimated using a population of 87 confirmed infected cattle from 14 herds distributed in 6 states. Test SP was estimated using a population of 4123 cattle representing 3000 premises in 3 states. These animals were from bTB free areas, accredited bTB free herds, or herds that were historically bTB free based on the absence of lesions found at slaughter and historical records of negative tests performed for bTB surveillance. The distribution of G-IFN results and its association with bTB infection status was also explored in a group of 914 exposed cattle in which infection was not confirmed. The results showed that the SE of the G-IFN for a cut-off value >= 0.1 was 83.9% (76.1, 91.6). The SP of the G-IFN was 90.7% (95% CI: 89.8, 91.6), 97% (95% CI: 96.5, 97.5), and 98.6%(95% CI: 98.2, 98.9), for cut off values of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively. For a cut off value >= 0.1, the likelihood ratio of a positive G-IFN test was 9.03 (95% CI: 7.90, 10.31), and the likelihood ratio of a negative G-IFN test was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.29). The area under the ROC curve was 0.976 (95% CI: 0.97, 0.98), characteristic of a highly accurate test. ROC analysis also showed that lower cut-off values, such as 0.1, have high SE with suitable SP for use in parallel testing, while cut-off values ranging between 0.3 and 0.6 provide the high SP desired in series-testing protocols with lower SE values. Findings from this study indicated that the G-IFN performs with high accuracy in the field, yielding SE and SP estimates comparable to those reported in previous evaluations (Ryan et al., 2000; Ameni et al.. 2000; de la Rua-Domenech et al., 2006; Gormley et al., 2006). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Antognoli, Maria C.; Remmenga, Marta D.; Bengtson, Steven D.; Clark, Halden J.; Gustafson, Lori L.; Scott, Aaron E.] USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Orloski, Kathy A.] USDA APHIS VS Natl TB Eradicat Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Antognoli, MC (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Natl Surveillance Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,MS 2E6, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Celia.Antognoli@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.05.012 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 796LH UT WOS:000293052300003 PM 21676476 ER PT J AU Haley, C Wagner, B Puvanendiran, S Abrahante, J Murtaugh, MP AF Haley, Charles Wagner, Bruce Puvanendiran, Sumathy Abrahante, Juan Murtaugh, Michael P. TI Diagnostic performance measures of ELISA and quantitative PCR tests for porcine circovirus type 2 exposure using Bayesian latent class analysis SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Conditional dependence; Latent data; Sensitivity; Specificity; Swine ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; REAL-TIME PCR; GOLD STANDARD; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; ABSENCE; PREVALENCE; SERUM; QUANTIFICATION; ACCURACY AB Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is believed to be a necessary but not sufficient underlying cause of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in swine (Opriessnig et al., 2007). Since the potential threat of PCVAD is dependent on the prevalence of PCV2 in swine populations, accurate diagnostic tests are important for epidemiologic surveillance. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of a new indirect ELISA and two quantitative PCR tests for PCV2 in a series of latent class models that used Bayesian estimation procedures. A total of 4140 samples from finisher pigs were tested for evidence of PCV2 by the ELISA and a TaqMan (TM) quantitative PCR, 995 by the ELISA and a SYBR Green (SG) dye-binding PCR, 998 by both PCRs and 993 by all three tests. Overall, the median (95% probability interval) ELISA Se and Sp was 0.85 (0.83-0.87) and 0.74 (0.68-0.79), respectively, when all three tests were analyzed together at an ELISA absorbance (optical density or OD) cutoff of >= 0.3. The TM PCR Se and Sp was 0.86 (0.84-0.88) and 0.94 (0.87-0.97), respectively, and the SG PCR Se and Sp was 0.83 (0.81-0.85) and 0.98 (0.94-1.00), respectively when all three tests were analyzed together at an ELISA OD cutoff of >= 0.3. Sensitivity analysis revealed that Sp estimates in general had less stability than Se estimates, but the SG PCR(Sp) was the most stable. Limited conditional dependence between the two PCR tests was detected. We conclude that the ELISA had the highest diagnostic Se at an absorbance cutoff of >= 0.3, while the SG PCR had the highest diagnostic Sp. The prevalence levels for exposure to PCV2 in finishing swine populations across all analyses ranged from 58 to 100%. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haley, Charles; Wagner, Bruce] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Haley, Charles; Wagner, Bruce] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Puvanendiran, Sumathy; Abrahante, Juan; Murtaugh, Michael P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haley, C (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,MS 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM charles.a.haley@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.05.001 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 796LH UT WOS:000293052300009 PM 21632130 ER PT J AU Bales, RC Hopmans, JW O'Geen, AT Meadows, M Hartsough, PC Kirchner, P Hunsaker, CT Beaudette, D AF Bales, Roger C. Hopmans, Jan W. O'Geen, Anthony T. Meadows, Matthew Hartsough, Peter C. Kirchner, Peter Hunsaker, Carolyn T. Beaudette, Dylan TI Soil Moisture Response to Snowmelt and Rainfall in a Sierra Nevada Mixed-Conifer Forest SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER; VARIABILITY; ABLATION; STORAGE AB Using data from a water-balance instrument cluster with spatially distributed sensors we determined the magnitude and within-catchment variability of components of the catchment-scale water balance, focusing on the relationship of seasonal evapotranspiration to changes in snowpack and soil moisture storage. Co-located, continuous snow depth and soil moisture measurements were deployed in a rain-snow transition catchment in the mixed-conifer forest in the Southern Sierra Nevada. At each elevation sensors were placed in the open, under the canopy, and at the drip edge on both north-and south-facing slopes. Snow sensors were placed at 27 locations, with soil moisture and temperature sensors placed at depths of 10, 30, 60, and 90 cm beneath the snow sensor. Soils are weakly developed (Inceptisols and Entisols) and formed from decomposed granite with properties that change with elevation. The soil-bedrock interface is hard in upper reaches of the basin (>2000 m) where glaciers have scoured the parent material approximately 18,000 yr ago. Below an elevation of 2000 m soils have a paralithic contact (weathered saprolite) that can extend beyond a depth of 1.5 m, facilitating pathways for deep percolation. Soils are wet and not frozen in winter, and dry out in the weeks following spring snowmelt and rain. Based on data from two snowmelt seasons, it was found that soils dry out following snowmelt at relatively uniform rates; however, the timing of drying at a given site may be off set by up to 4 wk because of heterogeneity in snowmelt at different elevations and aspects. Spring and summer rainfall mainly affected sites in the open, with drying after a rain event being faster than following snowmelt. Water loss rates from soil of 0.5 to 1.0 cm d(-1) during the winter and snowmelt season reflect a combination of evapotranspiration and deep drainage, as stream baseflow remains relatively low. About one-third of annual evapotranspiration comes from water storage below the 1-m depth, that is, below mapped soil. We speculate that much of the deep drainage is stored locally in the deeper regolith during periods of high precipitation, being available for tree transpiration during summer and fall months when shallow soil water storage is limiting. Total annual evapotranspiration for water year 2009 was estimated to be approximately 76 cm. C1 [Bales, Roger C.; Meadows, Matthew; Kirchner, Peter] Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Hopmans, Jan W.; O'Geen, Anthony T.; Hartsough, Peter C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA USA. [Hunsaker, Carolyn T.] USFS Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA USA. [Beaudette, Dylan] Univ Calif Davis, Soils & Biogeochem Grad Grp, Davis, CA USA. RP Bales, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. EM rbales@ucmerced.edu OI Hunsaker, Carolyn/0000-0002-5662-2402 FU National Science Foundation, through the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory [EAR-0725097]; Major Research Instrumentation grant [EAR-0619947] FX Research was supported by the National Science Foundation, through the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (EAR-0725097) and a Major Research Instrumentation grant (EAR-0619947). The precipitation, streamflow, SWE, and some soil depth data are from the Kings River Experimental Watersheds, operated by the Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 9 U2 60 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 786 EP 799 DI 10.2136/vzj2011.0001 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 808UX UT WOS:000294007600002 ER PT J AU Xiao, X Horton, R Sauer, TJ Heitman, JL Ren, T AF Xiao, X. Horton, R. Sauer, T. J. Heitman, J. L. Ren, T. TI Cumulative Soil Water Evaporation as a Function of Depth and Time SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEAT-PULSE METHOD; PROBE; BALANCE; ZONE; FLUX AB Soil water evaporation is an important component of the surface water balance and the surface energy balance. Accurate and dynamic measurements of soil water evaporation enhance the understanding of water and energy partitioning at the land-atmosphere interface. The objective of this study was to measure the cumulative soil water evaporation with time and depth in a bare field. Cumulative water evaporation at the soil surface was measured by the Bowen ratio method. Subsurface cumulative soil water evaporation was determined with the heat pulse method at fine-scale depth increments. Following rainfall, the subsurface cumulative evaporation curves followed a pattern similar to the surface cumulative evaporation curve, with approximately a 2-d lag before evaporation was indicated at the 3- and 9-mm soil depths, and several more days' delay in deeper soil layers. For a 21-d period in 2007, the cumulative evaporation totals at soil depths of 0, 3, 9, 15, and 21 mm were 60, 44, 29, 13, and 8 mm, respectively. For a 16-d period in 2008, the cumulative evaporation totals at soil depths of 0, 3, 9, 15, and 21 mm were 32, 25, 16, 10, and 5 mm, respectively. Cumulative evaporation results from the Bowen ratio and heat pulse methods indicated a consistent dynamic pattern for surface and subsurface water evaporation with both time and depth. These findings suggest that heat pulse sensors can accurately measure subsurface soil water evaporation during several wetting-drying cycles. C1 [Xiao, X.; Horton, R.] Iowa State Univ, Agron Dep, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sauer, T. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heitman, J. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Soil Sci Dep, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ren, T.] China Agr Univ, Soil & Water Dep, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Agron Dep, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rhorton@iastate.edu RI Xiao, Xinhua/F-4285-2014 OI Xiao, Xinhua/0000-0002-0629-4391 FU National Science Foundation [0809656]; ConocoPhillips Company; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2009Z2-37]; Hatch Act, State of Iowa fund; Hatch Act, State of North Carolina fund FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant no. 0809656, by the ConocoPhillips Company, by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists (Grant no. 2009Z2-37), and by Hatch Act, State of Iowa, and State of North Carolina funds. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Sally Logsdon for providing the soil texture data. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1022 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0070 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 808UX UT WOS:000294007600018 ER PT J AU Smith, IB Pettis, JS AF Smith, I. Barton, Jr. Pettis, Jeffery S. TI The Bee Disease Diagnostic Service-100 years and Growing at the USDA Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Smith, I. Barton, Jr.; Pettis, Jeffery S.] ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, IB (reprint author), ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bart.Smith@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 151 IS 8 BP 767 EP 772 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 804QY UT WOS:000293670300023 ER PT J AU Schetelig, MF Nirmala, X Handler, AM AF Schetelig, Marc F. Nirmala, Xavier Handler, Alfred M. TI Pro-apoptotic cell death genes, hid and reaper, from the tephritid pest species, Anastrepha suspensa SO APOPTOSIS LA English DT Article DE Programmed cell death; Reaper; Hid; Insect pest management; Anastrepha suspensa; Conditional lethality ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; IAP-ANTAGONISTS; EXPRESSION; INHIBITOR; PROTEINS; DIPTERA; BINDING; SYSTEM; MECHANISMS AB Pro-apoptotic proteins from the reaper, hid, grim (RHG) family are primary regulators of programmed cell death in Drosophila due to their antagonistic effect on inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, thereby releasing IAP-inhibition of caspases that effect apoptosis. Using a degenerate PCR approach to conserved domains from the 12 Drosophila species, we have identified the first reaper and hid orthologs from a tephritid, the Caribfly Anastrepha suspensa. As-hid is the first identified non-drosophilid homolog of hid, and As-rpr is the second non-drosophilid rpr homolog. Both genes share more than 50% amino acid sequence identity with their Drosophila homologs, suggesting that insect pro-apoptotic peptides may be more conserved than previously anticipated. Importantly, both genes encode the conserved IBM and GH3 motifs that are key for IAP-inhibition and mitochondrial localization. Functional verification of both genes as cell death effectors was demonstrated by cell death assays in A. suspensa embryonic cell culture, as well as in heterologous Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Notably, heterologous cell death activity was found to be higher for Anastrepha genes than their Drosophila counterparts. In common with the Drosophila cognates, As-hid and As-rpr negatively regulated the Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis (DIAP1) gene to promote apoptosis, and both genes when used together effected increased cell death activity, indicating a co-operative function for As-hid and As-rpr. We show that these tephritid cell death genes are functional and potent as cell death effectors, and could be used to design improved transgenic lethality systems for insect population control. C1 [Schetelig, Marc F.; Nirmala, Xavier; Handler, Alfred M.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Nirmala, Xavier] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schetelig, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM marc.schetelig@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative FX Grateful appreciation is extended to Dr. Lei Zhou for providing the Drosophila-derived cell culture vectors, the AsE01 cells and for helpful comments on the manuscript, Mr. Bo Liu for demonstrating the cell death assays, and Dr. Pauline Lawrence who originally provided the UFENY-AsE01 cell line. We also thank Dr. Paul Shirk for providing S2 cell cultures. Funding was provided by the USDA-NIFA-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1360-8185 J9 APOPTOSIS JI Apoptosis PD AUG PY 2011 VL 16 IS 8 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1007/s10495-011-0610-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 805CR UT WOS:000293704500001 PM 21630017 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Momany, FA AF Schnupf, U. Momany, F. A. TI Rapidly calculated DFT relaxed iso-potential phi/psi maps: beta-cellobiose SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Cellobiose; DFT; 6-31+G*/4-31G; Iso-potential maps; COSMO ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DISACCHARIDE CONFORMATIONAL MAPS; METHYL ALPHA-LACTOSIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-MOLECULES; ENERGY SURFACES; SOLID-STATE; CARBOHYDRATE MOLECULES AB New cellobiose phi(H)/psi(H) maps are generated using a mixed basis set DFTr method, found to achieve a high level of confidence while reducing computer resources dramatically. Relaxed iso-potential maps are created for different conformational states of cellobiose, showing how glycosidic bond dihedral angles vary as different sets of hydroxymethyl rotamers and hydroxyl directions are examined. These maps are generated, fixing the dihedral phi(H) and psi(H) values at ten degree intervals and energy optimizing the remaining geometry using the B3LYP/6-31+G* functional for all atoms except carbon atoms, where the functional B3LYP was used with the mixed basis set, 4-31G. Mapping results are compared between in vacuo structures using the mixed basis set, in vacuo using the full basis set, and those in which the implicit solvent method, COSMO, is included with the mixed basis set. Results show significant changes in position of energy minima with variation in hydroxyl rotamers and with application of solvent. Unique to this study is the mapping of the hydration energy at each phi(H)/psi(H) point on the map using the energy derived at each point by applying COSMO. Using hydration gradients as a guide one observes directional solvent driven changes in the minimum energy positions. Interesting internal coordinate variances are described. C1 [Momany, F. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Schnupf, U.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM us33@cornell.edu; frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 859 EP 887 DI 10.1007/s10570-011-9537-8 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 805DW UT WOS:000293707600003 ER PT J AU French, AD AF French, Alfred D. TI In defense of adiabatic phi/psi mapping for cellobiose and other disaccharides SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Carbohydrate; Conformational analysis; Quantum mechanics; Cellulose ID CONFORMATIONAL MAPS; ENERGY SURFACES; MECHANICS; MM3 AB Thorough conformational study of cellobiose requires consideration of numerous arrangements of the exocyclic groups. Therefore, it is customary to prepare a number of structures with different arrangements of hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl groups. These "starting geometries" are then given different values of the glycosidic linkage torsion angles phi and psi. At each increment of phi and psi, the energy is calculated. Usually, the final product is an "adiabatic" contour plot of the lowest energy at each phi/psi point after considering all of the starting geometries. The present paper advocates for adiabatic maps despite the statement by Schnupf and Momany (preceding paper) that adiabatic maps are not of interest because they contain sparse details about the structures at each minimum. Similar information is computed by their method and adiabatic mapping, and comparable details can be provided from adiabatic studies. Although Schnupf and Momany presented maps from calculations in vacuum and in water that considered all of their calculated energies, they favored the presentation of two to four maps for each of 36 individual minima, each with its own zero of relative energy. However, previous work showed that more structures are needed to provide the lowest energies at each point in phi/psi space. Following their preferred strategy would result in even more maps when the added structures are considered. The need to map individual minima can be avoided by starting calculations with the same exocyclic orientations at each phi/psi point instead of using the preceding optimized structure to start the next energy minimization. Using the same orientations at each point allows periodic maps that depict barriers between minima. C1 Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM al.french@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 889 EP 896 DI 10.1007/s10570-011-9538-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 805DW UT WOS:000293707600004 ER PT J AU French, AD Csonka, GI AF French, Alfred D. Csonka, Gabor I. TI Hydroxyl orientations in cellobiose and other polyhydroxyl compounds: modeling versus experiment SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Hydroxyl orientation; Crystal structure; Quantum mechanics; Clockwise ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; SCYLLO-INOSITOL; GAS-PHASE; DENSITY; 1,2-ETHANEDIOL; GLUCOPYRANOSE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Theoretical and experimental gas-phase studies of carbohydrates show that their hydroxyl groups are located in homodromic partial rings that resemble cooperative hydrogen bonds, albeit with long H center dot center dot center dot O distances and small O-H center dot center dot center dot O angles. On the other hand, anecdotal experience with disaccharide crystal structures suggested that these clockwise 'c' or counter-clockwise (reverse 'r') sequences are not prevalent in the crystalline state. The situation was clarified with quantum mechanics calculations in vacuum and in continuum solvation, as well as Atoms-In-Molecules analyses. From the experimental side, the Cambridge Structural Database was searched. Geometric criteria for these sequences were developed. A criterion based on 120 degrees ranges of hydroxyl orientations accepted 4% of sequences as having 'c,c' or 'r,r' orientations instead of the 7% expected based on chance. Criteria based on an O-H center dot center dot center dot O angle > 90 degrees and a 90 degrees lower limit of the absolute value of the H-O-C center dot center dot center dot H improper torsion accepted 7.0% of the 358 sequences as 'c,c' or 'r,r'. Highly variable orientation of the hydroxyl groups in crystals was seen to depend mostly on strong inter-residue or intermolecular hydrogen bonds. That lack of specific orientation in general for the crystal structures was supported by the solvated calculations that showed very little variation in the energy when one of the hydroxyl groups in 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane was rotated. The vacuum calculations found the energy to vary with rotation by more than 4 kcal/mol, confirming the gas-phase experiments and calculations on more complicated molecules. Molecules examined in some detail include scyllo inositol and native and methylated cellobiose. C1 [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Csonka, Gabor I.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Al.French@ars.usda.gov RI Csonka, Gabor/A-8225-2008 OI Csonka, Gabor/0000-0001-5701-4401 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; New Hungary Development Plan [TAMOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0002] FX This work was funded by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Additional support was gratefully received from Cotton Incorporated. Dr. Michael Dowd contributed important organizational ideas to this work. This work is connected to the scientific program of the "Development of quality-oriented and harmonized R + D + I strategy and functional model at BME" project, supported by the New Hungary Development Plan (Project ID: TAMOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0002). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 897 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s10570-011-9539-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 805DW UT WOS:000293707600005 ER PT J AU Luo, XL Zhu, JY Gleisner, R Zhan, HY AF Luo, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gleisner, R. Zhan, H. Y. TI Effects of wet-pressing-induced fiber hornification on enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE High-solids enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification; Fiber hornification; Wet pressing; Cellulose accessibility; Water retention value (WRV) ID POROUS STRUCTURE; PULP FIBERS; ACCESSIBILITY; WATER; WOOD; WALL AB This article reports the effect of wetpressing-induced fiber hornification on enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses. A wet cellulosic substrate of bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp and two wet sulfite-pretreated lignocellulosic substrates of aspen and lodgepole pine were pressed to various moisture (solids) contents by variation of pressing pressure and pressing duration. Wet pressing reduced substrate moisture content and produced irreversible reduction in fiber pore volume-fiber hornification-as reflected in reduced water retention values (WRVs), an easily measurable parameter, of the pressed substrates. Wet pressing resulted in a reduction in substrate enzymatic digestibility (SED) by approximately 20% for the two sulfite-pretreated substrates when moisture content was reduced from approximately 75% to 35%. The reduction in SED for the cellulosic substrate was less than 10% when its moisture content was reduced from approximately 65% to 35%. The results indicated that reduction in SED is negligible when samples were pressed to solids content of 40% but observable when pressed to solids content of 50%. It was also found that WRV can correlate to SED of hornified substrates resulting from the same never-dried or pressed sample independent of the hornification process (e. g., pressing or drying). This correlation can be fitted using a Boltzmann function. Cellulase adsorption measurements indicated that wet-pressing-induced fiber hornification reduced cellulose accessibility to cellulase. The results obtained in this study provide guidelines to high-solids enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass. C1 [Luo, X. L.; Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Luo, X. L.; Zhan, H. Y.] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Luo, X. L.; Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI fu, shiyu/K-4213-2012 FU USDA Forest Service; USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) FX This work was sponsored by the USDA Forest Service through the Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB, 2009) that provided financial support to Luo for his visiting appointment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). NR 20 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1062 DI 10.1007/s10570-011-9541-z PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 805DW UT WOS:000293707600020 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Seagren, EA Davis, AP Karns, JS AF Zhang, Lan Seagren, Eric A. Davis, Allen P. Karns, Jeffrey S. TI Long-Term Sustainability of Escherichia Coli Removal in Conventional Bioretention Media SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Storm-water management; Best management practice; Bacteria; Laboratory tests ID POROUS-MEDIA; SAND COLUMNS; SOIL; BACTERIA; SURVIVAL; PROTOZOA; TRANSPORT; MANAGEMENT; FILTRATION; RESISTANCE AB Bioretention has significant potential for reduction of bacterial levels in urban storm-water discharge. The long-term performance of bacteria removal was evaluated using column studies over an 18-month period, during which synthetic urban storm-water runoff was loaded into conventional bioretention media (CBM) columns once every two weeks. CBM initially achieved a mean of 72% removal efficiency for Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain B6914. The removal efficiency improved over time, achieving 97% or higher efficiency after six months. The trapped B6914 cells died off rapidly between runoff application events. Mechanistic studies indicated that decreased porosity and increased hydrodynamic dispersion observed in mature CBM are favorable for improvement of physical straining of cells and for bacterial adhesion. The temporal change in surface charge on CBM may not be a key factor in the improved bacterial removal. Indigenous protozoa in the CBM grew logistically, and may play an important role in enhancement of bacterial capture and rapid decline in numbers of trapped bacteria via predation. Overall, the long-term bacterial removal process in CBM can be efficient and sustainable. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000365. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Zhang, Lan; Davis, Allen P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Seagren, Eric A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Karns, Jeffrey S.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Davis, AP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1173 Glenn Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM apdavis@umd.edu RI DAVIS, ALLEN/F-1066-2017 OI DAVIS, ALLEN/0000-0001-7818-1890 FU Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET) [NA05NOS4191149] FX This work was supported by NOAA grant NA05NOS4191149 funded by the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET). NR 42 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2011 VL 137 IS 8 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000365 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 802TH UT WOS:000293533400002 ER PT J AU Nayak, B Berrios, JD Powers, JR Tang, J AF Nayak, Balunkeswar Berrios, Jose De J. Powers, Joseph R. Tang, Juming TI Effect of Extrusion on the Antioxidant Capacity and Color Attributes of Expanded Extrudates Prepared from Purple Potato and Yellow Pea Flour Mixes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; antioxidant capacity; colored potato; extrusion; phenolics; yellow pea ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; CARBOHYDRATE-COMPOSITION; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; PHENOLIC CONTENT; ANTHOCYANINS; CORN; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES; CULTIVARS AB Foods with antioxidant capacity provide protection against cardio-vascular, certain forms of cancers, and Alzheimer's diseases caused by oxidative damages and contribute health benefits. The effect of extrusion cooking on the antioxidant capacity and color attributes of extruded products prepared from 3 selected formulations of purple potato and yellow pea flours using a co-rotating twin screw extruder were studied. Expansion ratios of the extruded products varied from 3.93 to 4.75. The total antioxidant capacities (TAC) of the extruded products, using DPPH assay, were 3769 to 4116 mu g trolox equivalent/g dry weight sample and not significantly different (P > 0.05) from their respective raw formulations. The total phenolic contents (TP) of the extruded products varied from 2088 to 3766 mu g of gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight sample and retained 73% to 83% of the TP from the raw formulations after extrusion. The total anthocyanins contents (TA) in the extrudates were 0.116 to 0.228 mg of malvidin-3-glucosides/ g dry weight sample. Compared with their raw formulations, significant losses (60% to 70%) of the TA in the extruded products occurred due to extrusion cooking. Browning indices and color attributes such as brightness, chroma, and hue angle agreed with degradation of anthocyanins in the extruded products. However, extrusion cooking retained antioxidant capacities of the raw formulations in the extruded products either in their natural forms or degraded products with radical scavenging activity. This study demonstrated the potential for the production of puffed extruded food products with the improved antioxidant content from colored potatoes and pulse formulations. C1 [Nayak, Balunkeswar; Tang, Juming] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Powers, Joseph R.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Berrios, Jose De J.] USDA ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM jtang@wsu.edu RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009; OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004; Nayak, Balunkeswar/0000-0001-5831-5193 FU US Dry Pea; Lentil Council FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of James Pan and Matthew Tom, Processed Foods Research Unit, WRRC, USDA-ARS, Albany, Calif., U.S.A., for their assistance and feedback during the extrusion experiment. We also acknowledge US Dry Pea and Lentil Council for their financial support for this project. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 76 IS 6 BP C874 EP C883 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02279.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 804DA UT WOS:000293633100015 PM 22417485 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Carter-Wientjes, CH Boue, S Bhatnagar, D AF De Lucca, A. J. Carter-Wientjes, C. H. Boue, S. Bhatnagar, D. TI Volatile Trans-2-Hexenal, a Soybean Aldehyde, Inhibits Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Corn SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; antifungal; corn; volatile compounds AB Trans-2-hexenal, a volatile aldehyde, is produced by soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) and other plants via the lipoxygenase pathway. In vitro tests showed it significantly (P < 0.001) reduced Aspergillus flavus germinating conidial viability at 10 mu M, with approximately 95% viability reduction observed at 20 mu M. The viability of nongerminated conidia was not reduced. To test the effectiveness of this volatile to prevent fungal growth in stored corn, trans-2-hexenal was pumped intermittently into glass jars containing corn. Experiments were performed to determine the ability of 2 different pump cycle time-courses to prevent A. flavus growth on sterile corn (23% moisture). Intermittently (30-min pumping period) over 7 d, this volatile was pumped through 350 g of corn kernels inoculated with 1 mL of 3 x 10(4) conidia of A. flavus. Controls consisted of (1) sterile corn, (2) corn inoculated with A. flavus with no pumped air, and (3) corn inoculated with A. flavus with intermittently pumped air. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), viability counts, and aldehyde concentration in the headspace were performed in each experiment. To determine whether an increased time period between volatile pumping would prevent A. flavus growth, a 2nd series of experiments were performed that were similar to the 1st series except that trans-2-hexenal (only) was pumped for a 30-min period every 12 h. Experiments were performed 3 times for each time course. Both experiments showed that intermittent pumping of volatile trans-2-hexenal significantly (P < 0.001) prevented A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production over a 7-d period. C1 [De Lucca, A. J.; Carter-Wientjes, C. H.; Boue, S.; Bhatnagar, D.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM AnthonyDeLucca@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 76 IS 6 BP M381 EP M386 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02250.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 804DA UT WOS:000293633100049 PM 22417509 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, Xuetong Sokorai, Kimberly J. B. TI Changes in Quality, Liking, and Purchase Intent of Irradiated Fresh-Cut Spinach during Storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; ascorbic acid; irradiation; sensory evaluation; spinach ID MODIFIED-ATMOSPHERE PACKAGES; ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; IONIZING-RADIATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; BABY SPINACH; COMMON VEGETABLES; ROMAINE LETTUCE; ICEBERG LETTUCE AB The use of ionizing radiation to enhance microbial safety of fresh spinach at a maximum dose of 4 kGy has been approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, whether spinach can tolerate those high doses of radiation is unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of irradiation and storage on quality, liking, and purchase intent of fresh-cut spinach. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity values and total phenolic content were not consistently affected by irradiation. However, the ascorbic acid content of irradiated sample decreased rapidly during storage, resulting in these samples being lower in ascorbic acid content than controls after 7 and 14 d of storage at 4 degrees C. Sensory evaluation by a 50-member panel revealed that purchase intent and ratings for liking of appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and overall were not affected by irradiation at doses up to 2 kGy. Therefore, irradiation at doses up to 2 kGy may be used to enhance microbial safety without affecting consumer acceptance or overall antioxidant values of irradiated spinach. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Sokorai, Kimberly J. B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 76 IS 6 BP S363 EP S368 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02207.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 804DA UT WOS:000293633100063 PM 21623783 ER PT J AU Jackson, LS Jablonski, J Bullerman, LB Bianchini, A Hanna, MA Voss, KA Hollub, AD Ryu, D AF Jackson, Lauren S. Jablonski, Joseph Bullerman, Lloyd B. Bianchini, Andreia Hanna, Milford A. Voss, Kenneth A. Hollub, April D. Ryu, Dojin TI Reduction of Fumonisin B-1 in Corn Grits by Twin-Screw Extrusion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; N-(deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin; reduction; twin-screw extrusion ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; REACTION-PRODUCT; TOXICITY; MYCOTOXINS; SINGLE; FOODS; CYTOTOXICITY; TEMPERATURE AB This study was designed to investigate the fate of fumonisins in flaking corn grits during twin-screw extrusion by measuring fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and its analogs with a mass balance approach. Food grade corn grits and 2 batches of grits contaminated with FB1 at 10 and 50 mu g/g by Fusarium verticillioides M-2552 were processed with or without glucose supplementation (10%, w/w) with a twin-screw extruder. Extrusion reduced FB1 in contaminated grits by 64% to 72% without glucose and 89% to 94% with added glucose. In addition, extrusion alone resulted in 26% to 73% reduction in the levels of fumonisin B-2 and fumonisin B-3, while levels of both mycotoxins were reduced by > 89% in extruded corn grits containing 10% glucose. Mass balance analysis showed that 38% to 46% of the FB1 species detected in corn extruded with glucose was N-(deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-FB1, while 23% to 37% of FB1 species detected in extruded corn grits with and without added glucose was bound to the matrix. It was also found that the hydrolyzed form of FB1 was a minor species in extruded corn grits with or without added glucose, representing < 15% of the total FB1 species present. Less than 46% of FB1 originally present in corn grits could be detected in the fumonisin analogues measured in this study. Research is needed to identify the reaction products resulting from extrusion processing of fumonisin-contaminated corn products. C1 [Hollub, April D.; Ryu, Dojin] Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Denton, TX 76204 USA. [Jackson, Lauren S.; Jablonski, Joseph] US FDA, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Bullerman, Lloyd B.; Bianchini, Andreia; Hanna, Milford A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Voss, Kenneth A.] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ryu, D (reprint author), Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, POB 425888, Denton, TX 76204 USA. EM dryu@twu.edu FU Natl. Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35201-16329] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Natl. Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant nr. 2005-35201-16329. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 76 IS 6 BP T150 EP T155 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02231.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 804DA UT WOS:000293633100075 PM 22417527 ER PT J AU Alkhatib, R Creamer, R Lartey, RT Ghoshroy, S AF Alkhatib, Rami Creamer, Rebecca Lartey, Robert T. Ghoshroy, Soumitra TI Effect of lead (Pb) on the systemic movement of RNA viruses in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Turkish) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Callose; Inoculation; Plasmodesmata; RNA viruses; Systemic movement ID GLYCINE-RICH PROTEIN; VEIN-CLEARING-VIRUS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; NONTOXIC CONCENTRATIONS; SALICYLIC-ACID; CADMIUM; CALLOSE; PLANTS; INHIBITION; WALLS AB Effect of various lead (Pb) concentrations on the systemic movement of RNA viruses was examined in tobacco plants. Prior to inoculation, plants were grown hydroponically for 6 days in Hoagland's solution supplemented with five concentrations of lead nitrate [Pb(NO(3))(2)]: 0.0 (control), 10, 15, 50, and 100 mu M. Four different RNA viruses with different cell-to-cell movement mechanisms were used. Two weeks after inoculation lower and upper leaves of each treatment were harvested and examined for the presence of viral coat protein. In plants inoculated with Tobacco mosaic virus, Potato virus X, and Tobacco etch virus, TEM images and western blot assays confirmed the presence of viral coat proteins in the upper leaves of all lead treatments. However, in plants inoculated with Turnip vein-clearing virus (TVCV), no signs of viral particles were detected in the upper leaves of plants treated with 10 mu M or 15 mu M lead nitrate. In contrast, plants treated with high concentrations of lead nitrate (50 mu M or 100 mu M) showed viral particles in their upper leaves. In plants treated with 10 mu M or 15 mu M lead nitrate, callose accumulation was the same as in control plants. This suggests that non-toxic concentrations of lead nitrate may trigger the production of putative cellular factors in addition to callose that interfere with the TVCV systemic movement. In contrast, plants treated with 100 mu M lead nitrate showed less callose as compared to control plants, facilitating the systemic movement of TVCV. C1 [Alkhatib, Rami] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Alkhatib, Rami; Creamer, Rebecca] New Mexico State Univ, Electron Microscopy Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Alkhatib, Rami; Creamer, Rebecca] New Mexico State Univ, Program Mol Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ghoshroy, Soumitra] Ctr Electron Microscopy, Columbia, SC USA. [Ghoshroy, Soumitra] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Lartey, Robert T.] ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Creamer, Rebecca] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Weed Sci Entomol & Plant Pathol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Alkhatib, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ramiqfk@gmail.com FU Sigma Xi [G200803150008] FX This study was supported by a research grant (no. G200803150008) awarded by the Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research Program. TEV-infected leaves were a generous gift from Dr. Said Ghabrial (University of Kentucky). PVX was a generous gift from Dr. Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz (Oklahoma State University). The authors gratefully acknowledge the work of Nour Abdo for her assistance in experiment preparation. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1427 EP 1434 DI 10.1007/s00299-011-1051-9 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GU UT WOS:000293795100006 PM 21404008 ER PT J AU Hurley, MA Unsworth, JW Zager, P Hebblewhite, M Garton, EO Montgomery, DM Skalski, JR Maycock, CL AF Hurley, Mark A. Unsworth, James W. Zager, Peter Hebblewhite, Mark Garton, Edward O. Montgomery, Debra M. Skalski, John R. Maycock, Craig L. TI Demographic Response of Mule Deer to Experimental Reduction of Coyotes and Mountain Lions in Southeastern Idaho SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE alternate prey; Canis latrans; climate; coyote; mortality; mountain lion; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; predator control; Puma concolor; survival analysis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SNOWSHOE HARE CYCLE; NORTH-AMERICAN ELK; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COUGAR POPULATION; ROE DEER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LARGE HERBIVORES AB Manipulating predator populations is often posed as a solution to depressed ungulate populations. However, predator-prey dynamics are complex and the effect on prey populations is often an interaction of predator life history, climate, prey density, and habitat quality. The effect of predator removal on ungulate and, more specifically, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations has not been adequately investigated at a management scale. We tested the efficacy of removing coyotes (Canis latrans) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) for increasing survival and population growth rate of mule deer in southeastern Idaho, USA, during 1997-2003. We assigned 8 game management units (GMUs) to treatments under a 2 X 2 factorial design (treatments of coyote removal and lion removal) with 2 replicates of each treatment or reference area combination. We used methods typically available to wildlife managers to achieve predator removals and a combination of extensive and intensive monitoring in these 8 GMUs to test the hypothesis that predator removal increased vital rates and population growth rate of mule deer. We determined effects of predator removal on survival and causes of mortality in 2 intensive study sites, one with coyote and mountain lion removal and one without. We also considered the effects of other variables on survival including lagomorph abundance and climatic conditions. In these 2 intensive study areas, we monitored with radiotelemetry 250 neonates, 284 6-month-old fawns, and 521 adult females. At the extensive scale, we monitored mule deer population trend and December fawn ratios with helicopter surveys. Coyote removal decreased neonate mortality only when deer were apparently needed as alternate prey, thus removal was more effective when lagomorph populations were reduced. The best mortality model of mule deer captured at 6 months of age included summer precipitation, winter precipitation, fawn mass, and mountain lion removal. Over-winter mortality of adult female mule deer decreased with removal of mountain lions. Precipitation variables were included in most competing mortality models for all age classes of mule deer. Mountain lion removal increased fawn ratios and our models predicted fawn ratios would increase 6% at average removal rates (3.53/1,000 km(2)) and 27% at maximum removal rates (14.18/1,000 km(2)). Across our extensive set of 8 GMUs, coyote removal had no effect on December fawn ratios. We also detected no strong effect of coyote or mountain lion removal alone on mule deer population trend; the best population-growth-rate model included previous year's mountain lion removal and winter severity, yet explained only 27% of the variance in population growth rate. Winter severity in the current and previous winter was the most important influence on mule deer population growth. The lack of response in fawn ratio or mule deer abundance to coyote reduction at this extensive (landscape) scale suggests that decreased neonate mortality due to coyote removal is partially compensatory. Annual removal of coyotes was not an effective method to increase mule deer populations in Idaho because coyote removal increased radiocollared neonate fawn survival only under particular combinations of prey densities and weather conditions, and the increase did not result in population growth. Coyote-removal programs targeted in areas where mortality of mule deer fawns is known to be additive and coyote-removal conditions are successful may influence mule deer population vital rates but likely will not change direction of ppulation trend. Although mountain lion removal increased mule-deer survival and fawn ratios, we were unable to demonstrate significant changes in population trend with mountain lion removal. In conclusion, benefits of predator removal appear to be marginal and short term in southeastern Idaho and likely will not appreciably change long-term dynamics of mule deer populations in the intermountain west. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hurley, Mark A.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Salmon, ID 83467 USA. [Unsworth, James W.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Zager, Peter] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Garton, Edward O.; Montgomery, Debra M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID USA. [Skalski, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Maycock, Craig L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. RP Hurley, MA (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, POB 1336,99 Highway 93 N, Salmon, ID 83467 USA. EM mhurley@idfg.idaho.gov RI hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013; OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU Safari Club International; Idaho Chapter Safari Club; Solutia Incorporated; Budweiser Foundation; Idaho Fish and Wildlife Foundation; The Mule Deer Foundation; Deer Hunters of Idaho FX We thank the Safari Club International, Idaho Chapter Safari Club, Solutia Incorporated, Budweiser Foundation, Idaho Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The Mule Deer Foundation, Deer Hunters of Idaho, and the many private donors who contributed funds and manpower to this project. Their help was instrumental to the success of this project. We are appreciative of our administrators, R. Sando, S. Huffaker, T. Reinecker, and D. Pitman, who stayed the course through some extremely trying political times. L. Kuck was invaluable in the conception and implementation of this project. Colleagues: C. Anderson, B. Compton, M. Scott, D. Meints, R. Smith, H. Miyasaki, A. Seglund, and C. Bishop tirelessly provided field assistance, logistical support, and analytical critiques for the benefit of this project. G. J. Gunnell, J. Muir, P. Nyland, and M. Thomas were excellent field assistants. S. Sells assisted with literature review. J. Mulholland, M. Clemens, and M. Drew provided wildlife laboratory support. We thank H. Robinson and R. Townsend for assistance with advanced statistical analysis. We thank P. Bier, T. Bowyer, T. Keegan, G. Pauley, and 2 anonymous reviewers for extensive reviews that improved this manuscript. We thank R. Ton for translating both the Spanish and French abstracts, and A. Hurley for final edits. Finally, our deepest appreciation for wildlife pilots D. Savage and C. Anderson for their dedication to quality data. NR 155 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 14 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2011 IS 178 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1002/wmon.4 PG 33 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806UM UT WOS:000293838900001 ER PT J AU Boncristiani, H Li, JL Evans, JD Pettis, J Chen, YP AF Boncristiani, Humberto Li, Jilian Evans, Jay D. Pettis, Jeff Chen, Yanping TI Scientific note on PCR inhibitors in the compound eyes of honey bees, Apis mellifera SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE honey bees; compound eyes; PCR inhibitor; viruses ID DEFORMED WING VIRUS; DNA; INFECTION C1 [Boncristiani, Humberto; Evans, Jay D.; Pettis, Jeff; Chen, Yanping] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Jilian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Apicultural Res, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Judy.Chen@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU USDA FX The work was supported by a USDA Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associate Program Grant. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD AUG PY 2011 VL 42 IS 4 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s13592-011-0009-9 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 800VK UT WOS:000293395500002 ER PT J AU Valverde, A Velazquez, E Cervantes, E Igual, JM van Berkum, P AF Valverde, Angel Velazquez, Encarna Cervantes, Emilio Igual, Jose M. van Berkum, Peter TI Evidence of an American Origin for Symbiosis-Related Genes in Rhizobium lusitanum SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEAN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NODS GENE; NODULATION; TROPICI; STRAINS; CLASSIFICATION; TOLERANCE; SEQUENCES AB Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to investigate the diversity of 179 bean isolates recovered from six field sites in the Arcos de Valdevez region of northwestern Portugal. The isolates were divided into 6 groups based on the fingerprint patterns that were obtained. Representatives for each group were selected for sequence analysis of 4 chromosomal DNA regions. Five of the groups were placed within Rhizobium lusitanum, and the other group was placed within R. tropici type IIA. Therefore, the collection of Portuguese bean isolates was shown to include the two species R. lusitanum and R. tropici. In plant tests, the strains P1-7, P1-1, P1-2, and P1-16 of R. lusitanum nodulated and formed nitrogen-fixing symbioses both with Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala. A methyltransferase-encoding nodS gene identical with the R. tropici locus that confers wide host range was detected in the strain P1-7 as well as 24 others identified as R. lusitanum. A methyltransferase-encoding nodS gene also was detected in the remaining isolates of R. lusitanum, but in this case the locus was that identified with the narrow-host-range R. etli. Representatives of isolates with the nodS of R. etli formed effective nitrogen-fixing symbioses with P. vulgaris and did not nodulate L. leucocephala. From sequence data of nodS, the R. lusitanum genes for symbiosis were placed within those of either R. tropici or R. etli. These results would support the suggestion that R. lusitanum was the recipient of the genes for symbiosis with beans from both R. tropici and R. etli. C1 [van Berkum, Peter] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Valverde, Angel; Cervantes, Emilio; Igual, Jose M.] CSIC, IRNASA, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. [Velazquez, Encarna] Univ Salamanca, Dept Microbiol & Genet, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. RP van Berkum, P (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, B-006,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM peter.vanberkum@ars.usda.gov RI Valverde, Angel/C-1308-2009; Igual, Jose M./B-6993-2015; Cervantes, Emilio/B-7472-2008; OI Valverde, Angel/0000-0003-0439-9605; Igual, Jose M./0000-0002-5080-0378; Cervantes, Emilio/0000-0002-3874-1491; Velazquez, Encarna/0000-0002-5946-7241 FU Regional Government of Castilla y Leon [GR49]; CSIC FX Part of this work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y Leon under grant GR49. A.V. was supported by a postdoctoral JAE-Doc (CSIC) contract. This work was initiated as a collaboration with Fernanda Mesquita and Manuel Judice Halpern (Instituto Superior da Ciencias da Saude, Lisbon) in the framework of an INTERREG II project. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 16 BP 5665 EP 5670 DI 10.1128/AEM.02017-10 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 802IX UT WOS:000293504400013 PM 21705533 ER PT J AU Norman, KN Scott, HM Harvey, RB Norby, B Hume, ME Andrews, K AF Norman, Keri N. Scott, H. Morgan Harvey, Roger B. Norby, Bo Hume, Michael E. Andrews, Kathleen TI Prevalence and Genotypic Characteristics of Clostridium difficile in a Closed and Integrated Human and Swine Population SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; PCR RIBOTYPES; FOOD ANIMALS; RETAIL MEAT; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; COMMUNITY; TOXIN AB Recently, an apparent rise in the number of cases attributed to community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection has led researchers to explore additional sources of infection. The finding of C. difficile in food animals and retail meat has raised concern about potential food-borne and occupational exposures. The objective of this study was to compare C. difficile isolated from a closed population of healthy individuals consisting of both humans and swine in order to investigate possible food safety and occupational risks for exposure. Using a multistep enrichment isolation technique, we identified 11.8% of the human wastewater samples and 8.6% of the swine samples that were positive for C. difficile. The prevalences of C. difficile in swine production groups differed significantly (P < 0.05); however, the prevalences in the two human occupational group cohorts did not differ significantly (P = 0.81). The majority of the human and swine isolates were similar based on multiple typing methods. The similarity in C. difficile prevalence in the human group cohorts suggests a low occupational hazard, while a greatly decreased prevalence of C. difficile in later-stage swine production groups suggests a diminished risk for food-borne exposure. The similarity of strains in the two host species suggests the possibility of a common environmental source for healthy individuals in a community setting. C1 [Harvey, Roger B.] ARS, FFSRU, SPARC, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Norman, Keri N.; Norby, Bo] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scott, H. Morgan] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, FFSRU, SPARC, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Roger.Harvey@ars.udsa.gov FU National Pork Board [06-156, 10-188]; USDA-CSREES-NRICGP Section 32.1 (Epidemiologic Approaches to Food Safety) [2003-35212-13298] FX This project was funded in part by National Pork Board grants 06-156 and 10-188 and USDA-CSREES-NRICGP Section 32.1 (Epidemiologic Approaches to Food Safety) grant 2003-35212-13298. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 16 BP 5755 EP 5760 DI 10.1128/AEM.05007-11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 802IX UT WOS:000293504400024 PM 21724899 ER PT J AU Bancroft, BA Han, BA Searle, CL Biga, LM Olson, DH Kats, LB Lawler, JJ Blaustein, AR AF Bancroft, Betsy A. Han, Barbara A. Searle, Catherine L. Biga, Lindsay M. Olson, Deanna H. Kats, Lee B. Lawler, Joshua J. Blaustein, Andrew R. TI Species-level correlates of susceptibility to the pathogenic amphibian fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the United States SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Body size; Infection; Life-history pathogen ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; POPULATION DECLINES; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; FROGS; TRANSMISSION; QUEENSLAND; MORTALITY; TADPOLES; BEHAVIOR; FORESTS AB Disease is often implicated as a factor in population declines of wildlife and plants. Understanding the characteristics that may predispose a species to infection by a particular pathogen can help direct conservation efforts. Recent declines in amphibian populations world-wide are a major conservation issue and may be caused in part by a fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We used Random Forest, a machine learning approach, to identify species-level characteristics that may be related to susceptibility to Bd. Our results suggest that body size at maturity, aspects of egg laying behavior, taxonomic order and family, and reliance on water are good predictors of documented infection for species in the continental United States. These results suggest that, whereas local-scale environmental variables are important to the spread of Bd, species-level characteristics may also influence susceptibility to Bd. The relationships identified in this study suggest future experimental tests, and may target species for conservation efforts. C1 [Bancroft, Betsy A.] So Utah Univ, Dept Biol, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. [Bancroft, Betsy A.; Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Han, Barbara A.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens 30602, GA, Greece. [Searle, Catherine L.; Biga, Lindsay M.; Blaustein, Andrew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kats, Lee B.] Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Seaver Coll, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. RP Bancroft, BA (reprint author), So Utah Univ, Dept Biol, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. EM betsybancroft@suu.edu OI Han, Barbara/0000-0002-9948-3078 FU NSF FX We would like to thank T. T. Young, B. Blaustein, S. Andrews, J. Martin, L. Payton, O. Howlin, E. Girvetz, R. Bancroft, S. Bancroft, and J. Ng for assistance. B. Han was funded by an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1911 EP 1920 DI 10.1007/s10531-011-0066-4 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 799LD UT WOS:000293287300005 ER PT J AU Opriessnig, T Shen, HG Pal, N Ramamoorthy, S Huang, YW Lager, KM Beach, NM Halbur, PG Meng, XJ AF Opriessnig, T. Shen, H. G. Pal, N. Ramamoorthy, S. Huang, Y. W. Lager, K. M. Beach, N. M. Halbur, P. G. Meng, X. J. TI A Live-Attenuated Chimeric Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccine Is Transmitted to Contact Pigs but Is Not Upregulated by Concurrent Infection with Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Is Efficacious in a PCV2b-PRRSV-PPV Challenge Model SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; NONPATHOGENIC PCV1; CONVENTIONAL PIGS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; GENOMIC BACKBONE; CAPSID PROTEIN; WEANLING PIGS; IN-VIVO; DISEASE; COINFECTION AB The live chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine with the capsid gene of the emerging subtype 2b cloned in the genomic backbone of the nonpathogenic PCV1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective immunity against PCV2. To further determine the safety and efficacy of this experimental vaccine, we tested for evidence of pig-to-pig transmission by commingling nonvaccinated and vaccinated pigs, determined potential upregulation by simultaneous vaccination and infection with porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and determined vaccine efficacy by challenging pigs 4 weeks after vaccination with PCV2b, PRRSV, and PPV. Forty-six 21-day-old, PCV2-naive pigs were randomly assigned to one of six groups. Twenty-nine of 46 pigs were challenged with PCV2b, PRRSV, and PPV at day 28, 8/46 remained nonvaccinated and nonchallenged and served as negative controls, and 9/46 remained nonchallenged and served as vaccination controls. All animals were necropsied at day 49. PCV1-PCV2 viremia was detected in nonvaccinated contact pigs commingled with vaccinated pigs, indicating pig-to-pig transmission; however, PCV1-PCV2 DNA levels remained low in all vaccinated and contact pigs regardless of concurrent infection. Finally, vaccination 28 days before challenge resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) decreased amounts of PCV2 in tissues and sera and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The results of this study indicate that the experimental live-attenuated chimeric PCV2 vaccine, although transmissible to contact pigs, remains attenuated in pigs concurrently infected with PRRSV and PPV and induces protective immunity against PCV2b when it is administered 28 days before PCV2 exposure. C1 [Opriessnig, T.; Shen, H. G.; Pal, N.; Ramamoorthy, S.; Halbur, P. G.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ramamoorthy, S.; Huang, Y. W.; Beach, N. M.; Meng, X. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lager, K. M.] Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Opriessnig, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tanjaopr@iastate.edu RI Beach, Nathan/A-5461-2011; Huang, Yaowei/B-1468-2009; Meng, X.J./B-8769-2009; Opriessnig, Tanja/F-2984-2012 OI Huang, Yaowei/0000-0001-9755-8411; Meng, X.J./0000-0002-2739-1334; Opriessnig, Tanja/0000-0001-9642-0904 FU Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council FX We thank the Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council for funding of this project. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1268 DI 10.1128/CVI.05057-11 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 800ID UT WOS:000293352100007 PM 21653745 ER PT J AU Kiser, J Morrell, JJ Filip, G AF Kiser, J. Morrell, J. J. Filip, G. TI Fungal colonization of coastal Douglas-fir following mechanical commercial thinning damage SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX PCR; DECAY FUNGI; PICEA-ABIES; IDENTIFICATION; WOOD; REGION; TREES AB Commercial-aged Douglas-fir trees mechanically damaged during commercial thinning activities were investigated to quantify fungal taxa present 14 years after thinning. A total of 235 wood cores from 18 damaged and 18 non-damaged control trees were obtained. Fungi were isolated on malt extract agar and molecular methods were used to identify 48 taxa. Damaged Douglas-fir trees were more than twice as likely to contain wood-inhabiting fungi as undamaged trees (p = 0.07) and contained more than 2.5 times more fungi (p = 0.006). However, typical Douglas-fir stem-decay fungi were not isolated. Fungi present were mostly endophytes and no significant differences were found in frequencies of decay/non-decay soft-rot fungi between damaged and control trees (p = 0.67). Likewise, no significant differences were found for the trend in number of fungi isolates over radial depth into the stem between damaged and control trees (p = 0.29). Frequency of fungal isolates was non-linearly related to depth in the tree bole. Significant differences between damaged and control trees (p = 0.03) was influenced by the data in the outermost 3 mm. With the exception of these data, there were no significant differences between damaged and control trees in the radial trend in fungal frequency (p = 0.37). Results of this study suggest that wounding in commercial-aged Douglas-fir may not contribute significantly to occurrence and species composition of wood inhabiting fungi over the period of a short-rotation final harvest. However, damage mitigation is recommended supported by a related study showing vertical discolouration affecting all wounded stems. C1 [Kiser, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Morrell, J. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Filip, G.] USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Kiser, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jim.kiser@oregonstate.edu NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 41 IS 4 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00675.x PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 801MN UT WOS:000293443300009 ER PT J AU King, DI Nislow, KH Brooks, RT DeGraaf, RM Yamasaki, M AF King, David I. Nislow, Keith H. Brooks, Robert T. DeGraaf, Richard M. Yamasaki, Mariko TI Early-successional forest ecosystems: far from "forgotten" SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [King, David I.; Nislow, Keith H.; Brooks, Robert T.; DeGraaf, Richard M.; Yamasaki, Mariko] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dking@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1890/11.WB.016 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 802SY UT WOS:000293532500015 ER PT J AU Swanson, ME Franklin, JF Beschta, RL Crisafulli, CM DellaSala, DA Hutto, RL Lindenmayer, DB Swanson, FJ AF Swanson, Mark E. Franklin, Jerry F. Beschta, Robert L. Crisafulli, Charles M. DellaSala, Dominick A. Hutto, Richard L. Lindenmayer, David B. Swanson, Frederick J. TI Early-successional forest ecosystems: far from "forgotten" reply SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Swanson, Mark E.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beschta, Robert L.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Crisafulli, Charles M.] USFS Pacific NW Res Stn, Amboy, WA USA. [DellaSala, Dominick A.] Natl Ctr Conservat Sci & Policy, Ashland, OR USA. [Hutto, Richard L.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lindenmayer, David B.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Swanson, Frederick J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Swanson, ME (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM markswanson@wsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 320 EP 320 DI 10.1890/11.WB.017 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 802SY UT WOS:000293532500016 ER PT J AU Robare, JF Bayles, CM Newman, AB Williams, K Milas, C Boudreau, R McTigue, K Albert, SM Taylor, C Kuller, LH AF Robare, Joseph F. Bayles, Constance M. Newman, Anne B. Williams, Kathy Milas, Carole Boudreau, Robert McTigue, Kathleen Albert, Steven M. Taylor, Christopher Kuller, Lewis H. TI The "10 Keys" to Healthy Aging: 24-Month Follow-Up Results From an Innovative Community-Based Prevention Program SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE healthy aging; older adults; prevention program ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; OLDER-ADULTS; PHYSICAL FUNCTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; INTERVENTION; PROMOTION; TRIAL; HYPERTENSION; ASSOCIATION; DEPRESSION AB The purpose of this report was to evaluate a prevention program to reduce risk factors for common diseases among older individuals in a lower income community. This randomized community-based study enrolled older adults into a Brief Education and Counseling Intervention or a Brief Education and Counseling Intervention plus a physical activity and (for those with hypertension) a dietary sodium intervention. Outcomes were collected on 389 adults with a mean age of 73.9 years over 24 months. Adherence to the "10 Keys" improved significantly in the proportion meeting goals for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+14%), bone mineral density testing (+11%), pneumonia vaccination (+11%), colonoscopy (+14%), and adherence to antihypertensive medication (+9%). This program resulted in significant reductions in key risk factors, increases in immunizations, and adherence to established prevention guidelines over 2 years. Further research is needed to refine the use of community health counselors for translating prevention knowledge into community settings. A major limitation of these studies is the low participation percentage. C1 [Robare, Joseph F.] USDA, Special Nutr Evaluat Branch, Food & Nutr Serv, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Bayles, Constance M.; Newman, Anne B.; Williams, Kathy; Milas, Carole; Boudreau, Robert; McTigue, Kathleen; Albert, Steven M.; Taylor, Christopher; Kuller, Lewis H.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Robare, JF (reprint author), USDA, Special Nutr Evaluat Branch, Food & Nutr Serv, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Joseph.Robare@fns.usda.gov RI Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Boudreau, Robert/0000-0003-0162-5187; Albert, Steven/0000-0001-6786-9956 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000025-05] NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 38 IS 4 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1177/1090198110379575 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 800HM UT WOS:000293350400006 PM 21652780 ER PT J AU Kinne, M Poraj-Kobielska, M Ullrich, R Nousiainen, P Sipila, J Scheibner, K Hammel, KE Hofrichter, M AF Kinne, Matthias Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena Ullrich, Rene Nousiainen, Paula Sipila, Jussi Scheibner, Katrin Hammel, Kenneth E. Hofrichter, Martin TI Oxidative cleavage of non-phenolic beta-O-4 lignin model dimers by an extracellular aromatic peroxygenase SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE Agrocybe aegerita; hydroxylation; lignin model compound; O-dealkylation; peroxidase; peroxygenase ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; DEGRADATION MECHANISMS; FUNGAL PEROXYGENASE; AGROCYBE-AEGERITA; VERSICOLOR; SUBSTRATE; COMPOUND; RADICALS; LIGNANS; LACCASE AB The extracellular aromatic peroxygenase of the agaric fungus Agrocybe aegerita catalyzed the H(2)O(2)-dependent cleavage of non-phenolic arylglycerol-beta-aryl ethers (beta-O-4 ethers). For instance 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)propane-1,3-diol, a recalcitrant dimeric lignin model compound that represents the major non-phenolic substructure in lignin, was selectively O-demethylated at the para-methoxy group to give formaldehyde and 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol. The phenol moiety of the latter compound was then enzymatically oxidized into phenoxy radicals and a quinoid cation, which initiated the autocatalytic cleavage of the dimer and the formation of monomers such as 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and phenoxyl-substituted propionic acid. The introduction of (18)O from H(2)(18)O(2) and H(2)(18)O at different positions into the products provided information about the routes of ether cleavage. Studies with a (14)C-labeled lignin model dimer showed that more than 70% of the intermediates formed were further coupled to form polymers with molecular masses above 10 kDa. The results indicate that fungal aromatic peroxygenases may be involved in the bioconversion of methoxylated plant ingredients originating from lignin or other sources. C1 [Kinne, Matthias; Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena; Ullrich, Rene; Hofrichter, Martin] Int Grad Sch Zittau, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Nousiainen, Paula; Sipila, Jussi] Univ Helsinki, Organ Chem Lab, Helsinki, Finland. [Scheibner, Katrin] Univ Appl Sci Lausitz, Grp Enzyme Technol, Senftenberg, Germany. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kinne, M (reprint author), Int Grad Sch Zittau, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. EM kinne@ihi-zittau.de RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Nousiainen, Paula/L-5026-2015; Sipila, Jussi/L-5460-2015 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; FU Konrad Adenauer Foundation; Fulbright Foundation; Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt [13225-32]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX We thank Sally Ralph, Ulrike Schneider and Monika Brandt for technical assistance, and Martin Kluge (Inge) and Christiane Liers for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (M.K.), the Fulbright Foundation (K.E.H.), the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (M.H. and K.S., project number 13225-32) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (M.H., projects FUPERS and FUNWOOD). NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 32 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD AUG PY 2011 VL 65 IS 5 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.057 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 803ED UT WOS:000293563400007 ER PT J AU Li, XJ Cai, ZY Horn, E Winandy, JE AF Li, Xianjun Cai, Zhiyong Horn, Eric Winandy, Jerrold E. TI Effect of oxalic acid pretreatment of wood chips on manufacturing medium-density fiberboard SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE cellulosic biofuel; fiber refining; internal bonding; medium-density fiberboard; modulus of elasticity; modulus of rupture; oxalic acid pretreatment; thickness swelling; water absorption ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; DIETHYL OXALATE PRETREATMENT; HEAT; SPRUCE; FIBERS AB The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxalic acid (OA) wood chips pretreatment prior to refining, which is done to reduce energy used during the refining process. Selected mechanical and physical performances of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) - internal bonding (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) - made from this OA-pretreated wood were tested and the effect of the OA treatment on carbohydrates investigated. The results showed that the OA treatment significantly reduced refining energy usage, and improved MDF dimensional stability and lightness. However, the OA treatment had a negative effect on the internal bonding strength of MDF panels. The amount of extracted carbohydrates was dramatically increased, up to 24 times, by the OA pretreatment. Carbohydrates extracted from wood chips could be a potential sustainable resource for biofuel or bio-based chemicals. This paper is a contribution to the so-called "value prior to pulping (VPP)" concept. C1 [Li, Xianjun; Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Li, Xianjun] Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Sch, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Horn, Eric] Biopulping Int Inc, Madison, WI USA. [Winandy, Jerrold E.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM zcai@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD AUG PY 2011 VL 65 IS 5 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.060 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 803ED UT WOS:000293563400015 ER PT J AU Zhang, HJ Wang, XP Su, J AF Zhang, Houjiang Wang, Xiping Su, Juan TI Experimental investigation of stress wave propagation in standing trees SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE logs; standing trees; stress wave contour map; stress wave propagation; time-of-flight; wave front ID WOOD QUALITY AB The objective of this study was to investigate how a stress wave travels in a standing tree as it is introduced into the tree trunk through a mechanical impact. A series of stress wave time-of-flight (TOF) data were obtained from three freshly-cut red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) logs by means of a two-probe stress wave timer. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) stress wave contour maps were constructed based on the experimental data using a commercial software. These stress wave contour maps represent the wave fronts in a time sequence, illustrating the flow of stress wave energy within a log. The analysis of TOF data and wave fronts indicates that stress wave propagation in standing trees is affected by tree diameter, travel distance, and internal wood conditions (wood properties and structural defects). When a stress wave is introduced into a tree trunk from a point source, it initially propagates in the impact direction as a 3D wave. Then the flow of the stress wave energy gradually changes towards the longitudinal directions. As the diameter-to-distance ratio reaches 0.1 or below, the wave begins to travel as a quasi 1D wave. C1 [Zhang, Houjiang; Su, Juan] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiping] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Zhang, HJ (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Technol, 35 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM hjzhang6@bjfu.edu.cn NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD AUG PY 2011 VL 65 IS 5 BP 743 EP 748 DI 10.1515/HF.2011.059 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 803ED UT WOS:000293563400016 ER PT J AU Hughes, SR Butt, TR Bartolett, S Riedmuller, SB Farrelly, P AF Hughes, Stephen R. Butt, Tauseef R. Bartolett, Scott Riedmuller, Steven B. Farrelly, Philip TI Design and Construction of a First-Generation High-Throughput Integrated Robotic Molecular Biology Platform for Bioenergy Applications SO JALA LA English DT Review DE high throughput; molecular biology; plasmid based functional proteomics; acid scanning; metagenesis; integrated; uromated robotics; vorkcell; metaolomics; synthetic biology ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OPEN READING FRAMES; ANAEROBIC XYLOSE FERMENTATION; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; SCANNING MUTAGENESIS AB The molecular biological techniques for plasmid-based assembly and cloning of gene open reading frames are essential for elucidating the function of the proteins encoded by the genes.' High-throughput integrated robotic molecular biology platforms that have the capacity to rapidly clone and express heterologous gene open reading frames in bacteria and yeast and to screen large numbers of expressed proteins for optimized function are an important technology for improving microbial strains for biofuel production. The process involves the production of full-length complementary DNA libraries as a source of plasmid-base clones to express the desired proteins in active form for determination of their functions. Proteins that were identified by high-throughput screening as having desired characteristics are overexpressed in microbes to enable them to perform functions that will allow more cost-effective and sustainable production of biofuels. Because the plasmid libraries are composed of several thousand unique genes, automation of the process is essential. this review describes the design and implementation of an automated integrated programmable robotic workcell capable of producing complementary DNA libraries, colony picking, isolating plasmid DNA, transforming yeast and bacteria, expressing protein, and performing appropriate functional assays. These operations will allow tailoring microbial strains to use renewable feedstocks for production of biofuels, bioderived chemicals, fertilizers, and other coproducts for profitable and sustainable biorefineries. (JALA 2011; 16:292-307) C1 [Hughes, Stephen R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Butt, Tauseef R.] LifeSensors Inc, Malvern, PA USA. [Bartolett, Scott] Bartolett Enterprises Inc, Robot Vis Unit, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Bartolett, Scott] Bartolett Enterprises Inc, Robot Scheduling Unit, Bridgewater, NJ USA. [Riedmuller, Steven B.] Blackland Mfg Inc, Lab Workcell Robot, Round Rock, TX USA. [Riedmuller, Steven B.] Blackland Mfg Inc, Integrat Design Div, Round Rock, TX USA. [Farrelly, Philip] Hudson Robot Inc, Springfield, NJ USA. [Bartolett, Scott] Bartolett Enterprises Inc, Robot Software Unit, Bridgewater, NJ USA. RP Hughes, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Stephen.Hughes@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 21 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 2211-0682 J9 JALA-J LAB AUTOM JI JALA PD AUG PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 BP 292 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2011.04.004 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 797IV UT WOS:000293118600007 PM 21764025 ER PT J AU Gibson, DM Krasnoff, SB Biazzo, J Milbrath, L AF Gibson, Donna M. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Biazzo, Jeromy Milbrath, Lindsey TI Phytotoxicity of Antofine from Invasive Swallow-Worts SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antofine; Phytotoxin; Swallow-worts; Vincetoxicum; Cynanchum; Allelopathy; Invasiveness; Allelopathic potential ID VINE VINCETOXICUM-ROSSICUM; NEW-YORK-STATE; CYNANCHUM-VINCETOXICUM; L PERS; PHENANTHROINDOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS; CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AB Pale swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum) and black swallow-wort (V. nigrum) are two emerging invasive plant species in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada that have shown rapid population expansion over the past 20 years. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, the known phytochemical phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, (-)-antofine, was identified as a potent phytotoxin in roots, leaves, and seeds of both swallow-wort species. In seedling bioassays, (-)-antofine, at mu M concentrations, resulted in greatly reduced root growth of Asclepias tuberosa, A. syriaca, and Apocynum cannabinum, three related, native plant species typically found in habitats where large stands of swallow-wort are present. In contrast, antofine exhibited moderate activity against lettuce, and it had little effect on germination and root growth of either black or pale swallow-wort. In disk diffusion assays, antifungal activity was observed at 10 mu g and 100 mu g, while antibacterial activity was seen only at the higher level. Although both swallow-wort species display multiple growth and reproductive characteristics that may play an important role in their invasiveness, the presence of the highly bioactive phytochemical (-)-antofine in root and seed tissues indicates a potential allelopathic role in swallow-worts' invasiveness. C1 [Gibson, Donna M.; Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Biazzo, Jeromy; Milbrath, Lindsey] ARS, USDA, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Donna.Gibson@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 37 IS 8 BP 871 EP 879 DI 10.1007/s10886-011-9994-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801BZ UT WOS:000293412700008 PM 21739223 ER PT J AU Latorre, AA Pradhan, AK Van Kessel, JAS Karns, JS Boor, KJ Rice, DH Mangione, KJ Grohn, YT Schukken, YH AF Latorre, Alejandra A. Pradhan, Abani K. Van Kessel, Jo Ann S. Karns, Jeffrey S. Boor, Kathryn J. Rice, Daniel H. Mangione, Kurt J. Groehn, Yrjo T. Schukken, Ynte H. TI Quantitative Risk Assessment of Listeriosis Due to Consumption of Raw Milk SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BULK TANK MILK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; MEXICAN-STYLE CHEESE; PASTEURIZED MILK; UNITED-STATES; MONOCYTOGENES GROWTH; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; UNPASTEURIZED MILK; DAIRY FARM; DELI MEATS AB The objectives of this study were to estimate the risk of illness for raw milk consumers due to Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk sold by permitted dealers, and the risk for people on farms who consume raw milk. Three scenarios were evaluated for raw milk sold by dealers: raw milk purchased directly from bulk tanks, from on-farm stores, and from retail. To assess the effect of mandatory testing of raw milk by regulatory agencies, the number of listeriosis cases per year was compared where no raw milk testing was done, only a screening test to issue a permit was conducted, and routine testing was conducted and milk was recalled if it was L. monocytogenes positive. The median number of listeriosis cases associated with consumption of raw milk from bulk tanks, farm stores, and retail for an intermediate-age population was 6.6 x 10(-7), 3.8 x 10(-5), and 5.1 x 10(-5) cases per year, respectively. In populations with high susceptibility, the estimated median number of cases per year was 2.7 x 10(-7) (perinatal, i.e., pregnant women and their fetuses or newborns) and 1.4 x 10(-6) (elderly) for milk purchased from bulk tanks, 1.5 x 10(-5) (perinatal) and 7.8 x 10(-5) (elderly) for milk from farm stores, and 2.1 x 10(-5) (perinatal) and 1.0 x 10(-4) (elderly) for milk from retail. For raw milk consumed on farms, the median number of listeriosis cases was 1.4 x 10(-7) cases per year. A greater risk of listeriosis was associated with consumption of raw milk obtained from retail and farm stores as compared with milk obtained from bulk tanks. This was likely due to additional time temperature combination steps in the retail and farm store models, which increased the chances for growth of L. monocytogenes in raw milk. A close relationship between prevalence of L. monocyto genes in raw milk and the values of disease incidence was observed. Hence, a reduction in the number of cases per year in all populations was observed when a raw milk testing program was in place, especially when routine testing and recalling of milk was conducted. C1 [Latorre, Alejandra A.; Pradhan, Abani K.; Groehn, Yrjo T.; Schukken, Ynte H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Van Kessel, Jo Ann S.; Karns, Jeffrey S.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Boor, Kathryn J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rice, Daniel H.; Mangione, Kurt J.] New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Food Lab Div, Albany, NY 12235 USA. RP Latorre, AA (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Dept Pathol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Sci, Chillan, Chile. EM aal39@cornell.edu RI Boor, Kathryn/B-3545-2009; Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Boor, Kathryn/0000-0001-6810-3434; Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service [58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158, 58-1265-4-020, 58-1265-8-064] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (agreement nos. 58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158, 58-1265-4-020, and 58-1265-8-064) for the Regional Daily Quality Management Alliance. We thank the raw milk producer, raw milk plant manager, and the vice president of a milk retailer, who kindly provided valuable information for our study. We gratefully acknowledge the help received during this research by the laboratory personnel and staff at Quality Milk Production Services-Cornell University, and the Food Laboratory at the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1268 EP 1281 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-554 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 803UQ UT WOS:000293607700007 PM 21819653 ER PT J AU Schneider, JL White, PL Weiss, J Norton, D Lidgard, J Gould, LH Yee, B Vugia, DJ Mohle-Boetani, J AF Schneider, J. L. White, P. L. Weiss, J. Norton, D. Lidgard, J. Gould, L. H. Yee, B. Vugia, D. J. Mohle-Boetani, J. TI Multistate Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Newport Infections Associated with Ground Beef, October to December 2007 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB In late October 2007, an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Newport infections affected 42 case patients in California, Arizona, Idaho, and Nevada. A case-control study implicated ground beef from one chain store. Despite detailed ground beef purchase histories-including shopper card information for several case patients-traceback efforts by both the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service and the California Department of Public Health were unable to identify the source of contamination. Case patients consumed multiple types of ground beef products purchased at numerous chain store A retail locations. These stores had received beef products for grinding from multiple beef slaughter processing establishments. Detailed retail grinding logs and grinding policies that prevent cross-contamination between batches of ground beef products are crucial in the identification of contaminated beef products associated with foodborne illness. C1 [Schneider, J. L.; Lidgard, J.; Yee, B.; Vugia, D. J.; Mohle-Boetani, J.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Communicable Dis Control, Infect Dis Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [White, P. L.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Weiss, J.] Bur Epidemiol & Dis Control Serv, Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. [Norton, D.] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Gould, L. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schneider, JL (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Communicable Dis Control, Infect Dis Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM Jen.JenSchneider@gmail.com NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1315 EP 1319 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-046 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 803UQ UT WOS:000293607700012 PM 21819658 ER PT J AU Tian, P Yang, D Mandrell, R AF Tian, Peng Yang, David Mandrell, Robert TI Differences in the Binding of Human Norovirus to and from Romaine Lettuce and Raspberries by Water and Electrolyzed Waters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MINIMALLY-PROCESSED VEGETABLES; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; OXIDIZING WATER; VIRUS TRANSFER; EFFICACY; CONTAMINATION; FOOD; INTERRUPTION AB Food contamination by human norovirus (hNoV) is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease. We evaluated the effectiveness of removing inoculated hNoV from the surfaces of raspberries and romaine lettuce by a simple wash in tap water and in different forms of electrolyzed water (EW), including acidic EW (AEW), neutral EW (NEW), and basic EW (BEW). A simple rinsing or soaking in water was able to remove >95% of hNoV from surface-inoculated raspberries. In contrast, only 75% of hNoV was removed from surface-inoculated romaine lettuce by rinsing in tap water. An AEW wash enhanced the binding of hNoV to raspberries and lettuce. Only 7.5% (+/- 10%) and 4% (+/- 3.1%) of hNoV were removed by AEW wash from surface-inoculated raspberries and lettuce, respectively. When raspberries and lettuce were prewashed with NEW or BEW prior to surface inoculation, an AEW wash likewise resulted in significantly less removal of hNoV compared with untreated samples. A prewash with AEW significantly decreased the removal of hNoV from raspberries and lettuce when they were washed with NEW, from 90.6 to 51% and from 76 to 51.3%, respectively. There are minimal or no improvements gained by use of any of the EWs instead of a regular tap water wash in removal of hNoV from produce. However, use of AEW shows a significant decrease in the removal of hNoV from contaminated produce compared with other water rinses. The ability to remove hNoV from different types of produce varies, possibly due to differences among types of ligand-like molecules that bind hNoV. The distribution of hNoV on raspberries and lettuce was studied using recombinant Norwalk-like particles (rNVLP). By immunofluorescence microscopy, we were able to observe binding of rNVLP only to vein areas of romaine lettuce, suggesting that the virus was binding to specific molecules in these areas. Random binding of rNVLP occurred only with raspberries prewashed with AEW or washed with AEW. C1 [Tian, Peng; Yang, David; Mandrell, Robert] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM peng.tian@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-021-044, 5325-42000-021-045] FX We thank Dr. Jason Jiang (Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH) for providing polyclonal antisera (GP834403), Dr. Baoming Jiang (CDC, Atlanta, GA) for providing rotavirus recombinant virus-like particles and corresponding antisera, Anna Korn for editing, and Anna Bates for assistance in microscopy of rNVLP binding to lettuce. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS projects 5325-42000-021-044 and 5325-42000-021-045. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1364 EP 1369 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-494 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 803UQ UT WOS:000293607700022 PM 21819668 ER PT J AU Saini, PK Marks, HM Dreyfuss, MS Evans, P Cook, LV Dessai, U AF Saini, Parmesh K. Marks, Harry M. Dreyfuss, Moshe S. Evans, Peter Cook, L. Victor, Jr. Dessai, Uday TI Indicator Organisms in Meat and Poultry Slaughter Operations: Their Potential Use in Process Control and the Role of Emerging Technologies SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID BROILER CHICKEN CARCASSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL CONTAMINATION; CAMPYLOBACTER; SALMONELLA; BACTERIA; ENVIRONMENTS; POPULATIONS; RECOVERY; QUALITY AB Measuring commonly occurring, nonpathogenic organisms on poultry products may be used for designing statistical process control systems that could result in reductions of pathogen levels. The extent of pathogen level reduction that could be obtained from actions resulting from monitoring these measurements over time depends upon the degree of understanding cause-effect relationships between processing variables, selected output variables, and pathogens. For such measurements to be effective for controlling or improving processing to some capability level within the statistical process control context, sufficiently frequent measurements would be needed to help identify processing deficiencies. Ultimately the correct balance of sampling and resources is determined by those characteristics of deficient processing that are important to identify. We recommend strategies that emphasize flexibility, depending upon sampling objectives. Coupling the measurement of levels of indicator organisms with practical emerging technologies and suitable on-site platforms that decrease the time between sample collections and interpreting results would enhance monitoring process control. C1 [Saini, Parmesh K.; Dreyfuss, Moshe S.; Evans, Peter; Cook, L. Victor, Jr.; Dessai, Uday] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Div Microbiol, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Marks, Harry M.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Data Anal & Integrat Grp, Off Data Integrat & Food Protect, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dreyfuss, MS (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Div Microbiol, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM moshe.dreyfuss@fsis.usda.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1387 EP 1394 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-433 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 803UQ UT WOS:000293607700026 PM 21819672 ER PT J AU Manning, BB Wise, DJ Abbas, HK Peterson, BC AF Manning, Bruce B. Wise, David J. Abbas, Hamed K. Peterson, Brian C. TI Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Fed Diets Containing Aflatoxin from Moldy Corn Do Not Experience Increased Mortality After Challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI C1 [Manning, Bruce B.; Wise, David J.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Peterson, Brian C.] ARS, Catfish Genet Unit, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Manning, BB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. FU Catfish Health Initiative [SCA 68-6402-7-190] FX The authors thank Todd Byars for preparing the Edwardsiella ictaluri culture media, and Nick Phillips and Bobbie J. Johnson for performing the HPLC and ELISA analyses of the aflatoxin contaminated corn and clean corn used to prepare the experimental diets. This manuscript is approved for publication as Journal Article No. O-11748 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. This project was supported under the Catfish Health Initiative SCA 68-6402-7-190. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 42 IS 4 BP 598 EP 602 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00504.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800HU UT WOS:000293351200016 ER PT J AU Mayton, H Rauscher, G Simko, I Fry, WE AF Mayton, Hilary Rauscher, Gilda Simko, Ivan Fry, William E. TI Evaluation of the RPi-ber late blight resistance gene for tuber resistance in the field and laboratory SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE late blight; R gene resistance; tuber blight; Phytophthora infestans ID BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; POTATO LATE BLIGHT; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM; R-GENES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CHROMOSOME-IX; FOLIAGE; LOCUS; MAPS AB The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy in tubers of a late blight resistance gene, RPi-ber, originating from Solanum berthaultii. Experiments were conducted in the field and laboratory. Inoculation of tubers in field trials occurred via sporangia produced on infections in the foliage. Laboratory trials were conducted by inoculating whole tubers and tuber slices with sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. In all trials, those progeny with RPi-ber were essentially immune to strains of P. infestans that were incompatible with RPi-ber in the foliage. However, even when tested against strains of P. infestans that were compatible with RPi-ber in the foliage, there was still a resistance effect at the RPi-ber region. C1 [Mayton, Hilary; Rauscher, Gilda; Fry, William E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mayton, Hilary] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rauscher, Gilda; Simko, Ivan] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Simko, Ivan] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mayton, H (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM hsm1@cornell.edu RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 130 IS 4 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2010.01836.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 800HD UT WOS:000293349500009 ER PT J AU Jurick, WM Janisiewicz, WJ Saftner, RA Vico, I Gaskins, VL Park, E Forsline, PL Fazio, G Conway, WS AF Jurick, Wayne M., II Janisiewicz, Wojciech J. Saftner, Robert A. Vico, Ivana Gaskins, Verneta L. Park, Eunhee Forsline, Philip L. Fazio, Gennaro Conway, William S. TI Identification of wild apple germplasm (Malus spp.) accessions with resistance to the postharvest decay pathogens Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum acutatum SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE blue mould; bitter rot; wild apple germplasm ID BLUE MOLD; FRUIT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CULTIVARS AB Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum acutatum cause blue mould and bitter rot of apples during storage which results in significant economic losses. Resistance to these pathogens in commercial apple cultivars has not been documented in the literature. An apple germplasm collection, from the centre of origin in Kazakhstan, is maintained in Geneva, New York. This collection represents a more diverse apple gene pool than commercial cultivars and was evaluated for resistance to the pathogens that cause blue mould and bitter rot. Resistance reactions were skewed towards susceptibility for both fungi and comprised the majority of accessions examined. However, resistance to P. expansum was confirmed in select accessions over multiple years. Maturation patterns and quality indices for soluble solids and acidity, which may also affect susceptibility, were highly variable and represent the genetic diversity of the germplasm collection. Resistance in four accessions to C. acutatum and two accessions resistant to both P. expansum and C. acutatum are reported here for the first time. Data from this study will serve as a foundation for conventional apple breeding programmes and molecular genetics investigations to provide resistance against blue mould and bitter rot in commercial apple varieties. C1 [Jurick, Wayne M., II; Saftner, Robert A.; Vico, Ivana; Gaskins, Verneta L.; Park, Eunhee; Conway, William S.] ARS, USDA, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Janisiewicz, Wojciech J.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Forsline, Philip L.; Fazio, Gennaro] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Jurick, WM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Wayne.Jurick@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [1275-42430-008-00D]; CGC FX This work was supported by USDA project no. 1275-42430-008-00D and CGC grant awarded to W.J. Janisiewicz. We thank Nadine Gutkin for measuring starch values and Rodger Lewis for help with summarizing decay data. Mention of trade names or commercial products in the publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 130 IS 4 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01849.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 800HD UT WOS:000293349500012 ER PT J AU Yi, G Lauter, AM Scott, MP Becraft, PW AF Yi, Gibum Lauter, Adrienne M. Scott, M. Paul Becraft, Philip W. TI The thick aleurone1 Mutant Defines a Negative Regulation of Maize Aleurone Cell Fate That Functions Downstream of defective kernel1 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; LAYERS; BARLEY; RICE; CRINKLY4; POSITION; ENCODES; NUMBER AB The maize (Zea mays) aleurone layer occupies the single outermost layer of the endosperm. The defective kernel1 (dek1) gene is a central regulator required for aleurone cell fate specification. dek1 mutants have pleiotropic phenotypes including lack of aleurone cells, aborted embryos, carotenoid deficiency, and a soft, floury endosperm deficient in zeins. Here we describe the thick aleurone1 (thk1) mutant that defines a novel negative function in the regulation of aleurone differentiation. Mutants possess multiple layers of aleurone cells as well as aborted embryos. Clonal sectors of thk1 mutant tissue in otherwise normal endosperm showed localized expression of the phenotype with sharp boundaries, indicating a localized cellular function for the gene. Sectors in leaves showed expanded epidermal cell morphology but the mutant epidermis generally remained in a single cell layer. Double mutant analysis indicated that the thk1 mutant is epistatic to dek1 for several aspects of the pleiotropic dek1 phenotype. dek1 mutant endosperm that was mosaic for thk1 mutant sectors showed localized patches of multilayered aleurone. Localized sectors were surrounded by halos of carotenoid pigments and double mutant kernels had restored zein profiles. In sum, loss of thk1 function restored the ability of dek1 mutant endosperm to accumulate carotenoids and zeins and to differentiate aleurone. Therefore the thk1 mutation defines a negative regulator that functions downstream of dek1 in the signaling system that controls aleurone specification and other aspects of endosperm development. The thk1 mutation was found to be caused by a deletion of approximately 2 megabases. C1 [Yi, Gibum; Becraft, Philip W.] Iowa State Univ, Genet Dev & Cell Biol Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. Paul; Becraft, Philip W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lauter, Adrienne M.; Scott, M. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Becraft, PW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Dev & Cell Biol Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM becraft@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010; OI Becraft, Philip/0000-0002-3299-2126 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2006-01163] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (grant no. 2006-01163 to the Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Department, Iowa State University). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 156 IS 4 BP 1826 EP 1836 DI 10.1104/pp.111.177725 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 803GC UT WOS:000293568800015 PM 21617032 ER PT J AU Huffaker, A Kaplan, F Vaughan, MM Dafoe, NJ Ni, XZ Rocca, JR Alborn, HT Teal, PEA Schmelz, EA AF Huffaker, Alisa Kaplan, Fatma Vaughan, Martha M. Dafoe, Nicole J. Ni, Xinzhi Rocca, James R. Alborn, Hans T. Teal, Peter E. A. Schmelz, Eric A. TI Novel Acidic Sesquiterpenoids Constitute a Dominant Class of Pathogen-Induced Phytoalexins in Maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED VOLATILE EMISSION; ZEA-MAYS; INDUCED ACCUMULATION; DEFENSE-MECHANISM; JASMONIC ACID; HDMBOA-GLC; RESISTANCE; SYNTHASE; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Nonvolatile terpenoid phytoalexins occur throughout the plant kingdom, but until recently were not known constituents of chemical defense in maize (Zea mays). We describe a novel family of ubiquitous maize sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins, termed zealexins, which were discovered through characterization of Fusarium graminearum-induced responses. Zealexins accumulate to levels greater than 800 mg g 21 fresh weight in F. graminearum-infected tissue. Their production is also elicited by a wide variety of fungi, Ostrinia nubilalis herbivory, and the synergistic action of jasmonic acid and ethylene. Zealexins exhibit antifungal activity against numerous phytopathogenic fungi at physiologically relevant concentrations. Structural elucidation of four members of this complex family revealed that all are acidic sesquiterpenoids containing a hydrocarbon skeleton that resembles beta-macrocarpene. Induced zealexin accumulation is preceded by increased expression of the genes encoding TERPENE SYNTHASE6 (TPS6) and TPS11, which catalyze beta-macrocarpene production. Furthermore, zealexin accumulation displays direct positive relationships with the transcript levels of both genes. Microarray analysis of F. graminearum-infected tissue revealed that Tps6/Tps11 were among the most highly up-regulated genes, as was An2, an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase associated with production of kauralexins. Transcript profiling suggests that zealexins cooccur with a number of antimicrobial proteins, including chitinases and pathogenesis-related proteins. In addition to zealexins, kauralexins and the benzoxazinoid 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one-glucose (HDMBOA-glucose) were produced in fungal-infected tissue. HDMBOA-glucose accumulation occurred in both wild-type and benzoxazine-deficient1 (bx1) mutant lines, indicating that Bx1 gene activity is not required for HDMBOA biosynthesis. Together these results indicate an important cooperative role of terpenoid phytoalexins in maize biochemical defense. C1 [Huffaker, Alisa; Kaplan, Fatma; Vaughan, Martha M.; Dafoe, Nicole J.; Alborn, Hans T.; Teal, Peter E. A.; Schmelz, Eric A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Rocca, James R.] Univ Florida, Adv Magnet Resonance Imaging & Spect Facil, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Huffaker, A (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM alisa.huffaker@ars.usda.gov OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X FU United States Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service base research funds and the National Science Foundation User Program funding of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. NR 62 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 156 IS 4 BP 2082 EP 2097 DI 10.1104/pp.111.179457 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 803GC UT WOS:000293568800033 PM 21690302 ER PT J AU Savini, G Afonso, A Mellor, P Aradaib, I Yadin, H Sanaa, M Wilson, W Monaco, F Domingo, M AF Savini, G. Afonso, A. Mellor, P. Aradaib, I. Yadin, H. Sanaa, M. Wilson, W. Monaco, F. Domingo, M. TI Epizootic heamorragic disease SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Control measures; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Epizootic haemorrhagic disease; Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus; Ruminants ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CULICOIDES BITING MIDGES; PRONGHORN ANTILOCAPRA-AMERICANA; BLUETONGUE VIRUS TRANSMISSION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DAIRY; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; IBARAKI-VIRUS AB Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious non-contagious viral disease transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides which affects wild and domestic ruminants. The causative agent, the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus and shares many morphological and structural characteristics with the other members of the genus such as bluetongue, African horse sickness and equine encephalosis viruses. In recent years EHD outbreaks have been reported in countries bordering the European Union. They caused disease in cattle and severe repercussion on the livestock industry of the affected countries. In the light of recent European bluetongue epizootic these events pose an increasing threat to the European Union. This review includes the most recent information regarding the virus and the disease as well as tools for its diagnosis and control. It is our conviction that more attention should be drawn to both EHDV and the disease itself in order to fulfil all these gaps and not to be unprepared in case future possible incursions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Savini, G.] Ist G Caporale Teramo, OIE Reference Lab Bluetongue, Dept Virol, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. [Afonso, A.] European Food Safety Author, Parma, Italy. [Aradaib, I.] Univ Khartoum, Fac Vet Med, Dept Med Pharmacol & Toxicol, Mol Biol Lab, Khartoum N, Sudan. [Yadin, H.] Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Virol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Wilson, W.] USDA, AIRS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY USA. [Domingo, M.] Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim, Barcelona, Spain. RP Savini, G (reprint author), Ist G Caporale Teramo, OIE Reference Lab Bluetongue, Dept Virol, Via Campo Boario, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. EM g.savini@izs.it RI Domingo, Mariano/A-1015-2009; Savini, Giovanni/D-8416-2016; Monaco, Federica/G-9282-2016 OI Domingo, Mariano/0000-0002-9623-4826; Savini, Giovanni/0000-0001-7933-7367; Monaco, Federica/0000-0002-7827-2642 NR 160 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 91 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 797EV UT WOS:000293108200001 PM 21665237 ER PT J AU Johnson, BG Johnson, DW Miller, WW Carroll-Moore, EM Board, DI AF Johnson, Brittany G. Johnson, Dale W. Miller, Watkins W. Carroll-Moore, Erin M. Board, David I. TI The Effects of Slash Pile Burning on Soil and Water Macronutrients SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fire; slash piles; Sierra Nevada; soil chemistry; water quality ID PRESCRIPTION FIRE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; FOREST SOILS; NUTRIENTS; GROWTH; CARBON; PLANT; FLOOR AB Significant effects of slash pile burning on soil chemistry and water quality were observed in forested sites in the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains of Nevada. Slash piles in upland and meadow sites were instrumented postburn with ceramic cup lysimeters, runoff collectors, and resin stakes (Plant Root Simulator (TM) probes) along transects from pile centers to unburned areas. Ash and soil samples also were collected along these transects. The pH and concentrations of most nutrients in the soil were highest in the centers of the piles. Larger piles had lower levels of total carbon and total nitrogen in the pile centers (indicative of high burn temperatures and volatilization) compared with smaller piles. There also were differences between meadow and non-meadow systems including higher soil NO(3)(-) and lower SO(4)(2-) amounts in the meadow areas. Soil solution data indicated that peak concentrations exceeded US Environmental Protection Agency water quality standards for both NO(2)(-)-N and NO(3)(-)-N at all three sites and were 2.5 to 3 times the standards in two sites. Runoff solution peak concentrations also exceeded the standards but only in the meadow site. C1 [Johnson, Brittany G.; Johnson, Dale W.; Miller, Watkins W.; Carroll-Moore, Erin M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Board, David I.] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV USA. RP Johnson, BG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM bjohnson@dri.edu FU Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno FX This study was supported by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 176 IS 8 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318223cfad PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 801NC UT WOS:000293445600004 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Dungan, RS Moore, A AF Leytem, April B. Dungan, Robert S. Moore, Amber TI Nutrient Availability to Corn From Dairy Manures and Fertilizer in a Calcareous Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dairy; micronutrients; manure; compost; fertilizer; microbial activity ID INDUCED ZINC-DEFICIENCY; COMPOSTED CHICKEN MANURE; MIXED FORAGE CROP; NPK FERTILIZER; PHOSPHORUS; WHEAT; POTASSIUM; NITROGEN; YIELD; MINERALIZATION AB The expansion of the dairy industry in southern Idaho has led to increased application of manures to meet crop nutrient demands that can alter the uptake pattern of both macronutrients and micronutrients. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of dairy manure, composted dairy manure, and fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate) application on soil test phosphorus (P), microbial activity, and nutrient uptake by silage corn (Zea mays). Two Portneuf soils, having either a low or high soil test P concentration, were amended with the three treatments at four application rates (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg P kg(-1)) with four replications of each treatment in a randomized complete design. Treatments were incubated for 2 weeks, then planted with corn grown for approximately 3 weeks. Soil samples were analyzed before planting, whereas plant samples were analyzed at the end of the growing period. Increases in Olsen P from P additions were greatest in the monoammonium phosphate and least in the manure-treated soils. Plant dry matter production and tissue P concentration did not differ with treatment. Tissue K increased with manure and compost addition, whereas tissue Ca decreased; there was also a decrease in tissue Mg with compost application. Tissue Zn increased with manure applications, whereas tissue Mn decreased with manure and compost application on the low-P soil. It is important to consider plant nutrient interactions when applying manure and compost to forage crops as imbalances in K, Ca, and Mg can have a negative impact on animal health. C1 [Leytem, April B.; Dungan, Robert S.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. [Moore, Amber] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Twin Falls, ID USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. EM april.leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 24 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 176 IS 8 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31822391a6 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 801NC UT WOS:000293445600005 ER PT J AU Breiner, JM Doolittle, JA Horton, R Graham, RC AF Breiner, Joan M. Doolittle, James A. Horton, Robert Graham, Robert C. TI Performance of Ground-Penetrating Radar on Granitic Regoliths With Different Mineral Composition SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Granite; regolith; GPR; California ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; WEATHERED BEDROCK; WATER; SOIL; ROCKS; PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA; FRACTURES; LIMESTONE; PLANTS AB Although ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is extensively used to characterize the regolith, few studies have addressed the effects of chemical and mineralogical compositions of soils and bedrock on its performance. This investigation evaluated the performance of GPR on two different granitic regoliths of somewhat different mineralogical composition in the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. Radar records collected at a site where soils are Alfisols were more depth restricted than the radar record obtained at a site where soils are Entisols. Although the Alfisols contain an argillic horizon, and the Entisols have no such horizon of clay accumulation, the main impact on GPR effectiveness is related to mineralogy. The bedrock at the Alfisol site, which contains more mafic minerals (5% hornblende and 20% biotite), is more attenuating to GPR than the bedrock at the Entisol site, where mafic mineral content is less (< 1% hornblende and 10% biotite). Thus, a relatively minor variation in bedrock mineralogy, specifically the increased biotite content, severely restricts the performance of GPR. C1 [Breiner, Joan M.; Graham, Robert C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Doolittle, James A.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Horton, Robert] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Graham, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM robert.graham@ucr.edu FU University of California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science FX This work was funded in part by a grant from the University of California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 176 IS 8 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318222b0e7 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 801NC UT WOS:000293445600006 ER PT J AU Benight, NM Stoll, B Chacko, S da Silva, VR Marini, JC Gregory, JF Stabler, SP Burrin, DG AF Benight, Nancy M. Stoll, Barbara Chacko, Shaji da Silva, Vanessa R. Marini, Juan C. Gregory, Jesse F., III Stabler, Sally P. Burrin, Douglas G. TI B-vitamin deficiency is protective against DSS-induced colitis in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methionine; pyridoxal phosphate; methylation; transsulfuration ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; RAT HEPATOCYTES; MURINE MODEL; RISK-FACTORS; ACUTE-PHASE; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AB Benight NM, Stoll B, Chacko S, da Silva VR, Marini JC, Gregory JF 3rd, Stabler SP, Burrin DG. B-vitamin deficiency is protective against DSS-induced colitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 301: G249-G259, 2011. First published May 19, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00076.2011.-Vitamin deficiencies are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Homocysteine (Hcys) is a thrombogenic amino acid produced from methionine (Met), and its increase in patients with IBD indicates a disruption of Met metabolism; however, the role of Hcys and Met metabolism in IBD is not well understood. We hypothesized that disrupted Met metabolism from a B-vitamin-deficient diet would exacerbate experimental colitis. Mice were fed a B(6)-B(12)-deficient or control diet for 2 wk and then treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. We monitored disease activity during DSS treatment and collected plasma and tissue for analysis of inflammatory tissue injury and Met metabolites. We also quantified Met cycle activity by measurements of in vivo Met kinetics using [1-(13)C-methyl-(2)H(3)] methionine infusion in similarly treated mice. Unexpectedly, we found that mice given the B-vitamin-deficient diet had improved clinical outcomes, including increased survival, weight maintenance, and reduced disease scores. We also found lower histological disease activity and proinflammatory gene expression (TNF-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase) in the colon in deficient-diet mice. Metabolomic analysis showed evidence that these effects were associated with deficient B(6), as markers of B(12) function were only mildly altered. In vivo methionine kinetics corroborated these results, showing that the deficient diet suppressed transsulfuration but increased remethylation. Our findings suggest that disrupted Met metabolism attributable to B(6) deficiency reduces the inflammatory response and disease activity in DSS-challenged mice. These results warrant further human clinical studies to determine whether B(6) deficiency and elevated Hcys in patients with IBD contribute to disease pathobiology. C1 [Benight, Nancy M.; Stoll, Barbara; Chacko, Shaji; Marini, Juan C.; Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [da Silva, Vanessa R.; Gregory, Jesse F., III] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stabler, Sally P.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Med, Aurora, CO USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.edu OI Benight, Nancy/0000-0001-7321-3187; Gregory, Jesse/0000-0002-9976-2085 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001]; Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH) [P30 DK-56338] FX This work was supported by federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6-001, and the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (NIH Grant P30 DK-56338). NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 301 IS 2 BP G249 EP G259 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00076.2011 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 798BC UT WOS:000293174800007 PM 21596995 ER PT J AU Kufel, JSZ Resnick, BA Fox, MA McGready, J Yager, JP Burke, TA AF Kufel, Joanna S. Zablotsky Resnick, Beth A. Fox, Mary A. McGready, John Yager, James P. Burke, Thomas A. TI The Impact of Local Environmental Health Capacity on Foodborne Illness Morbidity in Maryland SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RESTAURANT; DISEASE; OUTBREAKS; AGENTS AB Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between local food protection capacity and service provision in Maryland's 24 local food protection programs (FPPs) and incidence of foodborne illness at the county level. Methods. We conducted regression analyses to determine the relationship between foodborne illness and local FPP characteristics. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Food Net and Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene outbreak data set, along with data on Maryland's local FPP capacity (workforce size and experience levels, budget) and service provision (food service facility inspections, public notification programs). Results. Counties with higher capacity, such as larger workforce, higher budget, and greater employee experience, had fewer foodborne illnesses. Counties with better performance and county-level regulations, such as high food service facility inspection rates and requiring certified food manager programs, respectively, had lower rates of illness. Conclusions. Counties with strong local food protection capacity and services can protect the public from foodborne illness. Research on public health services can enhance our understanding of the food protection infrastructure, and the effectiveness of food protection programs in preventing foodborne illness. (Am J Public Health. 2011;101:1495-1500. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300137) C1 [Kufel, Joanna S. Zablotsky] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Resnick, Beth A.; Fox, Mary A.; Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. [McGready, John] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Yager, James P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kufel, JSZ (reprint author), 901 D St SW,Room 303, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM joanna.zablotsky-kufel@fsis.usda.gov FU US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality National Research Service FX This research was supported by a US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality National Research Service Award Institutional Training Grant to the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 8 BP 1495 EP 1500 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300137 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 797SD UT WOS:000293149500029 ER PT J AU Donnelly, RE Katzner, T Gordon, IJ Gompper, ME Redpath, S Garner, TWJ Altwegg, R Reed, DH Acevedo-Whitehouse, K Pettorelli, N AF Donnelly, R. E. Katzner, T. Gordon, I. J. Gompper, M. E. Redpath, S. Garner, T. W. J. Altwegg, R. Reed, D. H. Acevedo-Whitehouse, K. Pettorelli, N. TI Putting the eco back in ecotourism SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; CONSERVATION; REDUCTION; RESERVE C1 [Donnelly, R. E.] Oglethorpe Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30319 USA. [Katzner, T.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, T.] USDA, Forest Serv, Timber andWatershed Lab, Parsons, WV USA. [Gordon, I. J.] James Hutton Inst, Dundee, Scotland. [Gompper, M. E.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. [Redpath, S.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen Ctr Environm Sustainabil ACES, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Redpath, S.] Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Garner, T. W. J.; Acevedo-Whitehouse, K.; Pettorelli, N.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Altwegg, R.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, Claremont, South Africa. [Altwegg, R.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, Anim Demog Unit, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Reed, D. H.] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Donnelly, RE (reprint author), Oglethorpe Univ, Dept Biol, 4484 Peachtree Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30319 USA. EM rdonnelly@oglethorpe.edu RI Redpath, Steve/B-4640-2012; Gordon, Iain/K-8636-2012; OI Redpath, Steve/0000-0001-5399-9477; Gordon, Iain/0000-0001-9704-0946; Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00468.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 798AW UT WOS:000293173900001 ER PT J AU Fortuna, AM Marsh, TL Honeycutt, CW Halteman, WA AF Fortuna, Ann-Marie Marsh, Terence L. Honeycutt, C. Wayne Halteman, William A. TI Use of primer selection and restriction enzymes to assess bacterial community diversity in an agricultural soil used for potato production via terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacterial community diversity; T-RFLP; 63F; 8-27F ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WEB-BASED TOOL; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; T-RFLP; GENES; AMPLIFICATION; PCR; PROGRAM; DNA; ORGANIZATION AB Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) can be used to assess how land use management changes the dominant members of bacterial communities. We compared T-RFLP profiles obtained via amplification with forward primers (27, 63F) each coupled with the fluorescently labeled reverse primer (1392R) and multiple restriction enzymes to determine the best combination for interrogating soil bacterial populations in an agricultural soil used for potato production. Both primer pairs provide nearly universal recognition of a 1,400-bp sequence of the bacterial domain in the V(1)-V(3) region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene relative to known sequences. Labeling the reverse primer allowed for direct comparison of each forward primer and the terminal restriction fragments' relative migration units obtained with each primer pair and restriction enzyme. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and nested multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to assess the effects of primer pair and choice of restriction enzyme on the measured relative migration units. Our research indicates that the 63F-1392R amplimer pair provides a more complete description with respect to the bacterial communities present in this potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation over seeded to crimson clover (Trifolium praense L.). Domain-specific 16S rRNA gene primers are rigorously tested to determine their ability to amplify across a target region of the gene. Yet, variability within or between T-RFLP profiles can result from factors independent of the primer pair. Therefore, researchers should use RDA and MANOVA analyses to evaluate the effects that additional laboratory and environmental variables have on bacterial diversity. C1 [Fortuna, Ann-Marie] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Marsh, Terence L.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Honeycutt, C. Wayne] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Halteman, William A.] Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Fortuna, AM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM afortuna@wsu.edu RI Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012 FU Congressional appropriations to the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service FX Funding for this project was provided from Congressional appropriations to the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. The authors would like to thank Dr. Ronald Turco of Purdue University for his editorial advice and constructive suggestions. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1202 DI 10.1007/s00253-011-3363-7 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 798TO UT WOS:000293235300032 PM 21667276 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, JTJ Roenhorst, JW Owens, RA AF Verhoeven, J. Th. J. Roenhorst, J. W. Owens, R. A. TI Mexican papita viroid and tomato planta macho viroid belong to a single species in the genus Pospiviroid SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SPINDLE; ALIGNMENT; RNA AB Tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd) and Mexican papita viroid (MPVd) are two closely related (> 90% sequence identity) members of the genus Pospiviroid. Their current status as members of separate species is based upon the reported ability of TPMVd to replicate in Gomphrena globosa and the inability of this viroid to evoke flower break in N. glutinosa. Characterization of a viroid recently isolated from diseased tomato plants grown in Mexico (identical to GenBank accession GQ131573) casts doubt on this earlier report and indicates that these viroids should be classified as members of a single species. Giving priority to the older name, we propose including both of these viroids in the current species Tomato planta macho viroid. C1 [Verhoeven, J. Th. J.; Roenhorst, J. W.] Plant Protect Serv, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. [Owens, R. A.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Verhoeven, JTJ (reprint author), Plant Protect Serv, POB 9102, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. EM j.th.j.verhoeven@minlnv.nl OI Verhoeven, Ko/0000-0002-7362-3079 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 156 IS 8 BP 1433 EP 1437 DI 10.1007/s00705-011-0975-2 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 798TW UT WOS:000293236100013 PM 21442229 ER PT J AU Yang, YQ Yang, M Li, MH Jia, Y Zhang, DT Zhou, EX AF Yang, Y. Q. Yang, M. Li, M. H. Jia, Y. Zhang, D. T. Zhou, E. X. TI Isolation and Characterization of a Phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani: The Causal Agent of Rice Sheath Blight SO ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rice sheath blight; Rhizoctonia solani; Phytotoxin; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Saccharide ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; PHENYLACETIC ACID; AG-1 IA; PATHOGEN; ANASTOMOSIS; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEX; GENE AB To isolate and characterize the bioactive components of the Rs-toxin produced by the rice sheath blight pathogen R. solani, various extraction and purification methods, several chemical reactions, ultraviolet- and visible-wavelength light scanning, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analyses, were used. The leaf floating soakage method was established for evaluating the phytotoxicity of Rs-toxin. The results of Molish's reaction, ninhydrin test and Fehling's reaction suggested that the bioactive components of Rs-toxin were carbohydrates other than amino acids or proteins. By using GC/MS technique, the partially purified Rs-toxin was found to contain six saccharides. By means of peak area normalization, the relative amounts of these six saccharides were calculated. The result of LC/MS/MS indicated that neither phenylacetic acid nor its derivatives was detected in Rs-toxin. Taken together, it was concluded that Rs-toxin consists of six saccharides and has obvious maceration effects on ice leaf tissues. C1 [Yang, Y. Q.; Yang, M.; Li, M. H.; Zhang, D. T.; Zhou, E. X.] S China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jia, Y.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Zhou, EX (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM exzhou@scau.edu.cn FU Ministry of Agriculture of China [nyhyzx3-16] FX The authors are grateful to the China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou, China (http://www.fenxi.com.cn/) for its technical and mass spectrometer facility support and to USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center for continued cooperation. The authors would also like to thank Amy Whittington at Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by a 'Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest' (nyhyzx3-16) from the Ministry of Agriculture of China awarded to E.X. Zhou. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY PI SAHIBABAD PA 11/100 RAJENDRA NAGAR, SECTOR 3,, SAHIBABAD 201 005, GHAZIABAD, INDIA SN 0970-7077 J9 ASIAN J CHEM JI Asian J. Chem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 23 IS 8 BP 3500 EP 3508 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 798HM UT WOS:000293193400045 ER PT J AU Ai, M Otokozawa, S Asztalos, BF White, CC Cupples, LA Nakajima, K Lamon-Fava, S Wilson, PW Matsuzawa, Y Schaefer, EJ AF Ai, Masumi Otokozawa, Seiko Asztalos, Bela F. White, Charles C. Cupples, L. Adrienne Nakajima, Katsuyuki Lamon-Fava, Stefania Wilson, Peter W. Matsuzawa, Yuji Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Adiponectin: An independent risk factor for coronary heart disease in men in the Framingham offspring Study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Adiponectin; Coronary heart disease; Risk factor; Framingham offspring Study; Obesity ID TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; ARTERY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; PLASMA-PROTEIN; OLDER MEN; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB Objective: Our aim was to determine whether plasma adiponectin levels were an independent predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods and results: Plasma adiponectin levels were measured in 3188 male and female participants from cycle 6 of the Framingham offspring Study (mean age: 57 years in both men and women; BMI: 28.5 kg/m(2) in men and 27.3 kg/m(2) in women), using a novel fully automated assay. Plasma adiponectin levels (median [25th percentile, 75th percentile]) were significantly higher in female than in male CHD-free subjects (14.8 [10.7,20.5] mu g/ml versus 9.0 [7.0,12.2] mu g/ml, p < 0.001). Participants were followed for a mean of 7.5 years. After adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension, diabetes, use of cholesterol-lowering medication, total cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and C-reactive protein levels, a higher plasma adiponectin level was a significant predictor of lower risk of future CHD events (n = 117) in men (HR 0.49, p < 0.0022). A similar trend was observed in women, but was no longer significant after multivariate adjustments. Conclusions: Our data indicate that plasma adiponectin levels are an independent predictor of CHD in Caucasian men initially free of CHD. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [White, Charles C.; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne; Wilson, Peter W.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Matsuzawa, Yuji] Sumitomo Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Osaka, Japan. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan; Kyowa Medex co., Tokyo, Japan; National Institutes of Health [R01 HL-60935, HL 74753, PO50HL083813]; United States Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-3K-06]; NHLBI [N01-HC 25195]; National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD [HL 60935] FX Funding: M. A. was supported by a research fellowship from Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan, and S.O. was supported by a research fellowship from Kyowa Medex co., Tokyo, Japan, respectively. B.F.A. and E.J.S. were supported by grants R01 HL-60935, HL 74753 and PO50HL083813 from the National Institutes of Health and contract 53-3K-06 from the United States Department of Agriculture Research Service. L.A.C. and C.C.W. were supported by NHLBI N01-HC 25195 and HL 60935 from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD. K.N. served as a consultant for Otsuka Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, who also supplied the adiponectin and insulin assay kits used in this study. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2011 VL 217 IS 2 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.05.035 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 798MT UT WOS:000293212400039 PM 21741045 ER PT J AU Trabue, S Scoggin, K McConnell, L Maghirang, R Razote, E Hatfield, J AF Trabue, Steven Scoggin, Kenwood McConnell, Laura Maghirang, Ronaldo Razote, Edna Hatfield, Jerry TI Identifying and tracking key odorants from cattle feedlots SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; CAFO; Gas chromatography-olfactometry; Odor; VOC ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SWINE MANURE; ODOROUS COMPONENTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; FATTY-ACIDS; OLFACTOMETRY; OPERATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; HEALTH AB Odors from cattle feedlots can negatively affect air quality in local communities. Our objectives were the following: 1) identify key odor-causing compounds using odor activity values (OAVs) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) techniques; 2) compare odor threshold values from published databases; and 3) track the movement of odors from a cattle feedlot to receptor community. Odorous compounds emitted from a cattle feedlot were sampled on-site, 250 m downwind and 3.2 km downwind using both sorbent tubes and denuders. Sorbent tubes were analyzed by both GC-MS and GC-MS-O and key odorants determined using both OAV and GC-Surface Nasal Impact Frequency (SNIF) analysis, while denuders were analyzed by ion chromatography. Odorant concentrations had a diurnal pattern with peak concentrations during early morning and late evening periods. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were the most abundant of the major odorants. Odorants with concentrations above their odor threshold values at the feedlot included amines, VFAs, phenol compounds, and indole compounds. Key odorants at the feedlot were VFAs and phenol compounds, but their relative importance diminished with downwind distance. Indole compounds, while not the key odorants at the feedlot, increased in relative importance downwind of the feedlot. In general, the odorous compounds identified by GC-SNIF and OAV as having fecal/manure nature were similar. GC-SNIF was the more sensitive analytical technique: it identified several compounds that may have contributed to the unpleasantness of the cattle feedlot odor, but its throughput was extremely low thereby limiting its usefulness. There is a need to improve field sampling devices and odor threshold databases to enhance understanding and confidence in evaluating odors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Trabue, Steven; Scoggin, Kenwood; Hatfield, Jerry] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McConnell, Laura] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Maghirang, Ronaldo; Razote, Edna] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Trabue, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 FU USDA NIFA [2007-35112-17853]; USDA-ARS FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful editorial comments and discussions of the manuscript and feedlot managers and operators for their cooperation. This work was supported through internal funded at USDA-ARS and grants from the USDA NIFA (Grant No. 2007-35112-17853). NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 45 IS 25 BP 4243 EP 4251 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.081 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797EP UT WOS:000293107600015 ER PT J AU Gao, S Pflaum, T Qin, R AF Gao, S. Pflaum, T. Qin, R. TI Trapping efficiency of 1,3-dichloropropene isomers by XAD-4 sorbent tubes for air sampling SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Soil fumigants; Emissions; Volatile organic compounds ID CHLOROPICRIN AB Emission monitoring is necessary to evaluate the impact of air pollutants such as soil fumigants on the environment. Quantifying fumigant emissions often involves the use of air sampling tubes filled with sorbents to trap fumigants. 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) are being increasingly used in combination in soil fumigation since the phase-out of methyl bromide. Charcoal and XAD-4 resins are used for trapping 1,3-D and CP, respectively. If one sampling tube can trap both chemicals, the number of samples, the amount of work, and associated costs can be significantly reduced. The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of XAD-4 sorbent tubes for trapping cis- and trans-1,3-D isomers as a function of flow rate (100-1000 ml min(-1)) and sampling time period (10-360 min). The results showed that XAD-4 could trap both 1,3-D isomers as efficiently as charcoal, but breakthrough occurred depending on the amount of sorbent materials in a tube, fumigant amount, flow rate and sampling time period. No significant breakthrough was observed from either small (120 mg) or large (600 mg) XAD-4 sorbent tubes over short sampling time periods (<= 30 min) at any flow rate. Longer sampling period at low flow rates (100 ml min-1) resulted in >= 50% breakthrough from the small tubes during a 3 h sampling period; but no remarkable breakthrough from the large XAD-4 tubes up to 6 h sampling period when 3.0 mg 1,3-D isomers were tested. Field data showed agreement with laboratory tests. At high flow rates (1000 ml min-1), >40% breakthrough was observed from large XAD-4 sorbent tubes during 3 h trapping tests suggesting that short sampling time intervals are necessary to avoid potential breakthrough of fumigants from the sampling tubes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gao, S.; Pflaum, T.; Qin, R.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Qin, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Suduan.Gao@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 45 IS 25 BP 4322 EP 4327 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.075 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797EP UT WOS:000293107600024 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Houtman, CJ Kim, HY Choi, IG Jeffries, TW AF Lee, Jae-Won Houtman, Carl J. Kim, Hye-Yun Choi, In-Gyu Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Scale-up study of oxalic acid pretreatment of agricultural lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scale-up; Oxalic acid pretreatment; Hydrolysate; Ethanol production ID FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; ETHANOL FERMENTATION; CORN STOVER; HYDROLYSIS; XYLOSE; SACCHARIFICATION; CONVERSION; WOOD AB Building on our laboratory-scale optimization, oxalic acid was used to pretreat corncobs on the pilot-scale. The hydrolysate obtained after washing the pretreated biomass contained 32.55 g/l of xylose, 2.74 g/l of glucose and low concentrations of inhibitors. Ethanol production, using Scheffersomyces stipitis, from this hydrolysate was 10.3 g/l, which approached the predicted value of 11.9 g/l. Diafiltration using a membrane system effectively reduced acetic acid in the hydrolysate, which increased the fermentation rate. The hemicellulose content of the recovered solids decreased from 27.86% before pretreatment to only 6.76% after pretreatment. Most of the cellulose remained in the pretreated biomass. The highest ethanol production after simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of washed biomass with S. stipitis was 21.1 g/l. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, Program BK21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Bioenergy Res Ctr, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Houtman, Carl J.; Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kim, Hye-Yun; Choi, In-Gyu] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Lee, JW (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, Program BK21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM ljw43376@chonnam.ac.kr RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012; Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0018393] FX This work was supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Project No. 2011-0018393) to J.-W. Lee. We thank Frederick J. Matt of the Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Laboratory of the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for carrying out the carbohydrate determination. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 102 IS 16 BP 7451 EP 7456 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.022 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 798KN UT WOS:000293204700011 PM 21632241 ER PT J AU Karaaslan, MA Tshabalala, MA Yelle, DJ Buschle-Diller, G AF Karaaslan, Muzaffer Ahmet Tshabalala, Mandla A. Yelle, Daniel J. Buschle-Diller, Gisela TI Nanoreinforced biocompatible hydrogels from wood hemicelluloses and cellulose whiskers SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Hemicellulose; Cellulose whiskers; PHEMA; Hydrogel; Articular cartilage ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGELS; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; RENEWABLE SOURCES; IN-SITU; XYLOGLUCAN; CLAY; POLYMERIZATION; COMPRESSION AB Nanoreinforced hydrogels with a unique network structure were prepared from wood cellulose whiskers coated with chemically modified wood hemicelluloses. The hemicelluloses were modified with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate prior to adsorption onto the cellulose whiskers in aqueous medium. Synthesis of the hydrogels was accomplished by in situ radical polymerization of the methacrylic groups of the adsorbed coating to form a network of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) matrix reinforced with cellulose whiskers. The mechanical, swelling and viscoelastic properties, of water-swollen hydrogels were investigated. Results indicated that the number of effective crosslinks between polymer chains and the average chain length between crosslinking points was significantly different from PHEMA hydrogels that had been crosslinked by a conventional chemical method, using a cross-linking agent. The resulting hydrogels had enhanced toughness, increased viscoelasticity, and improved recovery behavior. With respect to the mechanical and swelling properties, it can be hypothesized that these nanoreinforced PHEMA hydrogels have potential for use in load-bearing biomedical applications such as articular cartilage replacement. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Karaaslan, Muzaffer Ahmet; Buschle-Diller, Gisela] Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tshabalala, Mandla A.; Yelle, Daniel J.] USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Buschle-Diller, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM buschgi@auburn.edu FU Wood Education and Resource Center (WERC) FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Wood Education and Resource Center (WERC). NR 49 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.030 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 797HK UT WOS:000293114900025 ER PT J AU Jiang, LF Pan, SK Kim, JM AF Jiang, Longfa Pan, Saikun Kim, Jin Moon TI Influence of nitrogen source on chitosan production carried out by Absidia coerulea CTCC AF 93105 SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Soybean pomace; Nitrogen source; Chitosan; Absidia coerulea ID SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION; FUNGAL CHITOSAN; EXTRACTION; CHITIN AB In the production of chitosan employing Absidia coerulea CTCC AF 93105, effect of different nitrogen sources in the medium containing soybean pomace, (NH(4))(2)SO(4), NaNO(3), urea, or (NH(4))(2)CO(3) on cell dry weight, chitosan molecular weight, chitosan production, and fermentation time for the maximum production of chitosan was investigated. Cell dry weight and the production of chitosan were greater with soybean pomace compared those with other nitrogen sources. The highest cell dry weight and production of chitosan by A. coerulea CTCC AF 93105 was 21.38 g L(-1) and 5.88 g L(-1), respectively, with soybean pomace whereas those with (NH(4))(2)SO(4) was 9.38 g L(-1) and 3.14 g L(-1), respectively. Chitosan molecular weight was also affected by the nitrogen source in the medium and was higher with soybean pomace than that with any other nitrogen sources. The optimum fermentation time for chitosan production was also affected by the nitrogen source in the medium. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Jin Moon] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, USDA, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Jiang, Longfa; Pan, Saikun] HuaiHai Inst Technol, Sch Food Engn, Lianyungang 222005, Peoples R China. RP Kim, JM (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, USDA, 230 Washington Ave Extens, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM jinkimnh@yahoo.com NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 359 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.045 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 797HK UT WOS:000293114900050 ER PT J AU Mockrin, MH Redford, KH AF Mockrin, Miranda H. Redford, Kent H. TI Potential for spatial management of hunted mammal populations in tropical forests SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Hunting; source-sink; tropical forests; marine reserve; bushmeat ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SOURCE-SINK SYSTEMS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; SMALL-SCALE; RESERVES; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; SUSTAINABILITY; NETWORKS AB Unsustainable hunting in tropical forests threatens biodiversity and rural livelihoods, yet managing these harvests in remote forests with low scientific capacity and funding is challenging. In response, some conservationists propose managing harvests through spatial management, a system of establishing no-take zones where hunting is not allowed. Spatial management was commonly used in customary management and is increasingly used for fisheries management today, but is not yet widely implemented in tropical forests. Through this review, we trace the development of spatial management and examine its proposed benefits in tropical forests. We find that while spatial management offers promise for managing the complex, multispecies harvests common in tropical forests, designing no-take zones will require more investment in ecological research and monitoring. Given these challenges, a reasonable first goal of no-take zones is to protect resident wildlife populations, not enhance harvests through dispersal. A greater understanding of socioeconomic impacts will also be required to ensure successful implementation. Past work in marine fisheries offers valuable insights for management in tropical forests, and greater integration between the bodies of literature should be pursued. C1 [Mockrin, Miranda H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Redford, Kent H.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Mockrin, MH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mmockrin@gmail.com FU Wildlife Conservation Society-Congo; NSF; Columbia University; American Society of Mammalogists; Roger Williams Zoo FX M.H.M was supported by Wildlife Conservation Society-Congo, an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, a Columbia University Dissertation Fellowship, the American Society of Mammalogists, and the Roger Williams Zoo during dissertation research. Insightful feedback from three anonymous reviewers and the editor improved this review. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD AUG-SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00173.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 798SV UT WOS:000293233200002 ER PT J AU Okada, M Lanzatella, C Tobias, CM AF Okada, Miki Lanzatella, Christina Tobias, Christian M. TI Single-locus EST-SSR markers for characterization of population genetic diversity and structure across ploidy levels in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Cultivar identification; Microsatellite marker; Panicum virgatum; Polyploidy; Population genetic diversity ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CHLOROPLAST DNA POLYMORPHISMS; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; NORTH-AMERICA; CULTIVARS; INFERENCE; NUMBER; REGISTRATION; INDIVIDUALS; INHERITANCE AB Polyploidy, ploidal variation between populations, and aneuploidy within some populations complicate population genetic analyses in switchgrass. We report 21 genic-simple sequence repeat marker loci with single-locus disomic segregation in tetraploids and apparently tetrasomic inheritance in octoploids, thus allowing population genetic analyses across ploidy levels. Based on 472 individuals sampled over four tetraploid and eight octoploid cultivars, six to 55 alleles were detected per locus with an average of 24.1. Genetic diversity was greater in octoploids than tetraploids, as expected from polysomic inheritance. One tetraploid cultivar displayed comparable diversity to the least diverse octoploid cultivars, suggesting breeding history or population history in the native stands of origin may have also affected within-cultivar diversity. Amplicon number at each locus and population relationships suggest autopolyploid origin of octoploids within upland tetraploids with significant cultivar differentiation. However, model-based Bayesian clustering of individuals indicated that closely related octoploid cultivars are difficult to identify, possibly due to slowed differentiation by polysomic inheritance. The analysis of the sampling effect indicated addition of loci is more effective for cultivar identification than more individuals sampled per cultivar. Discriminating power of loci tended to correlate with their variability. The eight loci with greatest discriminatory power within tetraploids were equally successful as 20 loci at identifying the four tetraploid cultivars. The set of markers reported in this study are useful for characterization of switchgrass germplasm and identifying population structure for association studies. C1 [Okada, Miki; Lanzatella, Christina; Tobias, Christian M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM christian.tobias@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 6 BP 919 EP 931 DI 10.1007/s10722-010-9631-z PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 797OD UT WOS:000293136300012 ER PT J AU Heckman, K Vazquez-Ortega, A Gao, XD Chorover, J Rasmussen, C AF Heckman, Katherine Vazquez-Ortega, Angelica Gao, Xiaodong Chorover, Jon Rasmussen, Craig TI Changes in water extractable organic matter during incubation of forest floor material in the presence of quartz, goethite and gibbsite surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; FULVIC-ACID; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS EXTRACTS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CARBON STORAGE; MINERAL SOIL AB The release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from forest floor material constitutes a significant flux of C to the mineral soil in temperate forest ecosystems, with estimates on the order of 120-500 kg C ha(-1) year(-1). Interaction of DOM with minerals and metals results in sorptive fractionation and stabilization of OM within the soil profile. Iron and aluminum oxides, in particular, have a significant effect on the quantity and quality of DOM transported through forest soils due to their high surface area and the toxic effects of dissolved aluminum on microbial communities. We directly examined these interactions by incubating forest floor material, including native microbiota, for 154 days in the presence of (1) goethite (alpha-FeOOH), (2) gibbsite (gamma-Al(OH)(3)), and (3) quartz (alpha-SiO(2)) sand (as a control). Changes in molecular and thermal properties of water extractable organic matter (WEOM, as a proxy for DOM) were evaluated. WEOM was harvested on days 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 154, and examined by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Results indicated significant differences in WEOM quality among treatments, though the way in which oxide surfaces influenced WEOM properties did not seem to change significantly with increasing incubation time. Dissolved organic C concentrations were significantly lower in WEOM from the oxide treatments in comparison to the control treatment. Incubation with goethite produced WEOM with mid-to-high-range thermal lability that was depleted in both protein and fatty acids relative to the control. The average enthalpy of WEOM from the goethite treatment was significantly higher than either the gibbsite or control treatment, suggesting that interaction with goethite surfaces increases the energy content of WEOM. Incubation with gibbsite produced WEOM rich in thermally recalcitrant and carboxyl-rich compounds in comparison to the control treatment. These data indicate that interaction of WEOM with oxide surfaces significantly influences the composition of WEOM and that oxides play an important role in determining the biogeochemistry of forest soil DOM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heckman, Katherine] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr AMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Vazquez-Ortega, Angelica; Gao, Xiaodong; Chorover, Jon; Rasmussen, Craig] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Heckman, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr AMS, L-397,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kaheckman@fs.fed.us RI Gao, Xiaodong/C-5291-2012 OI Gao, Xiaodong/0000-0001-8568-0030 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0543130] FX This work was supported by a Grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB 0543130). Many thanks to Dr. Mary Kay Amistadi and Selene Hernandez Ruiz for their generous assistance with HPLC and ICP-MS measurements and Dr. Mercer Meding for his expert guidance and assistance with TG/DTA measurements. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Jack Middelburg and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful edits and suggestions which greatly improved the quality of this paper. NR 96 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 15 BP 4295 EP 4309 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.009 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 796ZR UT WOS:000293092500014 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Handy, DE Wang, YF Bouchard, G Selhub, J Loscalzo, J Carey, MC AF Zhang, Ji Handy, Diane E. Wang, Yufang Bouchard, Guylaine Selhub, Jacob Loscalzo, Joseph Carey, Martin C. TI Hyperhomocysteinemia from Trimethylation of Hepatic Phosphatidylethanolamine During Cholesterol Cholelithogenesis in Inbred Mice SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BILIARY LIPID SECRETION; N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; PHOSPHOLIPID METHYLATION; LITH GENES; FOLIC-ACID; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; DETERMINE SUSCEPTIBILITY; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; CANALICULAR MEMBRANE AB Because hyperhomocysteinemia can occur in cholesterol gallstone disease, we hypothesized that this may result from trimethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which partakes in biliary phosphatidylcholine (PC) hypersecretion during cholesterol cholelithogenesis. We fed murine strains C57L/J, C57BL/6J, SWR/J, AKR/J, PE N-methyltransferase (PEMT) knockout (KO), PEMT heterozygous (HET), and wildtype (WT) mice a cholesterol/cholic acid lithogenic diet (LD) for up to 56 days and documented biliary lipid phase transitions and secretion rates. We quantified plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and vitamin B(12) in plasma and liver, as well as biliary tHcy and cysteine secretion rates. Rate-limiting enzyme activities of PC synthesis, PEMT and cytidine triphosphate: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCT), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured in liver homogenates. Other potential sources of plasma tHcy, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), were assayed by gene expression. Plasma tHcy and PEMT activities became elevated during cholelithogenesis in gallstone-susceptible C57L, C57BL/6, and SWR mice but not in the gallstone-resistant AKR mice. Persisting in C57L mice, which exhibit the greatest Lith gene burden, these increases were accompanied by elevated hepatic SAM/SAH ratios and augmented biliary tHcy secretion rates. Counter-regulation included remethylation of Hcy to methionine concurrent with decreased folate and vitamin B(12) levels and Hcy transsulfuration to cysteine. Concomitantly, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr), betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (Bhmt), and cystathionine-beta-synthase (Cbs) were up-regulated, but Gnmt and Gamt genes were down-regulated. PEMT KO and HET mice displayed biliary lipid secretion rates and high gallstone prevalence rates similar to WT mice without any elevation in plasma tHcy levels. Conclusion: This work implicates up-regulation of PC synthesis by the PEMT pathway as a source of elevated plasma and bile tHcy during cholesterol cholelithogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;54:697-706) C1 [Zhang, Ji; Bouchard, Guylaine; Carey, Martin C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gastroenterol,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Handy, Diane E.; Loscalzo, Joseph] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wang, Yufang] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc Res,Mol Pathol Unit, Charlestown, MA USA. [Wang, Yufang] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Syst Biol, Charlestown, MA USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Carey, MC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gastroenterol,Dept Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mccarey@rics.bwh.harvard.edu RI Zhang, Ji /C-7583-2013 FU NIH (USPHS) [DK36588, HL61795, HL81587, HL70819, HL48743, HL89734]; USDA [1950-51520-008-00D, 58-1950-9-001] FX Supported in part by NIH (USPHS) grants: DK36588, HL61795, HL81587, HL70819, HL48743, HL89734; and USDA agreements: 1950-51520-008-00D and 58-1950-9-001. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 697 EP 706 DI 10.1002/hep.24428 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 800BT UT WOS:000293333300032 PM 21567442 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Goodman, CL Song, QS AF Stanley, David Goodman, Cynthia L. Song, Qisheng TI Prostaglandins Alter Protein Phosphorylation Levels in the Insect Cell Line BCIRL-HzAM1 SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanley, David; Goodman, Cynthia L.] USDA ARS BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Song, Qisheng] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci Entomol, Columbia, MO USA. EM cindy.goodman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 7 BP 510 EP 510 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 797OI UT WOS:000293136800023 ER PT J AU Burdick, NC Carroll, JA Hulbert, LE Dailey, JW Ballou, MA Randel, RD Willard, ST Vann, RC Welsh, TH AF Burdick, Nicole C. Carroll, Jeffery A. Hulbert, Lindsey E. Dailey, Jeffery W. Ballou, Michael A. Randel, Ronald D. Willard, Scott T. Vann, Rhonda C. Welsh, Thomas H., Jr. TI Temperament influences endotoxin-induced changes in rectal temperature, sickness behavior, and plasma epinephrine concentrations in bulls SO INNATE IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE bulls; cortisol; epinephrine; lipopolysaccharide; temperament ID DOSE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE CHALLENGE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; FEEDLOT CATTLE; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; BRAHMAN BULLS; BEEF STEERS; RESPONSES; STRESS; CORTISOL AB This study was designed to determine the influence of temperament on endotoxin-induced changes in body temperature, sickness behavior, and stress hormone concentrations in cattle. Brahman bulls were selected based on temperament score measured 28 d prior to weaning. In dwelling recording devices were used to monitor rectal temperature, and jugular catheters were used to collect blood samples to determine cortisol and epinephrine concentrations before and after LPS administration (0.5 mg/kg body weight). Temperamental bulls had the lowest peak rectal temperature and sickness behavior scores relative to the Calm and Intermediate bulls. Prior to the administration of LPS, Temperamental bulls had greater cortisol and epinephrine concentrations than Calm or Intermediate bulls. Cortisol concentrations increased following LPS administration but were not affected by temperament. Epinephrine concentrations peaked 1 h after LPS administration in Calm bulls. Temperamental bulls did not exhibit an epinephrine response to LPS challenge. These data demonstrate that the temperament of calves can modulate the physiological, behavioral, and endocrine responses of pre-pubertal Brahman bulls to endotoxin challenge. Specifically, temperament differentially affected the rectal temperature, sickness behavior and epinephrine, but not cortisol, responses to LPS challenge. C1 [Burdick, Nicole C.; Carroll, Jeffery A.; Hulbert, Lindsey E.; Dailey, Jeffery W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Burdick, Nicole C.; Welsh, Thomas H., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Burdick, Nicole C.; Welsh, Thomas H., Jr.] Texas AgriLife Res, College Stn, TX USA. [Ballou, Michael A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Randel, Ronald D.] Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Overton, TX USA. [Willard, Scott T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Raymond, MS USA. [Vann, Rhonda C.] Mississippi State Univ, Brown Loam Branch, Expt Stn, Raymond, MS USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Route 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff.carroll@ars.usda.gov FU Texas A&M AgriLife Research; USDA-NRI-CSREES [2005-01671]; USDA SG [2006-34564-1700] FX This study was supported in part by Texas A&M AgriLife Research, USDA-NRI-CSREES Grant 2005-01671 and USDA SG 2006-34564-1700. NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1753-4259 J9 INNATE IMMUN-LONDON JI Innate Immun. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 17 IS 4 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1177/1753425910379144 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA 798ZK UT WOS:000293251200001 PM 20682590 ER PT J AU Skulas-Ray, AC Kris-Etherton, PM Teeter, DL Chen, CYO Heuvel, JPV West, SG AF Skulas-Ray, Ann C. Kris-Etherton, Penny M. Teeter, Danette L. Chen, C-Y. Oliver Heuvel, John P. Vanden West, Sheila G. TI A High Antioxidant Spice Blend Attenuates Postprandial Insulin and Triglyceride Responses and Increases Some Plasma Measures of Antioxidant Activity in Healthy, Overweight Men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; NF-KAPPA-B; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR TARGETS; IN-VITRO; POLYPHENOLS; INFLAMMATION; GLUCOSE; LIPIDS; ASSAY AB There is much interest in the potential of dietary antioxidants to attenuate in vivo oxidative stress, but little characterization of the time course of plasma effects exists. Culinary spices have demonstrated potent in vitro antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to examine whether adding 14 g of a high antioxidant spice blend to a 5060-kJ (1200 kcal) meal exerted significant postprandial effects on markers of plasma antioxidant status and metabolism. Healthy overweight men (n = 6) consumed a control and spiced meal in a randomized crossover design with 1 wk between testing sessions. Blood was sampled prior to the meal and at 30-min intervals for 3.5 h (total of 8 samples). Mixed linear models demonstrated a treatment x time interaction (P < 0.05) for insulin and TG, corresponding with 21 and 31% reductions in postprandial levels with the spiced meal, respectively. Adding spices to the meal significantly increased the ferric reducing antioxidant power, such that postprandial increases following the spiced meal were 2-fold greater than after the control meal (P = 0.009). The hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of plasma also was increased by spices (P = 0.02). There were no treatment differences in glucose, total thiols, lipophilic ORAC, or total ORAC. The incorporation of spices into the diet may help normalize postprandial insulin and TG and enhance antioxidant defenses. J. Nutr. 141: 1451-1457, 2011. C1 [Skulas-Ray, Ann C.; Kris-Etherton, Penny M.; West, Sheila G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Teeter, Danette L.; West, Sheila G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biobehav Hlth, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Heuvel, John P. Vanden] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chen, C-Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP West, SG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sgw2@psu.edu FU McCormick Science Institute; NIH [M01 RR 10732] FX Supported by the McCormick Science Institute, which had no role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. The General Clinical Research Center of the Pennsylvania State University was supported by NIH grant M01 RR 10732. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 141 IS 8 BP 1451 EP 1457 DI 10.3945/jn.111.138966 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 796KE UT WOS:000293049400006 PM 21697300 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Yan, L Cheng, WH Uthus, EO AF Zeng, Huawei Yan, Lin Cheng, Wen-Hsing Uthus, Eric O. TI Dietary Selenomethionine Increases Exon-Specific DNA Methylation of the p53 Gene in Rat Liver and Colon Mucosa SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ABERRANT CRYPT FORMATION; CANCER PREVENTION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; VITAMIN-E; SELENIUM; HYPOMETHYLATION; FOLATE; SUPPLEMENTATION; METABOLISM AB The regulation of site-specific DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been considered as a leading mechanism by which certain nutrients exert their anticancer property. This study was to investigate whether selenium (Se) affects the methylation of globe genomic DNA and the exon-specific p53 gene. Three groups of rats (n = 6-7/group) were fed the AIN-93G basal diet supplemented with 0 [Se deficient (D)], 0.15 [Se adequate (A)], or 4 mg [Se supranutritional (S)] (Se as L-selenomethionine)/kg diet for 104 d, respectively. Rats fed the A or S diet had greater plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase activity, liver thioredoxin reductase activity, and plasma homocysteine concentration than those fed the D diet. However, compared with the A diet, rats fed the S diet did not further increase these Se-dependent enzyme activities or homocysteine concentration. In contrast, Se concentrations in kidney, liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and plasma were increased in a Se-dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, rats fed the S diet had significantly less global liver genomic DNA methylation than those fed the D diet. However, the S diet significantly increased the methylation of the p53 gene (exons 5-8) but not the beta-actin gene (exons 2-3) DNA in liver and colon mucosa compared with those fed the D diet. Taken together, long-term Se consumption not only affects selenoprotein enzyme activities, homocysteine, tissue Se concentrations, and global genomic DNA methylation but also increases exon-specific DNA methylation of the p53 gene in a Se-dose dependent manner in rat liver and colon mucosa. J. Nutr. 141: 1464-1468, 2011. C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Yan, Lin; Uthus, Eric O.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM huawei.zeng@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU USDA FX Supported by the USDA. The USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 141 IS 8 BP 1464 EP 1468 DI 10.3945/jn.111.140715 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 796KE UT WOS:000293049400008 PM 21653573 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Stote, KS Paul, DR Harris, GK Rumpler, WV Clevidence, BA AF Baer, David J. Stote, Kim S. Paul, David R. Harris, G. Keith Rumpler, William V. Clevidence, Beverly A. TI Whey Protein but Not Soy Protein Supplementation Alters Body Weight and Composition in Free-Living Overweight and Obese Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOW-FAT DIET; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE; AD-LIBITUM; ENERGY-INTAKE; RESPIRATION CHAMBER; KETOGENIC DIET; GLYCEMIC LOAD; RISK-FACTORS AB A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of supplemental whey protein (WP), soy protein (SP), and an isoenergetic amount of carbohydrate (CHO) on body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese but otherwise healthy participants. Ninety overweight and obese participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups for 23 wk: 1) WP; 2) SP (each providing similar to 56 g/d of protein and 1670 kJ/d); or 3) an isoenergetic amount of CHO. Supplements were consumed as a beverage twice daily. Participants were provided no dietary advice and continued to consume their free-choice diets. Participants' body weight and composition data were obtained monthly. Dietary intake was determined by 24-h dietary recalls collected every 10 d. After 23 wk, body weight and composition did not differ between the groups consuming the SP and WP or between SP and CHO; however, body weight and fat mass of the group consuming the WP were lower by 1.8 kg)P < 0.006) and 2.3 kg (P < 0.005), respectively, than the group consuming CHO. Lean body mass did not differ among any of the groups. Waist circumference was smaller in the participants consuming WP than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Fasting ghrelin was lower in participants consuming WP compared with SP or CHO. Through yet-unknown mechanisms, different sources of dietary protein may differentially facilitate weight loss and affect body composition. Dietary recommendations, especially those that emphasize the role of dietary protein in facilitating weight change, should also address the demonstrated clinical potential of supplemental WP. J. Nutr. 141: 1489-1494, 2011. C1 [Baer, David J.; Stote, Kim S.; Paul, David R.; Harris, G. Keith; Rumpler, William V.; Clevidence, Beverly A.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.baer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; US Whey Protein Research Consortium FX Supported by the USDA and the US Whey Protein Research Consortium. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 39 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 141 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1494 DI 10.3945/jn.111.139840 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 796KE UT WOS:000293049400012 PM 21677076 ER PT J AU Shea, MK O'Donnell, CJ Vermeer, C Magdeleyns, EJP Crosier, MD Gundberg, CM Ordovas, JM Kritchevsky, SB Booth, SL AF Shea, M. Kyla O'Donnell, Christopher J. Vermeer, Cees Magdeleyns, Elke J. P. Crosier, Michael D. Gundberg, Caren M. Ordovas, Jose M. Kritchevsky, Stephen B. Booth, Sarah L. TI Circulating Uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein Is Associated with Vitamin K Nutritional Status, but Not Coronary Artery Calcium, in Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE EVENTS; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; RISK-FACTORS; BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MEN; WOMEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SUPPLEMENTATION; CARBOXYLASE AB Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a calcification inhibitor in vascular tissue that must be carboxylated by vitamin K to function. Evidence suggests circulating uncarboxylated MGP (ucMGP) is elevated in persons with disease characterized by vascular calcification. The primary purpose of this study was to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma ucMGP, vitamin K status, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in older adults without coronary heart disease. Genetic determinants of ucMGP were also explored. Cross-sectional associations among baseline plasma ucMGP, vitamin K status biomarkers [plasma phylloquinone, uncarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II), serum uncarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC)], CAC, and plausible genetic polymorphisms were examined in 438 community-dwelling adults (60-80 y, 59% women). The effect of phylloquinone supplementation (500 mu g/d) for 3 y on plasma ucMGP was determined among 374 participants. At baseline, plasma phylloquinone was lower and %ucOC and PIVKA-II were greater across higher plasma ucMGP quartiles (all P < 0.001, age-adjusted). Major allele homozygotes for MGP rs1800801 and rs4236 had higher plasma ucMGP than heterozygotes or minor allele homozygotes. (P <= 0.004). The decrease in plasma ucMGP was greater in the 190 participants who received phylloquinone (mean +/- SD) (-345 +/- 251 pmol/L) than in the 184 who did not (-40 +/- 196 pmol/L) (P < 0.0001). CAC did not differ according to ucMGP quartile (P = 0.35, age-adjusted). In the phylloquinone-supplemented group, the 3-y change in ucMGP was not associated with the 3-y change in CAC [unstandard beta (SE) = -0.02 (0.02); P = 0.44]. Plasma ucMGP was associated with vitamin K status biomarkers and was reduced following phylloquinone supplementation, suggesting it may be a useful marker of vitamin K status in vascular tissue. Plasma ucMGP did not reflect CAC in healthy older adults. J. Nutr. 141: 1529-1534, 2011. C1 [Ordovas, Jose M.; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shea, M. Kyla; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Vermeer, Cees; Magdeleyns, Elke J. P.] Maastricht Univ, NL-6200 Maastricht, Netherlands. [Crosier, Michael D.] Framingham State Univ, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [Gundberg, Caren M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Madrid 28029, Spain. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Vermeer, Cees/0000-0002-2300-8561; Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781 FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [AG14759, AG23914, HL69272, T32HL69772, P30AG021332-08]; AHA [09CRP2070013, 0515605T] FX Supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, the NIH (AG14759, AG23914, HL69272, T32HL69772, and P30AG021332-08), and the AHA (09CRP2070013 and 0515605T). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 141 IS 8 BP 1529 EP 1534 DI 10.3945/jn.111.139634 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 796KE UT WOS:000293049400018 PM 21628633 ER PT J AU Dosskey, MG Qiu, ZY AF Dosskey, Michael G. Qiu, Zeyuan TI COMPARISON OF INDEXES FOR PRIORITIZING PLACEMENT OF WATER QUALITY BUFFERS IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; filter strip; nonpoint pollution; riparian buffer; terrain analysis; Topographic Index; soil survey; targeting; vegetative buffer; Wetness Index ID CONSERVATION BUFFERS; SOIL SURVEYS; AREAS; FLOW AB Five physically based, spatially distributed, empirical indexes were compared for the degree to which they identified the same or different locations in watersheds where vegetative buffers would function better for reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution. All five indexes were calculated on a 10 m x 10 m digital elevation grid on agricultural land in the 144-km(2) Neshanic River watershed in New Jersey. The indexes included the topography-based Wetness Index (WI) and Topographic Index (TI) and three soil survey-based indexes (sediment trapping efficiency [STE], water trapping efficiency [WTE], and groundwater interaction [GI]). Results showed that each index associated higher pollution risk and mitigation potential to a different part of the landscape. The WI and TI identified swales and riparian areas where runoff converges, whereas STE and WTE identified upland sites. The STE and WTE lack the fine scale of slope resolution and the accounting for convergent runoff patterns that can be important for properly locating buffers in some watersheds. The GI index indicates the existence of a shallow water table but the correspondence with WI- and TI-identified sites was only modest. For watersheds where pollutant loading is generated by both saturation-excess (emphasized by TI and WI) and infiltration-excess processes (emphasized by STE and WTE), the indexes could be complementary. However, techniques would be needed for properly apportioning priority among sites identified by each index. C1 [Dosskey, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, So Res Stn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Qiu, Zeyuan] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Dosskey, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, So Res Stn, 1945 N 38th St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mdosskey@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, National Agroforestry Center FX This study was funded, in part, by funds provided by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, National Agroforestry Center through a grant to the New Jersey Institute of Technology. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 662 EP 671 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00532.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 796ZO UT WOS:000293092200002 ER PT J AU Andrews, DM Barton, CD Kolka, RK Rhoades, CC Dattilo, AJ AF Andrews, Danielle M. Barton, Christopher D. Kolka, Randall K. Rhoades, Charles C. Dattilo, Adam J. TI SOIL AND WATER CHARACTERISTICS IN RESTORED CANEBRAKE AND FOREST RIPARIAN ZONES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE riparian restoration; water quality; nutrient dynamics; giant cane ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; BUFFER ZONES; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ARUNDINARIA-GIGANTEA; GIANT CANE; STREAM; CARBON; RESTORATION; VEGETATION AB The degradation of streams has been widespread in the United States. In Kentucky, for instance, almost all of its large streams have been impounded or channelized. A restoration project was initiated in a channelized section of Wilson Creek (Nelson Co., Kentucky) to return its predisturbance meandering configuration. A goal of the project was to restore the native riparian corridor with giant cane and bottomland forest species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of giant cane in riparian restoration and to compare water quality and soil attributes between restored cane and forested communities. Comparison of data to replicated sites of similar size in undisturbed upstream areas (control) was also examined to evaluate restoration success. Vegetation establishment was initially hindered by frequent flooding in 2004, but mean survival was good after two growing seasons with rates of 80 and 61% for forest and cane plots, respectively. Results showed an improvement in stream water quality due to restoration activities. Significant differences between the cane and forested plots in shallow groundwater dissolved oxygen, NO(3)(-)-N, NH(4)(+)-N, and Mn concentrations suggest that soil redox conditions were not similar between the two vegetation types. Retention and transformation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within the restored riparian system also differed by vegetation treatment; however, both communities appeared to be advancing toward conditions exhibited in the control section of Wilson Creek. C1 [Andrews, Danielle M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barton, Christopher D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Rhoades, Charles C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Dattilo, Adam J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Andrews, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM barton@uky.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This work was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank the Bernheim Research Forest and Arboretum for assistance and logistical support. This paper is dedicated in memory of Dr. Jeff Jack, 1963-2007. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 772 EP 784 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00555.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 796ZO UT WOS:000293092200010 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Jokela, WE Franklin, DH Endale, DM AF Vadas, Peter A. Jokela, William E. Franklin, Dory H. Endale, Dinku M. TI THE EFFECT OF RAIN AND RUNOFF WHEN ASSESSING TIMING OF MANURE APPLICATION AND DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS LOSS IN RUNOFF SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; manure; runoff; modeling ID SURFACE-APPLIED MANURES; RECEIVING SWINE MANURE; POULTRY LITTER; DUNG DECOMPOSITION; FIELD PLOTS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; BROILER LITTER; CATTLE DUNG; SOIL; NUTRIENT AB A significant pathway of nonpoint source, agricultural phosphorus (P) transport is surface runoff, to which surface-applied manure can contribute. Increasing the time between manure application and the first rain-runoff event is proposed as a practice to reduce runoff P loss. Few studies have investigated this aspect of manure P loss in runoff, with mixed results. Studies observing a decrease in runoff P as the time between application and the first rain-runoff attribute the decrease to adsorption of manure P by soil and manure drying effects, but do not consider the effect of storm hydrology on runoff P. We ran the manure P runoff model SurPhos with data from nine published studies that investigated the effect of time between application and the first rain event on runoff P. SurPhos successfully simulated the experimental conditions in the studies and predicted runoff P loss. Simulation results suggest soil adsorption of manure P is not the dominant mechanism that will significantly decrease manure P availability to runoff. Rather, regardless of when the first rain-runoff event occurs, storm hydrology will significantly affect manure P loss in runoff. Although model scenarios indicate that increasing the time between manure application and the first rain-runoff event will typically decrease P loss in runoff, runoff P could be equal to or greater 30 days after application than the day after application if a more intense rain and runoff event occurs at the latter date. C1 [Vadas, Peter A.; Jokela, William E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Franklin, Dory H.; Endale, Dinku M.] USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peter.vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 877 EP 886 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00561.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 796ZO UT WOS:000293092200017 ER PT J AU Burdick, NC Carroll, JA Randel, RD Willard, ST Vann, RC Chase, CC Lawhon, SD Hulbert, LE Welsh, TH AF Burdick, N. C. Carroll, J. A. Randel, R. D. Willard, S. T. Vann, R. C. Chase, C. C., Jr. Lawhon, S. D. Hulbert, L. E. Welsh, T. H., Jr. TI Influence of temperament and transportation on physiological and endocrinological parameters in bulls SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bulls; Immune; Stress; Temperament; Temperature; Transportation ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; ROAD TRANSPORTATION; ANIMAL TEMPERAMENT; IMMUNE FUNCTION; STRESS; CALVES; BRAHMAN; RESPONSIVENESS; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES AB This study measured physiological, immunological, and endocrinological responses of Bos indicus cattle of differing temperaments to transportation. Based on temperament score (TS) the 7 most Calm (TS = 0.84 +/- 0.03) and 8 most Temperamental (TS = 3.37 +/- 0.18) Brahman bulls were selected from our research herd. Prior to transportation bulls were fitted with heart rate monitors, indwelling jugular vein catheters, and rectal temperature recording devices that enabled continuous collection of data and samples during transport. The bulls were loaded into individual stalls in a trailer, and each catheter extension was attached to an IceSampler (TM) device that was programmed to collect blood samples at 15- and 30-min intervals. The trailer remained stationary for 120 min prior to the initiation of transportation to acclimate bulls to the stalls. The bulls were then transported for 4 h (390 km roundtrip; average of 91 km/h). Collected blood samples were analyzed for cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Additional blood samples were collected for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to determine proliferation. IgM production, and gene expression. Heart rate fluctuated in Temperamental but not in Calm bulls throughout the study (time x temperament interaction P=0.04). Rectal temperature increased over time (P<0.001) but was not affected by temperament (P=0.57). Change in rectal temperature may be partially attributable to the change in ambient temperature as the two were highly correlated (r = 0.73 and 0.72 for Calm and Temperamental bulls, respectively; P<0.001). Cortisol concentrations increased in Calm but not Temperamental bulls in response to transportation (time x temperament interaction P=0.01). Epinephrine concentrations were unchanged in Calm but decreased in Temperamental bulls (time x temperament interaction P=0.07) throughout the study. Norepinephrine concentrations were not affected by transportation (P=0.36) or temperament (P=0.93). The production of IgM by PBMCs was not affected by temperament (P=0.40) or transportation (P=0.28). Proliferation of PBMCs was not affected by temperament (P=0.98) but tended (P=0.06) to be greater post-transportation. The expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (P=0.02) and toll-like receptor 4 (P=0.08) mRNAs decreased in response to transportation. In summary, these data indicate that transportation only affected cortisol concentrations in Calm bulls. Additionally, temperament influenced cortisol and epinephrine concentrations as well as heart rate. However, there was no influence of temperament, and limited influence of transportation, on PBMC functions. While transportation has been purported to be a stressor in cattle, the temporal pattern observed while the bulls were on the trailer is suggestive that the stress occurred prior to loading the bulls into the trailer. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Burdick, N. C.; Welsh, T. H., Jr.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Burdick, N. C.; Carroll, J. A.; Hulbert, L. E.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Randel, R. D.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Overton, TX 75684 USA. [Willard, S. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Vann, R. C.] Mississippi State Univ, MAFES, Raymond, MS 39154 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Lawhon, S. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Randel, RD (reprint author), POB 200, Overton, TX 75684 USA. EM r-randel@tamu.edu RI Lawhon, Sara/G-5147-2011 OI Lawhon, Sara/0000-0001-9154-8909 FU TAMU Life Sciences Task Force Interdisciplinary Graduate Training Program; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas Beef Competitiveness Improvement Program; USDA-NRI-CSREES [2005-01671]; USDA SG [2006-34564-1700] FX The authors acknowledge the technical support of D.A. Neuendorrf, A.W. Lewis, J.G. Lyons, L.C. Caldwell, A.N. Loyd and J.W. Dailey. N.C. Burdick is a Tom Slick Senior Graduate Fellow at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, and was supported in part by the TAMU Life Sciences Task Force Interdisciplinary Graduate Training Program entitled "Mechanistic Studies at the Host-Pathogen Interface". This study was supported in part by the Texas AgriLife Research, Texas Beef Competitiveness Improvement Program, USDA-NRI-CSREES grant 2005-01671 and USDA SG 2006-34564-1700. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.01.013 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 798JS UT WOS:000293202600004 ER PT J AU Chavez, SJ Huntington, GB Burns, JS AF Chavez, S. J. Huntington, G. B. Burns, J. S. TI Use of plant hydrocarbons as markers to estimate voluntary intake and digestibility in beef steers SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alkanes; Cattle; Intake; Digestion ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE CAPSULES; DIET COMPOSITION MARKERS; CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOLS; N-ALKANE MARKERS; HERBAGE INTAKE; LABELED SUPPLEMENT; FEED-INTAKE; SHEEP; WAX; FORAGES AB Calculating dry matter intake of grazing herbivores has been an issue in determining factors such as efficiency and digestibility of forages. Two experiments were conducted using alkanes to validate analytical methods with oven-dried and freeze-dried samples, compare and contrast measured and estimated intake, and to measure digestibility using a controlled-release capsule (CRC) or supplement. In the first trial, 7 beef steers consuming either alfalfa or switchgrass hay received either a CRC or supplement in a random crossover design. Each period lasted 20 days with fecal grab samples taken over the last 10 days and total fecal collection the last 5 days. In the second trial, 12 beef cattle were fed a blended switchgrass and alfalfa hay and fed a once-daily alkane supplement. Fecal grab samples were collected the last 5 days over the 14-day experiment. In the first experiment, steers fed switchgrass hay ate less and digested a smaller proportion of total diet (P<0.02) than steers fed alfalfa. There was no difference (P<0.35) between estimated intake and measured intake. Fecal concentrations of alkanes were not affected (P<0.13) by drying method and no difference (P<0.40) was seen between fecal grab samples and total fecal collection. Either dotriacontane (C32) or hexatriacontane (C36) can be used for estimating DMD. In the second experiment, there was no difference between measured and estimated intake (P<0.35). There was no day effect between fecal concentrations and estimated intake. There was no difference (P<0.65) between fecal alkane concentrations when duplicate samples were analyzed. Alkanes can be used to estimate intake in cattle. Fecal grab samples are sufficient to reduce labor and result in adequate estimated intake and daily feeding of alkanes can be used to replace the CRC. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chavez, S. J.; Huntington, G. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. S.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huntington, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621,5 Raleigh, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gerald_Huntington@ncsu.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.01.012 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 798JS UT WOS:000293202600008 ER PT J AU Corella, D Arregui, M Coltell, O Portoles, O Guillem-Saiz, P Carrasco, P Sorli, JV Ortega-Azorin, C Gonzalez, JI Ordovas, JM AF Corella, Dolores Arregui, Maria Coltell, Oscar Portoles, Olga Guillem-Saiz, Patricia Carrasco, Paula Sorli, Jose V. Ortega-Azorin, Carolina Gonzalez, Jose I. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Association of the LCT-13910C > T Polymorphism With Obesity and Its Modulation by Dairy Products in a Mediterranean Population SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID ADULT-TYPE HYPOLACTASIA; LACTASE NON-PERSISTENCE; ACTIVITY IN-VITRO; BODY-MASS INDEX; LACTOSE-INTOLERANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; METABOLIC SYNDROME; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; GUT MICROBIOTA; CONSUMPTION AB The -13910C>T polymorphism (rs4988235) upstream from the lactase (LCT) gene, strongly associated with lactase persistence (LP) in Europeans, is emerging as a new candidate for obesity. We aimed to analyze the association of this polymorphism with obesity-related variables and its modulation by dairy product intake in an elderly population. We studied 940 high-cardiovascular risk Spanish subjects (aged 67 +/- 7 years). Dairy product consumption was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric variables were directly measured, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were obtained. Prevalence of genotypes was: 38.0% CC (lactase nonpersistent (LNP)), 45.7% CT, and 16.3% TT. The CC genotype was not associated with lower milk or dairy product consumption in the whole population. Only in women was dairy intake significantly lower in CC subjects. The most important association was obtained with anthropometric measurements. CC individuals had lower weight (P = 0.032), lower BMI (29.7 +/- 4.2 vs. 30.6 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2); P = 0.003) and lower waist circumference (101.1 +/- 11.8 vs. 103.5 +/- 11.5 cm; P = 0.005) than T-allele carriers. Obesity risk was also significantly higher in T-allele carriers than in CC individuals (odds ratio (OR): 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.81; P = 0.01), and remained significant even after adjustment for sex, age, diabetes, physical activity, and energy intake. However, in subgroup analysis, these associations were found to be significant only among those consuming moderate or high lactose intakes (>8 g/day). No significant associations with lipids, glucose, or blood pressure were obtained after adjustment for BMI. In conclusion, despite not finding marked differences in dairy product consumption, this polymorphism was strongly associated with BMI and obesity and modulated by lactose intake in this Mediterranean population. C1 [Corella, Dolores; Arregui, Maria; Portoles, Olga; Guillem-Saiz, Patricia; Carrasco, Paula; Sorli, Jose V.; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Gonzalez, Jose I.] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. [Corella, Dolores; Arregui, Maria; Portoles, Olga; Guillem-Saiz, Patricia; Carrasco, Paula; Sorli, Jose V.; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Gonzalez, Jose I.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Corella, Dolores; Coltell, Oscar; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sorli, Jose V.] Generalitat Valenciana, Primary Care Hlth Ctr, Valencia, Spain. [Arregui, Maria; Coltell, Oscar] Univ Jaume 1, Dept Comp Languages & Syst, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. RP Corella, D (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. EM dolores.corella@uv.es FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain [CIBER CB06/03/0035, RD07/0067/0006, PI6-1326, PI07-0954, PI08-90002, SAF-09-12304]; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain [GVACOMP2010-181, BEST2010-211, BEST2010-032]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain (CIBER CB06/03/0035, RD07/0067/0006, PI6-1326, PI07-0954, PI08-90002, and SAF-09-12304), the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain (GVACOMP2010-181, BEST2010-211, BEST2010-032) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants HL-54776, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, grant number DK075030 and by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD AUG PY 2011 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1707 EP 1714 DI 10.1038/oby.2010.320 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 797XI UT WOS:000293163000024 PM 21193851 ER PT J AU Unlu, I Farajollahi, A Healy, SP Crepeau, T Bartlett-Healy, K Williges, E Strickman, D Clark, GG Gaugler, R Fonseca, DM AF Unlu, Isik Farajollahi, Ary Healy, Sean P. Crepeau, Taryn Bartlett-Healy, Kristen Williges, Eric Strickman, Daniel Clark, Gary G. Gaugler, Randy Fonseca, Dina M. TI Area-wide management of Aedes albopictus: choice of study sites based on geospatial characteristics, socioeconomic factors and mosquito populations SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nuisance mosquito; control; New Jersey; GIS; BGS traps; area-wide ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; NEW-JERSEY; DISPERSAL; AEGYPTI; SPREAD; TRAPS; TEXAS AB BACKGROUND: Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), the Asian tiger mosquito, is an introduced invasive species in the United States that is responsible for a significant proportion of service requests to local mosquito control programs. This container utilizing mosquito is refractory to standard mosquito abatement measures in the United States. This study is part of a USDA-ARS project to develop an area-wide management strategy for Ae. albopictus. The goal was to identify three study sites, similar in socioeconomic parameters, geography and Ae. albopictus abundance, in urban and suburban areas in Mercer and Monmouth counties in New Jersey. Prior service requests and light trap counts and also detailed county maps were used to chose nine preliminary sites (four in Mercer and five in Monmouth) where weekly surveillance for Ae. albopictus was performed throughout the 2008 active season. RESULTS: Although outliers were detected, socioeconomic variables in the study sites within each county were fairly consistent. Ae. albopictus abundance was associated with poverty levels and had the highest maxima in Mercer, although average mosquito abundance was similar in urban Mercer and suburban Monmouth. CONCLUSION: Three study sites in each county were identified for future studies. The summer-long surveillance also revealed socioeconomic variables critical for the development of integrated mosquito management. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Unlu, Isik; Bartlett-Healy, Kristen; Gaugler, Randy; Fonseca, Dina M.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Unlu, Isik; Farajollahi, Ary; Williges, Eric] Mercer Cty Mosquito Control, W Trenton, NJ USA. [Healy, Sean P.; Crepeau, Taryn] Monmouth Cty Mosquito Exterminat Commiss, Eatontown, NJ USA. [Williges, Eric] Environm Serv, Essex Cty Div, Cedar Grove, NJ USA. [Strickman, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Off Nat Programs, Beltsville, MD USA. [Clark, Gary G.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, CMAVE, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, Dept Entomol, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM dfonseca@rci.rutgers.edu RI Gaugler, Randy/K-3898-2013; OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture; [USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-105] FX The first of a series of papers on the Area-wide Management of the Asian Tiger Mosquito Project supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture.; The authors thank the members of the Advisory Committee (Roger Nasci, Dawn Wesson, Dan Kline, George O'Meara and Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez) and Bob Faust for supporting their efforts to develop an integrated area-wide pest management program for the Asian tiger mosquito; Banugopan (Banu) Kesaveraju and Matt Kabak for statistical and mapping support; Ali Chaundry, Nicole Reyes, Danielle Odom, Kainat Abidi, Russell Reali, George Condon, Mark Baker, Ali Fawzy, Jake Jones, Ann Lang and Jane McGivern and other vector control personnel for field support. This work was funded by Cooperative Agreement USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-105 to Rutgers University (PI: GGC; PI at Rutgers: DMF). This is publication D-08-08194-08-10 from the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 67 IS 8 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1002/ps.2140 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 799ZX UT WOS:000293327300012 PM 21452166 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Woods, B Mitchell, VJ Twidle, A Lacey, I Jang, EB Wallace, AR AF Suckling, David M. Woods, Bill Mitchell, Vanessa J. Twidle, Andrew Lacey, Ian Jang, Eric B. Wallace, Andrew R. TI Mobile mating disruption of light-brown apple moths using pheromone-treated sterile Mediterranean fruit flies SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone; medfly; mating disruption; light-brown apple moth; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ID EPIPHYAS-POSTVITTANA LEPIDOPTERA; WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; NEW-ZEALAND; TORTRICIDAE; COMMUNICATION; ERADICATION; INSECTICIDE; MANAGEMENT AB BACKGROUND: Public opposition to aerial application of sex pheromone for mating disruption of light-brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walk.), in California stopped its further use in the ca $74 million eradication programme in 2008, underscoring the need for other eradication tactics. It is demonstrated that pheromone-treated sterile Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies), Ceratitis capitata Wied., can disrupt communication in male moths. RESULTS: Medflies topically dosed with moth pheromone (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate showed a no observed effect level (NOEL) of similar to 10 mu g fly(-1), with increasing toxicity from 30 to 100 mu g fly(-1). Greater potency and longevity of attraction and lower mortality were achieved using microencapsulated pheromone. Releases of 1000 pheromone-treated medflies ha(-1) prevented male moth catch to synthetic lures in treated 4 ha plots for 1 day in suburban Perth, Australia. Releases of ca 3000 pheromone-treated medflies ha(-1) disrupted catch to single female moths in delta traps, and to synthetic pheromone lures. Percentage disruption on the first four nights was 95, 91, 82 and 85%. CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of moth catch using pheromone-treated medflies is a novel development that, with future improvement, might provide a socially acceptable approach for application of the insect mating disruption technique to control invasive insects in urban environments. Adequacy of payload and other issues require resolution. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Suckling, David M.; Mitchell, Vanessa J.; Twidle, Andrew; Wallace, Andrew R.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Woods, Bill; Lacey, Ian] Dept Agr & Food, Perth, WA, Australia. [Jang, Eric B.] ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, PB 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM Max.Suckling@plantandfood.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1002/ps.2150 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 799ZX UT WOS:000293327300017 PM 21480460 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S AF Simmons, Alvin M. Abd-Rabou, Shaaban TI Populations of predators and parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) after the application of eight biorational insecticides in vegetable crops SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; biorational insecticide; Chrysoperla carnea; Coccinella undecimpunctata; integrated pest management; sweetpotato whitefly ID POTATO WHITEFLY HEMIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COLEOPTERA-COCCINELLIDAE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; NATURAL ENEMIES; HOMOPTERA; PESTICIDES AB BACKGROUND: The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest of vegetables and many other crops worldwide. Eight biorational insecticides (based on oil, plant derivatives, insect growth regulator and fungus) were evaluated in the field for their influence on populations of six natural enemies of B. tabaci. Natural populations of two predators [Chrysoperla carne a Stephen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)] and two genera of parasitoids [Encarsia spp. and Eretmocerus spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)] were evaluated in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Also, augmented field populations of three predators [C. carnea, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Macrolophus caliginosus (Wagner) (Hemiptera: Miridae)] were evaluated in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). RESULTS: Regardless of natural enemy or crop, jojoba oil, Biovar and Neemix had the least effect on abundance of the natural enemies in comparison with the other insecticides during a 14 day evaluation period. Conversely, Admiral, KZ oil, Mesrona oil, Mesrona oil + sulfur and natural oil had a high detrimental effect on abundance of the natural enemies. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the differential effects of biorational insecticides for whitefly control on predators and parasitoids in the field. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Simmons, Alvin M.] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Abd-Rabou, Shaaban] Plant Protect Res Inst, ARC, Minist Agr, Giza, Egypt. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov FU US-Egyptian Science and Technology Joint Fund (STDF); USDA; Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture [BIO12-001-014] FX The authors thank Jesusa Legaspi and Eric Riddick for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. This publication is sponsored by the US-Egyptian Science and Technology Joint Fund (STDF) in cooperation with the USDA and the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture under project number BIO12-001-014. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by the USDA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.1002/ps.2155 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 799ZX UT WOS:000293327300019 PM 21480463 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Buchanan, DA Leisso, RS Whitaker, BD Mattheis, JP Zhu, YM Varanasi, V AF Rudell, David R. Buchanan, David A. Leisso, Rachel S. Whitaker, Bruce D. Mattheis, James P. Zhu, Yanmin Varanasi, Vijay TI Ripening, storage temperature, ethylene action, and oxidative stress alter apple peel phytosterol metabolism SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Apple fruit; Malus sylvestris (Mill.) var. domestica Borkh.; Mansf. Rosaceae; HPLC-MS; Phytosteryl conjugate; Postharvest; Storage; Stress ID STERYL LIPID-CONTENT; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; CHILLING INJURY; PLANT STEROLS; CONJUGATED STEROLS; PRESTORAGE HEAT; TOMATO FRUIT; ACYLTRANSFERASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS AB The chilling conditions of apple cold storage can provoke an economically significant necrotic peel disorder called superficial scald (scald) in susceptible cultivars. Disorder development can be reduced by inhibiting ethylene action or oxidative stress as well as intermittent warming. It was previously demonstrated that scald is preceded by a metabolomic shift that results in altered levels of various classes of triterpenoids, including metabolites with mass spectral features similar to B-sitosterol. In this study, a key class of phytosterol metabolites was identified. Changes in peel tissue levels of conjugates of beta-sitosterol and campesterol, including acylated steryl glycosides (ASG), steryl glycosides (SG) and steryl esters (SE), as well as free sterols (FS), were determined during the period of scald development. Responses to pre-storage treatment with the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene, or an antioxidant (diphenylamine), rapid temperature elevation, and cold acclimation using intermittent warming treatments were evaluated. Diphenylamine, 1-MCP, and intermittent warming all reduced or prevented scald development. ASG levels increased and SE levels decreased in untreated control fruit during storage. Removing fruit from cold storage to ambient temperature induced rapid shifts in ASG and SE fatty acyl moieties from unsaturated to saturated. FS and SG levels remained relatively stable during storage but SG levels increased following a temperature increase after storage. ASG, SE, and SG levels did not increase during 6 months cold storage in fruit subjected to intermittent warming treatment. Overall, the results show that apple peel phytosteryl conjugate metabolism is influenced by storage duration, oxidative stress, ethylene action/ripening, and storage temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rudell, David R.; Buchanan, David A.; Leisso, Rachel S.; Mattheis, James P.; Zhu, Yanmin] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Whitaker, Bruce D.] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Varanasi, Vijay] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Rudell, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM David.Rudell@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX The authors thank Bradley Wright, Taerrah Bond, Laurel Mundy, and Yanina Perez Cayo for their technical support. Funding by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission is gratefully acknowledged. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 2011 VL 72 IS 11-12 BP 1328 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.04.018 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 799YT UT WOS:000293323800002 PM 21665233 ER PT J AU Juzwik, J Appel, DN MacDonald, WL AF Juzwik, Jennifer Appel, David N. MacDonald, William L. TI Challenges and Successes in Managing Oak Wilt in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; RED OAK; CENTRAL TEXAS; FRESH WOUNDS; LIVE OAK; FUNGUS; BEETLE; TRANSMISSION; MINNESOTA; DISEASE C1 [Juzwik, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Appel, David N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX USA. [MacDonald, William L.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jjuzwik@fs.fed.us NR 124 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 888 EP 900 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-10-0944 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100001 ER PT J AU Eskandari, FM Bruckart, WL Widmer, TL AF Eskandari, F. M. Bruckart, W. L., III Widmer, T. L. TI Field Damage to Yellow Starthistle Infected by Synchytrium solstitiale, and Greenhouse Maintenance and Host Range of the Fungus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; JACEAE VAR. SOLSTITIALIS; CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; FALSE RUST AB Yellow starthistle (YST, Centaurea solstitialis) is a major weed pest of the western United States. Synchytrium solstitiale, a pathogen of YST, caused significant damage to symptomatic (versus asymptomatic) plants in a field study in France. Before it was evaluated as a candidate for biological control of YST in the United States, protocols for pathogen maintenance under greenhouse conditions were developed. Maintenance, increase, and host range determination protocols involved incubation at 10/15 degrees C (night/day) with an 8-11 photoperiod either of potted or exhumed (i.e., roots of 4-week-old plants grown in flasks of water) plants inoculated with galled leaf tissue, or potted plants in which inoculum was wrapped within healthy leaves by a plastic wrap. The leaf-wrap protocol, used during the host range determination, always resulted in disease of YST. Several safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars and other plants related to YST became diseased following this protocol, thus raising concern about host specificity. Development of disease on nontarget species precludes proposal of S. solstitiale for biological control of YST at this time. C1 [Eskandari, F. M.; Bruckart, W. L., III; Widmer, T. L.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bruckart, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM william.bruckart@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0139 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100003 ER PT J AU Brlansky, RH Roy, A Damsteegt, VD AF Brlansky, R. H. Roy, Avijit Damsteegt, V. D. TI Stem-Pitting Citrus tristeza virus Predominantly Transmitted by the Brown Citrus Aphid from Mixed Infections Containing Non-Stem-Pitting and Stem-Pitting Isolates SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL COLLECTION; RNA POPULATIONS; TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE; GENOTYPES; GENOME; CTV; DIVERSITY; VARIANTS; SYMPTOMS AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a phloem-limited Closterovirus that produces a variety of symptoms in various Citrus spp. One of these symptoms is stem pitting (SP). SP does not occur in all Citrus spp. but when it does it may cause low tree vigor, decline, and an economic reduction in fruit size and yield. Historically, the first appearance of CTV-SP in a citrus area often occurs after the introduction of the most efficient CTV vector, the brown citrus aphid (BCA), Thxoptem citricida. Hypotheses for this association range from the introduction of these strains in new planting materials to the increased ability of BCA to transmit SP strains from existing CTV sources. It is known that CTV often exists as a complex of isolates or subisolates. Single and multiple BCA transmissions have been used to separate different genotypes or strains of CTV from mixed CTV infected plants. This study was initiated to determine what the BCA transmits when an exotic severe SP CTV isolate B12 from Brazil or B408 from Dominican Republic are mixed with a non-SP (NSP) isolate, FS627 from Florida. Biological and molecular data was generated from grafted mixtures of these isolates and their aphid-transmitted subisolates. Single-strand conformation polymorphism patterns of the 5' terminal region of open reading frame (ORF) 1a, the overlapping region of ORF 1b and ORF2, and the major coat protein gene region of NSP and SP CTV-grafted plants remained unchanged but the patterns of doubly inoculated plants varied. The haplotype diversity within SP isolates B12, B408, and mixtures of NSP and SP isolates (FS627/BI2 and FS627/B408) and aphid-transmitted subisolates from doubly inoculated plants was determined by analysis of the haplotype nucleotide sequences. Aphid transmission experiments, symptoms, and molecular analyses showed that SP-CTV was more frequently transmitted with or without NSP-CTV from mixed infections. C1 [Brlansky, R. H.; Roy, Avijit] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Damsteegt, V. D.] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Brlansky, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM rhby@ufl.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service [62506] FX We thank J. Hartung, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD and W. Schneider, USDA-ARS, Fort Detrick, MD for useful discussion and critical comments on the manuscript; J. Hartung and C. Paul for providing the CTV isolates B 12, B395, and B408 from the Exotic Pathogens of Citrus Collection, Beltsville, MD; and the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, Special Tristeza Grant Project 62506 for financial assistance. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 913 EP 920 DI 10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0772 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100004 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Long, D. L. Hughes, M. E. TI Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2009 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; NORTH-AMERICA; DURUM-WHEAT; VIRULENCE; DIVERSITY; CANADA; MEXICO AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields and wheat breeding plots by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service personnel in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2009. Single uredinial isolates (591 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, and Lr28 and a winter wheat line with Lr39/41. Forty-one virulence phenotypes were described. Virulence phenotypes MLDSD, TCRKG, and TDBGG were the three most common phenotypes. Phenotype MLDSD is virulent to Lr17 and Lr391Lr41 and was widely distributed throughout the United States. Phenotype TCRKG is virulent to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 and is found mostly in the soft red winter wheat region in the eastern United States. TDBGG is virulent to Lr24 and was found in both the soft red winter wheat and hard red winter wheat regions. Virulence to Lr21 was not found in any of the tested isolates. Virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 increased in 2009 in the soft red winter wheat regions. Virulence to Lr17 and Lr39/Lr41 increased in the Great Plains region. Two separate epidemiological zones of P triticina in the soft red winter wheat region of the southern and eastern states and in the hard red wheat region of the Great Plains were described. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.; Long, D. L.; Hughes, M. E.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkoliner@umn.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0786 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100007 ER PT J AU Damsteegt, VD Stone, AL Kuhlmann, M Gildow, FE Domier, LL Sherman, DJ Tian, B Schneider, WL AF Damsteegt, V. D. Stone, A. L. Kuhlmann, M. Gildow, F. E. Domier, L. L. Sherman, D. J. Tian, B. Schneider, W. L. TI Acquisition and Transmissibility of US Soybean dwarf virus Isolates by the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID 1ST REPORT; UNITED-STATES; LUTEOVIRUS; CLOVER; IDENTIFICATION; VECTOR; SPECIFICITY; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; CROPS AB Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) exists as several distinct strains based on symptomatology, vector specificity, and host range. Originally characterized Japanese isolates of SbDV were specifically transmitted by Aulacorthum solani. More recently, additional Japanese isolates and endemic U.S. isolates have been shown to be transmitted by several different aphid species. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, the only aphid that colonizes soybean, has been shown to be a very inefficient vector of some SbDV isolates from Japan and the United States. Transmission experiments have shown that the soybean aphid can transmit certain isolates of SbDV from soybean to soybean and clover species and from clover to clover and soybean with long acquisition and inoculation access periods. Although transmission of SbDV by the soybean aphid is very inefficient, the large soybean aphid populations that develop on soybean may have epidemiological potential to produce serious SbDV-induced yield losses. C1 [Damsteegt, V. D.; Stone, A. L.; Sherman, D. J.; Schneider, W. L.] Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Kuhlmann, M.] UMD, College Pk, MD USA. [Gildow, F. E.; Tian, B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, State Coll, PA USA. [Domier, L. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Damsteegt, VD (reprint author), Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM vern.damsteegt@ars.usda.gov OI Tian, Bin/0000-0002-5892-0251 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 945 EP 950 DI 10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0726 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100009 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS Spurgeon, DW Detar, WR Gerik, JS Hutmacher, RB Hanson, BD AF Bennett, R. S. Spurgeon, D. W. DeTar, W. R. Gerik, J. S. Hutmacher, R. B. Hanson, B. D. TI Efficacy of Four Soil Treatments Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp vasinfectum Race 4 on Cotton SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; SOILBORNE PESTS; DISEASE COMPLEX; SOLARIZATION; MANAGEMENT; WILT; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; FUMIGATION AB Fusarium wilt, caused by race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is a critically important disease problem in California cotton (Pima, Gossypium barbadense; Upland, G. hirsutum). Because few cultivars with resistance to race 4 are available, alternative management strategies for this disease are needed. Four soil treatments (50:50 methyl-bromide + chloropicrin as a positive control; 60:40 chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene; 6 weeks of solarization; and metam-sodium) were evaluated for efficacy against race 4 in a naturally infested, heavy clay soil. Treatments were evaluated based on plant mortality, height, number of mainstem nodes, vascular discoloration ratings, and soil counts of E oxysporum. Two cultivars each of Pima and Upland cotton varying in resistance to race 4 were used. Plant mortality was lowest in methyl-bromide + chloropicrin, solarization, and chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene treatments, and highest in the nontreated and metam-sodium treatments. Although most plant mortality occurred within 5 weeks after planting, substantial mortality of the susceptible Pima cultivar DP 744 accumulated for up to 10 weeks. Seven to eight weeks after planting, plants in methyl-bromide + chloropicrin and chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene treatments were taller and had more mainstem nodes than in other treatments. Vascular discoloration was reduced in methyl-bromide + chloropicrin and solarization treatments compared with the nontreated control, metam-sodium, and chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene treatments. Soil counts of E oxyspontm were significantly reduced only in the methylbromide + chloropicrin, chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene, and solarization treatments. Six weeks of solarization and 60:40 chloropicrin + 1,3-dichloropropene (295 liters a.i./ha) proved effective for reducing Fusarium wilt of cotton in heavy clay soil. C1 [Bennett, R. S.; Spurgeon, D. W.; DeTar, W. R.] ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, USDA, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Gerik, J. S.; Hanson, B. D.] San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Hutmacher, R. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bennett, RS (reprint author), ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, USDA, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM rebecca.bennett@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 967 EP 976 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-10-0696 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100012 ER PT J AU Brooks, SA Anders, MM Yeater, KM AF Brooks, Steven A. Anders, Merle M. Yeater, Kathleen M. TI Influences from Long-Term Crop Rotation, Soil Tillage, and Fertility on the Severity of Rice Grain Smuts SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID KERNEL SMUT; FALSE SMUT; NITROGEN; ARKANSAS; SYSTEMS AB False smut (Ustdaginoidea virens) and kernel smut (Neovossia horrida) are diseases of rice (Oryza saliva) that reduce both grain yield and quality. Susceptible rice cultivars are in widespread use on production acreage in the United States, and the effects from crop management practices on smut control are poorly understood. We studied the long-term effects of crop rotation, soil tillage, and fertility level on rice smut severity. The highest levels of false smut observed in this study were on cultivars grown in rotation with soybean, on traditionally tilled soils, with high fertilizer treatments. The highest levels of kernel smut were observed in a rice-soybean rotation with winter wheat grown between summer crops. These rotations are commonly used in rice-growing regions of the southern United States. Using combinations of crop rotation, soil tillage, and fertility rate, several alternative crop-management practices were identified that provided effective control of smuts in susceptible rice cultivars. The most effective method for controlling both false smut and kernel smut was in 3-year rotations of rice, soybean, and corn. Regardless of rotation order or tillage and fertility treatments within the rotations, rotating out of rice for 2 years was the most effective approach for smut control. C1 [Brooks, Steven A.] ARS, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Anders, Merle M.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen M.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Brooks, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM sbrooks@ricetec.com FU RiceTec, Inc. FX We thank S. Agrama, J. Gibbons, A. Jackson, D. McCarty, A. McClung. T. Moss, B. Ottis, T. Sells, and K. Ueda for their contributions to this project; C. Isbell for providing the false smut spore cloud picture submitted for the journal cover; and RiceTec, Inc. for providing seed and financial support for this project. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 990 EP 996 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-10-0689 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100015 ER PT J AU Paul, C Hill, CB Hartman, GL AF Paul, C. Hill, C. B. Hartman, G. L. TI Comparisons of Visual Rust Assessments and DNA Levels of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Soybean Genotypes Varying in Rust Resistance SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID P-MEIBOMIAE; COMPONENTS; PATHOGENS; BLIGHT; WHEAT; ASSAY; PCR AB Soybean resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the cause of soybean rust, has been characterized by the following three infection types: (i) immune response (IM; complete resistance) with no visible lesions, (ii) resistant reaction with reddish brown (RB) lesions (incomplete resistance), and (iii) susceptible reaction with tan-colored (TAN) lesions. Based on visual assessments of these phenotypes, single gene resistance in soybean to P. pachyrhizi has been documented, but colonization within infected tissues based on fungal DNA (FDNA) levels in different soybean genotypes had not been analyzed. The research used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay to compare visual disease assessment to FDNA in controlled inoculation experiments using two isolates of P. pachyrhizi. The objective of the first experiment was to compare data from digital visual disease assessment to FDNA from Q-PCR assays using digital visual disease assessment using five resistant soybean genotypes (one IM and four RB) and five susceptible genotypes (TAN). The objective of the second experiment was to quantify FDNA using Q-PCR at different time points after inoculation to determine if levels of fungal colonization differed in five soybean genotypes with different levels of resistance (one IM, two RB, and two TAN). For experiment 1, the numbers of uredinia and uredinia per lesion on four of the five resistant soybean genotypes were lower (P < 0.05) than the other six genotypes. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in FDNA concentrations were found among soybean genotypes with TAN lesions and among soybean genotypes with RB lesions. Soybean cultivar UG5 (IM phenotype) had significantly less (P < 0.05) FDNA than all of the other genotypes. Some genotypes that produced TAN lesions had significantly lower (P < 0.05) or non-significantly different FDNA concentrations compared to those genotypes that produced RB lesions. For experiment 2, the regression of FDNA on days after inoculation was significant (P < 0.01) with positive slopes for all genotypes except for UG5, in which FDNA declined over time, indicating a reduction of fungal colonization. The results of this Q-PCR FDNA screening technique demonstrates its use to distinguish different types of resistance, and could be used to facilitate the evaluation of soybean breeding populations, where precise quantification of incomplete and/or partial resistance is needed to identify and map quantitative trait loci. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Paul, C.; Hill, C. B.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu FU Soybean Diseases Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois; United Soybean Board FX We thank the Soybean Diseases Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois and the United Soybean Board for partial financial support of this research. We thank Lauren Beck who assisted with digital images. We also thank R. L. Nelson and his staff at the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection Center, Urbana, IL, for providing soybean seeds used in this study. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1012 DI 10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0729 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100017 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Lin, H Ivey, MLL Zhang, W Miller, SA AF Ling, K. -S. Lin, H. Ivey, M. L. Lewis Zhang, W. Miller, S. A. TI First Report or 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Naturally Infecting Tomatoes in the State of Mexico, Mexico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Ling, K. -S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Lin, H.] San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Ivey, M. L. Lewis; Miller, S. A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RI Ivey, Melanie/K-6947-2012 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1026 EP 1027 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-11-0365 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100022 ER PT J AU Bull, CT Rubio, I AF Bull, C. T. Rubio, I. TI First Report of Bacterial Blight of Crucifers Caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis in Australia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Bull, C. T.] ARS, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Rubio, I.] Calif State Univ, Undergrad Res Opportun Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1027 EP 1027 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0804 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100023 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Anderson, JA AF Kolmer, J. A. Anderson, J. A. TI First Detection in North America of Virulence in Wheat Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) to Seedling Plants of Wheat with Lr21 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Kolmer, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Anderson, J. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1032 EP 1032 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-11-0275 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100035 ER PT J AU Delaney, MA Sikora, EJ Delaney, DP Palm, ME Roscoe, J Haudenshield, JS Hartman, GL AF Delaney, M. A. Sikora, E. J. Delaney, D. P. Palm, M. E. Roscoe, J. Haudenshield, J. S. Hartman, G. L. TI First Report of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Pachyrhizus erosus in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Delaney, M. A.; Sikora, E. J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Delaney, D. P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Palm, M. E.; Roscoe, J.] USDA APHIS PPQ NIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Haudenshield, J. S.; Hartman, G. L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Delaney, MA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1034 EP 1034 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0483 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100042 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Zhang, W AF Ling, K. -S. Zhang, W. TI First Report of Pepino mosaic virus Infecting Tomato in Mexico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Ling, K. -S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Zhang, W.] Bionatur & DPA, Mex Qro 50700, Jocotitlan, Mexico. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1035 EP 1036 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-11-0334 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797CE UT WOS:000293100100045 ER PT J AU Li, XB Yan, WG Agrama, H Jia, LM Shen, XH Jackson, A Moldenhauer, K Yeater, K McClung, A Wu, DX AF Li, Xiaobai Yan, Wengui Agrama, Hesham Jia, Limeng Shen, Xihong Jackson, Aaron Moldenhauer, Karen Yeater, Kathleen McClung, Anna Wu, Dianxing TI Mapping QTLs for improving grain yield using the USDA rice mini-core collection SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Association mapping; Linkage disequilibrium (LD); Rice; Germplasm; Grain yield ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PEANUT GERMPLASM COLLECTION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DIVERSIFIED UTILIZATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB Yield is the most important and complex trait for genetic improvement in crops, and marker-assisted selection enhances the improvement efficiency. The USDA rice mini-core collection derived from over 18,000 accessions of global origins is an ideal panel for association mapping. We phenotyped 203 O. sativa accessions for 14 agronomic traits and identified 5 that were highly and significantly correlated with grain yield per plant: plant height, plant weight, tillers, panicle length, and kernels/branch. Genotyping with 155 genome-wide molecular markers demonstrated 5 main cluster groups. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decayed at least 20 cM and marker pairs with significant LD ranged from 4.64 to 6.06% in four main groups. Model comparisons revealed that different dimensions of principal component analysis affected yield and its correlated traits for mapping accuracy, and kinship did not improve the mapping in this collection. Thirty marker-trait associations were highly significant, 4 for yield, 3 for plant height, 6 for plant weight, 9 for tillers, 5 for panicle length and 3 for kernels/branch. Twenty-one markers contributed to the 30 associations, because 8 markers were co-associated with 2 or more traits. Allelic analysis of OSR13, RM471 and RM7003 for their co-associations with yield traits demonstrated that allele 126 bp of RM471 and 108 bp of RM7003 should receive greater attention, because they had the greatest positive effect on yield traits. Tagging the QTLs responsible for multiple yield traits may simultaneously help dissect the complex yield traits and elevate the efficiency to improve grain yield using marker-assisted selection in rice. C1 [Li, Xiaobai; Jia, Limeng; Wu, Dianxing] Zhejiang Univ, IAEA Collaborating Ctr, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaobai; Agrama, Hesham; Jia, Limeng; Moldenhauer, Karen] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Li, Xiaobai; Yan, Wengui; Jia, Limeng; Jackson, Aaron; McClung, Anna] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Shen, Xihong] China Natl Rice Res Inst, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Yeater, Kathleen] USDA ARS, So Plains Area, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wu, DX (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, IAEA Collaborating Ctr, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov; dxwu@zju.edu.cn NR 100 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2011 VL 234 IS 2 BP 347 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s00425-011-1405-0 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 798FS UT WOS:000293188600011 PM 21479810 ER PT J AU McIntosh, RA Zhang, P Cowger, C Parks, R Lagudah, ES Hoxha, S AF McIntosh, Robert A. Zhang, Peng Cowger, Christina Parks, Ryan Lagudah, Evans S. Hoxha, Sami TI Rye-derived powdery mildew resistance gene Pm8 in wheat is suppressed by the Pm3 locus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; RUST RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CULTIVARS AB Genetic suppression of disease resistance is occasionally observed in hexaploid wheat or in its interspecific crosses. The phenotypic effects of genes moved to wheat from relatives with lower ploidy are often smaller than in the original sources, suggesting the presence of modifiers or partial inhibitors in wheat, especially dilution effects caused by possible variation at orthologous loci. However, there is little current understanding of the underlying genetics of suppression. The discovery of suppression in some wheat genotypes of the cereal rye chromosome 1RS-derived gene Pm8 for powdery mildew resistance offered an opportunity for analysis. A single gene for suppression was identified at or near the closely linked storage protein genes Gli-A1 and Glu-A3, which are also closely associated with the Pm3 locus on chromosome 1AS. The Pm3 locus is a complex of expressed alleles and pseudogenes embedded among Glu-A3 repeats. In the current report, we explain why earlier work indicated that the mildew suppressor was closely associated with specific Gli-A1 and Glu-A3 alleles, and predict that suppression of Pm8 involves translated gene products from the Pm3 locus. C1 [McIntosh, Robert A.; Zhang, Peng; Hoxha, Sami] Univ Sydney, Plant Breeding Inst Cobbitty, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia. [Cowger, Christina; Parks, Ryan] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lagudah, Evans S.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP McIntosh, RA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Plant Breeding Inst Cobbitty, Private Bag 4011, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia. EM robert.mcintosh@sydney.edu.au FU Grains Research and Development Corporation, Australia FX This research was supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation, Australia. We thank Beat Keller and Severine Hurni for comments on a draft of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 123 IS 3 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1589-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 797PJ UT WOS:000293139500001 PM 21509697 ER PT J AU Jordan, DR Klein, RR Sakrewski, KG Henzell, RG Klein, PE Mace, ES AF Jordan, D. R. Klein, R. R. Sakrewski, K. G. Henzell, R. G. Klein, P. E. Mace, E. S. TI Mapping and characterization of Rf(5): a new gene conditioning pollen fertility restoration in A(1) and A(2) cytoplasm in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PENTATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT PROTEINS; RESTORER GENE; DART MARKERS; DIVERSITY; ENCODES; LOCUS; ORYZA AB With an aim to further characterize the cytoplasmic male sterility-fertility restoration system in sorghum, a major fertility restoration gene was mapped along with a second locus capable of partial restoration of pollen fertility. The major fertility restoration gene, Rf(5), was located on sorghum chromosome SBI-05, and was capable of restoring pollen fertility in both A(1) and A(2) male sterile cytoplasms. Depending on the restorer parent, mapping populations exhibited fertility restoration phenotypes that ranged from nearly bimodal distribution due to the action of Rf(5), to a more normalized distribution reflecting the action of Rf(5) and additional modifier/partial restoration genes. A second fertility restoration locus capable of partially restoring pollen fertility in A(1) cytoplasm was localized to chromosome SBI-04. Unlike Rf(5), this modifier/partial restorer gene acting alone resulted in less than 10% seed set in both A(1) and A(2) cytoplasms, and modified the extent of restoration conditioned by the major restorer Rf(5) in A(1) cytoplasm. In examining the genomic regions spanning the Rf(5) locus, a cluster of pentatricopeptide gene family members with high homology to rice Rf(1) and sorghum Rf(2) were identified as potential candidates encoding Rf(5). C1 [Jordan, D. R.; Sakrewski, K. G.; Henzell, R. G.; Mace, E. S.] Agri Sci Queensland, Hermitage Res Stn, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. [Jordan, D. R.] Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. [Klein, R. R.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Klein, P. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, P. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jordan, DR (reprint author), Agri Sci Queensland, Hermitage Res Stn, Yangan Rd, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. EM David.R.Jordan@deedi.qld.gov.au; emma.mace@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Jordan, David/A-7103-2011; Mace, Emma/C-8129-2011 OI Jordan, David/0000-0002-8128-1304; FU Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC); USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors wish to thank Julie McCollum for her expert technical assistance. We thank the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC; http://www.grdc.com.au) for part of the financial support for this research, and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service for financial support to RRK. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 123 IS 3 BP 383 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1591-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 797PJ UT WOS:000293139500003 PM 21487690 ER PT J AU Huo, NX Garvin, DF You, FM McMahon, S Luo, MC Gu, YQ Lazo, GR Vogel, JP AF Huo, Naxin Garvin, David F. You, Frank M. McMahon, Stephanie Luo, Ming-Cheng Gu, Yong Q. Lazo, Gerard R. Vogel, John Philip TI Comparison of a high-density genetic linkage map to genome features in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RECOMBINATION RATES; RICE; SEQUENCE; WHEAT; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISM; DISEQUILIBRIUM AB The small annual grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is rapidly emerging as a powerful model system to study questions unique to the grasses. Many Brachypodium resources have been developed including a whole genome sequence, highly efficient transformation and a large germplasm collection. We developed a genetic linkage map of Brachypodium using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and an F(2) mapping population of 476 individuals. SNPs were identified by targeted resequencing of single copy genomic sequences. Using the Illumina GoldenGate Genotyping platform we placed 558 markers into five linkage groups corresponding to the five chromosomes of Brachypodium. The unusually long total genetic map length, 1,598 centiMorgans (cM), indicates that the Brachypodium mapping population has a high recombination rate. By comparing the genetic map to genome features we found that the recombination rate was positively correlated with gene density and negatively correlated with repetitive regions and sites of ancestral chromosome fusions that retained centromeric repeat sequences. A comparison of adjacent genome regions with high versus low recombination rates revealed a positive correlation between interspecific synteny and recombination rate. C1 [Huo, Naxin; You, Frank M.; McMahon, Stephanie; Gu, Yong Q.; Lazo, Gerard R.; Vogel, John Philip] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Huo, Naxin; You, Frank M.; Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vogel, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM john.vogel@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Luo, Ming-Cheng/0000-0002-9744-5887; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU NSF [06-555]; USDA [5325-21000-013-00, 3640-21000-021-00D.] FX We would like to thank Haiming Xu (Zhejiang University) for QGA station analysis, Alan Schulman for LTR locations, and Edward Buckler for suggestions on presenting cumulative features (Fig. 4). This work was funded by an NSF 06-555 Plant Genome Research program grant and by USDA CRIS projects 5325-21000-013-00 and 3640-21000-021-00D. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 123 IS 3 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1598-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 797PJ UT WOS:000293139500009 PM 21597976 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ McHale, LK Vallad, GE Truco, MJ Michelmore, RW Klosterman, SJ Maruthachalam, K Subbarao, KV AF Hayes, Ryan J. McHale, Leah K. Vallad, Gary E. Truco, Maria Jose Michelmore, Richard W. Klosterman, Steve J. Maruthachalam, Karunakaran Subbarao, Krishna V. TI The inheritance of resistance to Verticillium wilt caused by race 1 isolates of Verticillium dahliae in the lettuce cultivar La Brillante SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INTERSPECIFIC POTATO HYBRIDS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ALBO-ATRUM; TOMATO; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGEN; GENES; ROOT; SOIL; L. AB Verticillium wilt of lettuce caused by Verticillium dahliae can cause severe economic damage to lettuce producers. Complete resistance to race 1 isolates is available in Lactuca sativa cultivar (cv.) La Brillante and understanding the genetic basis of this resistance will aid development of new resistant cultivars. F(1) and F(2) families from crosses between La Brillante and three iceberg cultivars as well as a recombinant inbred line population derived from L. sativa cv. Salinas 88 x La Brillante were evaluated for disease incidence and disease severity in replicated greenhouse and field experiments. One hundred and six molecular markers were used to generate a genetic map from Salinas 88 x La Brillante and for detection of quantitative trait loci. Segregation was consistent with a single dominant gene of major effect which we are naming Verticillium resistance 1 (Vr1). The gene described large portions of the phenotypic variance (R (2) = 0.49-0.68) and was mapped to linkage group 9 coincident with an expressed sequence tag marker (QGD8I16.yg.ab1) that has sequence similarity with the Ve gene that confers resistance to V. dahliae race 1 in tomato. The simple inheritance of resistance indicates that breeding procedures designed for single genes will be applicable for developing resistant cultivars. QGD8I16.yg.ab1 is a good candidate for functional analysis and development of markers suitable for marker-assisted selection. C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Klosterman, Steve J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [McHale, Leah K.; Truco, Maria Jose; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McHale, Leah K.; Truco, Maria Jose; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vallad, Gary E.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ryan.Hayes@ars.usda.gov RI McHale, Leah/D-9612-2012; OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; California Department of Food and Agriculture under the "Buy California Initiative"; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [04-35300-14601] FX This research was supported by the California Leafy Greens Research Program and the California Department of Food and Agriculture under the "Buy California Initiative" as well as an award to RWM from the National Research Initiative (NRI) Plant Genome Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Grant no. 04-35300-14601. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 123 IS 4 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1603-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 797PL UT WOS:000293139700001 PM 21567237 ER PT J AU Klindworth, DL Miller, JD Williams, ND Xu, SS AF Klindworth, D. L. Miller, J. D. Williams, N. D. Xu, S. S. TI Resistance to recombinant stem rust race TPPKC in hard red spring wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; UNITED-STATES; GENES SR24; US WHEAT; MARKERS; GERMPLASM; ALLELE; SR6 AB The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f.sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn.) resistance gene SrWld1 conditions resistance to all North American stem rust races and is an important gene in hard red spring (HRS) wheat cultivars. A sexually recombined race having virulence to SrWld1 was isolated in the 1980s. Our objective was to determine the genetics of resistance to the race. The recombinant race was tested with the set of stem rust differentials and with a set of 36 HRS and 6 durum cultivars. Chromosomal location studies in cultivars Len, Coteau, and Stoa were completed using aneuploid analysis, molecular markers, and allelism tests. Stem rust differential tests coded the race as TPPKC, indicating it differed from TPMKC by having added virulence on Sr30 as well as SrWld1. Genes effective against TPPKC were Sr6, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr13, Sr24, Sr31, and Sr38. Genetic studies of resistance to TPPKC indicated that Len, Coteau, and Stoa likely carried Sr9b, that Coteau and Stoa carried Sr6, and Stoa carried Sr24. Tests of HRS and durum cultivars indicated that five HRS and one durum cultivar were susceptible to TPPKC. Susceptible HRS cultivars were postulated to have SrWld1 as their major stem rust resistance gene. Divide, the susceptible durum cultivar, was postulated to lack Sr13. We concluded that although TPPKC does not constitute a threat similar to TTKSK and its variants, some cultivars would be lost from production if TPPKC became established in the field. C1 [Klindworth, D. L.; Xu, S. S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Klindworth, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM Daryl.Klindworth@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 123 IS 4 BP 603 EP 613 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1610-z PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 797PL UT WOS:000293139700008 PM 21573955 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Lou, XY AF Wu, Jixiang Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Lou, Xiang-Yang TI Comparisons of four approximation algorithms for large-scale linkage map construction SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE; LINKED LOCI; MARKERS; HUMANS AB Efficient construction of large-scale linkage maps is highly desired in current gene mapping projects. To evaluate the performance of available approaches in the literature, four published methods, the insertion (IN), seriation (SER), neighbor mapping (NM), and unidirectional growth (UG) were compared on the basis of simulated F(2) data with various population sizes, interferences, missing genotype rates, and mis-genotyping rates. Simulation results showed that the IN method outperformed, or at least was comparable to, the other three methods. These algorithms were also applied to a real data set and results showed that the linkage order obtained by the IN algorithm was superior to the other methods. Thus, this study suggests that the IN method should be used when constructing large-scale linkage maps. C1 [Wu, Jixiang] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wu, Jixiang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Lou, Xiang-Yang] Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Wu, JX (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Box 2140C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM jixiang.wu@sdstate.edu RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; Lou, Xiang-Yang/B-6291-2013 FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University; Agricultural Experiment Station of South Dakota State University; National Institutes of Health [R01DA025095] FX This study was supported in part by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University and the Agricultural Experiment Station of South Dakota State University, and by the National Institutes of Health Grant R01DA025095. The authors would like to appreciate Drs. David Fang and Michael Gonda for their helpful comments. We also want to express our great appreciations for the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their critical and helpful comments that greatly improved the quality of this paper. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 123 IS 4 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1614-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 797PL UT WOS:000293139700012 PM 21611760 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT AF Klasson, K. Thomas TI Construction of spline functions in spreadsheets to smooth experimental data (vol 39, pg 422, 2008) SO ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LA English DT Correction DE Smoothing; Splines; Spreadsheet; Derivatives; Integration; Regression AB A previous manuscript detailed how spreadsheet software can be programmed to smooth experimental data via cubic splines. This addendum corrects a few errors in the previous manuscript and provides additional necessary programming steps. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM thomas.klasson@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-9978 EI 1873-5339 J9 ADV ENG SOFTW JI Adv. Eng. Softw. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 42 IS 8 BP 621 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.03.011 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 795DI UT WOS:000292951300010 ER PT J AU Muzhingi, T Gadaga, TH Siwela, AH Grusak, MA Russell, RM Tang, GW AF Muzhingi, Tawanda Gadaga, Tendekayi H. Siwela, Andrew H. Grusak, Michael A. Russell, Robert M. Tang, Guangwen TI Yellow maize with high beta-carotene is an effective source of vitamin A in healthy Zimbabwean men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; CHINESE ADULTS; EQUIVALENCE; CONVERSION; RETINOL; HUMANS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Background: The bioconversion efficiency of yellow maize beta-carotene to retinol in humans is unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the vitamin A value of yellow maize beta-carotene in humans. Design: High beta-carotene-containing yellow maize was grown in a hydroponic medium with 23 atom% (2)H(2)O during grain development. Yellow maize beta-carotene showed the highest abundance of enrichment as [(2)H(9)]beta-carotene. Eight healthy Zimbabwean men volunteered for the study. On day 1 after a fasting blood draw, subjects consumed 300 g yellow maize porridge containing 1.2 mg beta-carotene, 20 g butter, and a 0.5-g corn oil capsule. On day 8, fasting blood was drawn, and subjects consumed 1 mg [(13)C(10)]retinyl acetate in a 0.5-g corn oil capsule and 300 g white maize porridge with 20 g butter. Thirty-six blood samples were collected from each subject over 36 d. Concentrations and enrichments of retinol and beta-carotene in labeled doses and serum were determined with the use of HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) of retinol from 1.2 mg yellow maize beta-carotene was 72.9 nmol.d, and the AUC of retinol from 1 mg retinyl acetate (13)C(10) was 161.1 nmol.d. The conversion factor of yellow maize beta-carotene to retinol by weight was 3.2 +/- 1.5 to 1. Conclusion: In 8 healthy Zimbabwean men, 300 g cooked yellow maize containing 1.2 mg beta-carotene that was consumed with 20.5 g fat showed the same vitamin A activity as 0.38 mg retinol and provided 40-50% of the adult vitamin A Recommended Dietary Allowance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00636038. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:510-9. C1 [Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Agr Res Serv Human Nutr Res Ctr A, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gadaga, Tendekayi H.] Univ Swaziland, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Siwela, Andrew H.] Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Biol & Biochem, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Russell, Robert M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Agr Res Serv Human Nutr Res Ctr A, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu RI Muzhingi, Tawanda/F-2459-2012 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-9-001, 58-6250-0-008,, 58-1950-7-707]; Nutricia Research Foundation, Netherlands; Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, IA; USDA FX Supported in part by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreements 58-1950-9-001, 58-6250-0-008, and 58-1950-7-707 and through funding from the Nutricia Research Foundation, Netherlands, and Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, IA.; We thank all the volunteers who took part in this study in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; the cooks and dieticians in the Metabolic Research Unit at USDA-Agricultural Research Service HNRCA at Tufts University in Boston; David Dworak and Chee-Ming Li in the Plant Physiology Laboratory at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service CNRC in Houston, TX; and the nurses and staff at the National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. We also thank our funding agencies, Nutricia Research Foundation in Netherlands; the USDA; and Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, IA. This study was also helped by HarvestPlus research teams at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico and by Torbert Rocheford at Purdue University. NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 94 IS 2 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.3945/ajcn.110.006486 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 794TT UT WOS:000292924900020 PM 21715509 ER PT J AU Raiten, DJ Namaste, S Brabin, B Combs, G L'Abbe, MR Wasantwisut, E Darnton-Hill, I AF Raiten, Daniel J. Namaste, Sorrel Brabin, Bernard Combs, Gerald, Jr. L'Abbe, Mary R. Wasantwisut, Emorn Darnton-Hill, Ian TI Executive summary-Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development: Building a Consensus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MALNUTRITION AB The ability to develop evidence-based clinical guidance and effective programs and policies to achieve global health promotion and disease prevention goals depends on the availability of valid and reliable data. With specific regard to the role of food and nutrition in achieving those goals, relevant data are developed with the use of biomarkers that reflect nutrient exposure, status, and functional effect. A need exists to promote the discovery, development, and use of biomarkers across a range of applications. In addition, a process is needed to harmonize the global health community's decision making about what biomarkers are best suited for a given use under specific conditions and settings. To address these needs, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, organized a conference entitled "Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development: Building a Consensus," which was hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Partners included key multilateral, US agencies and public and private organizations. The assembly endorsed the utility of this initiative and the need for the BOND (Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development) project to continue. A consensus was reached on the requirement to develop a process to inform the community about the relative strengths or weaknesses and specific applications of various biomarkers under defined conditions. The articles in this supplement summarize the deliberations of the 4 working groups: research, clinical, policy, and programmatic. Also described are content presentations on the harmonization processes, the evidence base for biomarkers for 5 case-study micronutrients, and new frontiers in science and technology. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94(suppl): 633S-50S. C1 [Raiten, Daniel J.; Namaste, Sorrel] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Brabin, Bernard] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Combs, Gerald, Jr.] USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. [L'Abbe, Mary R.] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wasantwisut, Emorn] Mahidol Univ, Inst Nutr, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. [Darnton-Hill, Ian] Univ Sydney, Boden Inst Obes Nutr & Exercise, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Darnton-Hill, Ian] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Raiten, DJ (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B-11, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM raitend@mail.nih.gov FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1003253]; PepsiCo FX Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant no. OPP1003253) and a restricted gift from PepsiCo to the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to support this meeting.; The authors' responsibilities were as follows-GC: drafted the Research Working Group (WG) report; BB: drafted the Clinical WG report; EW: drafted the Program WG report; MRL: drafted the Policy WG report; DJR and SN: wrote the manuscript; ID-H: reviewed the manuscript; and DJR: had primary responsibility for final content. The nongovernmental contributors to this meeting included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) obtained through a competitive conference grant application process. Once awarded, the BMGF was informed of the progress of the conference and received a final report as the required "deliverable.'' Additional support came in the form of a restricted gift to the NICHD gift fund from PepsiCo to support this workshop and did not reflect any obligation on the part of the NICHD to PepsiCo for the planning or outcome of this meeting. The authors declared no conflicts of interest. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 94 IS 2 BP 633S EP 647S DI 10.3945/ajcn.110.008227 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 794TT UT WOS:000292924900043 PM 21733880 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Strader, LC Pratt, JG Maiese, D Hendershot, T Kwok, RK Hammond, JA Huggins, W Jackman, D Pan, HQ Nettles, DS Beaty, TH Farrer, LA Kraft, P Marazita, ML Ordovas, JM Pato, CN Spitz, MR Wagener, D Williams, M Junkins, HA Harlan, WR Ramos, EM Haines, J AF Hamilton, Carol M. Strader, Lisa C. Pratt, Joseph G. Maiese, Deborah Hendershot, Tabitha Kwok, Richard K. Hammond, Jane A. Huggins, Wayne Jackman, Dean Pan, Huaqin Nettles, Destiney S. Beaty, Terri H. Farrer, Lindsay A. Kraft, Peter Marazita, Mary L. Ordovas, Jose M. Pato, Carlos N. Spitz, Margaret R. Wagener, Diane Williams, Michelle Junkins, Heather A. Harlan, William R. Ramos, Erin M. Haines, Jonathan TI The PhenX Toolkit: Get the Most From Your Measures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental exposure; epidemiologic methods; genetic research; genetics; genome-wide association study; meta-analysis as topic; phenotype; research design ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; GENETIC-VARIATION; HUMAN-DISEASES; METAANALYSIS; RISK; DATABASE; TRAITS; LOINC AB The potential for genome-wide association studies to relate phenotypes to specific genetic variation is greatly increased when data can be combined or compared across multiple studies. To facilitate replication and validation across studies, RTI International (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) are collaborating on the consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures (PhenX) project. The goal of PhenX is to identify 15 high-priority, well-established, and broadly applicable measures for each of 21 research domains. PhenX measures are selected by working groups of domain experts using a consensus process that includes input from the scientific community. The selected measures are then made freely available to the scientific community via the PhenX Toolkit. Thus, the PhenX Toolkit provides the research community with a core set of high-quality, well-established, low-burden measures intended for use in large-scale genomic studies. PhenX measures will have the most impact when included at the experimental design stage. The PhenX Toolkit also includes links to standards and resources in an effort to facilitate data harmonization to legacy data. Broad acceptance and use of PhenX measures will promote cross-study comparisons to increase statistical power for identifying and replicating variants associated with complex diseases and with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. C1 [Hamilton, Carol M.; Strader, Lisa C.; Pratt, Joseph G.; Maiese, Deborah; Hendershot, Tabitha; Hammond, Jane A.; Huggins, Wayne; Jackman, Dean; Pan, Huaqin; Nettles, Destiney S.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Junkins, Heather A.; Ramos, Erin M.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Beaty, Terri H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Kraft, Peter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Marazita, Mary L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pato, Carlos N.] Univ So Calif, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst, Altadena, CA USA. [Spitz, Margaret R.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wagener, Diane] RTI Int, San Diego, CA USA. [Williams, Michelle] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harlan, William R.] NIH, Off Director, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Haines, Jonathan] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA. [Kwok, Richard K.; Nettles, Destiney S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hamilton, CM (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chamilton@rti.org RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012; Strader, Lisa/H-3083-2013; Kwok, Richard/B-6907-2017; OI Kwok, Richard/0000-0002-6794-8360; Farrer, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-4225; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Human Genome Research Institute [U01 HG004597-01] FX This work was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (award U01 HG004597-01). NR 29 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1093/aje/kwr193 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796UG UT WOS:000293077600001 PM 21749974 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Strader, LC Pratt, JG Maiese, D Hendershot, T Kwok, RK Hammond, JA Huggins, W Jackman, D Pan, HQ Nettles, DS Beaty, TH Farrer, LA Kraft, P Marazita, ML Ordovas, JM Pato, CN Spitz, MR Wagener, D Williams, M Junkins, HA Harlan, WR Ramos, EM Haines, J AF Hamilton, Carol M. Strader, Lisa C. Pratt, Joseph G. Maiese, Deborah Hendershot, Tabitha Kwok, Richard K. Hammond, Jane A. Huggins, Wayne Jackman, Dean Pan, Huaqin Nettles, Destiney S. Beaty, Terri H. Farrer, Lindsay A. Kraft, Peter Marazita, Mary L. Ordovas, Jose M. Pato, Carlos N. Spitz, Margaret R. Wagener, Diane Williams, Michelle Junkins, Heather A. Harlan, William R. Ramos, Erin M. Haines, Jonathan TI Hamilton et al. Respond to "Consolidating Data Harmonization" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hamilton, Carol M.; Strader, Lisa C.; Pratt, Joseph G.; Maiese, Deborah; Hendershot, Tabitha; Hammond, Jane A.; Huggins, Wayne; Jackman, Dean; Pan, Huaqin; Nettles, Destiney S.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Junkins, Heather A.; Ramos, Erin M.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Beaty, Terri H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Farrer, Lindsay A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Kraft, Peter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Marazita, Mary L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pato, Carlos N.] Univ So Calif, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst, Altadena, CA USA. [Spitz, Margaret R.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wagener, Diane] RTI Int, San Diego, CA USA. [Williams, Michelle] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harlan, William R.] NIH, Off Director, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Haines, Jonathan] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA. [Kwok, Richard K.; Nettles, Destiney S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Hamilton, CM (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM chamilton@rti.org RI Strader, Lisa/H-3083-2013; Kwok, Richard/B-6907-2017; OI Kwok, Richard/0000-0002-6794-8360; Farrer, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-4225; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 3 BP 265 EP 266 DI 10.1093/aje/kwr191 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796UG UT WOS:000293077600003 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Lascano, R Calderon, F Booker, JD Zobeck, TM Upchurch, DR AF Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Lascano, Robert Calderon, Francisco Booker, Jill D. Zobeck, Ted M. Upchurch, Dan R. TI Dryland cropping systems influence the microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a semiarid sandy soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE GRACEnet; Ogallala Aquifer; FAME analysis; Microbial biomass; Dryland; Cotton; Cropping systems ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; NO-TILL; AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; CONTINUOUS COTTON; EXTRACTION METHOD; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; GREAT-PLAINS; COMMUNITIES AB Indicators of soil quality, such as microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN) and enzyme activities (EAs), involved in C, P, N, and S cycling, as affected by dryland cropping systems under conventional (ct) and no tillage (nt) practices were evaluated for 5 years. The soil is sandy loam with an average of 16.4% clay, 67.6% sand, and 0.65 g kg(-1) OM at 0-10 cm. The crops evaluated were rotations of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) or forage sorghum (also called haygrazer), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), and winter rye (Secale cereale): grain sorghum-cotton (Sr(g)-Ct), cotton-winter rye-sorghum (Ct-Rye-Sr(g)), and forage sorghum-winter rye (Sr(f)-Rye). The tillage treatments did not affect soil MB and EAs of C cycling (i.e., beta-glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-galactosidase), P cycling (alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase), and S cycling (arylsulfatase)-except for separation due to tillage for Sr(f)-Rye and Ct-Rye-Sr(g) observed in PCA plots when all EAs were evaluated together. After 3 years, rotations with a winter cover crop history (Ct-Rye-Sr(g) and Sr(f)-Rye) enhanced soil MBN (up to 63%) and EAs (21-37%) compared to Sr(g)-Ct. After 5 years, Sr(g)-Ct and Ct-Rye-Sr(g) showed similar soil MBC, MBN, EAs, total carbon (TC), and organic carbon (OC). A comparison of Sr(g)-Ct plots with nearby continuous cotton (Ct-Ct) research plots in the same soil revealed that it took 5 years to detect higher TC (12%), MBC (38%), and EAs (32-36%, depending on the enzyme) under Sr(g)-Ct. The significant improvements in MB and EAs found, as affected by dryland cropping systems with a history of winter cover crops and/or higher biomass return crops than cotton, can represent changes in soil OM, nutrient cycling, and C sequestration for sandy soils in the semiarid Texas High Plains region. It is significant that these soil changes occurred despite summer crop failure (2003 and 2006) and lack of winter cover crops (2006) due to lack of precipitation in certain years. C1 [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica; Lascano, Robert; Booker, Jill D.; Zobeck, Ted M.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Calderon, Francisco] USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Upchurch, Dan R.] USDA ARS, So Plains Area, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM veronica.acosta-martinez@ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 FU Ogallala Aquifer Research Initiative; Agricultural Research Service FX The initiation of this study in 2003 was possible due to the funding from the Ogallala Aquifer Research Initiative in that year. This research was also supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the GRACEnet Project. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 6 BP 655 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s00374-011-0565-1 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 795JY UT WOS:000292971700005 ER PT J AU Biabani, A Carpenter-Boggs, L Coyne, CJ Taylor, L Smith, JL Higgins, S AF Biabani, Abbas Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne Coyne, Clarice J. Taylor, Lisa Smith, Jeffrey L. Higgins, Stewart TI Nitrogen fixation potential in global chickpea mini-core collection SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Biological nitrogen fixation; Chickpea; Cicer arietinum; Core collection ID N-2 FIXATION; STRAINS AB Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a sustainable alternative for nitrogen supply to agriculture worldwide. One approach to increasing BNF in agriculture is to breed and use legumes with greater BNF capacity. To assess the capacity for BNF in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) global germplasm, a genetically diverse subset from the USDA global chickpea core collection was assayed for BNF potential. The greenhouse experiment assayed 39 global accessions and commercial cultivar UC-5, inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri. Plant height, branch number, nodule number, shoot weight, root weight, nodule weight, proportion of nitrogen fixed, and total nitrogen fixation were determined. All characteristics varied significantly among the accessions. Proportion of plant nitrogen fixed ranged from 47% to 78% and was correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.21, P < 0.01) and total plant weight (r = 0.20, P < 0.01), but not with nodule number or weight. Accession 254549 from Iraq produced the greatest total fixed nitrogen, more than any other accession and 121% more than that fixed by UC-5. The variation among BNF capacities of the accessions supports the preservation and use of global germplasm resources and suggests that nitrogen fixation in commercial chickpea varieties may be improved by introgressing positive alleles from the global chickpea germplasm collections. C1 [Biabani, Abbas] Gonbad Kavoos High Educ Ctr, Gonbad E Kavus, Iran. [Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne; Higgins, Stewart] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Coyne, Clarice J.; Taylor, Lisa; Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Biabani, A (reprint author), Gonbad Kavoos High Educ Ctr, Gonbad E Kavus, Iran. EM abs346@yahoo.com; lcboggs@wsu.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 6 BP 679 EP 685 DI 10.1007/s00374-011-0574-0 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 795JY UT WOS:000292971700007 ER PT J AU Echt, CS Demeer, D Gustafson, D AF Echt, Craig S. Demeer, Dennis Gustafson, Danny TI Patterns of differentiation among endangered pondberry populations SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Clonal plant; Heterozygote excess; Phylogeography; Nuclear SSR markers ID LINDERA-MELISSIFOLIA LAURACEAE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HETEROZYGOTE-EXCESS; SOFTWARE; NUMBER; GROWTH; CLUSTERS; ALLOZYME; PROGRAM; BLUME AB Pondberry, Lindera melissifolia, is an endangered and partially clonally reproducing shrub species found in isolated populations that inhabit seasonally wet depressions in forested areas of the lower Mississippi River alluvial valley and southeastern regions of the United States. With eleven microsatellite loci, we quantified population genetic differentiation and diversity among 450 genets in 10 locations distributed across pondberry's range. We used estimates of F (st) and Jost's D (est) to measure genetic differences between populations and between geographic regions. The largest pairwise regional difference was found between eastern and western regional population groups (F (st) = 0.23, D (est) = 0.67), with the northern-most population groups in each region exhibiting larger divergence from each other than the southern-most population groups. Genetic diversity was lowest in the Sand Pond Conservation Area (A (e) = 1.9, H (e) = 0.36), which was the northern-most pondberry population, and highest in the Francis Marion National Forest (A (e) = 4.1, H (e) = 0.69), although we identified only 17 genets in that admixed population. Following adjustments for estimated null allele frequencies, we identified heterozygote excess in four eastern populations and found no evidence for inbreeding in any population. The observed patterns of differentiation indicate a phylogeography that exhibits an Appalachian Mountain discontinuity coupled with northward migrations along the Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain and into the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. The genetic consequences of this proposed phylogeographical structure may affect selection of germplasm sources for population reestablishment programs across pondberry's range. C1 [Echt, Craig S.; Demeer, Dennis] USDA Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Gustafson, Danny] Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. RP Echt, CS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, 23332 Success Rd, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM cecht@fs.fed.us RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012 OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051 FU Army Corps of Engineers-Vicksburg FX The Army Corps of Engineers-Vicksburg provided partial funding of this research. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided collection permits. We thank Kevin Potter for generating the ArcGIS map graphics and thank him and James Roberds for providing helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also appreciate the help with sample collections provided by Kris Connor, Margaret Devall, Shea Hammond, Tracy Hawkins, Thomas Kubisiak, Nathan Schiff, Stephanie Skojak, and Ralph Pearce. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1026 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0204-2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 794FL UT WOS:000292880800013 ER PT J AU Hua, B Yan, WG Wang, JM Deng, BL Yang, J AF Hua, Bin Yan, Wengui Wang, Jianmin Deng, Baolin Yang, John TI Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grains: Effects of Cultivars and Water Management Practices SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arsenic accumulation; rice grain; water management; phytoavailability ID DRINKING-WATER; IRON PLAQUE; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; OXIDES; COPRECIPITATION; REACTIVITY; DESORPTION; PHOSPHORUS; MINERALOGY AB Arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grains is a threat to human health and marketability of rice products. In an effort to minimize As uptake by rice grains, field experiments were conducted to investigate As accumulation in rice grains of three cultivars in monosodium methanearsonate-treated soil under saturated and flooded water management practices. Results indicated that As concentrations in rice grains were cultivar-dependent and influenced by water management. Soil flooding would substantially enhance the As accumulation with a great variation among cultivars. Extractable As in the soil was positively correlated with sodium dithionite-sodium citrate-sodium bicarbonate solution-extractable Fe, suggesting a strong association of As with ferric (hydr) oxide. Additional laboratory studies showed a strong affinity of synthetic ferric (hydr) oxide with monosodium methanearsonate. This study demonstrated that selection of less As-responsive rice cultivars and use of saturated water management in paddy fields could be an effective means to minimize As accumulation in rice grains. C1 [Hua, Bin; Yang, John] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. [Yan, Wengui] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Wang, Jianmin] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Rolla, MO USA. [Deng, Baolin] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Lincoln Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, 310 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. EM yangj@lincolnu.edu OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 FU USDA-NIFA [0215149]; Lincoln University of Missouri [2010002] FX This research was funded by the USDA-NIFA through the grant No. 0215149 to Lincoln University of Missouri. Authors would like to thank Tiffany Sookaserm, Yao Zhou and Biaolin Hu for sample collection and preparation, Brandid Clark and Joy Pyles for their assistance in sample analyses. Contribution from the Cooperative Research Program, Lincoln University of Missouri, No. 2010002. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 32 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 28 IS 8 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1089/ees.2010.0481 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 795LL UT WOS:000292975600006 ER PT J AU Cumbie, WP Eckert, A Wegrzyn, J Whetten, R Neale, D Goldfarb, B AF Cumbie, W. P. Eckert, A. Wegrzyn, J. Whetten, R. Neale, D. Goldfarb, B. TI Association genetics of carbon isotope discrimination, height and foliar nitrogen in a natural population of Pinus taeda L SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE water use efficiency; forest tree; population genetics; loblolly pine ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; COMPLEX TRAITS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ARCHITECTURE; INHERITANCE; EVOLUTION; CONIFERS; PINACEAE AB Loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., is one of the most widely planted, commercially and ecologically important tree species in North America. We took an association genetics approach, using an unimproved population of 380 clonally replicated unrelated trees, to test 3938 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in as many genes for association with phenotypic variation in carbon isotope discrimination, foliar nitrogen concentration and total tree height after two growing seasons. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was used with a spatial adjustment to remove environmental variation from phenotypic data derived from a common garden experiment. After correction for multiple testing, a total of 14 SNPs were associated with the traits of carbon isotope discrimination (n=7), height (n=1) and foliar nitrogen concentration (n=6) using 380 clones. Tails of the population phenotypic distribution were compared for allele frequency differences, revealing 10 SNPs with allele frequency in at least one tail significantly different from the overall population. Eight associated SNPs were in sequences similar to known genes, such as an AP2 transcription factor related to carbon isotope discrimination and glutamate decarboxylase associated with foliar nitrogen concentration, and others were from unknown genes without homologs in Arabidopsis. Heredity (2011) 107, 105-114; doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.168; published online 19 January 2011 C1 [Cumbie, W. P.; Whetten, R.; Goldfarb, B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Eckert, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wegrzyn, J.; Neale, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Neale, D.] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Davis, CA USA. RP Cumbie, WP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wpcumbie1@gmail.com RI Eckert, Andrew/E-4788-2011; Whetten, Ross/A-9734-2013; OI Eckert, Andrew/0000-0002-6522-2646; Wegrzyn, Jill/0000-0001-5923-0888 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0501763] FX We wish to thank the members and staff of the North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program and the Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program, Texas Forest Service for their contribution of germplasm to this project. Dr Fikret Isik for consultation on statistical analysis and Dr Anthony Lebude for assistance in vegetative propagation. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant DBI-0501763). NR 52 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD AUG PY 2011 VL 107 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1038/hdy.2010.168 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 794PD UT WOS:000292911500003 PM 21245892 ER PT J AU McGarvey, JA Stackhouse, KR Miller, WG Stanker, LH Hnasko, R Mitloehner, F AF McGarvey, J. A. Stackhouse, K. R. Miller, W. G. Stanker, L. H. Hnasko, R. Mitloehner, F. TI Effects of sodium bisulfate on the bacterial population structure of dairy cow waste SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dairy cattle waste; Escherichia coli; sodium bisulfate; volatile organic compounds ID ACID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERIC BACTERIA; SHOCK PROTEINS; FATTY-ACID; LOW PH; STRESS; SLURRY AB Aims: To determine the effects of sodium bisulfate (SBS) on the bacterial populations in cattle waste. Methods and Results: We applied SBS at 0, 60, 70 or 100 kg week(-1) to cattle waste as it accumulated on the floors of four cattle pens, housing eight cattle each. We observed significant pH decreases in all of the treated wastes on day one; however, the 60 kg week(-1) treatment returned to control levels by day four, while the others remained significantly lower. Heterotrophic plate counts of the waste revealed that all treatments reduced the bacterial populations in the wastes on day one; however, all returned to control levels by day four. The 16S rRNA gene libraries derived from the wastes revealed significant reductions in sequences associated with the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increases in the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes on day one, but resembled the control by day seven. Sequences associated with Escherichia coli increased significantly after SBS application, but became undetectable by day seven. Conclusions: SBS application significantly alters the bacterial population structure of waste during the first few days of application, but the populations return to almost normal after 7 days. Significance and Impact of the Study: Application of SBS to animal waste can reduce emissions; however, biosecurity precautions must be rigorously maintained during the initial application to ensure that pathogenic E. coli is not released into the environment. C1 [McGarvey, J. A.; Miller, W. G.; Stanker, L. H.; Hnasko, R.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Stackhouse, K. R.; Mitloehner, F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McGarvey, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, PMR,800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jeffery.mcgarvey@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [NP108] FX We thank Jeremy Lathrop for library sequencing and other technical assistance. This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Program on Food Safety (NP108). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 111 IS 2 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05047.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 794GW UT WOS:000292884500007 PM 21651680 ER PT J AU Cutler, T Wang, C Qin, Q Zhou, F Warren, K Yoon, KJ Hoff, SJ Ridpath, J Zimmerman, J AF Cutler, T. Wang, C. Qin, Q. Zhou, F. Warren, K. Yoon, K. -J. Hoff, S. J. Ridpath, J. Zimmerman, J. TI Kinetics of UV254 inactivation of selected viral pathogens in a static system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRRSV; two stage; ultraviolet; UV inactivation ID UV-RADIATION; VIRUSES AB Aims: The objective of this study was to estimate UV254 inactivation constants for four viral pathogens: influenza virus type A, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and reovirus. Methods and Results: Viruses in culture medium were exposed to one of nine doses of UV254 and then titrated for infectious virus. Analysis showed that viral inactivation by UV254 was more accurately described by a two-stage inactivation model vs a standard one-stage inactivation model. Conclusions: The results provided evidence for the existence of two heterogeneous viral subpopulations among the viruses tested, one highly susceptible to UV254 inactivation and the other more resistant. Importantly, inactivation constants based on the one-stage inactivation model would have underestimated the UV254 dose required for the inactivation of these viruses under the conditions of the experiment. Significance and Impact of the Study: To improve the accuracy of estimates, it is recommended that research involving the inactivation of micro-organisms evaluates inactivation kinetics using both one-stage and two-stage models. These results will be of interest to persons responsible for microbial agents under laboratory or field conditions. C1 [Zimmerman, J.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab 2655, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qin, Q.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hoff, S. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ridpath, J.] ARS, USDA, NADC, Ames, IA USA. RP Zimmerman, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab 2655, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, 1600 S 16th St, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jjzimm@iastate.edu RI Qin, Qingsong/M-2757-2013; OI Wang, Chong/0000-0003-4489-4344 FU National Pork Board; PRRS CAP; USDA NIFA [2008-55620-19132] FX This project was funded in part by Check-Off dollars through the National Pork Board and the PRRS CAP, USDA NIFA Award 2008-55620-19132. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 111 IS 2 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05046.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 794GW UT WOS:000292884500014 PM 21624016 ER PT J AU Guimaraes, AMS Vieira, RFC Poletto, R Vemulapalli, R Santos, AP de Moraes, W Cubas, ZS Santos, LC Marchant-Forde, JN Timenetsky, J Biondo, AW Messick, JB AF Guimaraes, A. M. S. Vieira, R. F. C. Poletto, R. Vemulapalli, R. Santos, A. P. de Moraes, W. Cubas, Z. S. Santos, L. C. Marchant-Forde, J. N. Timenetsky, J. Biondo, A. W. Messick, J. B. TI A quantitative TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of Mycoplasma suis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma suis; peccaries; pigs; quantitative PCR; real-time PCR; swine ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BINDER PROBE TECHNOLOGY; EPERYTHROZOON-SUIS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; CHINA; SWINE; PIGS AB Aim: To develop a TaqMan probe-based, highly sensitive and specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of Mycoplasma suis in the blood of pigs. Methods and Results: Primers and probes specific to Myc. suis 16S rRNA gene were designed. The qPCR assay's specificity, detection limit, intra- and inter-assay variability were evaluated and its performance was compared with a Myc. suis conventional PCR assay (cPCR). Blood of two experimentally infected pigs, 40 Indiana pigs, 40 Brazilian sows and 28 peccaries were tested. The assay detected as few as ten copies of Myc. suis plasmids and was 100-fold more sensitive than the cPCR. No cross-reactivity with nontarget pig mycoplasmas was observed. An average of 1.62 x 10(11) and 2.75 x 10(8) target copies ml(-1) of blood were detected in the acutely and chronically infected pigs, respectively. Three (7.5%) pigs and 32 (80.0%) sows were positive while all peccaries were negative for Myc. suis. Conclusion: The developed qPCR assay is highly sensitive and specific for Myc. suis detection and quantification. Significance and Impact of the Study: TaqMan qPCR is an accurate and quick test for detection of Myc. suis infected pigs, which can be used on varied instrumentation platforms. C1 [Guimaraes, A. M. S.; Vemulapalli, R.; Santos, A. P.; Messick, J. B.] Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Comparat Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guimaraes, A. M. S.] Minist Educ, CAPES Fulbright Program, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Vieira, R. F. C.; Biondo, A. W.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Vet Med, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Poletto, R.; Marchant-Forde, J. N.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. [de Moraes, W.; Cubas, Z. S.; Santos, L. C.] Itaipu Binacl, Bela Vista Biol Sanctuary, Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil. [Timenetsky, J.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Microbiol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Messick, JB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Comparat Pathol, 625 Harrison St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jmessic@purdue.edu RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009; Guimaraes, Ana/N-5603-2016 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914; FU CAPES (Brazilian High Personal Improvement Coordination) - Fulbright; Hatch [73095] FX The authors are in debt to all veterinarians and staff of Itaipu Binacional, Universidade Federal do Parana and Zoologico de Curitiba for the peccaries blood collection. The authors also thank the Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee as well as all employees involved in animal handling and care. This study was conducted by Ana M. S. Guimaraes as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for her PhD at Purdue University. Funding for her PhD fellowship was provided by CAPES (Brazilian High Personal Improvement Coordination) - Fulbright combined sponsorship, while these research studies were supported with monies from Hatch funding, project no. 73095. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 111 IS 2 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05053.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 794GW UT WOS:000292884500017 PM 21575112 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Tomasula, PM Luchansky, JB Porto-Fett, A Call, JE AF Mukhopadhyay, S. Tomasula, P. M. Luchansky, J. B. Porto-Fett, A. Call, J. E. TI REMOVAL OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS STERNE SPORE FROM COMMERCIAL UNPASTEURIZED LIQUID EGG WHITE USING CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID WHOLE EGG; MILK; PASTEURIZATION; PRESSURE; INDUSTRY; FOOD AB The validity of a cross-flow microfiltration (MF) process for separation of an avirulent strain of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores from commercial unpasteurized liquid egg white (LEW) was examined. Unpasteurized LEW was inoculated with BA to a level of approximately 10(6) spores/mL and microfiltered using a 1.4-micron ceramic membrane. Permeate flux increased at a rate of 50 L/h m(2) per unit pH decrease, which is almost 30 times greater compared with the rate of increase in flux due to a unit increase in temperature. Spore removal efficiency was at least 6.14 log(10) spores/mL. In a storage stability study, microfiltered LEW showed no outgrowth of spores for 21 days at 4C. Egg white protein permeation, and hence the functional properties, were unaffected during MF. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Bacillus anthracis (BA), a spore-forming bacterium and a potential biothreat agent, could be used as an atypical foodborne pathogen for intentional contamination of the food supply. Thermal pasteurization is effective only for pathogens that are in vegetative forms such as Salmonella, but ineffective for destroying spore-forming pathogens, such as BA. Also, egg proteins' ability to form foam or gel is severely destroyed during pasteurization, since egg albumin is highly heat sensitive. There is a serious need in the agri-industry to develop an effective intervention strategy for removal of B. anthracis from high value foods such as liquid eggs. The current study describes a microfiltration process that is capable of removing almost 99.9999% BA spores from liquid egg white (LEW) without affecting egg white's ability to form foam or gel, and hence may provide an option for safety and security of liquid foods such as LEW. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, S.; Tomasula, P. M.; Luchansky, J. B.; Porto-Fett, A.; Call, J. E.] ARS, Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), ARS, Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sudarsan.mukhopadhyay@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 550 EP 562 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00551.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 794GU UT WOS:000292884300022 ER PT J AU Bantchev, GB Biresaw, G AF Bantchev, Grigor B. Biresaw, Girma TI Film-forming properties of castor oil-polyol ester blends in elastohydrodynamic conditions SO LUBRICATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE castor oil; complex ester; dipentaerythritol ester; elastohydrodynamic film thickness; pentaerythritol ester; trimethylolpropane ID VISCOSITY; PRESSURE; LUBRICANTS; MIXTURES; THICKNESS; CONTACTS AB The viscosity and elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thickness properties of binary blends of castor oil with polyol esters were determined experimentally. Predicted blend viscosities were calculated from the viscosities of the pure blend components. Measured viscosity values were closer to the values predicted using the Lederer model than the Arrhenius model. EHD film thickness data were mostly in agreement with the predictions of the Hamrock-Dowson model. Observed deviations of EHD film thickness were attributed to boundary film formation and thermal effects. Calculated effective pressure-viscosity coefficients, alpha, displayed a complex relationship with blend viscosity. At 40 degrees C, the addition of 10% polyol esters resulted in a 12-17% drop in alpha of castor oil. Higher concentrations of polyol esters resulted in an increase of alpha. At 70 and 100 degrees C, alpha displayed an almost linear dependence on blend composition. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bantchev, Grigor B.; Biresaw, Girma] Agr Res Serv, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bantchev, GB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Grigor.Bantchev@ARS.USDA.gov OI Bantchev, Grigor/0000-0003-2790-5195 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0954-0075 J9 LUBR SCI JI Lubr. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1002/ls.150 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 795IT UT WOS:000292968600001 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC O'Brien, C Miska, K Schwarz, RS Karns, J Santin, M Fayer, R AF Jenkins, Mark C. O'Brien, Celia Miska, Kate Schwarz, Ryan S. Karns, Jeffrey Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald TI Gene expression during excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO EXCYSTATION; INVITRO EXCYSTATION; PROTEIN; SPOROZOITES; APICOMPLEXA; INHIBITORS AB The present study describes transcription of mRNA from genes encoding metabolic or structural proteins during excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. RNA was harvested from C. parvum oocysts before excystation, and at 5, 10, and 15 min during excystation. Subtractive cDNA libraries were prepared by using mRNA from non-excysted C. parvum oocysts to "subtract out" mRNA from excysting oocysts. The "subtracted" cDNA was used to prepare libraries enriched for transcripts possibly involved in excystation. From these libraries, over 1,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analyzed by DNA sequencing followed by BLAST-N and BLAST-X analysis. While several gene products involved in cell metabolism and cell signaling were consistently recovered, transcription levels, as reflected by the relative number of cDNA sequences (19.2% total), were highly up-regulated in genes coding for structural proteins such as Cp2, CpTSP, CpHC10, and CpSAg. Moreover, of the greater than 1,000 clones analyzed, a high percentage (12.3%) of ESTs detected in excysting oocysts were for hypothetical C. parvum proteins (CpHyP), whose functions are presently unknown. C1 [Jenkins, Mark C.; O'Brien, Celia; Miska, Kate; Schwarz, Ryan S.; Karns, Jeffrey; Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s00436-011-2308-5 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 794WN UT WOS:000292932100032 PM 21380575 ER PT J AU Shen, CL Yeh, JK Cao, JJ Chyu, MC Wang, JS AF Shen, Chwan-Li Yeh, James K. Cao, Jay J. Chyu, Ming-Chien Wang, Jia-Sheng TI Green tea and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies SO PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Tea polyphenols; Antioxidant; Bone mineral density; Osteoporosis; Human; Rat; Cell ID OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; AGED FEMALE RATS; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION; HSP27 INDUCTION; OSTEOPOROSIS; POLYPHENOLS; SUPPRESSES AB Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly population. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea with its bioactive components on bone health with an emphasis on the following: (i) the etiology of osteoporosis, (ii) evidence of osteo-protective impacts of green tea on bone mass and microarchitecture in various bone loss models in which induced by aging, sex hormone deficiency, and chronic inflammation, (iii) discussion of impacts of green tea on bone mass in two obesity models, (iv) observation of short-term green tea supplementation given to postmenopausal women with low bone mass, (v) possible mechanisms for the osteo-protective effects of green tea bioactive compounds, and (vi) a summary and future research direction of green tea and bone health. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shen, Chwan-Li] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Shen, Chwan-Li] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Laura W Bush Inst Womens Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Yeh, James K.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Appl Bench Core Lab, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Cao, Jay J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Chyu, Ming-Chien] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Wang, Jia-Sheng] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shen, CL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, BB 198,3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM leslie.shen@ttuhsc.edu RI Komsa, Ildiko/G-7751-2011 FU NIH/NCCAM [R21AT003735]; Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health; Winthrop-University Hospital FX The preparation of this review was supported by NIH/NCCAM grant R21AT003735, Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health, and Winthrop-University Hospital. NR 65 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-6618 J9 PHARMACOL RES JI Pharmacol. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 SI SI BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.012 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 795CU UT WOS:000292949900009 PM 21473914 ER PT J AU Liu, JJ Sniezko, RA Ekramoddoullah, AKM AF Liu, Jun-Jun Sniezko, Richard A. Ekramoddoullah, Abul K. M. TI Association of a Novel Pinus monticola Chitinase Gene (PmCh4B) with Quantitative Resistance to Cronartium ribicola SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN WHITE-PINE; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; CANDIDATE DEFENSE GENES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BLISTER RUST; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FOREST TREES; TAEDA L.; DIVERSITY AB Multiple families of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are believed to contribute to plant quantitative resistance to various pathogens. Along with other host PR proteins, PR3 chitinase is one protein component participating in genetic resistance of western white pine (Pines monticola) to the white pine blister rust (WPBR) pathogen (Cronartium ribicola). In the present study, we characterized a novel P monticola class IV chitinase gene (PmCh4B) and further analyzed its nucleotide variations in the open-pollinated seed families of diverse geographical distribution and variable levels of quantitative resistance to C. ribicola infection. PmCh4B showed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.94) and nucleotide diversity (pi = 0.00965), similar to those of other conifer genes related to environmental stresses. A low level of intragenic linkage disequilibrium (LD) (but most of the levels with statistical significance) was found within a distance of approximate to 800 bp. Based on PmCh4B haplotype frequency, moderate to high levels of population structure were observed among P monticola seed families currently used in breeding programs for WPBR resistance (average F(ST) = 0.163, P < 0.001). Association analysis revealed that allelic variants and multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms of PmCh4B were significantly associated with quantitative levels of P monticola resistance against C. ribicola. This work represents the first association study for quantitative resistance in western white pine pathosystem and provides a potential for marker-assisted selection in white pine breeding. C1 [Liu, Jun-Jun; Ekramoddoullah, Abul K. M.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Sniezko, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. RP Liu, JJ (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM Jun-Jun.Liu@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca FU Canadian Forest Service; CFS-GRDI fund FX This research was supported, in part, by the Canadian Forest Service and the CFS-GRDI fund. We thank A. Zamany, P. Rajkumar, G. Ross, M. Girard-Martel, K. Acharya, and L. Baerg for support on genotyping; J. Hill and A. Kegley for support on phenotyping; H. Chen for preparing Figure 1; A. Song for help on statistical data analysis; and S. Magnussen and A. Islam for critical review of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 8 BP 904 EP 911 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-10-10-0282 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 795QS UT WOS:000292989900001 PM 21469933 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Morgan, DJW AF Backus, Elaine A. Morgan, David J. W. TI Spatiotemporal Colonization of Xylella fastidiosa in its Vector Supports the Role of Egestion in the Inoculation Mechanism of Foregut-Borne Plant Pathogens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial competition; transmission mechanism ID GRAPH WAVE-FORM; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; SHARPSHOOTER VECTORS; PIERCES-DISEASE; LEAFHOPPER; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; BACTERIUM; PENETRATION AB The pathogen that causes Pierce's disease of grapevine, Xylella fastidiosa, is the only known bacterial, arthropod-transmitted plant pathogen that does not circulate in the vector's hemolymph. Instead, bacteria are foregut-borne, persistent in adult vectors but semipersistent in immatures (i.e., bacteria colonize cuticular surfaces of the anterior foregut, are retained for hours to days, but are lost during molting). Yet, exactly how a sharpshooter vector inoculates bacteria from foregut acquisition sites is unknown. The present study used confocal laser-scanning microscopy to identify locations in undissected, anterior foreguts of the glassy-winged sharpshooter colonized by green fluorescent protein-expressing X. fastidiosa. Spatial and temporal distributions of colonizing X. fastidiosa were examined daily over acquisition access periods of 1 to 6 days for both contaminated field-collected and clean laboratory-reared Homalodisca vitripennis. Results provide the first direct, empirical evidence that established populations of X. fastidiosa can disappear from vector foreguts over time. When combined with existing knowledge on behavior, physiology, and functional anatomy of sharpshooter feeding, present results support the idea that the disappearance is caused by outward fluid flow (egestion) not inward flow (ingestion) (i.e., swallowing). Thus, results support the hypothesis that egestion is a critical part of the X. fastidiosa inoculation mechanism. Furthermore, results suggest a cyclical, spatiotemporal pattern of microbial colonization, disappearance, and recolonization in the precibarium. Colonization patterns also support two types of egestion, termed rinsing and discharging egestion herein. Finally, comparison of acquisition results for field-collected versus laboratory-reared sharpshooters suggest that there may be competitive binding for optimum acquisition sites in the foregut. Therefore, successful inoculation of X. fastidiosa may depend, in large part, on vector load in the precibarium. C1 [Backus, Elaine A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Morgan, David J. W.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Mt Rubidoux Field Stn, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM elaine.backus@ars.usda.gov FU University of California; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FX This project was supported by a grant from the University of California Pierce's Disease Research Program and in-house funding from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (ARS). We thank H. Shugart for performing all confocal and electron microscopy in this article; J. Gutierrez (ARS Pallier), M. Johnson (UCR), R. Krugner (then UCR, now ARS Parlier), and H. Kinney (CDFA Riverside) for collecting, rearing, and maintaining insects and plants for this work; G. Phillips, working with J. Chen (both ARS Parlier), for kindly maintaining X. fastidiosa GFP in culture and performing the PCR infection checks of mechanically inoculated grapevines; and R. Almeida (University of California, Berkeley), M. Sisterson, and J. Chen for providing useful and appreciated reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 8 BP 912 EP 922 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-10-0231 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 795QS UT WOS:000292989900002 PM 21425930 ER PT J AU D'aes, J Gia, KHH De Maeyer, K Pannecoucque, J Forrez, I Ongena, M Dietrich, LEP Thomashow, LS Mavrodi, DV Hofte, M AF D'aes, Jolien Gia Khuong Hoang Hua De Maeyer, Katrien Pannecoucque, Joke Forrez, Ilse Ongena, Marc Dietrich, Lars E. P. Thomashow, Linda S. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Hofte, Monica TI Biological Control of Rhizoctonia Root Rot on Bean by Phenazine- and Cyclic Lipopeptide-Producing Pseudomonas CMR12a SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; FLUORESCENS DR54; SUGAR-BEET; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; RADICIS-LYCOPERSICI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; SOLANI; BIOCONTROL AB Pseudomonas CMR12a was previously selected as an efficient biocontrol strain producing phenazines and cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs). In this study, biocontrol capacity of Pseudomonas CMR12a against Rhizoctonia root rot of bean and the involvement of phenazines and CLPs in this ability were tested. Two different anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia solani, the intermediately aggressive AG 2-2 and the highly aggressive AG 4 HGI, were included in growth-chamber experiments with bean plants. The wild-type strain CMR12a dramatically reduced disease severity caused by both R. solani AGs. A CLP-deficient and a phenazine-deficient mutant of CMR12a still protected bean plants, albeit to a lesser extent compared with the wild type. Two mutants deficient in both phenazine and CLP production completely lost their biocontrol activity. Disease-suppressive capacity of CMR12a decreased after washing bacteria before application to soil and thereby removing metabolites produced during growth on plate. In addition, microscopic observations revealed pronounced branching of hyphal tips of both R. solani AGs in the presence of CMR12a. More branched and denser mycelium was also observed for the phenazine-deficient mutant; however, neither the CLP-deficient mutant nor the mutants deficient in both CLPs and phenazines influenced hyphal growth. Together, results demonstrate the involvement of phenazines and CLPs during Pseudomonas CMR12a-mediated biocontrol of Rhizoctonia root rot of bean. C1 [D'aes, Jolien; Gia Khuong Hoang Hua; De Maeyer, Katrien; Pannecoucque, Joke; Hofte, Monica] Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Phytopathol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Forrez, Ilse] Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Ongena, Marc] Univ Liege, Gembloux Agrobio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Dietrich, Lars E. P.] Columbia Univ, Fairchild Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Thomashow, Linda S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hofte, M (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Phytopathol Lab, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM monica.hofte@ugent.be RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; D'aes, Jolien/C-6648-2015; OI D'aes, Jolien/0000-0001-7687-3105; Dietrich, Lars/0000-0003-2049-1137 FU Flemish Institute for the stimulation of Scientific-Technological Research in Industry (IWT, Belgium); Ghent University; Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) [3G000210]; INTERREG IV program France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen (Phytobio project) FX J. D'aes and G. K. H. Hua contributed equally to the article. This work was supported by a specialization fellowship of the Flemish Institute for the stimulation of Scientific-Technological Research in Industry (IWT, Belgium) given to J. Pannecoucque and J. D'aes. G. K. H. Hua was given a doctoral grand by the Special Research Fund of the Ghent University. Further funding was provided by grants from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO grant 3G000210) and the INTERREG IV program France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen (Phytobio project). We thank D. De Vleesschauwer for critically reading the manuscript. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 8 BP 996 EP 1004 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-11-10-0315 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 795QS UT WOS:000292989900012 PM 21405991 ER PT J AU Pokkuluri, PR Duke, NEC Wood, SJ Cotta, MA Li, XL Biely, P Schiffer, M AF Pokkuluri, Phani Raj Duke, Norma E. C. Wood, Stephen J. Cotta, Michael A. Li, Xin-Liang Biely, Peter Schiffer, Marianne TI Structure of the catalytic domain of glucuronoyl esterase Cip2 from Hypocrea jecorina SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE glucuronoyl esterase; catalytic domain; catalytic triad; lignocellulose; Hypocrea jecorina ID SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; DERIVATIVES; LINKAGE; LIGNIN; MODEL C1 [Pokkuluri, Phani Raj; Duke, Norma E. C.; Wood, Stephen J.; Schiffer, Marianne] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cotta, Michael A.; Li, Xin-Liang] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Biely, Peter] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dept Enzymol Carbohydrates, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. RP Pokkuluri, PR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rajp@anl.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Slovak Grant Agency [VEGA 2/0001/10] FX Grant sponsors: U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research GTL program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Grant number: DE-AC02-06CH11357; Grant sponsor: Slovak Grant Agency; Grant number: VEGA 2/0001/10 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG PY 2011 VL 79 IS 8 BP 2588 EP 2592 DI 10.1002/prot.23088 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 794TW UT WOS:000292925200021 PM 21661060 ER PT J AU Ge, S Smith, RG Jacovides, CP Kramer, MG Carruthers, RI AF Ge, Shaokui Smith, Richard G. Jacovides, Constantinos P. Kramer, Marc G. Carruthers, Raymond I. TI Dynamics of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and estimates in coastal northern California SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL SOLAR-RADIATION; ACTIVE RADIATION; SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE; PAR; DIFFUSE; COMPONENTS; MODEL; RATIO; PREDICTION; AEROSOL AB Plants require solar radiation for photosynthesis and their growth is directly related to the amount received, assuming that other environmental parameters are not limiting. Therefore, precise estimation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is necessary to enhance overall accuracies of plant growth models. This study aimed to explore the PAR radiant flux in the San Francisco Bay Area of northern California. During the growing season (March through August) for 2 years 2007-2008, the on-site magnitudes of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) were investigated and then processed at both the hourly and daily time scales. Combined with global solar radiation (R (S)) and simulated extraterrestrial solar radiation, five PAR-related values were developed, i.e., flux density-based PAR (PPFD), energy-based PAR (PARE), from-flux-to-energy conversion efficiency (fFEC), and the fraction of PAR energy in the global solar radiation (fE), and a new developed indicator-lost PARE percentages (LPR)-when solar radiation penetrates from the extraterrestrial system to the ground. These PAR-related values indicated significant diurnal variation, high values occurring at midday, with the low values occurring in the morning and afternoon hours. During the entire experimental season, the overall mean hourly value of fFEC was found to be 2.17 mu mol J(-1), while the respective fE value was 0.49. The monthly averages of hourly fFEC and fE at the solar noon time ranged from 2.15 in March to 2.39 mu mol J(-1) in August and from 0.47 in March to 0.52 in July, respectively. However, the monthly average daily values were relatively constant, and they exhibited a weak seasonal variation, ranging from 2.02 mol MJ(-1) and 0.45 (March) to 2.19 mol MJ(-1) and 0.48 (June). The mean daily values of fFEC and fE at the solar noon were 2.16 mol MJ(-1) and 0.47 across the entire growing season, respectively. Both PPFD and the ever first reported LPR showed strong diurnal patterns. However, they had opposite trends. PPFD was high around noon, resulting in low values of LPR during the same time period. Both were found to be highly correlated with global solar radiation R (S), solar elevation angle h, and the clearness index K (t). Using the best subset selection of variables, two parametric models were developed for estimating PPFD and LPR, which can easily be applied in radiometric sites, by recording only global solar radiation measurements. These two models were found to be involved with the most commonly measured global solar radiation (R (S)) and two large-scale geometric parameters, i.e., extraterrestrial solar radiation and solar elevation. The models were therefore insensitive to local weather conditions such as temperature. In particular, with two test data sets collected in USA and Greece, it was verified that the models could be extended across different geographical areas, where they performed well. Therefore, these two hourly based models can be used to provide precise PAR-related values, such as those required for developing precise vegetation growth models. C1 [Ge, Shaokui; Smith, Richard G.; Carruthers, Raymond I.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Ge, Shaokui; Kramer, Marc G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jacovides, Constantinos P.] Univ Athens, Dept Environm Phys & Meteorol, Athens 15784, Greece. RP Carruthers, RI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ray.carruthers@ars.usda.gov FU NASA; University of California; USDA-ARS; USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-22000-020-00D] FX This project is funded by a grant from NASA for a joint cooperative research effort on invasive species control between NASA, the University of California and USDA-ARS, and by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5325-22000-020-00D. We thank Marie Franc for assistance with project coordination and Skye Harper for field assistance. We also appreciate the California Department of Water Resources for providing the online weather data through the California Irrigation Management Information System and the East Bay Municipal Utility District for providing access to the study site. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00704-010-0368-6 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 796AH UT WOS:000293021500010 ER PT J AU Chapin, FS Power, ME Pickett, STA Freitag, A Reynolds, JA Jackson, RB Lodge, DM Duke, C Collins, SL Power, AG Bartuska, A AF Chapin, F. Stuart, III Power, Mary E. Pickett, Steward T. A. Freitag, Amy Reynolds, Julie A. Jackson, Robert B. Lodge, David M. Duke, Clifford Collins, Scott L. Power, Alison G. Bartuska, Ann TI Earth Stewardship: science for action to sustain the human-earth system SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Earth Stewardship; Ecological Society of America; ecosystem resilience; ecosystem services; governance; human well-being; sustainability; worldview AB Human activities affect Earth's life support systems so profoundly as to threaten many of the ecological services that are essential to society. To address this challenge, a new science agenda is needed that integrates people with the rest of nature to help chart a more sustainable trajectory for the relationship between society and the biosphere. This paper describes Earth Stewardship, an initiative of the Ecological Society of America to provide the scientific basis for actively shaping trajectories of social-ecological change to enhance ecosystem resilience and human well-being. Principles for moving toward these goals include simultaneous attention to multiple scales and issues; consideration of both ecological and socioeconomic consequences; alignment of incentives with stewardship behavior; strengthening peoples' connections to valued places; and using demographic transitions as new opportunities for stewardship. Past experience provides guidelines for fostering Earth Stewardship. Early attention to sustainable pathways before problems emerge generally provides more cost-effective solutions than attempting to remediate entrenched problems. Defining sustainable pathways by assessing tradeoffs among alternative options requires careful attention to fine-scale processes, interactions, and feedbacks and to larger-scale controls and constraints. Many opportunities occur locally, through development of practices that match the properties of resources with the needs of their users. Substantial challenges remain at larger scales, including maintaining the diversity, productive capacity, and resilience of nature, which are essential for long-term human welfare. The knowledge needed to inform stewardship requires an interdisciplinary science that draws on the observations, skills, and creativity of a wide range of natural and social scientists, practitioners, and civil society. New questions and solutions will emerge when these groups work together to formulate the issues, design the research, and co-produce the observations, knowledge, and concepts that form the basis for solutions. The goal of Earth Stewardship is not to protect nature from people; rather it is to protect nature for human welfare. C1 [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Power, Mary E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pickett, Steward T. A.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Freitag, Amy] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Freitag, Amy] Duke Univ, Earth Sci Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Reynolds, Julie A.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Duke, Clifford] Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Power, Alison G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bartuska, Ann] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM terry.chapin@alaska.edu RI Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Duke, Clifford/0000-0002-8041-4267 NR 121 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 2 IS 8 AR UNSP 89 DI 10.1890/ES11-00166.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IY UT WOS:000208810900003 ER PT J AU Kelley, AM Fay, PA Polley, HW Gill, RA Jackson, RB AF Kelley, Alexia M. Fay, Philip A. Polley, H. Wayne Gill, Richard A. Jackson, Robert B. TI Atmospheric CO2 and soil extracellular enzyme activity: a meta-analysis and CO2 gradient experiment SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE alpha-glucosidase; cellobiohydrolase; elevated CO2; grassland; leucine aminopeptidase; N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; phosphatase; soil texture; xylosidase AB Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations can alter carbon and nutrient cycling and microbial processes in terrestrial ecosystems. One of the primary ways microbes interact with soil organic matter is through the production of extracellular enzymes, which break down complex organic molecules and release nutrients into the soil. We conducted a meta-analysis of 34 studies that examined responses in microbial enzyme activity to elevated CO2. We also conducted a field study of soil enzyme activity in a tallgrass-prairie ecosystem growing in sandy loam (lower organic matter content) and clayey soils (higher organic matter content) exposed to a continuous gradient of 250 to 500 ppm CO2. Of the 10 enzyme groups examined in the meta-analysis, including those degrading starch, beta-glucan, cellulose, xylan/hemicellulose, lignin, organic P, and organic N, only the activity of one enzyme that degrades the C-and N-containing building blocks of chitin (N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) increased consistently at elevated CO2 by an average of 12.6% (p < 0.05), especially in field studies and in woody ecosystems. In our field study, increasing CO2 from subambient to elevated concentrations reduced the activity of leucine aminopeptidase by 32% in the black clay soil during the peak of the growing season, while beta-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase increased by 44% near the end of the season, indicating increased N limitation with increasing CO2. In the sandy loam soil, alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 42% with CO2 enrichment at the end of the growing season, suggesting CO2-induced phosphorus limitation in these soils. Additionally, a 53-83% decrease in the carbon cycling enzymes cellobiohydrolase, alpha-glucosidase, and xylosidase activity with increased CO2 was found in July. Our field study shows that soil type can strongly influence how microbial functioning may change with rising CO2 concentrations and that microbial responses associated with C-, N-, and P-cycling are likely to change-and may already have changed-with increasing CO2 under some soil types and conditions. Our meta-analysis revealed that, despite variable enzyme activities with CO2, chitinase activity increased consistently with CO2 across ecosystems. C1 [Kelley, Alexia M.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fay, Philip A.; Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Gill, Richard A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Ctr Global Change, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Kelley, AM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alexia.kelley@gmail.com OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU U.S. Department of Energy [ER64242]; USDA-ARS FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (Program in Ecosystem Research #ER64242) and the USDA-ARS. Ben Colman, John Kim, Virginia Jin, Alicia Naranjo, Anne Gibson, Kyle Tiner, Chris Kolodziejczyk, and Katherine Jones provided considerable help in the field and laboratory, Josh Starmer assisted with the meta-analysis, and Ben Colman, Sean Berthrong, the Jackson lab, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 2 IS 8 AR UNSP 96 DI 10.1890/ES11-00117.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IY UT WOS:000208810900010 ER PT J AU Kroemer, JA Nusawardani, T Rausch, MA Moser, SE Hellmich, RL AF Kroemer, J. A. Nusawardani, T. Rausch, M. A. Moser, S. E. Hellmich, R. L. TI Transcript analysis and comparative evaluation of shaker and slowmo gene homologues from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect behaviour; gene expression; slowmo; shaker; mRNA splicing ID AUTOMATED PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; DROSOPHILA-SHAKER; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; SEED MIXTURES; I-TASSER; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; BEHAVIORAL MUTANTS; INSECT ADAPTATION; PEST-CONTROL AB The movement and dispersal of larval Lepidoptera impact their survival and distribution within the natural landscape. Homologues of the Drosophila behaviour-linked genes shaker (shkr) and slowmo (slmo) were identified from Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Onshkr was isolated as a 1610-nucleotide (nt) constitutively expressed transcript encoding a membrane-localized 469-amino-acid (aa) protein with a conserved tetramerization domain and the six-domain architecture necessary for the molecule to fold into an active K+ channel. Three expressed splice variants of 682, 970 and 1604 nt were identified for the Onslmo gene, and encode predicted 141 and 228 aa proteins with a conserved protein of relevant evolutionary and lymphoid interest (PRELI) domain that may function in mitochondrial protein sorting and perinuclear protein localization. Onshkr and Onslmo protein sequences aligned within monophyletic lepidopteran groups. C1 [Kroemer, J. A.; Moser, S. E.; Hellmich, R. L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nusawardani, T.; Rausch, M. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moser, S. E.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA USA. RP Kroemer, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGRU Genet Lab, Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jkroemer@iastate.edu FU [USDA-ARS-CRIS-017] FX This research is a contribution from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and was supported by USDA-ARS-CRIS-017. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by USDA or Iowa State University for its use. The authors would like to thank Dr Brad Coates and Lisa Fraser for degenerate primer contributions and preliminary short sequence fragments. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 493 EP 506 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01080.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 794AN UT WOS:000292866200007 PM 21672063 ER PT J AU Emir, UE Raatz, S McPherson, S Hodges, JS Torkelson, C Tawfik, P White, T Terpstra, M AF Emir, Uzay E. Raatz, Susan McPherson, Susan Hodges, James S. Torkelson, Carolyn Tawfik, Pierre White, Tonya Terpstra, Melissa TI Noninvasive quantification of ascorbate and glutathione concentration in the elderly human brain SO NMR IN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ascorbate; glutathione; lactate; brain; human; aging; MEGA-PRESS; MRS ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; VIVO H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; VITAMIN-C; RAT-BRAIN; ECHO-TIME; METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ACID TRANSPORT AB In this study, ascorbate (Asc) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were quantified noninvasively using double-edited H-1 MRS at 4 T in the occipital cortex of healthy young [age (mean +/- standard deviation) = 20.4 +/- 1.4 years] and elderly (age = 76.6 +/- 6.1 years) human subjects. Elderly subjects had a lower GSH concentration than younger subjects (p < 0.05). The Asc concentration was not significantly associated with age. Furthermore, the lactate (Lac) concentration was higher in elderly than young subjects. Lower GSH and higher Lac concentrations are indications of defective protection against oxidative damage and impaired mitochondrial respiration. The extent to which the observed concentration differences could be associated with physiological differences and methodological artifacts is discussed. In conclusion, GSH and Asc concentrations were compared noninvasively for the first time in young vs elderly subjects. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Emir, Uzay E.; Terpstra, Melissa] Univ Minnesota, Dept Radiol, Ctr Magnet Resonance Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Raatz, Susan] USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. [McPherson, Susan] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hodges, James S.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [White, Tonya] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [White, Tonya] Erasmus MC, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [White, Tonya] Erasmus MC, Dept Radiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Emir, UE (reprint author), 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM uzay@cmrr.umn.edu OI emir, uzay/0000-0001-5376-0431 FU National Institutes of Health [R21-AG029582, P41-RR008079, P30-NS057091, M01-RR00400, S10 RR023730] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health through grant numbers R21-AG029582, P41-RR008079, P30-NS057091, M01-RR00400 and S10 RR023730. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-3480 J9 NMR BIOMED JI NMR Biomed. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 7 BP 888 EP 894 DI 10.1002/nbm.1646 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA 817PS UT WOS:000294686900016 PM 21834011 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, JR Kale, SP Bhatnagar, D Yu, JJ Ehrlich, KC AF Wilkinson, Jeffrey R. Kale, Shubha P. Bhatnagar, Deepak Yu, Jiujiang Ehrlich, Kenneth C. TI Expression Profiling of Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus Mutants Obtained by 5-Azacytosine Treatment or Serial Mycelial Transfer SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; microarray; 5-azacytidine; Aspergillus parasiticus; secondary metabolism; fluffy phenotype ID SECONDARY METABOLISM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT; AFLR; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; NIDULANS; PROTEIN AB Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Previous studies found that repeated serial mycelial transfer or treatment of A. parasiticus with 5-azacytidine produced colonies with a fluffy phenotype and inability to produce aflatoxins. To understand how these treatments affect expression of genes involved in aflatoxin production and development, we carried out expressed sequence tag (EST)-based microarray assays to identify genes in treated clones that are differentially expressed compared to the wild-type. Expression of 183 genes was significantly dysregulated. Of these, 38 had at least two-fold or lower expression compared to the untreated control and only two had two-fold or higher expression. The most frequent change was downregulation of genes predicted to encode membrane-bound proteins. Based on this result we hypothesize that the treatments cause changes in the structure of cellular and organelle membranes that prevent normal development and aflatoxin biosynthesis. C1 [Wilkinson, Jeffrey R.; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Yu, Jiujiang; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Kale, Shubha P.] Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jrw@juno.com; skale@xula.edu; deepak.bhatnagar@ars.usda.gov; jiujiang.yu@ars.usda.gov; ken.ehrlich@ars.usda.gov FU NIH/NCI [5 SC1 CA138242-03] FX We thank H. Abbas for aflatoxin analyses and D. Boykin for statistical analyses (USDA/ARS/MSA, Stoneville, MS, 38776), R. Shivaji (Mississippi State University, MS 39762) and K. Nguyen (Xavier University, New Orleans) for technical help, and R.J. Obrian and G.A. Payne (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606) for help to J.R. Wilkinson with microarray analyses. A portion of this research was supported by NIH/NCI grant number 5 SC1 CA138242-03 to S.P Kale. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD AUG PY 2011 VL 3 IS 8 BP 932 EP 948 DI 10.3390/toxins3080932 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 995AU UT WOS:000307978900001 PM 22069749 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE AF Duke, Stephen O. Dayan, Franck E. TI Modes of Action of Microbially-Produced Phytotoxins SO TOXINS LA English DT Review DE antibiotic; herbicide; phytotoxin ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; SYRINGAE PV-SYRINGAE; GLUTAMATE 1-SEMIALDEHYDE AMINOTRANSFERASE; FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; RNA POLYMERASE-III; ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE; BLASTICIDIN-S; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY AB Some of the most potent phytotoxins are synthesized by microbes. A few of these share molecular target sites with some synthetic herbicides, but many microbial toxins have unique target sites with potential for exploitation by the herbicide industry. Compounds from both non-pathogenic and pathogenic microbes are discussed. Microbial phytotoxins with modes of action the same as those of commercial herbicides and those with novel modes of action of action are covered. Examples of the compounds discussed are tentoxin, AAL-toxin, auscaulitoxin aglycone, hydantocidin, thaxtomin, and tabtoxin. C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Stephen.Duke@ars.usda.gov; Franck.Dayan@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 174 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 43 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD AUG PY 2011 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1038 EP 1064 DI 10.3390/toxins3081038 PG 27 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 995AU UT WOS:000307978900008 PM 22069756 ER PT J AU Nghiem, NP Montanti, J Johnston, DB Drapcho, C AF Nghiem, Nhuan P. Montanti, Justin Johnston, David B. Drapcho, Caye TI Fractionation of Corn Fiber Treated by Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) for Isolation of Hemicellulose B and Production of C5 Sugars by Enzyme Hydrolysis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lignocellulosic biomass; Pretreatment; Hemicellulose; Arabinoxylan; Soaking in aqueous ammonia; Corn fiber; Ethanol ID ETHANOL; CONVERSION; GUM AB A process was developed to fractionate and isolate the hemicellulose B component of corn fiber generated by corn wet milling. The process consisted of pretreatment by soaking in aqueous ammonia followed by enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, during which the hemicellulose B was solubilized by cleavage into xylo-oligosaccharides and subsequently recovered by precipitation with ethanol. The pretreatment step resulted in high retention of major sugars and improvement of subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The recovered hemicellulose B was hydrolyzed by a cocktail of enzymes that consisted of beta-glucosidase, pectinase, xylanase, and ferulic acid esterase (FAE). Xylanase alone was ineffective, demonstrating yields of less than 2% of xylose and arabinose. The greatest xylose and arabinose yields, 44% and 53%, respectively, were obtained by the combination of pectinase and FAE. A mass balance accounted for 87% of the initially present glucan, 91% of the xylan, and 90% of the arabinan. The developed process offered a means for production of corn fiber gum as a value-added co-product and C5 sugars, which could be converted to other valuable co-products through fermentation in a corn wet-milling biorefinery. C1 [Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Johnston, David B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Montanti, Justin; Drapcho, Caye] Clemson Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Nghiem@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 27 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 164 IS 8 BP 1390 EP 1404 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9220-4 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 789YC UT WOS:000292554500013 PM 21399929 ER PT J AU Vidal, BC Dien, BS Ting, KC Singh, V AF Vidal, Bernardo C., Jr. Dien, Bruce S. Ting, K. C. Singh, Vijay TI Influence of Feedstock Particle Size on Lignocellulose Conversion-A Review SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cellulosic ethanol; Lignocellulose conversion; Biomass particle size; Biomass recalcitrance ID STEAM-EXPLOSION PRETREATMENT; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CORN STOVER; SULFURIC-ACID; CHIP SIZE; CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; BIOMASS; ETHANOL AB Feedstock particle sizing can impact the economics of cellulosic ethanol commercialization through its effects on conversion yield and energy cost. Past studies demonstrated that particle size influences biomass enzyme digestibility to a limited extent. Physical size reduction was able to increase conversion rates to maximum of a parts per thousand 50%, whereas chemical modification achieved conversions of > 70% regardless of biomass particle size. This suggests that (1) mechanical pretreatment by itself is insufficient to attain economically feasible biomass conversion, and, therefore, (2) necessary particle sizing needs to be determined in the context of thermochemical pretreatment employed for lignocellulose conversion. Studies of thermochemical pretreatments that have taken into account particle size as a factor have exhibited a wide range of maximal sizes (i.e., particle sizes below which no increase in pretreatment effectiveness, measured in terms of the enzymatic conversion resulting from the pretreatment, were observed) from < 0.15 to 50 mm. Maximal sizes as defined above were dependent on the pretreatment employed, with maximal size range decreasing as follows: steam explosion > liquid hot water > dilute acid and base pretreatments. Maximal sizes also appeared dependent on feedstock, with herbaceous or grassy biomass exhibiting lower maximal size range (< 3 mm) than woody biomass (> 3 mm). Such trends, considered alongside the intensive energy requirement of size reduction processes, warrant a more systematic study of particle size effects across different pretreatment technologies and feedstock, as a requisite for optimizing the feedstock supply system. C1 [Vidal, Bernardo C., Jr.; Ting, K. C.; Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dien, Bruce S.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@illinois.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 68 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 67 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 164 IS 8 BP 1405 EP 1421 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9221-3 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 789YC UT WOS:000292554500014 PM 21442289 ER PT J AU Spellman, BT Wurtz, TL AF Spellman, Blaine T. Wurtz, Tricia L. TI Invasive sweetclover (Melilotus alba) impacts native seedling recruitment along floodplains of interior Alaska SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Boreal; Competition; Invasion; Non-native species; Recruitment; Riparian ID PRIMARY SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; HIGH-LATITUDES; LIMITATION; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; MECHANISMS; GRASSLAND; ECOSYSTEMS AB Sweetclover (Melilotus alba) is a non-native legume that has formed dense and extensive patches along several rivers in Alaska. Our research objective was to determine if sweetclover impacts recruitment of native seedlings in floodplain habitats. To determine if sweetclover impacted recruitment, we conducted a removal experiment along two rivers in interior Alaska. When compared to areas where sweetclover was removed, areas with sweetclover had approximately 50% greater mortality of native seedlings, 25% less recruiting species, and a significant reduction in the quantity of light available to seedlings on floodplain surfaces. To determine if sweetclover shading was a mechanism that limited seedling recruitment, we grew eight common early-successional floodplain plant species in a greenhouse under a range of lighting conditions that were representative of shading under sweetclover. We observed that species restricted to the earliest seral stages of floodplain succession experienced greater reductions in biomass than species that persist into later stages of floodplain succession. Shading seedlings in a greenhouse did not lead to mortality during the growing season. However, when seedlings were over-wintered, we observed that greater shading during the growing season can result in higher seedling mortality. Our study indicates sweetclover invasions have created a novel shade environment in early seral floodplain plant communities, which has the potential to alter community composition. To preserve biodiversity and structure of plant communities, sweetclover should be actively managed to prevent its spread onto additional glacial rivers in Alaska. C1 [Spellman, Blaine T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Wurtz, Tricia L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Spellman, BT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM blainespellman@gmail.com FU U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit (Fairbanks); Center for Invasive Plant Management; Murie Science and Learning Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1224] FX We thank Travis Belote, Jeff Conn, John Fox, Christa Mulder, Steve Seefeldt, Dana Thomas, Katie Spellman and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. We thank the University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology Greenhouse and the Alaska Plant Material Center for supporting our greenhouse experiment. We thank Heather McIntyre, Mark Winterstein, Gretchen Garcia, Andrea Chin, Rachel Lord, Morgan Skidmore, and Katie Spellman for research assistance. This research was funded by the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit (Fairbanks); Center for Invasive Plant Management; Murie Science and Learning Center; and a University of Alaska Fairbanks Center for Global Change and Arctic Systems Research Award funded by the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research through cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2011 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1779 EP 1790 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9931-4 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 789YS UT WOS:000292556200008 ER PT J AU Mariano, AP Qureshi, N Maciel, R Ezeji, TC AF Mariano, Adriano Pinto Qureshi, Nasib Maciel Filho, Rubens Ezeji, Thaddeus Chukwuemeka TI Bioproduction of Butanol in Bioreactors: New Insights From Simultaneous In Situ Butanol Recovery to Eliminate Product Toxicity SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE butanol; ABE; Clostridium beijerinckii P260; vacuum fermentation; integrated process ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; ABE FERMENTATION; ETHANOL; PERVAPORATION; ACETONE; VACUUM; ACETOBUTYLICUM; TECHNOLOGIES; INHIBITION; SUBSTRATE AB Simultaneous acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii P260 and in situ product recovery was investigated using a vacuum process operated in two modes: continuous and intermittent. Integrated batch fermentations and ABE recovery were conducted at 37 degrees C using a 14-L bioreactor (7.0 L fermentation volume) containing initial substrate (glucose) concentration of 60 g/L. The bioreactor was connected in series with a condensation system and vacuum pump. Vacuum was applied continuously or intermittently with 1.5 h vacuum sessions separated by 4, 6, and 8 h intervals. A control ABE fermentation experiment was characterized by incomplete glucose utilization due to butanol toxicity to C. beijerinckii P260, while fermentation coupled with in situ recovery by both continuous and intermittent vacuum modes resulted in complete utilization of glucose, greater productivity, improved cell growth, and concentrated recovered ABE stream. These results demonstrate that vacuum technology can be applied to integrated ABE fermentation and recovery even though the boiling point of butanol is greater than that of water. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 1757-1765. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Mariano, Adriano Pinto; Ezeji, Thaddeus Chukwuemeka] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mariano, Adriano Pinto; Maciel Filho, Rubens] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Sch Chem Engn, Lab Optimizat Design & Adv Control LOPCA, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Qureshi, Nasib] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ezeji, TC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM ezeji.1@osu.edu RI Mariano, Adriano/H-8170-2012; Biofabris, Inct/I-2418-2013; FAPESP, BIOEN/H-6149-2012; Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Mariano, Adriano/0000-0003-2934-992X; Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X FU US Department of Transportation (USDOT) [GRT00012344]; Northeast Sun grant Initiative [GRT00012344]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) Brazil [2007/00341-1]; Ohio BioProducts Innovation Center (OBIC) OSU; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2007/00341-1] FX Contract grant sponsor: US Department of Transportation (USDOT) and Northeast Sun grant Initiative; Contract grant number: GRT00012344; Contract grant sponsor: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) Brazil; Contract grant number: 2007/00341-1; Contract grant sponsor: Ohio BioProducts Innovation Center (OBIC) OSU; This research was supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT) and Northeast Sun grant Initiative Award/Contract number GRT00012344, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) (process number 2007/00341-1), and Ohio BioProducts Innovation Center (OBIC) OSU. We would like to thank Prof. David Jones (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand) for his generous gift of Clostridium beijerinckii P260. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 108 IS 8 BP 1757 EP 1765 DI 10.1002/bit.23123 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 790PV UT WOS:000292602600003 PM 21370232 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Thompson, SR Weber, S Liu, ZL Moon, J AF Slininger, Patricia J. Thompson, Stephanie R. Weber, Scott Liu, Z. Lewis Moon, Jaewoong TI Repression of Xylose-Specific Enzymes by Ethanol in Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis and Utility of Repitching Xylose-Grown Populations to Eliminate Diauxic Lag SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE xylose reductase; xylitol dehydrogenase; xylose transport; repression; induction; cell recycle; ethanol; xylose; lignocellulose ID FERMENTING SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITIES; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; NRRL Y-7124; YEAST; FERMENTATION; GLUCOSE; KINETICS; CONVERSION; REDUCTASE AB During the fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates to ethanol by native pentose-fermenting yeasts such as Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis NRRL Y-7124 (CBS 5773) and Pachysolen tannophilus NRRL Y-2460, the switch from glucose to xylose uptake results in a diauxic lag unless process strategies to prevent this are applied. When yeast were grown on glucose and resuspended in mixed sugars, the length of this lag was observed to be a function of the glucose concentration consumed (and consequently, the ethanol concentration accumulated) prior to the switch from glucose to xylose fermentation. At glucose concentrations of 95 g/L, the switch to xylose utilization was severely stalled such that efficient xylose fermentation could not occur. Further investigation focused on the impact of ethanol on cellular xylose transport and the induction and maintenance of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities when large cell populations of S. stipitis NRRL Y-7124 were pre-grown on glucose or xylose and then presented mixtures of glucose and xylose for fermentation. Ethanol concentrations around 50 g/L fully repressed enzyme induction although xylose transport into the cells was observed to be occurring. Increasing degrees of repression were documented between 15 and 45 g/L ethanol. Repitched cell populations grown on xylose resulted in faster fermentation rates, particularly on xylose but also on glucose, and eliminated diauxic lag and stalling during mixed sugar conversion by P. tannophilus or S. stipitis, despite ethanol accumulations in the 60 or 70 g/L range, respectively. The process strategy of priming cells on xylose was key to the successful utilization of high mixed sugar concentrations because specific enzymes for xylose utilization could be induced before ethanol concentration accumulated to an inhibitory level. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 1801-1815. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Slininger, Patricia J.; Thompson, Stephanie R.; Weber, Scott; Liu, Z. Lewis; Moon, Jaewoong] USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pat.slininger@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 108 IS 8 BP 1801 EP 1815 DI 10.1002/bit.23119 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 790PV UT WOS:000292602600007 PM 21370229 ER PT J AU Pinero, JC Mau, RFL Vargas, RI AF Pinero, J. C. Mau, R. F. L. Vargas, R. I. TI A comparative assessment of the response of three fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) to a spinosad-based bait: effect of ammonium acetate, female age, and protein hunger SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait; behaviour; food baits; bait station; physiological state; IPM ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; MELON FLIES DIPTERA; BACTROCERA-CUCURBITAE; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; PAPAYA ORCHARDS; ATTRACTION; GF-120; HAWAII; SPRAYS; MORTALITY AB Ammonia-releasing substances are known to play an important role in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) attraction to food sources, and this information has been exploited for the development of effective synthetic food-based lures and insecticidal baits. In field studies conducted in Hawaii, we examined the behavioural response of wild female oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)), melon fly (B. cucurbitae (Coquillett)), and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) to spinosad-based GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait (c) formulated to contain either 0, 1 or 2% ammonium acetate. Use of visually-attractive yellow bait stations for bait application in the field allowed for proper comparisons among bait formulations. Field cage tests were also conducted to investigate, using a comparative behavioural approach, the effects of female age and protein starvation on the subsequent response of F(1) generation B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis to the same three bait formulations that were evaluated in the field. Our field results indicate a significant positive effect of the presence, regardless of amount, of AA in GF-120 for B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae. For C. capitata, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the relative amounts of AA in bait and female response. GF-120 with no AA was significantly more attractive to female C. capitata, but not to female B. dorsalis or B. cucurbitae, than the control treatment. Our field cage results indicate that the effects of varying amounts of AA present in GF-120 can be modulated by the physiological stage of the female flies and that the response of female B. cucurbitae to GF-120 was consistently greater than that of B. dorsalis over the various ages and levels of protein starvation regimes evaluated. Results are discussed in light of their applications for effective fruit fly suppression. C1 [Pinero, J. C.; Mau, R. F. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vargas, R. I.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pinero, JC (reprint author), Lincoln Univ Missouri, Allen Hall 212,900 Chestnut St, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. EM pineroj@lincolnu.edu FU USDA-ARS FX We thank Nicholle Konanui, Les Oride and Steven Souder for important technical assistance and Luc Leblanc (University of Hawaii at Manoa) and two anonymous reviewers for very useful comments to earlier versions of this manuscript. We are grateful to Ray Boucher (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) for kindly formulating the test materials specifically for our lab and to Neil Miller (USDA ARS) for suggestions and important organizational help. This research was partially supported by a USDA-ARS agreement for fruit fly research administered by the college of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1017/S0007485310000386 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 790TR UT WOS:000292612600001 PM 20961468 ER PT J AU Liu, B Becnel, JJ Zhang, Y Zhou, L AF Liu, B. Becnel, J. J. Zhang, Y. Zhou, L. TI Induction of reaper ortholog mx in mosquito midgut cells following baculovirus infection SO CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; apoptosis; reaper, michelob_x; mosquito ID CULEX-NIGRIPALPUS; DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS; GENOME SEQUENCE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; IN-VIVO; APOPTOSIS; GENE; DEATH; INHIBITOR; IAP AB Many vertebrate and insect viruses possess antiapoptotic genes that are required for their infectivity. This led to the hypothesis that apoptosis is an innate immunoresponse important for limiting virus infections. The role of apoptosis may be especially important in insect antiviral defense because of the lack of adaptive immunity. However, the cellular mechanism that elicits apoptosis in response to viral infection in insects has not been determined. Using an in vivo infection system with the mosquito baculovirus CuniNPV (Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus), we demonstrated that michelob_x (mx), the mosquito ortholog of Drosophila proapoptotic gene reaper, is specifically induced in larval midgut cells following viral infection. Interestingly, the dynamics of mx induction corresponds with the outcome of the infection. In the permissive mosquito C. quinquefasciatus, a slow induction of mx failed to induce prompt apoptosis, and the infected cells eventually undergo necrosis with heavy loads of encapsulated viruses. In contrast, in the refractory mosquito Aedes aegypti, a rapid induction of mx within 30 min p.i. is followed by apoptosis within 2-6 h p.i., suggesting a possible role for apoptosis in limiting viral infection. When the execution of apoptosis was delayed by caspase inhibitors, viral gene expression became detectable in the A. aegypti larvae. Cell Death and Differentiation (2011) 18, 1337-1345; doi:10.1038/cdd.2011.8; published online 18 February 2011 C1 [Liu, B.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, UF Shands Canc Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Becnel, J. J.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Zhou, L (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, UF Shands Canc Ctr, POB 103633,2033 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM leizhou@ufl.edu RI Liu, Bo/K-1268-2016 FU NIH [R21AI067555, R56AI079074] FX This work was supported by NIH Grants R21AI067555 and R56AI079074. We are very grateful for the insightful comments provided by Dr. Rollie Clem on this manuscript and for the excellent technical support provided by Neil Sanscrainte and Kelly Anderson at USDA/CMAVE at Gainesville, FL, USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1350-9047 J9 CELL DEATH DIFFER JI Cell Death Differ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP 1337 EP 1345 DI 10.1038/cdd.2011.8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 791BE UT WOS:000292634000013 PM 21331076 ER PT J AU Hake, S Bolduc, N O'Connor, D Moon, JH Lewis, M AF Hake, Sarah Bolduc, Nathalie O'Connor, Devin Moon, Jihyun Lewis, Michael TI How a leaf is patterned SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUL 21-25, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Dev Biol C1 [Hake, Sarah; Bolduc, Nathalie; O'Connor, Devin; Moon, Jihyun; Lewis, Michael] UC Berkeley, USDA ARS, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 356 IS 1 MA 34 BP 115 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.049 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 792XT UT WOS:000292784400039 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Court, MH Blumberg, JB Chen, CYO AF Bolling, Bradley W. Court, Michael H. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver TI Microsomal Quercetin Glucuronidation in Rat Small Intestine Depends on Age and Segment SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; ENZYME INDUCERS; GENE-REGULATION; UP-REGULATION; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; FLAVONOIDS; PLASMA AB UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity toward the flavonoid quercetin and UGT protein were characterized in three equidistant small intestine (SI) segments from 4-, 12-, 18-, and 28-month-old male Fischer 344 rats (n = 8/age) using villin to control for enterocyte content. SI microsomal intrinsic clearance of quercetin was increased 3- to 9-fold from 4 months in the proximal and distal SI at 12 and 18 months. Likewise, at 30 mu M quercetin, SI microsomal glucuronidation activity was increased with age: 4.8- and 3.9-fold greater at 18 months than at 4 months. Quercetin UGT regioselectivity was not changed by age. The distal SI preferentially catalyzed glucuronidation at the 7-position, whereas the proximal SI produced the greatest proportion of 4'- and 3'-conjugates. Enterocyte UGT content in different SI segments was not consistently changed with age. In the proximal SI, UGT1A increased 64 and 150% at 12 and 18 months and UGT1A1, UGT1A7, and UGT1A8 were also increased at 12 and 18 months. However, age-related changes in expression were inconsistent in the medial and distal segments. Microsomal rates of quercetin glucuronidation and UGT expression were positively correlated with UGT1A1 content for all pooled samples (r = 0.467) and at each age (r = 0.538-0.598). UGT1A7 was positively correlated with total, 7-O- and 3-O-quercetin glucuronidation at 18 months. Thus, age-related differences in UGT quercetin glucuronidation depend on intestinal segment, are more pronounced in the proximal and distal segments and may be partially related to UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 content. C1 [Bolling, Bradley W.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Court, Michael H.] Tufts Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [K12-GM074869, R01-GM061834]; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Grants K12-GM074869, R01-GM061834]; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-7-707]. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1406 EP 1414 DI 10.1124/dmd.111.038406 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 793JJ UT WOS:000292817100012 PM 21543555 ER PT J AU Ablard, K Fairhurst, S Andersen, G Schaefer, P Gries, G AF Ablard, Kelly Fairhurst, Sarah Andersen, Gillian Schaefer, Paul Gries, Gerhard TI Mechanisms, functions, and fitness consequences of pre- and post-copulatory rituals of the parasitoid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE egg parasitoid; mating ritual; mate guarding; trance; courtship; intraspecific competition; pheromone; mechanical; Hymenoptera; Encyrtidae ID COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; MATING SYSTEMS; SPALANGIA-ENDIUS; SEXUAL SELECTION; HYMENOPTERA; INSEMINATION; PTEROMALIDAE; APHELINIDAE; ENCYRTIDAE; POLYANDRY AB Males and females of the parasitoid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) emerge en masse from gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Lymantriinae), host egg masses. Males engage females in a brief pre-copulatory ritual, mate, and then execute a post-copulatory ritual. We investigated mechanisms, functions, and fitness consequences of the pre- and post-copulatory ritual by high-speed cinematography, gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of volatile constituents on the insects' integument, and behavioral assays. Our data indicate that the mechanisms of the pre- and post-copulatory ritual are physical interactions rather than pheromone transfer. During the pre-copulatory ritual, the males put females into a trance-like state that persists for some time after copulation. Males attained a mating with in-trance females 9.5 times faster than with females that had come out of trance. Mated females with post-copulatory ritual experience did not remate, whereas females lacking that experience did. The total number of offspring and daughters did not differ between females with or without post-copulatory ritual experience or in relation to the duration of that ritual. The post-copulatory ritual functions as a form of mate guarding in that the male accelerates awakening of the in-trance female, which then rejects mating attempts by other males, ensuring his paternity. C1 [Ablard, Kelly; Fairhurst, Sarah; Andersen, Gillian; Gries, Gerhard] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Schaefer, Paul] USDA, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Contech Enterprises; SC Johnson Canada; Global Forest Science [GF-18-2007-226, GF-18-2007-227] FX We thank R. Gries for assistance with analytical chemistry; J. Nilson, S. McCann, and S. Takacs for technical support; E. Kiehlmann, J. Cory, B. Crespi, and R. Ydenberg for comments on the manuscript; and two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. Funding was provided by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)-Discovery Grant and by an NSERC-Industrial Research Chair to GG, with Contech Enterprises, SC Johnson Canada, and Global Forest Science (GF-18-2007-226; GF-18-2007-227) as sponsors. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01137.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 792LH UT WOS:000292745700002 ER PT J AU Domingue, MJ Csoka, G Toth, M Vetek, G Penzes, B Mastro, V Baker, TC AF Domingue, Michael J. Csoka, Gyoergy Toth, Miklos Vetek, Gabor Penzes, Bela Mastro, Victor Baker, Thomas C. TI Field observations of visual attraction of three European oak buprestid beetles toward conspecific and heterospecific models SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE invasive species; sexual communication; Agrilus; forest pest; mate choice; mating behavior; paratrooper; heterospecific attraction; Coleoptera; Buprestidae; Quercus ID EMERALD ASH BORER; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENT; BARK BEETLES; NORTH-AMERICA; FAIRMAIRE; RESOURCE; COL.; ULTRAVIOLET; SCOLYTIDAE AB Agrilus biguttatus Fabricius, Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire, and Agrilus angustulus Illiger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are three beetle species associated with oak trees [Quercus spp. (Fagaceae)] in Europe. In Hungary, all three species were observed in the foliage near freshly cut oak log piles. Agrilus biguttatus was active later in the afternoon, whereas the other species were observed earlier in the day. Dead female models of these three native Agrilus species, as well as the native species Agrilus cyanescens Ratzeburg and the non-native Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, were pinned onto adjacent leaves in direct sunlight to observe the visual mating approaches of the local male populations. Agrilus biguttatus and A. sulcicollis males flew toward and landed directly on the models from a distance of 1 m. Agrilus angustulus flew toward the models from a similar distance, but rather than landing directly on a model would alight on the leaf, 1-2 cm away, before walking closer to the model while antennating it. For all three species, there was substantial cross-attraction to models of other species. Both A. biguttatus and A. sulcicollis males chose A. angustulus models less often than their respective conspecific models. Likewise, A. angustulus males approached A. sulcicollis models less often than their normal conspecific models. Agrilus biguttatus males attempted to copulate with both A. biguttatus and A. planipennis models, afterward remaining with them for several minutes. Agrilus biguttatus males spent more time on A. planipennis models than on conspecific models. Thus, there is substantial cross-species attraction in visually mediated mating approaches and copulation behavior. These findings suggest a common behavioral template for visual mate-finding among buprestids and a large degree of close-range mating compatibility between A. biguttatus and A. planipennis. C1 [Domingue, Michael J.; Baker, Thomas C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Csoka, Gyoergy] Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Protect, Matrafured, Hungary. [Toth, Miklos] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Budapest, Hungary. [Vetek, Gabor; Penzes, Bela] Corvinus Univ, Dept Entomol, Budapest, Hungary. [Mastro, Victor] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Buzzards Bay, MA USA. RP Domingue, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjd29@psu.edu RI Domingue, Michael/G-1361-2011 FU USDA-APHIS; OTKA [K 81494] FX Funding was provided by the USDA-APHIS program supporting the Development of Detection Tools for Exotic Buprestid Beetles. Experimental costs inside Hungary were partially covered by OTKA grant K 81494 to TM. Gabor Szocs of the Hungarian Academy of Science also helped to facilitate travel arrangements and contributed to discussions about the research. The Hungarian Forest Research Institute aided in the location of field sites. Special thanks to its employees Andras Koltay, Levente Szocs, and Gergely Janik for their assistance. Jon Lelito collected the A. planipennis and A. cyanescens specimens used as models. The authors also are indebted to Jozsef Muskovics (Budapest, Hungary) for donation of pinned sample specimens of A. biguttatus and A. sulcicollis from his collection, which were used as references for identification. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01139.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 792LH UT WOS:000292745700003 ER PT J AU Richardson, ML Lagos, DM Mitchell, RF Hartman, GL Voegtlin, DJ AF Richardson, Matthew L. Lagos, Doris M. Mitchell, Robert F. Hartman, Glen L. Voegtlin, David J. TI Life history and morphological plasticity of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE lifespan; growth rate; fecundity; antennal segments; caudal hairs; body color; Hemiptera; Aphididae; Fabaceae; Glycine max ID HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), from eastern Asia that was first reported in North America in 2000. The influence of temperature on plasticity of life history and morphological traits of the soybean aphid has not been tested despite observable differences in population growth and morphology among isolates in laboratory colonies. Therefore, we used three isolates of the aphid to test whether lifespan, growth rate, fecundity, and morphology were plastic at 16, 24, and 28 degrees C. Population size of the aphid was influenced by temperature, probably because two reproductive traits, maximum number of offspring in 1 day and total fecundity, were plastic and increased in successive generations at 24 degrees C. All morphological traits were plastic, including lengths of body parts, number of antennal segments and caudal hairs, and color of siphunculi and body, and they were differentially influenced by isolate and temperature. Knowledge about the life history and morphology of the soybean aphid may help identify its capacity for phenotypic plasticity in heterogeneous temperatures and identify how temperature influences its survival, population growth, and diversity. C1 [Richardson, Matthew L.; Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lagos, Doris M.; Mitchell, Robert F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Voegtlin, David J.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Voegtlin, DJ (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 134 NSRC,1101W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dvoegtli@illinois.edu FU United Soybean Board; North Central Soybean Research Program; North Central Integrated Pest Management Program FX We thank C. B. Hill and L. Crull for help maintaining the isolates, L. M. Hanks for use of computer equipment, and two anonymous reviewers for improving the clarity of this manuscript. Partial financial support was provided by the United Soybean Board, North Central Soybean Research Program, and the North Central Integrated Pest Management Program. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01144.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 792LH UT WOS:000292745700007 ER PT J AU Weber, DC Lundgren, JG AF Weber, Donald C. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Effect of prior diet on consumption and digestion of prey and non-prey food by adults of the generalist predator Coleomegilla maculata SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE biological control; diet switching; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; omnivory; pollen; predation; quantitative PCR; Zea mays; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; Chrysomelidae; preconditioning ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; ILLINOIS CORNFIELD; CORN POLLEN; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RESPONSES; SUITABILITY; PHYSIOLOGY; EFFICIENCY AB Insect omnivores may vary in their diets and digestion based on extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including gender and nutritional history. Here, we test two hypotheses involving an insect omnivore, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), feeding on prey [eggs of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] and non-prey [pollen of maize, Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] foods: (1) males and females consume different quantities of prey and non-prey food within a set period of time, and they digest these two foods at varying rates; and (2) dietary experience (prey vs. non-prey) affects the subsequent digestion of adults consuming these foods. Adults fed eggs or pollen did not ingest different quantities of food, although females consumed marginally more pollen than males, and males consumed marginally more eggs than females. Digestion rates, as measured by decline of quantitative PCR marker in the predators, were not significantly different for males and females, and corresponded to a quantitative half-life of 56 min for pollen and 46 min for eggs. But when newly eclosed females were fed with only prey for 7 days, they subsequently did not measurably digest non-prey food over 8 h, compared with females fed previously on pollen, which digested it with an estimated half-life of 45 min. Thus, feeding experience with some prey may cause changes in the digestive system of the predator, which later impair digestion of non-prey foods such as pollen by omnivores. This may have implications for survival and reproduction of omnivorous natural enemies released into the field or diet-switching associated with movement among habitats. C1 [Weber, Donald C.] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Weber, DC (reprint author), ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, BARC W Bldg 011A,Room 107, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Don.Weber@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01141.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 792LH UT WOS:000292745700008 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF AF Esquivel, J. F. TI Estimating potential stylet penetration of southern green stink bug - a mathematical modeling approach SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Nezara viridula; rostrum; fascicle; depth; developmental stages; cotton; boll; pathogens; Hemiptera; Pentatomidae; Gossypium hirsutum; Malvaceae ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA HEMIPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; CICADELLIDAE AB Southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and related species are significant pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), in the USA Cotton Belt. Using their stylets, adults introduce pathogens of cotton into cotton bolls, and preliminary data indicate nymphs can also ingest these pathogens. However, data are lacking regarding stylet penetration potential of N. viridula nymphs, and records of stylet penetration by adults are typically determined after damage has occurred. In this study, rostral segments of all developmental stages of N. viridula were measured to estimate potential stylet penetration depth using a novel mathematical model. Overall mean stylet penetration estimates for all stages ranged from 135.3 mu m for first instars to 2 389.3 mu m for adult females. Potential stylet penetration significantly increased as the insect progressed through nymphal stages. Penetration was also significantly affected by insect posture while feeding. Overall minimum and maximum observed lengths of rostrum ranged from 835.3 mu m (first instars) to 7 088.2 mu m (adult females), and mean rostral lengths were significantly different between all stages. This report establishes conservative baselines of potential stylet penetration depths by all nymphal stages and both adult sexes of N. viridula. Additionally, the model presented here can be used to estimate potential stylet penetration for other Hemiptera and closely related insects with similar modes of feeding. In conjunction with crop phenology data, accurate estimates of potential stylet penetration will allow more proactive approaches to pest management in a wide range of high-value cash crops affected worldwide by N. viridula. C1 ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Jesus.Esquivel@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01148.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 792LH UT WOS:000292745700010 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Calkin, DE Gilbertson-Day, JW Ager, AA AF Thompson, Matthew P. Calkin, David E. Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. Ager, Alan A. TI Advancing effects analysis for integrated, large-scale wildfire risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire risk; Risk assessment; Effects analysis; Expert system; Uncertainty ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; WILDLAND FIRE; FUEL-MANAGEMENT; EXPERT-JUDGMENT; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; ELICITATION; LANDSCAPE; KNOWLEDGE AB In this article, we describe the design and development of a quantitative, geospatial risk assessment tool intended to facilitate monitoring trends in wildfire risk over time and to provide information useful in prioritizing fuels treatments and mitigation measures. The research effort is designed to develop, from a strategic view, a first approximation of how both fire likelihood and intensity influence risk to social, economic, and ecological values at regional and national scales. Three main components are required to generate wildfire risk outputs: (1) burn probability maps generated from wildfire simulations, (2) spatially identified highly valued resources (HVRs), and (3) response functions that describe the effects of fire (beneficial or detrimental) on the HVR. Analyzing fire effects has to date presented a major challenge to integrated risk assessments, due to a limited understanding of the type and magnitude of changes wrought by wildfire to ecological and other nonmarket values. This work advances wildfire effects analysis, recognizing knowledge uncertainty and appropriately managing it through the use of an expert systems approach. Specifically, this work entailed consultation with 10 fire and fuels program management officials from federal agencies with fire management responsibilities in order to define quantitative resource response relationships as a function of fire intensity. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept application of the wildland fire risk assessment tool, using the state of Oregon as a case study. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, David E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Gilbertson-Day, Julie W.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ager, Alan A.] US Forest Serv, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Prineville, OR USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 217 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1731-x PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 792LC UT WOS:000292745000017 PM 20981570 ER PT J AU Schwartz, JS Simon, A Klimetz, L AF Schwartz, John S. Simon, Andrew Klimetz, Lauren TI Use of fish functional traits to associate in-stream suspended sediment transport metrics with biological impairment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological impairment; Sediment TMDL; Siltation; Fish autecology; Channel stability; Stressor analysis; Great Plains prairie streams ID GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; GRADIENT ILLINOIS STREAM; LOWER YELLOWSTONE RIVERS; FRESH-WATER FISHES; SPECIES TRAITS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-DAKOTA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PREY CONSUMPTION AB Loss of ecological integrity due to excessive suspended sediment in rivers and streams is a major cause of water quality impairment in the USA. Current assessment protocols for development of sediment total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) lack a means to link temporally variable sediment transport rates with specific losses of ecological functions as loads increase. In order to accomplish this linkage assessment, a functional traits-based approach was used to correlate site occurrences of 17 fish species traits in three main groups (preferred rearing habitat, trophic feeding guild, and spawning behavior) with suspended sediment transport metrics. The sediment transport metrics included concentrations, durations, and dosages for a range of exceedance frequencies; and mean annual suspended sediment yields (SSY). In addition, this study in the Northwestern Great Plains Ecoregion examined trait relationships with three environmental gradients: channel stability, drainage area, and elevation. Potential stressor responses due to elevated suspended sediment concentration (SSC) levels were correlated with occurrences of five traits: preferred pool habitat; feeding generalists, omnivores, piscivores, and nest-building spawners; and development of ecologically based TMDL targets were demonstrated for specific SSC exceedance frequencies. In addition, reduced site occurrences for preferred pool habitat and nest-building spawners traits were associated with unstable channels and higher SSY. At an ecoregion scale, a functional traits assessment approach provided a means to quantify relations between biological impairment and episodically elevated levels of suspended sediment, supporting efforts to develop ecologically based sediment TMDLs. C1 [Schwartz, John S.; Klimetz, Lauren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Simon, Andrew; Klimetz, Lauren] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Schwartz, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jschwart@utk.edu FU USEPA Region VIII; USDA National Sedimentation Laboratory [6408-13000-017-31] FX The study was funded by the USEPA Region VIII, Ecosystems Protection and Monitoring Program through a cooperative agreement with the USDA National Sedimentation Laboratory (Project # 6408-13000-017-31). We would like to thank Kris Jensen and Vern Berry, USEPA Team Leaders, and Tom Johnson and Tina Laidlaw for EMAP/REMAP data support. Additional assistance with compiling fish data included: Mike Ell and Joe Gross with the North Dakota Department of Health, Division of Water Quality; Dr. Charles Berry with the USGS South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at South Dakota State University, and Ann Harrie with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. USDA NSL staff assisted in fieldwork and GIS database support included Danny Klimetz, Brian Bell, Mark Griffith, and Wendy Dickerson. We thank USEPA staff for their helpful comments to the initial data analysis; and Victoria Ursitti for her manuscript review. NR 102 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 347 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1741-8 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 792LC UT WOS:000292745000027 PM 20981569 ER PT J AU Simpson, JR McPherson, EG AF Simpson, J. R. McPherson, E. G. TI The tree BVOC index SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Urban Environmental Pollution - Overcoming Obstacles to Sustainability and Quality of Life CY JUN 20-23, 2010 CL Boston, MA DE Air pollution; Urban trees; Biogenic carbon compounds ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; VEGETATION ENCLOSURE TECHNIQUES; TERRESTRIAL ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; MONOTERPENE EMISSION; AIR-QUALITY; MODEL; INVENTORY; LEAF; US; UNCERTAINTIES AB Urban trees can produce a number of benefits, among them improved air quality. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by some species are ozone precursors. Modifying future tree planting to favor lower-emitting species can reduce these emissions and aid air management districts in meeting federally mandated emissions reductions for these compounds. Changes in BVOC emissions are calculated as the result of transitioning to a lower-emitting species mix in future planting. A simplified method for calculating the emissions reduction and a Tree BVOC index based on the calculated reduction is described. An example illustrates the use of the index as a tool for implementation and monitoring of a tree program designed to reduce BVOC emissions as a control measure being developed as part of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Sacramento Federal Non-attainment Area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Simpson, J. R.; McPherson, E. G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95516 USA. RP Simpson, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95516 USA. EM jrsimpson@ucdavis.edu NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG-SEP PY 2011 VL 159 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 2088 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.034 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 791NB UT WOS:000292670800017 PM 21435760 ER PT J AU Tillman, GE Haas, GJ Wise, MG Oakley, B Smith, MA Siragusa, GR AF Tillman, Glenn E. Haas, Gerhard J. Wise, Mark G. Oakley, Brian Smith, Mary Alice Siragusa, Gregory R. TI Chicken intestine microbiota following the administration of lupulone, a hop-based antimicrobial SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Humulus lupulus; Clostridium perfringens; hops; microbiota shift; lupulone; qPCR ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; POPULATIONS; SUPPLEMENTATION; CONSTITUENTS; ANTIBIOTICS AB The use of antibiotic growth promotants in poultry rearing is a public health concern due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the harborage of resistance genes. Lupulone, a hop beta-acid from Humulus lupulus, has been considered as a potential feed additive growth promotant. Here, the effect of lupulone was evaluated for its effect on the microbiota of the chicken intestine. The intestinal microbiota of broilers was quantified after the addition of 125 mg L(-1) lupulone to water and challenge with Clostridium perfringens. Microbial DNA was extracted from the broiler midgut and cecal sections and bacterial groups were quantified using real-time PCR. The predominant cecal bacterial groups were Clostridium leptum subgroup 16S rRNA gene Cluster IV, Clostridium coccoides subgroup 16S rRNA gene Clusters XIVa and XIVb and Bacteroides, whereas Lactobacillus, the Enterobacteriaceae family and Enterococcus dominated the midgut. Lupulone at 125 mg L(-1) significantly decreased the C. perfringens subgroup 16S rRNA gene Cluster I, which contains several pathogenic species, in both the midgut and the cecum and Lactobacillus in the midgut. No significant changes were noted in the overall microbiota for the cecum or the midgut. Lupulone warrants further evaluation as a botanical agent to mitigate C. perfringens overgrowth in antibiotic-free reared poultry. C1 [Tillman, Glenn E.; Smith, Mary Alice] Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Haas, Gerhard J.] Fairleigh Dickinson Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Teaneck, NJ USA. [Wise, Mark G.; Oakley, Brian; Siragusa, Gregory R.] ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Tillman, GE (reprint author), USDA, FSIS OPHS Eastern Lab, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM glenn.tillman@fsis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01119.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 790RX UT WOS:000292608000015 PM 21517917 ER PT J AU Dong, XJ Abdelnabi, GH Lee, SH Li, GX Jin, H Lillehoj, HS Suo, X AF Dong, Xiaojuan Abdelnabi, Ghada H. Lee, Sung H. Li, Guangxing Jin, Hong Lillehoj, Hyun S. Suo, Xun TI Enhanced Egress of Intracellular Eimeria tenella Sporozoites by Splenic Lymphocytes from Coccidian-Infected Chickens SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HOST-CELL INVASION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; INHIBITION; CALCIUM; MACROPHAGES; ACERVULINA; PARASITES; MOTILITY AB Egress, which describes the mechanism that some intracellular parasites use to exit from parasitophorous vacuoles and host cells, plays a very important role in the parasite life cycle and is central to Eimeria propagation and pathogenesis. Despite the importance of egress in the intracellular parasite's life cycle, very little information is known on this process compared to other steps, e. g., invasion. The present study was conducted to investigate the interplay between the host adaptive immune system and Eimeria egression. Splenic lymphocytes or soluble immune factors were incubated with parasite-infected host cells for 3 or 5 h, and the percentage of egress was calculated according to an established formula. Viability of egressed parasites and host cells was tested using trypan blue exclusion and annexin V and propidium iodide staining, respectively. We found that premature egression of sporozoites from Eimeria tenella-infected primary chicken kidney cells or from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred when the cells were cocultured in vitro with spleen lymphocytes from E. tenella-infected chickens but not when they were cocultured with splenocytes from uninfected chickens. Eimeria-specific antibodies and cytokines (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], interleukin-2 [IL-2], and IL-15), derived from E. tenella-primed B and T lymphocytes, respectively, were capable of promoting premature egress of sporozoites from infected host cells. Both egressed parasites and host cells were viable, although the latter showed reduced reinvasion ability. These results suggest a novel, immune-mediated mechanism that the host exploits to interrupt the normal Eimeria life cycle in vivo and thereby block the release of mature parasites into the environment. C1 [Dong, Xiaojuan; Abdelnabi, Ghada H.; Jin, Hong; Suo, Xun] China Agr Univ, Natl Anim Protozoa Lab, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Dong, Xiaojuan; Abdelnabi, Ghada H.; Jin, Hong; Suo, Xun] China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Dong, Xiaojuan; Lee, Sung H.; Li, Guangxing; Lillehoj, Hyun S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Abdelnabi, Ghada H.] Univ Khartoum, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Shambat, Sudan. RP Suo, X (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Natl Anim Protozoa Lab, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM suoxun@cau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871862, 30671579]; Chinese Universities Scientific Fund [2009-2-02]; Agricultural Research Service-USDA FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project numbers 30871862 and 30671579), the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2009-2-02), and the Avian Immunology CRIS project from the Agricultural Research Service-USDA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 79 IS 8 BP 3465 EP 3470 DI 10.1128/IAI.01334-10 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 792SS UT WOS:000292770300051 PM 21628515 ER PT J AU Blackburn, HD Paiva, SR Wildeus, S Getz, W Waldron, D Stobart, R Bixby, D Purdy, PH Welsh, C Spiller, S Brown, M AF Blackburn, H. D. Paiva, S. R. Wildeus, S. Getz, W. Waldron, D. Stobart, R. Bixby, D. Purdy, P. H. Welsh, C. Spiller, S. Brown, M. TI Genetic structure and diversity among sheep breeds in the United States: Identification of the major gene pools SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal genetic resource conservation; Bayesian cluster analysis; domestic sheep; genetic diversity ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EUROPEAN SHEEP; DOMESTIC SHEEP; OF-AMERICA; LINEAGES; FLOW AB Understanding existing levels of genetic diversity of sheep breeds facilitates in situ and ex situ conservation activities. A comprehensive evaluation of US sheep breeds has not been previously performed; therefore, we evaluated the genetic diversity among and within 28 US sheep breeds. Both major and minor breeds were included in the analysis and consisted of 666 animals from 222 producers located in 38 states. The level of within-breed genetic diversity was variable and not dependent upon status of a breed as a major or minor breed. Bayesian cluster analysis indicated the breeds were grouped more by physiological differences (meat vs. wool production) rather than geographic origin. Results suggest several actionable items to improve in situ and ex situ conservation. The results clearly identify breeds in need of increased in situ and ex situ management (e. g., Hog Island and Karakul) and allow several suggestions for in situ management of flocks. Conversely, several of the breeds appear genetically similar and therefore require less emphasis on collecting germplasm samples for the gene bank. Commercially important breeds (e. g., Rambouillet and Suffolk) were found to have substantial variation, which should enable breeders to proceed, unencumbered by genetic diversity concerns, with selection strategies that maximize profit. C1 [Blackburn, H. D.; Purdy, P. H.; Welsh, C.; Spiller, S.] ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Paiva, S. R.] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria EMBRAPA, Genet Resources & Biotechnol, BR-70770917 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Wildeus, S.] Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. [Getz, W.] Ft Valley State Univ, Coll Agr, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Waldron, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. [Stobart, R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bixby, D.] Amer Livestock Breeds Conservancy, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. [Brown, M.] ARS, Grazing Lands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Blackburn, HD (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM Harvey.blackburn@ars.usda.gov RI Paiva, Samuel/G-6404-2012 OI Paiva, Samuel/0000-0001-6687-2491 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2336 EP 2348 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3354 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 792RC UT WOS:000292765700005 PM 21383033 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Kuehn, LA Cundiff, LV AF Freetly, H. C. Kuehn, L. A. Cundiff, L. V. TI Growth curves of crossbred cows sired by Hereford, Angus, Belgian Blue, Brahman, Boran, and Tuli bulls, and the fraction of mature body weight and height at puberty SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; growth; maturity; puberty ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; POSTWEANING GROWTH; 7 BREEDS; HEIFERS; CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; NUTRITION; FEMALES AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth curves of females to determine if mature size and relative rates of maturation among breeds differed. Body weight and hip height data were fitted to the nonlinear function BW = f(age) = A - Be(kxage), where A is an estimate of mature BW and k determines the rate that BW or height moves from B to A. Cows represented progeny from 28 Hereford, 38 Angus, 25 Belgian Blue, 34 Brahman, 8 Boran, and 9 Tuli sires. Bulls from these breeds were mated by AI to Angus, Hereford, and MARC III composite (1/4 Angus, 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Red Poll, and 1/4 Pinzgauer) cows to produce calves in 1992, 1993, and 1994. These matings resulted in 516 mature cows whose growth curves were subsequently evaluated. Hereford-sired cows tended to have heavier mature BW, as estimated by parameter A, than Angus- (P = 0.09) and Brahman-sired cows (P = 0.06), and were heavier than the other breeds (P < 0.001). Angus- sired cows were heavier than Boran- (P < 0.001) and Tuli-sired cows (P < 0.001), and tended to be heavier than Belgian Blue-sired cows (P = 0.097). Angus- sired cows did not differ from Brahman-sired cows (P = 0.94). Brahman-sired cows had a heavier mature BW than Boran- (P < 0.001), Tuli- (P < 0.001), and Belgian Blue-sired cows (P < 0.04). Angus- sired cows matured faster (k) than cows sired by Hereford (P = 0.03), Brahman (P < 0.001), Boran (P = 0.03), and Tuli (P < 0.001) sires, but did not differ from Belgian Blue-sired (P = 0.13) cows. Brahman-sired cows took longer to mature than Boran- (P = 0.03) or Belgian Blue-sired cows (P = 0.003). Belgian Blue-sired cows were faster maturing than Tuli- sired cows (P = 0.02). Brahman-sired cows had reached a greater proportion of their mature BW at puberty than had Hereford- (P < 0.001), Tuli- (P = 0.003), and Belgian Blue-sired cows (P = 0.001). Boran- sired cows tended to have reached a greater proportion of their mature BW at puberty than had Angus- sired cows (P = 0.09), and had reached a greater proportion of their mature BW at puberty than had Hereford- (P < 0.001), Tuli- (P < 0.001), and Belgian Blue-sired cows (P < 0.001). Within species of cattle, the relative range in proportion of mature BW at puberty (Bos taurus 0.56 through 0.58, and Bos indicus 0.60) was highly conserved, suggesting that proportion of mature BW is a more robust predictor of age at puberty across breeds than is absolute weight or age. C1 [Freetly, H. C.; Kuehn, L. A.; Cundiff, L. V.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Harvey.Freetly@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2373 EP 2379 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-3847 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 792RC UT WOS:000292765700009 PM 21531851 ER PT J AU Shen, YB Carroll, JA Yoon, I Mateo, RD Kim, SW AF Shen, Y. B. Carroll, J. A. Yoon, I. Mateo, R. D. Kim, S. W. TI Effects of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in sow diets on performance of sows and nursing piglets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE litter weight gain; milk; nursing pig; Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product; sow ID YEAST CULTURE SUPPLEMENTATION; WEANLING PIGS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; NONSPECIFIC IMMUNOSTIMULATION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; LACTATION DIETS; PREGNANT SOWS; BETA-GLUCANS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Forty-two sows were used to determine the effects of adding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) to the gestation and lactation diets on the performance of sows and their progeny. At 5 d before breeding, sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments representing 1) sows fed a diet with 12.0 g of fermentation product/d through gestation and 15.0 g of fermentation product/d through lactation (SCFP treatment, n = 22), and 2) sows fed a diet with equal amounts of a mixture of corn and soybean meal instead of the SCFP (CON treatment, n = 20). Sow BW and backfat thickness were recorded. Blood was collected from sows, as well as piglets, for the measurement of cell numbers, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and IgG. Fecal samples from d 7 to 9 of lactation were collected to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. The composition of colostrum and milk was also measured. No difference (P > 0.10) in reproductive performance was observed between treatments. However, sows in the SCFP treatment tended to have increased total litter weaning weight (P = 0.068) and litter BW gain (P = 0.084) compared with sows in the CON treatment. Neutrophil count was decreased (P < 0.05) by adding the fermentation product on d 110 of gestation and d 17 of lactation, whereas a decreased (P < 0.05) white blood cell count was observed only on d 110 of gestation. Concentration of PUN tended to be greater (P = 0.069) for sows in the CON treatment compared with sows in the SCFP treatment on d 110 of gestation. Apparent total tract nutrient digestibility values of ash, CP, DM, and ether extract were not affected (P > 0.10) by adding the fermentation product. Protein and fat contents in colostrum and milk did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Colostrum from sows in the SCFP treatment contained a greater (P < 0.05) amount of ash than colostrum from sows in the CON treatment. Immunoglobulin G measured in the colostrum, milk, and plasma of piglets did not differ (P > 0.10) between sows in the CON and SCFP treatments. This study indicates that adding the SCFP in the gestation and lactation diets has the potential to 1) improve litter BW gain during lactation, possibly by improving maternal protein utilization, as shown in a tendency to reduce PUN; 2) improve the maternal health status, as shown by the reduced neutrophil cell count; and 3) increase milk production, as shown in a tendency to improve litter BW gain without affecting nutrient composition of the colostrum and milk. C1 [Shen, Y. B.; Kim, S. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issue Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Yoon, I.] Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52407 USA. [Mateo, R. D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sungwoo_kim@ncsu.edu FU Diamond V (Cedar Rapids, IA) Research Funding Program [DVRP0712] FX This research was funded by the Diamond V (Cedar Rapids, IA) Research Funding Program (DVRP0712). NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 36 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2462 EP 2471 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3642 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 792RC UT WOS:000292765700019 PM 21383042 ER PT J AU Jacobs, BM Patience, JF Dozier, WA Stalder, KJ Kerr, BJ AF Jacobs, B. M. Patience, J. F. Dozier, W. A., III Stalder, K. J. Kerr, B. J. TI Effects of drying methods on nitrogen and energy concentrations in pig feces and urine, and poultry excreta SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drying method; feces; poultry excreta; swine; urine ID ACID-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; AMINO-ACID; SOYBEAN-MEAL; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CARCASS TRAITS; 10 SAMPLES; DIGESTIBILITY; PROTEIN; LOSSES AB Accurate estimations of nutrient digestion and retention are critical in nutrient balance and feed evaluation studies because errors that occur are often additive. However, there is no standard universal method for drying feces, urine, or excreta before laboratory analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of 4 different drying methods on nutrient concentrations in feces, urine, and excreta. Twelve individually penned growing pigs were fed 1 of 3 diets and 16 pens of 10 growing broilers were fed 1 of 4 diets that differed in NDF and CP. Feces, urine, and excreta that varied in nutrient composition were collected after 7 d of diet adaptation. Samples were dried using 1 of 4 methods: undried (UD), freeze-dried (FD), oven-dried at 55 degrees C for 48 h (OD55), or oven-dried at 100 degrees C for 48 h (OD100), after which DM, GE, N, C, and S were determined. In swine feces, drying resulted in a loss of GE (P < 0.10) and S (P < 0.01) by 5 and 58%, respectively, compared with UD feces. There was no difference (P >= 0.36) among drying method on DM, GE, N, C, or S concentrations. There were no differences (P >= 0.12) in urinary GE due to drying or between drying methods; however, urinary DM was greatest by FD compared with OD (P < 0.05) and greater for OD55 compared with OD100 (P < 0.01). In poultry excreta, GE (P < 0.05), N (P < 0.10), and S (P < 0.01) were reduced by drying by an average of 6, 10, and 66%, respectively. There were no differences (P >= 0.50) among drying methods except FD excreta had a greater S concentration than OD (P < 0.10). Regardless of drying method, some GE and N loss appears to be inevitable, but there is no apparent advantage between FD and OD. The apparent greater S losses warrant further investigation. C1 [Kerr, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Jacobs, B. M.; Patience, J. F.; Stalder, K. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov OI Stalder, Kenneth/0000-0001-9540-681X NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2624 EP 2630 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3768 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 792RC UT WOS:000292765700035 PM 21454859 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Leathers, TD Copeland, A Chertkov, O Goodwin, L Mills, DA AF Liu, Siqing Leathers, Timothy D. Copeland, Alex Chertkov, Olga Goodwin, Lynne Mills, David A. TI Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus buchneri NRRL B-30929, a Novel Strain from a Commercial Ethanol Plant SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC STABILITY; SILAGE; FERMENTATION; 1,2-PROPANEDIOL; CONVERSION; ADDITIVES; BREVIS; BARLEY AB Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 was a contaminant obtained from a commercial ethanol fermentation. This facultative anaerobe is unique because of its rapid growth on xylose and simultaneous fermentation of xylose and glucose. The strain utilizes a broad range of carbohydrate substrates and possesses a high tolerance to ethanol and other stresses, making it an attractive candidate for bioconversion of biomass substrates to various bioproducts. The genome sequence of NRRL B-30929 will provide insight into the unique properties of this lactic acid bacterium. C1 [Liu, Siqing; Leathers, Timothy D.] USDA, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Copeland, Alex] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Chertkov, Olga; Goodwin, Lynne] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mills, David A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Robert Mondavi Inst Wine & Food Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), USDA, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM Siqing.liu@ars.usda.gov; damills@ucdavis.edu OI Mills, David/0000-0003-1913-9865 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 193 IS 15 BP 4019 EP 4020 DI 10.1128/JB.05180-11 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 791WF UT WOS:000292698100040 PM 21622751 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Wagner, KM AF Haas, Michael J. Wagner, Karen M. TI Substrate Pretreatment can Reduce the Alcohol Requirement During Biodiesel Production Via in Situ Transesterification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Fats and oils utilization; Fatty acid ester; In situ transesterification; Transesterification ID RICE BRAN OIL; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; TRANS-ESTERIFICATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; SEED OIL; INSITU; SOYBEANS; YIELDS AB The ability of physical pretreatment of the feedstock to reduce the alcohol requirement for high yield fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production during the in situ transesterification of soybeans was investigated. Four physical treatments were studied: (a) dehulling and flaking, (b) dehulling, flaking and passage through a twin screw extruder, (c) passage through an expander type extruder, or (d) conversion to a flour-like consistency (1-10 mu m particles) via disruption in a Pulsewave disintegrator. Following drying, optimal reaction conditions for high yield, room temperature, in situ transesterification of the lipid-linked fatty acids resident in these materials were determined. Expander and Pulsewave pretreatment did not substantially reduce the amount of methanol required for high level FAME production below that required for flaked soybeans. However, the combination of flaking, extrusion and drying achieved a minimum nearly threefold reduction in the methanol requirement compared with that for soybeans that had been only flaked and dried. The flaking/extrusion/ drying regime resulted in a minimum optimal molar ratio for (methanol/substrate fatty acid) of 9: 1 for effective in situ transesterification. This is a 20-fold reduction in methanol usage compared to the previously reported ratio of 181: 1 for the use of flaked-only soybeans. (Haas et al. in J Am Oil Chem Soc 81: 83-89, 2004). C1 [Haas, Michael J.; Wagner, Karen M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM michael.haas@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1203 EP 1209 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1773-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 793RX UT WOS:000292841900013 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE Mohamed, A Xu, J Sharma, BK AF Harry-O'kuru, R. E. Mohamed, A. Xu, J. Sharma, B. K. TI Synthesis and Characterization of Corn Oil Polyhydroxy Fatty Acids Designed as Additive Agent for Many Applications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Corn oil; Epoxidation; Corn polyhydroxy triglycerides; Corn polyhydroxy fatty acids; DSC; Pressure DSC; Rheometry; Thermogravimetric analysis ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MILKWEED OIL; ESTERS; TRIGLYCERIDES; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB Before the advent of the modern food industry, vegetable oils (triglycerides) from many sources had a long history of use as condiments in cooking, personal care, and other therapeutic applications. Industrial applications of vegetable oils outside of food usage, on the other hand, have been limited on account of the shorter shelf-life durability of these oils resulting from the natural unsaturation (carbon-carbon double bonds) in the structure of most triglycerides. In seeking to explore expanded utilization of this renewable resource, we have eliminated the above weakness by chemically modifying the double bonds in the material in an attempt to stabilize the oil. We have used FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy to characterize the derivative whereas the physical and chemical properties of the product in terms of stability and flow characteristics have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pressure DSC, rheometry and thermogravimetric analysis. In this modification of corn oil the data obtained indicate that the resulting poly-hydroxylated acids are more stable than the native corn oil. Additionally, the obtained properties are unique and such that this product will be amenable to use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial uses especially as a lubricity enhancing additive in fuel applications. C1 [Harry-O'kuru, R. E.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mohamed, A.; Xu, J.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, B. K.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Rogers.HarryOkuru@ars.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1211 EP 1221 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1768-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 793RX UT WOS:000292841900014 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Haas, MJ AF Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Haas, Michael J. TI Epoxidizable Fatty Amide-Phenol Conjugates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Co-products (Waste) < biobased products; Polymers/coatings < biobased products; Fats and oils; Oleochemistry ID SOYBEAN OIL; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES AB This paper reports the synthesis of a series of novel compounds where carboxylic acids have been linked to a phenol through amidomethyl units. For instance, one, two, or three fatty acids have been selectively appended to the phenol in yields above 75%. The fatty acid used was oleic acid, which was subsequently epoxidized. Other functional groups, such as amino acids, can be incorporated in these compounds. Examples of monomers that are suitable for polymerization were also prepared: one acrylamide, one styrene derivative, and two types of AB(2) diamino acids, all of which contain oleic units that are sites for epoxidation and crosslinking. Fatty acid aryl ethers were prepared using hydroxy fatty acids. These molecules are intended to serve as augmented analogues of epoxidized vegetable oil. Their amide groups should lead to intermolecular aggregation through hydrogen bonding, and the option to covalently include other functional groups may permit tuning of the macroscopic materials properties of films, coatings, or solids constructed from them. C1 [Zerkowski, Jonathan A.; Haas, Michael J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jonathan.zerkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1229 EP 1237 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1785-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 793RX UT WOS:000292841900016 ER PT J AU Ohmann, JL Gregory, MJ Henderson, EB Roberts, HM AF Ohmann, Janet L. Gregory, Matthew J. Henderson, Emilie B. Roberts, Heather M. TI Mapping gradients of community composition with nearest-neighbour imputation: extending plot data for landscape analysis SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canonical correspondence analysis; Constrained ordination; Gradient analysis; Gradient nearest neighbour; kNN; Landscape scenario analysis; Oregon; Species distribution modelling ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; COASTAL OREGON; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; ACCURACY-ASSESSMENT; FOREST INVENTORIES; VEGETATION; ORDINATION; ATTRIBUTES; PREDICTION AB Question: How can nearest-neighbour (NN) imputation be used to develop maps of multiple species and plant communities? Location: Western and central Oregon, USA, but methods are applicable anywhere. Methods: We demonstrate NN imputation by mapping woody plant communities for > 100 000 km(2) of diverse forests and woodlands. Species abundances on similar to 25 000 plots were related to spatial predictors (rasters) describing climate, topography, soil and geographic location using constrained ordination (CCA). Species data from the nearest plot in multi-dimensional CCA space were imputed to each map pixel. Maps of multiple individual species and community types were constructed from the single imputed surface. We computed a variety of diagnostics to characterize different qualities of the imputed (mapped) community data. Results: Community composition gradients were strongly associated with climate and elevation, and less so with topography and soil. Accuracy of the imputation model for presence/absence of 150 species varied widely (kappa 0.00 to 0.80). Omission error rates were higher than commission rates due to low species prevalence, and areal representation of species was only slightly inflated. A map of 78 community types was 41% correct and 78% fuzzy correct. Errors of omission and commission were balanced, and areal representation of both rare and abundant communities was accurate. Map accuracy may be lower for some species than with other methods, but areal representation of species and communities across large landscapes is preserved. Because imputed vegetation surfaces are developed for all species simultaneously, map units contain suites of species known to co-occur in nature. Maps of individual species, and of community types derived from them, will be internally consistent at map locations. Conclusions: NN imputation is a useful modelling approach where maps of multiple species and plant communities are needed, such as in natural resource management and conservation planning or models that project landscape change under alternative disturbance or climate scenarios. More research is needed to evaluate other ordination methods for NN imputation of plant communities. C1 [Ohmann, Janet L.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gregory, Matthew J.; Roberts, Heather M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Henderson, Emilie B.] Oregon State Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Portland, OR USA. RP Ohmann, JL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM johmann@fs.fed.us; matt.gregory@oregonstate.edu; emilie.henderson@oregonstate.edu; heather.roberts@oregonstate.edu NR 51 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 SI SI BP 660 EP 676 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01244.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 788SB UT WOS:000292463600009 ER PT J AU Stambaugh, MC Dey, DC Guyette, RP He, HS Marschall, JM AF Stambaugh, Michael C. Dey, Daniel C. Guyette, Richard P. He, Hong S. Marschall, Joseph M. TI Spatial patterning of fuels and fire hazard across a central US deciduous forest region SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire behavior; Fire hazard; Fire risk; Missouri; Illinois; Indiana; Ozark highlands; Interior lowland plateau; Topographic roughness ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CENTRAL HARDWOOD FORESTS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; LIGNIN CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; RISK; VARIABILITY; MISSOURI; CLIMATE AB Information describing spatial and temporal variability of forest fuel conditions is essential to assessing overall fire hazard and risk. Limited information exists describing spatial characteristics of fuels in the eastern deciduous forest region, particularly in dry oak-dominated regions that historically burned relatively frequently. From an extensive fuels survey of unmanaged forest lands (1,446 plots) we described fuel loadings and spatial patterns of fine and coarse fuels. We attempted to explain the variability in fuel loading of each time-lag fuel class using landscape and seasonal variables through a multiple regression modeling approach. Size class distributions of woody fuels were generally homogeneous across the region except in the glaciated portions of Illinois where loadings appeared lower. Temporally, litter depths progressively decreased from leaffall (November). A fire hazard model that combined seasonal changes in litter depth and fuel moisture content depicted the degree of regional spatial variability during the transition between extreme dry and wet conditions. In the future, fire hazard indices could be paired with ignition probabilities in order to assess spatio-temporal variability of fire risk within the region. C1 [Stambaugh, Michael C.; Guyette, Richard P.; He, Hong S.; Marschall, Joseph M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stambaugh, MC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM stambaughm@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU USDA Forest, Northern Research Station FX This study was supported by a grant from the USDA Forest, Northern Research Station. We are grateful to Erin McMurry for her valuable editorial comments. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 7 BP 923 EP 935 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9618-y PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 791YL UT WOS:000292705900003 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, T AF Hutchinson, Todd TI Canaries in the catbird seat: The past, present and future of biological resources in a changing environment SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hutchinson, Todd] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Hutchinson, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM thutchinson@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9604-4 PG 2 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 791YL UT WOS:000292705900013 ER PT J AU Lin, XB Ma, LN Moreau, RA Ostlund, RE AF Lin, Xiaobo Ma, Lina Moreau, Robert A. Ostlund, Richard E., Jr. TI Glycosidic Bond Cleavage is Not Required for Phytosteryl Glycoside-Induced Reduction of Cholesterol Absorption in Mice SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Plant sterols; Mass spectrometry; Lipid absorption ID NONESTERIFIED STANOLS; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; LDL-CHOLESTEROL; FOOD MATRICES; PLANT STEROLS; HUMANS; QUANTIFICATION; PHYTOSTANOLS; METABOLISM; SWEDEN AB Phytosteryl glycosides occur in natural foods but little is known about their metabolism and bioactivity. Purified acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) were compared with phytosteryl esters (PSE) in mice. Animals on a phytosterol-free diet received ASG or PSE by gavage in purified soybean oil along with tracers cholesterol-d(7) and sitostanol-d(4). In a three-day fecal recovery study, ASG reduced cholesterol absorption efficiency by 45 +/- A 6% compared with 40 +/- A 6% observed with PSE. Four hours after gavage, plasma and liver cholesterol-d(7) levels were reduced 86% or more when ASG was present. Liver total phytosterols were unchanged after ASG administration but were significantly increased after PSE. After ASG treatment both ASG and deacylated steryl glycosides (SG) were found in the gut mucosa and lumen. ASG was quantitatively recovered from stool samples as SG. These results demonstrate that ASG reduces cholesterol absorption in mice as efficiently as PSE while having little systemic absorption itself. Cleavage of the glycosidic linkage is not required for biological activity of ASG. Phytosteryl glycosides should be included in measurements of bioactive phytosterols. C1 [Lin, Xiaobo; Ma, Lina; Ostlund, Richard E., Jr.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Metab & Lipid Res, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Ostlund, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Metab & Lipid Res, Dept Med, Campus Box 8127,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM Rostlund@dom.wustl.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 50420]; Washington University [P41 RR00954] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 50420 and the Washington University Mass Spectrometry Resource (P41 RR00954). We appreciate Mrs. Robin Fitzgerald for her excellent technical assistance. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s11745-011-3560-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 790DF UT WOS:000292568000004 PM 21538209 ER PT J AU Guo, WC Liu, Y Zhu, XH Zhuang, H AF Guo, Wenchuan Liu, Yi Zhu, Xinhua Zhuang, Hong TI Sensing the water content of honey from temperature-dependent electrical conductivity SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrical conductivity; honey; quality; water content detector; water content measurement; temperature ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB In order to predict the water content in honey, electrical conductivity was measured on blossom honey types milk-vetch, jujube and yellow-locust with the water content of 18-37% between 5 and 40 degrees C. The regression models of electrical conductivity were developed as functions of water content and temperature. The results showed that increases in either water content or temperature resulted in an increase in the electrical conductivity of honey with greater changes at higher water content and/or higher temperature. The linear terms of water content and temperature, a quadratic term of water content, and the interaction effect of water content and temperature had significant influence on the electrical conductivity of honey (p < 0.0001). Regardless of blossom honey type, the linear coefficient of the determination of measured and calculated electrical conductivities was 0.998 and the range error ratio was larger than 100. These results suggest that the electrical conductivity of honey might be used to develop a detector for rapidly predicting the water content in blossom honey. C1 [Guo, Wenchuan; Liu, Yi; Zhu, Xinhua] NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhuang, Hong] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Guo, WC (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM guowenchuan69@126.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 22 IS 8 AR 085706 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/8/085706 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 792UD UT WOS:000292775000030 ER PT J AU Huang, H Lu, J Ren, ZB Hunter, W Dowd, SE Dang, P AF Huang, Hong Lu, Jiang Ren, Zhongbo Hunter, Wayne Dowd, Scot E. Dang, Phat TI Mining and validating grape (Vitis L.) ESTs to develop EST-SSR markers for genotyping and mapping SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE SSR; EST; Marker; Genotyping; Grape ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; VINIFERA L.; REPEAT POLYMORPHISMS; ASSISTED SELECTION; DNA MARKERS; LARGE SET; DIVERSITY; GENOME AB Grape expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are a new resource for developing simple sequence repeat (SSR) functional markers for genotyping and genetic mapping. An integrated pipeline including several computational tools for SSR identification and functional annotation was developed to identify 6,447 EST-SSR sequences from a total collection of 215,609 grape ESTs retrieved from NCBI. The 6,447 EST-SSRs were further reduced to 1,701 non-redundant sequences via clustering analysis, and 1,037 of them were successfully designed with primer pairs flanking the SSR motifs. From them, 150 pairs of primers were randomly selected for PCR amplification, polymorphism and heterozygosity analysis in V. vinifera cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon, and V. rotundifolia (muscadine grape) cvs. Summit and Noble, and 145 pairs of these primers yielded PCR products. Pairwise comparisons of loci between the parents Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon showed that 72 were homozygous in both cultivars, while 70 loci were heterozygous in at least one cultivar of the two. Muscadine parents Noble and Summit had 90 homozygous SSR loci in both parents and contained 50 heterozygous loci in at least one of the two. These EST-SSR functional markers are a useful addition for grape genotyping and genome mapping. C1 [Huang, Hong; Lu, Jiang; Ren, Zhongbo] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticulture & Small Fruits Res, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. [Huang, Hong] Univ S Florida, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Hunter, Wayne] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Dang, Phat] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticulture & Small Fruits Res, Tallahassee, FL 32317 USA. EM huanghon2003@gmail.com; jiang.lu@famu.edu; zhongbo.ren@famu.edu; whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; sdowd@pathogenresearch.org; pdang@nprl.usda.gov RI Huang, Hong/G-5957-2016 OI Huang, Hong/0000-0002-8957-4881 FU USDA [0205031]; FAMU-ARS Science Center for Excellence FX This work was supported by USDA Capacity Building Grant (#0205031) and FAMU-ARS Science Center for Excellence. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for invaluable comments on the manuscript. Special thanks go to Ms. Elisa Scott for helping us to prepare the DNA and PCR samples. NR 65 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s11032-010-9477-2 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 789ZR UT WOS:000292558800011 ER PT J AU Radwan, O Liu, Y Clough, SJ AF Radwan, Osman Liu, Yu Clough, Steven J. TI Transcriptional Analysis of Soybean Root Response to Fusarium virguliforme, the Causal Agent of Sudden Death Syndrome SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYGALACTURONASE-INHIBITING PROTEINS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI SYDOW; DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE; F-SP GLYCINES; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYST-NEMATODE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS AB Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean can be caused by any of four distinct Fusarium species, with E virguliforme and E tucumaniae being the main casual agents in North and South America, respectively. Although the fungal tissue is largely confined to the roots, the fungus releases a toxin that is translocated to leaf tissues, in which it causes interveinal chlorosis and necrosis leading to scorching symptoms and possible defoliation. In this study. we report on an Affymetrix analysis measuring transcript abundances in resistant (PI 567.374) and susceptible (Essex) roots upon infection by E virguliforme, 5 and 7 days postinoculation. Many of the genes with increased expression were common between resistant and susceptible plants (including genes related to programmed cell death, the phenyl-propanoid pathway, defense, signal transduction, and transcription factors), but some genotype-specific expression was noted. Changes in small (sm)RNA levels between inoculated and mock-treated samples were also studied and implicate a role for these molecules in this interaction. In total. 2,467 genes were significantly changing in the experiment. with 1.694 changing in response to the pathogen: 93 smRNA and 42 microRNA that have putative soybean gene targets were identified from infected tissue. Comparing genotypes, 247 genes were uniquely modulating in the resistant host, whereas 378 genes were uniquely modulating in the susceptible host. Comparing locations of differentially expressed genes to known resistant quantitative trait loci as well as identifying smRNA that increased while their putative targets decreased (or vice versa) allowed for the narrowing of candidate SDS defense-associated genes. C1 [Radwan, Osman; Liu, Yu; Clough, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Clough, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clough, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM steven.clough@ars.usda.gov RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; University Illinois Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center; United Soybean Board FX Authors acknowledge Affymetrix assistance from J. Drnevich and C. Wilson of the University of Illinois W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics. J. Zhu of Cofactor Genomics for Small RNA Sequencing. M. Hudson for advice on decoding color-space coded sequence. K. Varala and W. Wu or RNA folding. and E. Tang and G. Hartman for advice on plant and fungal culturing. The authors thank the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, the University Illinois Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center, and the United Soybean Board for generous funding. NR 116 TC 28 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 8 BP 958 EP 972 DI 10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0271 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 792XS UT WOS:000292784300010 PM 21751852 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Brooks, JR Dragila, MI Meinzer, FC AF Warren, Jeffrey M. Brooks, J. Renee Dragila, Maria I. Meinzer, Frederick C. TI In situ separation of root hydraulic redistribution of soil water from liquid and vapor transport SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Diffusivity; Hydraulic lift; Ponderosa pine; Hydraulic conductivity; Vapor flow ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; DAILY TEMPERATURE WAVE; PONDEROSA PINE; FIELD SOILS; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLD-GROWTH; LIFT; EVAPORATION; MOISTURE AB Nocturnal increases in water potential (psi) and water content (theta) in the upper soil profile are often attributed to root water efflux, a process termed hydraulic redistribution (HR). However, unsaturated liquid or vapor flux of water between soil layers independent of roots also contributes to the daily recovery in theta (Delta theta), confounding efforts to determine the actual magnitude of HR. We estimated liquid (J (l)) and vapor (J (v)) soil water fluxes and their impacts on quantifying HR in a seasonally dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest by applying existing datasets of psi, theta and temperature (T) to soil water transport equations. As soil drying progressed, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity declined rapidly such that J (l) was irrelevant (< 2E-05 mm h(-1) at 0-60 cm depths) to total water flux by early August. Vapor flux was estimated to be the highest in upper soil (0-15 cm), driven by large T fluctuations, and confounded the role of HR, if any, in nocturnal theta dynamics. Within the 15-35 cm layer, J (v) contributed up to 40% of hourly increases in nocturnal soil moisture. While both HR and net soil water flux between adjacent layers contribute to theta in the 15-65 cm soil layer, HR was the dominant process and accounted for at least 80% of the daily recovery in theta. The absolute magnitude of HR is not easily quantified, yet total diurnal fluctuations in upper soil water content can be quantified and modeled, and remain highly applicable for establishing the magnitude and temporal dynamics of total ecosystem water flux. C1 [Warren, Jeffrey M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.; Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brooks, J. Renee] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Dragila, Maria I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Warren, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM warrenjm@ornl.gov RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; USDA Forest Service; US Environmental Protection Agency FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.; We gratefully thank James Irvine and Bev Law for providing site data, including temperature profiles, and Rob Coulombe, J.C. Domec and David Woodruff for fieldwork. We appreciate comments from Gerald Flerchinger on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, by the USDA Forest Service Ecosystem Processes Program and by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This manuscript has been subjected to the Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2011 VL 166 IS 4 BP 899 EP 911 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1953-9 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793KG UT WOS:000292819800005 PM 21400193 ER PT J AU Hierro, JL Clark, KL Branch, LC Villarreal, D AF Hierro, Jose L. Clark, Kenneth L. Branch, Lyn C. Villarreal, Diego TI Native herbivore exerts contrasting effects on fire regime and vegetation structure SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Argentina; Ecosystem engineers; Indirect interactions; Lagostomus maximus; Shrublands ID VISCACHA LAGOSTOMUS-MAXIMUS; COOL DESERT ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PLAINS VIZCACHA; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SPECIES RICHNESS; LOCAL EXTINCTION; AFRICAN SAVANNA; KEYSTONE RODENT AB Although native herbivores can alter fire regimes by consuming herbaceous vegetation that serves as fine fuel and, less commonly, accumulating fuel as nest material and other structures, simultaneous considerations of contrasting effects of herbivores on fire have scarcely been addressed. We proposed that a colonial rodent, vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus), reduces and increases fire intensity at different stages in its population cycle in the semiarid scrub of Argentina. Specifically, we hypothesized that, when colonies are active, vizcachas create natural fire-breaks through intense grazing, generating over time patches of large unburned shrubs in grazed zones. In contrast, when colonies are abandoned, recovery of fine fuels and previous accumulation of coarse wood on colonies during territorial displays increases fire intensity, creating patches of high shrub mortality. To test these hypotheses, we estimated stem age of the dominant shrub (Larrea divaricata) and measured aboveground biomass in zones actively grazed by vizcachas and in ungrazed zones, and compared densities of live and dead shrubs on abandoned colonies and adjacent zones following fire. In active colonies, age and biomass of shrubs were much greater in grazed than ungrazed zones. In abandoned colonies that had been burnt, density of dead, burned shrubs was higher and density of live shrubs was lower than in adjacent zones. These results support our hypotheses and reveal a new interaction between native herbivores and fire, in which herbivores augment fire intensity by gathering fuel. Our findings indicate that, through opposing effects on fire, native herbivores enhance the heterogeneity of vegetation in woody-dominated ecosystems. C1 [Hierro, Jose L.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. [Hierro, Jose L.] Univ Nacl La Pampa UNLPam, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. [Clark, Kenneth L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Branch, Lyn C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Villarreal, Diego] UNLPam, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Santa Rosa, Argentina. RP Hierro, JL (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. EM jhierro@conicet.gov.ar FU Fulbright-LASPAU; Compton Foundation; UNLPam; Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation; Argentinean Ministry of Education FX We thank logistical support from UNLPam, Parques Nacionales Argentina, H. Bernabe, J. Cuartero, M. Machicote, A. Pilcowicz, G. Videau, G. Brandimarti, F. Roig, P. Lerner, K. Portier, G. Jones, and A. Parras and comments from D. Pearson and two anonymous reviewers. Funds for this research were provided by Fulbright-LASPAU, Compton Foundation, UNLPam, Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation, and the Argentinean Ministry of Education. We declare that activities conducted in this study comply with the current laws of Argentina. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2011 VL 166 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1129 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1954-8 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793KG UT WOS:000292819800024 PM 21384177 ER PT J AU Sicher, R AF Sicher, Richard TI Carbon partitioning and the impact of starch deficiency on the initial response of Arabidopsis to chilling temperatures SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cold acclimation; Low temperature stress; Starch hydrolysis; Cold regulated genes; CBF gene family; Maltose ID LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; COLD-ACCLIMATION; SUCROSE ACCUMULATION; MALTOSE METABOLISM; FREEZING TOLERANCE; BETA-AMYLASE; STRESS; LEAVES; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION AB Metabolites and stress related transcripts were measured in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to chilling temperatures. Rates of carbon assimilation increased 17% on average in response to cold treatment. Sucrose, glucose and fructose accumulation consumed 42% of the carbon from A but leaf starch only could synthesize similar to 10% of observed changes in soluble sugars. Carbohydrates were the only major class of metabolites that accumulated during the first 24 h of cold treatment. Except maltose and raffinose, carbohydrate accumulation was abolished when cold treatments were in darkness. Starch hydrolysis was correlated with maltose accumulation and increased expression of BAM3, which encodes a beta-amylase necessary for starch mobilization. Hexose accumulation was delayed 6 h and raffinose accumulation was not observed in a starchless (pgm1) mutant. Changes of expression of five stress-induced transcripts in response to cold were similar in the wild type and in the pgrn1 mutant. Three of five stress related transcripts had decreased expression when cold treatments were performed in the dark compared to the light. Therefore, starch hydrolysis may augment hexose and raffinose accumulations during the first 24 h after a cold shock and a partial cold stress response was observed in Arabidopsis during cold treatments in the dark. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Room 342,Bldg 001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.Sicher@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 181 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.05.005 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 791NZ UT WOS:000292673200013 PM 21683882 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Rosebrough, RW Taicher, GZ Kovner, I AF Mitchell, A. D. Rosebrough, R. W. Taicher, G. Z. Kovner, I. TI In vivo measurement of body composition of chickens using quantitative magnetic resonance SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; body composition; quantitative magnetic resonance; dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BREAST MUSCLE; BROILER-CHICKENS; FAT; BONE; VALIDATION; TRAITS; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; POULTRY AB Quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) is a nuclear magnetic resonance-based method for measuring the fat, lean, and water content of the total body of the live animal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of QMR for measuring the body composition of chickens while comparing QMR results to those obtained by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and chemical analysis (CA). A total of 191 birds were scanned live (nonanesthetized) by QMR, killed, and then scanned by DXA. The birds were Ross 708 broiler chickens and ranged in weight from 786 to 3,130 g. In addition, 48 of the carcasses were chemically analyzed for total body lipid, water, and ash content. Compared with CA, QMR underestimated the percentage of total body fat by 34% whereas DXA overestimated the percentage of fat by 50% (10.35 +/- 3.35 by CA vs. 6.73 +/- 3.90 by QMR and 15.55 +/- 4.01 by DXA; P < 0.05). Both QMR and DXA measurements of percentage total body fat were highly correlated with the CA measurement (R(2) = 0.94 and 0.68, respectively). Both QMR and DXA estimates of total body water were close to the CA measurement (1,166 +/- 277 g by CA vs. 1,214 +/- 279 g by QMR and 1,217 +/- 255 g by DXA; P > 0.05), with R(2) values of 0.90 and 0.91, respectively. Based on regression analysis, when prediction equations were applied to the entire group of birds, the QMR and DXA measurements of total body water and total body lean mass were in good agreement, with no significant difference (1,125 +/- 244 g vs. 1,135 +/- 246 g and 1,377 +/- 311 g vs. 1,403 +/- 309 g, respectively; P > 0.05) and highly correlated (R(2) = 0.97 for both). Likewise, the QMR measurement of total body fat agreed closely with that measured by DXA (164 +/- 48 g and 167 +/- 47 g, respectively) and was highly correlated (R(2) = 0.72). The results of this study demonstrate that with proper calibration, both QMR and DXA can provide accurate measurements of the body composition of chickens. The major advantage of the QMR method is that no anesthesia is required, thus facilitating the ease of measurement and repeated measurements. C1 [Mitchell, A. D.; Rosebrough, R. W.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Taicher, G. Z.; Kovner, I.] Echo Med Syst, Houston, TX 77084 USA. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alva.mitchell@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1712 EP 1719 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-01156 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 791TO UT WOS:000292688900013 PM 21753208 ER PT J AU Franzen, D Long, D Sims, A Lamb, J Casey, F Staricka, J Halvorson, M Hofman, V AF Franzen, D. Long, D. Sims, A. Lamb, J. Casey, F. Staricka, J. Halvorson, M. Hofman, V. TI Evaluation of methods to determine residual soil nitrate zones across the northern Great Plains of the USA SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Management zone; Imagery; Topography; Electrical conductivity (EC(a)); Yield mapping ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VARIABLE-RATE; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; MAPS AB A four-year study was conducted from 2000 to 2004 at eight field sites in Montana, North Dakota and western Minnesota. Five of these sites were in North Dakota, two were in Montana and one was in Minnesota. The sites were diverse in their cropping systems. The objectives of the study were to (1) evaluate data from aerial photographs, satellite images, topographic maps, soil electrical conductivity (EC(a)) sensors and several years of yield to delineate field zones to represent residual soil nitrate and (2) determine whether the use of data from several such sources or from a single source is better to delineate nitrogen management zones by a weighted method of classification. Despite differences in climate and cropping, there were similarities in the effectiveness of delineation tools for developing meaningful residual soil nitrate zones. Topographic information was usually weighted the most because it produced zones that were more correlated to actual soil residual nitrate than any other source of data at all locations. The soil EC(a) sensor created better correlated zones at Minot, Williston and Oakes than at most eastern sites. Yield data for an individual year were sometimes useful, but a yield frequency map that combined several years of standardized yield data was more useful. Satellite imagery was better than aerial photographs at most locations. Topography, satellite imagery, yield frequency maps and soil EC(a) are useful data for delineating nutrient management zones across the region. Use of two or more sources of data resulted in zones with a stronger correlation with soil nitrate. C1 [Franzen, D.; Casey, F.; Hofman, V.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept 7180, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Long, D.] ARS, USDA, CPCRC, Adams, OR 97810 USA. [Sims, A.] Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. [Lamb, J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Staricka, J.] N Dakota State Univ, Williston Res & Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. [Halvorson, M.] N Dakota State Univ, N Cent Res & Extens Ctr, S Minot, ND 58701 USA. RP Franzen, D (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept 7180, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.franzen@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 FU USDA-CSREES-IFAFS [00-52103-9652] FX The authors express appreciation to the USDA-CSREES-IFAFS award #00-52103-9652, for funding this project. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 594 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s11119-010-9207-0 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 790BL UT WOS:000292563400010 ER PT J AU Suh, JK Kim, JH Lee, AK Roh, MS AF Suh, J. K. Kim, J. H. Lee, A. K. Roh, M. S. TI Flowering of Watsonia laccata as influenced by corm storage and forcing temperatures SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Controlled flowering; Corms; Dormancy; Leaf-tip burn symptoms; New floral crops; Watsonia laccata ID CONTAINER PLANTS; HEIGHT AB The genus Watsonia, belonging to the family Iridaceae, is comprised of about 50 species including W laccata (Jacquin) Ker Gawler that flowers from September to November following low temperature and winter rainfall. Therefore, we hypothesized that flowering would be favored by forcing at low greenhouse temperatures. Using clonal W. laccata colitis, four experiments were designed to investigate the effect of temperatures during corm storage, forcing, and their interaction on growth and flowering. Conn formation is favored by growing plants at 18 20 degrees/15 degrees-17 degrees C and 21 degrees-23 degrees/18 degrees-20 degrees C, day/night temperatures. Flowering was earliest with corms produced at 24 degrees-26 degrees/18 degrees-20 degrees C and forced at 18 degrees-20/15 degrees-17 degrees C, and was significantly delayed when forced at 27 degrees-29 degrees/24 degrees-26 degrees C. Flowering was, however, favored by 2 or 4 weeks of high temperatures (27 degrees-29 degrees/24 degrees-26 degrees C) prior to forcing at low temperatures (18 degrees-20 degrees/15 degrees 17 degrees C). The number of florets was not significantly affected by corm storage, forcing temperatures, or their interaction, although forcing at high temperatures tends to reduce the floret number. Burn symptom at the tips of leaves was frequently observed, and further studies are required to understand the cause of the tip burn and how to correct the symptom. (C) 2010 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Suh, J. K.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, A. K.] Dankook Univ, Coll Bioresources Sci, Dept Environm Hort, Cheonan 330714, Chungnam, South Korea. [Roh, M. S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Suh, JK (reprint author), Dankook Univ, Coll Bioresources Sci, Dept Environm Hort, Cheonan 330714, Chungnam, South Korea. EM Suh6971@dankook.ac.kr NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-6299 J9 S AFR J BOT JI S. Afr. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 3 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.sajb.2010.12.007 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 788KU UT WOS:000292444600007 ER PT J AU Williamson, GB Wiemann, MC AF Williamson, G. Bruce Wiemann, Michael C. TI Age versus size determination of radial variation in wood specific gravity: lessons from eccentrics SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; Tree eccentricity; Radial gradients; Tree age and size; Wood specific gravity ID FOREST BIOMASS; NEOTROPICAL FORESTS; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; TROPICAL PIONEERS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; DENSITY; TREES; GRADIENTS; PATTERNS AB Radial increases in wood specific gravity have been shown to characterize early successional trees from tropical forests. Here, we develop and apply a novel method to test whether radial increases are determined by tree age or tree size. The method compares the slopes of specific gravity changes across a short radius and a long radius of trees with eccentric trunks. If radial changes are determined by size, then the slope of the change should be the same on both radii. If radial changes are determined by age, then the slope should be greater on the short radius. For 30 trees from 12 species with eccentricity of at least 4%, the ratio of the slopes of the linear regressions of specific gravity on radial distance (short radius slope/long radius slope) was regressed on the ratio of radii lengths (long radius/short radius). The regression was highly significant, and the faster increase in specific gravity on the short radius was sufficient to compensate for the difference in radius lengths, so the specific gravity of wood along the short radius was equal to the specific gravity on the long radius at any given proportional distance on the radius. Therefore, trees that are producing xylem faster on one radius than another produce wood of comparable specific gravity on both radii at the same time, so radial increases in specific gravity are dependent on tree age, not tree size. C1 [Williamson, G. Bruce] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wiemann, Michael C.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Wood Anat Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Williamson, GB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM btwill@lsu.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0639144]; American Philosophical Society FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-0639144) and the Michaux Fund of the American Philosophical Society. Sayra Navas, Ana Gomez, Sonia Vargas, Toni Soto and Jacqueline Henrot helped in extracting and measuring the cores. Luis Poveda and Nelson Zamora confirmed the species' identifications. We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Organization for Tropical Studies. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s00468-010-0535-5 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 793NE UT WOS:000292829400003 ER PT J AU Belz, RG Cedergreen, N Duke, SO AF Belz, R. G. Cedergreen, N. Duke, S. O. TI Herbicide hormesis - can it be useful in crop production? SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE allelochemical; biphasic; crop enhancement; dose-response; growth stimulation; phytotoxin ID PARTHENIUM-HYSTEROPHORUS L; DOSE RESPONSES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PROTEIN CONTENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PLANT-GROWTH; FRUIT SIZE; STIMULATION; TOXICOLOGY; STRESS AB The yield-enhancing effects of some pesticides may change the focus of their use in crop production, from crop protection to crop enhancement. While such beneficial uses of pesticides are specifically en vogue for fungicides and seed treatments, the use of herbicides for crop enhancement has not yet been realised. The potential for improving crop production by low-dose, stimulatory effects of herbicides has been proposed, and reports of 10-25% efficiency of improving certain plant traits under field conditions seem promising. However, past attempts to make use of herbicide hormesis, the term for this effect, have been largely unsuccessful. The reasons for this may be manifold, but the lack of understanding of the principles and mechanisms of this low-dose phenomenon in plants may have contributed to the often claimed lack of adequate predictability for commercial use. Thanks to the research progress recently made in this area, we are now better able to understand the principles of herbicide hormesis and its potential for crop enhancement. Therefore, this review highlights the potential of phytotoxins to induce plant hormesis and the factors influencing its expression. Based on this, possible practical constraints and consequences for the portfolio of uses for herbicides are discussed, along with undesired but apparent hormetic side effects of herbicides. C1 [Belz, R. G.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Prod & Agroecol Trop & Subtrop, Dept Agroecol, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Cedergreen, N.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Environm, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Duke, S. O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. RP Belz, RG (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Prod & Agroecol Trop & Subtrop, Dept Agroecol 380B, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM regina.belz@uni-hohenheim.de RI Cedergreen, Nina/F-6731-2014 OI Cedergreen, Nina/0000-0003-4724-9447 FU German Research Association (DFG) [BE4189/1-1] FX The technical assistance provided by Alexandra Heyn is greatly acknowledged. Data of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes are a courtesy of Prof Dr Jan Petersen. RG Belz was funded by the German Research Association (DFG Einzelforderung, project BE4189/1-1). The authors sincerely thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 51 IS 4 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00862.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 790CR UT WOS:000292566600001 ER PT J AU Riche, M Williams, TN AF Riche, M. Williams, T. N. TI Fish meal replacement with solvent-extracted soybean meal or soy protein isolate in a practical diet formulation for Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus, L.) reared in low salinity SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE efficiency; fish meal; Florida pompano; soy protein isolate; soybean meal; Trachinotus carolinus ID EUROPEAN SEA-BASS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; TAURINE SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AB Two 8-week growth trials were conducted with juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus fed 0-1000 g kg(-1) replacement of fish meal (FM) protein with soybean meal (SBM) or soy protein isolate (SPI). Practical-type diets were formulated with at least 360 g kg(-1) digestible protein and 24 mg kJ(-1) digestible protein/digestible energy. Weight gain and efficiency were not different between 0 and 800 g kg(-1) FM protein replacement with SBM. Regression of weight gain and protein productive value suggested a conservative level of SBM substitution was 380 g kg(-1) FM protein. It appeared that lysine could be limiting beyond 400 g kg(-1) FM replacement. No significant differences were detected in fish fed 0 and 200 g kg(-1) FM protein replacement with SPI. A decrease in weight gain and efficiency parameters occurred at 400 g kg(-1) protein replacement, and fish fed a replacement of 600 g kg(-1) or greater with SPI exhibited signs of starvation. A third trial indicated intake and growth were significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) in fish fed 600 g kg(-1) relative to 0 g kg(-1) FM protein replacement with SPI. Poor palatability of diets containing 400 g kg(-1) or more FM protein replacement with SPI appeared to be the causative factor for poor performance. C1 [Riche, M.; Williams, T. N.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5600 US Hwy 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM marty.riche@ars.usda.gov FU Link Foundation; USDA Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX This research was in partial fulfilment for the Master of Science program for the University of Maine, Orono, ME. Funding was provided in part by the Link Foundation and the USDA Agricultural Research Service project No. 6225-63000-007-00D. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr Megan Davis, Dr Chuck Weirich and Dr William Halteman for support in the completion of this manuscript. A special acknowledgement and deepest appreciation is reserved for David Haley and Patrick Tracy of the USDA, ARS Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. All programmes and services of the U. S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a non-discriminatory basis without regard to race, colour, national origin, religion, sex, marital status or handicap. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 17 IS 4 BP 368 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00808.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 789NA UT WOS:000292521000014 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH AF Welker, T. L. Lim, C. Yildirim-Aksoy, M. Klesius, P. H. TI Susceptibility of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed with dietary sodium chloride to nitrite toxicity SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; dietary sodium chloride; methaemoglobin; nitrite ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATPASE ACTIVITY; METHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION; WATERBORNE COPPER; CHINOOK SALMON; ACCLIMATION; INHIBITION; HEMOGLOBIN AB Juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were fed with nutritionally complete, basal diets supplemented with NaCl at 0, 10, 20 or 40 g kg(-1) diet (0, 1, 2, or 4%) to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 weeks. Catfish were exposed to nitrite after six (7.70 mg L-1 nitrite-N) and ten (7.18 mg L-1 nitrite-N) weeks of feeding to determine the effect of dietary NaCl supplementation on resistance to nitrite toxicity. Fish were sampled before (baseline, pre-exposure) and after 24-h nitrite exposure to determine the effects of dietary NaCl on haematology (haematocrit, haemoglobin and methaemoglobin) and plasma electrolyte dynamics (nitrite, chloride, sodium and potassium). Mortality from nitrite toxicity was also determined. Mortality from nitrite exposure tended to decrease with increasing NaCl in the diet at 6 weeks and was significantly lower in the 40 g kg(-1) NaCl group (12.5%) compared to the control group (57.5%). A similar trend in mortality occurred at 10 weeks as well; however, the differences among dietary treatments were not significant. The improvements in blood MetHb (non-significant), chloride and nitrite levels in catfish may at least in part be responsible for the improved survival after nitrite exposure, which trended in support of the prevailing hypotheses for the positive effects of NaCl on nitrite toxicity. C1 [Welker, T. L.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Lim, C.; Yildirim-Aksoy, M.; Klesius, P. H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM thomas.welker@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 17 IS 4 BP E892 EP E901 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00862.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 789NA UT WOS:000292521000010 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Spies, TA Olsen, KA AF Thompson, Jonathan R. Spies, Thomas A. Olsen, Keith A. TI Canopy damage to conifer plantations within a large mixed-severity wildfire varies with stand age SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biscuit Fire; Burn severity; Land use legacy; Klamath Mountains; Random Forest analysis; Geostatistical regression ID SOUTHWESTERN OREGON; RANDOM FORESTS; FIRE SEVERITY; CROWN FIRE; CLASSIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE; MODEL AB The 2002 Biscuit Fire burned at mixed-severities encompassing over 200,000 ha of publicly owned forest-land, including more than 8300 ha of conifer plantations. We used pre- and post-fire digital aerial photography to examine how the level of canopy damage varied within these plantations in relation to topography, weather, vegetation-cover, and management history, with an emphasis on the age of the plantation. We examined 198 plantations that varied widely in age (5-47 years), size (1.25-47 ha), and landscape context. The average level of canopy damage within the plantations was 77%. Based on Random Forest variable importance values, plantation age was the best predictor of canopy damage. Average annual precipitation, elevation and topographic position were ranked second, third, and fourth, respectively. A model selection procedure, using geo-statistical regression models and Akaike's information criterion, corroborated the importance of plantation age relative to the other predictors tested and also suggested that the influence of age varied over time. The top ranked regression model indicated that the level of canopy damage reached its maximum around age 15 and stayed relatively high until age 25 before declining. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thompson, Jonathan R.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olsen, Keith A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Smithsonian Inst, 1500 Remt Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM thompsonjr@si.edu; tspies@fs.fed.us; keith.olsen@oregonstate.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program. We thank Duck Creek Inc., for technical help and W. Cohen, T. Atzet, and R. Miller for helpful reviews. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 3 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.001 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 788EP UT WOS:000292428500007 ER PT J AU Powers, M Kolka, R Palik, B McDonald, R Jurgensen, M AF Powers, Matthew Kolka, Randall Palik, Brian McDonald, Rachel Jurgensen, Martin TI Long-term management impacts on carbon storage in Lake States forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Long-term studies; Northern hardwoods; Red pine; Silviculture ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; RED PINE; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; BIOMASS; GROWTH; STANDS; STOCKS; SEQUESTRATION; CONSEQUENCES; PONDEROSA AB We examined carbon storage following 50+ years of forest management in two long-term silvicultural studies in red pine and northern hardwood ecosystems of North America's Great Lakes region. The studies contrasted various thinning intensities (red pine) or selection cuttings, shelterwoods, and diameter-limit cuttings (northern hardwoods) to unmanaged controls of similar ages, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate long-term management impacts on carbon pools in two major North American forest types. Management resulted in total ecosystem carbon pools of 130-137 Mg ha(-1) in thinned red pine and 96-177 Mg ha(-1) in managed northern hardwoods compared to 195 Mg ha(-1) in unmanaged red pine and 224 Mg ha(-1) in unmanaged northern hardwoods. Managed stands had smaller tree and deadwood pools than unmanaged stands in both ecosystems, but management had limited impacts on understory, forest floor, and soil carbon pools. Total carbon storage and storage in individual pools varied little across thinning intensities in red pine. In northern hardwoods, selection cuttings stored more carbon than the diameter-limit treatment, and selection cuttings generally had larger tree carbon pools than the shelter-wood or diameter-limit treatments. The proportion of total ecosystem carbon stored in mineral soil tended to increase with increasing treatment intensity in both ecosystems, while the proportion of total ecosystem carbon stored in the tree layer typically decreased with increasing treatment intensity. When carbon storage in harvested wood products was added to total ecosystem carbon, selection cuttings and unmanaged stands stored similar levels of carbon in northern hardwoods, but carbon storage in unmanaged stands was higher than that of thinned stands for red pine even after adding harvested wood product carbon to total ecosystem carbon. Our results indicate long-term management decreased on-site carbon storage in red pine and northern hardwood ecosystems, but thinning intensity had little impact on carbon storage in red pine while increasing management intensity greatly reduced carbon storage in northern hardwoods. These findings suggest thinning to produce different stand structures would have limited impacts on carbon storage in red pine, but selection cuttings likely offer the best carbon management options in northern hardwoods. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Powers, Matthew; Kolka, Randall; Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Powers, Matthew; McDonald, Rachel; Jurgensen, Martin] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Powers, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM mdpowers@mtu.edu; rkolka@fs.fed.us; bpalik@fs.fed.us; ratarpey@mtu.edu; mfjurgen@mtu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Agenda 2020 Program FX We would like to thank Christel Kern, Doug Kastendick, and John Elioff for their assistance with field data collection and sample preparation. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and the Agenda 2020 Program. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 3 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.008 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 788EP UT WOS:000292428500015 ER PT J AU Stanley, D AF Stanley, D. TI Eicosanoids: progress towards manipulating insect immunity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; cellular immunity; dsRNA; gene silencing; immunity suppression ID PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2) ACTIVITY; HORNWORM MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; FAT-BODY; PROSTAGLANDIN BIOSYNTHESIS; XENORHABDUS-NEMATOPHILUS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NODULATION RESPONSES; TRYPANOSOMA-RANGELI AB Insect immunity is exclusively innate, lacking the antibody-based adaptive immunity of vertebrates. Innate immunity is a naturally occurring, non-specific system that does not require previous infectious experience. In this paper, I describe insect immunity and review the roles of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids as crucial signals that mediate insect immune reactions to challenge. Despite physical barriers (the integument) and robust epithelial immune functions in salivary glands, tracheal systems and midgut, many microbes and parasitoids invade insect haemocoels. Once invaders are detected within the body, insects unleash potent immune effectors, traditionally assorted into cellular (haemocytic) and humoral immunity. Humoral immunity refers to induced expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and the enzymes lysozyme and prophenoloxidase. These proteins appear in haemolymph of infected insects 6-12 h post-infection. Haemocytic immunity is characterized by direct interactions between invaders and circulating haemocytes. These reactions begin immediately when an infection is detected and, in the case of bacterial infections, are the predominant responses, responsible for clearing the vast majority of infecting bacterial cells within the first 2 h after infection. As a measure of cellular immunity, a recent field study shows that virtually all insects become infected and many fully recover from the infections. Insect immune functions are of such biological significance that they may limit the effectiveness of some biological control programmes. I highlight the efficacy of insect immunity and the importance of eicosanoids as immune signals by reviewing two cases in which microbes have evolved the ability to suppress host insect immunity by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. I complete the paper with a description of a major research goal in the Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, now focused on developing molecular tools to cripple pest insect immunity at the field level. C1 ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM david.stanley@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 135 IS 7 BP 534 EP 545 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01612.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 788SY UT WOS:000292465900009 ER PT J AU Felicetti, E Mattheis, JP Zhu, YM Fellman, JK AF Felicetti, Erin Mattheis, James P. Zhu, Yanmin Fellman, John K. TI Dynamics of ascorbic acid in 'Braeburn' and 'Gala' apples during on-tree development and storage in atmospheres conducive to internal browning development SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 'Braeburn' browning disorder; CO(2) injury; CA storage; AgNO(3) staining ID VITAMIN-C; HISTOCHEMICAL-LOCALIZATION; CHILLING INJURY; HARVEST DATE; FRUIT; METABOLISM; DISORDER; DIPHENYLAMINE; GLUTATHIONE; PLANTS AB The underlying causes as well as chemical and biochemical alleviation for CO(2)-induced browning in apple fruit are poorly understood. Ascorbic acid (AsA) dynamics in 'Braeburn,' a susceptible cultivar, and 'Gala', a resistant cultivar, were evaluated during on-tree development and storage at 0.5 degrees C in air or controlled atmospheres (CA) containing 1 kPa O(2) and 1, 3 or 5 kPa CO(2). 'Braeburn' fruit treated with diphenylamine (DPA) was also stored for 1 month to determine effects on browning incidence and AsA concentration. 'Braeburn' apples had significantly higher (p <= 0.05) AsA levels than 'Gala' during on-tree development, and storage. No correlation between AsA and maturity/ripening indices for 'Braeburn' or 'Gala' was apparent. Histochemical localization of fruit AsA showed a staining intensity consistent with the quantity analytically determined, and showed that AsA is diffusely distributed throughout the cortex in both cultivars during on-tree development. During storage, AsA was localized to the periphery of brown tissue in 'Braeburn' and to the coreline and cortex proximal to the peel in 'Braeburn' and 'Gala' tissues. DPA decreased browning development during storage, however, no correlation between DPA treatment and AsA quantity in healthy or brown cortex tissue was observed. The results indicate AsA quantity alone is not an indicator of CO(2) sensitivity in these two cultivars. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mattheis, James P.; Zhu, Yanmin] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Felicetti, Erin; Fellman, John K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM james.mattheis@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2011 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.03.007 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 787XY UT WOS:000292411200001 ER PT J AU Charleston, B Rodriguez, LL AF Charleston, B. Rodriguez, L. L. TI Understanding Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Early Pathogenesis and Immune Responses SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Charleston, B.] Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Surrey, England. [Rodriguez, L. L.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Orient, NY USA. RP Charleston, B (reprint author), Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Surrey, England. EM bryan.charleston@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01237.x PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 790DO UT WOS:000292568900001 PM 21733132 ER PT J AU Golde, WT de los Santos, T Robinson, L Grubman, MJ Sevilla, N Summerfield, A Charleston, B AF Golde, W. T. de los Santos, T. Robinson, L. Grubman, M. J. Sevilla, N. Summerfield, A. Charleston, B. TI Evidence of Activation and Suppression during the Early Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Review DE foot-and-mouth disease; immune evasion; interferon; T-independent antibody ID B-CELL; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; LEADER PROTEINASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACUTE INFECTION; FMDV PEPTIDES; IN-VITRO; CATTLE; VACCINATION AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes a serious disease of livestock species, threatening free global trade and food security. The disease spreads rapidly between animals, and to ensure a window of opportunity for such spread, the virus has evolved multiple mechanisms to subvert the early immune response. The cycle of infection in the individual animal is very short, infection is initiated, disseminated throughout the body and infectious virus produced in <7 days. Foot-and-mouth disease virus has been shown to disrupt the innate response in vitro and also interacts directly with antigen-presenting cells and their precursors. This interaction results in suboptimal immune function, favouring viral replication and the delayed onset of specific adaptive T-cell responses. Detailed understanding of this cycle is crucial to effectively control disease in livestock populations. Knowledge-based vaccine design would specifically target and induce the immunological mechanisms of early protection and of robust memory induction. Specifically, information on the contribution of cytokines and interferon, innate immune cells as well as humoral and cellular immunity can be employed to design vaccines promoting such responses. Furthermore, understanding of viral escape mechanisms of immunity can be used to create attenuated viruses that could be used to develop novel vaccines and to study viral pathogenesis. C1 [Robinson, L.; Charleston, B.] Inst Anim Hlth, Surrey, England. [Golde, W. T.; de los Santos, T.; Grubman, M. J.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. [Sevilla, N.] INIA, Ctr Invest Sanidad Anim, Madrid, Spain. [Summerfield, A.] Inst Virol & Immunoprophylaxis, Mittelhausern, Switzerland. RP Charleston, B (reprint author), Inst Anim Hlth, Surrey, England. EM Bryan.Charleston@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Sevilla, Noemi/K-8648-2014; Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014; OI Sevilla, Noemi/0000-0003-0118-0376; Summerfield, Artur/0000-0001-8292-4634 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01223.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 790DO UT WOS:000292568900002 PM 21501424 ER PT J AU Arzt, J Juleff, N Zhang, Z Rodriguez, LL AF Arzt, J. Juleff, N. Zhang, Z. Rodriguez, L. L. TI The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease I: Viral Pathways in Cattle SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Review DE foot-and-mouth; virus; cattle; bovine; pathogenesis; FMD ID VIRUS-INFECTION; SITU HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CAPSID PROTEINS; ANTIGENIC SITES; BOVINE-TISSUES; CARRIER STATE; PERSISTENCE; LOCALIZATION; SELECTION AB In 1898, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) earned a place in history as the first disease of animals shown to be caused by a virus. Yet, despite over a century of active investigation and elucidation of many aspects of FMD pathogenesis, critical knowledge about the virus-host interactions is still lacking. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of FMD pathogenesis in cattle spanning from the earliest studies to recently acquired insights emphasizing works which describe animals infected by methodologies most closely resembling natural infection (predominantly aerosol or direct/indirect contact). The three basic phases of FMD pathogenesis in vivo will be dissected and characterized as: (i) pre-viraemia characterized by infection and replication at the primary replication site(s), (ii) sustained viraemia with generalization and vesiculation at secondary infection sites and (iii) post-viraemia/convalescence including resolution of clinical disease that may result in long-term persistent infection. Critical evaluation of the current status of understanding will be used to identify knowledge gaps to guide future research efforts. C1 [Arzt, J.; Rodriguez, L. L.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Juleff, N.; Zhang, Z.] Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Surrey, England. RP Arzt, J (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM jonathan.arzt@ars.usda.gov RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014; OI Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 FU Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Alliance; Agricultural Research Service; United States Department of Agriculture; CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D]; Department for Environment and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom FX The information contained herein includes the output of the recent Workshop on FMDV Early Pathogenesis and Transmission convened at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, United Kingdom, January, 2010 and sponsored in part by the Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Alliance. Funding was, in part, provided by Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, CRIS project 1940-32000-052-00D and by the Department for Environment and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom. The following esteemed scientists are acknowledged for careful review and critique of the manuscript B. Baxt, B. Charleston, M.J. Grubman, T. Jackson, D.J. Paton, E. Rieder and R. Waters. NR 77 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01204.x PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 790DO UT WOS:000292568900003 PM 21366894 ER PT J AU Arzt, J Baxt, B Grubman, MJ Jackson, T Juleff, N Rhyan, J Rieder, E Waters, R Rodriguez, LL AF Arzt, J. Baxt, B. Grubman, M. J. Jackson, T. Juleff, N. Rhyan, J. Rieder, E. Waters, R. Rodriguez, L. L. TI The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease II: Viral Pathways in Swine, Small Ruminants, and Wildlife; Myotropism, Chronic Syndromes, and Molecular Virus-Host Interactions SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Review DE foot-and-mouth; virus; pig; sheep; myocarditis; wildlife; pathogenesis; foot-and mouth disease; FMD ID BUFFALO SYNCERUS-CAFFER; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; IMPALA AEPYCEROS-MELAMPUS; AFRICAN BUFFALO; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; CULTURED-CELLS; INFECTED-PIGS; NATURAL TRANSMISSION; SECRETORY PATHWAY AB Investigation into the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has focused on the study of the disease in cattle with less emphasis on pigs, small ruminants and wildlife. 'Atypical' FMD-associated syndromes such as myocarditis, reproductive losses and chronic heat intolerance have also received little attention. Yet, all of these manifestations of FMD are reflections of distinct pathogenesis events. For example, naturally occurring porcinophilic strains and unique virus-host combinations that result in high-mortality outbreaks surely have their basis in molecular-, cellular-and tissue-level interactions between host and virus (i.e. pathogenesis). The goal of this review is to emphasize how the less commonly studied FMD syndromes and host species contribute to the overall understanding of pathogenesis and how extensive in vitro studies have contributed to our understanding of disease processes in live animals. C1 [Arzt, J.; Baxt, B.; Grubman, M. J.; Rieder, E.; Rodriguez, L. L.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Jackson, T.; Juleff, N.; Waters, R.] Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Surrey, England. [Rhyan, J.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Arzt, J (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM jonathan.arzt@ars.usda.gov RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014; OI Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 FU Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Alliance; Agricultural Research Service; United States Department of Agriculture; CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D]; Department for Environment and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom FX The information contained herein includes the output of the recent Workshop on FMDV Early Pathogenesis and Transmission convened at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, United Kingdom, January, 2010 and sponsored in part by the Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Alliance. Funding was, in part, provided by Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, CRIS project 1940-32000-052-00D and by the Department for Environment and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr David Paton for insightful review of the manuscript. Meghan Tucker provided superb histotechnological support. NR 182 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 305 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01236.x PG 22 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 790DO UT WOS:000292568900004 PM 21672184 ER PT J AU Mohamed, F Swafford, S Petrowski, H Bracht, A Schmit, B Fabian, A Pacheco, JM Hartwig, E Berninger, M Carrillo, C Mayr, G Moran, K Kavanaugh, D Leibrecht, H White, W Metwally, S AF Mohamed, F. Swafford, S. Petrowski, H. Bracht, A. Schmit, B. Fabian, A. Pacheco, J. M. Hartwig, E. Berninger, M. Carrillo, C. Mayr, G. Moran, K. Kavanaugh, D. Leibrecht, H. White, W. Metwally, S. TI Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Feral Swine: Susceptibility and Transmission SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Feral swine; Foot-and-mouth disease; susceptibility; transmission ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; RNA-POLYMERASE; INFECTED-PIGS; RT-PCR; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DIFFERENTIATION; PATHOGENESIS AB Experimental studies of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in feral swine are limited, and data for clinical manifestations and disease transmissibility are lacking. In this report, feral and domestic swine were experimentally infected with FMDV (A24-Cruzeiro), and susceptibility and virus transmission were studied. Feral swine were proved to be highly susceptible to A-24 Cruzeiro FMD virus by intradermal inoculation and by contact with infected domestic and feral swine. Typical clinical signs in feral swine included transient fever, lameness and vesicular lesions in the coronary bands, heel bulbs, tip of the tongue and snout. Domestic swine exhibited clinical signs of the disease within 24 h after contact with feral swine, whereas feral swine did not show clinical signs of FMD until 48 h after contact with infected domestic and feral swine. Clinical scores of feral and domestic swine were comparable. However, feral swine exhibited a higher tolerance for the disease, and their thicker, darker skin made vesicular lesions difficult to detect. Virus titration of oral swabs showed that both feral and domestic swine shed similar amounts of virus, with levels peaking between 2 to 4 dpi/dpc (days post-inoculation/days post-contact). FMDV RNA was intermittently detectable in the oral swabs by real-time RT-PCR of both feral and domestic swine between 1 and 8 dpi/dpc and in some instances until 14 dpi/12 dpc. Both feral and domestic swine seroconverted 6-8 dpi/dpc as measured by 3ABC antibody ELISA and VIAA assays. FMDV RNA levels in animal room air filters were similar in feral and domestic swine animal rooms, and were last detected at 22 dpi, while none were detectable at 28 or 35 dpi. The FMDV RNA persisted in domestic and feral swine tonsils up to 33-36 dpi/dpc, whereas virus isolation was negative. Results from this study will help understand the role feral swine may play in sustaining an FMD outbreak, and may be utilized in guiding surveillance, epidemiologic and economic models. C1 [Mohamed, F.; Petrowski, H.; Bracht, A.; Fabian, A.; Berninger, M.; Carrillo, C.; Mayr, G.; Moran, K.; Leibrecht, H.; White, W.; Metwally, S.] APHIS, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Swafford, S.; Schmit, B.] APHIS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Pacheco, J. M.; Hartwig, E.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. [Kavanaugh, D.] APHIS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Metwally, S (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Samia.a.metwally@aphis.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 358 EP 371 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01213.x PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 790DO UT WOS:000292568900009 PM 21418546 ER PT J AU Rivas, DA Morris, EP Fielding, RA AF Rivas, D. A. Morris, E. P. Fielding, R. A. TI Lipogenic regulators are elevated with age and chronic overload in rat skeletal muscle SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE lipid metabolism; mechanical overload; sarcopenia; skeletal muscle ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; BROWN-NORWAY RATS; INTRAMUSCULAR TRIGLYCERIDE; INDUCED HYPERTROPHY; SATURATED-FAT; OLDER-ADULTS; YOUNG-ADULT AB Aim: Both muscle mass and strength decline with ageing, but the loss of strength far surpasses what is projected based on the decline in mass. Interestingly, the accumulation of fat mass has been shown to be a strong predictor of functional loss and disability. Furthermore, there is a known attenuated hypertrophic response to skeletal muscle overload with ageing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 28 days of overload on the storage of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) and metabolic regulators of lipid synthesis in young and old skeletal muscle. Methods: The phosphorylation and expression of essential lipogenic regulators were determined in the plantaris of young (YNG; 6-month-old) and aged (OLD; 30-month-old) rats subjected to bilateral synergist ablation (SA) of two-thirds of the gastrocnemius muscle or sham surgery. Results: We demonstrate that age-induced increases in IMTG are associated with enhancements in the expression of lipogenic regulators in muscle. We also show that the phosphorylation and concentration of the 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) isoforms are altered in OLD. We observed increases in the expression of lipogenic regulators and AMPK signalling after SA in YNG, despite no increase in IMTG. Markers of oxidative capacity were increased in YNG after SA. These overload-induced effects were blunted in OLD. Conclusion: These data suggest that lipid metabolism may be altered in ageing skeletal muscle and is unaffected by mechanical overload via SA. By determining the role of increased lipid storage on skeletal muscle mass during ageing, possible gene targets for the treatment of sarcopenia may be identified. C1 [Rivas, D. A.; Morris, E. P.; Fielding, R. A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu OI Rivas, Donato/0000-0002-4500-6233 FU USDA [58-1950-7-707]; NIA [R03AG025270]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Center OAIC [1P30AG031679] FX This material is based upon the work supported by the USDA, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707 Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Also supported by NIA Grant No. R03AG025270 (RAF) and the Boston Claude D. Pepper Center OAIC (1P30AG031679). The authors thank Mauricio Morais, Allistair Mallillin and Tracy Kendall for their excellent technical assistance. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1748-1708 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL JI Acta Physiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 202 IS 4 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02289.x PG 11 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 786PN UT WOS:000292320500010 PM 21439027 ER PT J AU Kayes, LJ Puettmann, KJ Anderson, PD AF Kayes, Lori J. Puettmann, Klaus J. Anderson, Paul D. TI Short-term bryoid and vascular vegetation response to reforestation alternatives following wildfire in conifer plantations SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aspect; Bryophytes; Fire; Mixed-species plantings; Plantation management; Shrub removal; Site conditions; Vegetation dynamics; Vegetation removal ID NATURALLY REGENERATED FORESTS; MECHANICAL SITE PREPARATION; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; TREE PLANTATIONS; WESTERN OREGON; SUCCESSION; RESTORATION AB Question: How are dynamics of early-seral post-fire vascular plant and bryoid (terrestrial mosses, lichens, and fungi) vegetation impacted by reforestation activities, particularly manual vegetation removal and planting density? Does the relationship between vegetation dynamics and vegetation removal differ between harsh (west-facing) and moderate (east-facing) aspects? Location: Five high-severity burn plantation forests of Pseudotsuga menziesii in southwestern Oregon, USA. Methods: Plantations severely burned in a recent wildfire were planted with conifer seedlings as a four-species mixture or a monoculture, at two different densities, with and without manual vegetation removal. A subset of plots was also planted on a contrasting aspect within each plantation. The contrasting aspects differed in potential solar insolation and were indicative of moderate (eastern exposure) and harsh (western exposure) site conditions. Covers of shrub, herbaceous and bryoid vegetation layers were measured during reforestation activities 2-4 yr after the fire. Dynamics of structural layer cover and community composition were compared among treatments with analysis of variance and multivariate analyses (non-metric multidimensional scaling and blocked multi-response permutation procedure). Results: Structural layer cover and community composition differed between areas that received reforestation treatments and untreated areas. However, variability within treatments in a plantation was greater than variability within treatments across plantations. Effects of vegetation removal on composition and structure were more evident than effects of planting or altering planting density. Vegetation removal decreased cover of tall and low shrub and the bryoid layer, and increased herbaceous layer cover. Bryoid community and low shrub structural layer responses were more pronounced on moderate aspects than on harsh aspects. Vegetation removal shifted vascular plant community composition towards exotic and annual species. Conclusions: These reforestation treatments may be implemented without substantially altering early-seral vegetation community composition dynamics, especially in areas with harsh site conditions. Site conditions, such as aspect, should be evaluated to determine need and potential effects of reforestation before implementation. Monitoring for exotic species establishment should follow reforestation activities. C1 [Kayes, Lori J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Puettmann, Klaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Paul D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Kayes, LJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM lorikayes@gmail.com; Klaus.puettmann@oregonstate.edu; pdanderson@fs.fed.us FU USDI Bureau of Land Management; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; OSU Forest Science Department FX This work is part the Timbered Rock Reforestation, Stand Development and Fuels Study. We thank Dan Mikowski, Mariah Moser, Jenifer Curley, Heather Hayden, Grace Pugh, Lianne Davis, Mike DeLoy and David Larson for help in the field and with plot layout, David Wagner for assistance in bryophyte identification, Lisa Ganio, Manuela Huso and Bruce McCune for statistical advice and Pat Muir, Bruce McCune and two anonymous reviewers for valuable insight and comments. This research was funded by USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and OSU Forest Science Department. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 326 EP 339 DI 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01129.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 786WY UT WOS:000292339800004 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Harrison, HF Simmons, AM Zhang, SC Jackson, DM AF Ling, Kai-Shu Harrison, Howard F. Simmons, Alvin M. Zhang, Shuo Cheng Jackson, D. Michael TI Experimental host range and natural reservoir of sweet potato leaf curl virus in the United States SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Begomovirus; Ipomoea; Bemisia tabaci; Real-time PCR; SPLCV ID FEATHERY-MOTTLE-VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; IPOMOEA; CHINA; GEMINIVIRUSES; ALEYRODIDAE; LOUISIANA; YIELD AB Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), a sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted begomovirus, causes serious yield losses to many sweet potato cultivars. Using experimental whitefly transmissions in a greenhouse (choice tests) and in a growth chamber (no-choice tests), we evaluated 111 plant species in 30 families to determine the host range of SPLCV. The host range was limited to plants in the genus Iponmea within the family Convolvulaceae. In total, 38 of 45 Ipomoea species tested were susceptible to SPLCV infection. Surveys were conducted during the 2007-2009 sweet potato growing seasons in Mississippi and South Carolina to evaluate morning glory species as potential reservoir hosts for SPLCV. In the sweet potato experimental fields and surrounding areas, a large proportion of volunteer sweet potatoes, as well as a high percentage of annual and perennial morning glories tested positive for SPLCV. Understanding the host range and potential virus reservoir host plants will ultimately help in the development of an effective disease management strategy that is based on the consideration of agro-ecological factors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ling, Kai-Shu; Harrison, Howard F.; Simmons, Alvin M.; Jackson, D. Michael] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Zhang, Shuo Cheng] Alcorn State Univ, Ctr Biotechnol & Genom, Alcorn State, MS 39096 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1055 EP 1062 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.03.009 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 784SP UT WOS:000292178800017 ER PT J AU Henning, JA Townsend, MS Gent, DH Bassil, N Matthews, P Buck, E Beatson, R AF Henning, John A. Townsend, M. Shaun Gent, David H. Bassil, Nahla Matthews, Paul Buck, Emily Beatson, Ron TI QTL mapping of powdery mildew susceptibility in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE AFLP; DArT; Humulus lupulus; Microsatellite; Powdery mildew; QTL mapping; S-genes ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; TECHNOLOGY DART; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; MARKERS; RAPD AB Hop powdery mildew [Podosphaera macularis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takam.] is best controlled via the production of resistant varieties. Recent evidence supports selection against plant susceptibility genes to fungal pathogens as a more durable resistance mechanism than selection for resistance genes. The objective of this study was to identify molecular-based QTLs, their genetic effects and epistasis among QTLs associated with susceptibility to powdery mildew. Parents and offspring from the cross, 'Perle' x 'USDA 19058M', were clonally replicated and inoculated in a greenhouse using a CRD experimental design in Corvallis, OR. DNA was extracted, purified and analyzed via three different marker systems. Analysis of the resulting markers was based upon the "two-way pseudo-testcross" procedure. QTL mapping using multiple interval mapping and Bayesian interval mapping analyses were performed using WinQTL Cartographer 2.5_003. Comparison amongst mapping analyses identified three persistent QTLs on three linkage groups without significant epistatic effect upon expression. The persistent QTL on linkage group C7 had both additive and dominant effects controlling phenotype expression. The presence or absence of the two AFLP markers bordering the QTL on C7 defined susceptibility in offspring. This is the first report in hop identifying molecular markers linked to QTLs associated with disease susceptibility. C1 [Henning, John A.; Gent, David H.] ARS, USDA, Forage Seed Crop Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Townsend, M. Shaun] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bassil, Nahla] ARS, USDA, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Matthews, Paul] SS Steiner, Hopsteiner, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Buck, Emily; Beatson, Ron] Auckland Mail Ctr, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Henning, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage Seed Crop Res Unit, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM john.henning@ars.usda.gov RI Beatson, Ron/G-3363-2014; Buck, Emily/P-2687-2016; OI Buck, Emily/0000-0002-3292-1694; Beatson, Ron/0000-0002-8807-798X FU International Hop DArT Consortium FX The authors wish to acknowledge support from the International Hop DArT Consortium (Members listed alphabetically by first name: Andreja Cerenak; Anthony Koutoulis; Branka Javornik; Claudia Wiedow; Emily Buck; Erin Howard; Gene Probasco; Jernej Jakse; John Henning; Jules Freeman; Paul Matthews; Peter Darby; Rene Vaillancourt; Ron Beatson and Simon Whittock) along with their respective institutions for providing information and support to screen the USDA-ARS mapping population used in this study with diversity array technology (DArT) markers (www.diversityarray.com/). We would also like to thank Andrzej Kilian and Diversity Array Technology Pty Ltd for providing the DArT marker data for QTL mapping analyses. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD AUG PY 2011 VL 180 IS 3 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0403-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 782HH UT WOS:000291998600010 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Cook, D Gardner, DR Grum, DS AF Ralphs, M. H. Cook, D. Gardner, D. R. Grum, D. S. TI Transmission of the locoweed endophyte to the next generation of plants SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Astragalus; Embellisia; Endophyte; Livestock poisoning; Locoweed; Oxytropis; Undifilum oxytropis ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; OXYTROPIS-LAMBERTII; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; SWAINSONINE; POPULATIONS; GENOTYPE; ERGOVALINE; GRASSES; SPP. AB Locoweed species of the legume genera Astragalus and Oxytropis (Fabaceae) contain the toxic alkaloid swainsonine, and poison livestock in semi-arid regions throughout the world. Recently, the endophyte Undifilum oxytropis (previously characterized as Embellisia spp.) was found in species of Astragalus and Oxytropis, and was shown to produce swainsonine. A survey of major locoweed species was conducted throughout the western U.S. in 2005 to verify the presence of the endophyte and swainsonine. Seed from these plants was collected to verify the transmission of the endophyte to progeny. In study 1, seed from each parent plant from which the endophyte could be cultured was germinated and seedlings were grown for 4-6 months and then harvested. The presence and quantity of the endophyte was determined by real-time PCR, and swainsonine concentration by LC/MS. The endophyte was transmitted to nearly all of the progeny, however, it was extremely low (< 0.38 pg endophyte DNA/ng total DNA) in 15 % of the samples, and swainsonine was near the detection threshold or not detected. In the remaining 85 % of the samples, the endophyte ranged from 3.2 to 36.2 pg ng(-1), and swainsonine concentration ranged from 0.21 % to 0.79 %. In study 2, seeds were taken from parent plants in the original 2005 survey from which the endophyte could not be cultured, though its presence was detected by PCR. The seeds were germinated and seedlings were grown for 4 months. The endophyte was detected by PCR in 94 % of the progeny, but the amounts were very low (< 0.29 pg ng(-1)) and swainsonine was not detected in any of the samples. It appears that U. oxytropis has near perfect (approaching 100 %) vertical transmission to the next generation of seedlings. However, a small proportion of the progeny had low endophyte/low or no swainsonine, and this characteristic was inherited in the next generation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Ralphs, M. H.; Cook, D.; Gardner, D. R.; Grum, D. S.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Michael.Ralphs@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2011.03.001 PG 5 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA 783ZH UT WOS:000292122900001 ER PT J AU Henk, DA Farr, DF Aime, MC AF Henk, D. A. Farr, D. F. Aime, M. C. TI Mycodiplosis (Diptera) infestation of rust fungi is frequent, wide spread and possibly host specific SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biocontrol; Fly larvae; Herbaria; Host-specificity; Mycophagy; Pucciniales AB Insect mycophagy is considered common but generally lacking host-specificity. Larvae of some Mycodiplosis species (Insecta, Diptera) feed primarily on spores of rust fungi (Basidiomycota, Pucciniales). The number of rust-feeding species and their relative frequency, distribution, and degree of host-specificity are not known. A survey of 200 recent rust collections from around the world, and a systematic survey of 333 herbarium specimens from Maryland show that Mycodiplosis infestation is very common. Desiccated larvae were found on specimens dating back as far as 1886, the oldest collection in the survey. Greater than 20 % of all rust collections examined were infested with Mycodiplosis larvae. In Maryland infestation frequencies were similar at different spatial scales, but different rust species varied in their frequency of infestation. Primers were designed to target Mycodiplosis 28S rDNA, and sequence data revealed genetic variation between Mycodiplosis isolates from different rust species. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Henk, D. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [Farr, D. F.] USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Aime, M. C.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Henk, DA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus, London W2 1PG, England. EM d.henk@imperial.ac.uk; David.Farr@ars.usda.gov; MAime@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2011.03.006 PG 6 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA 783ZH UT WOS:000292122900006 ER PT J AU James, JJ Svejcar, TJ Rinella, MJ AF James, Jeremy J. Svejcar, Tony J. Rinella, Matthew J. TI Demographic processes limiting seedling recruitment in arid grassland restoration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual grass; fire; great basin; invasion; life stage; seeding ID SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; CARDUUS-NUTANS; GRASSES; GERMINATION; LIFE; DISPERSAL; EMERGENCE; ESTABLISHMENT; LIMITATION; MANAGEMENT AB 1. Seeding is an important management tool in aridland restoration, but seeded species often fail to establish. Previous research has largely focused on the technical aspects of seeding with little effort directed at identifying demographic processes driving recruitment failures. 2. In tilled plots, in each of 3 years, we estimated life stage transition probabilities for three species commonly used in sage steppe restoration. We also took similar measurements on seed sown by managers following four major fires. 3. Point estimates and associated Bayesian confidence intervals demonstrated germination probabilities that were consistently high, averaging 0.72. However, estimates suggest only 17 and 7% of the germinated seeds emerged in the tilled plots and fire sites, respectively. Following emergence, survival across the seedling, juvenile and adult transitions averaged 0.72. This suggests the transition from a germinated seed to an emerged seedling was the major bottleneck in recruitment. Although most individuals died during emergence, this was not always the principal source of variation in recruitment across sites. 4. Synthesis and applications. Processes occurring after emergence, such as mortality during spring and summer drought, may contribute to site-to-site variation in recruitment but are unlikely to be the main causes of restoration failures. Instead, recruitment may largely be determined by processes occurring during emergence, such as freezing and thawing of the seedbed, development of physical soil crusts and pathogen attack on germinated seeds. Using tools such as seed coatings and soil amendments to manage processes inhibiting emergence and developing seed mixes with higher emergence probabilities are likely to greatly improve restoration outcomes in the sage steppe and similar aridland systems. C1 [James, Jeremy J.; Svejcar, Tony J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Rinella, Matthew J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh LARRL, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 60 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02009.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100017 ER PT J AU Besaw, LM Thelen, GC Sutherland, S Metlen, K Callaway, RM AF Besaw, Levi M. Thelen, Giles C. Sutherland, Steve Metlen, Kerry Callaway, Ragan M. TI Disturbance, resource pulses and invasion: short-term shifts in competitive effects, not growth responses, favour exotic annuals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annuals; competition; fire retardant; invasion; nutrient pulse; wildfire ID PLANT INVASIONS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; WESTERN MONTANA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NITROGEN UPTAKE; FOREST; INVASIBILITY; GRASSLAND AB 1. Increased resource availability and resource pulses often promote invasion by exotic invasive plants, but the relative importance of increased resource supply for invaders with different life histories is likely to vary. It is also unclear whether increased resources allow invaders to outgrow their native neighbours or alter the outcome of competition. Understanding mechanisms by which different invasive life histories respond to resource supply will help to target the most important species to control. 2. We found that aerially dropped wildfire retardant on intermountain grassland provided a very high pulse of N and P and caused dramatic increases in the abundance of annual exotic invaders already present in the system. Field experiments with retardant stimulated similar shifts to dominance by exotic annuals and decreases in native perennial grasses, but elicited no responses by native annual species. 3. In a greenhouse experiment, the growth response of both exotic and native species to retardant was not related to the intensity of mean competitive effects or responses. Concomitantly, gram per gram competitive effects differed substantially among species and treatments. N-caused shifts in the strength of competitive interactions were far better predictors than growth responses of the effects of retardant in the field. For example, Centaurea stoebe, an invasive perennial forb, grew disproportionally more than any other species in response to retardant when grown alone, but retardant significantly shifted competitive outcomes with this invader in favour of exotic annuals and the native bunch grass Pseudoroegneria spicata. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that an extreme nutrient pulse did not create conditions whereby invaders outgrew native neighbours or other exotics, but instead altered the competitive playing field in ways that resulted in considerable changes in community composition. Given the minuscule scale of retardant drops on the landscape, our results do not suggest changing the way retardant is used to combat wildfire but do suggest that localized post-retardant weed control may be important so that retardant drops do not become point sources for exotic invasion. Furthermore, our results suggest that under high N conditions, invaders with annual life histories should be prioritized for control. C1 [Thelen, Giles C.; Metlen, Kerry; Callaway, Ragan M.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Besaw, Levi M.] Salish Kootenai Coll, Pablo, MT 59855 USA. [Sutherland, Steve] US Forest Serv, Forests & Woodlands Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Callaway, RM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM ray.callaway@mso.umt.edu FU NSF [DBI-0602746]; DoD SERDP; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation; University of Montana; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX LMB thanks Project TRAIN (Training American Indians in Environmental Biology) from the NSF (DBI-0602746) and Dr. Penny Kukuk for mentoring through this programme. RMC is grateful for funding from DoD SERDP, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the University of Montana Sponsored Research Office and the Rocky Mountain Research Station. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for substantial improvements to the paper. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 998 EP 1006 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01988.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100021 ER PT J AU Chandler, RB King, DI AF Chandler, Richard B. King, David I. TI Habitat quality and habitat selection of golden-winged warblers in Costa Rica: an application of hierarchical models for open populations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; Dail-Madsen model; golden-winged warbler; habitat quality; non-breeding season; population dynamics; recruitment; Vermivora chrysoptera; winter ecology ID CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; NONBREEDING-SEASON; BIRDS; AVAILABILITY; SEGREGATION; LIMITATION; DIVERSITY; AMERICA; MIGRANT AB 1. Identifying high-quality habitat is integral to effective species conservation efforts and requires information about habitat-specific abundance and demographics. This information is lacking for many species of conservation concern because of the inherent difficulties associated with implementing mark-recapture studies at large spatial scales. 2. The golden-winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera is a Neotropical-Nearctic migratory bird experiencing a long-term population decline; yet no information about non-breeding season habitat quality or habitat selection exists to inform conservation efforts. We used a novel hierarchical model that requires only spatially and temporally replicated count data to estimate habitat-specific abundance, apparent survival, recruitment and detection probability of golden-winged warblers wintering in Costa Rica. We quantified habitat selection at the home-range level using radiotelemetry. 3. Golden-winged warblers were absent from tropical dry forest and were most abundant in pre-montane evergreen forest. Within their home ranges, golden-winged warblers selected microhabitat features associated with intermediate disturbance that reflected their preference for foraging in hanging dead leaves. 4. Consistent with other evidence of a declining population, local population size decreased over the duration of the study. The rate of decrease was higher during the non-breeding season than among seasons. We found no differences in apparent survival or recruitment among habitat types; however, our estimates of these parameters were imprecise. 5. Synthesis and applications. Golden-winged warblers are forest-dependent species during the non-breeding season and have specialized microhabitat requirements that make them vulnerable to ongoing tropical deforestation. However, advanced secondary forests can provide the requisite microhabitat features, and because we found no evidence of reduced survival in this habitat type, regenerating forest on degraded lands may be an effective component of a conservation strategy for this species. Our study also demonstrates that information on population dynamics and habitat quality can be obtained using repeated counts instead of mark-recapture methods. C1 [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM rchandler@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU US Forest Service FX We thank the members of the Cooperativa Montes de Oro as well as Victor Julio Arce Chavez, Arley Morales, Raul Raudales and Richard Trubey of the Mesoamerican Development Institute for their assistance with site selection, accommodation and travel. Many farmers in the study area graciously permitted us to work on their property. The Trejos, Gonzalez, Marin, Zunega, Fonseca and Salas families were especially generous. Carly Chandler was instrumental in the design and implementation of the field research. Seth Beaudreault, Carlos Orlando Delgado, Marcos Gonzalez, Johel Aguero, Jared Wolfe, Nicole Hazlet, Adam Anderson, Jeff Wells and Jeff Ritterson were excellent field assistants. Curtice Griffin, Peter Houlihan and John Rappole provided helpful guidance during the preparation of the manuscript. Javier Guevara of the Costa RicanMinistry of Environment and Energy provided us with necessary permits. Funding came from a Migratory Bird Conservation Act grant and from the US Forest Service's International Programs. Two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1047 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02001.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100025 ER PT J AU Huang, XY Xin, JW Zhao, JW AF Huang, Xingyi Xin, Junwei Zhao, Jiewen TI A novel technique for rapid evaluation of fish freshness using colorimetric sensor array SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fish; Freshness; Colorimetric sensor array; Detection ID ELECTRONIC NOSE; SARDINES; SYSTEM AB An olfaction system based on colorimetric sensor array was developed for fish freshness evaluation. Nine chemically responsive dyes were selected according to their sensitivity to volatile compounds typically occurring during spoilage in fish. The colorimetric sensor array was made by printing selected dyes on a reverse phase silica gel plate. Detection on fish of chub was made every 24 h within seven days. A color change profile for each sample was obtained by differentiating the images of the sensor array before and after exposure to the odor of sample. The digital data representing the color change profiles for the fish samples were analyzed using principal component analysis. The chub samples were classified into three freshness groups using a radial basis function neural network, with an overall classification accuracy of 87.5%. This research suggests that the system is useful for quality evaluation of fish and perhaps other food containing high protein. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Xingyi; Xin, Junwei; Zhao, Jiewen] Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xingyi] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Huang, XY (reprint author), Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China. EM h_xingyi@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071549]; Ministry of Education of China [20093227110007]; Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [201003008-04]; Jiangsu Qing Lan Project FX This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31071549), the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (Project No. 20093227110007), and Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201003008-04) and Jiangsu Qing Lan Project. NR 24 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 105 IS 4 BP 632 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.03.034 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 781FB UT WOS:000291914900007 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Browning, M Leighty, RM AF Tooley, Paul W. Browning, Marsha Leighty, Robert M. TI Infectivity and Sporulation of Phytophthora ramorum on Northern Red Oak and Chestnut Oak SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ramorum blight; chlamydospore; epidemiology ID FOREST; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; DEATH; RHODODENDRON; PATHOGEN; INOCULUM AB We evaluated the effect of moisture period on foliar disease development by Phytophthora ramorum on 2- to 3-year-old northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and chestnut oak (Q. prinus). We also determined the propensity of P. ramorum to form sporangia and chlamydospores on these two host species. Leaves were dip-inoculated with ca. 5000 sporangia/ml of P. ramorum isolate Pr-6 and incubated at 100% relative humidity in dew chambers in darkness for up to 6 days. Several plants were removed each day to a greenhouse, and foliar infection was evaluated on day 7. Sporangia were collected over a 7-day period from diseased foliage in a mist tent. A significant relationship between moisture period and disease incidence was found for both tree species. Chestnut oak exhibited significantly greater disease incidence and severity compared with northern red oak. However, sporulation levels were larger in northern red oak over the 7-day period of sporangia collection, and northern red oak also produced significantly greater numbers of sporangia per square centimetre of lesion area compared with chestnut oak. Chlamydospore production in diseased leaves sampled 1 month following moist incubation was also significantly greater for northern red oak compared with chestnut oak. Knowledge of P. ramorum sporulation capacity in relation to disease incidence and severity on Eastern US oak species will help determine the potential for epidemic development should the pathogen become established in this region. C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Browning, Marsha] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Leighty, Robert M.] NCI, Data Management Serv, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 159 IS 7-8 BP 516 EP 521 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01797.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 786XG UT WOS:000292340600008 ER PT J AU Breksa, AP Kahn, T Zukas, AA Hidalgo, MB Yuen, ML AF Breksa, Andrew P., III Kahn, Tracy Zukas, Audrius A. Hidalgo, Marlene B. Yuen, Michelle Lee TI Limonoid content of sour orange varieties SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Citrus; sour orange; aurantium; limonoid; limonoid glucosides ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CITRUS JUICES; ADRENERGIC AMINES; FRUIT-GROWTH; GLUCOSIDES; AURANTIUM; 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; SYNEPHRINE; FLAVONOIDS AB BACKGROUND: Modern Citrus cultivars are thought to have arisen from three parents: the pummelo, the mandarin, and citron. Taxological and genetic data support that sweet and sour oranges share a common parentage. However, as their name suggests, the organoleptic properties of the fruit from these two families is distinctly different. Analysis of the limonoid content of sour orange varieties has been limited. RESULTS: Juice samples prepared from a selection of sour orange cultivars were evaluated for their limonoid A-ring lactone, aglycone, and glucoside contents. Limonoate A-ring lactone concentrations ranged from 11.1 to 44. 9 mg L-1, whereas nomilinoate A-ring lactone levels were found not to exceed 1.2 mg L-1. Total limonoid aglycone and total limonoid glucoside concentrations varied from 2.4 to 18.4 mg L-1 and from 149.0 to 612.3 mg L-1, respectively. Limonoid glucoside profiling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry suggest that the sour oranges are distinctly different from sweet oranges and other citrus species. CONCLUSION: Limonoid aglycone and A-ring contents across sweet and sour oranges are similar, whereas limonoid glucoside profiles are distinctly different. Juice prepared from Citrus maderaspatana had the highest limonoid concentrations among the samples tested and could potentially be used for the isolation of limonoid A-ring lactones and glucosides. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Breksa, Andrew P., III; Zukas, Audrius A.; Hidalgo, Marlene B.; Yuen, Michelle Lee] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kahn, Tracy] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM andrew.breksa@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1789 EP 1794 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4383 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 780SP UT WOS:000291879600010 PM 21681758 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Coetzee, MPA Hoffmeister, D AF Baumgartner, Kendra Coetzee, Martin P. A. Hoffmeister, Dirk TI Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; DNA-SEQUENCE COMPARISONS; MELLEA-SENSU-STRICTO; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; ROOT-ROT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; GASTRODIA-ELATA; IN-VITRO; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AB Armillaria root disease affects fruit and nut crops, timber trees and ornamentals in boreal, temperate and tropical regions of the world. The causal pathogens are members of the genus Armillaria (Basidiomycota, Physalacriaceae). This review summarizes the state of knowledge and highlights recent advances in Armillaria research. Taxonomy: Armillaria includes more than 40 morphological species. However, the identification and delineation of species on the basis of morphological characters are problematic, resulting in many species being undetected. Implementation of the biological species' concept and DNA sequence comparisons in the contemporary taxonomy of Armillaria have led to the discovery of a number of new species that are not linked to described morphological species. Host range: Armillaria exhibits a range of symbioses with both plants and fungi. As plant pathogens, Armillaria species have broad host ranges, infecting mostly woody species. Armillaria can also colonize orchids Galeola and Gastrodia but, in this case, the fungus is the host and the plant is the parasite. Similar to its contrasting relationships with plants, Armillaria acts as either host or parasite in its interactions with other fungi. Disease control: Recent research on post-infection controls has revealed promising alternatives to the former pre-plant eradication attempts with soil fumigants, which are now being regulated more heavily or banned outright because of their negative effects on the environment. New study tools for genetic manipulation of the pathogen and characterization of the molecular basis of the host response will greatly advance the development of resistant rootstocks in a new stage of research. The depth of the research, regardless of whether traditional or genomic approaches are used, will depend on a clear understanding of where the different propagules of Armillaria attack a root system, which of the pathogen's diverse biolymer-degrading enzymes and secondary metabolites facilitate infection, and how the course of infection differs between resistant and susceptible hosts. C1 [Baumgartner, Kendra] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Coetzee, Martin P. A.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Genet Forestry & Agr Biotechnol FABI, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Hoffmeister, Dirk] Univ Jena, Dept Pharmaceut Biol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu RI Coetzee, Martin/B-1732-2008 OI Coetzee, Martin/0000-0001-7848-4111 NR 218 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 515 EP 534 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2010.00693.X PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 786LL UT WOS:000292309700001 PM 21722292 ER PT J AU Motilal, LA Zhang, DP Umaharan, P Mischke, S Pinney, S Meinhardt, LW AF Motilal, Lambert A. Zhang, Dapeng Umaharan, Pathmanathan Mischke, Sue Pinney, Stephen Meinhardt, Lyndel W. TI Microsatellite fingerprinting in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad: accession and plot homogeneity information for germplasm management SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article DE field genebank; mislabelling; simple sequence repeat; Theobroma cacao; tree identity; verification ID THEOBROMA-CACAO L.; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; COLLECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB The International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, is the largest field genebank collection of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in the public domain and the correct identity of each tree is crucial for germplasm movement, evaluation and phenotypic characterization. Nine microsatellite loci were used to assess the identity of 1477 trees from 486 cacao accessions representing approximately 16.9% of the trees and 29.2% of the accessions within the genebank. Heterogeneous plots (plots containing more than one genotype group) averaged 25.1% in The International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, with maximal admixture (32.6%) being recorded in Field 5B. The error rate did not differ significantly among different fields. Mislabeling error could be affected by accession grouping with an average error rate of 27.4% for accession groups in the genebank. Synonymous accessions were estimated to account for 14.4% of the field genebank. The results of the present study provide essential information for the management and utilization of the germplasm collection. Single-tree genotyping of every tree in this collection is strongly recommended. C1 [Motilal, Lambert A.; Umaharan, Pathmanathan] Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinidad, Trinid & Tobago. [Zhang, Dapeng; Mischke, Sue; Pinney, Stephen; Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI,SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Motilal, LA (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinidad, Trinid & Tobago. EM lamotilal@yahoo.com FU Government of Trinidad; Tobago Research Development Fund FX Thanks to Ms. Alisha Omar-Ali for assisting with DNA extractions. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for critiquing the manuscript. The research was made possible in part by a grant from the Government of Trinidad and Tobago Research Development Fund. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1479-2621 J9 PLANT GENET RESOUR-C JI Plant Genet. Resour.-Charact. Util. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 9 IS 3 BP 430 EP 438 DI 10.1017/S147926211100058X PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 784XY UT WOS:000292193200008 ER PT J AU Arias, RS Ray, JD Mengistu, A Scheffler, BE AF Arias, R. S. Ray, J. D. Mengistu, A. Scheffler, B. E. TI Discriminating microsatellites from Macrophomina phaseolina and their potential association to biological functions SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE charcoal rot; copper sensitivity; field crops; genetic markers; in vitro mycelial growth; molecular fingerprinting; simple-sequence-repeat ID FUNGUS NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA; COACTIVATOR PROTEIN P100; CHARCOAL ROT PATHOGEN; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; COPPER RESISTANCE; BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE; MARKERS; PCR; HETEROZYGOSITY; POLYMERASE AB One hundred and eighty-two microsatellites or simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) markers for Macrophomina phaseolina were developed. These were tested on 24 isolates of M. phaseolina obtained from seven plant species, and the genetic variation of isolates was studied in relation to potential biological processes that could be affected in this fungus. A total of 120 SSR markers were polymorphic, amplifying >90% of the 24 isolates tested. Thirty percent of the markers showed multiple alleles on individual samples. A large number of markers showed unique alleles in isolates collected from pumpkin and snap bean. DNA sequences corresponding to 43 markers had significant hits on BLASTx and/or BLAST2GO, and the polymorphism of 36 of those markers showed specific allele patterns for one or more plant host origin of the isolates. Additional tests on growth rate and copper resistance of the isolates identified markers that could be related to those traits. In addition, 27 markers were monomorphic and amplified all 24 isolates. Whereas polymorphic markers can be used for population genetics studies of M. phaseolina, the group of 27 monomorphic markers could help in the fast identification of this species in clinical specimens. The SSR markers developed here will enrich the limited molecular marker resource in M. phaseolina and could be used as the basis for more in-depth studies of the host-pathogen interactions of M. phaseolina. C1 [Arias, R. S.; Scheffler, B. E.] ARS, USDA, MSA Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ray, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Mengistu, A.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Arias, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, MSA Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM renee.arias@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USDA-ARS [6402-21220-010-00D, 6401-21220-001-00D, 6402-21310-003-00]; United Soybean Board [8245] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS project numbers 6402-21220-010-00D, 6401-21220-001-00D and 6402-21310-003-00. Additional support was provided by United Soybean Board project number 8245. We thank Ms Xiaofen (Fanny) Liu for library sequencing and Ms Sheron A. Simpson for testing the SSR markers. Any library/sequence information requirements can be addressed to Dr Brian E. Scheffler at brian.scheffler@ars.usda.gov. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-0862 EI 1365-3059 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 60 IS 4 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02421.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 786LW UT WOS:000292310900013 ER PT J AU Twizeyimana, M Ojiambo, PS Haudenshield, JS Caetano-Anolles, G Pedley, KF Bandyopadhyay, R Hartman, GL AF Twizeyimana, M. Ojiambo, P. S. Haudenshield, J. S. Caetano-Anolles, G. Pedley, K. F. Bandyopadhyay, R. Hartman, G. L. TI Genetic structure and diversity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates from soyabean SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; population biology; soyabean; soyabean rust; SSR genotype; virulence phenotype ID F-SP-TRITICI; STRIIFORMIS F.SP TRITICI; P-MEIBOMIAE; RUST FUNGUS; SP AVENAE; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; DISEASE; EVOLUTION AB Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to classify 116 isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the cause of soyabean rust, collected from infected soyabean leaves in four agroecological zones in Nigeria. A high degree of genetic variation was observed within the sampled populations of P. pachyrhizi. Eighty-four distinct genotypes were identified among three of the four agroecological zones. Nei's average genetic diversity across geographical regions was 0.22. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance showed low genetic differentiation among all populations of P. pachyrhizi. The majority (> 90%) of the genetic diversity was distributed within each soyabean field, while approximately 6% of the genetic diversity was distributed among fields within geographic regions. Low population differentiation was indicated by the low F(ST) values among populations, suggesting a wide dispersal of identical genotypes on a regional scale. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a strictly clonal structure of the populations and five main groups were observed, with group II accounting for 30% of the entire population. Because of the asexual reproduction of P. pachyrhizi, single-step mutations in SSR genotypes are likely to account for the genetic differences within each group. C1 [Twizeyimana, M.; Caetano-Anolles, G.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ojiambo, P. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Haudenshield, J. S.; Hartman, G. L.] ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pedley, K. F.] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Bandyopadhyay, R.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Twizeyimana, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu OI Twizeyimana, Mathias/0000-0003-2173-6693 FU United States Agency for International Development; USDA-ARS; United Soybean Board FX This research was funded in part by the United States Agency for International Development, as a linkage grant to IITA and USDA-ARS, and by the United Soybean Board. We would like to thank R. Frederick for his critical review of an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 60 IS 4 BP 719 EP 729 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02428.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 786LW UT WOS:000292310900014 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Calkin, DE Finney, MA Ager, AA Gilbertson-Day, JW AF Thompson, Matthew P. Calkin, David E. Finney, Mark A. Ager, Alan A. Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. TI Integrated national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to human and ecological values SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire risk assessment; Fire simulation; Non-market values ID FIRE RISK; FUEL-MANAGEMENT; EXPERT-JUDGMENT; WILDLAND FIRE; MODEL; SPREAD; UNCERTAINTY; LANDSCAPE; FRAMEWORK; DANGER AB The spatial, temporal, and social dimensions of wildfire risk are challenging U.S. federal land management agencies to meet societal needs while maintaining the health of the lands they manage. In this paper we present a quantitative, geospatial wildfire risk assessment tool, developed in response to demands for improved risk-based decision frameworks. The methodology leverages off recent and significant advancements in wildfire simulation models and geospatial data acquisition and management. The tool is intended to facilitate monitoring trends in wildfire risk over time and to develop information useful in prioritizing fuels treatments and mitigation measures. Wildfire risk assessment requires analyzing the likelihood of wildfire by intensity level, and the magnitude of potential beneficial and negative effects to valued resources from fire at different intensity levels. This effort is designed to support strategic planning by systematically portraying how fire likelihood and intensity influence risk to social, economic, and ecological values at the national scale. We present results for the continental United States, analyze high risk areas by geographic region, and examine how risk evaluations changes under different assumptions with sensitivity analysis. We conclude by discussing further potential uses of the tool and research needs. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, David E.; Finney, Mark A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Ager, Alan A.] USDA Forest Serv, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR USA. [Gilbertson-Day, Julie W.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 51 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 761 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s00477-011-0461-0 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 782PN UT WOS:000292021700003 ER PT J AU Alkowni, R Zhang, YP Rowhani, A Uyemoto, JK Minafra, A AF Alkowni, Raed Zhang, Yun-Ping Rowhani, Adib Uyemoto, Jerry K. Minafra, Angelantonio TI Biological, molecular, and serological studies of a novel strain of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Redglobe grapevine; Closteroviridae; RT-PCR; Genome sequencing; Recombinant coat protein; Graft incompatibility ID RECOMBINANT COAT PROTEIN; BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; COMPLETE GENOME STRUCTURE; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; RT-PCR; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POLYCLONAL ANTISERUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DEGENERATE PRIMERS AB In California, a novel closterovirus was detected in "Redglobe" grapevine, associated with graft incompatibility and given a trivial name "Grapevine rootstock stem lesion associated virus (GRSLaV)." The biological properties of the putative virus were ascertained when asymptomatic yet infected Redglobe scion buds were graft-inoculated onto test plants of Cabernet Sauvignon propagated on 18 different rootstocks. It proved lethal on test plants growing on rootstocks 1616C, 5BB, 5C, 3309C, and 1103 P, whereas latent infections occurred on the remaining scion-rootstock combinations. In contrast, GLRaV-2 type (type strain) produced only typical leafroll symptoms. In a different experiment, GLRaV-2 type was successfully sap-transmitted to N. benthamiana, whereas sap transmission of GRSLaV was unsuccessful. Double-stranded RNA was extracted from infected Redglobe grapevines, cloned, sequenced, and determined a genome length of 16,527 nucleotides. Computer-assisted analysis of open-reading frames (ORFs) revealed a genome organization typical of monopartite viruses in the genus Closterovirus with nine ORFs (range 71-79% identity) with GLRaV-2 type, the closest similar virus species within the family Closteroviridae. Also the 3'-UTR of GRSLaV consisted of 223 nucleotides with an extended oligo(A) tract similar to that of GLRaV-2 type, Beet yellow stunt virus, and Beet yellows virus. Recombinant GRSLaV coat protein was expressed in E. coli, purified, and immunized a rabbit to produce polyclonal antiserum. Serological data matched the molecular data, whereby exposed plant tissue extracts of grapevines infected by both viruses (GRSLaV and GLRaV-2) reacted positively with homologous and heterologous viral antisera but not with healthy grapevine extracts in ELISA and Western blot tests. Based on the comparative sequence data and shared antigens, GRSLaV is now considered a strain of GLRaV-2 and redesignated as Grapevine leafroll associated virus-2 Redglobe (GLRaV-2RG). Primers specific for GLRaV-2RG were developed, which did not amplify GLRaV-2 type strain. When both sets of specific primers were used in assays of different grapevine collections, the incidence of the respective viruses varied considerably, e.g., 1.7 and 13.5%, respectively, for GLRaV-2RG and GLRaV-2 type. C1 [Alkowni, Raed] An Najah Natl Univ, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Nablus, Israel. [Zhang, Yun-Ping; Rowhani, Adib] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Uyemoto, Jerry K.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Minafra, Angelantonio] Ist Virol Vegetale CNR, Uos Bari, Italy. RP Alkowni, R (reprint author), An Najah Natl Univ, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Nablus, Israel. EM ralkowni@najah.edu NR 70 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s11262-011-0607-7 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 784LN UT WOS:000292158900016 PM 21487783 ER PT J AU Xu, DL Mock, R Kinard, G Li, RH AF Xu, Donglin Mock, Ray Kinard, Gary Li, Ruhui TI Molecular analysis of the complete genomic sequences of four isolates of Gooseberry vein banding associated virus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE GVBaV; Genomic sequence; Badnavirus; Plant pararetrovirus; Ribes spp ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE SEQUENCES; TUNGRO-BACILLIFORM VIRUS; YELLOW MOTTLE VIRUS; SWOLLEN SHOOT VIRUS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; PLANT PARARETROVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DIOSCOREA SPP.; BADNAVIRUS; BANANA AB The presence of Gooseberry vein banding associated virus (GVBaV), a badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae, is strongly correlated with gooseberry vein banding disease in Ribes spp. In this study, full-length genomic sequences of four GVBaV isolates from different hosts and geographic regions were determined to be 7649-7663 nucleotides. These isolates share identities of 96.4-97.3% for the complete genomic sequence, indicating low genetic diversity among them. The GVBaV genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs) on the plus strand that potentially encode proteins of 26, 16, and 216 kDa. The size and organization of GVBaV ORFs 1-3 are similar to those of most other badnaviruses. The putative amino acid sequence of GVBaV ORF 3 contained motifs that are conserved among badnavirus proteins including aspartic protease, reverse transcriptase, and ribonuclease H. The highly conserved putative plant tRNA(met)-binding site is also present in the 935-bp intergenic region of GVBaV. The identities of the genomic sequences of GVBaV and other badnaviruses range from 49.1% (Sugarcane bacilliform Mor virus) to 51.7% (Pelargonium vein banding virus, PVBV). Phylogenetic analysis using the amino acid sequence of the ORF 3 putative protein shows that GVBaV groups most closely to Dioscorea bacilliform virus, PVBV, and Taro bacilliform virus. These results confirm that GVBaV is a pararetrovirus of the genus Badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae. C1 [Xu, Donglin; Mock, Ray; Kinard, Gary; Li, Ruhui] ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ruhui.Li@ars.usda.gov OI Xu, Dongin/0000-0002-5719-2950 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s11262-011-0614-8 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 784LN UT WOS:000292158900019 PM 21533750 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Griggs, MH Ranger, CM Reding, ME Vandenberg, JD AF Castrillo, Louela A. Griggs, Michael H. Ranger, Christopher M. Reding, Michael E. Vandenberg, John D. TI Virulence of commercial strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against adult Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and impact on brood SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Xylosandrus germanus; Ambrosia beetle; Invasive insect; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium brunneum; Mycoinsecticide; Microbial control ID ETHANOL-BAITED TRAPS; AMBROSIA BEETLES; SCOLYTIDAE; ANISOPLIAE; LAURACEAE; SYMBIONT AB The ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an invasive pest with a wide host range and is a serious pest of orchards and nurseries in the eastern and midwestern US. In this study we evaluated the potential of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as control agents against this beetle. Three commercially available strains of these fungi were assayed against adult females to determine their virulence and impact on brood production. Among the three strains tested, B. bassiana Naturalis and M. brunneum F52 were more virulent than B. bassiana GHA. Mortality observed 6 days post-spray was 6.7 +/- 6.7%, 60 +/- 5.8% and 61.7 +/- 7.9% for GHA, Naturalis and F52, respectively, at the highest dosage tested (approximately 600 conidia/mm(2)). Inoculation of adult females did not affect their initial tunneling activity, but resulted in reduced numbers forming galleries and producing brood compared to controls. Broods from treated females were smaller in size, and some had up to 100% of the progeny infected. Infection was observed among all beetle life stages. These data show that the impact of inoculating adult females extends beyond their own survival and suggest that infection of offspring could also significantly affect beetle populations in the field. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castrillo, Louela A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Griggs, Michael H.; Vandenberg, John D.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Castrillo, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lac48@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.04.010 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 778BR UT WOS:000291674700005 ER PT J AU Kim, J Paik, HY Joung, H Woodhouse, LR King, JC AF Kim, Jihye Paik, Hee Young Joung, Hyojee Woodhouse, Leslie R. King, Janet C. TI Plasma Zinc But Not the Exchangeable Zinc Pool Size Differs Between Young and Older Korean Women SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zinc metabolism; Zinc status; Exchangeable zinc pool; Zinc kinetics; Age ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; DIETARY PHYTATE; FECAL PHYTATE; BODY-FAT; ABSORPTION; MEN; METABOLISM; HUMANS; MASSES; AGE AB This study was done to determine the effect of age on zinc metabolism and status among healthy Korean women. Measures of zinc metabolism and status were measured in eight young women (22-24 years) and seven elderly women (66-75 years) consuming a typical Korean diet. Oral and intravenous tracers highly enriched in (67)Zn and (70)Zn were administered simultaneously. Multiple plasma, 24-h urines, and fecal samples were collected after isotope administration. In the young women, additional plasma were collected to determine zinc kinetics using a seven-compartmental model. Exchangeable Zinc Pool (EZP) was estimated by Miller's method. Plasma zinc concentrations were higher in older women than younger women (p < 0.05). EZP and urinary zinc tended to be higher in older women than younger women. Fractional and total zinc absorption and endogenous fecal zinc losses did not differ between young and older women. A comparison of the zinc kinetics of the Korean and American women showed no differences in plasma or EZP zinc parameters. However, absorbed zinc and zinc flux to slowly turning over tissues (Q7) were lower in Korean women than that of Americans (p < 0.01) suggesting the total body zinc content of Korean women is lower than that of American women. C1 [King, Janet C.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Kim, Jihye] Daegu Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Paik, Hee Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. [Joung, Hyojee] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea. [Woodhouse, Leslie R.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM jking@chori.org FU National Research Foundation of Korea; USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center FX The study was funded by National Research Foundation of Korea and USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 142 IS 2 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s12011-010-8758-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 778WY UT WOS:000291741300002 PM 20625938 ER PT J AU Uthus, E Begaye, A Ross, S Zeng, HW AF Uthus, Eric Begaye, Adrienne Ross, Sharon Zeng, Huawei TI The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Tumor-suppressor Gene is Down-regulated by Selenium Deficiency in Caco-2 Cells and Rat Colon Mucosa SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tumor-suppressor; DNA methylation; Selenium; Se-methylselenocysteine; Caco-2 cells; Von Hippel-Lindau; Rat; DNA methylation array ID ABERRANT CRYPT FORMATION; DNA METHYLATION; DIETARY SELENIUM; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; FISHER-344 RATS; SERUM SELENIUM; CANCER; METABOLISM; RISK AB To test the hypothesis that selenium affects DNA methylation and hence gene regulation, we employed a methylation array (Panomics) in the human colonic epithelial Caco-2 cell model. The array profiles DNA methylation from promoter regions of 82 human genes. After conditioning cells to repeatedly reduced concentrations of fetal bovine serum, a serum-free culture was established. Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSC) was added at 0 (deficient Se) or 250 (control Se) nM to cells maintained in DMEM. After 7 days, cells were collected and stored at -80A degrees C until analysis; experiments were replicated three times. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased in cells grown in low SeMSC. Cells grown in 250 nM SeMSC had maximal GPx activity. Genomic DNA from cells grown in the low-SeMSC media and media containing 250 nM SeMSC was incubated with methylation-binding protein followed by isolation of methylated DNA. The methylated DNA was labeled with biotin and hybridized to the methylation array. Thus, genes with promoter methylation will produce a higher chemiluminescence signal than those genes with no promoter methylation. Of the genes profiled, the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene was most different as indicated by quantification following chemiluminescence detection demonstrating that the promoter region of VHL was hypermethylated in cells from the low-SeMSC media. To determine whether promoter methylation affected transcription, we isolated RNA from replicate samples and performed real-time RT PCR. VHL (mRNA) was down-regulated (fold change significantly < 1) in cells grown in low SeMSC compared to cells grown in 250 nM SeMSC (control; fold change = 1). We also show that (mRNA) Vhl expression is significantly reduced in mucosa from rats fed a diet deficient in Se. Our results suggest that low Se status affects DNA promoter region methylation and that this can result in down-regulation of the tumor suppressor gene VHL. C1 [Uthus, Eric; Zeng, Huawei] ARS, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Begaye, Adrienne] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Ross, Sharon] NCI, NIH, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RP Uthus, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM eric.uthus@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 142 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s12011-010-8764-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 778WY UT WOS:000291741300012 PM 20632125 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Svejcar, TJ AF Boyd, C. S. Svejcar, T. J. TI The influence of plant removal on succession in Wyoming big sagebrush SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Annual grasses; Artemisia tridentata; Disturbance; Native perennial bunchgrasses; Restoration; Sagebrush steppe ID SAGE-GROUSE HABITAT; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NITROGEN ADDITION; SHRUB REMOVAL; OREGON; COMMUNITIES; STEPPE; MANAGEMENT; WILDFIRE; WINTER AB Restoration treatments are based on the largely untested notion that desired recovery of plant communities following disturbance wouldn't occur in the absence of active intervention. We identified rate of short-term (10 year) floristic changes following removal of plant functional groups in Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities in 1999-2005 and 2008. Treatments imposed on 6 x 6 m plots were: 1) removal of all plant functional groups, 2) perennial grass removal, 3) shrub removal and 4) control. Our data suggest recovery of the shrub component on shrub removal plots could take decades. Similarly, perennial grass cover and density on perennial grass removal plots was less than half that of unaltered plots 10 years after treatment. When all functional groups were removed, cover of annual forbs, annual grasses, and shrubs returned to unaltered levels within ten years or less. Perennial forbs were unaffected (p > 0.05) by treatment. The fact that natural recovery of some components occurred within a relatively short post-disturbance time interval (i.e. <10 years) suggests that intervention may not be necessary for some functional groups. Restoring shrubs in areas dominated by perennial grasses may require targeted reductions of competing perennial grasses. Conversely, shrub dominance may limit perennial grass re-establishment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Boyd, C. S.; Svejcar, T. J.] EOARC, USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), EOARC, USDA ARS, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM chad.boyd@oregonstate.edu NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 8 BP 734 EP 741 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.03.008 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 777MD UT WOS:000291624200008 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Calkin, DE AF Thompson, Matthew P. Calkin, Dave E. TI Uncertainty and risk in wildland fire management: A review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Uncertainty and risk; Risk assessment; Wildfire management; Decision support ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; REDUCE WILDFIRE RISK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST-FIRE; INITIAL-ATTACK; FUEL-MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONAL SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION MODEL AB Wildland fire management is subject to manifold sources of uncertainty. Beyond the unpredictability of wildfire behavior, uncertainty stems from inaccurate/missing data, limited resource value measures to guide prioritization across fires and resources at risk, and an incomplete scientific understanding of ecological response to fire, of fire behavior response to treatments, and of spatiotemporal dynamics involving disturbance regimes and climate change. This work attempts to systematically align sources of uncertainty with the most appropriate decision support methodologies, in order to facilitate cost-effective, risk-based wildfire planning efforts. We review the state of wildfire risk assessment and management, with a specific focus on uncertainties challenging implementation of integrated risk assessments that consider a suite of human and ecological values. Recent advances in wildfire simulation and geospatial mapping of highly valued resources have enabled robust risk-based analyses to inform planning across a variety of scales, although improvements are needed in fire behavior and ignition occurrence models. A key remaining challenge is a better characterization of non-market resources at risk, both in terms of their response to fire and how society values those resources. Our findings echo earlier literature identifying wildfire effects analysis and value uncertainty as the primary challenges to integrated wildfire risk assessment and wildfire management. We stress the importance of identifying and characterizing uncertainties in order to better quantify and manage them. Leveraging the most appropriate decision support tools can facilitate wildfire risk assessment and ideally improve decision-making. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, Dave E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM mpthompson02@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 FU ENRE FX Preliminary work for this manuscript was presented at the INFORMS Annual Conference, October 11-14, 2009, San Diego, CA. The primary author was the recipient of the ENRE-Forestry Best Presentation Award. Thanks to Mike Bevers, John Duffield, Alan Ager, and Mark Finney for their reviews and constructive comments. Thanks also to Garrett Meigs and Chris Dunn for help with literature review. NR 205 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 65 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1895 EP 1909 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.015 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779JT UT WOS:000291774600001 PM 21489684 ER PT J AU Feng, H Wang, XM Sun, YF Wang, XJ Chen, XM Guo, J Duan, YH Huang, LL Kang, ZS AF Feng, Hao Wang, Xiaomin Sun, Yanfei Wang, Xiaojie Chen, Xianming Guo, Jun Duan, Yinghui Huang, Lili Kang, Zhensheng TI Cloning and characterization of a calcium binding EF-hand protein gene TaCab1 from wheat and its expression in response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici and abiotic stresses SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Abiotic stress; Calcium binding EF-hand protein; Gene expression; Stripe rust; Wheat ID CA2+-BINDING PROTEIN; SALT STRESS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; ARABIDOPSIS; ACID; TRANSDUCTION; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION AB Calcium is a ubiquitous and essential secondary messenger in eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. Calcium binding protein, as a component of pathways, plays various roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as in developmental processes in plants. In this study, a calcium binding protein gene, designated as TaCab1 (Triticum aestivum calcium binding EF-hand protein 1), was isolated and characterized from wheat leaves (cv. Suwon 11) infected by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici by in silico cloning and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). TaCab1 did not have an intron and was predicted to encode a 216 amino acid protein which possesses an N-terminal region with a signal peptide, a transmembrane domain, an EF-hand motif and a caleosin domain. The results of transient assays with constructs of TaCab1 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene indicated that TaCab1 encodes a transmembrane protein. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that TaCab1 was highly expressed in leaves than roots and stems. Although up-regulated expression profiles of TaCab1 were quite similar in both incompatible and compatible interactions, its transcript accumulation in the compatible interaction was much higher than in the incompatible interaction. The transcription of TaCab1 was also up-regulated at different degrees after treated by phytohormones [abscisic acid, benzyl adenine, ethylene, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid (SA)] and stress stimuli [wounding, low temperature, polyethylene glycol and high salinity]. These results suggest that TaCab1 is involved in the plant-pathogen recognition, symptom development, and the basal tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses through the SA signaling pathway. C1 [Feng, Hao; Wang, Xiaomin; Sun, Yanfei; Wang, Xiaojie; Guo, Jun; Duan, Yinghui; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Feng, Hao; Wang, Xiaomin; Sun, Yanfei; Wang, Xiaojie; Guo, Jun; Duan, Yinghui; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30930064]; earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System; National Major Project of Breeding for New Transgenic Organisms [2008ZX08002-001, 2009ZX08009-051B]; Ministry of Education of China [B07049] FX This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30930064), the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System, the National Major Project of Breeding for New Transgenic Organisms (2008ZX08002-001 and 2009ZX08009-051B) and the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049). NR 46 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 38 IS 6 BP 3857 EP 3866 DI 10.1007/s11033-010-0501-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 777WW UT WOS:000291656800030 PM 21110112 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Thomas, RE Zuo, XQ AF Buehlmann, Urs Thomas, R. Edward Zuo, Xiaoqui TI Cost minimization through optimized raw material quality composition SO ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing (FAIM) CY 2010 CL California State Univ, Oakland, CA HO California State Univ DE Cost minimization decision support system (DSS); Cost models; Cutting stock problem; Decision making; Decision process; Manufacturing; Production planning and control; Component production ID CUTTING-STOCK PROBLEM; LUMBER GRADE-MIX; LINEAR-PROGRAMMING APPROACH; ROUGH MILL; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; VALIDATION; MINLP; MODEL; BILL AB Lumber, a heterogeneous, anisotropic material produced from sawing logs, contains a varying number of randomly dispersed, unusable areas (defects) distributed over each boards' surface area. Each board's quality is determined by the frequency and distribution of these defects and the board's dimension. Typically, the industry classifies lumber into five quality classes, ranking board quality in respect to use for the production of wooden components and its resulting material yield. Price differentials between individual lumber quality classes vary over time driven by market forces. Manufacturers using hardwood lumber can minimize their production costs by proper selection of the minimum cost lumber quality combination, an optimization problem referred to as the least-cost lumber grade-mix problem in industry parlance. However, finding the minimum cost lumber quality combination requires that lumber cut-up simulations are conducted and statistical calculations are performed. While the lumber cut-up simulation can be done on a local computing workstation, the statistical calculations require a remote station running commercial statistical software. A second order polynomial model is presented for finding the least-cost lumber grade-mix that manufacturers of wood products can use to minimize their raw material costs. Tests of the newly developed model, which has been incorporated into a user-friendly decision support system, revealed that only a limited amount of lower quality raw material (e.g. lumber with a high frequency of defects in boards and/or small board sizes) can be accepted, as otherwise the lumber quality mix cannot supply all the parts required. However, the new model suggested solutions that resulted in lower raw material costs than solutions from older models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Thomas, R. Edward] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Zuo, Xiaoqui] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5845 J9 ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF JI Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 746 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.rcim.2010.12.013 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA 775KT UT WOS:000291458900013 ER PT J AU Sheen, S Hwang, CA Juneja, VK AF Sheen, Shiowshuh Hwang, Cheng-An Juneja, Vijay K. TI Modeling the impact of chlorine on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meats SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlorine; Lag time; Growth rate; Listeria monocytogenes; Modeling ID GROWTH-RATE; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; WATER ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; SURVIVAL; PH; STRAINS; FOOD AB Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) continues to pose a food safety hazard in ready-to-eat (RTE) meats due to potential cross-contamination. Chlorine is commonly used to sanitize processing equipment and utensils. However, Lm may survive the treatment and then contaminate food products. The objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of chlorine-exposed Lm on RTE ham during refrigerated storage. A two strain cocktail of Lm serotype 4b was pre-treated with chlorine (0, 25, and 50 ppm) for one hour, and then inoculated onto the surface of RTE ham to obtain an inoculum of about 3.0 log CFU/g. The inoculated ham samples were stored at 4, 8, and 16 degrees C, and Lm was enumerated periodically during the storage. The growth characteristics (lag time and growth rate) of Lm were estimated using the DMFit software. The results indicated that Lm growth was suppressed by the chlorine treatment. At 4 degrees C, the lag time of Lm with no (0 ppm) chlorine exposure (4.2 days) was shorter than those exposed to 25 ppm (5.4 days) and 50 ppm (6.8 days). The lag time decreased with the increase of temperature, e.g., at 25 ppm, the lag times were 5.2, 3.8 and 2.6 days for 4, 8 and 16 degrees C, respectively, and increased with the increase of chlorine concentration, e.g., at 16 degrees C, the lag times were 1.2, 2.6 and 4.0 days for 0, 25 and 50 ppm, respectively. However, growth rate increased with the increase of temperature and decreased with the increase of chlorine concentration. The lag time and growth rate as a function of chlorine concentration and temperature can be described using a modified Ratkowsky model and a modified Zwietering model, respectively. The results showed that the growth of Lm on RTE ham was delayed by pre-exposure to chlorine (at <= 50 ppm). The predictive models developed will contribute to microbial risk assessments of RTE meats. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sheen, Shiowshuh] ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hwang, Cheng-An; Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sheen, S (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shiowshuh.sheen@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1100 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.01.001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 771DO UT WOS:000291137600033 PM 21569957 ER PT J AU Wallace, PK Arey, B Mahaffee, WF AF Wallace, Patricia Kay Arey, Bruce Mahaffee, Walter F. TI Subsurface examination of a foliar biofilm using scanning electron- and focused-ion-beam microscopy SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE FIB SIM; Phyllosphere ID BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; LEAF SURFACES; CELLS; MICROORGANISMS; PHYLLOSPHERE; FIB/SEM; SPROUTS; SEM AB The dual beam scanning electron microscope, equipped with both a focused ion- and scanning electron-beam (FIB SEM) is a novel tool for the exploration of the subsurface structure of biological tissues. The FIB can remove a predetermined amount of material from a selected site to allow for subsurface exploration and when coupled with SEM or scanning ion-beam microscopy (SIM) could be suitable to examine the subsurface structure of bacterial biofilms on the leaf surface. The suitability of chemical and cryofixation was examined for use with the FIB SEM to examine bacterial biofilms on leaf surfaces. The biological control agent. Burkholderia pyroccinia FP62, that rapidly colonizes the leaf surface and forms biofilms, was inoculated onto geranium leaves and incubated in a greenhouse for 7 or 14 days. Cryofixation was not suitable for examination of leaf biofilms because it created a frozen layer over the leaf surface that cracked when exposed to the electron beam and the protective cap required for FIB milling could not be accurately deposited. With chemically fixed samples, it was possible to precisely FIB mill a single cross section (5 mu m) or sequential cross sections from a single site without any damage to the surrounding surface. Biofilms, 7 days post-inoculation (DPI), were composed of 2-5 bacterial cell layers while biofilms 14 DPI ranged from 5 to greater than 30 cell layers. Empty spaces between bacteria cells in the subsurface structure were observed in biofilms 7- and 14-DPI. Sequential cross sections inferred that the empty spaces were often continuous between FP62 cells and could possibly make up a network of channels throughout the biofilm. FIB SEM was a useful tool to observe the subsurface composition of a foliar biofilm. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mahaffee, Walter F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Wallace, Patricia Kay; Mahaffee, Walter F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Arey, Bruce] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mahaffee, WF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM walt.mahaffee@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-22000-034-00] FX We thank Alice Dohnalkova (PNNL-EMSL) and Tara Neill (USDA-ARS) for advice on sample fixation for SEM. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-22000-034-00 and through the user proposal system at PNNL-EMSL, proposal number 28394 & 32301. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory-Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (PNNL-EMSL) provide the use of its electron microscopy facility. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD AUG PY 2011 VL 42 IS 6 BP 579 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2011.02.003 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 773UE UT WOS:000291335700006 PM 21482121 ER PT J AU Larose, M Heathman, GC Norton, D Smith, D AF Larose, Myriam Heathman, Gary C. Norton, Darrell Smith, Douglas TI Impacts of conservation buffers and grasslands on total phosphorus loads using hydrological modeling and remote sensing techniques SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Hydrological modeling; Object-based image analysis; Landsat-5 TM; Conservation practices; Vegetative buffers; Total phosphorus load ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SWAT MODEL; LAND-USE; SEDIMENT; PRECIPITATION; WATERSHEDS; SIMULATION; POLLUTION; LOSSES; RUNOFF AB To better assess the impacts of conservation buffers and grasslands on water quality at large spatial scales, development and integration of novel approaches are crucial to ensure that these land management practices are functioning properly and meeting their original goals. Recent developments in remote sensing technology have greatly enriched the availability of geospatial data that can be used in hydrological modeling to assess the potential hydrological response of conservation practices over larger areas. A methodology was developed using the object-based image analysis approach with Landsat-5 TM imagery of the year 2005 and thematic layers of streams to quantify conservation buffers and grasslands (OBIA-2005). The OBIA-2005 land cover data was used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydrologic model to assess the impacts of vegetative conservation practices on total phosphorus (TP) loads. The model was calibrated and validated for discharge and TP loads in the Cedar Creek Watershed (CCW) in northeast Indiana. In general model efficiency for streamflow values was within acceptable statistical ranges. While calibration of TP loads was satisfactory for the total contributing area of two nested catchments within the upper CCW. Vegetative buffers of 30.5 m and 61 m combined with conservation grasslands generated from the OBIA-2005 resulted in a large reduction of TP loads as compared to no practices. The results also showed that including conservation grassland alone reduced TP loads by less than 2%. However, the combination of these practices with the width of edge-of-field buffer strips module of the SWAT model achieved the largest TP loads reduction. These findings demonstrate that improved representation of vegetative conservation practices in geospatial land cover data sets are more effective in assessing the impacts of conservation buffers and grasslands on water quality through hydrologic modeling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heathman, Gary C.; Norton, Darrell; Smith, Douglas] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Larose, Myriam] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gary.heathman@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG PY 2011 VL 86 IS 2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2011.03.005 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 770ES UT WOS:000291070400006 ER PT J AU Lee, JM Steenwerth, KL AF Lee, Jungmin Steenwerth, Kerri L. TI Rootstock and vineyard floor management influence on 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; Napa; Tillage; Rootstock; Grape quality; VAN; Ammonia; Free amino acids; Sugar; Organic acids ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; COVER CROPS; PINOT-NOIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; JUICE COMPOSITION; AMINO-ACIDS; FERMENTATION; WINE; VOLATILE; SUPPLEMENTATION AB This is a study on the influence that two rootstocks (110R, high vigour; 420A, low vigour) and three vineyard floor management regimes (tilled resident vegetation - usual practise in California, and barley cover crops that were either mowed or tilled) had upon grape nitrogen-containing compounds (mainly ammonia and free amino acids recalculated as VAN), sugars, and organic acids in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' clone 8. A significant difference was observed for some of the free amino acids between rootstocks. In both sample preparation methods (juiced or chemically extracted), 11 OR rootstock grapes were significantly higher in SER, GLN, THR, ARG, VAL, ILE, LEU, and YAN than were 420A rootstock grapes. Differences in individual free amino acid profiles and concentrations were observed between the two sample preparations, which indicate that care should be taken when comparing values from dissimilar methods. No significant differences among vineyard floor treatments were detected, which suggests that mowing offers vineyard managers a sustainable practise, alternative to tilling, without negatively affecting grape nitrogen compounds, sugars, or organic acids. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Steenwerth, Kerri L.] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Steenwerth, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 RMI N Bldg,595 Hilgard Ln, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov; ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [5358-21000-041-00D, 5306-21220-004-00D] FX We thank Chris Rennaker (USDA-ARS) and Josh Hunt (formerly USDA-ARS) for technical assistance and Dr. David Smart for initial discussion. This project was funded by USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) CRIS number 5358-21000-041-00D and CRIS number 5306-21220-004-00D. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 127 IS 3 BP 926 EP 933 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.060 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 743VH UT WOS:000289046300006 PM 25214080 ER PT J AU Yu, JM Ahmedna, M Goktepe, I Cheng, HA Maleki, S AF Yu, Jianmei Ahmedna, Mohamed Goktepe, Ipek Cheng, Hsiaopo Maleki, Soheila TI Enzymatic treatment of peanut kernels to reduce allergen levels SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Peanut allergens; Enzymatic degradation; Blanching; Ara h 1; Ara h 2; Roasting ID IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; FOOD; ARA-H-2; QUANTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; STABILITY; RELEVANCE AB This study investigated the use of enzymatic treatment to reduce peanut allergens in peanut kernels as affected by processing conditions. Two major peanut allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, were used as indicators of process effectiveness. Enzymatic treatment effectively reduced Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in roasted peanut kernels by up to 100% under optimal conditions. For instance, treatment of roasted peanut kernels with alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin for 1-3 h significantly increased the solubility of peanut protein while reducing Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in peanut kernel extracts by 100% and 98%, respectively, based on ELISA readings. Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 levels in peanut protein extracts were inversely correlated with protein solubility in roasted peanut. Blanching of kernels enhanced the effectiveness of enzyme treatment in roasted peanuts but not in raw peanuts. The optimal concentration of enzyme was determined by response surface to be in the range of 0.1-0.2%. No consistent results were obtained for raw peanut kernels since Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 increased in peanut protein extracts under some treatment conditions and decreased in others. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahmedna, Mohamed] Ctr Excellence Post Harvest Technol, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA. [Yu, Jianmei; Goktepe, Ipek] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Greensboro, NC USA. [Cheng, Hsiaopo; Maleki, Soheila] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Ahmedna, M (reprint author), Ctr Excellence Post Harvest Technol, 500 Laureate Way,Suite 4222,N Carolina Res Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA. EM ahmedna@ncat.edu OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 FU USAID Peanut; North Carolina A&T State University FX This project was co-funded by the USAID Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) and the Agricultural Research Program (ARP) at North Carolina A&T State University. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1014 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.074 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 743VH UT WOS:000289046300017 PM 25214091 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Kahlon, T Chaudhary, S AF Kumar, S. Kahlon, T. Chaudhary, S. TI A rapid screening for adulterants in olive oil using DNA barcodes SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chloroplast DNA barcode; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Olea europaea; Brassica; Helianthus annnus ID SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRACTION; PCR AB A distinctive methodology is developed to trace out the mixing into olive oil, which is marketed every year with 20% or more fraudulent oils. Such adulteration has been difficult to differentiate using fatty acid analysis and other available current techniques, as chemically fatty acids are same regardless of their source. The total genomic DNA isolated from olive oil, contaminated with canola and sunflower was analysed for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in noncoding spacer region between psbA-trnH and partial coding region of matK of plastid genome. These DNA regions were amplified by PCR using specific primers and resulting DNA sequences were matched to the predetermined consensus DNA barcode sequences of canola and sunflower for discerning the contaminations in olive oil samples. The matching of an adulterant DNA sequence with their respective DNA barcode revealed the mixing of canola and sunflower oil into olive is simpler way and the combined approach of molecular biology and bioinformatics technology can be used as an inexpensive method for ensuring the purity of olive. This plastid based molecular DNA technology can be used for rapid detection of adulteration easily up to 5% in olive oil. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kumar, S.] Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, New Delhi 110067, India. [Kahlon, T.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chaudhary, S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, New Delhi 110067, India. EM skrhodes@icgeb.res.in; Talwinder.Kahlon@ars.usda.gov FU Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India [DB01/SHASHI/09/322]; Kunj Biotech Pvt. Ltd FX Prof. V.S Chauhan, Director ICGEB, New Delhi for providing research facilities and thanks for partial financial support from Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India (grant # DB01/SHASHI/09/322) and Kunj Biotech Pvt. Ltd for accomplishing above research work. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.094 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 743VH UT WOS:000289046300062 PM 25214135 ER PT J AU Hilker, T Coops, NC Hall, FG Nichol, CJ Lyapustin, A Black, TA Wulder, MA Leuning, R Barr, A Hollinger, DY Munger, B Tucker, CJ AF Hilker, Thomas Coops, Nicholas C. Hall, Forrest G. Nichol, Caroline J. Lyapustin, Alexei Black, T. Andrew Wulder, Michael A. Leuning, Ray Barr, Alan Hollinger, David Y. Munger, Bill Tucker, Compton J. TI Inferring terrestrial photosynthetic light use efficiency of temperate ecosystems from space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BOREAL FOREST STANDS; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; LEAF-AREA INDEX; WATER-VAPOR; MODIS; SATELLITE; MODELS AB Terrestrial ecosystems absorb about 2.8 Gt C yr(-1), which is estimated to be about a quarter of the carbon emitted from fossil fuel combustion. However, the uncertainties of this sink are large, on the order of +/- 40%, with spatial and temporal variations largely unknown. One of the largest factors contributing to the uncertainty is photosynthesis, the process by which plants absorb carbon from the atmosphere. Currently, photosynthesis, or gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), can only be inferred from flux towers by measuring the exchange of CO(2) in the surrounding air column. Consequently, carbon models suffer from a lack of spatial coverage of accurate GEP observations. Here, we show that photosynthetic light use efficiency (epsilon), hence photosynthesis, can be directly inferred from spaceborne measurements of reflectance. We demonstrate that the differential between reflectance measurements in bands associated with the vegetation xanthophyll cycle and estimates of canopy shading obtained from multiangular satellite observations (using the CHRIS/PROBA sensor) permits us to infer plant photosynthetic efficiency, independently of vegetation type and structure (r(2) = 0.68, compared to flux measurements). This is a significant advance over previous approaches seeking to model global-scale photosynthesis indirectly from a combination of growth limiting factors, most notably pressure deficit and temperature. When combined with modeled global-scale photosynthesis, satellite-inferred epsilon can improve model estimates through data assimilation. We anticipate that our findings will guide the development of new spaceborne approaches to observe vegetation carbon uptake and improve current predictions of global CO(2) budgets and future climate scenarios by providing regularly timed calibration points for modeling plant photosynthesis consistently at a global scale. C1 [Hilker, Thomas; Coops, Nicholas C.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hilker, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hall, Forrest G.; Lyapustin, Alexei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Nichol, Caroline J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wulder, Michael A.] Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Leuning, Ray] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Climate Res Branch, Saskatoon, SK 27N 3H5, Canada. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Munger, Bill] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hilker, T (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Forest Resources Management, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM thomas.hilker@nasa.gov RI Leuning, Ray/A-2793-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016 OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896 FU Canadian Carbon Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); BIOCAP; NSERC FX The ESA CHRIS/PROBA images were provided by David G. Goodenough, Ray Merton, and Mathias Kneubuhler, all principal investigators of the Evaluation and Validation of CHRIS (EVC) Project. This research is partially funded by the Canadian Carbon Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and BIOCAP, and an NSERC-Accelerator grant to N.C.C. NR 62 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 29 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G03014 DI 10.1029/2011JG001692 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 800PR UT WOS:000293375900003 ER PT J AU Braun, P Carvunis, AR Charloteaux, B Dreze, M Ecker, JR Hill, DE Roth, FP Vidal, M Galli, M Balumuri, P Bautista, V Chesnut, JD Kim, RC de los Reyes, C Gilles, P Kim, CJ Matrubutham, U Mirchandani, J Olivares, E Patnaik, S Quan, R Ramaswamy, G Shinn, P Swamilingiah, GM Wu, S Ecker, JR Dreze, M Byrdsong, D Dricot, A Duarte, M Gebreab, F Gutierrez, BJ MacWilliams, A Monachello, D Mukhtar, MS Poulin, MM Reichert, P Romero, V Tam, S Waaijers, S Weiner, EM Vidal, M Hill, DE Braun, P Galli, M Carvunis, AR Cusick, ME Dreze, M Romero, V Roth, FP Tasan, M Yazaki, J Braun, P Ecker, JR Carvunis, AR Ahn, YY Barabasi, AL Charloteaux, B Chen, HM Cusick, ME Dangl, JL Dreze, M Ecker, JR Fan, CY Gai, LT Galli, M Ghoshal, G Hao, T Hill, DE Lurin, C Milenkovic, T Moore, J Mukhtar, MS Pevzner, SJ Przulj, N Rabello, S Rietman, EA Rolland, T Roth, FP Santhanam, B Schmitz, RJ Spooner, W Stein, J Tasan, M Vandenhaute, J Ware, D Braun, P Vidal, M Braun, P Carvunis, AR Charloteaux, B Dreze, M Galli, M Vidal, M AF Braun, Pascal Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra Charloteaux, Benoit Dreze, Matija Ecker, Joseph R. Hill, David E. Roth, Frederick P. Vidal, Marc Galli, Mary Balumuri, Padmavathi Bautista, Vanessa Chesnut, Jonathan D. Kim, Rosa Cheuk de los Reyes, Chris Gilles, Patrick, II Kim, Christopher J. Matrubutham, Uday Mirchandani, Jyotika Olivares, Eric Patnaik, Suswapna Quan, Rosa Ramaswamy, Gopalakrishna Shinn, Paul Swamilingiah, Geetha M. Wu, Stacy Ecker, Joseph R. Dreze, Matija Byrdsong, Danielle Dricot, Amelie Duarte, Melissa Gebreab, Fana Gutierrez, Bryan J. MacWilliams, Andrew Monachello, Dario Mukhtar, M. Shahid Poulin, Matthew M. Reichert, Patrick Romero, Viviana Tam, Stanley Waaijers, Selma Weiner, Evan M. Vidal, Marc Hill, David E. Braun, Pascal Galli, Mary Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra Cusick, Michael E. Dreze, Matija Romero, Viviana Roth, Frederick P. Tasan, Murat Yazaki, Junshi Braun, Pascal Ecker, Joseph R. Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra Ahn, Yong-Yeol Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo Charloteaux, Benoit Chen, Huaming Cusick, Michael E. Dangl, Jeffery L. Dreze, Matija Ecker, Joseph R. Fan, Changyu Gai, Lantian Galli, Mary Ghoshal, Gourab Hao, Tong Hill, David E. Lurin, Claire Milenkovic, Tijana Moore, Jonathan Mukhtar, M. Shahid Pevzner, Samuel J. Przulj, Natasa Rabello, Sabrina Rietman, Edward A. Rolland, Thomas Roth, Frederick P. Santhanam, Balaji Schmitz, Robert J. Spooner, William Stein, Joshua Tasan, Murat Vandenhaute, Jean Ware, Doreen Braun, Pascal Vidal, Marc Braun, Pascal Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra Charloteaux, Benoit Dreze, Matija Galli, Mary Vidal, Marc CA Arabidopsis Interactome Mapping Co TI Evidence for Network Evolution in an Arabidopsis Interactome Map SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-INTERACTION NETWORKS; DUPLICATED GENES; GENOME; DIVERGENCE; EXPRESSION; PLASTICITY; BINDING; EVOLVES; PLANTS; FATE AB Plants have unique features that evolved in response to their environments and ecosystems. A full account of the complex cellular networks that underlie plant-specific functions is still missing. We describe a proteome-wide binary protein-protein interaction map for the interactome network of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana containing about 6200 highly reliable interactions between about 2700 proteins. A global organization of plant biological processes emerges from community analyses of the resulting network, together with large numbers of novel hypothetical functional links between proteins and pathways. We observe a dynamic rewiring of interactions following gene duplication events, providing evidence for a model of evolution acting upon interactome networks. This and future plant interactome maps should facilitate systems approaches to better understand plant biology and improve crops. C1 [Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra; Charloteaux, Benoit; Dricot, Amelie; Gutierrez, Bryan J.; MacWilliams, Andrew; Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra; Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo; Fan, Changyu; Santhanam, Balaji] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol CCSB, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra; Dricot, Amelie; MacWilliams, Andrew; Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra; Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra; Dricot, Amelie; MacWilliams, Andrew; Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra] CNRS, Computat & Math Biol Grp, UMR5525, F-38706 La Tronche, France. [Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra] Univ Grenoble, Fac Med, F-38706 La Tronche, France. [Charloteaux, Benoit] Univ Liege, GIGA R, Unit Anim Genom, B-4000 Liege, Wallonia Brusse, Belgium. [Charloteaux, Benoit] Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, B-4000 Liege, Wallonia Brusse, Belgium. [Dreze, Matija; Vandenhaute, Jean] Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Unite Rech Biol Mol, B-5000 Namur, Wallonia Brusse, Belgium. [Ecker, Joseph R.; de los Reyes, Chris; Kim, Christopher J.; Chen, Huaming] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genom Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ecker, Joseph R.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Plant Biol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Balumuri, Padmavathi; Chesnut, Jonathan D.; Gilles, Patrick, II; Matrubutham, Uday; Mirchandani, Jyotika; Olivares, Eric; Patnaik, Suswapna; Ramaswamy, Gopalakrishna; Swamilingiah, Geetha M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Balumuri, Padmavathi; Chesnut, Jonathan D.; Gilles, Patrick, II; Matrubutham, Uday; Mirchandani, Jyotika; Olivares, Eric; Patnaik, Suswapna; Ramaswamy, Gopalakrishna; Swamilingiah, Geetha M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ahn, Yong-Yeol; Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo; Ghoshal, Gourab; Rabello, Sabrina] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Complex Network Res CCNR, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mukhtar, M. Shahid; Dangl, Jeffery L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Monachello, Dario; Lurin, Claire] Univ Evry Val Essonne, Unite Rech Genom Vegetale, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Mixtes Rech,ERL Ctr Natl Rech Sci, F-91057 Evry, France. [Milenkovic, Tijana] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Moore, Jonathan] Univ Warwick, Warwick Syst Biol Ctr, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Pevzner, Samuel J.] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Pevzner, Samuel J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Przulj, Natasa] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Comp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Spooner, William; Stein, Joshua; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Spooner, William] Eagle Genom Ltd, Cambridge CB4 1JD, England. [Ware, Doreen] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vidal, M (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol CCSB, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ecker@salk.edu; david_hill@dfci.harvard.edu; marc_vidal@dfci.harvard.edu; pascal_braun@dfci.harvard.edu RI Yazaki, Junshi/B-1557-2012; Hill, David/B-6617-2011; Moore, Jonathan/D-1796-2013; Ecker, Joseph/B-9144-2008; Roth, Frederick/H-6308-2011; Braun, Pascal/B-9669-2013; OI Moore, Jonathan/0000-0002-5486-0407; Ecker, Joseph/0000-0001-5799-5895; Braun, Pascal/0000-0003-2012-6746; , /0000-0001-7002-8488 FU NSF [0703905, 0520253, 0313578, 0703908]; National Human Genome Research Institute [R01HG001715]; Canada Excellence Research Chairs Program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Fellowship; James S. McDonnell Foundation [220020084]; Sixth Framework Programme [LSHG-CT-2006-037704]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM066025]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [1907-21000-030]; NIH [F32HG004098, F32HG004830]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [F005806] FX We thank P. Benfey, H. Yu, M. Nordborg, P. Ronald, M Snyder, and R. Wing as well as members of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Systems Biology, for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the following grants: NSF 0703905 to M. V., J.R.E., and D. E. H.; National Human Genome Research Institute R01HG001715 to M. V., D. E. H., and F. P. R.; NSF 0520253 and NSF 0313578 to J.R.E.; Canada Excellence Research Chairs Program and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Fellowship to F. P. R.; James S. McDonnell Foundation 220020084 to A.-L. B; Sixth Framework Programme LSHG-CT-2006-037704 (AGRON-OMICS) to C. L.; National Institute of General Medical Sciences R01GM066025 to J.L.D.; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 1907-21000-030 to D. W.; NIH National Research Service Award fellowships F32HG004098 to M. T. and F32HG004830 to R.J.S.; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant F005806 to Jim Beynon in support of J.M.; and NSF 0703908 to D. W. in support of J.S. and W. S. M. V. is a Chercheur Qualifie Honoraire from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Wallonia- Brussels Federation, Belgium). Data reported here are available at the Web site http://interactome.dfci.harvard.edu/A_thaliana NR 42 TC 289 Z9 667 U1 10 U2 156 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 29 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6042 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1126/science.1203877 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 798PI UT WOS:000293222400054 ER PT J AU Diaz, A Fergany, M Formisano, G Ziarsolo, P Blanca, J Fei, ZJ Staub, JE Zalapa, JE Cuevas, HE Dace, G Oliver, M Boissot, N Dogimont, C Pitrat, M Hofstede, R van Koert, P Harel-Beja, R Tzuri, G Portnoy, V Cohen, S Schaffer, A Katzir, N Xu, Y Zhang, HY Fukino, N Matsumoto, S Garcia-Mas, J Monforte, AJ AF Diaz, Aurora Fergany, Mohamed Formisano, Gelsomina Ziarsolo, Peio Blanca, Jose Fei, Zhanjun Staub, Jack E. Zalapa, Juan E. Cuevas, Hugo E. Dace, Gayle Oliver, Marc Boissot, Nathalie Dogimont, Catherine Pitrat, Michel Hofstede, Rene van Koert, Paul Harel-Beja, Rotem Tzuri, Galil Portnoy, Vitaly Cohen, Shahar Schaffer, Arthur Katzir, Nurit Xu, Yong Zhang, Haiying Fukino, Nobuko Matsumoto, Satoru Garcia-Mas, Jordi Monforte, Antonio J. TI A consensus linkage map for molecular markers and Quantitative Trait Loci associated with economically important traits in melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRUIT-QUALITY TRAITS; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; HIGH-DENSITY; BETA-CAROTENE; GENETIC-MAP; CONSTRUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; PLANTS; QTLS AB Background: A number of molecular marker linkage maps have been developed for melon (Cucumis melo L.) over the last two decades. However, these maps were constructed using different marker sets, thus, making comparative analysis among maps difficult. In order to solve this problem, a consensus genetic map in melon was constructed using primarily highly transferable anchor markers that have broad potential use for mapping, synteny, and comparative quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, increasing breeding effectiveness and efficiency via marker-assisted selection (MAS). Results: Under the framework of the International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative (ICuGI, http://www.icugi.org), an integrated genetic map has been constructed by merging data from eight independent mapping experiments using a genetically diverse array of parental lines. The consensus map spans 1150 cM across the 12 melon linkage groups and is composed of 1592 markers (640 SSRs, 330 SNPs, 252 AFLPs, 239 RFLPs, 89 RAPDs, 15 IMAs, 16 indels and 11 morphological traits) with a mean marker density of 0.72 cM/marker. One hundred and ninety-six of these markers (157 SSRs, 32 SNPs, 6 indels and 1 RAPD) were newly developed, mapped or provided by industry representatives as released markers, including 27 SNPs and 5 indels from genes involved in the organic acid metabolism and transport, and 58 EST-SSRs. Additionally, 85 of 822 SSR markers contributed by Syngenta Seeds were included in the integrated map. In addition, 370 QTL controlling 62 traits from 18 previously reported mapping experiments using genetically diverse parental genotypes were also integrated into the consensus map. Some QTL associated with economically important traits detected in separate studies mapped to similar genomic positions. For example, independently identified QTL controlling fruit shape were mapped on similar genomic positions, suggesting that such QTL are possibly responsible for the phenotypic variability observed for this trait in a broad array of melon germplasm. Conclusions: Even though relatively unsaturated genetic maps in a diverse set of melon market types have been published, the integrated saturated map presented herein should be considered the initial reference map for melon. Most of the mapped markers contained in the reference map are polymorphic in diverse collection of germplasm, and thus are potentially transferrable to a broad array of genetic experimentation (e.g., integration of physical and genetic maps, colinearity analysis, map-based gene cloning, epistasis dissection, and marker-assisted selection). C1 [Diaz, Aurora; Monforte, Antonio J.] Univ Politecn Valencia, CPI, CSIC, IBMCP, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Fergany, Mohamed; Garcia-Mas, Jordi; Monforte, Antonio J.] UAB, IRTA, CSIC, Ctr Res Agr Genom, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Formisano, Gelsomina] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Soil Plant Environm & Anim Prod Sci, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Ziarsolo, Peio; Blanca, Jose] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Conservat & Breeding Agr Biodivers, COMAV, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Fei, Zhanjun] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Staub, Jack E.; Zalapa, Juan E.; Cuevas, Hugo E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dace, Gayle] Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Oliver, Marc] Syngenta Seeds, F-31790 St Sauveur, France. [Boissot, Nathalie; Dogimont, Catherine; Pitrat, Michel] INRA, UR 1052, Unit Genet & Ameliorat Fruits & Legumes, F-84143 Montfavet, France. [Hofstede, Rene; van Koert, Paul] Keygene NV, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. [Harel-Beja, Rotem; Tzuri, Galil; Portnoy, Vitaly; Katzir, Nurit] Agr Res Org, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. [Cohen, Shahar; Schaffer, Arthur] Agr Res Org, Volcani Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Xu, Yong; Zhang, Haiying] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, NERCV, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Fukino, Nobuko; Matsumoto, Satoru] NIVTS, Tsu, Mie 5142392, Japan. [Fergany, Mohamed] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agron, Cairo, Egypt. RP Monforte, AJ (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, CPI, CSIC, IBMCP, Ed 8E C Ingeniero Fausto Elio S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM amonforte@ibmcp.upv.es RI MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/B-4784-2009; Garcia-Mas, Jordi/B-9694-2012; Ziarsolo, Pello/H-6699-2015; Blanca, Jose/H-6695-2015 OI MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/0000-0003-3461-3094; Garcia-Mas, Jordi/0000-0001-7101-9049; Ziarsolo, Pello/0000-0002-9660-1286; Blanca, Jose/0000-0002-5884-8624 FU SNC Laboratoire ASL; Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" [AGL2009-12698-C02-02]; BARD [IS-4223-09C]; United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; Israel Science Foundation [38606]; De Ruiter Seeds; Enza Zaden; Keygene; Rijk Zwaan; Sakata Seed Corporation; Semillas Fito; Syngenta Seeds; Vilmorin Clause Cie; "Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas" (CSIC-Spain); CRAG; Chinese funds [2008-Z42(3), 5100001, 2010AA101907] FX This work was supported in part by SNC Laboratoire ASL, Ruiter Seeds B.V., Enza Zaden B.V., Gautier Semences S.A., Nunhems B.V., Rijk Zwaan B.V., Sakata Seed Inc, Semillas Fito S. A., Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc, Syngenta Seeds B. V., Takii and Company Ltd, Vilmorin & Cie S. A., and Zeraim Gedera Ltd (all of them as part of the support to the ICuGI); the grants AGL2009-12698-C02-02 from the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" to AJM. NK lab was supported in part by Research Grant Award No. IS-4223-09C from BARD, the United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, and in part by Israel Science Foundation Grant No. 38606, De Ruiter Seeds, Enza Zaden, Keygene, Rijk Zwaan, Sakata Seed Corporation, Semillas Fito, Syngenta Seeds and Vilmorin Clause & Cie. AD was supported by a JAE-Doc contract from "Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas" (CSIC-Spain). MF was supported by a postdoctoral contract from CRAG. The research carried out at YX's laboratory was supported by Chinese funds (Grant No. 2008-Z42(3), 5100001, 2010AA101907). NR 48 TC 67 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 75 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 111 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-11-111 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814GE UT WOS:000294435300001 PM 21797998 ER PT J AU Mack, MC Bret-Harte, MS Hollingsworth, TN Jandt, RR Schuur, EAG Shaver, GR Verbyla, DL AF Mack, Michelle C. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Hollingsworth, Teresa N. Jandt, Randi R. Schuur, Edward A. G. Shaver, Gaius R. Verbyla, David L. TI Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; BOREAL FOREST; ALASKA; FIRE; VEGETATION; SOILS; CYCLE; VULNERABILITY; DISTURBANCE AB Arctic tundra soils store large amounts of carbon (C) in organic soil layers hundreds to thousands of years old that insulate, and in some cases maintain, permafrost soils(1,2). Fire has been largely absent from most of this biome since the early Holocene epoch(3), but its frequency and extent are increasing, probably in response to climate warming(4). The effect of fires on the C balance of tundra landscapes, however, remains largely unknown. The Anaktuvuk River fire in 2007 burned 1,039 square kilometres of Alaska's Arctic slope, making it the largest fire on record for the tundra biome and doubling the cumulative area burned since 1950 (ref. 5). Here we report that tundra ecosystems lost 2,016 +/- 435 g C m(-2) in the fire, an amount two orders of magnitude larger than annual net C exchange in undisturbed tundra(6). Sixty per cent of this C loss was from soil organic matter, and radiocarbon dating of residual soil layers revealed that the maximum age of soil C lost was 50 years. Scaled to the entire burned area, the fire released approximately 2.1 teragrams of C to the atmosphere, an amount similar in magnitude to the annual net C sink for the entire Arctic tundra biome averaged over the last quarter of the twentieth century(7). The magnitude of ecosystem C lost by fire, relative to both ecosystem and biome-scale fluxes, demonstrates that a climate-driven increase in tundra fire disturbance may represent a positive feedback, potentially offsetting Arctic greening(8) and influencing the net C balance of the tundra biome. C1 [Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, PNW Res Stn USDA Forest Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jandt, Randi R.] Bur Land Management, Alaska Fire Serv, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. [Shaver, Gaius R.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Verbyla, David L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Mack, MC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, POB 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mcmack@ufl.edu RI Jandt, Randi/E-9018-2013 FU US NSF Division of Environmental Biology; Division of Biological Infrastructure and Office of Polar Programs; US National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; US Bureau of Land Management Alaska Fire Service and Arctic Field Office FX We thank J. Ahgook Jr, L. Boby, M. Cahill, E. Miya, E. Miller, J. Oyler, C. Roberts, E. Suronen, C. Wachs, C. Wasykowski and D. Yokel for their contributions to fieldwork, C. Apodaca, G. Blohm, E. Brown, G. Crummer and D. Nossov for their contributions to laboratory work and sample analyses, H. Alexander for contributing to data analyses, and P. Ray for insights into tussock morphology. This research was supported by the US NSF Division of Environmental Biology, the Division of Biological Infrastructure and Office of Polar Programs, by the US National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and by the US Bureau of Land Management Alaska Fire Service and Arctic Field Office. NR 32 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 11 U2 176 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 475 IS 7357 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1038/nature10283 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 797ZA UT WOS:000293167900038 PM 21796209 ER PT J AU Lee, AK Joung, YH Wu, XW Jung, HK Burk, CJ Sanders, LL Roh, MS Suh, JK AF Lee, Ae Kyung Joung, Young Hee Wu, Xue Wei Jung, Heoy Kyung Burk, C. John Sanders, Laurie L. Roh, Mark S. Suh, Jeung Keun TI Confirmation of hybrid origin in Arisaema (Araceae) using molecular markers SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Molecular markers; Internal transcribed spacer regions; Chloroplast genes; Cluster analysis; Sequence analysis; A triphyllum x A. dracontium AB A population of hybrids between Arisaema triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii and A. dracontium was investigated using molecular markers to document the hybrid origin. Total genomic DNA was extracted from A. triphyllum, A. dracontium, and the hybrids, and subjected to sequence analysis of various regions of intergenic spacer and genes of chloroplast or intergenic spacer and genes of nuclear ribosome for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Clustering was performed using the unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) tested by bootstrap (BS). Hybrid origin could not be easily confirmed in some regions. However, dendrograms constructed with a combined sequence analysis of A. triphyllum 26S ribosomal RNA gene [sequence identification (SI) 4671 plus A. tortuosum phytochrome C-like (phyC) gene (SI 468) were very similar to dendrograms constructed from sequences of all regions. This suggests that selecting SI 467 and SI 468 would be practical to identify hybrid origins involving two parental species. Clustering of hybrids together with the female parent in most target regions suggests that, in Arisaema, cpDNA is considered maternally inherited. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Ae Kyung; Wu, Xue Wei; Suh, Jeung Keun] Dankook Univ, Dept Environm Hort, Chungnam, South Korea. [Joung, Young Hee] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju, South Korea. [Jung, Heoy Kyung] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Instrumentat Ctr Environm Management, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Burk, C. John; Sanders, Laurie L.] Smith Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Suh, JK (reprint author), Dankook Univ, Dept Environm Hort, San 29, Chungnam, South Korea. EM suh5791@dankook.ac.kr FU Rural Development Administration, Korea [20070401-034-026-008-04-00] FX A part of this research was supported by a grant from BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Korea to Y.H. Joung (Code 20070401-034-026-008-04-00). NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 129 IS 4 BP 812 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.037 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 811SR UT WOS:000294236900043 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Campostrini, E AF Glenn, D. M. Campostrini, E. TI Girdling and summer pruning in apple increase soil respiration SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Malus domestica; Microbial respiration; Trunk girdling; Root respiration ID DRY-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH-REGULATORS; FRUIT-QUALITY; RETURN BLOOM; TREES; ROOT; TRANSPIRATION; YIELD; CARBOHYDRATE AB The root system of plants derives all its energy from photosynthate translocated from the canopy to the root system. Canopy manipulations that alter either the rate of canopy photosynthesis or the translocation of photosynthate are expected to alter dry matter partitioning to the root system. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of trunk girdling (2008 and 2009) and summer pruning (2009) on soil respiration, maximum quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II and leaf carbohydrate content. In apple trees, following trunk girdling there was increased soil respiration in association with a significant rainfall event suggesting rapid release of organic matter and subsequent microbial decomposition of the carbon. Soil respiration rates returned to baseline levels over time. Reduction in midday maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (RPSII) was increased by girdling when crop load was low and this reduction was not related to leaf carbohydrate levels. Girdling reduced leaf sucrose and sorbitol levels in both years, however, total leaf carbohydrates were not affected by girdling. Summer pruning increased soil respiration within 2 weeks of treatment in association with a significant rainfall event, also suggesting a release of organic matter and microbial decomposition of the carbon. Cultural practices that severely affect canopy sink source relationships such as girdling and summer pruning increase soil respiration, however these effects appear to be very short lived, 3-10 days, followed by recovery of the soil/root system to similar levels of soil carbon dioxide efflux. These cultural practices do not likely pose a long-term detrimental effect on root system efficiency because the effects are of short duration with apparent recovery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Glenn, D. M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Campostrini, E.] No Rio de Janeiro State Univ, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM michael.glenn@ars.usda.gov OI Campostrini, Eliemar/0000-0002-1329-1084 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 129 IS 4 BP 889 EP 893 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.04.023 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 811SR UT WOS:000294236900055 ER PT J AU Feltus, FA Saski, CA Mockaitis, K Haiminen, N Parida, L Smith, Z Ford, J Staton, ME Ficklin, SP Blackmon, BP Cheng, CH Schnell, RJ Kuhn, DN Motamayor, JC AF Feltus, Frank A. Saski, Christopher A. Mockaitis, Keithanne Haiminen, Niina Parida, Laxmi Smith, Zachary Ford, James Staton, Margaret E. Ficklin, Stephen P. Blackmon, Barbara P. Cheng, Chun-Huai Schnell, Raymond J. Kuhn, David N. Motamayor, Juan-Carlos TI Sequencing of a QTL-rich region of the Theobroma cacao genome using pooled BACs and the identification of trait specific candidate genes SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE next-generation sequencing; QTL sequencing; fungal disease resistance; chocolate ID WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; BLACK POD; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; L.; PHYTOPHTHORA; YIELD; LOCI; TOOL AB Background: BAC-based physical maps provide for sequencing across an entire genome or a selected sub-genomic region of biological interest. Such a region can be approached with next-generation whole-genome sequencing and assembly as if it were an independent small genome. Using the minimum tiling path as a guide, specific BAC clones representing the prioritized genomic interval are selected, pooled, and used to prepare a sequencing library. Results: This pooled BAC approach was taken to sequence and assemble a QTL-rich region, of similar to 3 Mbp and represented by twenty-seven BACs, on linkage group 5 of the Theobroma cacao cv. Matina 1-6 genome. Using various mixtures of read coverages from paired-end and linear 454 libraries, multiple assemblies of varied quality were generated. Quality was assessed by comparing the assembly of 454 reads with a subset of ten BACs individually sequenced and assembled using Sanger reads. A mixture of reads optimal for assembly was identified. We found, furthermore, that a quality assembly suitable for serving as a reference genome template could be obtained even with a reduced depth of sequencing coverage. Annotation of the resulting assembly revealed several genes potentially responsible for three T. cacao traits: black pod disease resistance, bean shape index, and pod weight. Conclusions: Our results, as with other pooled BAC sequencing reports, suggest that pooling portions of a minimum tiling path derived from a BAC-based physical map is an effective method to target sub-genomic regions for sequencing. While we focused on a single QTL region, other QTL regions of importance could be similarly sequenced allowing for biological discovery to take place before a high quality whole-genome assembly is completed. C1 [Feltus, Frank A.; Saski, Christopher A.; Staton, Margaret E.; Ficklin, Stephen P.; Blackmon, Barbara P.; Cheng, Chun-Huai] Clemson Univ, Clemson Univ Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Feltus, Frank A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mockaitis, Keithanne; Smith, Zachary; Ford, James] Indiana Univ, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Haiminen, Niina; Parida, Laxmi] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Schnell, Raymond J.; Kuhn, David N.; Motamayor, Juan-Carlos] ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Motamayor, Juan-Carlos] Mars Inc, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. RP Feltus, FA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson Univ Genom Inst, 51 New Cherry St, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ffeltus@clemson.edu OI Ficklin, Stephen/0000-0001-9138-6292 FU Mars, Incorporated FX This work was funded by Mars, Incorporated. The authors wish to thank Justin Choi for initial 454 data processing and Belinda Martineau for assistance with editing the manuscript. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 379 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-379 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 805SW UT WOS:000293750300001 PM 21794110 ER PT J AU Chundawat, SPS Bellesia, G Uppugundla, N Sousa, LD Gao, DH Cheh, AM Agarwal, UP Bianchetti, CM Phillips, GN Langan, P Balan, V Gnanakaran, S Dale, BE AF Chundawat, Shishir P. S. Bellesia, Giovanni Uppugundla, Nirmal Sousa, Leonardo da Costa Gao, Dahai Cheh, Albert M. Agarwal, Umesh P. Bianchetti, Christopher M. Phillips, George N., Jr. Langan, Paul Balan, Venkatesh Gnanakaran, S. Dale, Bruce E. TI Restructuring the Crystalline Cellulose Hydrogen Bond Network Enhances Its Depolymerization Rate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULE; NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; RECALCITRANT POLYSACCHARIDES; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; LIQUID WATER; I-BETA AB Conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels is partly inefficient due to the deleterious impact of cellulose crystallinity on enzymatic saccharification. We demonstrate how the synergistic activity of cellulases was enhanced by altering the hydrogen bond network within crystalline cellulose fibrils. We provide a molecular-scale explanation of these phenomena through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and enzymatic assays. Ammonia transformed the naturally occurring crystalline allomorph I-beta to IIII, which led to a decrease in the number of cellulose intrasheet hydrogen bonds and an increase in the number of intersheet hydrogen bonds. This rearrangement of the hydrogen bond network within cellulose IIII, which increased the number of solvent-exposed glucan chain hydrogen bonds with water by similar to 50%, was accompanied by enhanced saccharification rates by up to 5-fold (closest to amorphous cellulose) and 60-70% lower maximum surface-bound cellulase capacity. The enhancement in apparent cellulase activity was attributed to the "amorphous-like" nature of the cellulose IIII fibril surface that facilitated easier glucan chain extraction. Unrestricted substrate accessibility to active-site clefts of certain endocellulase families further accelerated deconstruction of cellulose IIII. Structural and dynamical features of cellulose IIII, revealed by MD simulations, gave additional insights into the role of cellulose crystal structure on fibril surface hydration that influences interfacial enzyme binding. Subtle alterations within the cellulose hydrogen bond network provide an attractive way to enhance its deconstruction and offer unique insight into the nature of cellulose recalcitrance. This approach can lead to unconventional pathways for development of novel pretreatments and engineered cellulases for cost-effective biofuels production. C1 [Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Sousa, Leonardo da Costa; Gao, Dahai; Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, Biomass Convers Res Lab, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Uppugundla, Nirmal; Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bellesia, Giovanni] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87525 USA. [Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87525 USA. [Cheh, Albert M.] American Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Cheh, Albert M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Agarwal, Umesh P.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Bianchetti, Christopher M.; Phillips, George N., Jr.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bianchetti, Christopher M.; Phillips, George N., Jr.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chundawat, SPS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Biomass Convers Res Lab, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chundawa@msu.edu; gnana@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; da Costa Sousa, Leonardo/A-1536-2016; OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Chundawat, Shishir/0000-0003-3677-6735; Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044 FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; LANL FX This work was funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). Additional funding was provided from the LANL LDRD-X98U program. Computing resources were provided by LANL institutional computing. We thank Jonathan Walton, Sandra Austin-Phillips, Alfred French, Masahisa Wada, Jennifer Macke, Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan, Ezhiylmurugan Rangasamy, and Robert Smith for their timely assistance. NR 70 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 162 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 29 BP 11163 EP 11174 DI 10.1021/ja2011115 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 800NJ UT WOS:000293367300038 PM 21661764 ER PT J AU Cochran, J Lehotay, SJ AF Cochran, Jack Lehotay, Steven J. TI The 47th Annual Florida Pesticide Residue Workshop SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cochran, Jack] Restek Corp, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Lehotay, Steven J.] Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cochran, J (reprint author), Restek Corp, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 SI SI BP 7535 EP 7535 DI 10.1021/jf2021978 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 794JS UT WOS:000292892900001 PM 21770466 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Koesukwiwat, U van der Kamp, H Mol, HGJ Leepipatpiboon, N AF Lehotay, Steven J. Koesukwiwat, Urairat van der Kamp, Henk Mol, Hans G. J. Leepipatpiboon, Natchanun TI Qualitative Aspects in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables Using Fast, Low-Pressure Gas Chromatography - Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE qualitative chemical identification; mass spectrometry; pesticide residues; analysis; low-pressure gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF); QuEChERS ID GC-MS; SPECTRAL DECONVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; QUECHERS; CONFIRMATION; EXTRACTION; FOOD AB Quantitative method validation is a well-established process to demonstrate trueness and precision of the results with a given method. However, an assessment of qualitative results is also an important need to estimate selectivity and devise criteria for chemical identification when using the method, particularly for mass spectrometric analysis. For multianalyte analysis, automatic instrument software is commonly used to make initial qualitative identifications of the target analytes by comparison of their mass spectra against a database library. Especially at low residue levels in complex matrices, manual checking of results is typically needed to correct the peak assignments and integration errors, which is very time-consuming. Low-pressure gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS) has been demonstrated to increase the speed of analysis for GC-amenable residues in various foods and provide more advantages over the traditional GC-MS approach. LP-GC-MS on a time-of-flight (ToF) instrument was used, which provided high sample throughput with <10 min analysis time. The Method had already been validated to be acceptable quantitatively for nearly 150 pesticides, and in this study of qualitative performance, 90 samples in total of strawberry, tomato, potato, orange, and lettuce extracts from the QuEChERS sample preparation approach were analyzed. The extracts were randomly spiked with different pesticides at different levels, both unknown to the analyst, in the different matrices. Automated software evaluation was compared with human assessments in terms of false-positive and -negative results. Among the 13590 possible permutations with 696 blind additions made, the automated software approach yielded 1.2% false presumptive positives with 23% false negatives, whereas the analyst achieved 0.8% false presumptive positives and 17% false negatives for the same analytical data files. False negatives frequently occurred due to challenges at the lowest concentrations, but 70% of them involved certain pesticides that degraded (e.g., captafol, folpet) or otherwise could not be detected. The false-negative rate was reduced to 5-10% if the problematic analytes were excluded. Despite its somewhat better performance in this study, the analyst approach was extremely time-consuming and would not be practical in high sample throughput applications for so many analytes in complicated matrices. C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.; Koesukwiwat, Urairat] Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Koesukwiwat, Urairat; Leepipatpiboon, Natchanun] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Chromatog & Separat Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [van der Kamp, Henk; Mol, Hans G. J.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, NL-6708 WB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [US 4273-09]; Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program [PHD0036/2550]; Chulalongkorn University; Thailand Research Fund and Commission on Higher Education, Research Grant for Mid-Career University Faculty (TRF-CHE-RES-MR) [RMUS18009] FX This work was supported by U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund Grant US 4273-09. This research was partially supported by The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (PHD0036/2550), Chulalongkorn University Graduate Scholarship to Commemorate the 72nd Anniversary of his Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, and the Thailand Research Fund and Commission on Higher Education, Research Grant for Mid-Career University Faculty (TRF-CHE-RES-MR) (RMUS18009). Mention of brand or firm names does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture above others of a similar nature not mentioned. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 SI SI BP 7544 EP 7556 DI 10.1021/jf104606j PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 794JS UT WOS:000292892900003 PM 21452898 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Wong, JW Yang, P Tech, K DiBenedetto, AL Lee, NS Hayward, DG Makovi, CM Krynitsky, AJ Banerjee, K Jao, L Dasgupta, S Smoker, MS Simonds, R Schreiber, A AF Zhang, Kai Wong, Jon W. Yang, Paul Tech, Katherine DiBenedetto, Alex L. Lee, Nathaniel S. Hayward, Douglas G. Makovi, Carolyn M. Krynitsky, Alexander J. Banerjee, Kaushik Jao, Lillian Dasgupta, Soma Smoker, Michael S. Simonds, Roger Schreiber, Andre TI Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis of Agricultural Commodities Using Acetonitrile Salt-Out Extraction, Dispersive Solid-Phase Sample Clean-Up, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE QuEChERS; LC-MS/MS; matrix effects; identification criteria; multiresidue pesticide analysis ID MULTI-RESIDUE METHOD; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LC-MS/MS; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; CROPS; CONFIRMATION AB A multiresidue method analyzing 209 pesticides in 24 agricultural commodities has been developed and validated using the original Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) procedure and high performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization-tandem mass, spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Using solvent-only calibration standards (SOCSs) and matrix-matched calibration standards (MMCSs), it was demonstrated that a minimal concentration of 5-10 mu g/kg (part per billion, ppb) of analytes in matrix is required for the consistent identification of targeted pesticides with two MRM transitions. Method performance was validated by the precision and accuracy results obtained from fortification studies at 10, 25, 100, and 500 ppb and MMCSs. The method was demonstrated to achieve an average recovery of 100 +/- 20% (n = 4) for >75% of evaluated pesticides at the low fortification level (10 ppb) and improved to >84% at the higher fortification concentrations in all 24 matrices. Matrix effects in LC-MS/MS analysis were studied by evaluating the slope ratios of calibration curves (1.0-100 ng/mL) obtained from the SOCSs and MMCSs. Principal component analysis (PCA) of LC-MS/MS and method validation data confirmed that each matrix exerts its specific effect during the sample preparation and LC-MS/MS analysis. The matrix effect is primarily dependent on the matrix type, pesticide type and concentration. Some caution is warranted when using matrix matched calibration curves for the quantitation of pesticides to alleviate concerns on matrix effects. The QuECKERS method with LC-MS/MS was used to identify and quantitate pesticides residues, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to >1000 ppb in a variety of agricultural samples, demonstrating fitness for screening and surveillance applications. C1 [Zhang, Kai; Wong, Jon W.; Hayward, Douglas G.; Makovi, Carolyn M.; Krynitsky, Alexander J.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Regulatory Sci, HFS 706, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Paul; Jao, Lillian] Ontario Minist Environm, Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada. [Tech, Katherine; DiBenedetto, Alex L.; Lee, Nathaniel S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Banerjee, Kaushik; Dasgupta, Soma] Natl Res Ctr Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India. [Smoker, Michael S.] US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Kansas City Dist Lab, HFR SW360, Lenexa, KS 66214 USA. [Simonds, Roger] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, Natl Sci Lab, Gastonia, NC 28054 USA. [Schreiber, Andre] AB Sciex, Concord, ON L4K4 V8, Canada. RP Wong, JW (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Regulatory Sci, HFS 706, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jon.wong@fda.hhs.gov NR 26 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 SI SI BP 7636 EP 7646 DI 10.1021/jf2010723 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 794JS UT WOS:000292892900012 PM 21671617 ER PT J AU Kim, H Turowski, M Anderson, WHK Young, SA Kim, Y Yokoyama, W AF Kim, Hyunsook Turowski, Maciej Anderson, W. H. Kerr Young, Scott A. Kim, Yookyung Yokoyama, Wallace TI Supplementation of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose into Yeast Leavened All-Whole Grain Barley Bread Potentiates Cholesterol-Lowering Effect SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE whole grain; barley; viscous soluble fiber; cholesterol; HMG-CoAR; CYP7A1; HPMC; hamster ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BILE-ACID SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE; SYRIAN GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; BETA-GLUCAN; OAT BRAN; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LIGHT-SCATTERING AB We investigated in Syrian Golden hamsters the biological impact and its underlying mechanism of single whole grain breads supplemented with 2-3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a semisynthetic viscous soluble dietary fiber (SDF) as a substitute for gluten. Hamsters were fed high-fat diets supplemented with 48-65% (w/w) differently ground, freeze-dried single grain breads including whole grain wheat, barley, barley supplemented with HPMC, debranned oat, and oat supplemented with HPMC which were compared to a diet containing microcrystalline cellulose (control). All single grain breads significantly lowered plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to the control. Enrichment with HPMC further lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations. Despite the reduced molecular weight of naturally occurring soluble (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan) caused by the bread-making process, whole grain barley breads downregulated hepatic expression of CYP7A1 and HMG-CoAR genes that are responsible for bile acid and cholesterol synthesis, suggesting a possible role of bioactive compounds such as short-chain fatty acids and phenolic compounds from barley bread. Barley bread enriched with HPMC downregulated expression of ABCGS gene. Taken together, it appears that distinctive modulation of synthesis and excretion of hepatic cholesterol and bile acid contributes to the cholesterol-lowering properties of whole grain barley breads and breads enriched with HPMC. These data suggests that alternative whole grain breads supplemented with HPMC may provide consumers with a staple food that can assist in cholesterol management. C1 [Kim, Hyunsook; Yokoyama, Wallace] Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Turowski, Maciej; Anderson, W. H. Kerr; Young, Scott A.] Dow Wolff Cellulos, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Kim, Yookyung] Korea Univ, Dept Home Econ Educ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 1 Shield Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hyskim@ucdavis.edu NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 SI SI BP 7672 EP 7678 DI 10.1021/jf104821b PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 794JS UT WOS:000292892900017 PM 21671634 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Ruggio, DM Horst, RL Minor, B Simon, RR Feeney, MJ Byrdwell, WC Haytowitz, DB AF Phillips, Katherine M. Ruggio, David M. Horst, Ronald L. Minor, Bart Simon, Ryan R. Feeney, Mary Jo Byrdwell, William C. Haytowitz, David B. TI Vitamin D and Sterol Composition of 10 Types of Mushrooms from Retail Suppliers in the United States SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chanterelle; crimini; enoki; maitake; morel; oyster; shiitake; white button; Agaricus bisporus; Morchella; Cantharellus; Lentinus edodes; Flammulina veluptipes; Grifola frondosa; Pleurotus ostreatus; phytosterols; brassicasterol; campesterol; ergosterol; vitamin D-2; ergocalciferol; ergost-7-enol; ergosta-5,7-dienol; ergosta-7,22-dienol; 22,23-dihydroergosterol; fungisterol; mass spectrometry; GC-FID; GC-MS; HPLC ID NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; EDIBLE MUSHROOMS; ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION; CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS; AGARICUS-BISPORUS; UV-IRRADIATION; NATIONAL FOOD; ERGOSTEROL; CANCER; WILD AB Vitamin D-2 (ergocalciferol) and sterols were analyzed in mushrooms sampled nationwide in the United States to update the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Vitamin D-2 was assayed using HPLC with [H-3]-vitamin D-3 internal standard and sterols by GC-FID mass spectrometric (MS) confirmation. Vitamin D2 was low (0.1-0.3 mu g/100 g) in Agaricus bisporus (white button, crimini, portabella) and enoki, moderate in shiitake and oyster (0.4-0.7 mu g/100 g), and high in morel, chanterelle, rnaitake (5.2-28.1 mu g/100 g) and UV-treated portabella (3.4-20.9 mu g/100 g), with significant variability among composites for some types. Ergosterol (mg/100 g) was highest in maitake and shiitake (79.2, 84.9) and lowest in morel and enoki (26.3, 35.5); the range was <10 mg/100 g among white button composites but 12-50 mg/100 g among samples of other types. All mushrooms contained ergosta-5,7-dienol (22,23-dihydroergosterol) (3.53-18.0 mg/100 g) and (except morel) ergosta-7-enol. Only morel contained brassicasterol (28.6 mg/100 g) and campesterol (1.23-4.54 mg/100 g) and no ergosta-7,22-dienol. MS was critical in distinguishing campesterol from ergosta-7,22-dienol. C1 [Phillips, Katherine M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Horst, Ronald L.] Heartland Assays Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Minor, Bart] Mushroom Council, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Simon, Ryan R.] Cantox Hlth Sci Int, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada. [Feeney, Mary Jo] Consultant Food & Agr Ind, Los Altos, CA 94024 USA. [Byrdwell, William C.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Haytowitz, David B.] ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem 0308, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X; Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Mushroom Council; USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory; Virginia Tech FX This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program, including a cooperative agreement between the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Tech, with funding contributed by the U.S. Mushroom Council. NR 49 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 SI SI BP 7841 EP 7853 DI 10.1021/jf104246z PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 794JS UT WOS:000292892900037 PM 21663327 ER PT J AU Sakaliene, O Rice, PJ Koskinen, WC Blazauskiene, G AF Sakaliene, Ona Rice, Pamela J. Koskinen, William C. Blazauskiene, Gintare TI Dissipation and Transport of Clopyralid in Soil: Effect of Application Strategies SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE clopyralid; desmedipham; soil dissipation; leaching; buckwheat ID FIELD; PERSISTENCE; FLOW AB At present there are no herbicide uses registered for broadleaf weed control in buckwheat. Clopyralid, mixed with desmedipham, was anticipated to provide early-season broadleaf weed suppression with minimal crop injury. However, field trials resulted in limited success, which brought into question the fate and availability of clopyralid for weed control. A 4-year field study was conducted in Lithuania to evaluate the dissipation of clopyralid in Haplic Luvisol sandy loam soil and the influence of application rate, application timing, and coapplication with desmedipham on its degradation and transport. Clopyralid dissipation was rapid; 50% dissipation times, in the surface 5 cm, averaged over the 4 years of the study, were <7 days. Application rate (90 versus 180 g ai ha(-1)), timing (pre-emergence versus postemergence), and coapplication with desmedipham (360 g ai ha(-1)) did not significantly influence clopyralid dissipation. Clopyralid dissipation by leaching was not a significant factor; at 7-21 days after application, <8 mu g kg(-1) was found at the 10-20 cm depth. Understanding the dissipation of herbicides and the influence of application strategies on herbicide fate will allow for informed decisions and improved efficacy of weed control. On the basis of the results of this research, weed scientists can now determine whether increased rates of clopyralid would provide sufficient residual chemical for adequate weed control without crop injury. C1 [Rice, Pamela J.; Koskinen, William C.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sakaliene, Ona] Lithuanian Inst Agr, Voke Branch, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Blazauskiene, Gintare] Minist Environm Republ Lithuania, Genetically Modified Organisms Div, Nat Protect Dept, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 SI SI BP 7891 EP 7895 DI 10.1021/jf2012503 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 794JS UT WOS:000292892900042 PM 21692509 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Truman, CC Webster, TM Bosch, DD Strickland, TC AF Potter, Thomas L. Truman, Clint C. Webster, Theodore M. Bosch, David D. Strickland, Timothy C. TI Tillage, Cover-Crop Residue Management, and Irrigation Incorporation Impact on Fomesafen Runoff SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE herbicide; cotton; glyphosate; resistance; strip-tillage; roller ID GLYPHOSATE; COTTON; GEORGIA AB Intensive glyphosate use has contributed to the evolution and occurrence of glyphosate-resistant weeds that threaten production of many crops. Sustained use of this highly valued herbicide requires rotation and/or substitution of herbicides with different modes of action. Cotton growers have shown considerable interest in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, fomesafen. Following registration for cotton in 2008, use has increased rapidly. Environmental fate data in major use areas are needed to appropriately evaluate risks. Field-based rainfall simulation was used to evaluate fomesafen runoff potential with and without irrigation incorporation in a conventional tillage system (CT) and when conservation tillage (CsT) was practiced with and without cover crop residue rolling. Without irrigation incorporation, relatively high runoff, about 5% of applied, was measured from the CT system, indicating that this compound may present a runoff risk. Runoff was reduced by >50% when the herbicide was irrigation incorporated after application or when used with a CsT system. Data indicate that these practices should be implemented whenever possible to reduce fomesafen runoff risk. Results also raised concerns about leaching and potential groundwater contamination and crop injury due to rapid washoff from cover crop residues in CsT systems. Further work is needed to address these concerns. C1 [Potter, Thomas L.; Truman, Clint C.; Bosch, David D.; Strickland, Timothy C.] ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, USDA, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Tom.Potter@ars.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 SI SI BP 7910 EP 7915 DI 10.1021/jf201731u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 794JS UT WOS:000292892900045 PM 21692513 ER PT J AU Rathbun, LC Lemay, V Smith, N AF Rathbun, Leah C. LeMay, Valerie Smith, Nick TI Diameter growth models for mixed-species stands of Coastal British Columbia including thinning and fertilization effects SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling CY OCT 06-09, 2009 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecolog Modelling DE Diameter increment; Douglas-fir; Western redcedar; Western hemlock; Random coefficients modelling approach; Box-Lucas model ID INDIVIDUAL-TREE GROWTH; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR; WESTERN HEMLOCK; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; SCOTS PINE; SHADE TOLERANCE; HEIGHT-GROWTH; PLANTATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY AB In this study, diameter growth models for three species growing in mixed-stands of Coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada, under a variety of silvicultural treatments were developed. The three species were: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn). A Box and Lucas model (1959) was initially fitted to the diameter growth series for each tree, as this model is very flexible and was based on processes reflective of the metabolic processes governing tree growth. Next, a random coefficients modelling approach (i.e., parameter prediction approach) was used to modify the estimated parameters for each species using functions of tree size and stage of development, site productivity, and inter-tree competition variables, while accounting for temporal correlation within trees. Impacts of fertilization on diameter growth were estimated by including the time since fertilization as an additional variable. Since state variables that are changed as a result of thinning were already in the model, accurate results post-thinning were obtained with no changes to the model. For the combined effects of thinning and fertilization, a two-step additive approach was used, where the state variables were changed following thinning and the diameter increment was modified for fertilization using the time since fertilization variable. Results indicated that multiple treatments sustain a change in growth for a longer time period following treatment than thinning or fertilization alone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rathbun, Leah C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [LeMay, Valerie] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Smith, Nick] Nick Smith Forest Consulting, Nanaimo, BC V9T 3Z2, Canada. RP Rathbun, LC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM lrathbun@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2234 EP 2248 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.04.004 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700008 ER PT J AU Powers, SE Ascough, JC Nelson, RG Larocque, GR AF Powers, S. E. Ascough, J. C., II Nelson, R. G. Larocque, G. R. TI Modeling water and soil quality environmental impacts associated with bioenergy crop production and biomass removal in the Midwest USA SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling CY OCT 06-09, 2009 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecolog Modelling DE Modeling; APEX model; Water and soil quality; Soil carbon; Environmental impacts; Stover removal; Switchgrass; Crop production ID CORN STOVER; APEX MODEL; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SEDIMENT YIELD; ORGANIC-CARBON; EROSION; PHOSPHORUS; SIMULATION; RUNOFF AB The removal of corn stover or production of herbaceous crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) or big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) as feedstocks for bioenergy purposes has been shown to have significant benefits from an energy and climate change perspective. There is potential, however, to adversely impact water and soil quality, especially in the United States Corn Belt where stover removal predominantly occurs and possibly in other areas with herbaceous energy crops depending upon a number of geo-climatic and economic factors. The overall goal of this research was to provide a thorough and mechanistic understanding of the relationship between stover and herbaceous crop production management practices and resulting range of impacts on soil and water quality, with a focus on eastern Iowa, USA. Comparisons of the production of herbaceous bioenergy crops to continuous corn (Zea mays L) and corn-soybean (Glycine max L) rotations on five different soils representative of the region were performed. Indices for total nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) loss to surface water and groundwater, total soil loss due to water and wind erosion, and cumulative soil carbon loss were derived to assess long-term sustainability. The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) agroecosystem model was used to quantify the sustainability indices and to generate sufficient data to provide a greater understanding of variables that affect water and soil quality than previously possible. The results clearly show the superiority of herbaceous crop production from a soil and water quality perspective. They also show, however, that compared to traditional cropping systems (e.g., corn-soybean rotations with conventional tillage), soil and water quality degradation can be reduced under certain conditions at the same time stover is removed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Powers, S. E.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Nelson, R. G.] Kansas State Univ, Ctr Sustainable Energy, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Larocque, G. R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Ascough, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2430 EP 2447 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.02.024 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700022 ER PT J AU Larocque, GR Mailly, D Yue, TX Anand, M Peng, C Kazanci, C Etterson, M Goethals, P Jorgensen, SE Schramski, JR McIntire, EJB Marceau, DJ Chen, B Chen, GQ Yang, ZF Novotna, B Luckai, N Bhatti, JS Liu, J Munson, A Gordon, AM Ascough, JC AF Larocque, G. R. Mailly, D. Yue, T-X. Anand, M. Peng, C. Kazanci, C. Etterson, M. Goethals, P. Jorgensen, S. E. Schramski, J. R. McIntire, E. J. B. Marceau, D. J. Chen, B. Chen, G. Q. Yang, Z. F. Novotna, B. Luckai, N. Bhatti, J. S. Liu, J. Munson, A. Gordon, A. M. Ascough, J. C., II TI Common challenges for ecological modelling: Synthesis of facilitated discussions held at the symposia organized for the 2009 conference of the International Society for Ecological Modelling in Quebec City, Canada, (October 6-9, 2009) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling CY OCT 06-09, 2009 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecolog Modelling DE ISEM 2009; Symposia; Facilitation; Ecological models; Scientific discussions ID RIVER-BASIN; FRAMEWORK; COLLABORATION; MANAGEMENT; CARBON AB The eleven symposia organized for the 2009 conference of the International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM 2009) held in Quebec City, Canada, October 6-9, 2009, included facilitated discussion sessions following formal presentations. Each symposium focused on a specific subject, and all the subjects could be classified into three broad categories: theoretical development, population dynamics and ecosystem processes. Following discussions with the symposia organizers, which indicated that they all shared similar issues and concerns, the facilitated discussions were task-oriented around four basic questions: (1) key challenges in the research area, (2) generating and sharing new ideas, (3) improving collaboration and networking, and (4) increasing visibility to decision-makers, partners and clients. Common challenges that emerged from the symposia included the need for improved communication and collaboration among different academic disciplines, further progress in both theoretical and practical modelling approaches, and accentuation of technology transfer. Regarding the generation and sharing of new ideas, the main issue that emerged was the type of positive interactions that should be encouraged among potential collaborators. The usefulness of the Internet, particularly for the sharing of open-source software and conducting discussion forums, was highlighted for improving collaboration and networking. Several communication tools are available today, and it is important for modellers to use them more intensively. Visibility can be increased by publishing professional newsletters, maintaining informal contacts with the public, organizing educational sessions in primary and secondary schools, and developing simplified analytical frameworks and pilot studies. Specific issues raised in each symposium are also discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larocque, G. R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Mailly, D.] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. [Yue, T-X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Anand, M.] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Peng, C.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Kazanci, C.] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Dept Math, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Etterson, M.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Goethals, P.] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Jorgensen, S. E.] Univ Copenhagen, DK-3500 Vaerloese, Denmark. [Schramski, J. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn Syst & Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr 406, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McIntire, E. J. B.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Marceau, D. J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Schulich Sch Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Chen, B.; Yang, Z. F.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Chen, G. Q.] Peking Univ, Natl Lab Turbulence & Complex Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Novotna, B.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Soils & Crops Res & Dev Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 2J3, Canada. [Luckai, N.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Bhatti, J. S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Liu, J.] SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Munson, A.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Gordon, A. M.] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ascough, J. C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Larocque, GR (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380, Stn Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM Guy.Larocque@NRCan.gc.ca RI McIntire, Eliot/F-7995-2011; Chen, Bin/A-6951-2012; Chen, G. Q./B-5407-2012; Peng, Changhui/G-8248-2012 OI McIntire, Eliot/0000-0002-6914-8316; Chen, Bin/0000-0002-5488-6850; Chen, G. Q./0000-0003-1173-6796; NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2456 EP 2468 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.017 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700024 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA Kartal, NS Arango, RA Green, F AF Clausen, Carol A. Kartal, Nami S. Arango, Rachel A. Green, Frederick, III TI The role of particle size of particulate nano-zinc oxide wood preservatives on termite mortality and leach resistance (vol 6, pg 427, 2011) SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Clausen, Carol A.; Arango, Rachel A.; Green, Frederick, III] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kartal, Nami S.] Istanbul Univ, Dept Forest Biol & Wood Protect Technol, Fac Forestry, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7573 J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 6 AR 465 DI 10.1186/1556-276X-6-465 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 801DE UT WOS:000293415800001 PM 21781300 ER PT J AU Urban, LE McCrory, MA Dallal, GE Das, SK Saltzman, E Weber, JL Roberts, SB AF Urban, Lorien E. McCrory, Megan A. Dallal, Gerard E. Das, Sai Krupa Saltzman, Edward Weber, Judith L. Roberts, Susan B. TI Accuracy of Stated Energy Contents of Restaurant Foods SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT-LOSS; US ADULTS; OBESITY; CONSUMPTION; TRENDS; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; AMERICA; CHOICES; REGAIN AB Context National recommendations for the prevention and treatment of obesity emphasize reducing energy intake. Foods purchased in restaurants provide approximately 35% of the daily energy intake in US individuals but the accuracy of the energy contents listed for these foods is unknown. Objective To examine the accuracy of stated energy contents of foods purchased in restaurants. Design and Setting A validated bomb calorimetry technique was used to measure dietary energy in food from 42 restaurants, comprising 269 total food items and 242 unique foods. The restaurants and foods were randomly selected from quick-serve and sit-down restaurants in Massachusetts, Arkansas, and Indiana between January and June 2010. Main Outcome Measure The difference between restaurant-stated and laboratory-measured energy contents, which were corrected for standard metabolizable energy conversion factors. Results The absolute stated energy contents were not significantly different from the absolute measured energy contents overall (difference of 10 kcal/portion; 95% confidence interval [CI], -15 to 34 kcal/portion; P =. 52); however, the stated energy contents of individual foods were variable relative to the measured energy contents. Of the 269 food items, 50 (19%) contained measured energy contents of at least 100 kcal/portion more than the stated energy contents. Of the 10% of foods with the highest excess energy in the initial sampling, 13 of 17 were available for a second sampling. In the first analysis, these foods contained average measured energy contents of 289 kcal/portion (95% CI, 186 to 392 kcal/portion) more than the stated energy contents; in the second analysis, these foods contained average measured energy contents of 258 kcal/portion (95% CI, 154 to 361 kcal/portion) more than the stated energy contents (P < .001 for each vs 0 kcal/portion difference). In addition, foods with lower stated energy contents contained higher measured energy contents than stated, while foods with higher stated energy contents contained lower measured energy contents (P < .001). Conclusions Stated energy contents of restaurant foods were accurate overall. However, there was substantial inaccuracy for some individual foods, with understated energy contents for those with lower energy contents. C1 [Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McCrory, Megan A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCrory, Megan A.] Purdue Univ, Ingest Behav Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Weber, Judith L.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu FU GSK Consumer Healthcare; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014]; Tufts University; Purdue University; Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute; Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure ported that her institution received money from GSK Consumer Healthcare to conduct investigator-initiated research on dietary macronutrient composition interactions with orlistat effects on appetite and related variables; and money was paid to her institution (Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University) for the corporate affiliates program in which interested parties, mostly food manufacturers or suppliers thereof, pay an annual fee to learn about recent research and discuss topical nutrition-related issues such as the 2010 Dietary Guidelines. No other authors reported disclosures.; This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture agreement No. 58-1950-0-014 with Tufts University, by internal department research funds from Purdue University, and by the Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute and the Arkansas Biosciences Institute. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 20 PY 2011 VL 306 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1001/jama.2011.993 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 794BS UT WOS:000292870500021 PM 21771989 ER PT J AU Tong, L Cheng, BW Liu, ZS Wang, Y AF Tong, Ling Cheng, Bowen Liu, Zengshe Wang, Yong TI Fabrication, structural characterization and sensing properties of polydiacetylene nanofibers templated from anodized aluminum oxide SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Polydiacetylene; Template fabrication; Nanofibers; Chromatic transition; Chemsensors ID POROUS ALUMINA; COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; CHROMATIC TRANSITION; SELF-POLYMERIZATION; ACID-SOLUTION; NANOTUBES; VESICLES; NANOCOMPOSITES; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; FLUORESCENCE AB Polydiacetylene (PDA), as a unique conjugated polymer, has shown its potential in the application of chem/bio-sensors and optoelectronics. In this work, we first infiltrated PDA monomer (10, 12-pentacosadiynoic acid, PCDA) melt into anodized aluminum oxide template, and then illuminated the infiltrated template with UV light to initiate the polymerization of PCDA. After etching away the aluminum oxide templates, we obtained solid poly-PCDA nanofibers. We found that even tightly confined in template pores with diameter as small as similar to 35 nm, PCDA crystals were able to be polymerized through a solid polymerization mechanism induced by UV light. Poly-PCDA nanofibers, both in the released form and embedded in the template, showed characteristic blue to red color change in sensing exposure of organic solvents and temperature increasing, and the red colored fibers possessed strong fluorescence. Moreover, poly-PCDA nanofibers were highly crystalline, and oriented favorably in some certain direction due to the confinement of nanopores, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction texture analysis and orientation distribution analysis by scanning confocal optical microscopy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tong, Ling; Wang, Yong] Nanjing Univ Technol, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Bowen] Tianjin Polytech Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Hollow Fiber Membrane Mat & Proc, Tianjin 300160, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zengshe] ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Technol, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, 5 XinMofan Rd, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. EM yongwang@njut.edu.cn RI Wang, Yong/I-4627-2012 OI Wang, Yong/0000-0002-8653-514X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21004033]; Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation [BK2009358]; State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes (Tianjin Polytechnic University) FX We are grateful to Prof. Martin Steinhart for helpful discussion and Dr Johannes Hohlbein for the scanning confocal optical microscopy measurements. Financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (21004033), Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation (BK2009358), and State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes (Tianjin Polytechnic University) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUL 20 PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2 BP 584 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2011.01.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 779JO UT WOS:000291774100021 ER PT J AU Manohar, M Shigaki, T Mei, H Park, S Marshall, J Aguilar, J Hirschi, KD AF Manohar, Murli Shigaki, Toshiro Mei, Hui Park, Sunghun Marshall, Joy Aguilar, Jonathan Hirschi, Kendal D. TI Characterization of Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ Exchanger CAX3 SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER CAX1; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CATION/H+ EXCHANGERS; TRANSPORT ACTIVITY; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; SALT TOLERANCE; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; HOMEOSTASIS; EXPRESSION AB Plant calcium (Ca2+) gradients, millimolar levels in the vacuole and micromolar levels in the cytoplasm, are regulated in part by high-capacity vacuolar cation/H+ exchangers (CAXs). Several CAX transporters, including CAX1, appear to contain an approximately 40-amino acid N-terminal regulatory region (NRR) that modulates transport through N-terminal autoinhibition. Deletion of the NRR from several CAL (sCAX) enhances function in plant and yeast expression assays; however, to date, there are no functional assays for CAX3 (or sCAX3), which is 77% identical and 91% similar in sequence to CAX1. In this report, we create a series of truncations in the CAX3 NRR and demonstrate activation of CAX3 in both yeast and plants by truncating a large portion (up to 90 amino acids) of the NRR Experiments with endomembrane-enriched vesicles isolated from yeast expressing activated CAX3 demonstrate that the gene encodes Ca2+/H+ exchange with properties distinct from those of CAX1. The phenotypes produced by activated CAX3-expressing in transgenic tobacco lines are also distinct, from those produced by sCAX1-expressing plants. These studies demonstrate shared and unique aspects of CAX1 and CAX3 transport and regulation. C1 [Manohar, Murli; Mei, Hui; Aguilar, Jonathan; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Manohar, Murli; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Shigaki, Toshiro] Papua New Guinea Natl Agr Res Inst, Bubia, Lae, Papua N Guinea. [Park, Sunghun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat Resources, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Marshall, Joy] Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Aguilar, Jonathan] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr Pregrad Educ Training, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Room 9016, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001]; National Science Foundation [90344350]; USDA-CSREES [2005-34402-17121] FX This work was supported by funding from the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6001, National Science Foundation Grant 90344350, and USDA-CSREES 2005-34402-17121, Designing Foods for Health. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 19 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 28 BP 6189 EP 6195 DI 10.1021/bi2003839 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 790VF UT WOS:000292617600004 PM 21657244 ER PT J AU Combs, GF Watts, JC Jackson, MI Johnson, LK Zeng, HW Scheett, AJ Uthus, EO Schomburg, L Hoeg, A Hoefig, CS Davis, CD Milner, JA AF Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Watts, Jennifer C. Jackson, Matthew I. Johnson, LuAnn K. Zeng, Huawei Scheett, Angela J. Uthus, Eric O. Schomburg, Lutz Hoeg, Antonia Hoefig, Carolin S. Davis, Cindy D. Milner, John A. TI Determinants of selenium status in healthy adults SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY; SELENOPROTEIN-P; CANCER PREVENTION; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; PLASMA SELENIUM; PROSTATE-CANCER; VITAMIN-E; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXPRESSION; TRIAL AB Background: Selenium (Se) status in non-deficient subjects is typically assessed by the Se contents of plasma/serum. That pool comprises two functional, specific selenoprotein components and at least one non-functional, non-specific components which respond differently to changes in Se intake. A more informative means of characterizing Se status in non-deficient individuals is needed. Methods: Multiple biomarkers of Se status (plasma Se, serum selenoprotein P [SEPP1], plasma glutathione peroxidase activity [GPX3], buccal cell Se, urinary Se) were evaluated in relation to selenoprotein genotypes (GPX1, GPX3, SEPP1, SEP15), dietary Se intake, and parameters of single-carbon metabolism in a cohort of healthy, non-Se-deficient men (n = 106) and women (n = 155). Conclusions: Plasma Se concentration was 142.0 +/- 23.5 ng/ml, with GPX3 and serum-derived SEPP1 calculated to comprise 20% and 34%, respectively, of that total. The balance, comprised of non-specific components, accounted for virtually all of the interindividual variation in total plasma Se. Buccal cell Se was associated with age and plasma homocysteine (hCys), but not plasma Se. SEPP1 showed a quadratic relationship with body mass index, peaking at BMI 25-30. Urinary Se was greater in women than men, and was associated with metabolic body weight (kg(0.75)), plasma folate, vitamin B-12 and hCys (negatively). One GPX1 genotype (679T/T) was associated with significantly lower plasma Se levels than other allelic variants. Selenium intake, estimated from food frequency questionnaires, did not predict Se status as indicated by any biomarker. These results show that genotype, methyl-group status and BMI contribute to variation in Se biomarkers in Se-adequate individuals. C1 [Combs, Gerald F., Jr.; Watts, Jennifer C.; Jackson, Matthew I.; Johnson, LuAnn K.; Zeng, Huawei; Scheett, Angela J.; Uthus, Eric O.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Schomburg, Lutz; Hoeg, Antonia; Hoefig, Carolin S.] Inst Expt Endokrinol, Berlin, Germany. [Davis, Cindy D.; Milner, John A.] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Nutr & Canc Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PD JUL 18 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 75 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-10-75 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 812CY UT WOS:000294266500001 PM 21767397 ER PT J AU Bajgain, P Richardson, BA Price, JC Cronn, RC Udall, JA AF Bajgain, Prabin Richardson, Bryce A. Price, Jared C. Cronn, Richard C. Udall, Joshua A. TI Transcriptome characterization and polymorphism detection between subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MULE DEER PREFERENCE; NARROW HYBRID ZONE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; EST-SSRS; SUBGENUS TRIDENTATAE; NATURAL-SELECTION; HUMAN GENOME; ASTERACEAE; COUMARINS; COTTON AB Background: Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) is one of the most widely distributed and ecologically important shrub species in western North America. This species serves as a critical habitat and food resource for many animals and invertebrates. Habitat loss due to a combination of disturbances followed by establishment of invasive plant species is a serious threat to big sagebrush ecosystem sustainability. Lack of genomic data has limited our understanding of the evolutionary history and ecological adaptation in this species. Here, we report on the sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in subspecies of big sagebrush. Results: cDNA of A. tridentata sspp. tridentata and vaseyana were normalized and sequenced using the 454 GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing technology. Assembly of the reads resulted in 20,357 contig consensus sequences in ssp. tridentata and 20,250 contigs in ssp. vaseyana. A BLASTx search against the non-redundant (NR) protein database using 29,541 consensus sequences obtained from a combined assembly resulted in 21,436 sequences with significant blast alignments (<= 1e(-15)). A total of 20,952 SNPs and 119 polymorphic SSRs were detected between the two subspecies. SNPs were validated through various methods including sequence capture. Validation of SNPs in different individuals uncovered a high level of nucleotide variation in EST sequences. EST sequences of a third, tetraploid subspecies (ssp. wyomingensis) obtained by Illumina sequencing were mapped to the consensus sequences of the combined 454 EST assembly. Approximately one-third of the SNPs between sspp. tridentata and vaseyana identified in the combined assembly were also polymorphic within the two geographically distant ssp. wyomingensis samples. Conclusion: We have produced a large EST dataset for Artemisia tridentata, which contains a large sample of the big sagebrush leaf transcriptome. SNP mapping among the three subspecies suggest the origin of ssp. wyomingensis via mixed ancestry. A large number of SNP and SSR markers provide the foundation for future research to address questions in big sagebrush evolution, ecological genetics, and conservation using genomic approaches. C1 [Bajgain, Prabin; Udall, Joshua A.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Richardson, Bryce A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Price, Jared C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Cronn, Richard C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Udall, JA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM jaudall@byu.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU USDA Forest Service Western Forest Transcriptome Survey [09-JV-11221632-200]; Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project (GBNPSIP) FX The funding for this work was provided by USDA Forest Service Western Forest Transcriptome Survey, National Fire Plan (research joint venture 09-JV-11221632-200) and the Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project (GBNPSIP). We sincerely thank Nancy Shaw for her help with ssp. wyomingensis seed collection; Stewart Sanderson for ploidy analyses; Edward Wilcox for his assistance with 454-pyrosequencing; Scott Yourstone and Brian Knaus for bioinformatic support; and Felix Jimenez for his assistance with polymorphism validation. We also express our thanks to E. Durant McArthur and Leigh Johnson for reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful suggestions. NR 57 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 18 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 370 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-370 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 803JL UT WOS:000293577500001 PM 21767398 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI Protective effects of veskamide, enferamide, becatamide, and oretamide on H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Veskamide; Enferamide; Becatamide; Oretamide; PC-12; Mitochondria; Caspase; Chromatin condensation; Apoptosis ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CYTOCHROME-C; DISEASE; DEATH; MECHANISMS; NEURODEGENERATION; DAMAGE AB Veskamide, enferamide, becatamide. and oretamide are phenolic amides whose analogues are found in plants. In this study, the four amides were prepared by chemical synthesis and their protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells were investigated. The syntheses were relatively simple and the yields were more than 43%. Using NMR spectroscopic methods, the chemical structures of veskamide, enferamide, becatamide, and oretamide were confirmed. The decreasing order of the protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis was becatamide > enferamide >= oretamide > veskamide. In fact, becatamide suppressed H2O2-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in a dose-dependent manner. At the concentration of 10 mu M, becatamide maintained mitochondrial membrane depolarization at 16% compared to 51% in H2O2-treated PC-12 cells (P < 0.05). Also, at the same concentration, becatamide inhibited H2O2-induced caspase-9 activation and caspase-independent chromatin condensation by 68% (P < 0.05) and 73% (P < 0.05), respectively. This is the first report about the chemical synthesis of becatamide and its potential biological activity to inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis of PC-12 cells via protecting mitochondrial membrane integrity, thereby suppressing caspase-9 activation and chromatin condensation. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Bldg 307C Rm 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jae.park@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 18 IS 10 BP 843 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.01.025 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 812FJ UT WOS:000294276200007 PM 21377855 ER PT J AU Hnasko, R Lin, A McGarvey, JA Stanker, LH AF Hnasko, Robert Lin, Alice McGarvey, Jeffery A. Stanker, Larry H. TI A rapid method to improve protein detection by indirect ELISA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ELISA; Immunoassay; Brain; Biomarkers; Glutamine synthetase; Antibody; Method ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; IMMUNOASSAY TECHNOLOGY; AMMONIA NEUROTOXICITY; GENE AB The enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) is a rapid, high-throughput, quantitative immunoassay for the selective detection of target antigens. The general principle behind an ELISA is antibody mediated capture and detection of an antigen with a measurable substrate. Numerous incarnations of the ELISA have resulted in its commercialization for sensitive diagnostic applications using a variety of detection platforms. Many of these applications require a pair of antibodies necessary for the capture and detection of a specific antigen (cELISA) in defined substrates. However, the availability of cELISA for target antigens is limited and thus restricts the use of this technique for quantitative measure of antigens during discovery. Alternatively, the indirect ELISA (iELISA) requires only a single antibody directed against a target antigen that has been immobilized to a surface. Unlike the cELISA, which uses an immobilized capture antibody that can bind a native antigen in solution followed by a detector antibody that binds captured antigen, the iELISA uses an antibody the binds directly to an immobilized antigen for detection. Although the iELISA may lack the sensitivity of a cELISA, its requirement of only a single antigen specific antibody makes it a simple technique for evaluating the relative difference in the level of target protein expression between samples. However, many antibodies that work effectively to detect protein antigens in other immunoassays such as Western blotting or immunohistochemistry fail to work in microplate based iELISA. Although these alternate immunoassay methods are useful for qualitative determination of target antigens, they provide limited quantitative information, limiting the assessment of sample specific differences in protein expression. We hypothesized that protein conformation following adsorption on the plastic surface of microplates impedes antibody epitope binding and this restriction could be overcome by a short chemical denaturation step. In this report we define a rapid method to assess the utility of an antibody for iELISA application and demonstrate a significant improvement in both qualitative and quantitative protein detection after chemical denaturation using defined assay conditions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hnasko, Robert; Lin, Alice; McGarvey, Jeffery A.; Stanker, Larry H.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hnasko, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Robert.Hnasko@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5325-32000-008-00D] FX This work was supported and administered under the USDA-ARS National Program in Animal Health (CRIS #5325-32000-008-00D). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 410 IS 4 BP 726 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.005 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 798KM UT WOS:000293204600004 PM 21679691 ER PT J AU Snider, JL Oosterhuis, DM Loka, DA Kawakami, EM AF Snider, John L. Oosterhuis, Derrick M. Loka, Dimitra A. Kawakami, Eduardo M. TI High temperature limits in vivo pollen tube growth rates by altering diurnal carbohydrate balance in field-grown Gossypium hirsutum pistils SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbohydrates; Gossypium hirsutum; High temperature; Pollen-pistil interaction; Pollen tube growth ID COOL-SEASON GRASSES; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; NADPH OXIDASE; CALCIUM; TOBACCO; THERMOTOLERANCE; GERMINATION; TOLERANCE; KINETICS; ETHYLENE AB It has recently been reported that high temperature slows in vivo pollen tube growth rates in Gossypium hirsutum pistils under field conditions. Although numerous physical and biochemical pollen-pistil interactions are necessary for in vivo pollen tube growth to occur, studies investigating the influence of heat-induced changes in pistil biochemistry on in vivo pollen tube growth rates are lacking. We hypothesized that high temperature would alter diurnal pistil biochemistry and that pollen tube growth rates would be dependent upon the soluble carbohydrate content of the pistil during pollen tube growth. G. hirsutum seeds were sown on different dates to obtain flowers exposed to contrasting ambient temperatures but at the same developmental stage. Diurnal pistil measurements included carbohydrate balance, glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.8.1.7), soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), NADPH oxidase (NOX; EC 1.6.3.1), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and water-soluble calcium. Soluble carbohydrate levels in cotton pistils were as much as 67.5% lower under high temperature conditions (34.6 degrees C maximum air temperature; August 4, 2009) than under cooler conditions (29.9 degrees C maximum air temperature; August 14,2009). Regression analysis revealed that pollen tube growth rates were highly correlated with the soluble carbohydrate content of the pistil during pollen tube growth (r(2) = 0.932). Higher ambient temperature conditions on August 4 increased GR activity in the pistil only during periods not associated with in vivo pollen tube growth: pistil protein content declined earlier in the day under high temperatures; SOD and NOX were unaffected by either sample date or time of day; pistil ATP and water soluble calcium were unaffected by the warmer temperatures. We conclude that moderate heat stress significantly alters diurnal carbohydrate balance in the pistil and suggest that pollen tube growth rate through the style may be limited by soluble carbohydrate supply in the pistil. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Snider, John L.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Oosterhuis, Derrick M.; Loka, Dimitra A.; Kawakami, Eduardo M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Snider, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM John.Snider@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors thank Cotton Incorporated and the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station for supporting this research. Additionally, we thank J. Phillips, M. Snider, and M. Quadros for their assistance in both the laboratory and the field. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 11 BP 1168 EP 1175 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.011 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 797RZ UT WOS:000293149100003 PM 21256621 ER PT J AU Zhang, XS Izaurralde, C Arnold, JG Sammons, NB Manowitz, DH Thomson, AM Williams, JR AF Zhang, Xuesong Izaurralde, R. Cesar Arnold, Jeffrey G. Sammons, Nancy B. Manowitz, David H. Thomson, Allison M. Williams, Jimmy R. TI Comment on "Modeling Miscanthus in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to Simulate Its Water Quality Effects As a Bioenergy Crop" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENERGY; GOALS; LAND C1 [Zhang, Xuesong; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; Manowitz, David H.; Thomson, Allison M.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey G.; Sammons, Nancy B.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Williams, Jimmy R.] AgriLIFE Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xuesong.Zhang@pnnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 14 BP 6211 EP 6212 DI 10.1021/es201463x PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793UU UT WOS:000292850200042 PM 21692538 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Carrihill-Knoll, KL Shukitt-Hale, B AF Rabin, Bernard M. Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Operant responding following exposure to HZE particles and its relationship to particle energy and linear energy transfer SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Behavior; Cognition; Heavy particles; Linear energy transfer; Risk analysis ID OBJECT-RECOGNITION MEMORY; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS DOPAMINE; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; FE-56 PARTICLES; RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; PREPULSE INHIBITION; BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; NEUROTOXIC LESIONS; SPACE EXPLORATION; RADIATION AB On exploratory class missions astronauts will be exposed to a variety of heavy particles (HZE particles) which differ in terms of particle energy and particle linear energy transfer. The present experiments were designed to evaluate how these physical characteristics of different particles affect cognitive performance, specifically operant responding. Following exposure to Si-28, Ti-48, C-12 and O-16 particles at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory rats were tested for their ability to respond appropriately to changes in reinforcement schedules using an operant task. The results showed that the effectiveness of different particles in disrupting cognitive performance, defined as the lowest dose that produced a performance decrement, varied as a function of the energy of the specific particle: for comparisons between different energies of the same particle (e.g., Fe-56) the effectiveness of the particle was directly proportional to particle linear energy transfer, whereas for comparisons between different particles (e.g., Fe-56 and O-16) effectiveness was inversely proportional to particle linear energy transfer. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms that influence the effectiveness of different particles and energies and in terms of their implications for analyzing the possible risks to astronauts of decrements in cognitive performance following exposure to HZE particles on long-duration exploratory class missions. (C) 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rabin, Bernard M.; Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L.] UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu FU NASA [NNX08AM66G] FX This research was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AM66G. In memory of James A. Joseph who passed away while the paper was being written. He was a valued colleague and friend. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2011.03.008 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 791MV UT WOS:000292670200019 ER PT J AU Mallory, JJ Mohtar, RH Heathman, GC Schulze, DG Braudeau, E AF Mallory, J. J. Mohtar, R. H. Heathman, G. C. Schulze, D. G. Braudeau, E. TI Evaluating the effect of tillage on soil structural properties using the pedostructure concept SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Pedostructure; Soil properties; Tillage ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WATER INFILTRATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; NO-TILLAGE; CAPACITY; POROSITY; CURVE AB The pedostructure concept characterizes a soil based upon soil structural properties to predict soil-water behavior. The goal of this work was to determine the impact of land management on the measured pedostructure parameters, the quantitative soil structural properties used for modeling soil-water behavior. Soil samples (fine, illitic, mesic, Aquic Hapludalfs and fine, illitic, mesic, Aeric Epiaqualfs) were taken in May 2007 from DeKalb County in northeastern Indiana. The ideal pedostructure parameters were extracted from the continuously measured shrinkage and potential curves from the surface and diagnostic subsurface horizons of two soil series, differing slightly in drainage characteristics, one soil under no-tillage and the other under rotational tillage. Additionally, the pedostructure parameters were estimated from measured and estimated soil physical properties. Three of the seven pedostructure parameters: W(m) (saturated micropore water content), K(bs) (micropore linear shrinkage rate), and V(o) (soil specific volume at the oven-dry state) were significantly different due to the tillage treatment, while none of the parameters exhibited any significant differences due to depth. V(o) also showed a significant interaction between tillage and depth, as the rotational tillage subsurface samples had much lower values than other combinations of tillage and depth. Overall, no-tillage exhibits a larger amount of micropores, as evidenced by the higher W(m) value, as well as a more strongly structured micropore system, as seen in the lower K(bs) compared to rotational tillage. However, no significant differences exist when estimating the pedostructure parameters from measured and estimated soil physical properties. No significant differences were found for the macropore parameters. These results are unexpected, as it was believed that the no-tillage treatment would affect the macropore, and not the micropore, parameters. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mallory, J. J.; Mohtar, R. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mohtar, R. H.] Qatar Fdn, Qatar Environm & Energy Res Inst, Doha, Qatar. [Heathman, G. C.] USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Schulze, D. G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Braudeau, E.] Inst Rech Dev, Montpellier, France. RP Mohtar, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mohtar@purdue.edu FU Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, France; Science attache office of the French consulate, Chicago, USA; Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department at Purdue University; Purdue University Multiscale Hydrology Group FX The authors would like to thank Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, France, the Science attache office of the French consulate, Chicago, USA, the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department at Purdue University, and the Purdue University Multiscale Hydrology Group for their assistance and support in this work. We also wish to express our gratitude to Mr. Scott McAfee at the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory for his assistance in the field and laboratory. Finally, to the private landowners for their permission to access the study field sites. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 163 IS 3-4 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.01.018 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 787ZJ UT WOS:000292414900001 ER PT J AU Sacco, RE Nicholson, TL Waters, TE Brockmeier, SL AF Sacco, Randy E. Nicholson, Tracy L. Waters, Theresa E. Brockmeier, Susan L. TI Porcine TLR3 characterization and expression in response to influenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Porcine; Toll-like receptor; Leucine-rich repeat; Influenza virus; Bordetella ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-3; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; A VIRUS; ACTIVATION; CELLS; RECOGNITION; INFECTION AB We have provided a detailed structural analysis of porcine alveolar macrophage TLR3 extracellular domain (ECD). The porcine TLR3-ECD contains 18 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) consisting of blocks of consensus motifs and non-consensus motifs containing insertions. Excluding the N-terminal and C-terminal LRRs, porcine TLR3 has two LRRs with insertions, resulting in one LRR of 39 amino acids and another LRR of 34 amino acids. Furthermore, we have conducted the first examination of the regulated expression of porcine alveolar macrophage TLR3 during in vivo co-infection with influenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica. There was a bi-phasic upregulation of porcine TLR3 during influenza virus infection (day 1 and day 10 post-infection). Co-infection resulted in an enhanced expression of porcine TLR3 only at day 1 post-infection. Interestingly. B. bronchiseptica induced an upregulation in alveolar macrophage TLR3 expression at day 10 post-infection. Based on our work and that of others, TLR3 likely plays a key role in the immune response of lung cells to influenza virus infection in several mammalian species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sacco, Randy E.; Nicholson, Tracy L.; Waters, Theresa E.; Brockmeier, Susan L.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM randy.sacco@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.04.008 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 789AT UT WOS:000292486400006 PM 21561668 ER PT J AU Wilson, G AF Wilson, Glenn TI Understanding soil-pipe flow and its role in ephemeral gully erosion SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE pipeflow; internal erosion; ephemeral gully; preferential flow; tunnel collapse ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW; WATER DYNAMICS; CATCHMENT; MACROPORES; HILLSLOPE; SEEPAGE; SLOPE AB The role of soil pipeflow in ephemeral gully erosion is not well understood. Experiments were conducted on continuous soil pipes to better understand the role of internal erosion of soil pipes and its relation to ephemeral gully development. Soil beds of 140 cm length, 100 cm width and 20 cm depth had a single soil pipe of different initial sizes (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm diameter) extend from a water reservoir to the outlet. Experiments were run on Providence silt loam and Smithdale loam soils under a constant head of 15 cm established for 30 min. Either the tunnel collapsed or the head could not be maintained. Soil pipes that were initially 2 and 4 mm clogged instantaneously at their mouth and did not exhibit flow, whereas, pipes initially >= 6 mm enlarged by 268, 397, and 699% on average for the 6, 8, and 10 mm diameters, respectively. Critical shear stress values were found to be essentially zero, and erodibility values gave erosion indexes that were extremely high. The rapid internal erosion resulted in erratic flow and sediment concentrations with periods of no flow as pipes were temporarily clogged followed by surges of high flow and high sediment concentrations. Tensiometers within 6 cm of the soil pipes did not exhibit pressure increases typically associated with pipe clogging. Flow through 10 mm diameter soil pipes exhibited tunnel collapse for both soils tested. Tunnel collapse typically occurred within minutes of flow establishment suggesting that ephemeral gullies could be misinterpreted as being caused by convergent surface flow if observations were made after the runoff event instead of when flow is first established through soil pipes. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Wilson, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM glenn.wilson@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2354 EP 2364 DI 10.1002/hyp.7998 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 789YP UT WOS:000292555900004 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Yakirevich, AM Shelton, DR Sadeghi, AM Goodrich, DC Unkrich, CL AF Guber, A. K. Pachepsky, Y. A. Yakirevich, A. M. Shelton, D. R. Sadeghi, A. M. Goodrich, D. C. Unkrich, C. L. TI Uncertainty in modelling of faecal coliform overland transport associated with manure application in Maryland SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; runoff; uncertainty; modelling ID SIMULATED RAINFALL EVENTS; WATER-QUALITY; MICROBIAL POLLUTION; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE-WATER; ANIMAL MANURE; RUNOFF; BACTERIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AB Concerns for microbial safety of surface water facilitate development of predictive models that estimate concentrations and total numbers of pathogen and indicator organisms leaving manure-fertilized fields in overland flow during runoff events. Spatial variability of bacterial concentrations in applied manure introduces high uncertainty in the model predictions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the uncertainty in model predictions of the manure-borne bacteria overland transport caused by limited information on the spatial distribution of bacteria in surface-applied manure. Experiments were carried out at the ARS Beltsville experimental watershed site (OPE3) in Maryland. Dairy bovine manure was applied at a 59.3 t/ha rate on the 3.55 hectare experimental field. Faecal coliform (FC) concentrations in manure measured in 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2009 varied by 4 orders of magnitude each year. Both runoff volume and FC concentrations in runoff water were monitored using a runoff flume equipped with a refrigerated pump sampler. Two runoff events occurred before the manure was incorporated into the soil. A bacteria transport add-on module simulator of transport with infiltration and runoff (STWIR) was linked with the event-based kinematic runoff and erosion model (KINEROS2) to simulate convective-dispersive overland transport, bacteria release from manure, reversible attachment-detachment to soil, and surface straining of infiltrating bacteria. The model was successfully calibrated with the field experiment data. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to account for the spatial variation in FC in applied manure and uncertainty in the FC distribution in manure caused by the small number of samples. A tenfold and twofold variation in FC concentrations in the runoff were obtained within the 90% probability interval when initial FC spatial distributions in the manure were represented by 5 and 29 samples, respectively. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Guber, A. K.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Shelton, D. R.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yakirevich, A. M.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Environm Hydrol & Microbiol, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, Jakob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Sadeghi, A. M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Goodrich, D. C.; Unkrich, C. L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 173,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Andrey.Guber@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2393 EP 2404 DI 10.1002/hyp.8003 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 789YP UT WOS:000292555900007 ER PT J AU Colon, SM Lugo, AE Gonzalez, OMR AF Colon, Sandra Molina Lugo, Ariel E. Gonzalez, Olga M. Ramos TI Novel dry forests in southwestern Puerto Rico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dry forests; New forests; Emerging forests; Novel forests; Guanica Forest; Puerto Rico; Caribbean; Succession; Old fields ID RECOVERY; PASTURES; LAND AB We report results of new research on (1) community composition of novel subtropical dry forests developing on abandoned pastures and agricultural fields in both private and protected public lands and (2) seed germination and growth rates of plantings of native tree species on degraded soils. We found that novel dry forests were dominated by introduced species, which accounted for 59 percent of the Importance Value (IV) of stands. These forests had high species dominance, with the most dominant species averaging 51 percent of the IV but reaching values as high as 92 percent. The floristic similarity between novel and mature native forests was low (5.6 percent) compared with the similarity among novel forest stands (26 percent). Collectively, the emerging novel forests had relatively high species richness (39 species/1.2 ha). After 45-60 years of growth and development, novel forests lagged mature native forests in basal area, tree density, and species richness, and lagged stands of similar age and past land use inside a protected area. Novel forest stands inside the protected Guanica Forest had higher species richness than those located outside in private lands. Most regeneration was from seed (67 percent of the new stems were single stems). The results from the germination and planting experiment show that seeds of 17 of 21 native tree species germinated in the laboratory and grew successfully in abandoned pastures when planted and watered for a period of 13 months. Our research shows that after the initial invasion and dominance of introduced species on degraded sites, the stands diversify with native species thus evolving towards new forest types with novel species combinations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lugo, Ariel E.; Gonzalez, Olga M. Ramos] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Colon, Sandra Molina] Pontif Catholic Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Ponce, PR 00717 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Ceiba St 1201, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us FU Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico; NASA [NAG5-6428] FX This work was done in collaboration with the University of Puerto Rico. The senior author was funded by the Sponsored Research Program of the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico and by a NASA IRA grant (NAG5-6428: land management in the tropics and its effects on the global environment). We thank students from Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce Campus, for their assistance during the research and G. Gonzalez, G. Reyes, R. Dirzo, H.S. Hillary, H.A. Mooney, and F.H. Wadsworth and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript. We also thank Mildred Alayon and Gisel Reyes for editorial assistance. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.020 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 785NE UT WOS:000292234900015 ER PT J AU Lucas-Borja, ME Fonseca, T Parresol, BR Silva-Santos, P Garcia-Morote, FA Tiscar-Oliver, PA AF Lucas-Borja, Manuel E. Fonseca, Teresa Parresol, Bernard R. Silva-Santos, Pedro Garcia-Morote, Francisco A. Tiscar-Oliver, Pedro A. TI Modelling Spanish black pine seedling emergence: Establishing management strategies for endangered forest areas SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Seed germination; Endangered habitats; Climate change; Adaptive management; Pinus nigra Arn. ID NATURAL REGENERATION; SITE PREPARATION; SPAIN; NIGRA; VEGETATION; PREDATION; PATTERNS; DENSITY; LITTER; L. AB Changes in climate may reduce the success of natural regeneration and hence require adjustments to silvicultural practices. Special attention is required for species such as Spanish black pine (Pinus nigra Am. ssp salzmannii) because of impediments to achieve successful natural regeneration. Spanish black pine seed germination was studied under field conditions at a normal altitude for the species and at the upper altitude limit of its distribution in the Cuenca Mountains (southeastern Spain). The aim was to assess the effect of location, overstory density, soil treatment, sowing date and climatic characteristics on regeneration success. ANOVA results indicated a significant interaction of location by overstory density on germination rates. A logistic model containing the temperature variable Tem(minAC), the light radiation effect (Rod variable) and the interaction term between soil treatment (Soil Treat) and radiation (Soil Treat x Rad) correctly predicted the germination success in 94% of cases. Moreover, two Poisson regression models (one for each experimental site) showed that the number of germinated seeds depends on stand basal area (G), soil treatment (Soil Treat) and sowing date (Seed Season). Conservation management could increase initial seedling recruitment by promoting soil preparation and higher basal area levels. The populations at higher altitudes are particularly endangered due to the unfavourable environmental conditions for the development of this species, which seriously affect seed rain density and germination rates. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucas-Borja, Manuel E.; Garcia-Morote, Francisco A.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Sch Adv Agr Engn, Dept Agroforestty Technol & Sci & Genet, Albacete 02071, Spain. [Fonseca, Teresa] Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, Dept Forest & Landscape, P-5001801 Vila Real, Portugal. [Parresol, Bernard R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Silva-Santos, Pedro] NOCTULA Modelling & Environm, P-3500733 Viseu, Portugal. [Tiscar-Oliver, Pedro A.] Consejeria Medio Ambiente, Ctr Capacitac & Experimentac Forestal, Cazorla 23470, Spain. RP Lucas-Borja, ME (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, Sch Adv Agr Engn, Dept Agroforestty Technol & Sci & Genet, Albacete 02071, Spain. EM ManuelEsteban.lucas@uclm.es RI GARCIA MOROTE, FRANCISCO ANTONIO/L-9564-2014; OI GARCIA MOROTE, FRANCISCO ANTONIO/0000-0003-2884-0338; Fidalgo Fonseca, Teresa/0000-0001-6269-3605; Lucas Borja, Manuel Esteban/0000-0001-6270-8408 FU Department of Education and Science (Castilla La Mancha Government); European Social Fund; Castilla La Mancha Education and Science Department [POII10-0112-7316, PCC08-0109]; Ministry of Science and Technology [MONTES CSD2008-00040] FX The authors thank to the Cuenca Forest Service for site access. Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja was supported by the Department of Education and Science (Castilla La Mancha Government) and European Social Fund during 2009. This contribution has been also supported by the Castilla La Mancha Education and Science Department (project codes POII10-0112-7316 and PCC08-0109, ECOFLUX II). Also by Ministry of Science and Technology under the National Plan I+D+I, CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 (project code MONTES CSD2008-00040). Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja is very grateful to Maurizio Mencuccini for his help and support during a research visit at the School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh (Scotland). In Memoriam to Prof. Antonio Del Cerro Barja, who established, guided and developed many different research projects about Spanish Black pine natural regeneration in Cuenca Mountain and also educated many forest engineers during his work at Castilla La Mancha University. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.023 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 785NE UT WOS:000292234900018 ER PT J AU Van de Water, K North, M AF Van de Water, Kip North, Malcolm TI Stand structure, fuel loads, and fire behavior in riparian and upland forests, Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA; a comparison of current and reconstructed conditions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Stand structure; Fuel load; Fire behavior; Riparian ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; OLD-GROWTH; CANOPY MICROCLIMATE; NORTHWESTERN MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRAND-CANYON AB Fire plays an important role in shaping many Sierran coniferous forests, but longer fire return intervals and reductions in area burned have altered forest conditions. Productive, mesic riparian forests can accumulate high stem densities and fuel loads, making them susceptible to high-severity fire. Fuels treatments applied to upland forests, however, are often excluded from riparian areas due to concerns about degrading streamside and aquatic habitat and water quality. Objectives of this study were to compare stand structure, fuel loads, and potential fire behavior between adjacent riparian and upland forests under current and reconstructed active-fire regime conditions. Current fuel loads, tree diameters, heights, and height to live crown were measured in 36 paired riparian and upland plots. Historic estimates of these metrics were reconstructed using equations derived from fuel accumulation rates, current tree data, and increment cores. Fire behavior variables were modeled using Forest Vegetation Simulator Fire/Fuels Extension. Riparian forests were significantly more fire prone under current than reconstructed conditions, with greater basal area (BA) (means are 87 vs. 29 m(2)/ha), stand density (635 vs. 208 stems/ha), snag volume (37 vs. 2 m(3)/ha), duff loads (69 vs. 3 Mg/ha), total fuel loads (93 vs. 28 Mg/ha), canopy bulk density (CBD) (0.12 vs. 0.04 kg/m(3)), surface flame length (0.6 vs. 0.4 m), crown flame length (0.9 vs. 0.4 m), probability of torching (0.45 vs. 0.03), predicted mortality (31% vs. 17% BA), and lower torching (20 vs. 176 km/h) and crowning indices (28 vs. 62 km/h). Upland forests were also significantly more fire prone under current than reconstructed conditions, yet changes in fuels and potential fire behavior were not as large. Under current conditions, riparian forests were significantly more fire prone than upland forests, with greater stand density (635 vs. 401 stems/ha), probability of torching (0.45 vs. 0.22), predicted mortality (31% vs. 16% BA), and lower quadratic mean diameter (46 vs. 55 cm), canopy base height (6.7 vs. 9.4 m), and frequency of fire tolerant species (13% vs. 36% BA). Reconstructed riparian and upland forests were not significantly different. Our reconstruction results suggest that historic fuels and forest structure may not have differed significantly between many riparian and upland forests, consistent with earlier research suggesting similar historic fire return intervals. Under current conditions, however, modeled severity is much greater in riparian forests, suggesting forest habitat and ecosystem function may be more severely impacted by wildfire than in upland forests. Published by Elsevier By. C1 [Van de Water, Kip; North, Malcolm] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [North, Malcolm] USFS Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Van de Water, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kipvandewater@ucdavis.edu FU Lassen National Forest; Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act; Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank Bobette Jones and Coye Burnett of the Lassen National Forest; Dave Fournier, Victor Lyon and Sue Norman of the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit; Tamara Sasaki of California State Parks; Bill Champion of Nevada State Parks; Amy Cecchettini and Tina Carlsen of the California Tahoe Conservancy; Pam Lefrancois and Kathy Long of the North Tahoe Public Utility District; and Mark Rideout of the County of Placer Property Management Division for their support in facilitating the permitting process for conducting fieldwork on their respective land ownerships. Field data collection was miraculously completed with the help of Robert Brown, Matthew Eastlick, Darcy Kato, Lea Kromschroeder, Don Stevens, Brad Comito, and the Lassen National Forest monitoring crew. Lab work was accomplished only with the assistance of Esther Cole, Lyssa Dieffendorf, Rose Kormanyos, Lea Kromschroeder and Sky Steiner. Funding for this study was provided by the Lassen National Forest, the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act, and the Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 93 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 2 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.026 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 785NE UT WOS:000292234900021 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Garcia, E Bravo, F Spies, TA AF Rodriguez-Garcia, Encarna Bravo, Felipe Spies, Thomas A. TI Effects of overstorey canopy, plant-plant interactions and soil properties on Mediterranean maritime pine seedling dynamics SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Abiotic conditions; Facilitation; Natural establishment; Plant-plant interactions; Overstorey conditions ID POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; NORTHERN PATAGONIA; TREE SEEDLINGS; FACILITATION; SHRUBS; REGENERATION; COMPETITION; HETEROGENEITY; ESTABLISHMENT; ENVIRONMENTS AB Seedling emergence, survival and early growth of the Mediterranean conifer P. pinaster were studied under closed canopy and open canopy (gaps) cover conditions in a Mediterranean forest of central Spain during two consecutive years (March 2008 to January 2010). Our main objective was to understand how overstorey structure, shrubs and soil properties influence recruitment in this species. Natural emergence and seedling survival were significantly better under closed canopy cover than under open canopy during the two consecutive years of the study; survival increased as radiation decreased. Proximity to shrubs under closed canopy cover was associated with lower mortality rates as well as a positive and apparently transitive effect on early growth. Amelioration of microclimatic conditions is hypothesized as the primary facilitation agent of those observed. Younger seedlings established during the spring of 2008 experienced higher mortality rates than older seedlings established before 2008, and soil properties affected seedling survival significantly. Water stress during summer appeared to be the main cause of seedling mortality in both years. Our study suggests that seedlings of shade-intolerant species may require overstorey cover to establish successfully, and that positive plant-plant interactions in forest communities may be more important than expected in the milder conditions provided by overstorey canopy cover. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez-Garcia, Encarna; Bravo, Felipe] Univ Valladolid, UVA INIA, ETS Ingn Agr Palencia, Dept Producc Vegetal & Recursos Forestales, Palencia 34004, Spain. [Rodriguez-Garcia, Encarna; Bravo, Felipe] Sustainable Forest Management Res Inst UVA INIA, Palencia 34004, Spain. [Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Rodriguez-Garcia, E (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, UVA INIA, ETS Ingn Agr Palencia, Dept Producc Vegetal & Recursos Forestales, Ave Madrid 44, Palencia 34004, Spain. EM enkaro@hotmail.com RI Bravo, Felipe/C-5073-2009 OI Bravo, Felipe/0000-0001-7348-6695 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AGL2001-1780, AGL2004-07094-CO2-02, AGL2007-65795]; [BES-2005-7498] FX We thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion for financial support in the framework of Projects AGL2001-1780, AGL2004-07094-CO2-02 and AGL2007-65795, and Grant BES-2005-7498. We thank the Oregon State University and the USDA. We thank the Agenda Espanola de Meteorologia (AEMET) for climatic data. We thank P. Abati and La Sociedad de las Navas del Marques. S.A. for assistance with the study site selection. We thank V. Pando and M. Huso for statistical support. We thank Andrea Blanch for the English-language editing and we thank C. Ordonez, E. Escalante, A. Sanz, S. Bogino, C. Herrero, P. Valbuena, I. Ruano, A. de Lucas, M. Gomez, J. Diez, A. Kassa and Y. Pallavicini for field assistance. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 2 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.029 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 785NE UT WOS:000292234900024 ER PT J AU Opriessnig, T Madson, DM Schalk, S Brockmeier, S Shen, HG Beach, NM Meng, XJ Baker, RB Zanella, EL Halbur, PG AF Opriessnig, T. Madson, D. M. Schalk, S. Brockmeier, S. Shen, H. G. Beach, N. M. Meng, X. J. Baker, R. B. Zanella, E. L. Halbur, P. G. TI Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination is effective in reducing disease and PCV2 shedding in semen of boars concurrently infected with PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO); Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2); Semen shedding; PCV2 vaccination; Pig ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED PIGLETS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; SYNDROME PMWS; PIGS; ANTIBODIES; DIFFERENTIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS AB The objectives were to determine whether the amount of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) shed in semen increased in boars experimentally coinfected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO), and whether PCV2 vaccination of boars prior to PCV2 exposure reduced PCV2 viremia and virus shedding in semen. Twelve specific-pathogen-free PCV2- and MHYO-naive boars were randomly and equally assigned to one of four groups. Six boars were vaccinated against PCV2 (VAC) on Day 0; three PCV2 vaccinated and three non-vaccinated boars were inoculated with MHYO on Day 21, and all boars were challenged with PCV2 on Day 35. The four treatment groups included PCV2-Infected (I), VAC-PCV2-I, MHYO-PCV2-Coinfected (CoI), and VAC-MHYO-PCV2-CoI. Semen, blood swabs, feces, and serum samples were collected weekly until Day 70. All vaccinated boars had seroconverted to PCV2 by Day 35. Between Days 28 and 35, MHYO boars developed moderate respiratory disease, characterized by coughing, respiratory distress, mucopurulent nasal discharge and loss of body condition. One MHYO-PCV2-CoI boar died on Day 50. Boars in the PCV2-I and MHYO-PCV2-CoI groups had significantly higher PCV2 DNA loads in blood swabs than the remaining boars. Moreover, PCV2 vaccination significantly reduced the incidence and amount of PCV2 shedding in semen and feces. In summary, although concurrent MHYO infection did not influence PCV2 shedding patterns, coinfection of boars with PCV2 and MHYO resulted in severe clinical disease and viral shedding was significantly decreased by PCV2 vaccination. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Opriessnig, T.; Madson, D. M.; Schalk, S.; Shen, H. G.; Baker, R. B.; Halbur, P. G.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Brockmeier, S.; Zanella, E. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Beach, N. M.; Meng, X. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zanella, E. L.] Univ Passo Fundo, Fac Agron & Med Vet, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. RP Opriessnig, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tanjaopr@iastate.edu RI Beach, Nathan/A-5461-2011; Meng, X.J./B-8769-2009; Opriessnig, Tanja/F-2984-2012 OI Meng, X.J./0000-0002-2739-1334; Opriessnig, Tanja/0000-0001-9642-0904 FU Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council FX The authors thank Paul Thomas, Dr. Paulo Arruda and Kim Driftmier for assistance with the animal work, and Dr. Barry Wiseman, Fios Therapeutics, Inc., Rochester, MN for the generous gift of pigs used. This study was funded by the Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 76 IS 2 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.014 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 783HB UT WOS:000292071000016 PM 21496897 ER PT J AU Green, BT Welch, KD Cook, D Gardner, DR AF Green, Benedict T. Welch, Kevin D. Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. TI Potentiation of the actions of acetylcholine, epibatidine, and nicotine by methyllycaconitine at fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methyllycaconitine; Delphinium; Fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; Membrane potential; Neostigmine ID LIGAND-BINDING SITES; RELATIVE TOXICITIES; ANTICHOLINESTERASES; TUBOCURARINE; PHARMACOLOGY; ENANTIOMERS; INHIBITION; ANTAGONIST; MECHANISM; POTENCIES AB Methyllycaconitine (MLA) is a norditerpenoid alkaloid found in high abundance in toxic Delphinium (larkspur) species. It is a potent and selective antagonist of alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but has not been well investigated for activity aside from receptor antagonism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MLA alone and in combination with acetylcholine, epibatidine, nicotine, and neostigmine for actions other than receptor antagonism in TE-671 cells expressing (alpha(1))(2)beta(1)gamma delta nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Ligand activity was assessed through measurements of membrane potential changes in TE-671 cells using a fluorescent membrane potential-sensitive dye and normalized to the maximum response to epibatidine (10 mu M). MLA was ineffective in changing cell membrane potential in the absence of other receptor agonists. However at nanomolar concentrations, it acted as a co-agonist to potentiate TE-671 cell responses to acetylcholine, epibatidine, nicotine, and neostigmine. These results suggest that the poisoning of cattle by norditerpenoid alkaloids found in larkspur may be more complex than previously determined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Green, Benedict T.; Welch, Kevin D.; Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Green, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM Ben.Green@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS FX The authors thank David R. Brown, Carol Chitko-Mckown, William Kem, Isabelle McCollum, and Bryan Stegelmeier for their helpful comments and assistance with this work. This research was supported by USDA/ARS. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 662 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.053 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 776YM UT WOS:000291577200003 PM 21554871 ER PT J AU Holser, RA AF Holser, Ronald A. TI Degradation rates of glycerol polyesters at acidic and basic conditions SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Biomaterials; Chemical synthesis; Chemical techniques; Oxidation ID VEGETABLE FIBERS AB Polyesters prepared from the reaction of glycerol with mixtures of adipic and citric acids were evaluated in the laboratory to estimate degradation rates over a range of pH conditions. These renewable polymers can provide a marketable product for glycerol that is generated during biodiesel production. The polyesters were prepared without catalyst or solvent and produced water as co-product of the condensation reaction. Degradation rates for five glycerol polyester blends were determined from the amounts of the component acids released. All of the polyesters degraded rapidly to the component acids and glycerol. Polyesters exposed to acid solutions degraded 40.2% per day. Polyesters exposed to base solutions degraded 42.0% per day and polyesters exposed to neutral solutions degraded 37.5% per day. Applications for these materials exist in agricultural, environmental, and biomedical engineering products. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ronald.Holser@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.02.071 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 776HP UT WOS:000291525400003 ER PT J AU Houborg, R Anderson, MC Daughtry, CST Kustas, WP Rodell, M AF Houborg, Rasmus Anderson, Martha C. Daughtry, C. S. T. Kustas, W. P. Rodell, Matthew TI Using leaf chlorophyll to parameterize light-use-efficiency within a thermal-based carbon, water and energy exchange model SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Leaf chlorophyll; Light-use-efficiency; Thermal infrared; Carbon flux; Energy balance; Vegetation stress; Shortwave reflectance ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; AREA INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; REMOTE ESTIMATION; BALANCE CLOSURE; VAPOR EXCHANGE; SATELLITE DATA; MODIS DATA AB Chlorophylls absorb photosynthetically active radiation and thus function as vital pigments for photosynthesis, which makes leaf chlorophyll content (C-ab) useful for monitoring vegetation productivity and an important indicator of the overall plant physiological condition. This study investigates the utility of integrating remotely sensed estimates of C-ab into a thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model that estimates land-surface CO2 and energy fluxes using an analytical, light-use-efficiency (LUE) approach to estimating bulk canopy resistance. The LUE model component computes canopy-scale carbon assimilation and transpiration fluxes, internally estimating fluctuations in effective LUE from a nominal (species-dependent) value (LUEn) in response to short-term variations in environmental conditions. LUEn, however, may vary on a daily timescale, responding to changes in plant phenology, physiological condition and nutrient status. Therefore, remote sensing methodologies for improving daily estimates of LUEn have been investigated. Day-to-day variations in LUEn were assessed for a heterogeneous corn crop field in Maryland, U.S.A. through model optimization with eddy covariance CO2 flux tower observations. The optimized daily LUEn values were then compared to gridded estimates of C-ab over the tower flux footprint, retrieved from a canopy reflectance model driven by green, red and near-infrared imagery acquired with an aircraft imaging system. The tower-calibrated LUEn data were generally well correlated with airborne retrievals of C-ab, and hourly water, energy and carbon flux estimation accuracies from TSEB were significantly improved when using C-ab for delineating spatio-temporal variations in LUEn. The study highlights the potential synergy between thermal infrared and shortwave reflective wavebands in producing valuable remote sensing data for estimating carbon, water and heat fluxes within a two-source energy balance framework. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change & Air Qual Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Houborg, Rasmus] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.; Daughtry, C. S. T.; Kustas, W. P.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rodell, Matthew] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change & Air Qual Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM rasmus.houborg@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service Research Associate; NASA's Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Research Associate Program and NASA's Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) program. The authors would like to thank the logistical support in operating and maintaining the OPE3 site as well as data collection and archiving efforts of Dr. Timothy Gish of the USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab. The micrometeorological tower data were made available through the efforts of remote sensing specialist Mr. Andrew Russ of the Hydrology and Remote Sensing laboratory and Dr. John Prueger from the USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment in Ames Iowa. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 7 BP 1694 EP 1705 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.027 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 762UI UT WOS:000290506600008 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Kong, AN Hintze, KJ Jeffery, EH Ji, LL Lei, XG AF Finley, John W. Kong, Ah-Ng Hintze, Korry J. Jeffery, Elizabeth H. Ji, Li Li Lei, Xin Gen TI Antioxidants in Foods: State of the Science Important to the Food Industry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE antioxidant; cancer; diabetes; exercise; food; gene activation; iron; nrf2; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; selenium; thiols ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HEME OXYGENASE-1 GENE; YA-SUBUNIT GENE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RESPONSE ELEMENT; SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CANCER PREVENTION AB Antioxidant foods and ingredients are an important component of the food industry. In the past, antioxidants were used primarily to control oxidation and retard spoilage, but today many are used because of putative health benefits. However, the traditional message that oxidative stress, which involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is the basis for chronic diseases and aging is being reexamined. Accumulating evidence suggests that ROS exert essential metabolic functions and that removal of too many ROS can upset cell signaling pathways and actually increase the risk of chronic disease. It is imperative that the food industry be aware of progress in this field to present the science relative to foods in a forthright and clear manner. This may mean reexamining the health implications of adding large amounts of antioxidants to foods. C1 [Finley, John W.] ARS, Off Natl Programs, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kong, Ah-Ng] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hintze, Korry J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr Dietet & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jeffery, Elizabeth H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Ji, Li Li] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), ARS, Off Natl Programs, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011; OI Hintze, Korry/0000-0003-0135-0478 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 119 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 13 BP 6837 EP 6846 DI 10.1021/jf2013875 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 788AL UT WOS:000292417700003 PM 21627162 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Heden, LO Ingber, B Bhatnagar, D AF De Lucca, Anthony J. Heden, Lars-Olof Ingber, Bruce Bhatnagar, Deepak TI Antifungal Properties of Wheat Histones (H1-H4) and Purified Wheat Histone H1 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wheat; histones; Fusarium; fungi; antifungal ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; PEPTIDES; PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; SKIN; H2B AB Wheat (Triticum spp.) histones H1, H2, H3, and H4 were extracted, and H1 was further purified. The effect of these histones on specific fungi that may or may not be pathogenic to wheat was determined. These fungi included Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium solani, Fusarium graminearum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Greeneria uvicola. Non-germinated and germinating conidia of these fungi were bioassayed separately. The non-germinated and germinating conidia of all Fusarium species were highly susceptible to the mixture (H1-H4) as well as pure H1, with viability losses of 99-100% found to be significant (p <0.001) at <= 10 mu M or less for the histone mixture and pure H1. F. graminearum was the most sensitive to histone activity. The histones were inactive against all of the non-germinated Penicillium spp. conidia. However, they significantly reduced the viability of the germinating conidia of the Penicillium spp. conidia, with 95% loss at 2.5 mu M. Non-germinated and germinating conidia viability of the Aspergillus spp. and G. uvicola were unaffected when exposed to histones up to 10 mu M. Results indicate that Fusarium spp. pathogenic to wheat are susceptible to wheat histones, indicating that these proteins may be a resistance mechanism in wheat against fungal infection. C1 [De Lucca, Anthony J.; Ingber, Bruce; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Heden, Lars-Olof] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM anthony.delucca@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 13 BP 6933 EP 6939 DI 10.1021/jf201646x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 788AL UT WOS:000292417700017 PM 21595494 ER PT J AU Wise, ML AF Wise, Mitchell L. TI Effect of Chemical Systemic Acquired Resistance Elicitors on Avenanthramide Biosynthesis in Oat (Avena sativa) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzothiadiazole; phytoalexin; phenylpropanoid; secondary metabolism ID F-SP AVENAE; CROWN RUST; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; DISEASE RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; PHYTOALEXINS; ASSOCIATION; GENE; HYDROXYCINNAMOYLTRANSFERASE; BENZOTHIADIAZOLE AB Oats produce a group of phenolic antioxidants termed avenanthramides. These metabolites are, among food crops, unique to oats and have shown, in experimental systems, certain desirable nutritional characteristics such as inhibiting atherosclerotic plaque formation and reducing inflammation. Avenanthramides occur in both the leaves and grain of oat. In the leaves they are expressed as phytoalexins in response to crown rust (Puccina coronata) infection. The experiments reported here demonstrate that avenanthramide levels in vegetative tissue can be enhanced by treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH), an agrochemical formulated to elicit systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The response to BTH was dramatically stronger than those produced with salicylic acid treatment. The roots of BTH treated plants also showed a smaller but distinct increase in avenanthramides. The dynamics of the root avenanthramide increase was substantially slower than that observed in the leaves, suggesting that avenanthramides might be transported from the leaves. C1 ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Wise, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 502 N Walnut St, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM mlwise@wisc.edu FU USDA [3655-21000-044-00D] FX Financial support was provided by USDA CRIS Project #3655-21000-044-00D. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 13 BP 7028 EP 7038 DI 10.1021/jf2008869 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 788AL UT WOS:000292417700029 PM 21598950 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Dean-Nystrom, EA Casey, TA AF Sharma, Vijay K. Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A. Casey, Thomas A. TI Evaluation of hha and hha sepB mutant strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as bacterins for reducing E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Bacterins; LEE; O157 ID III SECRETED PROTEINS; O157-H7 REQUIRES INTIMIN; FEEDLOT-CATTLE; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; SIDEROPHORE RECEPTOR; VIRULENCE FACTORS; TERMINAL RECTUM; MIDWESTERN USA; BEEF-CATTLE AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonizes cattle intestines by using the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)encoded proteins. The induction of systemic immune response against LEE-encoded proteins, therefore, will prove effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle. The previous studies have demonstrated that a hha (encodes for a hemolysin expression modulating protein) deletion enhances expression of LEE-encoded proteins and a sepB (encodes an ATPase required for the secretion of LEE-encoded proteins) deletion results in intracellular accumulation of LEE proteins. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the hha and hha sepB deletion mutants as bacterins for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in experimentally inoculated weaned calves. The weaned calves were injected intramuscularly with the bacterins containing 10(9) heat-killed cells of the hha(+) wild-type or hha or hha sepB isogenic mutants, and boosted with the same doses 2- and 4-weeks later. The evaluation of the immune response two weeks after the last booster immunization revealed that the calves vaccinated with the hha mutant bacterin had higher antibody titers against LEE proteins compared to the titers for these antibodies in the calves vaccinated with the hha sepB mutant or hha+ wild-type bacterins. Following oral inoculations with 10(10) CFU of the wild-type E. coli O157:H7, the greater numbers of calves in the group vaccinated with the hha or hha sepB mutant bacterins stopped shedding the inoculum strain within a few days after the inoculations compared to the group of calves vaccinated with the hha+ wild-type bacterin or PBS sham vaccine. Thus, the use of bacterins prepared from the hha and hha sepB mutants for reducing colonization of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle could represent a potentially important pre-harvest strategy to enhance post-harvest safety of bovine food products, water and produce. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sharma, Vijay K.; Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A.; Casey, Thomas A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, 1920 Dayton Ave,Bldg 24,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM vijay.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 12 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 31 BP 5078 EP 5086 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.073 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 796HX UT WOS:000293043500026 PM 21550373 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila to channel catfish Ictaluras punctatus fingerlings in the presence and absence of bacterial extracellular products SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas hydrophila; Extracellular products; Virulence; Bath immersion; Injection ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FISH; INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; SEPTICEMIA; EXPRESSION; GOLDFISH; CLONING; ENTRY AB We investigated the virulence of three 2009 west Alabama isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila (AL09-71, AL09-72 and AL09-73) to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings (4.6 +/- 1.3 g) in the presence and absence of extracellular products (ECPs) from overnight bacterial culture using both bath immersion and intraperitoneal injection routes. At a concentration of 1.65 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) ml(-1), AL09-73 without its ECPs killed 100% of the catfish fingerlings within 2 h by bath immersion. However, at a similar concentration, AL09-73 in the presence of its ECPs killed only 23 +/- 6% catfish fingerlings. The absence of ECPs in the bath immersion experiment also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the virulence of AL09-71, AL09-72, and AL98-C1B, a 1998 Alabama strain of A. hydrophila, suggesting that the virulence of the 4 A. hydrophila isolates was mainly due to bacterial cells, not to their overnight ECPs. Filter-sterilized ECPs failed to kill any catfish by bath immersion or injection. The virulence order of the 4 A. hydrophila isolates, by both bath immersion and intraperitoneal injection, was: AL09-73 >= AL09-71 > AL09-72 >= AL98-C1B. At 2 h post bath immersion, all 4 isolates of A. hydrophila were found in all tissues studied (skin, intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, gill and brain), with the highest bacteria count being in the gill and kidney. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX We thank H.-Y. Yeh (USDA-ARS) and V. Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank W. Hemstreet (Alabama Fish Farming Center), J. Terhune (Auburn University), and J. Bebak (USDA-ARS) for obtaining the 3 2009 isolates of A. hydrophila. We thank B. Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her excellent technical support. We thank B. Scheffler and F. Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-024-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 12 PY 2011 VL 95 IS 3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.3354/dao02357 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 791GA UT WOS:000292651700004 PM 21932532 ER PT J AU Li, XH Yun, J Fan, XT Xing, YG Tang, Y AF Li, Xihong Yun, Juan Fan, Xuetong Xing, Yage Tang, Yao TI Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging on chilling injury and antioxidative defensive mechanism of sweet pepper SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1-MCP; chilling injuries; modified atmosphere packaging; sweet pepper ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; COLD-STORAGE; MANGO FRUIT; QUALITY; IMPROVEMENT; ENZYMES; PLANTS; APPLE; PLUMS AB Some sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are chilling sensitive and can develop injury when stored at temperatures less than 7 degrees C. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (650 ppb) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on chilling injuries (CI) of sweet pepper during 30 days storage at 4 degrees C. The results showed that, 1-MCP and MAP reduced chilling injury symptoms which were correlated with decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. The combination of 1-MCP and MAP further reduced chilling injury. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that, the surface of the sweet peppers with 1-MCP and MAP treatments were smoother than of the control samples. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) of sweet peppers were also influenced by 1-MCP and MAP. SOD, CAT and POD activities of sweet peppers were 87.3, 28.97 and 0.248 U.g(-1), respectively at the beginning of the storage. The activities decreased during the first 15 days of storage followed by an increase during the later period of storage. Treatment with 1-MCP, MAP alone and in combination frequently reduced the activities of those enzymes during storage. These results suggested that, combination of 1-MCP treatment and MAP is a promising treatment for reducing chilling injuries of peppers stored at 4 degrees C. C1 [Li, Xihong; Yun, Juan; Xing, Yage; Tang, Yao] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Food Nutr & Safety, Minist Educ, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Fan, Xuetong] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yun, J (reprint author), Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Food Nutr & Safety, Minist Educ, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. EM yunjuan_1@yahoo.com.cn RI Yun, Juan/E-4164-2016 FU 11th Five-Year Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2006BAD22B03] FX This study was partly supported by the 11th Five-Year Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2006BAD22B03). The authors also acknowledge Yate Color Printing and Packing Co. Ltd (Guangdong, China) for their kind gift of the packaging material. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD JUL 11 PY 2011 VL 10 IS 34 BP 6581 EP 6589 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817IZ UT WOS:000294666800030 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Chapital, DC Shockey, JM Klasson, KT AF Cao, Heping Chapital, Dorselyn C. Shockey, Jay M. Klasson, K. Thomas TI Expression of tung tree diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 in E. coli SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACYL-COA; RECOMBINANT TRISTETRAPROLIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING-PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; PURIFICATION; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES AB Background: Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the final and rate-limiting step of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms. Database search has identified at least 59 DGAT1 sequences from 48 organisms, but the expression of any DGAT1 as a full-length protein in E. coli had not been reported because DGAT1s are integral membrane proteins and difficult to express and purify. The objective of this study was to establish a procedure for expressing full-length DGAT1 in E. coli. Results: An expression plasmid containing the open reading frame for tung tree (Vernicia fordii) DGAT1 fused to maltose binding protein and poly-histidine affinity tags was constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Immunoblotting showed that the recombinant DGAT1 (rDGAT1) was expressed, but mostly targeted to the membranes and insoluble fractions. Extensive degradation also occurred. Nonetheless, the fusion protein was partially purified from the soluble fraction by Ni-NTA and amylose resin affinity chromatography. Multiple proteins co-purified with DGAT1 fusion protein. These fractions appeared yellow in color and contained fatty acids. The rDGAT1 was solubilized from the insoluble fraction by seven detergents and urea, with SDS and Triton X-100 being the most effective detergents. The solubilized rDGAT1 was partially purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. PreScission protease digestion confirmed the identity of rDGAT1 and showed extensive precipitation following Ni-NTA affinity purification. Conclusions: This study reports the first procedure for expressing full-length DGAT1 from any species using a bacterial expression system. The results suggest that recombinant DGAT1 is degraded extensively from the carboxyl terminus and associated with other proteins, lipids, and membranes. C1 [Cao, Heping; Chapital, Dorselyn C.; Shockey, Jay M.; Klasson, K. Thomas] ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Heping.Cao@ars.usda.gov OI Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457; Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 FU USDA-ARS FX The authors thank Drs. John M. Dyer (USDA-ARS-Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center), Thomas J. Caperna (USDA-ARS-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center), Jeffrey W. Cary and Sophie M. Uchimiya (USDA-ARS-Southern Regional Research Center) for helpful comments on the manuscript and Mr. O.D. Howard Jr. and Dr. Stephanie A. Boone for technical assistance. A preliminary report was presented at the Experimental Biology 2011 in Washington DC on April 9- 13, 2011 [34]. This work was supported by USDA-ARS Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD JUL 11 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 73 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-11-73 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 799ES UT WOS:000293267500001 PM 21745386 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, HM Huggins, DR AF Ibrahim, Hesham M. Huggins, David R. TI Spatio-temporal patterns of soil water storage under dryland agriculture at the watershed scale SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil water variability; Empirical orthogonal function; Terrain and soil variability; Field patterns of water storage ID MOISTURE VARIABILITY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CATCHMENT SCALE; EOF ANALYSIS; LAND-USE; FIELD; TARRAWARRA; TERRAIN; INTERPOLATION; RAINFALL AB Spatio-temporal patterns of soil water are major determinants of crop yield potential in dryland agriculture and can serve as the basis for delineating precision management zones. Soil water patterns can vary significantly due to differences in seasonal precipitation, soil properties and topographic features. In this study we used empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to characterize the spatial variability of soil water at the Washington State University Cook Agronomy Farm (CAF) near Pullman, WA. During the period 1999-2006. the CAF was divided into three roughly equal blocks (A, B, and C), and soil water at 0.3 m intervals to a depth of 1.5 m measured gravimetrically at approximately one third of the 369 geo-referenced points on the 37-ha watershed. These data were combined with terrain attributes, soil bulk density and apparent soil conductivity (EC(a)). The first EOF generated from the three blocks explained 73-76% of the soil water variability. Field patterns of soil water based on EOF interpolation varied between wet and dry conditions during spring and fall seasons. Under wet conditions, elevation and wetness index were the dominant factors regulating the spatial patterns of soil water. As soil dries out during summer and fall, soil properties (EC(a) and bulk density) become more important in explaining the spatial patterns of soil water. The EOFs generated from block B, which represents average topographic and soil properties, provided better estimates of soil water over the entire watershed with larger Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) values, especially when the first two EOFs were retained. Including more than the first two EOFs did not significantly increase the NSCE of soil water estimate. The EOF interpolation method to estimate soil water variability worked slightly better during spring than during fall, with average NSCE values of 0.23 and 0.20, respectively. The predictable patterns of stored soil water in the spring could serve as the basis for delineating precision management zones as yield potential is largely driven by water availability. The EOF-based method has the advantage of estimating the soil water variability based on soil water data from several measurement times, whereas in regression methods only soil water measurement at a single time are used. The EOF-based method can also be used to estimate soil water at any time other than measurement times, assuming the average soil water of the watershed is known at that time. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ibrahim, Hesham M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Huggins, David R.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ibrahim, Hesham M.] Suez Canal Univ, Dept Soils & Water, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. RP Ibrahim, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM habdou_1@hotmail.com NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 11 PY 2011 VL 404 IS 3-4 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 793BB UT WOS:000292794300009 ER PT J AU Sikulu, M Dowell, KM Hugo, LE Wirtz, RA Michel, K Peiris, KHS Moore, S Killeen, GF Dowell, FE AF Sikulu, Maggy Dowell, Kayla M. Hugo, Leon E. Wirtz, Robert A. Michel, Kristin Peiris, Kamaranga H. S. Moore, Sarah Killeen, Gerry F. Dowell, Floyd E. TI Evaluating RNAlater (R) as a preservative for using near-infrared spectroscopy to predict Anopheles gambiae age and species SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BED NETS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; IDENTIFICATION; MOSQUITOS; POPULATION; EXPRESSION; MORTALITY; SPECIMENS; TANZANIA; COMPLEX AB Background: Mosquito age and species identification is a crucial determinant of the efficacy of vector control programmes. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has previously been applied successfully to rapidly, non-destructively, and simultaneously determine the age and species of freshly anesthetized African malaria vectors from the Anopheles gambiae s.l. species complex: An. gambiae s. s. and Anopheles arabiensis. However, this has only been achieved on freshly-collected specimens and future applications will require samples to be preserved between field collections and scanning by NIRS. In this study, a sample preservation method (RNAlater (R)) was evaluated for mosquito age and species identification by NIRS against scans of fresh samples. Methods: Two strains of An. gambiae s. s. (CDC and G3) and two strains of An. arabiensis (Dongola, KGB) were reared in the laboratory while the third strain of An. arabiensis (Ifakara) was reared in a semi-field system. All mosquitoes were scanned when fresh and rescanned after preservation in RNAlater (R) for several weeks. Age and species identification was determined using a cross-validation. Results: The mean accuracy obtained for predicting the age of young (<7 days) or old (>= 7 days) of all fresh (n = 633) and all preserved (n = 691) mosquito samples using the cross-validation technique was 83% and 90%, respectively. For species identification, accuracies were 82% for fresh against 80% for RNAlater (R) preserved. For both analyses, preserving mosquitoes in RNAlater (R) was associated with a highly significant reduction in the likelihood of a misclassification of mosquitoes as young or old using NIRS. Important to note is that the costs for preserving mosquito specimens with RNAlater (R) ranges from 3-13 cents per insect depending on the size of the tube used and the number of specimens pooled in one tube. Conclusion: RNAlater (R) can be used to preserve mosquitoes for subsequent scanning and analysis by NIRS to determine their age and species with minimal costs and with accuracy similar to that achieved from fresh insects. Cold storage availability allows samples to be stored longer than a week after field collection. Further study to develop robust calibrations applicable to other strains from diverse ecological settings is recommended. C1 [Dowell, Kayla M.; Dowell, Floyd E.] USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. [Sikulu, Maggy] Griffith Univ, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Sikulu, Maggy; Hugo, Leon E.] Queensland Inst Med Res, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. [Sikulu, Maggy; Moore, Sarah; Killeen, Gerry F.] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Biomed & Environm Sci Themat Grp, Morogoro, Tanzania. [Wirtz, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Michel, Kristin] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Peiris, Kamaranga H. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Moore, Sarah] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dis Control & Vector Biol Unit, London WC1, England. [Killeen, Gerry F.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. EM floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov RI Michel, Kristin/F-3400-2011 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [51431, 45114]; National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia [496601]; NIH [P20RR017686]; Wellcome Trust [076806]; IAEA FX We thank Paul Howell (Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center, CDC) for providing mosquitoes; Tinea Graves and KaraJo Sprigg for rearing mosquitoes at KSU; Ally Daraja for rearing mosquitoes at IHI; and Peter O'Rourke (QIMR) for advice with statistical analysis. Thanks also to Hassan Mtambala, Peter Pazia, Daniel Lugiko, Nuru Nchimbi and Japheth Kihonda of IHI for their technical assistance. This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (awards 51431 and 45114), a National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia, programme grant (496601), NIH grant P20RR017686 subaward to KM, as well as a Research Career Development Fellowship (076806) provided to GFK by the Wellcome Trust, and IAEA fellowship funding provided to FED. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL 8 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 186 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-10-186 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 808SV UT WOS:000293999600001 PM 21740582 ER PT J AU Turrisi, GF Smith, DR AF Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio Smith, David R. TI Systematic revision and phylogeny of the endemic southeastern Asian Pristaulacus comptipennis species group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Evanioidea; new species; southeastern Asia; systematic revision; phylogeny; biogeography ID AULACUS JURINE; MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; WASPS HYMENOPTERA; KIEFFER; EVANIOIDEA; AMERICA; CHINA; WOOD AB The endemic southeastern Asiatic Pristaulacus comptipennis species group is revised and illustrated. Twenty species are recognized: P. asiaticus Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (China), P. boninensis Konishi (Japan), P. comptipennis Enderlein (Japan, China, Taiwan, Laos), P. corellianus Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Laos), P. dilleri Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Laos), P. emarginaticeps Turner (Vietnam), P. excisus Turner (Vietnam), P. gusenleitneri Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Thailand), P. insularis Konishi (Japan, South Korea), P. jenningsi Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Laos), P. konishii Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Thailand), P. lagrecai Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Vietnam), P. nobilei Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (China), P. porcatus Sun & Sheng (China), P. sharkeyi Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Thailand), P. thailandensis Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Thailand), P. vietnamensis Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Vietnam, Thailand), P. vilhelmseni Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Laos), P. vivaldianus Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Laos), P. watanabei Turrisi & Smith, sp. nov. (Thailand). Phylogenetic analyses are based on a previous set of 79 morphological characters. Of this data set, 28 informative including five newly added characters were analysed using TNT under different schemes (equal and implied weighting). All analyses support two large clades, the first with five species, and a more derived and diverse one containing 15 species. Other minor clades are identified and discussed. A key for identification of the species is provided. C1 [Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio] Univ Catania, CUTGANA, I-95027 Catania, Italy. [Smith, David R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Turrisi, GF (reprint author), Univ Catania, CUTGANA, Via Terzora 8, I-95027 Catania, Italy. EM turrisifabrizio@yahoo.it; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DEB-0542864]; European Commission [GB-TAF 390] FX The Willi Hennig Society is kindly acknowledged for access to TNT software. We also kindly thank Lars Vilhelmsen (Zoological Museum, Copenhagen) for useful advice on TNT use. We are grateful to the curators of Museums for providing us material for study, and especially to Michael Sharkey (University of Kentucky, U. S. A.), for allowing study of the material obtained through the "TIGER" project (Thailand Inventory Group for Entomological Research), NSF Grant Number: DEB-0542864. We are also grateful to Arkady Lelej (Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia) as subject editor, John Jennings (University of Adelaide, Australia), Andrew Deans (North Carolina State University, U. S. A.), and John Brown and Thomas Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D. C., U. S. A.) as reviewers for useful comments and criticisms on this paper. The senior author is grateful to Suzanne Ryder and Gavin Broad for their assistance during the revision of the Aulacidae stored in the Natural History Museum (London) through the grant obtained under the European Commission's (FP 6) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Programme Synthesys (GB-TAF 390). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 8 PY 2011 IS 2959 BP 1 EP 72 PG 72 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 789HV UT WOS:000292507200001 ER PT J AU Simberloff, D Alexander, J Allendorf, F Aronson, J Antunes, PM Bacher, S Bardgett, R Bertolino, S Bishop, M Blackburn, TM Blakeslee, A Blumenthal, D Bortolus, A Buckley, R Buckley, Y Byers, J Callaway, RM Campbell, F Campbell, K Campbell, M Carlton, JT Cassey, P Catford, J Celesti-Grapow, L Chapman, J Clark, P Clewell, A Clode, JC Chang, A Chytry, M Clout, M Cohen, A Cowan, P Cowie, RH Crall, AW Crooks, J Deveney, M Dixon, K Dobbs, FC Duffy, DC Duncan, R Ehrlich, PR Eldredge, L Evenhuis, N Fausch, KD Feldhaar, H Firn, J Fowler, A Galil, B Garcia-Berthou, E Geller, J Genovesi, P Gerber, E Gherardi, F Gollasch, S Gordon, D Graham, J Gribben, P Griffen, B Grosholz, ED Hewitt, C Hierro, JL Hulme, P Hutchings, P Jarosik, V Jeschke, JM Johnson, C Johnson, L Johnston, EL Jones, CG Keller, R King, CM Knols, BGJ Kollmann, J Kompas, T Kotanen, PM Kowarik, I Kuhn, I Kumschick, S Leung, B Liebhold, A MacIsaac, H Mack, R McCullough, DG McDonald, R Merritt, DM Meyerson, L Minchin, D Mooney, HA Morisette, JT Moyle, P Heinz, MS Murray, BR Nehring, S Nelson, W Nentwig, W Novak, SJ Occhipinti, A Ojaveer, H Osborne, B Ostfeld, RS Parker, J Pederson, J Pergl, J Phillips, ML Pysek, P Rejmanek, M Ricciardi, A Ricotta, C Richardson, D Rilov, G Ritchie, E Robertson, PA Roman, J Ruiz, G Schaefer, H Schaffelke, B Schierenbeck, KA Schmitz, DC Schwindt, E Seeb, J Smith, LD Smith, GF Stohlgren, T Strayer, DL Strong, D Sutherland, WJ Therriault, T Thuiller, W Torchin, M van der Putten, WH Vila, M Von Holle, B Wallentinus, I Wardle, D Williamson, M Wilson, J Winter, M Wolfe, LM Wright, J Wonham, M Zabin, C AF Simberloff, Daniel Alexander, Jake Allendorf, Fred Aronson, James Antunes, Pedro M. Bacher, Sven Bardgett, Richard Bertolino, Sandro Bishop, Melanie Blackburn, Tim M. Blakeslee, April Blumenthal, Dana Bortolus, Alejandro Buckley, Ralf Buckley, Yvonne Byers, Jeb Callaway, Ragan M. Campbell, Faith Campbell, Karl Campbell, Marnie Carlton, James T. Cassey, Phillip Catford, Jane Celesti-Grapow, Laura Chapman, John Clark, Paul Clewell, Andre Clode, Joao Canning Chang, Andrew Chytry, Milan Clout, Mick Cohen, Andrew Cowan, Phil Cowie, Robert H. Crall, Alycia W. Crooks, Jeff Deveney, Marty Dixon, Kingsley Dobbs, Fred C. Duffy, David Cameron Duncan, Richard Ehrlich, Paul R. Eldredge, Lucius Evenhuis, Neal Fausch, Kurt D. Feldhaar, Heike Firn, Jennifer Fowler, Amy Galil, Bella Garcia-Berthou, Emili Geller, Jonathan Genovesi, Piero Gerber, Esther Gherardi, Francesca Gollasch, Stephan Gordon, Doria Graham, Jim Gribben, Paul Griffen, Blaine Grosholz, Edwin D. Hewitt, Chad Hierro, Jose L. Hulme, Philip Hutchings, Pat Jarosik, Vojtech Jeschke, Jonathan M. Johnson, Chris Johnson, Ladd Johnston, Emma L. Jones, Carl G. Keller, Reuben King, Carolyn M. Knols, Bart G. J. Kollmann, Johannes Kompas, Thomas Kotanen, Peter M. Kowarik, Ingo Kuehn, Ingolf Kumschick, Sabrina Leung, Brian Liebhold, Andrew MacIsaac, Hugh Mack, Richard McCullough, Deborah G. McDonald, Robbie Merritt, David M. Meyerson, Laura Minchin, Dan Mooney, Harold A. Morisette, Jeffrey T. Moyle, Peter Heinz, Mueller-Schaerer Murray, Brad R. Nehring, Stefan Nelson, Wendy Nentwig, Wolfgang Novak, Stephen J. Occhipinti, Anna Ojaveer, Henn Osborne, Bruce Ostfeld, Richard S. Parker, John Pederson, Judith Pergl, Jan Phillips, Megan L. Pysek, Petr Rejmanek, Marcel Ricciardi, Anthony Ricotta, Carlo Richardson, David Rilov, Gil Ritchie, Euan Robertson, Peter A. Roman, Joe Ruiz, Gregory Schaefer, Hanno Schaffelke, Britta Schierenbeck, Kristina A. Schmitz, Don C. Schwindt, Evangelina Seeb, Jim Smith, L. David Smith, Gideon F. Stohlgren, Thomas Strayer, David L. Strong, Donald Sutherland, William J. Therriault, Thomas Thuiller, Wilfried Torchin, Mark van der Putten, Wim H. Vila, Montserrat Von Holle, Betsy Wallentinus, Inger Wardle, David Williamson, Mark Wilson, John Winter, Marten Wolfe, Lorne M. Wright, Jeff Wonham, Marjorie Zabin, Chela CA 141 Signatories TI Non-natives: 141 scientists object SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Simberloff, Daniel] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Alexander, Jake] Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Allendorf, Fred; Callaway, Ragan M.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT USA. [Aronson, James] CEFE CNRS, Montpellier, France. [Antunes, Pedro M.] Algoma Univ, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Bacher, Sven; Heinz, Mueller-Schaerer] Univ Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. [Bardgett, Richard] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Bertolino, Sandro] Univ Turin, Grugliasco, Italy. [Bishop, Melanie] Macquarie Univ, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, London, England. [Blakeslee, April; Clode, Joao Canning; Chang, Andrew; Fowler, Amy; Griffen, Blaine; Parker, John; Ruiz, Gregory; Zabin, Chela] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD USA. [Blumenthal, Dana] USDA Agr Res Service, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bortolus, Alejandro; Schwindt, Evangelina] Ctr Nacl Patagonico CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Buckley, Ralf] Griffith Univ, Southport, Qld, Australia. [Buckley, Yvonne] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Buckley, Yvonne] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Byers, Jeb] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA USA. [Campbell, Faith] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA. [Campbell, Karl] Island Conservat, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Campbell, Marnie; Hewitt, Chad] Cent Queensland Univ, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. [Carlton, James T.] Williams Coll Mystic Seaport, Mystic, CT USA. [Cassey, Phillip] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Catford, Jane] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Celesti-Grapow, Laura; Ricotta, Carlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Chapman, John] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Clark, Paul] Nat Hist Museum, London, England. [Clewell, Andre] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Chytry, Milan] Masaryk Univ, Brno, Czech Republic. [Clout, Mick] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. [Cohen, Andrew] Ctr Res Aquat Bioinvas, Richmond, CA USA. [Cowan, Phil] Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Cowie, Robert H.; Duffy, David Cameron] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA. [Crall, Alycia W.; Fausch, Kurt D.; Graham, Jim; Kumschick, Sabrina; Stohlgren, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Crooks, Jeff] Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Imperial Beach, CA USA. [Deveney, Marty] S Australian Aquat Sci Ctr, West Beach, Australia. [Dixon, Kingsley] Kings Pk & Bot Gardens, Perth, WA 6005, Australia. [Dobbs, Fred C.] Old Domin Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Duncan, Richard; Hulme, Philip] Lincoln Univ, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Ehrlich, Paul R.; Mooney, Harold A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA USA. [Eldredge, Lucius; Evenhuis, Neal] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Feldhaar, Heike] Univ Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Galil, Bella] Natl Inst Oceanog, Haifa, Israel. [Garcia-Berthou, Emili] Univ Girona, Girona, Spain. [Geller, Jonathan] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Genovesi, Piero] Italian Natl Inst Environm Protect & Res, Rome, Italy. [Gerber, Esther] CABI Europe, Delemont, Switzerland. [Gherardi, Francesca] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Gordon, Doria] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gribben, Paul; Murray, Brad R.; Phillips, Megan L.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Grosholz, Edwin D.; Moyle, Peter; Rejmanek, Marcel; Strong, Donald] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Hierro, Jose L.] Univ Nacl La Pampa, CONICET, La Pampa, Argentina. [Hutchings, Pat] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Jarosik, Vojtech] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Johnson, Chris] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Johnson, Ladd] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Johnston, Emma L.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Jones, Carl G.] Durrell Wildlife Conservat Trust, Trinity, Jersey, England. [Keller, Reuben] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. [King, Carolyn M.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Knols, Bart G. J.] Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Knols, Bart G. J.] K&S Consulting, Dodewaard, Netherlands. [Jeschke, Jonathan M.; Kollmann, Johannes] Tech Univ Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Kompas, Thomas] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kotanen, Peter M.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Kowarik, Ingo] Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [Kuehn, Ingolf; Winter, Marten] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Halle, Germany. [Leung, Brian; Ricciardi, Anthony] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Liebhold, Andrew] USDA Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. [MacIsaac, Hugh] Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada. [Mack, Richard] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI USA. [McDonald, Robbie] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, Stonehouse, England. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Meyerson, Laura] Univ Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA. [Minchin, Dan] Marine Organism Investigat, Killaloe, Ireland. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Nehring, Stefan] Bundesamt Naturschutz, Bonn, Germany. [Nelson, Wendy] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Nentwig, Wolfgang] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [Novak, Stephen J.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID USA. [Occhipinti, Anna] Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Ojaveer, Henn] Univ Tartu, Parnu, Estonia. [Osborne, Bruce] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Ostfeld, Richard S.; Strayer, David L.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Pergl, Jan; Pysek, Petr] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Pruhonice, Czech Republic. [Richardson, David; Wilson, John] Stellenbosch Univ, Matieland, South Africa. [Rilov, Gil] Natl Inst Oceanog, Haifa, Israel. [Ritchie, Euan] Deakin Univ, Burwood, Vic, Australia. [Robertson, Peter A.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Roman, Joe] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Schaefer, Hanno] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Schaffelke, Britta] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Schierenbeck, Kristina A.] Calif State Univ, Chico, CA USA. [Schmitz, Don C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Seeb, Jim] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. [Smith, L. David] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA USA. [Smith, Gideon F.] Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. [Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Therriault, Thomas] Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Thuiller, Wilfried] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. [Torchin, Mark] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [van der Putten, Wim H.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Vila, Montserrat] Estac Biol Donana, Seville, Spain. [Von Holle, Betsy] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL USA. [Wallentinus, Inger] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wardle, David] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Umea, Sweden. [Williamson, Mark] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Wolfe, Lorne M.] Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA USA. [Wright, Jeff] Univ Tasmania, Launceston, Australia. [Wonham, Marjorie] Quest Univ, Squamish, BC, Canada. RP Simberloff, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dsimberloff@utk.edu RI Hulme, Philip/F-7454-2011; Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010; Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Duncan, Richard/E-7899-2013; Robertson, Peter/H-1614-2013; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013; Hewitt, Chad/C-4460-2008; Strayer, David/H-3788-2011; Catford, Jane/B-9578-2012; Pergl, Jan/H-1071-2011; Kuhn, Ingolf /B-9756-2009; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Antunes, Pedro/C-2949-2008; Nentwig, Wolfgang/A-6624-2011; McDonald, Robbie/A-2931-2012; Wilson, John/B-4101-2008; Jeschke, Jonathan/A-2707-2008; Pysek, Petr/B-1957-2012; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; van der Putten, Wim/C-3707-2011; Garcia-Berthou, Emili/A-5392-2008; Canning Clode, Joao/G-5142-2011; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Johnston, Emma/B-7210-2009; Mueller-Schaerer, Heinz/H-5277-2011; Bacher, Sven/F-5431-2010; Ricciardi, Anthony/A-8536-2010; Vila, Montserrat/D-9339-2013; Winter, Marten/E-7979-2011; Kollmann, Johannes/B-4255-2012; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Chang, Andrew/J-8058-2016; Ojaveer, Henn/K-2160-2016; Chytry, Milan/J-4954-2012; Celesti, Laura/R-3615-2016 OI Hulme, Philip/0000-0001-5712-0474; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Duncan, Richard/0000-0003-2295-449X; Robertson, Peter/0000-0003-1567-8677; Hewitt, Chad/0000-0002-6859-6512; Catford, Jane/0000-0003-0582-5960; Pergl, Jan/0000-0002-0045-1974; Kuhn, Ingolf /0000-0003-1691-8249; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Wardle, David/0000-0002-0476-7335; McDonald, Robbie/0000-0002-6922-3195; Wilson, John/0000-0003-0174-3239; Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; van der Putten, Wim/0000-0002-9341-4442; Garcia-Berthou, Emili/0000-0001-8412-741X; Canning Clode, Joao/0000-0003-2143-6535; THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Johnston, Emma/0000-0002-2117-366X; Bacher, Sven/0000-0001-5147-7165; Vila, Montserrat/0000-0003-3171-8261; Winter, Marten/0000-0002-9593-7300; Kollmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4990-3636; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Chang, Andrew/0000-0002-7870-285X; Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063; Chytry, Milan/0000-0002-8122-3075; Celesti, Laura/0000-0002-9533-6919 NR 0 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 16 U2 444 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 2011 VL 475 IS 7354 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 788RE UT WOS:000292461300028 PM 21734689 ER PT J AU Margam, VM Coates, BS Bayles, DO Hellmich, RL Agunbiade, T Seufferheld, MJ Sun, WL Kroemer, JA Ba, MN Binso-Dabire, CL Baoua, I Ishiyaku, MF Covas, FG Srinivasan, R Armstrong, J Murdock, LL Pittendrigh, BR AF Margam, Venu M. Coates, Brad S. Bayles, Darrell O. Hellmich, Richard L. Agunbiade, Tolulope Seufferheld, Manfredo J. Sun, Weilin Kroemer, Jeremy A. Ba, Malick N. Binso-Dabire, Clementine L. Baoua, Ibrahim Ishiyaku, Mohammad F. Covas, Fernando G. Srinivasan, Ramasamy Armstrong, Joel Murdock, Larry L. Pittendrigh, Barry R. TI Transcriptome Sequencing, and Rapid Development and Application of SNP Markers for the Legume Pod Borer Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLANKING REGIONS; CANDIDATE GENES; GENOME; DNA; TAGS; MICROSATELLITES AB The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is an insect pest species of crops grown by subsistence farmers in tropical regions of Africa. We present the de novo assembly of 3729 contigs from 454- and Sanger-derived sequencing reads for midgut, salivary, and whole adult tissues of this non-model species. Functional annotation predicted that 1320 M. vitrata protein coding genes are present, of which 631 have orthologs within the Bombyx mori gene model. A homology-based analysis assigned M. vitrata genes into a group of paralogs, but these were subsequently partitioned into putative orthologs following phylogenetic analyses. Following sequence quality filtering, a total of 1542 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were predicted within M. vitrata contig assemblies. Seventy one of 1078 designed molecular genetic markers were used to screen M. vitrata samples from five collection sites in West Africa. Population substructure may be present with significant implications in the insect resistance management recommendations pertaining to the release of biological control agents or transgenic cowpea that express Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxins. Mutation data derived from transcriptome sequencing is an expeditious and economical source for genetic markers that allow evaluation of ecological differentiation. C1 [Margam, Venu M.; Murdock, Larry L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Coates, Brad S.; Bayles, Darrell O.; Hellmich, Richard L.; Kroemer, Jeremy A.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Agunbiade, Tolulope; Sun, Weilin; Pittendrigh, Barry R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Champaign, IL USA. [Seufferheld, Manfredo J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Champaign, IL USA. [Ba, Malick N.; Binso-Dabire, Clementine L.] Inst Environm & Rech Agr INERA, Stn Kamboinse, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Baoua, Ibrahim] Inst Natl Rech Agron Niger, Maradi, Niger. [Ishiyaku, Mohammad F.] Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Inst Agr Res, Zaria, Nigeria. [Covas, Fernando G.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Srinivasan, Ramasamy] AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, Tainan, Taiwan. [Armstrong, Joel] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Black Mt, ACT, Australia. RP Margam, VM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pittendr@illinois.edu RI Armstrong, Joel/E-6873-2011; Margam, Venu/E-5876-2010; Ba, Malick/I-8557-2012 FU Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development [EDH-A-00-07-00005] FX This research has been made possible through support provided to the Dry Grains Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) by the Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Grant No. EDH-A-00-07-00005. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 6 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 AR e21388 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021388 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 791AK UT WOS:000292632000011 PM 21754987 ER PT J AU Beard, JJ Ochoa, R AF Beard, Jennifer J. Ochoa, Ronald TI New flat mite genera (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) associated with Australian sedges (Cyperaceae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Acaricis; Afronychus; Dolichotetranychus; Gahnia; leg chaetotaxy; Lisaepalpus; ontogeny; Prolixus; Tenuilichus; Tenuipalpus; Tetranychoidea AB Two new genera, Gahniacarus gen. nov. and Cyperacarus gen. nov., and four new species, G. gersonus sp. nov., G. tuberculatus sp. nov., C. naomae sp. nov. and C. foliatus sp. nov., are described from native Australian sedge species in the genus Gahnia (Cyperaceae). Leg chaetotaxy is provided for all stages of each species. The importance of taxonomic characters offered by immature stages and ontogenetic changes in leg chaetotaxy are discussed. A key to the Tenuipalpidae associated with Cyperaceae in Australia is provided. C1 [Beard, Jennifer J.] Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Beard, Jennifer J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ochoa, Ronald] ARS, SEL, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Beard, JJ (reprint author), Queensland Museum, POB 3300, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. EM jjbeard@umd.edu FU Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS); USDA-APHIS-PPQ Centre for Plant Health Science and Technology; University of Maryland FX Beard was funded by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) and by an agreement between USDA-APHIS-PPQ Centre for Plant Health Science and Technology and the University of Maryland. We thank Paul Forster and Ron Booth (BRI) for help with collection and identification of host plant material; Greg Evans, Gary Miller and Sonja Scheffer for comments on an early draft; Debbie Creel and Jonathan Haas for help with references. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA; USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 6 PY 2011 IS 2941 BP 1 EP 37 PG 37 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 787KZ UT WOS:000292376300001 ER PT J AU Berentsen, AR Dunbar, MR Johnson, SR Robbe-Austerman, S Martinez, L Jones, RL AF Berentsen, A. R. Dunbar, M. R. Johnson, S. R. Robbe-Austerman, S. Martinez, L. Jones, R. L. TI Active use of coyotes (Canis latrans) to detect Bovine Tuberculosis in northeastern Michigan, USA SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mycobacterium Bovis CY AUG 25-28, 2009 CL Wellington, NEW ZEALAND SP AssureQuality NZ Ltd, Prionics, EnferGroup, AgResearch NZ Ltd, Landcare Res NZ Ltd, Allfelx NZ Ltd, AGMARDT, Immune Sollut Ltd, Anim Control Prod Ltd DE Bovine tuberculosis; Canis latrans; Coyote; Michigan; Mycobacterium bovis; Sentinel ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SENTINELS; PREVALENCE; STRATEGIES; SURVEILLANCE; WILDLIFE; MANITOBA AB Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Michigan, USA, and research suggests transmission to cattle. Prevalence of the disease in deer is estimated at 1.8%, but as prevalence decreases the difficulty of detection increases. Research suggests coyotes (Canis latrans) have a higher prevalence of bTB in Michigan than deer and sampling coyotes may be a more efficient surveillance tool to detect presence or spread of the disease. Coyotes possess suitable ecological characteristics to serve as a sentinel species, assuming transmission between coyotes is not significant. The question of whether free-ranging coyotes shed Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bTB, has not been previously addressed. We actively used coyotes as a sentinel to detect. bTB in infected and uninfected counties in Michigan's Northeastern Lower Peninsula. We determined whether bTB infection was present through bacteriologic culture of lymph nodes and tissues containing lesions and cultured oral/nasal swabs and feces to establish shedding. Seventeen of 171 coyotes were M. bovis culture positive, one of which was from a previously uninfected county. All oral, nasal secretions and feces were culture negative suggesting minimal, if any, shedding of M. bovis. Thus, infection of coyotes is likely to occur through ingestion of infected deer carcasses and not from interaction with conspecifics. These findings support previous research suggesting that coyotes are useful sentinels for bTB. The use of coyotes as a sentinel, may allow wildlife managers to detect the spread of bTB into naive counties. With earlier detection managers may be able to take proactive surveillance measures to detect the disease in deer and reduce the potential risk to domestic livestock and captive deer herds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Berentsen, A. R.; Dunbar, M. R.; Johnson, S. R.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Robbe-Austerman, S.] USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Martinez, L.; Jones, R. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Berentsen, AR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Are.R.Berentsen@aphis.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.035 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 787BX UT WOS:000292352700018 PM 21420801 ER PT J AU Schiller, I RayWaters, W Vordermeier, HM Jemmi, T Welsh, M Keck, N Whelan, A Gormley, E Boschiroli, ML Moyen, JL Vela, C Cagiola, M Buddle, BM Palmer, M Thacker, T Oesch, B AF Schiller, Irene RayWaters, W. Vordermeier, H. Martin Jemmi, Thomas Welsh, Michael Keck, Nicolas Whelan, Adam Gormley, Eamonn Boschiroli, Maria Laura Moyen, Jean Louis Vela, Carmen Cagiola, Monica Buddle, Bryce M. Palmer, Mitchell Thacker, Tyler Oesch, Bruno TI Bovine tuberculosis in Europe from the perspective of an officially tuberculosis free country: Trade, surveillance and diagnostics SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mycobacterium Bovis CY AUG 25-28, 2009 CL Wellington, NEW ZEALAND SP AssureQuality NZ Ltd, Prionics, EnferGroup, AgResearch NZ Ltd, Landcare Res NZ Ltd, Allfelx NZ Ltd, AGMARDT, Immune Sollut Ltd, Anim Control Prod Ltd DE Bovine tuberculosis; Control and eradication; Tools; Tuberculin skin test; Interferon gamma assay; Slaughter surveillance ID GAMMA-INTERFERON ASSAY; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; INFECTED CATTLE; HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSES; ANTIGEN; PEPTIDES; SPECIFICITY; COMPLEX; ESAT-6; HERDS AB Switzerland has been officially free of bovine tuberculosis (OTF) since 1960. Since 1980 the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has been reduced to passive abattoir surveillance. Isolated cases of bTB, partly due to reactivation of human Mycobacterium bovis infections with subsequent transmission to cattle, have been noticed in the last years. In Europe, the overall prevalence of bTB is slightly increasing. Both OTF and non-OTF countries report increases in the proportion of bTB positive cattle herds. Current bTB eradication and control programs in Europe are facing a range of challenges. Whole herd depopulation is becoming a less attractive option for economic reasons and due to animal welfare concerns. Live animal trade is increasing both at national and international levels. Regarding these tendencies and taking into account the chronicity of bTB infection, pre-movement testing is becoming increasingly important as a central tool for eradication and for protection against re-introduction of bTB. Pre-movement testing, however specifically focuses on the infection status in individuals, requiring a high level of diagnostic accuracy to correctly diagnose infected animals. Current screening tests for bTB, however, have been designed to meet demands as herd tests. This illustrates that the modification of existing and/or the development of new diagnostics for bTB might be needed. The tuberculin skin test (TST), the primary screening test for bTB may in certain situations have low sensitivity. The interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) assay is accepted to be more sensitive compared to TST. Reduced specificity, however, especially in areas of low bTB prevalence raises concerns. New antigen combinations including Rv3615c, OmpATb and others have been shown to complement ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in the whole blood IFN-gamma assay and resulted in improved sensitivity (compared to ESAT-6 and CFP-10) and specificity (compared to tuberculins). Lesion detection after slaughter represents a cost-effective procedure for passive surveillance of bTB, especially in areas of low prevalence or in regions free of bTB; however, its sensitivity is very low. This illustrates that trade is linked with a certain risk to re-introduce bTB in OTF regions or countries and that there may be delays in detecting a re-introduction of bTB. In conclusion, regarding the fact that some parameters linked with bTB programs are changing, the development of improved diagnostic tests with a high reliability for use as individual animal tests will be important for future eradication of bTB, in line with international commitment to high standard animal health programs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schiller, Irene; Jemmi, Thomas] Div Anim Hlth, Fed Vet Off, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [RayWaters, W.; Palmer, Mitchell; Thacker, Tyler] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Vordermeier, H. Martin; Whelan, Adam] Vet Lab Agcy, Addlestone, Great Britain, England. [Welsh, Michael] AFBI Vet Sci Div, Stormont, Ireland. [Keck, Nicolas] Lab Dept Vet Herault, Montpellier, France. [Gormley, Eamonn] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Boschiroli, Maria Laura] AFSSA LERPAZ, Unite Zoonoses Bacteriennes, Maisons Alfort, France. [Vela, Carmen] Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain. [Cagiola, Monica] Ist Zooprofilatt Umbria Marche, Perugia, Italy. [Buddle, Bryce M.] AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Oesch, Bruno] Prionics AG, Schlieren, Switzerland. RP Schiller, I (reprint author), Div Anim Hlth, Fed Vet Off, Schwarzenburgstr 155, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM irene.schiller@bvet.admin.ch RI Whelan, Adam/C-9497-2011; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; OI Keck, Nicolas/0000-0001-7260-5293; Gormley, Eamonn/0000-0003-3900-0393; Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.039 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 787BX UT WOS:000292352700022 PM 21439740 ER PT J AU Rosauer, DR Biga, PR Lindell, SR Binkowski, FP Shepherd, BS Palmquist, DE Simchick, CA Goetz, FW AF Rosauer, Daniel R. Biga, Peggy R. Lindell, Scott R. Binkowski, Frederick P. Shepherd, Brian S. Palmquist, Debra E. Simchick, Crystal A. Goetz, Frederick W. TI Development of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) broodstocks: Initial characterization of growth and quality traits following grow-out of different stocks SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Yellow perch; Perca flavescens; Growth; Microsatellite; Parentage analysis; Proximate analysis ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; EARTHEN PONDS; 3 GENERATIONS; BODY-WEIGHT; SELECTION; PERFORMANCE; FISH; RESPONSES; CULTURE AB Broodstocks of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were initiated from fertilized gametes obtained from wild fish taken from the Perquimans River (North Carolina), Choptank River (Maryland), Lake Winnebago (Wisconsin) and Lac du Flambeau (Wisconsin). Populations at these sites were chosen based on the results of a prior population genetics study of perch populations from the upper Midwest and East Coast (Grzybowski et al., 2010. Tr. Am. Fish. Soc. 139,270-287). Criteria included drainage basins, overall genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, and the logistics of obtaining and crossing wild perch at each location. Fertilized gametes of all four stocks were reared under identical early life stage rearing conditions. Of the four stocks. Lac du Flambeau fish did not survive feed habituation. Progeny from the other three stocks were evaluated in a growth trial consisting of four replicate tanks per stock reared under identical conditions until one-year post hatch. Perquimans River and Choptank River fish did not differ in absolute growth rate (AGR), and both achieved an AGR 2.5 times as great as the Lake Winnebago fish. Average weights differed significantly between all stocks by the end of the growth trial with Perquimans River being the heaviest and Lake Winnebago the lightest. When each stock reached an average of 28 g, individuals were assigned to one of four size classes and the overall family contribution to each specific size class was determined by completing parentage analysis using microsatellites on a subset of individuals. Deviations from expected frequencies based on stocking proportions were observed in all stocks, suggesting a genetic link to growth and the ability to increase growth using selection. At the end of the growth trial, 40 individuals per stock were filleted for fillet yield and proximate analysis. No differences were observed in fillet yield, lipid, protein or moisture content. Significant differences were seen in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels. The differences between stocks in growth suggest that the Perquimans River and Choptank River stocks would outperform the Lake Winnebago stock in intensive aquaculture environments. However, there may be other phenotypes such as disease resistance that are not evident from the growth trial in other stocks such as Lake Winnebago. The inability of Lac du Flambeau fish to survive early life stage rearing would indicate that these fish are not good candidates for broodstock development using the husbandry approaches employed in the current study. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosauer, Daniel R.; Binkowski, Frederick P.; Simchick, Crystal A.; Goetz, Frederick W.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Biga, Peggy R.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Lindell, Scott R.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shepherd, Brian S.] USDA ARS, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Palmquist, Debra E.] USDA ARS, Midwest Area Stat Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Goetz, FW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM rick@uwm.edu FU University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under National Sea Grant College; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170011, NA10OAR4170070, R/AQ-44, R/AQ-41]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-3655-4-136, CRIS 3655-31000-020-00D] FX The authors would like to thank the following people/groups for their assistance with this project. The collection of the wild adult perch was completed by Onley the Best Fish (Perquimans River), Maryland DNR (Choptank River), Wisconsin DNR (Lake Winnebago), and Lac du Flambeau Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa Indians (Lac du Flambeau). Holding facilities used for spawning were provided by North Carolina State University (Tidewater Research Station), and the Maryland DNR (Joseph H. Manning State Fish Hatchery). Rearing the fish was assisted by Steve Yeo, Justin Wernecke, Matt Nichols, Doug lmmerman and Adam Gilmore (University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee). Assistance in optimizing microsatellite reactions was provided by Mike Grzybowski (University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee). Fatty acid analysis was completed by Ben Meyer, Leonard Cook, and Brady Vick (North Dakota State University). This work was funded by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Federal Grant numbers NA06OAR4170011 and NA10OAR4170070, project numbers R/AQ-44 and R/AQ-41. This work was also supported, in part, by a Specific Cooperative Agreement (58-3655-4-136) under U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS 3655-31000-020-00D. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. government. Mention of trade names, proprietary products, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 4 PY 2011 VL 317 IS 1-4 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.037 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 781CK UT WOS:000291908000010 ER PT J AU Aussanasuwannakul, A Kenney, PB Weber, GM Yao, JB Slider, SD Manor, ML Salem, M AF Aussanasuwannakul, Aunchalee Kenney, P. Brett Weber, Gregory M. Yao, Jianbo Slider, Susan D. Manor, Meghan L. Salem, Mohamed TI Effect of sexual maturation on growth, fillet composition, and texture of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on a high nutritional plane SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Texture; Sexual maturation; Ploidy; Collagen ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON; COD GADUS-MORHUA; MUSCLE CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; CROSS-LINK CONCENTRATION; COLLAGEN CONTENT; POLYPLOID FISH; FLESH QUALITY; WHITE MUSCLE; CHUM SALMON AB Nutrient and energy demands of sexual maturation influence fillet composition and texture in many fish cultivars. Effects of sexual maturation on growth and on fillet composition and texture were investigated in rainbow trout on a high nutritional plane. Diploid (2N; fertile) and triploid (3N; sterile) female rainbow trout were reared from July 2008 through spawning in March 2009. Growth rates were greater in the 2N females from August through October; whereas, the reverse response was true in February and March, resulting in similar overall growth rates and body weight (3140 +/- 76 g). Raw fillets were softer, regardless of ploidy, between September and January (Allo-Kramer shear) compared to July, but increased again in March (366.79 g/g). By November, 2N females had lower fillet fat content and higher moisture content than 3N females. Fat content negatively correlated with shear force (r = -0.35, R(2)=0.12). Alkaline-insoluble (a-i) hydroxyproline (HYP) concentration was similar for 2N and 3N muscle through January but increased 2 and 4 folds for 3N and 2N muscles, respectively, by March. A-i HYP positively correlated with energy of shear (r = 0.41, R(2)=0.17). In summary, during the five months prior to spawning and in females on a high nutritional plane, increased accumulation of fat in 3N females resulted in decreased firmness of raw fillets; whereas, increased insoluble collagen content, primarily in 2N females, increased fillet firmness in the month of spawning. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aussanasuwannakul, Aunchalee; Kenney, P. Brett; Yao, Jianbo; Slider, Susan D.; Manor, Meghan L.; Salem, Mohamed] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Weber, Gregory M.; Manor, Meghan L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. RP Kenney, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM bkenney@wvu.edu FU USDA/CSREES [2007-35205-17914]; USDA/ARS [1930-32000-007] FX This study was funded by USDA/CSREES#2007-35205-17914 National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program and supported by USDA/ARS CRIS Project 1930-32000-007. It is published with the approval of the West Virginia University Director of the Agricultural Station as scientific paper nr 3099. We would like to thank Mark Hostuttler for making the triploids, Lisa Radler, Jill Corbett, and David Payne for their technical assistance in the laboratory aspects of this study, and Jim Everson, Josh Kretzer, Jenea McGowan, Kyle Jenkins, and Kevin Melody for their assistance with animal care. Mention of trade names of commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 4 PY 2011 VL 317 IS 1-4 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.04.015 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 781CK UT WOS:000291908000013 ER PT J AU Morken, T Kraugerud, OF Barrows, FT Sorensen, M Storebakken, T Overland, M AF Morken, Thea Kraugerud, Olav Fjeld Barrows, Frederic T. Sorensen, Mette Storebakken, Trond Overland, Margareth TI Sodium diformate and extrusion temperature affect nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets with fish meal and barley protein concentrate for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Barley protein concentrate; Digestibility; Extrusion; Physical quality; Rainbow trout; Sodium diformate ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; AMINO-ACID DIGESTIBILITY; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; ATLANTIC SALMON; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; POTASSIUM DIFORMATE; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; EXTRUDED DIETS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of ingredient, extrusion temperature, and the conjugated acid salt sodium diformate(HCOOH center dot center dot HCOO-Na; NaDF) on apparent nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets for rainbow trout. The experiment had a 2(3) factorial design with two dietary ingredient sources (fish meal [FM] and barley protein concentrate [BPC], two extruder temperatures (110 and 141 degrees C), and two levels of NaDF supplementation (0 and 10.6 g kg(-1)), The results from the digestibility trial showed that inclusion of BPC significantly increased the digestibility of crude protein and several nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), but significantly reduced the digestibility of crude lipid, starch, and all essential amino acids (EAAs). Extrusion at 141 degrees C significantly increased the digestibility of starch, crude protein, arginine, and several NEAAs, but significantly reduced the digestibility of phenylalanine compared to extrusion at 110 degrees C. Addition of NaDF significantly increased the digestibility of most major nutrients and individual amino acids. Diets with BPC had significantly higher hardness, expansion ratio, and durability, but significantly lower water stability compared to diets based on FM. Extrusion temperature only affected pellet durability, which was significantly higher for the highest temperature. Addition of NaDF to diets significantly increased the expansion ratio, durability, and water stability compared to diets without NaDF. This experiment showed that BPC is a promising alternative protein source to FM with regard to nutrient digestibility and physical quality of extruded diets. The use of high extrusion temperature (141 degrees C) and inclusion of NaDF improved both nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets for rainbow trout. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Morken, Thea; Kraugerud, Olav Fjeld; Sorensen, Mette; Storebakken, Trond; Overland, Margareth] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Aquaculture Prot Ctr, CoE, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Sorensen, Mette] Nofima AS, NO-1432 As, Norway. RP Overland, M (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Aquaculture Prot Ctr, CoE, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, POB 5003, NO-1432 As, Norway. EM margareth.overland@umb.no RI storebakken, trond/E-8050-2011; Overland, Margareth/G-3451-2012 OI storebakken, trond/0000-0002-4525-2098; FU Research Council of Norway [145949]; Addcon Nordic AS; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB, As, Norway) FX This work was supported by grant # 145949 from the Research Council of Norway and partly from a grant by Addcon Nordic AS. Thea Morken was supported by a PhD-grant and a travel grant ("Smaforsk") from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB, As, Norway). We would like to thank Jason Frost at the Bozeman Fish Technology Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for excellent technical assistance with the experiment. NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 4 PY 2011 VL 317 IS 1-4 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.04.020 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 781CK UT WOS:000291908000021 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Wenninger, EJ Hentz, MG AF Hall, David G. Wenninger, Erik J. Hentz, Matthew G. TI Temperature studies with the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri: Cold hardiness and temperature thresholds for oviposition SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insecticide; cold acclimation; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; Huanglongbing ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HOMOPTERA; FLORIDA; BIOLOGY; MORTALITY; HEMIPTERA; FREEZES; CLIMATE; DISEASE; SPREAD AB This study was conducted to obtain information on the cold hardiness of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Florida and to assess upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition. The psyllid is an important pest in citrus because it transmits the bacterial pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease, Huanglongbing, considered the most serious citrus disease worldwide. D. citri was first found in Florida during 1998, and the disease was discovered during 2005. Little was known regarding cold hardiness of D. citri, but Florida citrus is occasionally subjected to notable freeze events. Temperature and duration were each significant sources of variation in percent mortality of D. citri subjected to freeze events. Relatively large percentages of adults and nymphs survived after being exposed for several hours to temperatures as low as -5 to -6 degrees C. Relatively large percentages of eggs hatched after being exposed for several hours to temperatures as low as -8 degrees C. Research results indicated that adult D. citri become cold acclimated during the winter through exposure to cooler winter temperatures. There was no evidence that eggs became cold acclimated during winter. Cold acclimation in nymphs was not investigated. Research with adult D. citri from laboratory and greenhouse colonies revealed that mild to moderate freeze events were usually nonlethal to the D. citri irrespective of whether they were cold acclimated or not. Upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition were investigated because such information may be valuable in explaining the geographic distribution and potential spread of the pest from Florida as well as how cooler winter temperatures might limit population growth. The estimated lower and upper thresholds for oviposition were 16.0 and 41.6 degrees C, respectively; the estimated temperature of peak oviposition over a 48 h period was 29.6 degrees C. C1 [Hall, David G.; Hentz, Matthew G.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Wenninger, Erik J.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2100 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM David.Hall@ars.usda.gov; erikw@uidaho.edu; Matt.Hentz@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUL 2 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 83 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 786QE UT WOS:000292322200003 PM 21870969 ER PT J AU Klutsch, JG Battaglia, MA West, DR Costello, SL Negron, JF AF Klutsch, Jennifer G. Battaglia, Mike A. West, Daniel R. Costello, Sheryl L. Negron, Jose F. TI Evaluating Potential Fire Behavior in Lodgepole Pine-Dominated Forests after a Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic in North-Central Colorado SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; Dendroctonus ponderosae; fire types; species composition; Pinus contorta ID CROWN FIRE; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; OUTBREAK; WILDFIRE; HISTORY; FUELS; WEST AB A mountain pine beetle outbreak in Colorado lodgepole pine forests has altered stand and fuel characteristics that affect potential fire behavior. Using the Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator, potential fire behavior was modeled for uninfested and mountain pine beetle-affected plots 7 years after outbreak initiation and 10 and 80% projected tree fall using measured and projected fuel and stand characteristics. Under 90th percentile weather conditions, uninfested plots exhibited proportionally more crown fire than infested plots. Plots predicted to have crown fire were composed mainly of nonhost conifer species and had a lower and more continuous canopy than infested plots. Where surface fire was predicted to occur, live lodgepole pine was the only conifer present, and plots had significantly lower tree mortality from fire than plots predicted to have crown fire. Mountain pine beetle-induced changes in stand and fuel characteristics resulted in increased intensity of surface fire behavior. Furthermore, with 80% infested tree fall, potential smoke production was predicted to be higher. Tree species composition of stands pre and postbark beetle outbreak is important when identifying mountain pine beetle-caused changes to potential fire behavior. C1 [Klutsch, Jennifer G.; Battaglia, Mike A.; West, Daniel R.; Negron, Jose F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Costello, Sheryl L.] US Forest Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Klutsch, JG (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, ESB442, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM jklutsch@gmail.com OI Klutsch, Jennifer/0000-0001-8839-972X FU Forest Health Evaluation Monitoring Program; Forest Health Protection; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX This study was supported by a grant from the Forest Health Evaluation Monitoring Program, Forest Health Protection, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station. We thank the following individuals for fieldwork: John Popp, Kerry Webster, Meg Halford, Joseph Hansen, Silas Davidson, and Mario Mora. We also thank Jenny Briggs, Wayne Shepperd, Paul Langowski, Betsy Goodrich, Erin Noonan-Wright, and two anonymous reviewers for comments and manuscript review on this project and Rudy King and Laurie Porth for statistical consultation. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910PO UT WOS:000301652000001 ER PT J AU Ryan, CM Cerveny, LK AF Ryan, Clare M. Cerveny, Lee K. TI Wildland Fire Science for Management: Federal Fire Manager Information Needs, Sources, and Uses SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildfire management; decisionmaking; social science ID NATURAL-RESOURCE; RESPONSE RATES AB A Web-based survey of wildland fire managers in federal agencies in the western United States explored fire science information needs and sources, why particular sources are used, and barriers to obtaining and using information. The fire managers we surveyed rely heavily on internal agency information sources (colleagues, technical experts, and resource advisors) and are more likely to face barriers in their ability to access and use relevant information (lack of time, funding, and personnel) than problems with the quality or availability of data. Information accessibility and applicability are important to managers when deciding which information sources to use. Managers frequently access research provided by US Forest Service Research and Development specialists and university scientists through various publications, the Internet, and direct communication with scientists. Understanding the types of information fire managers need, the sources they access for information, and the barriers they face in obtaining and using information may lead to improved fire science and its dissemination, as well as more effective and efficient fire management. C1 [Ryan, Clare M.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Ryan, CM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cmryan@uw.edu OI Ryan, Clare/0000-0003-0986-6110 FU US Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; University of Washington FX We thank all of the busy fire managers who took time from their schedules to participate in our survey. We also thank Anna Hohl, who administered the survey and conducted the majority of the data analysis. The US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the University of Washington's Royalty Research Fund provided partial funding for this study. The views expressed here are those of the authors alone. We appreciate the four anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments and suggestions and greatly improved the manuscript. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910PO UT WOS:000301652000004 ER PT J AU Jaglic, Z Jeklova, E Christensen, H Leva, L Register, K Kummer, V Kucerova, Z Faldyna, M Maskova, J Nedbalcova, K AF Jaglic, Zoran Jeklova, Edita Christensen, Henrik Leva, Lenka Register, Karen Kummer, Vladimir Kucerova, Zdenka Faldyna, Martin Maskova, Jarmila Nedbalcova, Katerina TI Host response in rabbits to infection with Pasteurella multocida serogroup F strains originating from fowl cholera SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID PORCINE ORIGIN; MYXOMA VIRUS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; PATHOGENICITY; PROTECTION; SEROTYPES; BOVINE; OVINE AB Although Pasteurella multocida serogroup F has been described as an avian-adapted serogroup, it was recently found in rabbit nests in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the ability of 2 avian P. multocida serogroup F strains to induce disease in rabbits was investigated. Two groups of 18 Pasteurella-free rabbits were intranasally challenged with strains isolated from chickens and turkeys. Half of the animals in each challenge group were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone. All of the challenged rabbits exhibited clinical signs of peracute septicemic disease, ending with shock, and died or were euthanized in the terminal stages of the disease 1 to 2 d post-infection. Gross pathological changes included systemic vascular collapse and vascular leak syndrome. Hyperemia, hemorrhage, edema, inflammatory cell infiltrates, focal necrosis, and degenerative changes were observed histologically in parenchymatous organs. This is the first study directly demonstrating that avian P. multocida serogroup F strains are highly virulent in rabbits and that avian hosts cannot be excluded as a possible source of rabbit infection with serogroup F. C1 [Jaglic, Zoran; Jeklova, Edita; Leva, Lenka; Kummer, Vladimir; Kucerova, Zdenka; Faldyna, Martin; Maskova, Jarmila; Nedbalcova, Katerina] Vet Res Inst, Brno 62100, Czech Republic. [Christensen, Henrik] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Vet Dis Biol Ctr Appl Bioinformat Life Sci, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Register, Karen] ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Jaglic, Z (reprint author), Vet Res Inst, Hudcova 70, Brno 62100, Czech Republic. EM jaglic@vri.cz FU Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [524/05/2714]; Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic [MZe0002716202]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CZ 1.05/2.1.00/01.0006, ED 0006/01/01] FX The authors thank E. Kotlarova and R. Ondriasova for their indispensable technical assistance and I. Rychlik for critical reading of the manuscript. The work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (project 524/05/2714), Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (project MZe0002716202), and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project CZ 1.05/2.1.00/01.0006; ED 0006/01/01 AdmireVet). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 3 BP 200 EP 208 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 881YL UT WOS:000299528000006 PM 22210996 ER PT J AU Yan, L Combs, GF DeMars, LC Johnson, LK AF Yan, Lin Combs, Gerald F., Jr. DeMars, Lana C. Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Effects of the Physical Form of the Diet on Food Intake, Growth, and Body Composition Changes in Mice SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MAILLARD REACTION; INDUCED OBESITY; PURIFIED DIETS; HIGH-FAT; LEPTIN; METASTASIS; RECEPTOR; ALPHA; CATS AB The present study investigated effects of the physical form of the diet on food intake, growth, and body composition in male C57BL/6 mice. Three-week-old mice were fed isocaloric diets (AIN93G or a modification containing 25% wheat) in powdered or pelleted form. In experiment 1, mice were assigned into 4 groups offered the AIN93G or the wheat-modified diet in powdered or pelleted form. In experiment 2, mice were pair-fed the powdered diets to the ad libitum level of food intake of those fed the pelleted form of the respective diets. Body weight, food intake, and fecal excretion were recorded, and body composition was assessed on mice 1 wk before termination of the experiment. Mice fed the powdered diets showed greater increases in body weight in 2 wk of feeding than did mice fed the pelleted diets. Compared with the pelleted diets, the powdered diets supported an approximately 85% increase in the fat-mass:body-mass ratio and a 2-fold increase in the abdominal-fat-weight:carcass-weight ratio. In addition, mice fed the powdered diet showed significantly greater plasma concentrations of insulin and leptin and significantly lower plasma adiponectin, compared with their pellet-fed counterparts. Food intake of mice fed the powdered diet was 11% greater for the AIN93G and 16% greater for the wheat diet compared with that of the respective pelleted diet. These results demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice responded to the physical form of these diets in terms of food intake, which affected their growth, body composition, and plasma concentrations of insulin and adipocytokines. C1 [Yan, Lin; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.; DeMars, Lana C.; Johnson, LuAnn K.] Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lin.yan@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU US Department of Agriculture, ARS [5450-51000-036-00D] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture, ARS, research project 5450-51000-036-00D. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 50 IS 4 BP 488 EP 494 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 875JP UT WOS:000299026500010 PM 21838977 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Brumley, JA Guedot, C Wanner, K Morales, A AF Landolt, P. J. Brumley, J. A. Guedot, C. Wanner, K. Morales, A. TI Male Fishia yosemitae (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Captured in Traps Baited with Z-7-dodecenyl Acetate and Z-9-tetradecenyl Acetate SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Fishia yosemitae; pheromone; attractant; trap; monitoring ID AGROTIS-SEGETUM LEPIDOPTERA; JACULIFERA GN LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; MOTHS; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTANTS; MIXTURES AB Traps baited with sex pheromone lures for the noctuid moths Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) and Feltia jaculifera (Guenee) captured males of the confamilial moth Fishia yosemitae (Grote). These lures were a mixture of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12Ac) and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14Ac). When these chemicals were tested as lures in traps, separately and together, F. yosemitae males were not captured in traps baited with Z7-12Ac alone, or Z-14Ac alone, but were consistently captured in traps baited with a one to one mixture of the two chemicals. In three field tests, male E yosemitae were trapped in late September and early October. This moth is not an agricultural pest, but may be captured in traps used to detect or monitor several important armyworm, cutworm, and looper pests of agricultural crops, interfering with the monitoring of those pests. C1 [Landolt, P. J.; Brumley, J. A.; Guedot, C.; Wanner, K.; Morales, A.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3 BP 184 EP 189 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 862FV UT WOS:000298076100004 ER PT J AU Springer, TL Puterka, GJ Maas, DL Thacker, ET AF Springer, T. L. Puterka, G. J. Maas, D. L. Thacker, E. T. TI The Southern Cornstalk Borer (Diatraea crambidoides (Grote), Lepidoptera: Crambidae) a New Pest of Eastern Gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L., Poaceae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Southern corn stalk borer; life stages; populations; Oklahoma; degree days ID CORN; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB The southern corn stalk borer [Diatraea crambidoides (Grote)] has become a serious pest to eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.]. Managing this insect will be important to the future of this forage crop in the United States. An experiment was conducted to understand the life cycle of the southern corn stalk borer infesting eastern gamagrass. For a two year period, four plant crowns which contained numerous shoots were dug randomly each week from a field plot located in Woodward, OK. All shoots from each crown were dissected and the number of larvae and pupae present was recorded for each shoot type, i.e., reproductive or vegetative shoot. The life stages of the southern corn stalk borer in eastern gamagrass can be described by three distinct populations in northwestern Oklahoma: a) over-wintering, b) first generation, and c) second generation. Over-wintering larvae feed within a cavity near the base of the shoot or within the proaxis. Pupation occurred within the feeding cavity. Larvae occurred in reproductive shoots 2.5 times more often than in the vegetative shoots, which suggested an oviposition preference by adult females for reproductive shoots. The life cycle of the southern corn stalk borer in eastern gamagrass was completed in about 911 cumulated growing degree days. Understanding the life cycle of this insect devastating to eastern gamagrass forage and seed production will help formulate methods of control. C1 [Springer, T. L.; Maas, D. L.; Thacker, E. T.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Puterka, G. J.] ARS, USDA, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 862FV UT WOS:000298076100007 ER PT J AU Wesener, MD Merritt, RW Campbell, EY Benbow, ME Norberg, EC Edwards, RT AF Wesener, Matthew D. Merritt, Richard W. Campbell, Emily Y. Benbow, M. Eric Norberg, Erik C. Edwards, Rick T. TI Hyporheic and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in glacial, clearwater, and brownwater streams in Alaska SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Macroinvertebrates; hyporheic zone; functional feeding group; Tongass National Forest ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ZONE; EXCHANGE; INVERTEBRATES; GROUNDWATER; SALMON; RIVERS; WATER; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB The macroinvertebrate communities of hyporheic and benthic habitats were investigated in relation to stream physicochemistry in glacial, clearwater, and brownwater stream types (n = 1) during the summer (June-August) of 2004 near Juneau, Alaska. Hyporheic macroinvertebrates were sampled using a series of PVC wells driven into parafluvial bars in the three stream types. Benthic invertebrates were collected using Hess samples from the stream channel adjacent to parafluvial well locations to compare surface macroinvertebrate communities to that of the hyporheic communities. Temperature, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and total nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the brownwater stream compared to the other stream types. Hyporheic macroinvertebrate density was 88% higher in the brownwater stream, despite significantly lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, Benthic macroinvertebrate density was 95% greater in the brownwater stream type than the benthos of the two other stream types. Benthic and hyporheic samples were collector-gatherer driven and the hyporheic zone was functionally more diverse than the benthic habitat with a similar taxa composition across all habitats and stream types. The study of aquatic ecosystems is especially important in Southeast Alaska, where the temperate rainforests are still relatively un-disturbed, and most watersheds still have healthy salmon runs. Our study provides useful data for future management and research in this unique ecoregion, which is predicted to experience substantial climatic changes in temperature and precipitation patterns in the future. C1 [Wesener, Matthew D.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Merritt, Richard W.; Campbell, Emily Y.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Benbow, M. Eric] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Norberg, Erik C.; Edwards, Rick T.] USFS, PNW Res Stn, Juneau Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wesener, MD (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM wesenerm@michigan.gov; merrittr@msu.edu; campb613@msu.edu; benbowme@notes.udayton.edu; norbergerik@yahoo.com; rtedwards@fs.fed.us FU Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service [JVA 03-JV-11261931-023] FX We are grateful to Michigan State University, Department of Entomology; J. Tomczak, B. Coggins and M. Marshall for assistance with field and laboratory work; W. Taylor, D. Hayes, M. McIntosh and the editor and 3 anonymous reviewers for advice and comments in previous drafts of this manuscript. This research was partially supported by JVA 03-JV-11261931-023 from the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 145 EP 160 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 876XJ UT WOS:000299140800001 ER PT J AU Cook, SP Birch, SM Merickel, FW Lowe, CC Page-Dumroese, D AF Cook, Stephen P. Birch, Sara M. Merickel, Frank W. Lowe, Carrie Caselton Page-Dumroese, Deborah TI Bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) community structure on two sagebrush steppe sites in southern Idaho SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bombus; Artemesia; pollination; biodiversity; species richness ID BOMBUS SPP.; PAN TRAP; DECLINE; CONSERVATION; APIFORMES; DIVERSITY AB Although sagebrush, Artemisia spp., does not require an insect pollinator, there are several native species of bumble bees, Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), that are present in sagebrush steppe ecosystems where they act as pollinators for various forbs and shrubs. These native pollinators contribute to plant productivity and reproduction. We captured 12 species of bumble bees (437 individuals) at two sites during this study. The three most commonly captured species of Bombus at the first site (Red Mountain in the Targhee-Caribou National Forest) were B. rufocinctus Cresson, B. fervidus and B. melanopygus Nylander. Bombus fervidus dominated the trap catch at the second site (Lave Lake Land and Livestock) followed by B. rufocinctus and B. californicus consanguineus Smith. When numerous species of bumble bees co-occur on a given site, the community must have some mechanism for partitioning the available resources for the coexistence to occur. Along with temporal separation that was demonstrated by monthly differences in the capture of several of the individual species of bumble bees at both study sites, differences in capture or individual species of bumble bees was influenced by trap color. The differences observed among the species of Bombus we captured at the two sites may serve to limit competitive interactions among some of the species. Further, more bumble bees were captured in traps placed in the plots with the lowest percentage of sagebrush in the canopy. The results suggest that sagebrush steppe habitats can harbor a diverse community of native bumble bees and that multiple Bombus species can coexist on these sites. To maintain these diverse bumble bee communities, some portion of the sites should be managed to have little to no sagebrush in the canopy. C1 [Cook, Stephen P.; Merickel, Frank W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Birch, Sara M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Lowe, Carrie Caselton] Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Page-Dumroese, Deborah] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Cook, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. FU University of Idaho; NSF-EPSCoR; USDA-McIntire Stennis; USDA-Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We would like to thank Targhee-Caribou National Forest and Lava Lake Land and Livestock for allowing us to conduct the study on these sites and the USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect Research Unit for help in species identification. We also thank Jody Anderson, Ashley Lange, Kendra Schotzko and Michael Coey for field and laboratory assistance. Voucher specimens have been placed in the William Barr Insect Museum at the University of Idaho. The project was supported in part by the University of Idaho along with funding provided by the NSF-EPSCoR program, USDA-McIntire Stennis and the USDA-Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 161 EP 171 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 876XJ UT WOS:000299140800002 ER PT J AU Hnasko, R Serban, AV Carlson, G Prusiner, SB Stanker, LH AF Hnasko, Robert Serban, Ana V. Carlson, George Prusiner, Stanley B. Stanker, Larry H. TI Generation of antisera to purified prions in lipid rafts (vol 4, pg 94, 2010) SO PRION LA English DT Correction C1 [Hnasko, Robert; Stanker, Larry H.] USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Serban, Ana V.; Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Carlson, George] McLaughlin Res Inst, Great Falls, MT USA. RP Stanker, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. EM Larry.Stanker@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 J9 PRION JI Prion PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 235 EP 235 DI 10.4161/pri.5.3.17416 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 873YK UT WOS:000298921800018 ER PT J AU Lelito, JP Domingue, MJ Fraser, I Mastro, VC Tumlinson, JH Baker, TC AF Lelito, Jonathan P. Domingue, Michael J. Fraser, Ivich Mastro, Victor C. Tumlinson, James H. Baker, Thomas C. TI Field investigation of mating behaviour of Agrilus cyanescens and Agrilus subcinctus SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID EMERALD ASH BORER; BILINEATUS WEBER COLEOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENT; PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; CHESTNUT BORER; BUPRESTIDAE; ATTRACTION; FAIRMAIRE AB We examined mate-finding behaviour in Agrilus subcinctus Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Agrilus cyanescens Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in ash (Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae)) stands in the Great Lakes region of the United States of America. Dead specimens of both species were affixed to ash foliage to serve as models to test visual stimulation of aerial attraction of males. The models were washed in dichloromethane to remove cuticular lipids or were left unwashed, to test for the presence of close-range pheromonal cues. Males of both species located females via a visually guided aerial approach from up to 1 m above females, similar to the behaviour of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire. When male A. subcinctus or A. cyanescens made contact with females, contact sex pheromones mediated subsequent copulation behaviour. During their visually mediated airborne descent and landing, male A. cyanescens landed directly on female models; whereas, male A. subcinctus landed significantly more often on the leaf surface supporting a model. Male A. subcintus performed precopulatory pounce behaviour on female models after assessing surface chemical cues with their antennae. Male A. cyanescens landed upon a variety of models, but after landing, rejected a significant proportion of models lacking female A. cyanescens cuticular lipids. C1 [Domingue, Michael J.; Tumlinson, James H.; Baker, Thomas C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lelito, Jonathan P.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Emerald Ash Borer Program, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. [Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, MA 02542 USA. [Mastro, Victor C.] Otis Lab, Quarantine Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, MA 02542 USA. RP Baker, TC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tcb10@psu.edu RI Domingue, Michael/G-1361-2011 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 143 IS 4 BP 370 EP 379 DI 10.4039/n11-011 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 852XF UT WOS:000297390100005 ER PT J AU Turner, T Burri, BJ AF Turner, Tami Burri, Betty J. TI Orange sweet potatoes are an excellent source of vitamin A SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article ID MOZAMBIQUE; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; FOOD; WOMEN; CROP AB Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required for proper growth and development, vision, red blood cell production, and immune function. An estimated 208 million women and children suffer from vitamin A deficiency worldwide, making vitamin A deficiency a public health problem in numerous countries. Several carotenoids, including beta-carotene, can convert to vitamin A in the body. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes contain high concentrations of beta-carotene, and have succeeded in improving human vitamin A status in several small-scale food-based interventions. We estimated the amounts of orange sweet potatoes needed to provide sufficient vitamin A for individuals and at the international level. The amounts required can reasonably be provided by orange sweet potato making it an excellent source of vitamin A. C1 [Turner, Tami; Burri, Betty J.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 1722-6996 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 829KO UT WOS:000295579200005 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TS Walck, JL Hidayati, SN AF Hawkins, Tracy S. Walck, Jeffrey L. Hidayati, Siti N. TI Seed ecology of Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) as it relates to rarity of the species SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE endangered species; germination; nondeep physiological dormancy; pondberry ID COMPETITIVE ABILITIES; ENDANGERED PONDBERRY; GERMINATION; DORMANCY; PLANTS; ETHYLENE; GROWTH; FOREST; RARE; BANK AB HAWKINS, T. S. (USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottom land Hardwoods Research, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762), J. L. WALCK, AND S. N. HIDAYATI (Department of Biology, P.O. Box 60, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132). Seed ecology of Lindero melissifolia as it relates to rarity of the species. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 138: 298-307. 2011.-The seed ecology of the federally endangered shrub, Lindero melissifolia was investigated to determine if this aspect of the species life history contributes to the rarity of the species. Lindero melissifolia has the capacity to form a short-lived (two growing seasons) persistent soil seed bank if fruit pulp remains on seeds following dispersal and subsequent winter flooding occurs. Seeds, both with or without pulp (i.e., mesocarp and exocarp), exhibited tolerance to submergence, but were not hydrochorous. Following 6-12 weeks cold stratification (5 degrees or 5/1 degrees C) or submersion in cold water (5/1 degrees C) for 12 weeks, >= 63% of seeds germinated when incubated in light and at temperatures of 35/20 degrees and 30/20 degrees C. When incubated in darkness, 100% of seeds germinated following 6 weeks of cold stratification. Giberrelic acid was moderately effective in breaking dormancy. Collectively, our results indicate that seeds of L. melissifolia have nondeep physiological dormancy. Aspects of the seed ecology of L. melissifolia that may contribute to continued rarity of the species include absence of a long-term persistent soil seed bank, no obvious mechanism of long-distance dispersal, and late season germination that prevents seedling growth to a sufficient size for survival prior to cold temperatures and flooding. C1 [Hawkins, Tracy S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Walck, Jeffrey L.; Hidayati, Siti N.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Hawkins, TS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM tracyhawkins@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 138 IS 3 BP 298 EP 307 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840ZX UT WOS:000296482600005 ER PT J AU Kain, M Battaglia, L Royo, A Carson, WP AF Kain, Morgan Battaglia, Loretta Royo, Alejandro Carson, Walter P. TI Over-browsing in Pennsylvania creates a depauperate forest dominated by an understory tree: Results from a 60-year-old deer exclosure SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Acer pensylvanicum; Cornus alternifolia; Fagus grandfolia; over browsing; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST; BEECH BARK DISEASE; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; SHADE-TOLERANCE; REFUGIA; COMMUNITIES; IMPACTS; REGENERATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB KAIN, M. (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A234 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260), L. BATTAGLIA (Department of Plant Biology, University of Southern Illinois Carbondale, 0411 Life Science II, Carbondale, IL 62901), A. A. ROYO (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Lab, P.O. Box 267, Irvine, PA 16329-0267), AND W. P. CARSON (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A234 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260). Over-browsing in Pennsylvania creates a low density, depauperate forest dominated by an understory tree: results from a 60-year-old deer exclosure. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 138: 322-326. 2011.-We evaluated the impact of long-term over-browsing by white-tailed deer on the diversity and density of trees in a forest in the Allegheny High Plateau region of central Pennsylvania. We compared tree diversity and density inside a 60 year-old deer exclosure to an adjacent reference site. Browsing caused a 55-100% decline in density of four tree species (Prunus serotina, Acer saccharum, Betula lenta, Cornus alternifolia) and created a forest dominated (> 70% of all stems) by Acer pensylvanicum, an understory tree that is known to be highly browse-tolerant. The total density of trees that are capable of ascending into the canopy (i.e., non subcanopy tree species) declined by 85%. Browsing caused a significant decline in both mean species richness and Shannon diversity and created communities that contrasted significantly in tree species composition (ANOSIM, R = 0.8105, P < 0.0001). Our results suggest that long-term over-browsing can create low density, depauperate communities where dominance is concentrated in only a few browse-resistant species (Acer pensylvanicum and Fagus grandifolia; 82% of all individuals vs. 37% inside the exclosure). We suggest that this may lead to novel forest dynamics in the event of a large canopy disturbance because these two species were never co-dominant in this region and the beech saplings (typically root sprouts) will likely succumb to future bouts of beech bark disease. Our results combined with those of many other studies call for the long-term reduction in the size of the deer herd throughout this region. C1 [Kain, Morgan; Carson, Walter P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Battaglia, Loretta] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Royo, Alejandro] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Kain, M (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, A234 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM mpk29@pitt.edu RI Carson, Walter/A-2569-2013 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 46 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 138 IS 3 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840ZX UT WOS:000296482600007 ER PT J AU Zhang, XS Srinivasan, R Arnold, J Izaurralde, RC Bosch, D AF Zhang, Xuesong Srinivasan, Raghavan Arnold, Jeff Izaurralde, R. Cesar Bosch, David TI Simultaneous calibration of surface flow and baseflow simulations: a revisit of the SWAT model calibration framework SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE multi-objective optimization; SWAT; uncertainty analysis; physically oriented calibration ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; VALIDATION; BEHAVIOR; AREA AB Accurate analysis of water flow pathways from rainfall to streams is critical for simulating water use, climate change impact, and contaminants transport. In this study, we developed a new scheme to simultaneously calibrate surface flow (SF) and baseflow (BF) simulations of soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) by combing evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) and BF separation techniques. The application of this scheme demonstrated pronounced trade-off of SWAT's performance on SF and BF simulations. The simulated major water fluxes and storages variables (e.g. soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and groundwater) using the multiple parameters from EMO span wide ranges. Uncertainty analysis was conducted by Bayesian model averaging of the Pareto optimal solutions. The 90% confidence interval (CI) estimated using all streamflows substantially overestimate the uncertainty of low flows on BF days while underestimating the uncertainty of high flows on SF days. Despite using statistical criteria calculated based on streamflow for model selection, it is important to conduct diagnostic analysis of the agreement of SWAT behaviour and actual watershed dynamics. The new calibration technique can serve as a useful tool to explore the tradeoff between SF and BF simulations and provide candidates for further diagnostic assessment and model identification. Copyright. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Xuesong; Izaurralde, R. Cesar] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Arnold, Jeff] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Bosch, David] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xuesong.zhang@pnl.gov RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2313 EP 2320 DI 10.1002/hyp.8058 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 789YF UT WOS:000292554800014 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Schwab, EB Arriaga, FJ Balkcom, KS Price, AJ Kornecki, TS AF Raper, R. L. Schwab, E. B. Arriaga, F. J. Balkcom, K. S. Price, A. J. Kornecki, T. S. TI EFFECTS OF COVER CROP REMOVAL ON A COTTON-PEANUT ROTATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy. Biomass; Cone index; Harvest; In-row subsoiling; Soil compaction ID SOIL; BIOMASS; COST AB The southeastern U.S. has a tremendous potential to grow a biomass crop during winter months when cash crops are not normally produced. These cover crops have proven to be extremely valuable to reduce soil erosion and improve soil quality. However, an opportunity to potentially harvest a portion of the cover crop for bioenergy purposes exists and needs to be considered to maximize the production potential of southeastern soils. An experiment was performed to determine if harvesting these cover crops could adversely affect soil properties or subsequent cash and cover crop yields. The experiment also included the effects of conducting an in-row subsoiling operation at different times of the year Results from cone index measurements indicated that soil strength was significantly increased when the cover crop was harvested and not left on the soil surface to decompose. Not surprisingly, cotton and peanut cash crop yields declined by an average of 9% when the cover crop was harvested. Succeeding cover crop yields were also reduced by 17% due to the harvesting of previous cover crops. Conducting an in-row subsoiling operation in the fall of the year prior to planting the cover crop increased cover crop biomass by more than 18% over spring in-row subsoiling but had little impact on cash crop yields. Recommendations from this study should include a caution to producers who may want to consider their cover crops as a potential bioenergy crop. Reductions in both cash and cover crop production can result if cover crops are harvested instead of left on the surface to enhance soil quality. Additionally, scheduling a necessary in-row subsoiling operation in the fall of the year instead of waiting until the spring will improve cover crop yields. C1 [Raper, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Schwab, E. B.] USDA, NRCS, Auburn, AL USA. [Arriaga, F. J.; Balkcom, K. S.; Price, A. J.; Kornecki, T. S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 So St Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM Randy.raper@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1218 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300004 ER PT J AU Thistle, HW Strom, B Strand, T Peterson, HG Lamb, BK Edburg, S Allwine, G AF Thistle, H. W. Strom, B. Strand, T. Peterson, H. G. Lamb, B. K. Edburg, S. Allwine, G. TI ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION FROM A POINT SOURCE IN FOUR SOUTHERN PINE THINNING SCENARIOS: BASIC RELATIONSHIPS AND CASE STUDIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric tracer; Canopy dispersion; Forest canopy; Stand thinning ID CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; FOREST CANOPY; MODEL; PREDICTIONS; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; DEPOSITION; TURBULENCE; BEETLE; SPRAY AB An atmospheric tracer experiment using SF(6) was designed to assess changes in the dispersive environment in the trunk space of a southern pine forest through four thinning regimes. Over 6000 mean half-hourly tracer samples were collected and analyzed along with a high-frequency time series of tracer concentration sampling at 1 Hz over the course of the trials. The experimental plot was thinned in four stages, from a state of dense boles and thick understory, >32.1 m(2) ha(-1) (140 ft(2) ac(-1)) basal area, to a final basal area of 16.1 m(2) ha(-1) (70 ft(2) ac(-1)) with understory removed. In this study, plume dilution in the unthinned stand followed previously observed relationships; however, thinned stands deviated from expectations. The in-canopy atmosphere was largely coupled with the above-canopy atmosphere once a basal area of 23.0 m(2) ha(-1) (100 ft(2) ac(-1)) or lower was attained, so additional tree removal had less effect in changing the in-canopy environment. Dispersion exhibited surprisingly strong, near-linear relationships with stand density. C1 [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, FHTET, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Strom, B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. [Strand, T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Peterson, H. G.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Butte, MT USA. [Lamb, B. K.; Allwine, G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Edburg, S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Thistle, HW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, FHTET, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM hthistle@fs.fed.us FU Forest Health Protection; [USDA-FS-FHTET-FHP-TD.00.M03]; [USDA-FS-RWU-4501]; [USDA-FS-Region 8] FX We would like to acknowledge the work of Anna Carter and Kyle Heitkamp (Montana Technical University), Theo Leonard and Rachael Allwine (Washington State University), Scott Gilmour, Wes Throop, Jim Kautz, and Mike Huey (USDA Forest Service, MTDC, Missoula, Mont.), and R. Arnold and S. Walters (USDA Forest Service, SRS, Pineville, La.) in field sampling and organization as well as Denise Billion for layout support. We thank Robert Howell, Frank Yerby, and Jim Meeker for support and local arrangements as well as the remaining staff of the Winn District of the Kisatchie National Forest. This work was supported under USDA-FS-FHTET-FHP-TD.00.M03, USDA-FS-RWU-4501, and USDA-FS-Region 8, Forest Health Protection. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1219 EP 1236 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300005 ER PT J AU Vogel, JR Gilley, JE Cottrell, GL Woodbury, BL Berry, ED Eigenberg, RA AF Vogel, J. R. Gilley, J. E. Cottrell, G. L. Woodbury, B. L. Berry, E. D. Eigenberg, R. A. TI TRANSPORT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN RUNOFF FROM UNAMENDED AND POND-ASH AMENDED FEEDLOT SURFACES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Feedlots; Manure runoff; Pond ash; Runoff; Trace elements; Water quality ID AUSTRALIAN FLY ASHES; HEAVY-METALS; CATTLE FEEDLOT; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; COAL COMBUSTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLOT-SCALE; SOIL AB The use of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds for storage and subsequently dewatered) for feedlot surfaces provides a drier environment for livestock and furnishes economic benefits. However, pond ash is known to have high concentrations of trace elements, and the runoff water-quality effects of feedlot surfaces amended with pond ash are not well defined. For this study, two experimental units (plots) were established in eight feedlot pens. Four of the pens contained unamended soil surfaces, and the remaining four pens had pond-ash amended surfaces. Before each test, unconsolidated surface material was removed from four of the plots for each of the amendment treatments, resulting in eight unamended plots and eight pond-ash amended plots. Concentrations for 23 trace elements were measured in cattle feedlot surface material and in the runoff water from three simulated rainfall events. Trace element concentrations in surface material and runoff did not differ between surface consolidation treatments. Amending the feedlot surface material with pond ash resulted in a significant increase in concentration for 14 of the 17 trace elements. Runoff concentrations for 21 trace elements were affected by pond-ash amendment. Sixteen of 21 trace element concentrations that differed significantly were greater in runoff from unamended soil surfaces. Concentrations in runoff were significantly correlated with concentrations in feedlot surface material for boron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and uranium. C1 [Vogel, J. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Gilley, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Cottrell, G. L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Woodbury, B. L.; Berry, E. D.; Eigenberg, R. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Vogel, JR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jason.vogel@okstate.edu NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1269 EP 1279 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300009 ER PT J AU Wang, X Kannan, N Santhi, C Potter, SR Williams, JR Arnold, JG AF Wang, X. Kannan, N. Santhi, C. Potter, S. R. Williams, J. R. Arnold, J. G. TI INTEGRATING APEX OUTPUT FOR CULTIVATED CROPLAND WITH SWAT SIMULATION FOR REGIONAL MODELING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE APEX; Conservation practice; Mississippi River basin; Sediment delivery ratio; SWAT; Water yield ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT DELIVERY PROBLEM; WATER-QUALITY; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; NONPOINT SOURCES; SOUTHERN PLAINS; LAKE PEPIN; SOIL AB The purpose of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) cropland national assessment is to quantify the environmental benefits of conservation programs at the regional and national levels, which include both onsite and instream water quality benefits. Modeling is an effective tool for environmental assessment at the regional and national scale due to the complexities in nature at this scale. Two simulation models, the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), were used for the CEAP cropland national assessment. A subset of National Resources Inventory (NRI) sample points was selected to serve as "representative fields" for the CEAP cropland survey to determine conservation practices currently in use. The NRI-CEAP points for cultivated cropland were simulated using APEX. The APEX results were aggregated and combined with modeling results from SWAT for uncultivated land uses. The combined modeling results at 8-digit watershed outlets were routed downstream in SWAT for estimating the offsite effects of conservation practices. The regional modeling involved three major steps: APEX setup for simulating conservation practices, calibration of water yield at the 8-digit watershed level (1961-1990), and development of sediment delivery ratios (SDR) for transporting sediment from cultivated cropland and uncultivated land to the 8-digit watershed outlet before combining model outputs for further routing downstream. The objective of this article is to address the use of APEX to model CEAP cultivated cropland, APEX simulation of conservation practices, and SDR development and to test the combined modeling of flow and sediment yield for the upper Mississippi River basin. Simulated annual and monthly flows at key gauging stations along the river basin and annual sediment yields at Valley City and Alton/Grafton, Illinois, were compared with observed values. Test results are promising for using the combined modeling systems for large-scale studies and for performing scenario analyses to evaluate conservation practices. The limitations of this national modeling include the uncertainties associated with data (channel dimensions, conditions of structural practices) and the inability to account for streambank and channel erosion at the 8-digit watershed level. Therefore, while using absolute predictions for individual scenarios, consideration should be given to various uncertainties. Both data updating and the development of an enhanced SWAT model with streambank/channel erosion components and particle size distribution are underway for reducing the level of uncertainty in future national-scale modeling efforts. C1 [Wang, X.; Kannan, N.; Santhi, C.; Williams, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Potter, S. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Water Management & Hydrol Sci Program, College Stn, TX USA. [Arnold, J. G.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM swang@brc.tamus.edu NR 74 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1298 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300010 ER PT J AU Amatya, DM Jha, M Edwards, AE Williams, TM Hitchcock, DR AF Amatya, D. M. Jha, M. Edwards, A. E. Williams, T. M. Hitchcock, D. R. TI SWAT-BASED STREAMFLOW AND EMBAYMENT MODELING OF KARST-AFFECTED CHAPEL BRANCH WATERSHED, SOUTH CAROLINA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Deep percolation; Groundwater (baseflow); Hydrologic models; Lake Marion; Losing streams; Runoff; Saturated conductivity; TMDL; Upper coastal plain ID COASTAL-PLAIN; FLOW; UNCERTAINTY; DISCHARGE; SUBDIVISION; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; SEDIMENT AB SWAT is a GIS-based basin-scale model widely used for the characterization of hydrology and water quality of large, complex watersheds; however, SWAT has not been fully tested in watersheds with karst geomorphology and downstream reservoir-like embayment. In this study, SWAT was applied to test its ability to predict monthly streamflow dynamics for a 1,555 ha karst watershed, Chapel Branch Creek, which drains to a large embayment and is comprised of highly diverse land uses. SWAT was able to accurately simulate the monthly streamflow at a cave spring (CS) outlet draining mostly agricultural and forested lands and a golf course plus an unknown groundwater discharging area, only after adding known monthly subsurface inputs as a point source at that location. Monthly streamflows at two other locations, both with multiple land uses, were overpredicted when lower lake levels were prevalent as a result of surface water flow to groundwater (losing streams). The model underpredicted the flows during rising lake levels, likely due to high conductivity and also a deep percolation coefficient representing flow lost to shallow and deep groundwater. At the main watershed outlet, a wide section performing as a reservoir embayment (R-E), the model was able to more accurately simulate the measured mean monthly outflows. The R-E storage was estimated by using a daily water balance approach with upstream inflows, rainfall, and PET as inputs and using parameters obtained by bathymetric survey, LiDAR, and downstream lake level data. Results demonstrated the substantial influence of the karst features in the water balance, with conduit and diffuse flow as an explanation for the missing upstream flows appearing via subsurface conveyance to the downstream cave spring, thus providing a more accurate simulation at the embayment outlet. Results also highlighted the influences of downstream lake levels and karst voids/conduits on the watershed hydrologic balance. Simulation performance of hydrology could be improved with more accurate DEMs obtained from LiDAR for karst feature identification and related modification of SWAT parameters. This SWAT modeling effort may have implications on nutrient and sediment loading estimates for TMDL development and implementation in karst watersheds with large downstream embayments that have significant changes in water level due to adjoining lakes. C1 [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Jha, M.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Edwards, A. E.] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Hitchcock, D. R.] Clemson Univ, Georgetown, SC USA. RP Amatya, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 3734 Highway 402, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. EM damatya@fs.fed.us FU South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental [EQ-7-514, 4OFY06]; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station [06-CO-11330135-122] FX This work was made possible by support from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control's 319 Grant Agreement No. EQ-7-514 (Project No. 4OFY06). The authors would like to acknowledge Liz Mihalik (former College of Charleston graduate student), Dr. Norm Levine (associate professor, College of Charleston), Santee Cooper, the town of Santee, South Carolina State Park, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Santee Golf National, Orangeburg County Soil Conservation District, South Carolina DOT, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Andy Harrison, Hydrotech, U.S. Forest Service, David Joyner (former College of Charleston graduate student), and Weyerhaeuser Company for their various levels of support and contribution during the project study phase. This work was made possible by support from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control's 319 Grant Agreement #EQ-7-514(Project # 4OFY06) through a contract agreement # 06-CO-11330135-122 with USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1311 EP 1323 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300012 ER PT J AU Hubbart, JA Link, TE Elliot, WJ AF Hubbart, J. A. Link, T. E. Elliot, W. J. TI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE WEPP SNOWMELT SIMULATIONS IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Forest management; Snowmelt modeling; WEPP ID WATER-BALANCE; CANOPY COVER; MODEL; EROSION; ENERGY; RUNOFF; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS; CATCHMENT; REGION AB The ability to predict snow accumulation and melt in complex vegetated terrain is critical for effective water supply, water quality, and forest land management. Accurate numerical simulation of these processes is important for erosion and sedimentation modeling in the mountainous western U.S., where snow processes dominate the winter phase of the hydrologic cycle. This work assessed approaches to adjust meteorological data and canopy parameterizations to improve Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) snowmelt model predictions and to identify areas in which to focus future model development efforts. Four data modification approaches were used that represented a range of operator cost and effort. Approaches included direct application of: (1) nearby climate data, (2) empirically derived precipitation adjustment factors based on snowpack measurements, (3) custom climate data collected at the site of interest, and (4) adjusted canopy cover factors. Site-specific climate and calibrated canopy parameters produced the best simulation of snowcover duration and melt rate but underestimated peak snow water equivalent (SWE) by approximately 1%, 34%, and 40% in clearcut, partially cut, and fully forested sites, respectively. The best simulation produced time to snowpack depletion from peak SWE of 11, 15, and 45 days earlier than observed in clearcut, partial cut, and full forest, respectively. Results illustrate the difficulties of simulating snowpack dynamics with WEPP in forested mountainous systems of the interior Pacific Northwest where air temperatures are close to 0 degrees C during snow deposition. Although improvements in simulation accuracy are needed in forests, the proposed methods can improve confidence in WEPP snowpack simulations or be applied to other models to improve predictions in complex snow-dominated systems. C1 [Hubbart, J. A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Link, T. E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Elliot, W. J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Hubbart, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203-Q ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hubbartj@missouri.edu RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 FU Rocky Mountain Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service; USFS [03-JV-11222065-068]; USDA-CSREES [2003-01264] FX Gratitude is extended to Potlatch Corporation for designing and implementing the MCEW and for access to the experimental site. A great deal of appreciation is extended to the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service for funding and project support. This research was funded by USFS Research Joint Venture Agreement No. 03-JV-11222065-068 and USDA-CSREES 2003-01264. Gratitude is also extended to John Gravelle, Justin Broglio, Enhao Du, and Mike Bobbitt for field support, and to multiple reviewers, including Katy Kavanagh, Jan Boll, and three anonymous reviewers whose feedback and insights greatly improved the clarity and quality of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1333 EP 1345 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300014 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Elliot, WJ Wagenbrenner, NS AF Foltz, R. B. Elliot, W. J. Wagenbrenner, N. S. TI SOIL EROSION MODEL PREDICTIONS USING PARENT MATERIAL/SOIL TEXTURE-BASED PARAMETERS COMPARED TO USING SITE-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Forest roads; Lake Tahoe; Parameterization; Process-based models; Soil erosion; WEPP ID SIMULATED RAINFALL EVALUATION; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; FOREST ROADS; NORTHERN THAILAND; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; ERODIBILITY; QUANTIFICATION; ACCURACY; RECOVERY AB Forested areas disturbed by access roads produce large amounts of sediment. One method to predict erosion and, hence, manage forest roads is the use of physically based soil erosion models. A perceived advantage of a physically based model is that it can be parameterized at one location and applied at another location with similar soil texture or geological parent material. To test this perception, a two-part study was conducted to compare soil erosion model predictions using parent material/soil texture-based parameters to predictions using site-specific parameters. The first step was to determine site-specific erosion parameters using rainfall simulation. The second step was to compare erosion model results for a typical road network using the two parameter sets. Lake Tahoe was chosen for the study because it had parent materials similar to sites where parameterization had been performed. The coefficient of variation in runoff and sediment mass from the Lake Tahoe rainfall simulations varied from 8% to 36%. These values, although smaller than those reported from natural rainfall studies, are an indication of the inherent variability of erosion measurements. Effective hydraulic conductivity determined by rainfall simulation for a granitic parent material at Lake Tahoe was greater than that for the similar parent material. A volcanic parent material from Lake Tahoe also had higher effective hydraulic conductivity than that for another volcanic parent material. Soil interrill erodibility values for granitic parent material were similar, while values for volcanic parent material were slightly greater for the Lake Tahoe soil. Only the effective hydraulic conductivity of the granitic parent material was statistically different at the 95% confidence level from the parent material/soil texture-based values. Process-based WEPP model predictions of runoff from a typical Lake Tahoe road network were 82% and 73% less for granitic and volcanic soils, respectively, when using the site-specific Lake Tahoe values compared to similar parent material values. Corresponding differences between sediment yields were 85% and 78% less. Most of the decrease was due to fewer snowmelt runoff events. The inherent variability in soil erosion measurements results in a corresponding variability in erosion model parameters derived from those measurements. As a result, model predictions have an inherent accuracy range. In this Lake Tahoe study, the erosion measurement variability resulted in a WEPP model prediction range of approximately +/- 75% of the mean for both runoff and sediment mass. C1 [Foltz, R. B.; Elliot, W. J.; Wagenbrenner, N. S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rfoltz@fs.fed.us FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act FX Funding for this work came from the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act managed by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Ben Kopyscianski, USDA Forest Service, led the rainfall simulation crew. Marissa Merker worked both in the field and in the lab. Instrumental in assisting with finding sites for the study were Catherine Schoen, Engineer, LTBMU, and Hakjun Rhee, Post-Doc, Washington State University. Paul Potts, Engineer, LTBMU, handled site access issues. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1356 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300015 ER PT J AU Skaggs, RW Chescheir, GM Fernandez, GP Amatya, DM Diggs, J AF Skaggs, R. W. Chescheir, G. M. Fernandez, G. P. Amatya, D. M. Diggs, J. TI EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND HYDROLOGY OF DRAINED COASTAL PLAIN WATERSHEDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Drainable porosity; Drainage; DRAINMOD; ET; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrology; Land use ID CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY; QUALITY MODEL; ORGANIC SOIL; RIVER-BASIN; GIS; IMPACT AB Some of the world's most productive cropland requires artificial or improved drainage for efficient agricultural production. Soil hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity, are conventionally used in design of drainage systems. While it is recognized that these soil properties vary over a relatively wide range within a given soil series, it is generally assumed they can be approximated based on soil type, independent of crop or land use. Effects of land use on hydrology of drained soils in the North Carolina lower coastal plain were investigated by comparing hydrologic measurements on drained agricultural cropland, drained forest land (Loblolly pine), and an undrained forested wetland. Higher ET on the drained pine forest site resulted in reduced drainage outflow and deeper water tables compared to the agricultural site. Measurements for the wetland site showed water tables near the surface but annual outflows similar to the drained forest site. Field effective hydraulic conductivity in the top 70 cm of the drained forest site was more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of corresponding layers of the soil on the agricultural site. Drainable porosity, based on measured soil water characteristics, was also much higher for the forested sites. Long term (50-year) DRAINMOD simulations predicted average annual drainage outflow of 51.4 cm for the agricultural field as compared to 37.6 cm for the forested site. The difference resulted primarily from greater ET predicted for the forested site. Because of the high hydraulic conductivity of the surface layers and large surface depressional storage, predicted surface runoff from the forested site was nil, compared to an average annual runoff of 13 cm for the drained cropland site. Results of long-term simulations were used to analyze these effects for the widely variable seasonal and annual weather conditions of eastern North Carolina. C1 [Skaggs, R. W.; Chescheir, G. M.; Diggs, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fernandez, G. P.] US EPA, Atlanta, GA USA. [Amatya, D. M.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC USA. RP Skaggs, RW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Skaggs@eos.ncsu.edu FU USDA NRI [98-35102-6493]; Weyerhaeuser Company; EPA FX This work was made possible by the support of USDA NRI (Contract No. 98-35102-6493), EPA 319 Program, and Weyerhaeuser Company. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Sandra McCandless, Joe Bergman, Cliff Tyson, and Joe Hughes of Weyerhaeuser Company and Wilson Huntley and Jay Frick of the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1357 EP 1365 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300016 ER PT J AU Marchant, CC Moore, KD Wojcik, MD Martin, RS Pfeiffer, RL Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL AF Marchant, C. C. Moore, K. D. Wojcik, M. D. Martin, R. S. Pfeiffer, R. L. Prueger, J. H. Hatfield, J. L. TI ESTIMATION OF DAIRY PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION RATES BY LIDAR AND INVERSE MODELING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; Air pollution; Dairies; Emission; Estimation; Inverse modeling; Lidar; Optimization; Remote sensing; Sampling ID PM10 EMISSIONS AB Particulate matter (PM) emissions from agricultural operations are an important issue for air quality and human health and a topic of interest to government regulators. PM emission rates from a dairy in the San Joaquin Valley of California were investigated during June 2008. The facility had 1,885 total animals, including 950 milking cows housed in free-stall pens with an open-lot exercise area, and 935 dry cows, steers, bulls, and heifers housed in open lots. Point sensors, including filter-based aerodynamic mass samplers and optical particle counters (OPC), were deployed at select points around the facility to measure optical and aerodynamic particulate concentrations. Simultaneously, vertical PM concentration profiles were measured both upwind and downwind of the facility using lidar. The lidar was calibrated to provide mass concentration information using the OPCs and filter measurements. Emission rates were estimated over this period using both an inverse modeling technique coupled with the filter-based measurements and a mass-balance technique applied to lidar data. Mean emission rates calculated using inverse modeling (+/- 95% confidence interval) were 3.8 (+/- 3.2), 24.8 (+/- 14.5), and 75.9 (+/- 33.2) g d(-1) AU(-1) for PM(2.5), PM(10), and TSP, respectively. Mean emissions rates based on lidar data were 1.3 (+/- 0.2), 15.1 (+/- 2.2), and 46.4 (+/- 7.0) g d(-1) AU(-1) for PM(2.5), PM(10), and TSP, respectively. The PM10 findings are roughly twice as high as those reported from other dairy studies with different climatic conditions and/or housing types, but are of similar magnitude as those from a study with similar conditions, housing, and emission rate calculation technique. C1 [Marchant, C. C.; Moore, K. D.; Wojcik, M. D.] Energy Dynam Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Martin, R. S.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pfeiffer, R. L.; Prueger, J. H.; Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Moore, KD (reprint author), Energy Dynam Lab, 1695 N Res Pk Way, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM kori.moore@energydynamicslab.com RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1453 EP 1463 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300026 ER PT J AU Armstrong, PR Tallada, JG Hurburgh, C Hildebrand, DF Specht, JE AF Armstrong, P. R. Tallada, J. G. Hurburgh, C. Hildebrand, D. F. Specht, J. E. TI DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE-SEED NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC PREDICTIONS OF CORN AND SOYBEAN CONSTITUENTS USING BULK REFERENCE VALUES AND MEAN SPECTRA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Corn; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Single seed; Soybean ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; INDIVIDUAL KERNELS; PROTEIN-CONTENT; OIL CONTENT; MAIZE; WHEAT AB Rapid, non-destructive single-seed compositional analyses are useful for many areas of crop science, including breeding and genetics. Seeds are sometimes unique and require preservation due to small samples, which necessitates development of methods for total non-destructive measurement. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used for non-destructive single-seed composition prediction, but the reference methods used to develop prediction models are usually destructive. Reference methods are costly, and extensive sets of seeds must be used to obtain prediction models for multiple constituents. In this research, single-seed NIRS prediction models were developed for common constituents of soybeans and corn using composition values from bulk reference measurement and respective averaged single-seed spectra as opposed to single-seed reference and spectra. The bulk reference model and a true single-seed model for soybean protein were also compared to determine how well the bulk model performs in predicting single-seed protein. This provided a basis for evaluating bulk model performance for other constituents. Bulk model statistics indicated that bulk models should perform well for soybean protein and oil, but not well for fiber; corn bulk models should perform well for protein, oil, starch, and seed density. Bulk model predictions of single-seed soybean reference protein show, at best, that bulk models work reasonably well, with a standard error of prediction (SEP) = 1.82%) compared to an SEP of 0.97% for a true single-seed protein model. Bias correction may be needed, though, depending how the bulk model is developed. Overall, the bulk models should be useful for selecting single seeds in breeding programs targeting specific composition traits and segregating individual samples based on composition. C1 [Armstrong, P. R.; Tallada, J. G.] USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Hurburgh, C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Hildebrand, D. F.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY USA. [Specht, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paul.armstrong@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1529 EP 1535 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300033 ER PT J AU Bel, PD Xu, BG Yao, X AF Bel, Patricia D. Xu, Bugao Yao, Xun TI White Speck Potential for Mechanically Harvested Cottons SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Review DE AFIS; Cotton; Harvesting; HVI; Spinning; White Specks AB This paper examines the white speck phenomena as seen in mechanically-picked cottons based on the fiber measurements from high volume instrument (HVI) and advanced fiber information system (AFIS) analyses and the white speck data of the fabric. White specks are dye defects that can be inherent from the cotton variety or can be caused by weather or other field conditions-the fabric manufacturer is often caught off guard by them. Mechanical processing from fiber to fabric affects white speck levels. This paper looks specifically at impacts of harvesting and spinning methods on white speck formation. The goal is to develop strong predictions of white specks from bale fiber data tested by high speed instruments. C1 [Bel, Patricia D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Xu, Bugao; Yao, Xun] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bel, PD (reprint author), 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Patty.Bel@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 827RG UT WOS:000295445000008 ER PT J AU Bartlett, MK Ollinger, SV Hollinger, DY Wicklein, HF Richardson, AD AF Bartlett, Megan K. Ollinger, Scott V. Hollinger, David Y. Wicklein, Haley F. Richardson, Andrew D. TI Canopy-scale relationships between foliar nitrogen and albedo are not observed in leaf reflectance and transmittance within temperate deciduous tree species SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE albedo; leaf nitrogen; reflectance; photosynthesis; optical properties ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; AREA INDEX; CHLOROPHYLL DENSITY; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; VARIABILITY AB Strong positive correlations between the maximum rate of canopy photosynthesis, canopy-averaged foliar nitrogen concentration, and canopy albedo have been shown in previous studies. While leaf-level relationships between photosynthetic capacity and foliar nitrogen are well documented, it is not clear whether leaf-level relationships between solar-weighted reflectance and nitrogen underlie the canopy-scale patterns. Using an integrating sphere, we measured the reflectance and transmittance (350-2500 nm) of both individual leaves and multileaf stacks. Samples were collected from 12 broadleaf species at the Harvard Forest in central Massachusetts, USA. Across all species, foliar nitrogen (both mass-based nitrogen concentration and area-based nitrogen content) and leaf mass / area ratio were negatively, rather than positively, correlated with solar-weighted reflectance and transmittance in ultraviolet visible and near-infrared wavelength bands (350 700 nm and 700-2500 nm, respectively). Leaf-level anatomy and biochemistry, therefore, do not appear to drive the canopy-level association between increasing foliar nitrogen content and increasing canopy albedo. This suggests that interactions between leaf optical properties and structural canopy-scale traits that correlate with nitrogen content (perhaps some combination of crown shape, leaf area index, leaf angular distribution, or other structural characteristics of the canopy), may instead underlie the previously observed relationship between nitrogen and canopy-level shortwave albedo. C1 [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard Univ Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bartlett, Megan K.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ollinger, Scott V.; Wicklein, Haley F.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard Univ Herbaria, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM arichardson@oeb.harvard.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 FU Harvard Forest REU program; National Science Foundation [DBI-04-52254] FX M.K. Bartlett would like to thank David Orwig, Heidi Lux, and Clarisse Hart for advice and guidance and their contributions to the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program. This work was supported, through the Harvard Forest REU program, by a grant (DBI-04-52254) from the National Science Foundation. Andrew D. Richardson, Scott V. Ollinger, and David Y. Hollinger acknowledge additional support from the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD JUL PY 2011 VL 89 IS 7 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1139/B11-037 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 826YZ UT WOS:000295392800007 ER PT J AU Moore, AD Olsen, NL Carey, AM Leytem, AB AF Moore, Amber D. Olsen, Nora L. Carey, Anna M. Leytem, April B. TI Residual Effects of Fresh and Composted Dairy Manure Applications on Potato Production SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dairy compost; Nutrient; Petiole; Disease; Disorder; Quality ID RUSSET BURBANK POTATOES; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; YIELD; ALUM AB Potato growers in Idaho and other dairy producing regions often grow potatoes on fields that have had a history of fresh and composted manure applications. Growers remain uncertain of the impacts that previous manure applications will have on tuber yield and quality, as well as diseases, physiological disorders, and contamination by human pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. The focus of this study was to determine the long term effects of manure, compost, and chemical phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications on tuber yields, tuber quality, nutrient uptake, tuber disorders and diseases, and soil nutrient concentrations. Russet Burbank potatoes were grown in 2008 and 2009 on plots that had received dairy manure, dairy compost, P fertilizer, or no P source (control) at the same target P rate in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Compared with the P fertilizer treatment, applications of manure and/or compost significantly increased total yields, soil potassium (K), soil nitrate (NO3-N), early season petiole P, and late season petiole K in at least one year of the two-year study. There were no significant differences between P fertilizer, manure, and compost treatments on soil test P, late season petiole P, early season petiole K, E. coli populations on tuber surfaces, common tuber diseases and disorders, and tuber quality. Based on our findings, tuber yields significantly increased three years after applications of fresh and composted dairy manure, while tuber diseases, disorders, and quality were not affected. C1 [Moore, Amber D.; Olsen, Nora L.; Carey, Anna M.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. [Leytem, April B.] ARS, USDA, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Moore, AD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, 315 Falls Ave,Evergreen Bldg,POB 1827, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. EM amberm@uidaho.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X EI 1874-9380 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 88 IS 4 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9197-0 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ZS UT WOS:000295168600004 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Hamlin, LL AF Crosslin, James M. Hamlin, Launa L. TI Standardized RT-PCR Conditions for Detection and Identification of Eleven Viruses of Potato and Potato spindle tuber viroid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato diseases; Plant viruses ID TOBACCO-RATTLE-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOP-TOP-VIRUS; SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION; CORKY RINGSPOT; REAL-TIME; LEAFROLL VIRUS; UNITED-STATES AB Standardized RT-PCR procedures were developed and validated for detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato mop top virus (PMTV), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). Under the same conditions the O, N, NTN, and N:O strains of PVY could be differentiated using previously published multiplex primers. C1 [Crosslin, James M.; Hamlin, Launa L.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jim.crosslin@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission; National Potato Council FX This work was partially funded by the Washington State Potato Commission and grants from the National Potato Council. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 88 IS 4 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9198-z PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ZS UT WOS:000295168600005 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Hamlin, LL Buchman, JL Munyaneza, JE AF Crosslin, James M. Hamlin, Launa L. Buchman, Jeremy L. Munyaneza, Joseph E. TI Transmission of Potato Purple Top Phytoplasma to Potato Tubers and Daughter Plants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytoplasma; BLTVA; Potato diseases; Tuber transmission ID BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; COLUMBIA BASIN; CICADELLIDAE; DISEASE; WASHINGTON; ORGANISMS; DIVERSITY; HOMOPTERA; MEXICO; AGENT AB In 2006, 2007, and 2008, Alturas, Russet Burbank, FL1867, FL1879, Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, Shepody, and Umatilla Russet potatoes were planted at a research farm near Moxee, WA. Plants were allowed to become infested with native populations of the beet leafhopper which are known vectors of the Columbia Basin potato purple top phytoplasma, a member of phytoplasma group 16SrVI, in this region. Symptomatic plants were tested by PCR for the presence of the phytoplasma and positive plants were identified with flags. Tubers were harvested from positive plants and tested for the presence of phytoplasma. A subset of phytoplasma-positive tubers was planted in a greenhouse and the resulting daughter plants were tested for phytoplasma. The frequency of tuber transmission ranged from 4% to 96% among the eight cultivars over the 3 year period. Transmission of the phytoplasma from infected tubers to daughter plants ranged from 0% to 50% depending upon cultivar and year. In two of the 3 years, Russet Burbank showed the lowest rate of tuber transmission among the eight cultivars. Across the eight cultivars an average of 22%, 15%, and 16% of infected tubers gave rise to infected daughter plants in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. C1 [Crosslin, James M.; Hamlin, Launa L.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Buchman, Jeremy L.; Munyaneza, Joseph E.] ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jim.crosslin@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission; USDA-ARS FX Partial funding for this project was provided by the Washington State Potato Commission and the USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 88 IS 4 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9199-y PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ZS UT WOS:000295168600006 ER PT J AU Goyer, A Haynes, KG AF Goyer, Aymeric Haynes, Kathleen G. TI Vitamin B-1 Content in Potato: Effect of Genotype, Tuber Enlargement, and Storage, and Estimation of Stability and Broad-Sense Heritability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Genotype x environment interactions; Thiamine pyrophosphate ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; CROP COMPOSITION DATABASE; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; THIAMINE; FOODS; FOLATE; POPULATION; RIBOFLAVIN; FRANCE AB Thiamine pyrophosphate (vitamin B-1) is an essential nutrient in the human diet, and is often referred as the energy vitamin. Potato contains modest amounts of thiamine. However, the genetic variation of thiamine concentrations in potato has never been investigated. In this study, we determined thiamine concentrations in freshly-harvested unpeeled tubers of 54 potato clones, the majority of them originating from the Pacific Northwest Potato Development Program. Tubers from 39 clones were collected from four different environmental conditions. Thiamine concentrations ranged from 292 to 1,317 ng g(-1) fresh weight, which gives a good estimate of the genetic variation available in Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum. Thirteen clones/varieties contained > 685 ng g(-1) fresh weight and four had > 800 ng g(-1) fresh weight over multiple harvests, indicating that these genotypes would contribute a significant amount of thiamine in the diet (> 10% of the Recommended Daily Allowance based on a 175- or 150-g serving, respectively). Broad-sense heritability for thiamine content was calculated as 0.49 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.21-0.72, suggesting that genetic variation accounted for about 50% of the observed variation. There were significant clone and clone x environment effects. After accounting for environmental variation, 25 clones were unstable across environments. Tubers harvested at a mature stage late in the growing season had higher amounts of thiamine than tubers harvested at a young stage early in the season. Storage at cold temperature did not lead to significant thiamine loss; instead, thiamine concentrations slightly increased during storage in some genotypes. These results suggest that increasing the concentration of thiamine in potato is feasible and that all potato varieties may one day be a significant source of thiamine in the human diet. C1 [Goyer, Aymeric] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Haynes, Kathleen G.] ARS, USDA, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Goyer, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 2121 S 1st St, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. EM aymeric.goyer@oregonstate.edu FU Potato Commissions of Oregon; Washington; Idaho FX The authors would like to thank Kortney Sweek for her technical assistance, Dan Hane for helping in planting and managing the potato crop at HAREC, Steve James, Charles Brown, Rich Quick, Stastny Farms (Malin, OR), Jeffrey Smith and Owen Inc (Mapleton, ME), Mangels Seeds Potatoes Inc (Dillon, MT), and Cal-Ore Seed Inc (Klamath Falls, OR) for providing tubers and potato seeds. This research was partly supported by the Potato Commissions of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 88 IS 4 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9203-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ZS UT WOS:000295168600010 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Shvidenko, AZ Scheller, RM AF Gustafson, Eric J. Shvidenko, Anatoly Z. Scheller, Robert M. TI Effectiveness of forest management strategies to mitigate effects of global change in south-central Siberia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE SIMULATION-MODEL; WILDFIRE ACTIVITY; CLIMATE MODELS; LANDIS; PATTERNS; NORTHWEST; REGIMES; BIOMASS; DESIGN; MODULE AB We investigated questions about the ability of broad silvicultural strategies to achieve multiple objectives (reduce disturbance losses, maintain the abundance of preferred species, mitigate fragmentation and loss of age-class diversity, and sequester aboveground carbon) under future climate conditions in Siberia. We conducted a factorial experiment using the LANDIS-II landscape disturbance and succession model. Treatments included varying the size and amount of areas cut and the cutting method (selective or clearcut). Simultaneously, the model simulated natural disturbances (fire, wind, insect outbreaks) and forest succession under projected future climate conditions as predicted by an ensemble of global circulation models. The cutting method and cutting rate treatments generally had a large effect on species and age-class composition, residual living biomass, and susceptibility to disturbance, whereas cutblock size had no effect. Cutblock size affected only measures of fragmentation, but cutting method and cutting rate often had an even greater effect. Based on the results, we simulated a "recommended" strategy and compared it with the current forest management practice. The recommended strategy resulted in greater forest biomass, increased abundance of favored species, and reduced fragmentation, but it did not significantly reduce losses by disturbance. No single strategy appears able to achieve all possible forest management objectives. C1 [Gustafson, Eric J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Shvidenko, Anatoly Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Scheller, Robert M.] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009; Shvidenko, Anatoly/I-1505-2016 OI Shvidenko, Anatoly/0000-0001-7640-2151 FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis FX We thank Sue Lietz for providing invaluable technical support. We also thank John Brissette, Brian Palik, Mark Twery, and three anonymous reviewers for providing constructive reviews of the manuscript. Funding provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1405 EP 1421 DI 10.1139/X11-065 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 824EQ UT WOS:000295185600004 ER PT J AU Antony, F Jordan, L Schimleck, LR Clark, A Souter, RA Daniels, RF AF Antony, Finto Jordan, Lewis Schimleck, Laurence R. Clark, Alexander, III Souter, Ray A. Daniels, Richard F. TI Regional variation in wood modulus of elasticity (stiffness) and modulus of rupture (strength) of planted loblolly pine in the United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; MATURE WOOD; DENSITY; RADIATA; GRAVITY; TAEDA; AGE AB Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and specific gravity (SG) are important properties for determining the end-use and value of a piece of lumber. This study addressed the variation in MOE, MOR, and SG with physiographic region, tree height, and wood type. Properties were measured from two static bending samples (dimensions 25.4 mm x 25.4 mm x 406.4 mm) representing each wood type (corewood and outerwood) at heights 2.4, 7.3, and 12.2 m from three trees sampled from 135 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands distributed across the natural range of the species. An analysis of variance was conducted to detect the effect of physiographpic region, height, and wood type on each property. Significant regional variation was observed for MOE, MOR, and SG for both wood types with high values in the Gulf and South Atlantic Coastal Plains compared with other regions. A significant height-related trend in MOE, MOR, and SG within a tree was identified; MOE and MOR increased in corewood and decreased in outerwood with height. Maps showing regional variation in MOE and MOR at different heights by wood type were produced and showed significant variation for both properties. C1 [Antony, Finto; Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jordan, Lewis] Weyerhaeuser, Columbus, MS 39704 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Souter, Ray A.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Antony, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fintoa@warnell.uga.edu; Lewis.Jordan@weyerhaeuser.com FU Wood Quality Consortium of the University of Georgia; USDA Forest Service FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the sponsors of the Wood Quality Consortium of the University of Georgia and the USDA Forest Service. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1522 EP 1533 DI 10.1139/X11-064 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 824EQ UT WOS:000295185600014 ER PT J AU Chen, G AF Chen, George TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF BORATE:AMINE:COPPER DERIVATIVES IN WOOD FOR FUNGAL DECAY PROTECTION SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Borate:amine:copper derivatives; fungal decay protection; fixation of copper ID AMMONIACAL COPPER BORATE; PRESERVATIVES; BORON; TESTS AB This study aimed to evaluate borate:amine:copper derivatives in wood for fungal decay protection as well as the permanence of copper and boron in wood. Each of four derivatives of borate: amine:copper prevented fungal decay in wood. Disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax):amine:copper derivatives with 0.61-0.63% retention after water leaching prevented decay by Gloeophyllum trabeum (Gt) and with 0.64% retention prevented decay by Trametes versicolor (Tv). Leaching did not decrease decay resistance for either Gt or Tv. Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT):amine:copper derivatives with 1.14-2.93% retention after water leaching prevented decay by Gt and with 0.54-1.19% retention prevented decay by Tv. Leaching decreased decay resistance to Gt but not to Tv. Higher copper and boron in disodium borax:amine:copper derivatives contributed to more decay resistance to Gt and Tv than that of DOT:amine:copper derivatives as evidenced by elemental analysis. IR spectra of wood treated with 5% borate:amine:copper derivatives after water leaching showed increased absorption at 1632-1635 cm(-1) compared with the control. This increased absorption was partly attributable to carbonyl of copper carboxylates from oxidation of hemiacetals of hemicelluloses and cellulose by copper (II) ions and carbonyls of copper (II) quinone methides by oxidation of guaicyls by copper (II) ions. It was also partly attributable to carbonyls of copper carboxylates from hemicelluloses and phenolates from lignin through ion exchange reactions. These oxidation and ion exchange reactions of copper with wood components may account for their efficacy and long-term performance. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mchen53719@sbcglobal.net FU International Research Group on Wood Protection, Biarritz, France [IRG/WP1a-1459] FX I thank the following members of the Analytical Department of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory: James Beecher for FTIR and Dan Foster for ICP analyses. This article was submitted to the International Research Group on Wood Protection, Biarritz, France, May 9-13, 2010: IRG/WP1a-1459 (2010). NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 822RQ UT WOS:000295067700006 ER PT J AU Hu, XJ Roberts, DP Maul, JE Emche, SE Liao, X Guo, XL Liu, YY McKenna, LF Buyer, JS Liu, SY AF Hu, Xiaojia Roberts, Daniel P. Maul, Jude E. Emche, Sarah E. Liao, Xing Guo, Xuelan Liu, Yeying McKenna, Laurie F. Buyer, Jeffrey S. Liu, Shengyi TI Formulations of the endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis Tu-100 suppress Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on oilseed rape and improve plant vigor in field trials conducted at separate locations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus subtilis; biological control; iturin; oilseed rape; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ITURIN-A; CONIOTHYRIUM-MINITANS; BIOCONTROL; BIOSYNTHESIS; ALTERNATIVES; PATHOGENS; DISEASES; CANOLA; SEED AB Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes serious yield losses in crops in the People's Republic of China. Two formulations of oilseed rape seed containing the bacterium Bacillus subtilis Tu-100 were evaluated for suppression of this pathogen in field trials conducted at two independent locations. The pellet formulation significantly reduced disease (incidence and disease index) and increased plant dry mass, while the wrap formulation significantly reduced disease incidence and significantly increased plant dry mass at both field locations. Mean seed yield per 120 plants with both formulations of isolate Tu-100 was significantly greater than the appropriate controls, but at only one of the locations. Both formulations provided stable B. subtilis Tu-100 biomass (>= 10(5) CFU.g(-1)) and seed germination (>= 85%) over a 6 month period at room temperature. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analysis identified ituC and ituD, and bacAB and bacD in the genome of isolate Tu-100. These genes are involved in the biosynthesis of iturin and bacilysin. Iturin was detected in culture filtrates from isolate Tu-I00, with thin layer chromatography. Detection of bacilysin was not attempted. Experiments reported here indicate the commercial viability of B. subtilis Tu-100 for suppression of S. sclerotiorum on oilseed rape. C1 [Roberts, Daniel P.; Maul, Jude E.; Emche, Sarah E.; McKenna, Laurie F.; Buyer, Jeffrey S.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hu, Xiaojia; Liao, Xing; Guo, Xuelan; Liu, Yeying; Liu, Shengyi] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Oil Crops Res Inst, Minist Agr, Lab Oil Crops Biol, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov; luisy@oilcrops.cn OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30870451] FX We appreciate technical assistance from Lihua Xie and Changbing Yu of the Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan. This research was supported in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (serial No. 30870451). NR 39 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 57 IS 7 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1139/W11-041 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 820UT UT WOS:000294932300002 PM 21767217 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Coombs, JA Nislow, KH AF Letcher, Benjamin H. Coombs, Jason A. Nislow, Keith H. TI Maintenance of phenotypic variation: repeatability, heritability and size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE brook trout; growth compensation; heritability; repeatability; size-dependent growth ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; ADAPTATION-BY-TIME; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BODY-SIZE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; WATER TEMPERATURE; RECAPTURE MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Phenotypic variation in body size can result from within-cohort variation in birth dates, among-individual growth variation and size-selective processes. We explore the relative effects of these processes on the maintenance of wide observed body size variation in stream-dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Based on the analyses of multiple recaptures of individual fish, it appears that size distributions are largely determined by the maintenance of early size variation. We found no evidence for size-dependent compensatory growth (which would reduce size variation) and found no indication that size-dependent survival substantially influenced body size distributions. Depensatory growth (faster growth by larger individuals) reinforced early size variation, but was relatively strong only during the first sampling interval (age-0, fall). Maternal decisions on the timing and location of spawning could have a major influence on early, and as our results suggest, later (>age-0) size distributions. If this is the case, our estimates of heritability of body size (body length = 0.25) will be dominated by processes that generate and maintain early size differences. As a result, evolutionary responses to environmental change that are mediated by body size may be largely expressed via changes in the timing and location of reproduction. C1 [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Coombs, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ben_letcher@usgs.gov FU USFS Northern Research Station; USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; Nature Conservancy's Connecticut River program FX We thank Matt O'Donnell, Todd Dubreuil, Tyler Evans and many field assistants. Michael Morrissey and Krzysztof Sakrejda-Leavitt provided assistance with heritability estimates. The USFS Northern Research Station, the USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, and The Nature Conservancy's Connecticut River program provided funding for the project. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 602 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00184.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 820RW UT WOS:000294924100007 PM 25568008 ER PT J AU Huebner, CD AF Huebner, Cynthia D. TI Seed Mass, Viability, and Germination of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) under Variable Light and Moisture Conditions SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chasmogamy; cleistogamy; Japanese stiltgrass; light; Microstegium vimineum; moisture regime; seed longevity; seed viability ID REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; CANOPY DECIDUOUS FORESTS; INVASIVE GRASS; C-4 GRASS; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; CHASMOGAMOUS FLOWERS; IMPATIENS-CAPENSIS; SHADE-TOLERANT; PLANT; COMMUNITIES AB The success of Japanese stiltgrass as an invader may be due to its ability to respond to stochastic events (e.g., by sexual reproduction via chasmogamous [CH] flowers) and to maintain a beneficial genetic make-up (e.g., by self-fertilizing via cleistogamous [CL] flowers) when conditions are stable. This paper evaluates the importance of Japanese stiltgrass seed type (chasmogamous seeds, cleistogamous seeds, and seeds originating from forest-interior [F-I] plants) in terms of seed mass, viability, and germination across variable moisture regimes (three regions in West Virginia) and at two light levels (roadside and forest interior). Seeds From nine populations were sampled in three site types in 2005 and 2008 and stored at 5 C until testing in April 2009. Seeds were tested for viability using a dye test. Seeds were germinated under both constant and fluctuating day/night temperatures. Additional samples of CH and CL seeds collected in 2008 were tested for viability again in September 2010 for a measure of seed longevity. CL and F-I seeds were smaller in mass than CH seeds. Seeds from the drier sites were smaller in mass than seeds from the more mesic sites. CL seeds, followed by F-I seeds, were less viable than CH seeds in 2005 and 2008. CL and F-I seeds had lower germination rates than CH seeds for each site type in 2005, but germination rates of the seed types did not differ in 2008. Differences in seed longevity for 2008 seeds were lower for CL compared to CH seeds, but only in the drier sites. Japanese stiltgrass' longer-lived and larger CH seeds from the roadsides may ensure population survival over the long term. Younger CL and F-I seeds differ less from CH seeds in terms of germination than older seeds, which may help Japanese stiltgrass to maintain populations under relatively stable conditions in the short term. C1 US Dept Agr Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Huebner, CD (reprint author), US Dept Agr Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM chuebner@fs.fed.us FU Northern Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX This research was funded by the Northern Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. The author thanks H. Smith for assistance with the seed collection and with conducting the viability and germination tests. Special thanks also go to the Coopers Rock State Forest, West Virginia University Forest, and the Monongahela National Forest for allowing site access. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and J. Cardina for their comments. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 35 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00090.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 820CM UT WOS:000294883100002 ER PT J AU Spencer, D Enloe, S Liow, PS Ksander, G Carruthers, R AF Spencer, David Enloe, Stephen Liow, Pul-Sze Ksander, Greg Carruthers, Raymond TI Does Superior Competitive Ability Explain Yellow Starthistle's (Centaurea solstitialis) Successful Invasion of Annual Grasslands in California? SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Competition; phenology; invasion success; empty niche hypothesis ID VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SOLIDAGO-GIGANTEA; LEPIDIUM-DRABA; MIXED CULTURES; ANNUAL GRASSES; NO EVIDENCE; PLANT; POPULATIONS AB Yellow starthistle represents one of the most spectacular examples of biological invasion in the western United States. However, the mechanisms leading to its success have not been clearly elucidated. Although its success has been attributed to superior competitive ability, few competition studies have been performed with yellow starthistle to test this assertion. Yellow starthistle and wild oat (a dominant component of California annual grasslands) were grown in monocultures and mixtures to assess the strength of competitive interactions between them. For either species, intraspecific competition exerted a greater influence over mean plant weight than did interspecific competition. A companion study revealed temporal separation in the phenology of these plants, explaining the weak role of interspecific competition. Additional measurements of growth and soil moisture dynamics in large 270-cm-tall by 50-cm-diam polyvinyl chloride columns also showed a lack of interspecific competition and confirmed that water use patterns differed between these species, indicating niche partitioning. Wild oat reduced soil moisture to 5% but only to a depth of approximately 150 cm. Yellow starthistle depleted soil moisture to less than 5% throughout the column to a depth of at least 270 cm. These patterns were present when wild oat and yellow starthistle were grown individually or together in the columns, indicating that yellow starthistle had a greater impact on soil moisture and to greater depths. Yellow starthistle's invasion of grasslands in California does not appear to be due to superior competitive ability, but may be due to its ability to access deeper soil moisture. These results support the empty niche hypothesis that implies that invasive species are successful in new habitats because they access resources not available to resident species. C1 [Spencer, David; Liow, Pul-Sze; Ksander, Greg] ARS, USDA, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carruthers, Raymond] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Enloe, Stephen] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Spencer, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dept Plant Sci, MS 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM david.spencer@ars.usda.gov RI Baniaga, Anthony/G-8397-2012 NR 66 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 37 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 284 EP 295 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00092.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 820CM UT WOS:000294883100003 ER PT J AU Crider, KK AF Crider, Kimberly K. TI Predator Interference with the Cinnabar Moth (Tyria jacobaeae) for the Biological Control of Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological control; predation; tansy ragwort; cinnabar moth; carpenter ant; Senecio jacobaea; Tyria jacobaeae; Camponotus ID GENERALIST PREDATORS; CARPENTER ANT; HYMENOPTERA; POPULATION; FORMICIDAE; GALERUCELLA; LARVAE; PLANT; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Quantification of interference with biological control agents can provide support for anecdotal claims of success or failure of agent establishment and efficacy. This study was initiated because of observed predation of cinnabar moth larvae by carpenter ants when releasing larvae for the control of tansy ragwort, an invasive plant in Montana. Biotic and abiotic factors were compared among three sites with historically variable moth population establishment. Two experiments were developed to (1) observe and document insect activity, predation, or disappearance on tansy ragwort stems either protected or accessible to ants; and (2) quantify the effects of ant exclusion on herbivory of tansy ragwort. Site comparisons indicated that ant colony density was highest at the driest of three sites, and, interestingly, no ant colonies were detected at the site with higher observed numbers of moth larvae and adults and lower densities of tansy ragwort. Available substrate (logs and stumps) for ant colonization did not differ between the three sites. In the ant exclusion experiments, a larger number of larvae were missing on plants accessible to ants (63%) compared with plants where ants were excluded (39%) after 36 h. Direct observation of predation of larvae by carpenter ants accounted for 9% of missing larvae on stems accessible to ants. Larvae were able to consume 81% of original flowers or buds on ant-excluded stems, compared with 18% consumption on ant-accessible stems, suggesting that ant predation could limit the efficacy of cinnabar moth larvae. These results provide one of many possible explanations for the anecdotal observations of large, persistent populations of cinnabar moths in moist areas. This work emphasizes the importance of post-release observation and monitoring to detect and, ideally, quantify factors to support anecdotal perceptions regarding the fate and subsequent efficacy of insect biological-control agents. C1 [Crider, Kimberly K.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Crider, KK (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kcrider@fs.fed.us FU USDA, Forest Service via the Southern Research Station, Athens, GA [RWU-4156]; McIntire-Stennis Cooperative research grant FX The author would like to thank Ann Odor and Terry Carter for providing access to field sites. George Markin, Jeff Littlefield, Brad Bauer, and Bruce Maxwell, Dan Thompson, and Alexis Jones for field site access and technical assistance. The author also acknowledges two anonymous reviewers for providing suggestions contributing to the improvement of this manuscript. K. Crider acknowledges support from the USDA, Forest Service via the Southern Research Station, RWU-4156, Athens, GA. This project was partially funded by a McIntire-Stennis Cooperative research grant. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 332 EP 340 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00082.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 820CM UT WOS:000294883100008 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL James, JJ Vasquez, EA Svejcar, TJ AF Sheley, Roger L. James, Jeremy J. Vasquez, Edward A. Svejcar, Tony J. TI Using Rangeland Health Assessment to Inform Successional Management SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Rangeland health assessment; successional management; ecologically-based invasive plant management; EBIPM ID INVASIVE-PLANT MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; SOIL PROPERTIES; GRASSLANDS; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST; DISTURBANCE AB Rangeland health assessment provides qualitative information on ecosystem attributes. Successional management is a conceptual framework that allows managers to link information gathered in rangeland health assessment to ecological processes that need to be repaired to allow vegetation to change in a favorable direction. The objective of this paper is to detail how these two endeavors can be integrated to form a holistic vegetation management framework. The Rangeland Health Assessment procedures described by Pyke et al. (2002) and Pellant et al. (2005) currently are being adopted by land managers across the western United States. Seventeen standard indicators were selected to represent various ecological aspects of ecosystem health. Each of the indicators is rated from extreme to no (slight) departure from the Ecological Site Description and/or the Reference Area(s). Successional management identifies three general drivers of plant community change: site availability, species availability, and species performance, as well as specific ecological processes influencing these drivers. In this paper, we propose and provide examples of a method to link the information collected in rangeland health assessment to the successional management framework. Thus, this method not only allows managers to quantify a point-in-time indication of rangeland health but also allows managers to use this information to decide how various management options might influence vegetation trajectories. We argue that integrating the Rangeland Health Assessment with Successional Management enhances the usefulness of both systems and provides synergistic value to the decision-making process. C1 [Sheley, Roger L.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 25 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 356 EP 367 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00087.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 820CM UT WOS:000294883100011 ER PT J AU Gibson, T Farrugia, D Barrett, J Chitwood, DJ Rowe, J Subbotin, S Dowton, M AF Gibson, Tracey Farrugia, Daniel Barrett, Jeff Chitwood, David J. Rowe, Janet Subbotin, Sergei Dowton, Mark TI The mitochondrial genome of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial; nematode; gene rearrangement; Punctodera; Punctoderinae; Heteroderidae; Heterodera cardiolata ID NECATOR-AMERICANUS; FORMING NEMATODES; GLOBODERA-PALLIDA; TRANSFER-RNAS; GENE ORDER; DNA; SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENY; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB We sequenced the entire coding region of the mitochondrial genome of Heterodera glycines. The sequence obtained comprised 14.9 kb, with PCR evidence indicating that the entire genome comprised a single, circular molecule of approximately 21-22 kb. The genome is the most T-rich nematode mitochondrial genome reported to date, with T representing over half of all nucleotides on the coding strand. The genome also contains the highest number of poly(T) tracts so far reported (to our knowledge), with 60 poly(T) tracts >= 12 Ts. All genes are transcribed from the same mitochondrial strand. The organization of the mitochondrial genome of H. glycines shows a number of similarities compared with Radopholus skills, but fewer similarities when compared with Meloidogyne javanica. Very few gene boundaries are shared with Globodera pallida or Globodera rostochiensis. Partial mitochondrial genome sequences were also obtained for Heterodera cardiolata (5.3 kb) and Punctodera chalcoensis (6.8 kb), and these had identical organizations compared with H. glycines. We found PCR evidence of a minicircular mitochondrial genome in P. chalcoensis, but at low levels and lacking a noncoding region. Such circularised genome fragments may be present at low levels in a range of nematodes, with multipartite mitochondrial genomes representing a shift to a condition in which these subgenomic circles predominate. C1 [Gibson, Tracey; Farrugia, Daniel; Barrett, Jeff; Dowton, Mark] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Med Biosci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Chitwood, David J.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rowe, Janet] Rothamsted Res, Nematode Interact Unit, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Subbotin, Sergei] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Dowton, M (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Med Biosci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM mdowton@uow.edu.au RI Dowton, Mark/A-7766-2012 OI Dowton, Mark/0000-0003-3180-2922 FU Australian Research Council [DP0556520]; Australian Academy of Science FX Thanks are extended to M.A. Maqbool for providing cysts of H. cardiolata and to V. Blok for helpful discussions on Globodera biology. This work was supported by grants from the Australian Research Council (DP0556520) and the Australian Academy of Science. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUL PY 2011 VL 54 IS 7 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1139/G11-024 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 818XB UT WOS:000294788600004 PM 21745140 ER PT J AU Schaaf, AN Dennison, PE Fryer, GK Roth, KL Roberts, DA AF Schaaf, Abigail N. Dennison, Philip E. Fryer, Gregory K. Roth, Keely L. Roberts, Dar A. TI Mapping Plant Functional Types at Multiple Spatial Resolutions Using Imaging Spectrometer Data SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; ENDMEMBER SELECTION; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; FORESTS; COVER; DISCRIMINATION; ACCURACY; TEMPERATE; MODELS AB Imaging spectrometer data have been used to map plant functional types (PFTs-plant species grouped by similarities in their resource use, ecosystem function, and responses to environmental conditions) at spatial resolutions of 30 m and finer, but not at coarser spatial resolutions that may be necessary for global PFT mapping. This study uses spatially resampled Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA to examine changes in PFT classification accuracy as spatial resolution is degraded from 20 to 60 m. Accuracy was dependent on the spatial resolution of the classified data and the spatial resolution of endmembers used in the multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis classifier. C1 [Schaaf, Abigail N.; Dennison, Philip E.; Fryer, Gregory K.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Schaaf, Abigail N.] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Roth, Keely L.; Roberts, Dar A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Dennison, PE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM dennison@geog.utah.edu OI Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 FU NASA [NNX08AM89G] FX We would like to acknowledge the assistance of the NASA JPL AVIRIS team, including Robert Green and Sarah Lundeen, for providing the AVIRIS data used in this study. We also thank Bob Benton, Annie Bryant, McKenzie Skiles, Jamie Turrin, and Yuan Zhang, who contributed to preliminary analysis of the AVIRIS image as part of a graduate seminar at the University of Utah. Support for this work was provided by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology program, grant #NNX08AM89G. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 EI 1943-7226 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 324 EP 344 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.48.3.324 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 816AB UT WOS:000294570000002 ER PT J AU Faulkner, WB Wanjura, JD Boman, RK Shaw, BW Parnell, CB AF Faulkner, W. B. Wanjura, J. D. Boman, R. K. Shaw, B. W. Parnell, C. B., Jr. TI EVALUATION OF MODERN COTTON HARVEST SYSTEMS ON IRRIGATED COTTON: HARVESTER PERFORMANCE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Harvester; Picker; Stripper; Time-in-motion; Harvest loss AB Picker and stripper harvest systems were evaluated on production-scale irrigated cotton on the High Plains of Texas over three harvest seasons. Observations on harvester performance, including time-in-motion, harvest loss, seed cotton composition, and turnout, were conducted at seven locations with multiple cultivars. In systems where sufficient support equipment was available, strippers had higher productivity (i.e. acres per hour) than pickers. In higher yielding cotton, pickers had a higher productivity rate than strippers. The picker harvest had higher harvest losses but also resulted in lower levels of foreign matter and, therefore, higher turnout. The results of this research have elsewhere been incorporated into an economic model comparing harvest systems under various yield conditions. C1 [Faulkner, W. B.; Parnell, C. B., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wanjura, J. D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Boman, R. K.] Oklahoma State Extens Serv, Altus, OK USA. [Shaw, B. W.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. RP Faulkner, WB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Faulkner@tamu.edu FU Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers [FF-a-0809-02]; Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated; Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Brad Palmer, Craig Heinrich, James Brown, Rickey Bearden, Steve Verett, and Kelly Kettner for providing cooperation, cotton fields, and harvesting equipment for this project. This project was supported with funding from Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers Research Grant Program (Grant Number FF-a-0809-02), Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated, and the Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program as well as an equipment donation from John Deere - Des Moines Works. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 497 EP 506 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500001 ER PT J AU Faulkner, WB Wanjura, JD Hequet, EF Boman, RK Shaw, BW Parnell, CB AF Faulkner, W. B. Wanjura, J. D. Hequet, E. F. Boman, R. K. Shaw, B. W. Parnell, C. B., Jr. TI EVALUATION OF MODERN COTTON HARVEST SYSTEMS ON IRRIGATED COTTON: FIBER QUALITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Picker; Stripper; Fiber quality; HVI; AFIS AB Picker and stripper harvest systems were evaluated on production-scale irrigated cotton on the High Plains of Texas over three harvest seasons. Observations on fiber quality using High Volume Instrument (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information Systems (AFIS) were made on multiple cultivars harvested from six locations. When fibers were relatively immature, micronaire, length, and length uniformity as measured by HVI were better for picker harvested cotton than for stripped cotton leading to a higher loan value and average sale price for the producer. In cases where fibers were more mature, differences in fiber quality parameters between picked and stripped cottons were less pronounced leading to less discrepancy in the value of cotton harvested. However, differences in nep counts, short fiber content, and visible foreign matter between harvest treatments were still distinguishable. The results of this study indicate that producers may realize greater fiber quality and lint value by using picker harvesters, but the magnitude of those differences are a function of growing conditions and/or fiber maturity. Differences in cultivars also played a large role in determining fiber properties. C1 [Faulkner, W. B.; Parnell, C. B., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wanjura, J. D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Hequet, E. F.] Fiber & Biopolymer Res Inst, Lubbock, TX USA. [Boman, R. K.] Oklahoma State Extens Serv, Altus, OK USA. [Shaw, B. W.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. RP Faulkner, WB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Faulkner@tamu.edu RI Hequet, Eric/A-9802-2008 FU Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers [FF-a-0809-02]; Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated; Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Brad Palmer, Craig Heinrich, James Brown, Rickey Bearden, Steve Verett, and Kelly Kettner for providing cooperation, cotton fields, and harvesting equipment for this project. This project was supported with funding from Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers Research Grant Program (Grant Number FF-a-0809-02), Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated, and the Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program as well as an equipment donation from John Deere - Des Moines Works. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 507 EP 513 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500002 ER PT J AU Faulkner, WB Wanjura, JD Boman, RK Shaw, BW Parnell, CB AF Faulkner, W. B. Wanjura, J. D. Boman, R. K. Shaw, B. W. Parnell, C. B., Jr. TI EVALUATION OF MODERN COTTON HARVEST SYSTEMS ON IRRIGATED COTTON: ECONOMIC RETURNS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Harvester; Picker; Stripper; Net present value; Economics; Breakeven AB Picker and stripper harvest systems were evaluated on production-scale irrigated cotton on the High Plains of Texas over three harvest seasons. Observations on harvester performance and fiber quality were used to conduct a net present value (NPV) analysis to compare economic returns for conventional six-row picker- and stripper-based harvest systems. For most yield scenarios on the High Plains, there is a greater potential for profit by stripping fields when one six-row picker and accompanying support equipment is compared to one eight-row stripper and accompanying support equipment. However, when comparing one six-row picker to two eight-row strippers, picker harvesting offered more potential for profit in all scenarios analyzed. The NPV models were most sensitive to changes in the price difference and harvest efficiency between harvesters. C1 [Faulkner, W. B.; Parnell, C. B., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wanjura, J. D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Boman, R. K.] Oklahoma State Extens Serv, Altus, OK USA. [Shaw, B. W.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. RP Faulkner, WB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Faulkner@tamu.edu FU Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers [FF-a-0809-02]; Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated; Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Brad Palmer, Craig Heinrich, James Brown, Rickey Bearden, Steve Verett, and Kelly Kettner for providing cooperation, cotton fields, and harvesting equipment for this project. This project was supported with funding from Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers Research Grant Program (Grant Number FF-a-0809-02), Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee - Cotton Incorporated, and the Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program as well as an equipment donation from John Deere - Des Moines Works. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 515 EP 522 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500003 ER PT J AU Faulkner, WB Wanjura, JD Hequet, EF Boman, RK Shaw, BW Parnell, CB AF Faulkner, W. B. Wanjura, J. D. Hequet, E. F. Boman, R. K. Shaw, B. W. Parnell, C. B., Jr. TI EVALUATION OF MODERN COTTON HARVEST SYSTEMS ON IRRIGATED COTTON: YARN QUALITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Picker; Stripper; Yarn quality; Harvester ID HAIRINESS AB The effects of harvest methods (cotton picker vs. cotton stripper) on yarn quality from irrigated cotton harvested on the High Plains of Texas with modern equipment was measured using multiple cultivars from six sites over three years. Few differences were detected in carded yarn quality between harvest treatments, while more pronounced differences favoring picked cotton were seen in combed yarns, especially when fibers were immature. During both 2006 and 2007, the evenness of combed yarns was improved by picking over stripping as measured by yarn CV, thick places, and neps (+200%), and the hairiness of carded yarns was reduced by picking. However, evenness differences between harvest methods were not detected in carded yarns. In 2007, cultivar had a greater impact on yarn quality than harvest treatment. This study represents the first commercial-scale harvester comparison project conducted in the High Plains region and the first study to analyze the effects of harvest method on ring-spun yarn quality from a traditional production system. C1 [Faulkner, W. B.; Parnell, C. B., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wanjura, J. D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Hequet, E. F.] Fiber & Biopolymer Res Inst, Lubbock, TX USA. [Boman, R. K.] Oklahoma State Extens Serv, Altus, OK USA. [Shaw, B. W.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. RP Faulkner, WB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Faulkner@tamu.edu RI Hequet, Eric/A-9802-2008 FU Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers [FF-a-0809-02]; Cotton Incorporated, Cotton Incorporated Texas State Support Committee; Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Brad Palmer, Craig Heinrich, James Brown, Rickey Bearden, Steve Verett, and Kelly Kettner for providing cooperation, cotton fields, and harvesting equipment for this project. This project was supported with funding from Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Fibers Research Grant Program (Grant Number FF-a-0809-02), Cotton Incorporated, Cotton Incorporated Texas State Support Committee, and the Plains Cotton Growers - Plains Cotton Improvement Program as well as an equipment donation from John Deere - Des Moines Works. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 523 EP 532 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500004 ER PT J AU Hardin, RG Searcy, SW AF Hardin, R. G. Searcy, S. W. TI AUTONOMOUS COTTON MODULE FORMING SYSTEM SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Automation; Module builder; Seed cotton; Quality; Sensors; Storage AB Cotton producers often have difficulty finding adequate labor during harvest. Module builder operators are often inexperienced and may build poorly shaped modules. Equipment manufacturers have recently introduced harvesters with on-board module building capabilities to reduce labor requirements; however, this feature is only available on picker harvesters and significantly increases purchase cost. Conventional module builders offer automatic tramping systems as an option, but these systems do not distribute cotton in the builder or prevent cotton from being pushed out of the builder by the tramper. The objective of this research was to develop an autonomous module forming system by retrofitting a conventional module builder. Sensors were installed on a module builder to determine the position of the carriage, tramper, and location of cotton in the module builder. An algorithm was developed to control electro-hydraulic valves so cotton was properly distributed and compressed in the module builder. The boll buggy operator could remotely control the system using a wireless display. The autonomous system constructed modules with a 64% smaller water collection area in an average time of 37.4 min. Cotton producers indicated that the system was simple to use and significantly reduced labor requirements. The autonomous system can construct quality 'nodules and reduce labor requirements with only a small additional investment in equipment. C1 [Hardin, R. G.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Searcy, S. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Hardin, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bobby.hardin@ars.usda.gov FU Crustbuster/Speed King, Inc.; Texas AgriLife Research FX This research was supported by Crustbuster/Speed King, Inc. and Texas AgriLife Research. The authors are grateful for the assistance of many Texas cotton producers and ginners in testing and evaluating this system and the technical support provided by High Country Tek during software development. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 559 EP 568 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500007 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Fouss, JL AF Kornecki, T. S. Fouss, J. L. TI SUGARCANE RESIDUE MANAGEMENT EFFECTS IN REDUCING SOIL EROSION FROM QUARTER-DRAINS IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Post-harvest residue; Small surface ditches; Quarter-drain; Residue burning; Soil erosion ID TILLAGE; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; RATES AB Rainfall events which occur each spring in southern Louisiana have intensities and runoff that can cause significant soil erosion of alluvium small surface ditches (quarter-drains) to remove excess surface water from sugarcane furrows to main field surface ditches. As a result sediment from furrows and eroded soil from quarter-drains accumulate in quarter-drains and main ditches reducing their capacity to carry runoff water from flat sugarcane fields. An experiment was conducted following the 2001 harvest season in Southern Louisiana on alluvial soil to determine the effect of two sugarcane residue management practices on soil erosion and deposition in quarter-drains. Selected post-harvest residue management treatments were: (1) residue left on the field and swept from row-crowns to furrows and (2) residue removed by burning. Based on six rainfall events (cumulative rainfall = 368 mm), residue left on-site significantly reduced erosion from quarter-drains by 60% in comparison to quarter-drains where residue was burned, the average reduction in soil loss from these rainfall events where residue was swept and left in the furrows was 0.89 kg/m of quarter-drain length; the average soil bulk density of 1.5 Mg/m(3). Maximum erosion occurred at the junction or intersection with the quarter-drains and the main field ditch. For plots where residue was removed by burning, a gradual deterioration of the side-walls of the quarter-drain occurred, including at the intersection with the field ditch, where maximum erosion depths in excess of 18 mm were recorded. Based on these results, sugarcane residue left on-site was effective in reducing soil erosion from quarter-drains during a four-month period from spring to early summer in the 2002 growing season. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Fouss, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 597 EP 603 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500011 ER PT J AU Park, B Yoon, SC Windham, WR Lawrence, KC AF Park, B. Yoon, S. C. Windham, W. R. Lawrence, K. C. TI IN-PLANT TEST OF IN-LINE MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM FOR FECAL DETECTION DURING POULTRY PROCESSING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Machine vision; Multispectral imaging; Food safety; In-line inspection; Poultry; Fecal detection; Food industry ID CONTAMINANT DETECTION; DETECTION ACCURACY; CARCASSES; QUALITY; IMAGES AB Food Safety Inspection Service established new requirements for the zero tolerance for fecal contaminated broiler carcasses entering the chiller. The hyperspectral imaging research accomplished at ARS has demonstrated the real-time multispectral imaging system was able to effectively detect fecal contaminants during poultry processing. The imaging system with two-band (517 and 565 nm) was able to inspect every bird in real-time, in-line mode at commercial processing speed. With several real-time image processing methods including binning, cuticle removal filter, median filter, and morphological analysis, the system performance was improved by maximizing detection accuracy and minimizing false positive errors. Most false positives were found at wing bone, thigh, vent, and boundary. Since the number of true positives confirmed organoleptically by human inspector was only 14 out of 29,821 carcasses (0.05%), more samples need to be tested to confirm the performance of detection accuracy. Overall, the ARS multispectral imaging system was able to detect contaminants with high detection accuracy (approximately 91%) and 3.3% false positive errors at the processing speed of 150 birds/min from the two-day in-plant trials. However, the performance of ARS real-time in-line imaging system for fecal contaminant detection on broiler carcasses can be improved by adopting a better camera which has higher signal-to-noise ratio such as line-scan real-time hyperspectral imaging system currently being investigated for its applicability for real-time processing. C1 [Park, B.; Yoon, S. C.; Windham, W. R.; Lawrence, K. C.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 623 EP 630 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500014 ER PT J AU Pearson, T Knievel, D Hucl, P AF Pearson, T. Knievel, D. Hucl, P. TI AUTOMATED SORTING OF GLABROUS VERSUS PUBESCENT ANNUAL CANARYGRASS SEEDS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Imaging; Separating; Silica; Value-added ID COLOR AB An automated imaging system was developed to identify and sort annual canarygrass seeds with the glabrous trait in order to screen bulk amounts of seed to segregate populations for this desirable trait. Glabrous seed is preferred since it does not have the irritating silica hairs that pubescent seeds do. Glabrous seeds may also have potential as a food product. The automated system inspected seeds at a rate of approximately four seeds per second (similar to 100 g/h) and had an average accuracy of 90%. The system performed consistently over time across five different cultivars from two growing seasons at four different locations. Cost for all of the parts in the system was approximately $2500, and therefore, was affordable for breeding programs developing glabrous canaryseed and perhaps other glabrous seeds. C1 [Pearson, T.] USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Knievel, D.; Hucl, P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thomas.pearson@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 663 EP 667 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 812WB UT WOS:000294322500018 ER PT J AU Mason, JB AF Mason, Joel B. TI Unraveling the complex relationship between folate and cancer risk SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Review DE folate; cancer ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIETARY-FOLATE; PLASMA FOLATE; B-VITAMINS; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE AB Epidemiologic evidence generally indicates that an abundant intake of foodstuff; rich in folate conveys protection against the development of colorectal cancer and perhaps some other common cancers as well. Preclinical models substantiate that the relationship is a genuinely causal one. However, the issue is rather complex because some observations in animal and human studies demonstrate that an overly abundant intake of folate among those who harbor existing foci of neoplasia might instead produce a paradoxical promotion of tumorigenesis. The pharmaceutical form of the vitamin, folic acid, might affect the process in a manner that is distinct from natural forms of the vitamin, although this remains a speculative concept. We should not allow the complex nature of this relationship to compel us to ignore it, as understanding its true nature will greatly facilitate our ability to construct intelligent, effective, and safe strategies for the prevention of birth defects and cancer. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joel.mason@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [581950-9-001]; National Institutes of Health [R21 ES019102, RO1 AG025834, RO1 CA138444] FX This work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 581950-9-001 and also by National Institutes of Health grants R21 ES019102, RO1 AG025834, and RO1 CA138444. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 SI SI BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1002/biof.174 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 816DE UT WOS:000294578100002 PM 21915934 ER PT J AU Selhub, J Paul, L AF Selhub, Jacob Paul, Ligi TI Folic acid fortification: Why not vitamin B12 also? SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Review DE folic acid; vitamin B12; fortification ID FOLATE CONCENTRATIONS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; DEFICIENCY; POPULATION; NUTRITION; ANEMIA; AGE AB Folic acid fortification of cereal grains was introduced in many countries to prevent neural tube defect occurrence. The metabolism of folic acid and vitamin B12 intersect during the transfer of the methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine catalyzed by B12-dependent methioine synthase. Regeneration of tetrahydrofolate Via this reaction makes it available for synthesis of nucleotide precursors. Thus either folate or vitamin B12 deficiency can result in impaired cell division and anemia. Expos lure to extra folic acid through fortification may be detrimental to those with vitamin B12 deficiency. Among participant of National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey with low vitamin B12 status, high serum folate (>59 nmol/L) was associated with higher prevalence of anemia and cognitive impairment when compared with normal serum folate. We also observed an increase in the plasma concentrations of total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA), two functional indicators of vitamin B12 status, with increase in plasma folate under low vitamin B12 status. These data strongly imply that high plasma folate is associated with the exacerbation of both the biochemical and clinical status of vitamin B12 deficiency. Hence any food fortification policy that includes folic acid should also include vitamin B12. C1 [Selhub, Jacob; Paul, Ligi] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jacob.selhub@tufts.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 SI SI BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1002/biof.173 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 816DE UT WOS:000294578100004 PM 21674649 ER PT J AU Krug, PW Lee, LJ Eslami, AC Larson, CR Rodriguez, L AF Krug, Peter W. Lee, Laura J. Eslami, Angelique C. Larson, Christopher R. Rodriguez, Luis TI Chemical disinfection of high-consequence transboundary animal disease viruses on nonporous surfaces SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Transboundary disease; Foot-and-mouth; Swine fever; Surface disinfection ID CLASSICAL SWINE-FEVER; MOUTH-DISEASE; VIRUCIDAL ACTIVITY; GREAT-BRITAIN; INACTIVATION; EPIDEMIC; PH; NETHERLANDS; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK AB Disinfection is a critical part of the response to transboundary animal disease virus (TADV) outbreaks by inactivating viruses on fomites to help control infection. To model the inactivation of TADV on fomites, we tested selected chemicals to inactivate Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV), African Swine Fever virus (ASFV), and Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) dried on steel and plastic surfaces. For each of these viruses, we observed a 2 to 3 log reduction of infectivity due to drying alone. We applied a modified surface disinfection method to determine the efficacy of selected disinfectants to inactivate surface-dried high-titer stocks of these three structurally different TADV. ASFV and FMDV were susceptible to sodium hypochlorite (500 and 1000 ppm, respectively) and citric acid (1%) resulting in complete disinfection. Sodium carbonate (4%), while able to reduce FMDV infectivity by greater than 4-log units, only reduced ASFV by 3 logs. Citric acid (2%) did not totally inactivate dried CSFV, suggesting it may not be completely effective for disinfection in the field. Based on these data we recommend disinfectants be formulated with a minimum of 1000 ppm sodium hypochlorite for ASFV and CSFV disinfection, and a minimum of 1% citric acid for FMDV disinfection. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Alliance for Biologicals. C1 [Krug, Peter W.; Rodriguez, Luis] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Lee, Laura J.; Eslami, Angelique C.; Larson, Christopher R.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Krug, PW (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM peter.krug@ars.usda.gov FU EPA-USDA [60-1940-8-055]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center FX This work was funded by EPA-USDA Interagency Agreement number 60-1940-8-055. LJL, CRL and ACE were funded by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education as part of the Research Participation Program at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. We thank Jeff Kempter (EPA) and Nathan Birnbaum (USDA/APHIS) for helpful comments during the revision of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JUL PY 2011 VL 39 IS 4 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.06.016 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 815NG UT WOS:000294531700006 PM 21798759 ER PT J AU Das, A Beckham, TR McIntosh, MT AF Das, Amaresh Beckham, Tammy R. McIntosh, Michael T. TI Comparison of methods for improved RNA extraction from blood for early detection of Classical swine fever virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Blood; classical swine fever; hog cholera; extraction; pigs; real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; swine; virus ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; RT-PCR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MAJOR INHIBITOR; DIAGNOSIS; SAMPLES; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious disease of pigs. Early detection of the Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in infected animals and routine surveillance is important for a rapid response and control of an outbreak of CSF. The current study investigated whole blood as a clinical specimen for the detection of CSFV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) in experimentally infected pigs. The virus was detectable in pre-clinical animals in whole blood and in different fractions of blood, including white blood cells, red blood cells (RBC), and serum. Based on an in-vitro binding assay, CSFV is retained in the RBC fraction. Naturally occurring PCR inhibitors of whole blood were shown to inhibit detection, and several commercial RNA extraction kits failed to remove these inhibitors. The commercial blood RNA extraction protocols were modified to achieve optimized single tube and high-throughput 96-well plate RNA extraction that efficiently removed PCR inhibitors from whole blood and enhanced detection of CSFV in experimentally inoculated pigs. This enabled detection 1-2 days earlier than observed using unmodified RNA extraction protocols. The results show effective use of whole blood as a clinical specimen for diagnosis and surveillance of CSF in pre-clinical animals. C1 [McIntosh, Michael T.] APHIS, Proficiency & Validat Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, NVSL,VS,USDA,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Beckham, Tammy R.] Texas A&M Univ, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim & Zoonot Dis Def, Texas Vet Med Diagnost Lab, College Stn, TX USA. RP McIntosh, MT (reprint author), APHIS, Proficiency & Validat Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, NVSL,VS,USDA,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM michael.t.mcintosh@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the USDA, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 727 EP 735 DI 10.1177/1040638711407685 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812HO UT WOS:000294282400011 PM 21908315 ER PT J AU Meyerholtz, KA Burcham, GN Miller, MA Wilson, CR Hooser, SB Lee, ST AF Meyerholtz, Kimberly A. Burcham, Grant N. Miller, Margaret A. Wilson, Christina R. Hooser, Stephen B. Lee, Stephen T. TI Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to diagnose white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) poisoning in a cow SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cows; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; toxin; tremetone; white snakeroot ID KETONES; MILK AB An 8-year-old, crossbred beef cow was referred to the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at Purdue University for a complete necropsy in October 2009. The cow was the sixth to die in a 7-day period. Affected cows were reportedly stumbling and became weak, excitable, and recumbent. Histologically, myonecrosis was severe in the skeletal muscles and mild in the heart and tongue. According to the submitter, exposure to a poisonous plant was suspected, and a plant specimen received from this case was identified as white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima). Using the white snakeroot specimen, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method for the detection of tremetone and dehydrotremetone (2 components of white snakeroot) was developed. Both tremetone and dehydrotremetone were detected in the plant specimen. Dehydrotremetone was recovered from the liver, while neither component was recovered in the rumen content. In the past, because of the lack of standard reference material, the diagnosis of white snakeroot poisoning was based mainly on history of exposure and the presence of the plant in the rumen. The analytical method described herein can be used to document exposure to tremetone or dehydrotremetone in cases of suspected white snakeroot poisoning when coupled with the appropriate clinical signs and lesions. C1 [Meyerholtz, Kimberly A.; Burcham, Grant N.; Miller, Margaret A.; Wilson, Christina R.; Hooser, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, Indiana Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Burcham, Grant N.; Miller, Margaret A.; Wilson, Christina R.; Hooser, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Comparat Pathobiol, Sch Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, Stephen T.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. RP Wilson, CR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Indiana Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, 406 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wilsonc@purdue.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.1177/1040638711407899 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812HO UT WOS:000294282400018 PM 21908322 ER PT J AU Nicholson, EM AF Nicholson, Eric M. TI Enrichment of PrPSc in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues prior to analysis by Western blot SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Paraffin-embedded tissue; prion; PrP; spongiform encephalopathy; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; Western blot ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE; PROTEIN AB Diagnosis of prion disease is primarily through immunodetection of the infectious agent. Typically, 2 distinct procedures are recommended for a definitive diagnosis, with immunohistochemistry and Western blot providing the most information as to the specific isolate in question. In the past, these approaches required formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and fresh or frozen tissue, respectively; however, methods have been developed that allow for use of fixed tissue for Western blot. The present study describes a method of enriching PrPSc in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues prior to Western blot analysis for the detection of PrPSc. With this modified procedure, 5 times the previously reported sample size may be used for analysis, greatly enhancing the sensitivity of this procedure. C1 ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Eric.Nicholson@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service FX This research was funded in its entirety by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 790 EP 792 DI 10.1177/1040638711407886 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812HO UT WOS:000294282400021 PM 21908325 ER PT J AU Harvey, RB Norman, KN Andrews, K Norby, B Hume, ME Scanlan, CM Hardin, MD Scott, HM AF Harvey, Roger B. Norman, Keri N. Andrews, Kathleen Norby, Bo Hume, Michael E. Scanlan, Charles M. Hardin, Margaret D. Scott, Harvey M. TI Clostridium difficile in retail meat and processing plants in Texas SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial susceptibility; Clostridium difficile; retail meat; sausage ID FOOD ANIMALS; GROUND MEAT; PORK; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; BACTERIA; EPIDEMIC; PRODUCTS; CANADA AB The incidence and severity of disease associated with toxigenic Clostridium difficile have increased in hospitals in North America from the emergence of newer, more virulent strains. Toxigenic C. difficile has been isolated from food animals and retail meat with potential implications of transfer to human beings. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of C. difficile in pork from sausage manufacturing plants and retail meat in Texas. Twenty-three C. difficile isolates were detected from 243 meat samples (9.5%) from 3 sausage-manufacturing plants and 5 retail meat outlets from 2004 to 2009. Twenty-two isolates were positive for toxins A, B, and binary toxin, and were characterized as toxinotype V, PFGE type-NAP7, or "NAP7-variant." Susceptibilities to 11 antimicrobial agents in the current study were similar to those reported previously for toxinotype V isolates, although the results suggested somewhat reduced resistance than reported for other meat, animal, or human clinical toxinotype V isolates. C1 [Harvey, Roger B.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, SPARC, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Norman, Keri N.; Norby, Bo] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX USA. [Scanlan, Charles M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. [Hardin, Margaret D.] IEH Labs, Lake Forest Pk, WA USA. [Hardin, Margaret D.] Consulting Grp, Lake Forest Pk, WA USA. [Scott, Harvey M.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, SPARC, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Harvey@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board [06-156]; USDA-CSREES-NRICGP [2003-35212-13298] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project was funded in part by The National Pork Board, Grant no. 06-156 and USDA-CSREES-NRICGP, no. 2003-35212-13298. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 807 EP 811 DI 10.1177/1040638711407893 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812HO UT WOS:000294282400025 PM 21908329 ER PT J AU Goertz, CEC Frasca, S Bohach, GA Cowan, DF Buck, JD French, RA De Guise, S Maratea, J Hinckley, L Ewalt, D Schlievert, PM Karst, SM Deobald, CF St Aubin, DJ Dunn, JL AF Goertz, Caroline E. C. Frasca, Salvatore, Jr. Bohach, Gregory A. Cowan, Daniel F. Buck, John D. French, Richard A. De Guise, Sylvain Maratea, Jennifer Hinckley, Lynn Ewalt, Darla Schlievert, Patrick M. Karst, Sheila M. Deobald, Claudia F. St Aubin, David J. Dunn, J. Lawrence TI Brucella sp vertebral osteomyelitis with intercurrent fatal Staphylococcus aureus toxigenic enteritis in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Brucella; marine mammal medicine; necrotizing enteritis; Staphylococcus aureus; staphylococcal enterotoxin A; staphylococcal exotoxin; vertebral osteomyelitis ID MARINE MAMMALS; STRAINS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; SEALS AB A previously beach-stranded, juvenile, male, bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis of unknown etiology. Antemortem serological testing suggested past or current Brucella sp. infection; however, this could not be confirmed prior to death despite multiple isolation attempts from aspirates, blood, and biopsies. Systemic antibiotics were administered for over a year to control the suspected infection; however, the animal succumbed peracutely to infection by a highly pathogenic, enterotoxin-secreting Staphylococcus sp. Gross necropsy findings included a fistulous tract leading to locally extensive osteomyelitis of a coccygeal vertebra with sequestra and osteophytes from which a Brucella species was isolated. Histopathological examination of intestine revealed pseudomembranous enteritis with a uniform population of intraluminal Gram-positive cocci. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in pure culture from the intestine and tested positive for the staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Serum taken shortly before death had endotoxin and elevated antibody titers to staphylococcal enterotoxin A when compared to samples collected during a period of apparent good health 18 months earlier. The isolation of a pyrogenic toxin superantigen-producing staphylococcal isolate, clinical signs, and diagnostic findings in this animal resembled some of those noted in human toxic shock syndrome. The present case highlights the clinical challenges of treating chronic illnesses, complications of long-term antibiotic use, and promotion of pathogenic strains in cases of prolonged rehabilitation of marine mammals. C1 [Goertz, Caroline E. C.; St Aubin, David J.; Dunn, J. Lawrence] Myst Aquarium, Dept Res & Vet Serv, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.; French, Richard A.; De Guise, Sylvain; Maratea, Jennifer; Hinckley, Lynn] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Bohach, Gregory A.; Karst, Sheila M.; Deobald, Claudia F.] Univ Idaho, Dept Microbiol Mol Biol & Biochem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Cowan, Daniel F.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. [Buck, John D.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Ewalt, Darla] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Schlievert, Patrick M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Dunn, JL (reprint author), Myst Aquarium, Dept Res & Vet Serv, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. EM ldunn@mysticaquarium.org FU USDA [99-35201-8581]; PHS [AI28401, P20-RR15587, P20 RR016454]; Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by USDA grant 99-35201-8581 (GAB), PHS grants AI28401, P20-RR15587, and P20 RR016454 (GAB), and the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.1177/1040638711407683 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 812HO UT WOS:000294282400033 PM 21908337 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Morton, PK Schemerhorn, BJ Shukle, RH AF Johnson, Alisha J. Morton, Philip K. Schemerhorn, Brandon J. Shukle, Richard H. TI Use of a Nuclear Marker to Assess Population Structure in Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE white intron 1; phylogeography; wheat; molecular diversity; introduced species ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; UNITED-STATES; INFERENCE; RECOMBINATION; DIVERSITY; LINKAGE; GENES; WHEAT AB Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the Hessian fly, is distributed across most of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-growing areas of the world and can cause significant yield losses in wheat production. Native to the Old World, Hessian fly reportedly came to the United States in a single introduction during the Revolutionary War and has since spread across North America. Using a nuclear marker, the population structure of North American Hessian fly was examined with regard to collections from the Old World. White intron 1 (wint1) showed insignificant recombination within collections and a large number of informative characters, allowing its use as a phylogenetic marker. Thirty-three alleles of wint1 were identified. Population structure analyses divided the collections into four populations: Middle East, Old World I, Old World II, and New World. More variation was found within populations than between populations, indicating that gene flow exists between local areas. However, shared ancestral characteristics resulted in mixing of Hessian fly collections into more than one population as revealed by the population structure reconstruction. North American and Spanish collections were a mixture of the Old and New World populations. With the sharing of ancestral characters as well as wint1 alleles, this study indicates that the North American lineage may actually be associated to an unsampled location, perhaps northern Europe. If the single introduction hypothesis were correct, then both lineages would have to have been present at the time of introduction. C1 [Johnson, Alisha J.; Schemerhorn, Brandon J.; Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Unit, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Morton, Philip K.] Univ Oklahoma, Biol Res Stn, Kingston, OK 73439 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Unit, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu OI Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X FU USDA Current Research Information System [3602-22000-016-00D] FX This is a joint contribution of the USDA-ARS and Purdue University. This study was supported through USDA Current Research Information System 3602-22000-016-00D. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1603/AN10154 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 809NW UT WOS:000294065000008 ER PT J AU Akbar, W Showler, AT Beuzelin, JM Reagan, TE Gravois, KA AF Akbar, W. Showler, A. T. Beuzelin, J. M. Reagan, T. E. Gravois, K. A. TI Evaluation of Aphid Resistance Among Sugarcane Cultivars in Louisiana SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Melanaphis sacchari; Sipha flava; Saccharum spp.; varieties ID RICE BORER LEPIDOPTERA; MELANAPHIS-SACCHARI; YELLOW LEAF; REGISTRATION; HOMOPTERA; CRAMBIDAE; MANAGEMENT; MECHANISMS; HEMIPTERA; HONEYDEW AB Sugarcane (Saccharum L.) in Louisiana is colonized by the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), and the yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes). Five commercial sugarcane cultivars, OLCP 85-384', OHoCP 91-555', 'Ho 95-988', 'HoCP 96-540', and 'L 97-128', representing >95% of Louisiana's sugarcane-growing area, were assessed under southern Louisiana field conditions for numbers of the two aphid species. Biweekly sampling during 2007 and 2008 growing seasons indicated cultivar and time effects on aphid frequency. Aphid population peaks occurred during June and July and then crashed. M. sacchari was more abundant than S. flava on almost all cultivars and on all sampling dates during both years of the study. HoCP 91-555 was found to be the most resistant compared with the susceptible Ho 95-988 and L 97-128 cultivars. HoCP 91-555 might be useful in areas of high aphid pressure, and as a source of resistance in cultivar development programs. C1 [Akbar, W.; Showler, A. T.; Beuzelin, J. M.; Reagan, T. E.; Gravois, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM allan.showler@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1603/AN11020 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 809NW UT WOS:000294065000012 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Negron, JF McElwey, SJ Williams, L Witcosky, JJ Popp, JB Seybold, SJ AF Lee, Jana C. Negron, Jose F. McElwey, Sally J. Williams, Livy Witcosky, Jeffrey J. Popp, John B. Seybold, Steven J. TI Biology of the Invasive Banded Elm Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Western United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chemical ecology; electroantennography; flight behavior; host colonization; Scolytus schevyrewi ID MULTISTRIATUS COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONE; COMPONENTS; TRAP; ATTRACTION; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; INSECTS; TREES; COL AB The banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), native to Asia, was detected in the United States in 2003, and as of 2011 it is known to occur in 28 states and four Canadian provinces. S. schevyrewi infests the same elm (Ulmus spp.) hosts as the long-established invasive, the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham). Information on the basic biology of S. schevyrewi in its native range is sparse; thus, we conducted laboratory studies and field studies in Colorado and Nevada. Comparisons of flight and behavioral responses were made with co-occurring S. multistriatus. When Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., cut logs (bolts) were allowed to be colonized by wild populations in the field, S. schevyrewi did not differ in emergence density from 10-versus 24-cm-diameter bolts. In the laboratory, S. schevyrewi readily colonized bolts of American elm, Ulmus americana L., but not Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.; Siberian peashrub, Caragana arborescens Lam.; a cherry, Prunus fontanesiana (Spach) C. K. Schneid.; or Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. In Colorado, S. schevyrewi often landed on elm bolts between 12: 00 p. m. and 4 p. m.; and near large elm trees, they were captured more frequently on sticky traps at 1.8 and 3.7 m aboveground than higher along the main stem. In Colorado/Nevada, S. schevyrewi initiated flight in April/March and ceased in October/September, whereas S. multistriatus initiated flight in April/May and ceased in October/September. In funnel trap flight assays of semiochemicals in Colorado or Nevada, S. schevyrewi had moderate responses, 3-10-fold greater than unbaited control traps, to Multilure (a commercial lure for S. multistriatus), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) + multistriatin, and MB + a plant extract that is included in a commercial formulation of Multilure. In contrast, S. multistriatus had a 226-259-fold greater response to Multilure than to the control. Both Scolytus species showed electroantennographic (EAG) responses to MB, racemic multistriatin, and (+)-and (-)-alpha-pinene, with the greatest sensitivity to multistriatin. S. schevyrewi was more responsive to (-)-alpha-pinene than was S. multistriatus. C1 [Lee, Jana C.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lee, Jana C.; Seybold, Steven J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Fdn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, Jana C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Negron, Jose F.; McElwey, Sally J.; Popp, John B.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Williams, Livy] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. [Witcosky, Jeffrey J.] USDA Forest Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jana.lee@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Research Initiative Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35302-16611]; USDA Forest Service [R2-2004-05]; Pacific North-west R6 Forest Health Protection; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain; Pacific Southwest Research stations FX We acknowledge the assistance of K. Gandhi, S. Hamud, and D. Huber with installation and monitoring of the Reno flight trapping sites, and J.E. Klett with host materials. We also thank D. Wakarchuk (Synergy Semiochemicals Corp., Burnaby, BC, Canada) for the analytical sample of elemene, L. Nelson (USDA Forest Service) for conducting the chemical analysis of elemene, and J. P. LaFontaine (Contech Enterprises Inc.) for chemical data on multistriatin and other products. We also thank D. Ullman, S. Padgett, L. Beneze, and C. Adan (University of California-Davis Department of Entomology) for administrative support. Funding was provided by USDA National Research Initiative Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service grant 2006-35302-16611, by the USDA Forest Service: Special Technology Development Program grant R2-2004-05, Pacific North-west R6 Forest Health Protection, and the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain and Pacific Southwest Research stations. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 30 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 705 EP 717 DI 10.1603/AN10150 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 809NW UT WOS:000294065000013 ER PT J AU Choi, SK Kim, KS Lee, H Adamczyk, JJ Greenberg, SM Westbrook, JK Sappington, TW AF Choi, Sung Kyoung Kim, Kyung Seok Lee, Hang Adamczyk, John J. Greenberg, Shoil M. Westbrook, John K. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Temporal Changes in Genetic Variation of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations, and Implications for Population Assignment in Eradication Zones SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; population genetics; population assignment; microsatellites; population structure ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; DISPERSAL; MIGRATION; ORIGINS; TEXAS; IMMIGRATION; DIABROTICA; INVASION; AMERICA AB An existing microsatellite genotype database has been used for several years in population genetic assignment analyses of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), captured in eradication zones. It is important to update it in case of changes in genotype frequency at any of the locations over time. Such changes at neutral loci could be caused by drift, immigration, or population bottlenecks. We examined allele frequency distribution for 10 microsatellite loci to determine genetic differentiation among 10 boll weevil populations sampled from Texas and Mexico in 2009. In addition, temporal changes in genetic composition were examined in the eight populations for which samples were available from previous years. Substantial levels of spatial genetic structure were observed, with the 10 populations clustering as four major groups. Pairwise F-ST estimates in 2009 samples ranged from 0.001 (College Station-Cameron) to 0.492 (College Station-Ojinaga). There was little change in genetic profiles over time at four of the eight locations. Thus, for those four locations, genotype and allele frequency data can be pooled over the two sample dates, which will provide greater statistical power in future population assignment tests. However, genetic profiles changed substantially at Ojinaga, and to a lesser extent at Uvalde, Cameron, and Rosales, so the 2009 genotype data should be substituted in future analyses. Finally, populations from two new locations, Brownsville and Lockhart, TX, were sampled, genotyped, and added to the database. The addition of Lockhart is particularly important given its surprisingly high differentiation from the relatively nearby populations of Cameron and Uvalde. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Choi, Sung Kyoung; Lee, Hang] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Adamczyk, John J.; Greenberg, Shoil M.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Westbrook, John K.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, KS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kyungkim@snu.ac.kr; tom.sappington@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Hang/A-7516-2011 OI Lee, Hang/0000-0003-0264-6289 FU The Cotton Foundation; Korea Research Foundation; Korean Government (MOEHRD) FX We thank the many eradication, university, and USDA-ARS personnel who have collected boll weevils for this endeavor over the years. New samples for this study were provided by Charles Suh (USDA-ARS) and Larry Smith, Michael Hester, Hans Lewis, and Misty Davis (Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Foundation). The current project was made possible by a grant to J.J.A. from The Cotton Foundation. K. S. K. is a recipient of a Brain Pool Program grant supported by the Korea Research Foundation, and a Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 816 EP 825 DI 10.1603/AN11012 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 809NW UT WOS:000294065000025 ER PT J AU French, BW Hammack, L AF French, B. Wade Hammack, Leslie TI Multiple Mating, Fecundity, and Longevity in Female Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Relation to Body Size SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mate choice; fecundity; longevity; Diabrotica barberi ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; COLORADO-POTATO-BEETLE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; DIABROTICA-BARBERI; TRANSGENIC CORN; WESTERN; SURVIVAL; MAIZE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Diabroticite corn rootworms are significant maize, Zea mays L., pests that have evolved resistance to cultural and chemical management methods. Transgenic maize synthesizing a rootwormtoxic protein originating from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is an important new management technology. Its use requires a refuge of nontransgenic maize to delay evolution of resistance by generating susceptible beetles capable of copulating with any resistant individuals surviving on the transgenic crop. The evolution of such resistance may concurrently influence a variety of fitness-related characters. Here, we examined multiple mating by female Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to the following fitness-related traits: female longevity, fecundity, and body size of males and females at the first copulation. For the first copulation, large and small males were reciprocally paired to large and small females for comparison with average-sized beetles. Once-mated females were then maintained under conditions conducive to oviposition and paired with averaged-sized males at weekly intervals until death. Although female age at second copulation varied significantly with size category, female age at first copulation, longevity and fecundity did not. Females that mated multiple times lived longer and laid more eggs than did those that mated once. The results suggest that resistance management models may need to consider those females deriving fitness benefits from a second mating. C1 [French, B. Wade] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wade.french@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 4 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1603/AN11003 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 809NW UT WOS:000294065000027 ER PT J AU Ayadi, FY Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA Brown, ML AF Ayadi, Ferouz Y. Muthukumarappan, K. Rosentrater, Kurt A. Brown, Michael L. TI Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Feeds Using Various Levels of Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWER-FINISHER PIGS; FISH-MEAL; SOYBEAN-MEAL; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; MOISTURE-CONTENT; PROTEIN-SOURCES; WATER ACTIVITY; AMINO-ACID; FED DIETS AB Increasing demand for seafood products and rising demand for fish meal for commercial fish feeds is driving the search for effective alternative protein sources. Twin-screw extrusion trials were conducted to study the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Six isocaloric (approximate to 4.61 kcal/g) ingredient blends with a target protein content of >45% db were formulated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and other feed ingredients. The moisture contents of the diets were initially adjusted to 5-7% clb, and then extruded at 250 rpm using dual 1.9 mm dies with varying amounts of steam (7.2-7.7 kg/hr) injected into the conditioner and water (4.3-6.5 kg/hr) into the extruder. Mass flow rates, moisture contents, and temperatures were measured during processing and moisture content, water activity, unit density, bulk density, expansion ratio, compressive strength, compressive modulus, pellet durability index, water stability, and color were analyzed to quantify the effects of varying DDGS content on the extrudate physical properties. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among the blends were observed for color and bulk density for both the raw and extruded materials, respectively, and for the unit density and pellet durability index of the extruded products. There were also significant changes in redness and yellowness, but only minor changes in brightness, among the final products with increasing DDGS content. The compressive strength of the extrudates increased significantly with increasing DDGS. Expansion ratio of all pellets was low. All extruded diets achieved very good water stability. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ayadi, Ferouz Y.; Muthukumarappan, K.; Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University; North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD FX We thank the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, and North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD, for funding, facilities, equipment and supplies. Furthermore, cooperation and assistance of Sharon Nichols, Christine Wood, Mike Barnes, Rilie Morgan, and Mehmet Tulbek is greatly appreciated. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 88 IS 4 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-08-10-0120 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 812GE UT WOS:000294278300007 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Delwiche, SR Bettge, AD Mabille, F Abecassis, J Pitts, MJ Dowell, FE Deroo, C Pearson, T AF Morris, Craig F. Delwiche, Stephen R. Bettge, Arthur D. Mabille, Frederic Abecassis, Joel Pitts, Marvin J. Dowell, Floyd E. Deroo, Camille Pearson, Tom TI Collaborative Analysis of Wheat Endosperm Compressive Material Properties SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRENGTH PROPERTIES; GRAIN HARDNESS; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; BRICKS; PUROINDOLINES AB The objective measurement of cereal endosperm texture, for wheat (Triticum spp. L.) in particular, is relevant to the milling, processing, and utilization of grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interlaboratory results of compression failure testing of wheat endosperm specimens of defined geometry. Parallelepipeds (bricks) and cylinders were prepared from individual soft and hard near-isogenic wheat kernels and compressed in two orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the long brush-to-germ axis). Compression curves were used to derive failure stress, failure strain, work density (area under the curve), and Young's modulus. In all five laboratories, the ability to delineate hard from soft wheat endosperm material properties was quite high. Four laboratories compressed endosperm bricks in the same orientation, on edge; texture class (soft vs. hard) was consistently the greatest source of variation in analysis of variance models (F-values from 417 to 1401, Young's modulus and failure stress, respectively). Failure stress was found to be the best overall means of measuring the difference in what is known in the vernacular as wheat hardness. Across laboratories, the absolute measures of all four material properties ranged on the order of about two-to threefold from low to high, although within a laboratory, results were highly consistent. Laboratory by texture class interaction was deemed to be of minor importance. Brick size and moisture content within the ranges tested were not major sources of variation, and cylinders prepared from endosperm produced results similar to those obtained from bricks. The results suggested that wheat endosperm might express some level of anisotropic behavior, as specimens compressed in the kernel orientation parallel to the long axis failed at lower strain and stress values, with lower work density, when compared with kernel orientation perpendicular to the long axis. A key feature of interlaboratory variation was identified as being instrument rigidity, a subject of ongoing research. In conclusion, the preparation of endosperm specimens of defined size and shape, in combination with compression failure testing at low moisture content (<18%), is useful for objectively delineating the phenomenon known as hardness. The study presented here will advance our ability to objectively measure cereal grain texture and the material properties of endosperm. C1 [Morris, Craig F.; Bettge, Arthur D.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Delwiche, Stephen R.] ARS, USDA, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mabille, Frederic; Abecassis, Joel] INRA CIRAD UMII Supagro, INRA, Agropolymers Engn & Emerging Technol UMR 1208, F-34000 Montpellier, France. [Dowell, Floyd E.; Pearson, Tom] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Pitts, Marvin J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu FU CIEE (Council on International Educational Exchange) FX Emma Hawkins and Erin Laraway conducted the tests at CGAHR and FQL, respectively. Dan Ramseyer with WWQL produced the bricks used in this study. The financial support of CIEE (Council on International Educational Exchange) to Camille Deroo to conduct an internship at WWQL is gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 88 IS 4 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-03-11-0035 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 812GE UT WOS:000294278300010 ER PT J AU Purna, SKG Miller, RA Seib, PA Graybosch, RA Shi, YC AF Purna, Shivananda K. Garimella Miller, Rebecca A. Seib, Paul A. Graybosch, Robert A. Shi, Yong-Cheng TI Volume, texture, and molecular mechanism behind the collapse of bread made with different levels of hard waxy wheat flours SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Waxy wheat; Baking; Bread; Staling; Starch ID BAKING PROPERTIES; STARCH GRANULES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; GAS RETENTION; BARLEY STARCH; DOUGH; CRUMB; QUALITY; BLENDS; PHASE AB Physico-chemical properties of bread baked by partially replacing normal wheat (Triticum aestivum L) flour (15, 30, and 45%) with two hard waxy wheat flours were investigated. Substitution with waxy wheat flour resulted in higher loaf volume and softer loaves. However, substitution at >30% resulted in excessive post-bake shrinkage and a 'key-hole' shape with an open crumb structure. Bread crumb microstructure indicated a loss of starch granule rigidity and fusing of starch granules. The cells in the interior of the bread did not become gas-continuous and as a result, shrunk as the loaf cooled. Soluble starch content was significantly higher in bread crumb containing waxy wheat flour than in control bread. Debranching studies indicated that the soluble starch in bread made with 30-45% hard waxy wheat flour was mostly amylopectin. Incorporation of waxy wheat flour resulted in softer bread immediately after baking but did not retard staling upon storage. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Purna, Shivananda K. Garimella; Miller, Rebecca A.; Seib, Paul A.; Shi, Yong-Cheng] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Shi, YC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ycshi@ksu.edu FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2008-34328-19146]; National Institutes of Health [R01-DC-01098, P20-RR-017686] FX We thank the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, special research grant number 2008-34328-19146 for support. The support by National Institutes of Health Research Grants R01-DC-01098 and P20-RR-017686 (molecular biology and biochemistry core facility) is gratefully acknowledged for CLSM. We also thank Dr. Carl Hoseney for helpful discussions on keyhole phenomena, Dr. Sajid Alavi, Bryan Glazer (American Institute of Baking), Dr. Finlay MacRitchie and Ms. Shuping Yan for their help with DSC, RVA, Risograph and C-Cell measurements. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.02.008 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 809FM UT WOS:000294037200006 ER PT J AU Wang, F Huang, WN Kim, Y Liu, RS Tilley, M AF Wang, Feng Huang, Weining Kim, Yangsoo Liu, Ruoshi Tilley, Michael TI Effects of transglutaminase on the rheological and noodle-making characteristics of oat dough containing vital wheat gluten or egg albumin SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Oat dough; Gluten-free; TGase; SDS-PAGE; Oat noodle ID WHITE SALTED NOODLES; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CROSS-LINKING; INSTRUMENTAL TEXTURE; BAKING PROPERTIES; BREAD QUALITY; FROZEN DOUGH; FLOUR; SOY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Incorporating exogenous proteins into food production is a common practice for improving processing characteristics. In the present study, oat dough containing 15% (w/w, blends of protein-oat flour basis [POB]) vital wheat gluten (VWG) or 15% (w/w, POB) egg albumin (EA) was used to produce noodles with or without gluten (i.e., gluten-free). The rheological and noodle-making characteristics of oat dough containing exogenous proteins and the effects of added transglutaminase (TGase) were examined. The results indicate that the extent of TGase's modification of the thermomechanical and dynamic rheological characteristics (G' and G") is dependent on the source of exogenous proteins in the oat dough. By adding 1.0% (w/w, POB) TGase, the cooking qualities of the resulting noodles (i.e., those containing VWG and EA) were significantly elevated with lower cooking loss; the elasticity of both types of noodles increased. The effects of TGase in different dough systems were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In oat dough prepared with VWG, TGase was shown to catalyse the cross-linking of both oat protein and gluten protein; however, oat protein acted as the only substrate of TGase in the noodles that had been prepared with EA. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Feng; Huang, Weining; Kim, Yangsoo; Liu, Ruoshi] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Tilley, Michael] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Huang, WN (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wnhuang@jiangnan.edu.cn NR 33 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 50 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.02.010 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 809FM UT WOS:000294037200008 ER PT J AU Kim, S AF Kim, Sanghoon TI Production of composites by using gliadin as a bonding material SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Composite; Biodegradable; Gliadin; Particle-bonding ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLIADIN; CORN GLUTEN MEAL; AQUEOUS-ETHANOL; WHEAT-GLUTEN; ZEIN; ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEINS; SUBUNITS; STARCH; FILMS AB In previous papers, a new technology that produces biopolymer composites by particle-bonding was introduced. During the manufacturing process, micrometer-scale raw material was coated with a corn (Zea mays L.) protein, zein, which was then processed to form a rigid material. The coating of raw-material particles with zein makes use of the unique property of this protein in aqueous ethanol solution. In this paper, it is shown that the behavior of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) protein, gliadin, is very similar to zein in aqueous ethanol. Size variation of aggregates in 45-65% aqueous ethanol was investigated with a turbidimeter in conjunction with Size Exclusion Chromatography. Confirming the resemblance of gliadin to zein in terms of aggregation behavior in aqueous alcohol, composites were fabricated by particle-bonding and their mechanical property was measured with a Universal Testing Machine. Test results showed that gliadin is a good substitute for zein in the production of composites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sanghoon.kim@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.05.003 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 809FM UT WOS:000294037200024 ER PT J AU Sharma, K Vander Meer, RK Fadamiro, HY AF Sharma, Kavita Vander Meer, Robert K. Fadamiro, Henry Y. TI Phorid fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis, response to alkylpyrazine analogs of a fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, alarm pheromone SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudacteon tricuspis; Solenopsis invicta; Electroantennogram (EAG); Olfactometer; 2-Ethyl-3,6-dimethyl pyrazine; Alarm pheromone; Alkylpyrazine analogs ID DECAPITATING FLIES DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; TRAIL PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; GYPSY-MOTH; RED; PARASITOIDS; PATTERNS; DERIVATIVES AB The phorid fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, is a parasitoid of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. This fly has been reported to use fire ant chemicals, specifically venom alkaloids and possibly alarm pheromone to locate its host. A recent study identified 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethyl pyrazine as a component of the alarm pheromone of S. invicta. To determine the possible involvement of this fire ant alarm pheromone component in mediating fire ant-phorid fly interactions, we tested electroantenno-gram (EAG) and behavioral responses of P. tricuspis females to the commercially available mixture of 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethyl pyrazine and its 3,5-dimethyl isomer, as well as six structurally related alkylpyrazine analogs at varying doses. Pseudacteon tricuspis females showed significant EAG response to 2-ethyl-3,6(or 5)-dimethyl pyrazine (herein referred to as pheromone-isomer) at all doses, 0.001-10 mu g. Among the tested alkylpyrazine analogs, 2,3-diethyl-5-methyl pyrazine showed significant EAG activity at 0.1 and 1 mu g. 2,3-dimethyl pyrazine also showed significant EAG activity at 0.1 mu g. Results of four-choice olfactometer bioassays demonstrated significant attraction of P. tricuspis females to the pheromone-isomer (2-ethyl-3,6(or 5)-dimethyl pyrazine) at all tested doses (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mu g). The analogs, 2,3-diethyl-5-methyl pyrazine and 2,3-dimethyl pyrazine were significantly better than the control at the higher doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mu g). The pheromone-isomer was significantly better than both analogs at two doses, 0.1 and 1 mu g. These results confirm that the reported fire ant alarm pheromone component plays a role in mediating attraction of phorid flies to host workers. Venom alkaloids were previously shown to attract P. tricuspis; therefore, we propose that fire ant alarm pheromones may act in tandem or synergistically with venom alkaloids to attract phorid fly parasitoids to fire ant workers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sharma, Kavita; Fadamiro, Henry Y.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Vander Meer, Robert K.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Fadamiro, HY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fadamhy@auburn.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 57 IS 7 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.04.007 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 797FR UT WOS:000293110400012 PM 21524656 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Pound, JM May, MA Kammlah, DM Davey, RB AF Lohmeyer, K. H. Pound, J. M. May, M. A. Kammlah, D. M. Davey, R. B. TI Distribution of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Infestations Detected in the United States Along the Texas/Mexico Border SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parapatric boundary; biogeography; cattle fever tick; geographic database ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; CATTLE TICKS ACARI; SOUTHERN TEXAS; FIDELITY; MEXICO; RANGES AB Species identification and global positioning system coordinates of infestations of cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), were determined for 790 specimens submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory between 1 October 1999 and 30 September 2010. Cattle fever tick specimens obtained by personnel of the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program from infested cattle and wildlife along the Texas/Mexico border were submitted for identification, as required by the program. A geographic information system database was developed that incorporates location, collection, and infestation records. Submitted ticks came from 11 Texas counties and were comprised of 19.5% R. (B.) annulatus and 80.5% R. (B.) microplus. Maps produced from this study locate and define the parapatric boundary between R. (B.) annulatus and R. (B.) microplus. C1 [Lohmeyer, K. H.; Pound, J. M.; May, M. A.; Kammlah, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Davey, R. B.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 770 EP 774 DI 10.1603/ME10209 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 810KJ UT WOS:000294123900006 PM 21845935 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Ali, A Duke, SO Khan, I AF Cantrell, Charles L. Ali, Abbas Duke, Stephen O. Khan, Ikhlas TI Identification of Mosquito Biting Deterrent Constituents From the Indian Folk Remedy Plant Jatropha curcas SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Jatropha curcas; insect repellent; ethnobotany; mosquitoes; Aedes aegypti ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; FATTY-ACIDS; REPELLENTS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; EUPHORBIACEAE; TOXICANTS; EXTRACTS; ADULTS; OIL AB An investigation of the Indian folk remedy plant Jatropha curcas L., was performed to identify the constituents responsible for the mosquito biting deterrent activity of the oil. J. curcas seed oil is burned in oil lamps in India and parts of Africa to repel biting insects, primarily mosquitoes. The seed oil was thoroughly analyzed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, high-performance liquid chromatography-refractive index, and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection to identify the constituents in the oil. Identified constituents, both free fatty acids and triglycerides, were evaluated for activity in Aedes aegypti ( L.) ( Diptera: Culicidae) biting deterrent assays. Furthermore, an oil condensation trap was used to demonstrate that free fatty acids or triglycerides are partially volatilized during the combustion process. These compounds were found to be responsible for the biting deterrency of the burned oil. Specifically, oleic, palmitic, linoleic, and stearic acids were all active at 25 nmol/cm(2) above that of solvent control in Ae. aegypti biting deterrent assays. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were all more active than stearic acid in the same bioassay. Evaluation of the triglycerides containing each of these fatty acids revealed that tripalmitin, tristearin, trilinolein, and triolein all demonstrated significant activity above a solvent control at 10 mu g/cm(2), whereas tripalmitin was the most active. Due to literature reports suggesting larvicidal activity of the oil, J. curcas seed oil and its free fatty acid constituents also were evaluated against 1-d-old Ae. aegypti larvae up to 500 ppm. Oleic acid was the only fatty acid having larvicidal activity against 1-d-old Ae. aegypti larvae, with an LD(50) of 47.9 ppm. C1 [Cantrell, Charles L.; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ali, Abbas; Khan, Ikhlas] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM charles.cantrell@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX We thank Amber Reichley and Solomon Green, III, for technical assistance. We thank James J. Becnel (Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL) for supplying Ae. aegypti eggs. We thank Prof. Jonathon Gressel (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel) for suggesting this study. This study was supported, in part, by Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program Grant funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 836 EP 845 DI 10.1603/ME10244 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 810KJ UT WOS:000294123900014 PM 21845943 ER PT J AU McColley, SP Georgopoulos, A Young, LR Kurzer, MS Redmon, JB Raatz, SK AF McColley, Steven P. Georgopoulos, Angeliki Young, Lindsay R. Kurzer, Mindy S. Redmon, J. Bruce Raatz, Susan K. TI A high-fat diet and the threonine-encoding allele (Thr54) polymorphism of fatty acid-binding protein 2 reduce plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dietary fat; omega-3 fatty acids; Fatty acid binding protein 2; Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Women ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS; SERUM TRIGLYCERIDES; TRIACYLGLYCEROL CONCENTRATIONS; ALA54THR POLYMORPHISM; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; HDL CHOLESTEROL; NORMAL-WEIGHT; GENE; RESPONSES AB The threonine-encoding allele (Thr54) of the fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) DNA polymorphism is associated with increased triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL). We hypothesized that the TRL response to diets of varied fat content is affected by the FABP2 A54T polymorphism, specifically that a high-fat diet would reduce TRL and that the Thr54 allele would have an enhanced response. Sixteen healthy, postmenopausal women completed a crossover dietary intervention that included three 8-week, isoenergetic diet treatments. The treatments consisted of high fat (40% of energy as fat), low fat (20% of energy), and low fat + n-3 fatty acids (20% of energy plus 3% as n-3 fatty acids). Eight subjects were homozygous for the wild type (Ala54/Ala54) of the FABP2 polymorphism, whereas 8 subjects had at least 1 Thr54 allele (7, Ala54/Thr54; I, Thr54/Thr54). High-fat diet showed significantly reduced plasma TGs, chylomicron TG, and very low-density lipoprotein TG from baseline in all participants. Although carriers of the Thr54 allele of the FABP2 polymorphism had significantly reduced TRL, there is no evidence of an interaction, which does not support Our hypothesis. The alanine-encoding allele did not influence the dietary effects on the plasma lipids. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Raatz, Susan K.] USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [McColley, Steven P.; Young, Lindsay R.; Kurzer, Mindy S.; Raatz, Susan K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Georgopoulos, Angeliki] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. [Redmon, J. Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Raatz, SK (reprint author), USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM Susan.Raatz@ars.usda.gov OI Redmon, J. Bruce/0000-0002-1883-9467 FU Department of Defense [W81XWH-04-1-0448, W81XWH-06-1-0778]; USDA ARS [5450-51000-049-00D]; National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health [MO1-RR00400] FX The authors thank the study participants for their serious commitment to this study and the General Clinical Research Center staff for their assistance with clinical work and preparation of the study diets. The authors also thank Laura Kalipe for her laboratoiy expertise and Andrea Arikawa for her invaluable assistance with the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by grants from the Department of Defense (W81XWH-04-1-0448 and W81XWH-06-1-0778), USDA ARS 5450-51000-049-00D, and National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health (MO1-RR00400). Salmon of the Americas, Inc, donated salmon fillets for the controlled diets. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 31 IS 7 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.06.003 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 812TZ UT WOS:000294317100002 PM 21840466 ER PT J AU Weng, JK Akiyama, T Ralph, J Chapple, C AF Weng, Jing-Ke Akiyama, Takuya Ralph, John Chapple, Clint TI Independent Recruitment of an O-Methyltransferase for Syringyl Lignin Biosynthesis in Selaginella moellendorffii SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; DOWN-REGULATION; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; VASCULAR PLANTS; GENE CLUSTERS; EXPRESSION; DEFICIENT AB Syringyl lignin, an important component of the secondary cell wall, has traditionally been considered to be a hallmark of angiosperms because ferns and gymnosperms in general lack lignin of this type. Interestingly, syringyl lignin was also detected in Selaginella, a genus that represents an extant lineage of the most basal of the vascular plants, the lycophytes. In angiosperms, syringyl lignin biosynthesis requires the activity of ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H), a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase, and caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT). Together, these two enzymes divert metabolic flux from the biosynthesis of guaiacyl lignin, a lignin type common to all vascular plants, toward syringyl lignin. Selaginella has independently evolved an alternative lignin biosynthetic pathway in which syringyl subunits are directly derived from the precursors of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin, through the action of a dual specificity phenylpropanoid meta-hydroxylase, Sm F5H. Here, we report the characterization of an O-methyltransferase from Selaginella moellendorffii, COMT, the coding sequence of which is clustered together with F5H at the adjacent genomic locus. COMT is a bifunctional phenylpropanoid O-methyltransferase that can methylate phenylpropanoid meta-hydroxyls at both the 3- and 5-position and function in concert with F5H in syringyl lignin biosynthesis in S. moellendorffii. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Sm COMT, like F5H, evolved independently from its angiosperm counterparts. C1 [Weng, Jing-Ke; Chapple, Clint] Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Akiyama, Takuya] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Chapple, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM chapple@purdue.edu RI Ye, Mingli/G-4909-2012; Weng, Jing-Ke/E-7343-2013; Weng, Jing-Ke/A-6900-2015 OI Weng, Jing-Ke/0000-0003-1079-3668; Weng, Jing-Ke/0000-0003-3059-0075 FU National Science Foundation [IOB-0450289]; Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AI02-06ER64299]; Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (Department of Energy Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX We thank J.A. Banks for providing S. moellendorffii plant materials, D. Sherman for the technical assistance with the scanning electron microscopy, F. Lu and R. Dixon for providing chemicals for enzyme assays, and G.V. Louie and J.P. Noel for insightful discussion. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant IOB-0450289). Partial funding to J.R. was via the Department of Energy Office of Science (Grant DE-AI02-06ER64299) and the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (Department of Energy Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 66 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 2011 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2708 EP 2724 DI 10.1105/tpc.110.081547 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 810XU UT WOS:000294164300023 PM 21742988 ER PT J AU Dal Cin, V Tieman, DM Tohge, T McQuinn, R de Vos, RCH Osorio, S Schmelz, EA Taylor, MG Smits-Kroon, MT Schuurink, RC Haring, MA Giovannoni, J Fernie, AR Klee, HJ AF Dal Cin, Valeriano Tieman, Denise M. Tohge, Takayuki McQuinn, Ryan de Vos, Ric C. H. Osorio, Sonia Schmelz, Eric A. Taylor, Mark G. Smits-Kroon, Miriam T. Schuurink, Robert C. Haring, Michel A. Giovannoni, James Fernie, Alisdair R. Klee, Harry J. TI Identification of Genes in the Phenylalanine Metabolic Pathway by Ectopic Expression of a MYB Transcription Factor in Tomato Fruit SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PREPHENATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; AMINO-ACIDS; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROARRAY DATA; CELL-CULTURES; BIOSYNTHESIS; AROGENATE AB Altering expression of transcription factors can be an effective means to coordinately modulate entire metabolic pathways in plants. It can also provide useful information concerning the identities of genes that constitute metabolic networks. Here, we used ectopic expression of a MYB transcription factor, Petunia hybrida ODORANT1, to alter Phe and phenylpropanoid metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. Despite the importance of Phe and phenylpropanoids to plant and human health, the pathway for Phe synthesis has not been unambiguously determined. Microarray analysis of ripening fruits from transgenic and control plants permitted identification of a suite of coregulated genes involved in synthesis and further metabolism of Phe. The pattern of coregulated gene expression facilitated discovery of the tomato gene encoding prephenate aminotransferase, which converts prephenate to arogenate. The expression and biochemical data establish an arogenate pathway for Phe synthesis in tomato fruits. Metabolic profiling and C-13 flux analysis of ripe fruits further revealed large increases in the levels of a specific subset of phenylpropanoid compounds. However, while increased levels of these human nutrition-related phenylpropanoids may be desirable, there were no increases in levels of Phe-derived flavor volatiles. C1 [Dal Cin, Valeriano; Tieman, Denise M.; Taylor, Mark G.; Klee, Harry J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tohge, Takayuki; Osorio, Sonia; Fernie, Alisdair R.] Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [McQuinn, Ryan; Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McQuinn, Ryan; Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [de Vos, Ric C. H.] Plant Res Int, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [de Vos, Ric C. H.; Smits-Kroon, Miriam T.] Ctr BioSyst Genom, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. [de Vos, Ric C. H.] Netherlands Metabol Ctr, NL-2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands. [Schmelz, Eric A.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Smits-Kroon, Miriam T.; Schuurink, Robert C.; Haring, Michel A.] Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Klee, HJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hjklee@ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008; Osorio, Sonia/M-2258-2014; OI Osorio, Sonia/0000-0002-0159-6091 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0923312]; Florida Agricultural Experiment Station; Centre of Biosystems Genomics; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre that are part of the Netherlands Genomic Initiative; Alexander von Humboldt scholarship; Max-Planck-Society FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant IOS-0923312 (to H.J.K. and J.G.), by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, the Centre of Biosystems Genomics (M.T. S.-K., M.A.H., and R.C.H.D.) and the Netherlands Metabolomics Centre that are part of the Netherlands Genomic Initiative (R.C.H.D.), an Alexander von Humboldt scholarship (T.T.), and by the Max-Planck-Society (T.T., S.O., and A.R.F.). NR 66 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 2011 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2738 EP 2753 DI 10.1105/tpc.111.086975 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 810XU UT WOS:000294164300025 PM 21750236 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI DESCRIPTION, CIRCUMSCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETICS OF THE DIGLYPHOSEMATINI BELIZIN 1961, AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS (HYMENOPTERA: FIGITIDAE: EUCOILINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Sinatra; revision; phylogeny ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; AGROMYZIDAE; LIRIOMYZA; CYNIPOIDEA; DIPTERA; BUFFINGTON; WATERMELON AB The genera comprising the Diglyphosematini Belizin (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) are redescribed, all of the valid species are cataloged, and a key to all Diglyphosematini genera is provided. To determine the monophyly of each of the included genera, a phylogenetic analysis of 1060 ribosomal characters, 392 mitochondrial characters, and 169 morphological/biological characters was conducted for 18 ingroup taxa in both a parsimony and Bayesian framework. Based on the results presented here and elsewhere, the Diglyphosematini are comprised of the following genera: Banacuniculus Buffington, Diglyphosema Forster, Disorygma Forster, Ealata Quinlan, Ganaspidium Weld, Gronotoma Forster, Microstilba Forster, Nordlanderia Quinlan, Paradiglyphosema Lin, and Tobiasiana Kovalev. Disorygma was not recovered as monophyletic; Sinatra Buffington, new genus, also included in Diglyphosematini, is described to accommodate S. pacifica (Yoshimoto). Nordlanderia, revised status, is removed from synonymy with Tobiasiana. Characters and character states applicable specifically to Diglyphosematini are defined and illustrated. Characters supporting the monophyly of each genus are discussed. All species of Diglyphosematini whose biology has been studied in depth are parasitoids of leaf-mining and stem-mining Agromyzidae (Diptera), or rarely, of fruit infesting Tephritidae (Diptera). New host records for Diglyphosema and Ealata, as well distributions and known type repositories for each species of Diglyphosematini, are reported. C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB9712543]; Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA/ARS FX I thank Robert Wharton, James Woolley and John McEachran (Texas A&M University, College Station, TX), Goran Nordlander (Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala, Sweden), and Fredrik Ronquist (Department of Entomology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden) for outstanding guidance and support throughout the early portions of this project. Thanks also to: John LaSalle (CSIRO, Canberra, Australia) for providing reared specimens and for allowing the use of their host data; Andy Polaszek (BMNH, London) for assisting with deciphering D.J. Greathead's handwritten labels. Smithsonian Institution interns Stephanie Bailey and Jerrett McCormick assisted with the acquisition of SEM's used in this project. I also thank the curators of the institutions mentioned in the Materials and Methods section for assisting me with loans of specimens. Dave Smith and Thomas Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Washington, DC), Mattias Forshage (Department of Entomology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden), Jose-Luis Nieves Aldrey (Museo Nacional de Ciencas Naturales, Madrid, Spain) and one anonymous reviewer improved the quality of this paper immensely. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for the Enhancement and Education in Taxonomy (PEET) Grant, number DEB9712543 and the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA/ARS. Research was carried out at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 113 IS 3 BP 239 EP 290 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.3.239 PG 52 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810RT UT WOS:000294145500001 ER PT J AU Hoebeke, ER Smith, DR Goulet, H AF Hoebeke, E. Richard Smith, David R. Goulet, Henri TI ATHALIA CORNUBIAE BENSON (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE: ALLANTINAE), A SAWFLY GENUS AND SPECIES NEW TO NORTH AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE adventive species; New York; Ontario AB Athalia cornubiae Benson, an Old World species that feeds on Sedum (Crassulaceae), is reported from North America. It was collected in a Lindgren funnel trap in East Syracuse, Onondaga Co., New York, U.S.A. in 2007 and found in Malaise trap collections at a residence in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, in 2010. This is the first record of both the genus and species in the Western Hemisphere. C1 [Hoebeke, E. Richard] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Goulet, Henri] Cent Expt Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Hoebeke, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erh2@cornell.edu; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; henri.goulet@agr.gc.ca NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 113 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.3.309 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810RT UT WOS:000294145500004 ER PT J AU Monsalve, S Dombroskie, JJ Lam, WHY Rota, J Brown, JW AF Monsalve, Sabrina Dombroskie, Jason J. Lam, Winnie H. Y. Rota, Jadranka Brown, John W. TI VARIATION IN THE FEMALE FRENULUM IN TORTRICIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA). PART 3. TORTRICINAE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Archipini; Arotrophora group; asymmetry; Atteriini; bristles; Ceracini; Cochylini; Cnephasiini; Epitymbiini; Euliini; Mictopsichia group; Orthocomotis group; Schoenotenini; Sparganothini; Tortricini; variation ID LEPIDOPTERA-TORTRICIDAE; SPECIES LEPIDOPTERA; CHLIDANOTINAE; SPARGANOTHINI; PHRICANTHINI; SYSTEMATICS; GENERA AB This paper, treating the subfamily Tortricinae, represents the third and final contribution in the three-part series examining variation in the number of bristles in the female frenulum of tortricid moths. Based on the examination of 3,850 females of 1,082 species from 267 genera, the number of bristles in females varies from one to eight and frequently is asymmetrical on the same specimen (19% of specimens examined). A three-bristled frenulum (i.e., with three bristles on each side) is the most common condition in the Arotropora Meyrick group (100% of females examined), Epitymbiini (96%), Orthocomotis Dognin group (92%), Mictopsichia Hubner group (88%), Atteriini (83%), Tortricini (82%), Sparganothini (78%), Phricanthini (73%), Euliini (71%), Archipini (62%), Cnephasiini (61%), and Schoenotenini (51%). In Cochylini a two-bristled frenulum is the most common condition (i.e., 59% of all females examined). In Ceracini a four-bristled frenulum is the most common condition (i.e., 37%), with the vast majority of individuals possessing four or more bristles on at least one side; only 4% had three bristles (both sides). Although variation is rampant at the species, generic, and tribal levels, the data suggest a strong tendency for the reduction of bristles in Cochylini, where two (both sides) is the dominant condition; the addition of bristles in Ceracini, where four bristles is the most common condition; and more bristles in the largest species (e.g., Choristoneura conflictana (Walker), Zacorisca electrina (Meyrick), and Varifula sp.). C1 [Monsalve, Sabrina] Univ Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Fac Ciencias Nat, Bogota, DC, Colombia. [Dombroskie, Jason J.; Lam, Winnie H. Y.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Rota, Jadranka] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Monsalve, S (reprint author), Univ Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Fac Ciencias Nat, Carrera 4 22-61, Bogota, DC, Colombia. EM sabrina.monsalve@utadeo.edu.co; dombrosk@ualberta.ca; wnnelam@gmail.com; jrota@snm.ku.dk; john.brown@ars.usda.gov RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920 FU Director's Office, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution FX Funding for a NHRE internship for Sabrina Monsalve was received from the Director's Office, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Funding for research by Jason Dombroskie and Winnie Lam, likewise, was received through internships sponsored either in part or entirely by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. The following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript that enhanced its clarity and quality: Alex Konstantinov and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; Joaquin Baixeras, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Todd Gilligan, Colorado State University, Fort Coffins, Colorado; and an anonymous reviewer. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 113 IS 3 BP 335 EP 370 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.3.335 PG 36 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810RT UT WOS:000294145500007 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Boydston, RA Peachey, RE Robinson, D AF Williams, Martin M., II Boydston, Rick A. Peachey, R. Ed Robinson, Darren TI Significance of Atrazine as a Tank-Mix Partner with Tembotrione SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HPPD inhibitor; regulatory; risk; weed control variability; yield variability ID SWEET CORN; WEEDS; MESOTRIONE; SYSTEMS AB Manufacturers of several POST corn herbicides recommend tank-mixing their herbicides with atrazine to improve performance; however, future regulatory changes may place greater restrictions on atrazine use and limit its availability to growers. Our research objectives were to quantify the effects of tank-mixing atrazine with tembotrione compared to tembotrione alone on (1) weed control, (2) variability in weed control, and (3) sweet corn yield components and yield variability. Field studies were conducted for 2 yr each in Illinois, Oregon, Washington, and Ontario, Canada. Tembotrione at 31 g ha(-1) was applied alone and with atrazine at 370 g ha(-1) POST at the four-to five-collar stage of corn. The predominant weed species observed in the experiment were common to corn production, including large crabgrass, wild-proso millet, common lambsquarters, and velvetleaf. For nearly every weed species and species group, the addition of atrazine improved tembotrione performance by increasing mean levels of weed control 3 to 45% at 2 wk after treatment. Adding atrazine reduced variation (i.e., standard deviation) in control of the weed community by 45%. Sweet corn ear number and ear mass were 9 and 13% higher, respectively, and less variable when atrazine was applied with tembotrione, compared to tembotrione alone. Additional restrictions or the complete loss of atrazine for use in corn will necessitate major changes in sweet corn weed management systems. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Guelph, Ridgetown, ON NOP 2CO, Canada. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu RI Robinson, Darren/A-3959-2013 FU Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission FX The authors appreciate the technical assistance of Treva Anderson, Kristen McNaughton, Jim Moody, Encarnacion Rivera, and the many students who helped in conducting the field experiments. We also thank Crookham Company and General Mills for providing seed, Bayer CropScience for providing herbicide, and the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission for providing partial financial support. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.1614/WT-D-10-00140.1 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 811LS UT WOS:000294212600001 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. TI Corn Tolerance to Weed Interference Varies with Preceding Crop SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop diversity; crop sequence; synergism among crops ID PEST-MANAGEMENT; PLANT-DISEASE; GREAT-PLAINS; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; WHEAT; RHIZOBACTERIA; AGRICULTURE; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Crop diversity may improve tolerance to weed interference and reduce the need for herbicides. This experiment measured weed interference in corn as affected by the preceding crop in two studies. The first study, based on interference of the resident weed community, compared dry pea, soybean, canola, and spring wheat for effect on corn tolerance to weeds. Prominent weeds were green and yellow foxtail. The second study examined corn tolerance to a uniform infestation of foxtail millet as affected by dry pea, soybean, spring wheat, and corn as preceding crops. Each plot was split into weed-free and weed-infested subplots in both studies. Corn was most tolerant to weed interference following dry pea; compared with soybean, dry pea improved corn tolerance more than twofold. Corn also yielded the highest in weed-free conditions following dry pea; compared across 4 yr, corn yielded 7 to 23% more following dry pea than following either soybean or spring wheat. Crop diversity has helped producers reduce herbicide inputs in the Great Plains and may provide an additional benefit of reducing weed impact on crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randy.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 486 EP 491 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00018.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 811LS UT WOS:000294212600028 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Jackson, DM AF Harrison, H. F., Jr. Jackson, D. M. TI Greenhouse Assessment of Differences in Clomazone Tolerance among Sweetpotato Cultivars SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herbicide tolerance; injury; susceptibility ID IPOMOEA-BATATAS AB Differences in clomazone tolerance among sweetpotato cultivars were first observed in April 2007 after use of the herbicide for weed control in fields containing the sweetpotato breeding project at the U. S. Vegetable Laboratory. Susceptible cultivars and experimental clones exhibited severe foliar chlorosis and reduced growth, whereas the most tolerant were not injured. Twelve cultivars and experimental clones were included in a greenhouse experiment to quantify the differences in clomazone tolerance. In the greenhouse, the clomazone concentration that caused moderate injury or reduction in shoot growth to the most tolerant clones was approximately 10 times the concentration that caused a similar response in the most susceptible clones. Two older cultivars, Excel and Sumor, that were developed before the registration of clomazone for use in sweetpotato were susceptible. Clomazone is an important component in sweetpotato weed management, and susceptibility is an undesirable trait that should be avoided in new sweetpotato cultivars. C1 [Harrison, H. F., Jr.; Jackson, D. M.] Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM howard.harrison@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1614/WT-D-10-00132.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 811LS UT WOS:000294212600030 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Papiernik, SK Gesch, RW AF Forcella, F. Papiernik, S. K. Gesch, R. W. TI Cuphea Tolerates Clopyralid SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dose response; herbicide; injury; oilseed; postemergence; PSR-23; tolerance ID GROWTH; YIELD; OIL AB Cuphea is a new crop of temperate regions that produces seed oil that can substitute for imported coconut and palm kernel oils. Only four herbicides are known to be tolerated by cuphea to date. More herbicides, especially POST products, are needed for continued commercialization. In Minnesota and North Dakota, where cuphea currently is grown, greater control of Canada thistle and biennial wormwood is needed in cuphea. Because clopyralid is effective on both of these species, it was tested at rates ranging from about 25 to 850 g ae ha(-1) in greenhouse and field trials. Visual assessment of injury, height, growth, and seed yield of cuphea were not reduced significantly in field-grown plants when clopyralid was applied at rates up to 400 g ae ha(-1). Thus, at the rate commonly used in other crops, 200 g ae ha(-1), clopyralid can be applied safely to cuphea. C1 [Forcella, F.; Papiernik, S. K.; Gesch, R. W.] Agr Res Serv, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM frank.forcella@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 511 EP 513 DI 10.1614/WT-D-10-00173.1 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 811LS UT WOS:000294212600032 ER PT J AU Hans, DB Kanis, JA Baim, S Bilezikian, JP Binkley, N Cauley, JA Compston, JE Cooper, C Dawson-Hughes, B El-Hajj Fuleihan, G Leslie, WD Lewiecki, EM Luckey, MM McCloskey, EV Papapoulos, SE Poiana, C Rizzoli, R AF Hans, Didier B. Kanis, John A. Baim, Sanford Bilezikian, John P. Binkley, Neil Cauley, Jane A. Compston, Juliet E. Cooper, Cyrus Dawson-Hughes, Bess El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada Leslie, William D. Lewiecki, E. Michael Luckey, Marjorie M. McCloskey, Eugene V. Papapoulos, Socrates E. Poiana, Catalina Rizzoli, Rene CA FRAX Position Dev Conf Members TI Joint Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation on FRAX (R) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY LA English DT Article DE Osteoporosis - clinical risk factors; fracture probability; risk assessment; clinical risk factors; bone mineral density; official positions; standards; world-wide ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TECHNICAL ISSUES; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; MANAGEMENT; WOMEN; DIAGNOSIS; MEN AB The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) convened the FRAX (R) Position Development Conference (PDC) in Bucharest, Romania, on November 14, 2010, following a two-day joint meeting of the ISCD and IOF on the "Interpretation and Use of FRAX (R) in Clinical Practice." These three days of critical discussion and debate, led by a panel of international experts from the ISCD, IOF and dedicated task forces, have clarified a number of important issues pertaining to the interpretation and implementation of FRAX (R) in clinical practice. The Official Positions resulting from the PDC are intended to enhance the quality and clinical utility of fracture risk assessment worldwide. Since the field of skeletal assessment is still evolving rapidly, some clinically important issues addressed at the PDCs are not associated with robust medical evidence. Accordingly, some Official Positions are based largely on expert opinion. Despite limitations inherent in such a process, the ISCD and IOF believe it is important to provide clinicians and technologists with the best distillation of current knowledge in the discipline of bone densitometry and provide an important focus for the scientific community to consider. This report describes the methodology and results of the ISCD-IOF PDC dedicated to FRAX (R). C1 [Hans, Didier B.] Univ Lausanne Hosp, Ctr Bone Dis, Dept Bone & Joint, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kanis, John A.] Univ Sheffield, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Baim, Sanford] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bilezikian, John P.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Binkley, Neil] Univ Wisconsin, Osteoporosis Clin Res Program, Madison, WI USA. [Cauley, Jane A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Compston, Juliet E.] Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Cambridge, England. [Cooper, Cyrus] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Cooper, Cyrus] Univ Oxford, Inst Musculoskeletal Sci, NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomed Res Unit, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer United States Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada] Amer Univ Beirut, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Disorders, Beirut, Lebanon. [Leslie, William D.] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Lewiecki, E. Michael] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, New Mexico Clin Res & Osteoporosis Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Luckey, Marjorie M.] St Barnabas Osteoporosis & Metab Bone Dis Ctr, Livingston, NJ USA. [McCloskey, Eugene V.] No Gen Hosp, Ctr Biomed Res, NIHR Bone Biomed Res Unit, Sheffield S5 7AU, S Yorkshire, England. [Papapoulos, Socrates E.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Leiden, Netherlands. [Poiana, Catalina] Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Endocrinol, Bucharest, Romania. [Rizzoli, Rene] Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Rehabil & Geriatr, Div Bone Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. [Rizzoli, Rene] Fac Med, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hans, DB (reprint author), Univ Lausanne Hosp, Ctr Bone Dis, Dept Bone & Joint, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM didier.hans@ascendys.ch RI Moayyeri, Alireza/N-3332-2014; Stepan, Jan /A-7280-2013; OI Moayyeri, Alireza/0000-0002-9143-2161; Stepan, Jan /0000-0003-1541-8306; Cauley, Jane A/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU Amgen Pharmaceuticals; Servier; Hologic Inc; GE Healthcare/Medist; Daiichi-Sankyo; Terapia Ranbaxy; MSD; GlaxoSmithKline; Ascendys; Novartis; Teva; Eli Lilly Company; CHUV (Lausanne University Hospital); Nycomed Switzerland; Besins Healthcare / Sodimed; Roche Switzerland; Chimimport-Plurimex; Romgermed Medical Group; Bioclinica; Synarc; Medimaps; Scanco Medical; Hyllan; Medilink; BearnMed FX Financial support for the 2010 PDC was received in the form of unrestricted grants from (in decreasing level of sponsorship) Amgen Pharmaceuticals, Servier, Hologic Inc, GE Healthcare/Medist, Daiichi-Sankyo, Terapia Ranbaxy, MSD, GlaxoSmithKline, Ascendys, Novartis, Teva, Eli Lilly & Company, CHUV (Lausanne University Hospital), Nycomed Switzerland, Besins Healthcare / Sodimed, Roche Switzerland, Chimimport-Plurimex, Romgermed Medical Group, Bioclinica, Synarc, Medimaps, Scanco Medical, Hyllan, Medilink, BearnMed. Funders and their representatives had no role in the selection of PDC topics, participants, or development and rating of the joint ISCD-IOF Official Positions. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1094-6950 EI 1559-0747 J9 J CLIN DENSITOM JI J. Clin. Densitom. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.jocd.2011.05.007 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 808PC UT WOS:000293989900001 PM 21810521 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Bextine, B AF Valles, Steven M. Bextine, Blake TI Examination of host genome for the presence of integrated fragments of Solenopsis invicta virus 1 SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dicistroviridae; Genome integration; Single-stranded RNA virus; Picornavirales ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; MULTIPLEX PCR; RNA VIRUS; SEQUENCE; DICISTROVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; DISCOVERY; SINV-1; GENE AB A series of oligonucleotide primer pairs covering the entire genome of Solenopsis invicta virus 1 (SINV-1) were used to probe the genome of its host, S. invicta, for integrated fragments of the viral genome. All of the oligonucleotide primer sets yielded amplicons of anticipated size from cDNA created from an RNA template from SINV-1. However, no corresponding amplification was observed when genomic DNA (from 32 colonies of S. invicta) was used as template for the PCR amplifications. Host DNA integrity was verified by amplification of an ant-specific gene, SiGSTS1. The representation of fire ant colonies included both social forms, monogyne and polygyne, and those infected and uninfected with SINV-1. Furthermore, no amplification was observed from genomic DNA from ant samples collected from Argentina or the US. Thus, it appears that SINV-1 genome integration, or a portion therein, has not likely occurred within the S. invicta host genuine. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Valles, Steven M.] ARS, USDA, Imported Fire Ant & Household Insects Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Bextine, Blake] Univ Texas Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Imported Fire Ant & Household Insects Res Unit, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 3 BP 212 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.04.005 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 808NT UT WOS:000293986400008 PM 21536046 ER PT J AU Chaimanee, V Chen, YP Pettis, JS Cornman, RS Chantawannakul, P AF Chaimanee, Veeranan Chen, Yanping Pettis, Jeffery S. Cornman, R. Scott Chantawannakul, Panuwan TI Phylogenetic analysis of Nosema ceranae isolated from European and Asian honeybees in Northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nosema ceranae; Apis mellifera; Apis cerana; Apis dorsata; Apis florea; Polar tube protein (PTP 1) gene; Phylogenetic relationship ID BEES APIS-MELLIFERA; MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE; LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS; COLONY COLLAPSE; PATHOGEN; HYMENOPTERA; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; TAIWAN; APIDAE AB Nosema ceranae was found to infect four different host species including the European honeybee (A. mellifera) and the Asian honeybees (Apis florea. A. cerana and Apis dorsata) collected from apiaries and forests in Northern Thailand. Significant sequence variation in the polar tube protein (PTP1) gene of N. ceranae was observed with N. ceranae isolates from A. mellifera and A. cerana, they clustered into the same phylogenetic lineage. N. ceranae isolates from A. dorsata and A. florea were grouped into two other distinct clades. This study provides the first elucidation of a genetic relationship among N. ceranae strains isolated from different host species and demonstrates that the N. ceranae PTP gene was shown to be a suitable and reliable marker in revealing genetic relationships within species. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chaimanee, Veeranan; Chantawannakul, Panuwan] Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Chen, Yanping; Pettis, Jeffery S.; Cornman, R. Scott] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chantawannakul, Panuwan] Chiang Mai Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Chantawannakul, P (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM panuwan@gmail.com FU Thailand Commission on Higher Education; National Research University under Thailand's Office of the Higher Education Commission; Thailand Research Fund [RSA 5280010]; USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory FX We would like to thank the Thailand Commission on Higher Education for grant support funding under the program of Strategic Scholarships for Frontier Research Network for the Joint Ph.D. Program Thai Doctoral degree and National Research University Project under Thailand's Office of the Higher Education Commission. We also thank the Thailand Research Fund (RSA 5280010) and the USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory for financial support. We thank Michele Hamilton for her excellent technical help with the project. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 3 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.05.012 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 808NT UT WOS:000293986400012 PM 21600213 ER PT J AU Cheng, LW Henderson, TD AF Cheng, Luisa W. Henderson, Thomas D., II TI Comparison of oral toxicological properties of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and B SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Botulinum neurotoxins; Clostridium botulinum; Neurotoxin associated proteins (NAPs); Bioavailability; Food matrices ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INCREASE TOXIN ABSORPTION; HA PROTEINS; PROGENITOR TOXINS; COMPLEX GENES; STRAINS; BINDING; TRANSCYTOSIS; TOXICITIES; STABILITY AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most potent biological toxins for humans. Of the seven known serotypes (A-G) of BoNT, serotypes A, B and E cause most of the foodborne intoxications in humans. BoNTs in nature are associated with non-toxic accessory proteins known as neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs), forming large complexes that have been shown to play important roles in oral toxicity. Using mouse intraperitoneal and oral models of botulism, we determined the dose response to both BoNT/B holotoxin and complex toxins, and compared the toxicities of BoNT/B and BoNT/A complexes. Although serotype A and B complexes have similar NAP composition, BoNT/B formed larger-sized complexes, and was approximately 90 times more lethal in mouse oral intoxications than BoNT/A complexes. When normalized by mean lethal dose, mice orally treated with high doses of BoNT/B complex showed a delayed time-to-death when compared with mice treated with BoNT/A complex. Furthermore, we determined the effect of various food matrices on oral toxicity of BoNT/A and BoNT/B complexes. BoNT/B complexes showed lower oral bioavailability in liquid egg matrices when compared to BoNT/A complexes. In summary, our studies revealed several factors that can either enhance or reduce the toxicity and oral bioavailability of BoNTs. Dissecting the complexities of the different BoNT serotypes and their roles in foodborne botulism will lead to a better understanding of toxin biology and aid future food risk assessments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cheng, Luisa W.; Henderson, Thomas D., II] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cheng, LW (reprint author), ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Luisa.Cheng@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [NP108]; CRIS [5325-42000-043-00D]; National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases Service [U54 AI065359] FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Program project NP108, CRIS 5325-42000-043-00D. L.W.C. was also funded by the National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases Service Grant U54 AI065359. Funding sources had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUL PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.05.003 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 809DC UT WOS:000294031000008 PM 21600236 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Zalapa, JE Jakubowski, AR Price, DL Acharya, A Wei, YL Brummer, EC Kaeppler, SM Casler, MD AF Zhang, Yunwei Zalapa, Juan E. Jakubowski, Andrew R. Price, David L. Acharya, Ananta Wei, Yanling Brummer, E. Charles Kaeppler, Shawn M. Casler, Michael D. TI Post-glacial evolution of Panicum virgatum: centers of diversity and gene pools revealed by SSR markers and cpDNA sequences SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; DNA markers; Genetic diversity; Genetic structure; Post-glacial migration ID PLANT ADAPTATION REGIONS; SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; ECOTYPIC VARIATION; CENTRAL FLORIDA; COASTAL-PLAIN; ICE AGES; RECORD; GRASSES; NUMBER AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a central and Eastern USA native, is highly valued as a component in tallgrass prairie and savanna restoration and conservation projects and a potential bioenergy feedstock. The purpose of this study was to identify regional diversity, gene pools, and centers-of-diversity of switchgrass to gain an understanding of its post-glacial evolution and to identify both the geographic range and potential overlap between functional gene pools. We sampled a total of 384 genotypes from 49 accessions that included the three main taxonomic groups of switchgrass (lowland 4x, upland 4x, and upland 8x) along with one accession possessing an intermediate phenotype. We identified primary centers of diversity for switchgrass in the eastern and western Gulf Coast regions. Migration, drift, and selection have led to adaptive radiation in switchgrass, creating regional gene pools within each of the main taxa. We estimate that both upland-lowland divergence and 4x-to-8x polyploidization within switchgrass began approximately 1.5-1 M ybp and that subsequent ice age cycles have resulted in gene flow between ecotype lineages and between ploidy levels. Gene flow has resulted in "hot spots" of genetic diversity in the southeastern USA and along the Atlantic Seaboard. C1 [Zalapa, Juan E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhang, Yunwei] China Agr Univ, Grassland Inst, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Zalapa, Juan E.; Kaeppler, Shawn M.; Casler, Michael D.] DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Jakubowski, Andrew R.; Price, David L.; Kaeppler, Shawn M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Acharya, Ananta; Wei, Yanling; Brummer, E. Charles] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Acharya, Ananta; Wei, Yanling; Brummer, E. Charles] DOE BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Brummer, E. Charles] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Zalapa, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Juan.Zalapa@ars.usda.gov OI Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC, DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494]; USDA-ARS CRIS [3655-41000-003-00D, 3655-41000-004-00D]; University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Stations; University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology, PR China [2008BADB3B04, 2009BADA7B04, 2011AA100209]; DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC, DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; National Science Foundation [NSF IOS 0922457] FX We thank Nick Baker, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI, and Jonathan Markham and Wesley Dean, University of Georgia, for assistance with field-plot establishment and maintenance. We thank Dr. Ken Vogel, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, for many fruitful discussions, particularly his suggestion of the connection between Fort Robinson and U. S. Army bases in the eastern USA. We thank Denise Costich, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY, for kindly supplying a confirmed hexaploid control plant for our flow cytometry assays. We also thank Donna Tabor, Fort Bragg Historian, U. S. Army, for assistance in locating written historical records. We thank the Florida State Park Service for permission to collect switchgrass accessions on Florida State Park lands. This work was funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC, DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). Additional funding for this project was provided by the following organizations and grants: USDA-ARS CRIS Project Nos. 3655-41000-003-00D and 3655-41000-004-00D; the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Stations; the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; the Ministry of Science and Technology, PR China, Project Nos. 2008BADB3B04, 2009BADA7B04, and 2011AA100209; and Project 1.3.3.3 of the DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC, DOE Office of Science BER DE-AC05-00OR22725). Both GLBRC and BESC are U. S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Centers supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. This project represents a formal collaboration between GLBRC, BESC, and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. Mention of a trademark, product name, or brand does not imply endorsement of a product over any other product by the USDA-ARS, the University of Georgia, or the U. S. Department of Energy. Panicum hallii sequence data were kindly provided to us by Eli Meyer and Tom Juenger of the University of Texas, Austin, TX. Their efforts were supported through National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program NSF IOS 0922457. Christian Tobias, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA kindly provided the full chloroplast sequence of P. virgatum cv. Kanlow as a reference genome for alignment of P. hallii fragments. NR 72 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JUL PY 2011 VL 139 IS 7 BP 933 EP 948 DI 10.1007/s10709-011-9597-6 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 798XG UT WOS:000293244900010 PM 21786028 ER PT J AU Gordon, VS Staub, JE AF Gordon, Vanessa S. Staub, Jack E. TI Comparative Analysis of Chilling Response in Cucumber Through Plastidic and Nuclear Genetic Effects Component Analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chilling injury; environmental stress; abiotic tolerance; plastid; SNP; breeding; cucurbits; Cucumis sativus ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; CHLOROPLAST; LIGHT; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE; STRESS; PLANT; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Chilling damage can cause major reductions in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) yield. Cucumber plants can withstand a chilling event (i.e., tolerance and susceptibility), in which response is dictated primarily by maternally inherited plastid genomes or by the biparental contribution of a nuclear factor. To examine the modes of inheritance, exact reciprocal backcross cucumber populations (BC(1)-(5)), were created by crossing 'Chipper' (chilling-tolerant plastid, susceptible nucleus) and line North Carolina State University (NCSU) M29 (chilling-susceptible plastid, susceptible nucleus). These progeny and their parents were subjected to chilling stress 15.5 h at 4 degrees C in 270 mu mol.m(-2).s(-1) photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) cool white lighting] at the first true-leaf stage. The chilling response of individuals possessing either NCSU M29 or 'Chipper' cytoplasm in any generational comparison was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of the maternal plastid source (susceptible or tolerant). Moreover, lines within a plastid type did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in chilling response despite unequal nuclear contributions demonstrating the absence of nuclear additive or dosage effects originating in 'Chipper' or NCSU M29. Additionally, line NC-76, previously identified as a nuclear source of chilling tolerance, performed intermediate to 'Chipper' and NCSU M29 in chilling response under these stress conditions. The F(1) progeny derived from crossing both BC(5) plastidic response types (susceptible and tolerant) with NC-76 (paternal parent) performed comparable to their plastid donors and were significantly different (P < 0.0001) from one another despite their heterozygous nuclear nature resulting from the contribution of the nuclear chilling-tolerant factor contributed by NC-76. The response of tolerant and susceptible BC(5) lines (i.e., 'Chipper' plastid in the NCSU M29 background and NCSU M29 plastid in 'Chipper' background, respectively) was reversible by crossing BC progeny with an alternate chilling-response plastid type. It is concluded that under these chilling conditions, plastid effects determine tolerance or susceptibility in the cucumber germplasms examined. C1 [Gordon, Vanessa S.; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gordon, VS (reprint author), Abbott & Cobb Inc, 11460 Fortune Circle, W Palm Beach, FL 33414 USA. EM vanessa_gordon@abbottcobb.com OI Gordon, Vanessa S/0000-0001-6490-6985 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 136 IS 4 BP 256 EP 264 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 805ZC UT WOS:000293768600004 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Clevidence, BA Rao, D Vinyard, BT AF Haynes, Kathleen G. Clevidence, Beverly A. Rao, David Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Inheritance of Carotenoid Content in Tetraploid x Diploid Potato Crosses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Solanum phureja; Solanum stenotomum; yellow-flesh; zeaxanthin; antheraxanthin; violaxanthin; neoxanthin; lutein ID BREEDING LINES; BETA-CAROTENE; 2N POLLEN; HERITABILITY; CULTIVARS; PIGMENT; TUBERS; LUTEIN; ACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Carotenoids have a wide range of human health benefits. Yellow-fleshed tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars have more than twice the concentration of carotenoids as white-fleshed cultivars. However, carotenoid concentrations in some diploid potatoes have been reported to be up to 13 times higher than in 'Yukon Gold', the most popular yellow-fleshed potato cultivar grown in the United States, and up to 22 times higher than in white-fleshed potatoes. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using these high-carotenoid diploids to develop high-carotenoid tetraploid germplasm. Three diploid clones with high (dark yellow-flesh), moderate (moderate yellow-flesh), and low (white cream-flesh) carotenoid levels that produced 2n pollen were crossed with a light yellow-fleshed tetraploid advanced breeding selection to determine the inheritance of carotenoid content. Twenty-six to 43 progeny from these three 4x-2x families were grown in a replicated field experiment in Presque Isle, ME, for 2 years. After harvest, carotenoids were extracted and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography in 13 to 14 randomly selected clones from each family; however, flesh color was scored as white or yellow in all progeny. A continuous distribution of carotenoid concentration with high- and low-carotenoid segregants was observed in all three families. There were no significant differences among these three families for individual or total carotenoid concentrations; however, there were significant differences among clones within families. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high for total carotenoid (0.81), lutein (0.77), zeaxanthin (0.73), and the lycopene beta-cyclase pathway carotenoids (0.73); moderate for neoxanthin (0.42); and low for violaxanthin (0.21) and antheraxanthin (0.13). Based on flesh color segregation, the two yellow-fleshed diploid parents were heterozygous for the Chy2 allele governing yellow-flesh and produced 2n gametes by a second division restitution mechanism. It appears that selection for high-carotenoid tetraploid germplasm can be made from within any family with at least one yellow-fleshed parent. Selections will have to be made on an individual clonal basis rather than on a family basis. C1 [Haynes, Kathleen G.] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Clevidence, Beverly A.; Rao, David] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 136 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 805ZC UT WOS:000293768600005 ER PT J AU Zhou, SP Sauve, RJ Liu, Z Reddy, S Bhatti, S Hucko, SD Fish, T Thannhauser, TW AF Zhou, Suping Sauve, Roger J. Liu, Zong Reddy, Sasikiran Bhatti, Sarabjit Hucko, Simon D. Fish, Tara Thannhauser, Theodore W. TI Identification of Salt-induced Changes in Leaf and Root Proteomes of the Wild Tomato, Solanum chilense SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; glycolate shunt; photorespiration; signal transduction; antioxidant; gene expression regulators; ion transporter; branched-chain amino acids; proteomics; glucose catabolism ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; STRESS; PLANTS; TOLERANCE; SALINITY; EXPRESSION; PENNELLII; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB This article reports salt-induced changes in leaf and root proteomes after wild tomato (Solanum chilense) plants were treated with 200 mm NaCl. In leaf tissues, a total of 176 protein spots showed significant changes (P < 0.05), of which 104 spots were induced and 72 spots suppressed. Salt-induced proteins are associated with the following pathways: photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, glyoxylate shunt, glycine cleavage system, branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, protein folding, defense and cellular protection, signal transduction, ion transport, and antioxidant activities. Suppressed proteins belong to the following categories: oxidative phosphorylation pathway, photorespiration and protein translational machinery, oxidative stress, and ATPases. In root tissues, 106 protein spots changed significantly (P < 0.05) after the salt treatment, 63 spots were induced, and 43 suppressed by salt treatment. Salt-induced proteins are associated with the following functional pathways: regeneration of S-adenosyl methionine, protein folding, selective ion transport, antioxidants and defense mechanism, signal transduction and gene expression regulation, and branched-chain amino acid synthesis. Salt-suppressed proteins are receptor kinase proteins, peroxidases and germin-like proteins, malate dehydrogenase, and glycine dehydrogenase. In this study, different members of proteins were identified from leaf and root tissues after plants were subjected to salt treatment. These proteins represent tissue-specific changes in salt-induced proteomes. When protein expression was compared in the context of metabolic pathways, the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, glucose catabolism toward reducing cellular glucose level, and the antioxidant, detoxification, and selective ion uptake and transport were induced in both root and leaf tissues. These changes appear to be associated with salt tolerance in the whole plant. C1 [Zhou, Suping; Sauve, Roger J.; Liu, Zong; Reddy, Sasikiran; Bhatti, Sarabjit] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Hucko, Simon D.; Fish, Tara; Thannhauser, Theodore W.] USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhou, SP (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM zsuping@tnstate.edu FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food, and Agriculture [2010-65114-20405]; 1890 Capacity Building Program; Evans-Allen Research Funds FX This project was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2010-65114-20405 from the USDA National Institute of Food, and Agriculture, 1890 Capacity Building Program, and Evans-Allen Research Funds. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 136 IS 4 BP 288 EP 302 PG 15 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 805ZC UT WOS:000293768600008 ER PT J AU Shriver, S Yang, WD Chung, SY Percival, S AF Shriver, Sandra Yang, Wade Chung, Si-Yin Percival, Susan TI Pulsed Ultraviolet Light Reduces Immunoglobulin E Binding to Atlantic White Shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) Extract SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE allergen; allergy; shrimp; pulsed ultraviolet light; PUV; tropomyosin; IgE antibodies ID IGE-BINDING; UV-LIGHT; ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES; MAILLARD REACTION; PEANUT ALLERGENS; FOOD ALLERGY; MILK ALLERGY; TROPOMYOSIN; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Pulsed ultraviolet light (PUV), a novel food processing and preservation technology, has been shown to reduce allergen levels in peanut and soybean samples. In this study, the efficacy of using PUV to reduce the reactivity of the major shrimp allergen, tropomyosin (36-kDa), and to attenuate immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding to shrimp extract was examined. Atlantic white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) extract was treated with PUV (3 pulses/s, 10 cm from light source) for 4 min. Tropomyosin was compared in the untreated, boiled, PUV-treated and [boiled+PUV]-treated samples, and changes in the tropomyosin levels were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). IgE binding of the treated extract was analyzed via immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using pooled human plasma containing IgE antibodies against shrimp allergens. Results showed that levels of tropomyosin and IgE binding were reduced following PUV treatment. However, boiling increased IgE binding, while PUV treatment could offset the increased allergen reactivity caused by boiling. In conclusion, PUV treatment reduced the reactivity of the major shrimp allergen, tropomyosin, and decreased the IgE binding capacity of the shrimp extract. C1 [Shriver, Sandra; Yang, Wade; Percival, Susan] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chung, Si-Yin] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Yang, WD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, POB 110370,359 FSHN Bldg,Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sandrakshriver@ufl.edu; wade.yang@ufl.edu; siyin.chung@ars.usda.gov; percival@ufl.edu FU University of Florida FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Melanie Correll, University of Florida, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, for her intellectual input concerning this manuscript. Publication of this article was funded in part by the University of Florida Open-Access Publishing Fund. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUL PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2569 EP 2583 DI 10.3390/ijerph8072569 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796QS UT WOS:000293067300001 PM 21845146 ER PT J AU Sing, SE Peterson, RKD AF Sing, Sharlene E. Peterson, Robert K. D. TI Assessing Environmental Risks for Established Invasive Weeds: Dalmatian (Linaria dalmatica) and Yellow (L. vulgaris) Toadflax in North America SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE invasive species; risk analysis; exposure assessment; ecological risk; Linaria ID CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS; ADHATODA-VASICA; IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ASSESSMENT SYSTEM; PLANT INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; SCROPHULARIACEAE; MILL; PLANTAGINACEAE AB Environmental risk assessments characterizing potential environmental impacts of exotic weeds are more abundant and comprehensive for potential or new invaders than for widespread and well-established species such as Dalmatian (Linaria dalmatica [L.] Mill.) and yellow (L. vulgaris Mill.) toadflax. Specific effects evaluated in our assessment of environmental risks posed by yellow and Dalmatian toadflax included competitive displacement of other plant species, reservoirs of plant disease, animal and insect use, animal toxicity, human toxicity and allergenicity, erosion, and wildfire. Effect and exposure uncertainties for potential impacts of toadflax on human and ecological receptors were rated. Using publicly available information we were able to characterize ecological and human health impacts associated with toadflax, and to identify specific data gaps contributing to a high uncertainty of risk. Evidence supporting perceived negative environmental impacts of invasive toadflax was scarce. C1 [Sing, Sharlene E.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Peterson, Robert K. D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sing, SE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1648 S 7th Ave,MSU Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ssing@fs.fed.us; bpeterson@montana.edu FU Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA FX We thank J. Schleier and J. Bodin for their contributions to the development of this manuscript. We greatly appreciate the comments and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. This study was funded in part by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. NR 133 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JUL PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2828 EP 2853 DI 10.3390/ijerph8072828 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 796QS UT WOS:000293067300016 PM 21845161 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC AF Goslee, Sarah C. TI Analyzing Remote Sensing Data in R: The landsat Package SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric correction; Landsat; radiometric correction; R; remote sensing; satellite; topographic correction ID TM DATA; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; NORMALIZATION; REFLECTANCE; ETM+ AB Research and development on atmospheric and topographic correction methods for multispectral satellite data such as Landsat images has far outpaced the availability of those methods in geographic information systems software. As Landsat and other data become more widely available, demand for these improved correction methods will increase. Open source R statistical software can help bridge the gap between research and implementation. Sophisticated spatial data routines are already available, and the ease of program development in R makes it straightforward to implement new correction algorithms and to assess the results. Collecting radiometric, atmospheric, and topographic correction routines into the landsat package will make them readily available for evaluation for particular applications C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Sarah.Goslee@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRCS FX This work contributes to the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), jointly funded, coordinated and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service, and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-NRCS. Forrest R. Stevens provided considerable assistance in locating a problem with an earlier version of landsat. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 24 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 43 IS 4 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 800TP UT WOS:000293390400001 ER PT J AU Mertins, JW Torrence, SM Sterner, MC AF Mertins, James W. Torrence, Shannon M. Sterner, M. C. TI CHIGGERS RECENTLY INFESTING SPEA SPP. IN TEXAS, USA, WERE EUTROMBICULA ALFREDDUGESI, NOT HANNEMANIA SP. SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; ectoparasite; playa; spadefoot toad; Spea bombifrons; Spea multiplicata ID ACARINA-TROMBICULIDAE; PARASITENGONA AB Upon re-examination of preserved larval chiggers collected from spadefoot toads (Spea bombifrons. and Spea multiplicata) in the Southern High Plains of Texas, USA, and identified previously as Hannemania sp., we found them to be Eutrombicula alfreddugesi. A review of previous reports of Eutrombicula spp. chiggers on amphibian hosts provides context for current findings. All members of the genus Hannemania are specialized larval parasites of amphibians, whereas larval E. alfreddugesi are generalist parasites of a wide variety of terrestrial vertebrate hosts that infrequently includes amphibians. Spadefoot toads are previously undocumented hosts for E. alfreddugesi, and observed infestations were unusually prevalent and intense for this chigger on an amphibian host. C1 [Mertins, James W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Torrence, Shannon M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Fairbanks Field Off, Ecol Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Sterner, M. C.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM james.w.mertins@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 612 EP 617 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500013 PM 21719825 ER PT J AU Rhyan, JC Miller, MW Spraker, TR McCollum, M Nol, P Wolfe, LL Davis, TR Creekmore, L O'Rourke, KI AF Rhyan, Jack C. Miller, Michael W. Spraker, Terry R. McCollum, Matt Nol, Pauline Wolfe, Lisa L. Davis, Tracy R. Creekmore, Lynn O'Rourke, Katherine I. TI Failure of Fallow Deer (Dama dama) to Develop Chronic Wasting Disease When Exposed to a Contaminated Environment and Infected Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chronic wasting disease (CWD); Dama dama; fallow deer; prion; spongiform encephalopathy ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; PRION TRANSMISSION; ORAL-TRANSMISSION; VALIDATION; CWD AB We monitored a herd of fallow deer (Dama dama) for evidence of priori infection for 7 yr by periodic postmortem examination of animals from the herd. The fallow deer were exposed to the chronic wasting disease (CWD) agent from mule deer by living in a paddock considered contaminated with infectivity from its history of housing CWD infected deer and, after the first year of the study, by comingling with infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). At least 8 of 12 mule deer serving as sentinels for prion transmission and 25 additional mule deer serving as sources of infectivity developed clinical CWD or were otherwise confirmed to be infected with CWD via lymphoid tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC). In contrast, none of the 41 exposed fallow deer showed clinical signs suggestive of CWD, IHC staining of disease-associated pm-ion in lymphoid or brain tissues, or evidence of spongiform degeneration in sections of brain stem at the level of the obex when sampled 18 too to 7 yr after entering the mule deer paddock. The absence of clinical disease and negative IHC results in fallow deer housed in the same contaminated paddock for up to 7 yr and almost continuously exposed to CWD-infected mule deer for up to 6 yr suggests a species barrier or other form of resistance preventing fallow deer infection by the CWD agent or delaying progression of the disease in this species. C1 [Rhyan, Jack C.; McCollum, Matt; Nol, Pauline] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Miller, Michael W.; Wolfe, Lisa L.; Davis, Tracy R.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Creekmore, Lynn] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Nat Resources Res Ctr, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [O'Rourke, Katherine I.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Rhyan, JC (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jack.c.rhyan@aphis.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA); Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Veterinary Services; Colorado Division of Wildlife; USDA, Agriculture Research Service FX Our study was funded by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, and the Colorado Division of Wildlife, with some funding also provided by the USDA, Agriculture Research Service. We thank Tom Gidlewski, Karl Held, and Roger Thompson for assistance with necropsies. Tom Gidlewski provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of our manuscript. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 739 EP 744 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500032 PM 21719844 ER PT J AU Cardenas-Canales, EM Ortega-Santos, JA Campbell, TA Garcia-Vazquez, Z Cantu-Covarrubias, A Figueroa-Millan, JV DeYoung, RW Hewitt, DG Bryant, FC AF Cardenas-Canales, Elsa M. Ortega-Santos, J. Alfonso Campbell, Tyler A. Garcia-Vazquez, Zeferino Cantu-Covarrubias, Antonio Figueroa-Millan, Julio V. DeYoung, Randall W. Hewitt, David G. Bryant, Fred C. TI Nilgai Antelope in Northern Mexico as a Possible Carrier for Cattle Fever Ticks and Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Of 20 blood samples from nilgais from Mexico, five were polymerase chain reaction-positive for Babesia bigemina and one for Babesia bovis. Positive samples had the expected 170 (B. bigemina) and 291 (B. bovis) base pairs and were identical to GenBank B. bigemina accession S45366 and B. bovis M38218. C1 [Cardenas-Canales, Elsa M.; Ortega-Santos, J. Alfonso; DeYoung, Randall W.; Hewitt, David G.; Bryant, Fred C.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Texas Field Stn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Garcia-Vazquez, Zeferino; Figueroa-Millan, Julio V.] INIFAP, CENID PAVET, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. [Cantu-Covarrubias, Antonio] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Aldama 89670, Tamaulipas, Mexico. RP Ortega-Santos, JA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM poncho.ortega@tamuk.edu FU USDA-APHIS; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute FX We acknowledge USDA-APHIS, the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, and David Killam for provided funding; the Asociacion Nacional de Ganaderos Diversificados y Criadores de Fauna for support during the fieldwork; and the CENID-PAVET from INIFAP for contributions to the laboratory analyses. This is a Caesar KleberWildlife Research publication 10-102. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 777 EP 779 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500040 PM 21719852 ER PT J AU Moscou, MJ Lauter, N Steffenson, B Wise, RP AF Moscou, Matthew J. Lauter, Nick Steffenson, Brian Wise, Roger P. TI Quantitative and Qualitative Stem Rust Resistance Factors in Barley Are Associated with Transcriptional Suppression of Defense Regulons SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PATHOGEN PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; GLOBAL GENE-EXPRESSION; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; TRAIT LOCI; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; GENOME; PATHWAYS; COMPLEX AB Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici; Pgt) is a devastating fungal disease of wheat and barley. Pgt race TTKSK (isolate Ug99) is a serious threat to these Triticeae grain crops because resistance is rare. In barley, the complex Rpg-TTKSK locus on chromosome 5H is presently the only known source of qualitative resistance to this aggressive Pgt race. Segregation for resistance observed on seedlings of the Q21861 x SM89010 (QSM) doubled-haploid (DH) population was found to be predominantly qualitative, with little of the remaining variance explained by loci other than Rpg-TTKSK. In contrast, analysis of adult QSM DH plants infected by field inoculum of Pgt race TTKSK in Njoro, Kenya, revealed several additional quantitative trait loci that contribute to resistance. To molecularly characterize these loci, Barley1 GeneChips were used to measure the expression of 22,792 genes in the QSM population after inoculation with Pgt race TTKSK or mock-inoculation. Comparison of expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) between treatments revealed an inoculation-dependent expression polymorphism implicating Actin depolymerizing factor3 (within the Rpg-TTKSK locus) as a candidate susceptibility gene. In parallel, we identified a chromosome 2H trans-eQTL hotspot that co-segregates with an enhancer of Rpg-TTKSK-mediated, adult plant resistance discovered through the Njoro field trials. Our genome-wide eQTL studies demonstrate that transcript accumulation of 25% of barley genes is altered following challenge by Pgt race TTKSK, but that few of these genes are regulated by the qualitative Rpg-TTKSK on chromosome 5H. It is instead the chromosome 2H trans-eQTL hotspot that orchestrates the largest inoculation-specific responses, where enhanced resistance is associated with transcriptional suppression of hundreds of genes scattered throughout the genome. Hence, the present study associates the early suppression of genes expressed in this host-pathogen interaction with enhancement of R-gene mediated resistance. C1 [Moscou, Matthew J.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Grad Program, Ames, IA USA. [Moscou, Matthew J.; Lauter, Nick; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA USA. [Moscou, Matthew J.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA USA. [Lauter, Nick; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Steffenson, Brian] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN USA. RP Moscou, MJ (reprint author), Sainsbury Lab, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich, Norfolk, England. EM nick.lauter@ars.usda.gov; rpwise@iastate.edu RI Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011; OI Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818; Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 FU National Science Foundation [0500461]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [3625-21000-049-00D]; USDA-ARS; Njoro nursery; James Cornette Research Fellowship in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation-Plant Genome Award #0500461 to RPW, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS #3625-21000-049-00D to RPW and NL, and USDA-ARS supplemental funds to BS and the Njoro nursery. MJM was a recipient of a James Cornette Research Fellowship in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 82 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 7 IS 7 AR e1002208 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002208 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 800DB UT WOS:000293338600049 PM 21829384 ER PT J AU Quaye, AK Volk, TA Hafner, S Leopold, DJ Schirmer, C AF Quaye, Amos K. Volk, Timothy A. Hafner, Sasha Leopold, Donald J. Schirmer, Charles TI Impacts of paper sludge and manure on soil and biomass production of willow SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Commercial fertilizer; Foliar nutrients; Organic wastes; Salix dasyclados; Soil chemical properties ID CENTRAL NEW-YORK; MILL SLUDGE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; COMPOSTED PULP; ORGANIC-MATTER; FERTILIZATION; AGRICULTURE; PLANTATIONS; AMENDMENTS; SYSTEMS AB Land application of organic wastes to short rotation woody crops (SRWC) can reduce the environmental impacts associated with waste disposal and enhance the productivity of biomass production systems. Understanding the potential impacts of organic amendments however, requires the examination of changes in soil characteristics and plant productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of paper sludge and dairy manure on biomass production of shrub willow (Salix dasyclados SV1) and to determine the impacts of these amendments on soil chemical properties. Treatments included urea, dairy manure and paper sludge separately and in combination, and a control. These materials were applied in the summer of 2005 to two fields of SV1 at different stages of growth: An old field with one year old shoots on a 10 year old root system and a young field which was beginning regrowth after being coppiced at the end of its first growing season. Foliar nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties were analyzed at the end of the second growing season after treatment application to determine plant response to the fertilization regimes and to determine the effects of fertilization on soil characteristics. Fertilization did not increase biomass production in either field. However, application of the N-poor paper sludge did not reduce yield either. In general, fertilization did not influence soil or foliar chemistry, although there were some exceptions. The lack of response observed in this study is probably related to the nutrient status of the site or losses of applied nutrients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quaye, Amos K.; Volk, Timothy A.; Schirmer, Charles] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry 1, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Forestry Dr Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Leopold, Donald J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry 1, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Forestry Dr Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Hafner, Sasha] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Quaye, AK (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry 1, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Forestry Dr Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM akquaye@syr.edu RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 7 BP 2796 EP 2806 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.008 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 793UK UT WOS:000292849200038 ER PT J AU Augustus, GDPS Seiler, GJ AF Augustus, G. D. P. S. Seiler, G. J. TI Phytochemicals of selected plant species of the Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae from Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative energy; Hydrocarbon; Oil; Polyphenol; Isoprene; Fatty acids ID VEGETABLE-OILS; BIOMASS; ENERGY; CROPS; FUEL AB A concern about the declining supply of petroleum products has led to a renewed interest in evaluating plant species as potential alternate sources of energy. Five species of the Apocynaceae and three species of the Asclepiadaceae from the Western Ghats were evaluated as alternative sources of energy, oil, polyphenol, and phytochemicals. The highest protein content was observed in Caralluma attenuata with 6.6%. Plant samples of Aganosma cymosa yielded 10.3% oil. The highest polyphenol content was observed in Carissa carandas with 7.7%. Species of the Asclepiadaceae exhibited the highest quantity of hydrocarbon viz. Sarcostemma brevistigma (3.6%), C. attenuata (3.4%), and Tylophora asthmatica (2.7%). Carbohydrate content was high in S. brevistigma with 6.9%. A whole plant gross calorific value of 16.5 MJ kg(-1) for Nerium odorum (white flower variety) was the highest value observed. The highest gross calorific value observed in the oil fraction was from C. attenuata with 33.4 MJ kg-1. The hydrocarbon fraction of T. asthmatica exhibited the highest gross calorific value of 39.2 M Jkg(-1). The hydrocarbon fractions were further analyzed using NMR to determine the type of isoprene present. Fatty acid compositions of oil samples were also analyzed. All the species except N. odorum (white flower variety) contained higher quantities of saturated fatty acids than unsaturated fatty acids. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Augustus, G. D. P. S.] VHNSN Coll, Res Ctr Bot, Virudunagar 626001, India. [Seiler, G. J.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Augustus, GDPS (reprint author), VHNSN Coll, Res Ctr Bot, Virudunagar 626001, India. EM augustusgdps@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 7 BP 3012 EP 3017 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.043 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 793UK UT WOS:000292849200060 ER PT J AU Scordia, D Cosentino, SL Lee, JW Jeffries, TW AF Scordia, Danilo Cosentino, Salvatore L. Lee, Jae-Won Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Dilute oxalic acid pretreatment for biorefining giant reed (Arundo donax L.) SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Arundo donax; Xylan; Cellulose; Ethanol; SSF; Fractionation ID SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; PICHIA-STIPITIS; FERMENTATION; HYDROLYSIS; INHIBITORS; ETHANOL; YEASTS; FRACTIONATION; BIOFUELS AB Biomass pretreatment is essential to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose for ethanol production. In the present study we pretreated giant reed (Arundo donax L.), a perennial, rhizomatous lignocellulosic grass with dilute oxalic acid. The effects of temperature (170-190 degrees C), acid loading (2-10% w/w) and reaction time (15-40 min) were handled as a single parameter, combined severity. We explored the change in hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin composition following pretreatment and glucan conversion after enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid residue. Two different yeast strains, Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis CBS 6054, which is a native xylose and cellobiose fermenter, and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis FPL-450, which does not ferment xylose or cellobiose, were used along with commercial cellulolytic enzymes in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). S. carlsbergensis attained a maximum ethanol concentration of 15.9 g/l after 48 h at pH 5.0, while S. stipitis, at the same condition, took 96 h to reach a similar ethanol value; increasing the pH to 6.0 reduced the S. stipitis lag phase and attained 18.0 g/l of ethanol within 72 h. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scordia, Danilo; Cosentino, Salvatore L.] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci Prod Agr & Alimentari DISPA, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, BK Program 21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Bioenergy Res Ctr, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Scordia, D (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci Prod Agr & Alimentari DISPA, Via Valdisavoia 5, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM dscordia@unict.it RI Cosentino, Salvatore/F-7318-2011; Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; OI Cosentino, Salvatore/0000-0001-7076-8777; Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Scordia, Danilo/0000-0002-3822-788X FU EdeniQ under USDA CRADA [08-RD-11111126-007]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0018393] FX We thank Frederick J. Matt of the Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Laboratory of the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for carrying out the carbohydrate determination, Diane Dietrich (FPL) for conducting HMF and furfural analysis, and JY Zhu for helping with the experimental design. This work was supported by EdeniQ under USDA CRADA 08-RD-11111126-007 and by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Project No. 2011-0018393) to J.W. Lee. NR 30 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 7 BP 3018 EP 3024 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.046 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 793UK UT WOS:000292849200061 ER PT J AU Augustus, GDPS Seiler, GJ AF Augustus, G. D. P. S. Seiler, G. J. TI Ficus elastica - The Indian rubber tree - An underutilized promising multi-use species SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Gross calorific value; Phytochemicals; Intermediate energy source; Assam rubber tree; Oil fraction ID PLANT; CROPS AB Ficus elastica known as the Indian rubber tree has a white, milky latex that is a source of natural rubber was analyzed for its phytochemicals as an intermediate energy source. The tree produces a high quantity of protein and oil (24.5 and 6.1% respectively). The polyphenol content was 4.2%, and hydrocarbon content was 2%. The gross calorific value of the plant sample was 28.7 MJ kg(-1), much higher than that of methanol (22.4 MJ kg (1)), but comparable to anthracite coal (29.7 MJ kg(-1)). The gross calorific value of the oil fraction was 32.8 MJ kg (1). This species also contains high levels of ortho-dihydroxy phenols which may be related to disease resistance to some pathogens. It also possesses compounds with antimicrobial activity and a range of pharmacological activities. F. elastica has several chemical constituents, other than rubber, which have potential uses and warrant further study. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Augustus, G. D. P. S.] VHNSN Coll, Res Ctr Bot, Virudunagar 626001, India. [Seiler, G. J.] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Augustus, GDPS (reprint author), VHNSN Coll, Res Ctr Bot, Virudunagar 626001, India. EM augustusgdps@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 7 BP 3247 EP 3250 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.015 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 793UK UT WOS:000292849200089 ER PT J AU Joshi, H Moser, BR Toler, J Smith, WF Walker, T AF Joshi, Hem Moser, Bryan R. Toler, Joe Smith, William F. Walker, Terry TI Ethyl levulinate: A potential bio-based diluent for biodiesel which improves cold flow properties SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Cold flow properties; Cottonseed oil; Ethyl levulinate; Fatty acid methyl esters; Poultry fat ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; FUEL PROPERTIES; DERIVATIVES; ADDITIVES; ESTERS; ACID AB Biodiesel, defined as mono-alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, is an attractive renewable fuel alternative to conventional petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel produced from oils such as cottonseed oil and poultry fats suffer from extremely poor cold flow properties because of their high saturated fatty acid content. In the current study, Ethyl Levulinate (ethyl 4-oxopentanoate) was investigated as a novel, bio-based cold flow improver for use in biodiesel fuels. The cloud (CP), pour (PP), and cold filter plugging points (CFPP) of biodiesel fuels prepared from cottonseed oil and poultry fat were improved upon addition of ethyl levulinate at 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0% (vol). Reductions of 4-5 degrees C in CP, 3-4 degrees C in PP and 3 degrees C in CFPP were observed at 20 vol % ethyl levulinate. The influence of ethyl levulinate on acid value, induction period, kinematic viscosity and flash point was determined. The kinematic viscosities and flash points decreased with increasing content of ethyl levulinate. All samples (<= 15 vol % ethyl levulinate) satisfied the ASTM D6751 limit with respect to flash point, but none of the 20 vol % blends were acceptable when compared to the higher EN 14214 specification. Acid value and oxidative stability were essentially unchanged upon addition of ethyl levulinate. In summary, ethyl levulinate appears acceptable as a diluent for biodiesel fuels with high saturated fatty acid content. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Joshi, Hem; Toler, Joe; Walker, Terry] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Smith, William F.] SE Biodiesel, N Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Walker, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 111 Biosyst Res Complex, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM walker4@clemson.edu FU Cotton, Inc. FX The authors acknowledge Benetria N. Banks (USDA ARS NCAUR) and Erin L. Walter (USDA ARS NCAUR) for excellent technical assistance. The authors also acknowledge Anurag Mandalika (Clemson U.) for data analysis and MeadWestvaco Corp (North Charleston, SC) for supplying EL. The authors also thank USDA ARS Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory (SWCGRL) in Cooperative 269 R&D Agreement with Eco-Sol, LLC for their support and supply of CSO. Finally, thanks are extended to Cotton, Inc. for funding a portion of this project. NR 23 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 8 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 7 BP 3262 EP 3266 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.020 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 793UK UT WOS:000292849200092 ER PT J AU Braun, LC Gillman, JH Hoover, EE Russelle, MP AF Braun, Lois C. Gillman, Jeffrey H. Hoover, Emily E. Russelle, Michael P. TI Nitrogen fertilization for new plantings of hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the United States of America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corylus; filbert; leaf analysis; nutrient recommendations ID APPLE-TREES; GROWTH; ROOT; SHOOT AB Braun, L. C., Gillman, J. H., Hoover, E. E. and Russelle, M. P. 2011. Nitrogen fertilization for new plantings of hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the United States of America. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 773-782. Seed-propagated hybrids of Corylus avellana and C. americana are a potential crop for the Upper Midwest. Current N recommendations for hazelnuts are based on research on clonally propagated C. avellana in Oregon and may not be applicable in the Upper Midwest due to differing soils, climate, and plant genetics. We established three field plots in 2003 to test N fertilization rates on new plantings, with rates up to 33 g N plant(-1) ammonium nitrate applied annually in the spring, starting 2 wk after transplanting. We observed a strong negative linear effect of N rate on plant survival. In the second year we added trials on same-aged plants that had not previously been fertilized and found no N effect on survival. We concluded that waiting 1 yr after transplanting before fertilizing increases plant survival, but even then N requirements during establishment years are very low for hybrid hazelnuts. Standard leaf N concentrations for C. avellana in Oregon are roughly applicable to hybrid hazelnuts, except that the threshold between deficiency and sufficiency should be raised slightly to 1.9% N. The current threshold between deficient and sufficient, 2.2%, should be regarded as a target, rather than as a threshold to be exceeded. C1 [Braun, Lois C.; Gillman, Jeffrey H.; Hoover, Emily E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gillman, JH (reprint author), 305 Alderman Hall,1970 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gillm003@tc.umn.edu FU North Central Region SARE; Land Institute; University of Minnesota FX We appreciate funding from North Central Region SARE, the Land Institute's Natural Systems Agriculture Fellowship Program, and from the University of Minnesota's Southeast Regional Partnership and Grant-in-Aid programs. We also thank Phil Rutter of Badgersett Research Corporation and Ernie Grimo of Grimo Nut Nursery for supplying planting material. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 91 IS 4 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.4141/CJPS2011-015 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 797UM UT WOS:000293155600017 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Glenn, DM Park, J Ngugi, HK Lehman, BL AF Kim, Yunseop Glenn, David M. Park, Johnny Ngugi, Henry K. Lehman, Brian L. TI Hyperspectral image analysis for water stress detection of apple trees SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sensors; Illumination; Spectral response; Measurement; Leaves; Water stress ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; IRRIGATION; INDICATOR; FEATURES; LEAVES; INDEX AB Plant stress significantly reduces plant productivity. Automated on-the-go mapping of plant stress would allow for a timely intervention and mitigation of the problem before critical thresholds were exceeded, thereby maximizing productivity. The spectral signature of plant leaves was analyzed by a hyperspectral camera to identify the onset and intensity of plant water stress. Five different levels of water treatment were created in young apple trees (cv. 'Buckeye Gala') in a greenhouse. The trees were periodically monitored with a hyperspectral camera along with an active-illuminated spectral vegetation sensor and a digital color camera. Individual spectral images over a 385-1000 nm wavelength range were extracted at a specific wavelength to estimate reflectance and generate spectral profiles for the five different water treatment levels. Various spectral indices were calculated and correlated to stress levels. The highest correlation was found with Red Edge NDVI at 705 and 750 nm in narrowband indices and NDVI at 680 and 800 nm in broadband indices. The experimental results indicated that intelligent optical sensors could deliver decision support for plant stress detection and management. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Yunseop; Park, Johnny] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Glenn, David M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ngugi, Henry K.; Lehman, Brian L.] Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jameskim@purdue.edu; michael.glenn@ars.usda.gov; jpark@purdue.edu; hkn3@psu.edu; bll143@psu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture under the Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2008-51180-04876] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture under the Specialty Crop Research Initiative, award number 2008-51180-04876. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.04.008 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 799DH UT WOS:000293263200004 ER PT J AU Ortiz, BV Thomson, SJ Huang, Y Reddy, KN Ding, W AF Ortiz, B. V. Thomson, S. J. Huang, Y. Reddy, K. N. Ding, W. TI Determination of differences in crop injury from aerial application of glyphosate using vegetation indices SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Canonical correlation analysis; Glyphosate; Semivariogram; Remote sensing; Vegetation Indices ID NITROGEN STATUS; DRIFT; CORN; CHLOROPHYLL; VARIABILITY; COTTON; SITE; LAI AB Crop injury caused by off-target drift of herbicide can seriously reduce growth and yield and is of great concern to farmers and aerial applicators. Farmers can benefit from identifying an indirect method for assessing the level of crop injury. This study evaluates the combined use of statistical methods and vegetation indices (Vls) derived from multispectral images to assess the level of crop injury. An experiment was conducted in 2009 to determine glyphosate injury differences among the cotton, corn, and soybean crops. The crops were planted in eight rows spaced 102 cm apart and 80 m long with four replications. Seven Vls were calculated from multispectral images collected at 7 and 21 days after the glyphosate application (DAA). At each image collection date, visual injury estimates were assessed and data were collected for plant height, chlorophyll content, and shoot dry weight. From the seven Vls evaluated as surrogate for glyphosate injury identification using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the Chlorophyll Vegetation Index (CVI) showed the highest correlation with field-measured plant injury data. CVI image values were subtracted from the CVI average values of the non-injured area to generate CV! residual images (CVI(res)). Frequency distribution histograms of CVI(res) image values were calculated to assess the level of injury between crops. These data suggested that injury increased from 7DAA to 21DAA with corn exhibiting higher severity of injury than cotton or soybean, while only moderate injury was observed for cotton. The techniques evaluated in this study are promising for estimating the level of glyphosate herbicide drift, which can be used to make appropriate management decisions considering crop proximity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ortiz, B. V.; Reddy, K. N.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Thomson, S. J.; Huang, Y.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. [Ding, W.] NE Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. RP Ortiz, BV (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 204 Extens Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bortiz@auburn.edu NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.05.004 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 799DH UT WOS:000293263200009 ER PT J AU Shi, Q Vitchuli, N Nowak, J Caldwell, JM Breidt, F Bourham, M Zhang, XW McCord, M AF Shi, Quan Vitchuli, Narendiran Nowak, Joshua Caldwell, Jane M. Breidt, Frederick Bourham, Mohamed Zhang, Xiangwu McCord, Marian TI Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers prepared by atmospheric plasma treatment and electrospinning SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric plasma; Electrospinning; Nanofibers; Ag nanoparticles; Antibacterial activity ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GREEN SYNTHESIS; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; FIBERS; MECHANISM; CELLULOSE; BACTERIAL; CELLS; FILMS; JETS AB Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers were prepared by atmospheric plasma treatment and electrospinning. Atmospheric helium plasma treatment was first used to reduce the AgNO3 precursor in pre-electrospinning solutions into metallic silver nanoparticles, followed by electrospinning into continuous and smooth nanofibers with Ag nanoparticles embedded in the matrix. SEM, TEM, and EDX spectra were used to study the structure and surface elemental composition of the nanofibers. Silver nanoparticles, with diameters ranging between 3 and 6 nm, were found to be uniformly dispersed in the nanofiber matrix. The Ag/PAN nanofibers exhibited slow and long-lasting silver ion release, which provided robust antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli microorganisms. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nowak, Joshua; Bourham, Mohamed] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Shi, Quan; Vitchuli, Narendiran; Zhang, Xiangwu; McCord, Marian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Caldwell, Jane M.; Breidt, Frederick] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Caldwell, Jane M.; Breidt, Frederick] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCord, Marian] N Carolina State Univ, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCord, Marian] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Bourham, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bourham@ncsu.edu; xiangwu_z-hang@ncsu.edu; mmccord@ncsu.edu RI Huang, Lihong/G-5427-2011; Shi, Quan/G-5461-2011; VitchuliGangadharan, Narendiran/F-6106-2013; Zhang, Xiangwu/F-1013-2011; McCord, Marian/A-7790-2015 OI VitchuliGangadharan, Narendiran/0000-0003-2692-5848; Zhang, Xiangwu/0000-0002-6236-6281; FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BB08PRO008] FX The research work was supported by Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Award No. BB08PRO008). NR 49 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 EI 1873-1945 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1402 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.04.002 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 796LC UT WOS:000293051800006 ER PT J AU Kalariya, HM Schnabel, G Petri, C Scorza, R AF Kalariya, Hetal M. Schnabel, Guido Petri, Cesar Scorza, Ralph TI Generation and Characterization of Transgenic Plum Lines Expressing gafp-1 with the bul409 Promoter SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus; gastrodianin; lectin; oak root rot ID GASTRODIA ANTIFUNGAL PROTEIN; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; GENES; PHYTOPHTHORA; DISEASE; SEQUENCE; DEFENSE; ELATA AB The Gastrodia antifungal protein (GAFP-1) is a mannose-binding lectin that can confer increased disease resistance in transgenic tobacco and plum. In all previously generated, transgenic lines, the gene was under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter. In this study, transgenic plum lines were created from seeds derived from open pollination of the cultivar Bluebyrd (BB-OP) with gafp-1 under the control of the polyubiquitin promoter bul409 and evaluated for Phytophthora root rot (PRR) and Root knot nematode (RKN) susceptibility. One of nine transgenic lines synthesizing GAFP-1 exhibited increased tolerance to PRR caused by P. cinnamomi. The same line (BB-OP-1) was also significantly more tolerant to RKN infection caused by Meloidogyne incognita. BB-OP-1 was more resistant to PRR and equally resistant to RKN compared with the cultivar Stanley-derived 4J line, which expresses gafp-1 under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter. GAFP-1 synthesis in BB-OP-1 was not elevated by pathogen infection, suggesting that the bul409 promoter is not inducible in the plum/GAFP-1 system. This study confirms the usefulness of the gafp-1 gene in various cultivars of transgenic plum and establishes that the bul409 promoter is at least equal in effectiveness to the 35SCaMV promoter for gafp-1 expression in transgenic lines of woody plants. C1 [Kalariya, Hetal M.; Schnabel, Guido] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Petri, Cesar; Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Schnabel, G (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM schnabe@clemson.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2005-34103-15588, 2004-34126-14388, SC-1000642]; USDA NRI [2002-35319-12527]; South Carolina Peach Council FX This study was funded in part by USDA-CSREES S-RI PM grant no. 2005-34103-15588 and USDA-CSREES special grant no. 2004-34126-14388 under project number SC-1000642 as well as USDA NRI grant no. 2002-35319-12527 and the South Carolina Peach Council. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 BP 975 EP 980 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 797WE UT WOS:000293160000002 ER PT J AU Westbrook, CJ Hall, DG Stover, E Duan, YP Lee, RF AF Westbrook, Catherine J. Hall, David G. Stover, Ed Duan, Yong Ping Lee, Richard F. TI Colonization of Citrus and Citrus-related Germplasm by Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE huanglongbing; greening disease; citrus breeding; Aurantioideae; Toddalioideae; Rutaceae; Asian citrus psyllid ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS; FLORIDA; RESISTANCE; ECOLOGY; HOMOPTERA; RUTACEAE; INSECTS; DISEASE; BIOLOGY; WEEVIL AB Huanglongbing (HLB) is a serious and devastating disease of citrus caused by Candidatus Liberibacter spp. and vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The disease has the potential to greatly limit the production of citrus in Florida and other citrus-growing regions worldwide. Current control of D. citri and HLB is inadequate, but the identification and incorporation of D. cite! resistance traits from uncultivated Citrus spp. and Citrus relatives is seen as a potential disease management strategy. In this study, seedlings of 87 Rutaceae seed-source genotypes, primarily in the orange subfamily Aurantioidcae, were assessed in the field for their propensity in a free-choice situation for infestations of natural south Florida populations of D. citri. The majority of test populations surveyed hosted all three life stages of D. citri; however, there were significant differences among the test populations in the mean ranks for D. citri eggs (F = 3.13, df = 86, P < 0.0001), nymphs (F = 9.01, df = 86, P < 0.0001), and adults (F = 4.21, df = 86, P < 0.0001). The only sampled test population that was completely avoided by all life stages of D. cite! was seedlings of Casimiroa edulis Llave et Lex, commonly known as white sapote, which was one of the few plants included in the study belonging to the Rutaceae subfamily Toddalioideae. Although not completely avoided, very low levels of D. citri were found on two surveyed test populations of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rat; seedlings of 'Simmon's trifoliate' and 'Little-Leaf'. Poncirus trifoliata, the trifoliate orange, readily forms hybrids with Citrus spp., is commonly incorporated into rootstock varieties, and has been used in breeding-advanced scion material. The identification of partial resistance in P. trifoliata to D. citri could prove useful in future citrus breeding efforts aimed at reducing the incidence and spread of HLB. Determining if there is true resistance to D. citri in this and other germplasm sources with a low propensity for infestations in free-choice situations will require no-choice experiments. C1 [Westbrook, Catherine J.; Hall, David G.; Stover, Ed; Duan, Yong Ping] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Lee, Richard F.] ARS, USDA, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM David.Hall@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX This research was made possible by a grant from the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 BP 997 EP 1005 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 797WE UT WOS:000293160000006 ER PT J AU Kempler, C Daubeny, HA Harding, B Frey, L Baumann, TE Finn, CE Khanizadeh, S Jamieson, AR MacKenzie, K Moore, PP Sweeney, M AF Kempler, Chaim Daubeny, Hugh A. Harding, Brian Frey, Lisa Baumann, Tom E. Finn, Chad E. Khanizadeh, Shahrokh Jamieson, Andrew R. MacKenzie, Kenna Moore, Patrick P. Sweeney, Mark TI 'Stolo' Strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fruit breeding; fruit quality; virus tolerance; winter hardiness; disease resistance; root weevils; Otiorhynchus sulcatus tolerance ID RED C1 [Kempler, Chaim; Daubeny, Hugh A.; Harding, Brian; Frey, Lisa] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Baumann, Tom E.] Univ Fraser Valley, Dept Agr, Chilliwack, BC V2P 6T4, Canada. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Khanizadeh, Shahrokh] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. [Jamieson, Andrew R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. [MacKenzie, Kenna] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. [Moore, Patrick P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Sweeney, Mark] BC Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. RP Kempler, C (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, POB 1000 6947,7 Highway, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. EM chaim.kempler@agr.gc.ca OI Khanizadeh, Shahrokh/0000-0002-8015-2252 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1046 EP 1048 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 797WE UT WOS:000293160000015 ER PT J AU Okie, WR Blackburn, B AF Okie, William R. Blackburn, Bryan TI Interactive Effects of Light and Chilling on Peach Flower and Leaf Budbreak SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; dormancy; chilling ID BUD SCALES; DORMANCY RELEASE; PRUNUS PERSICA; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD; PLANTS; BREAK; BOREAL; GROWTH; MODELS AB Timing of budbreak in response to winter chilling is a critical factor in the suitability of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars to moderate climates such as that in the southeastern United States. Much of the research on chilling and dormancy has used excised cuttings or potted trees exposed to various treatments and forced under controlled conditions. Light is not generally considered an important factor in such experiments, and the effect of light during forcing has been little studied. The objective of this research was to compare light versus dark conditions during forcing as well as the effects of different colors of light during forcing. Our results showed that after chilling had been minimally satisfied, peach floral and vegetative budbreak occurred faster when forced in the presence of light than when forced in darkness. Light increased budbreak rate as well as the total percentage of budbreak. Red, yellow, and fluorescent light were more promotive in increasing budbreak than blue, green, infrared, or incandescent light, suggesting a role for phytochrome. Promotive effects of light were less when buds had received enough natural chill and heat to break within a week of forcing at 18 degrees C. In conclusion, light during forcing can have a significant effect of budbreak and needs to be considered when doing research on chilling and dormancy. C1 [Okie, William R.; Blackburn, Bryan] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM william.okie@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1056 EP 1062 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 797WE UT WOS:000293160000019 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Johnston, DB Kurantz, MJ McAloon, A Moreau, RA AF Dickey, Leland C. Johnston, David B. Kurantz, Michael J. McAloon, Andrew Moreau, Robert A. TI Modification of aqueous enzymatic oil extraction to increase the yield of corn oil from dry fractionated corn germ SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Dry-fractionation; Corn germ; Foam separation; Oil-seed processing AB In previous aqueous enzymatic oil extraction (AEOE) experiments we reported a best free oil yield of 49% of the hexane extracted yield of dry fractionated corn germ. In the current experiments, a dispersion of 10% cooked, dry-fractionated germ in water was treated with alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and a cellulase complex. Free oil was collected by centrifuging a foam fraction of the dispersion. Several dispersion treatments were tried to evaluate their release of free oil and effect on the production of foam. The foam contained up to 8% free oil (dispersed from germ containing 26% oil) and fines oil (not centrifugally separable), protein and germ particles. Treatment with alpha-amylase and glucoamylase prior to treatment with the commercial cellulase used in previous AEOE studies increased the free oil yields about 25-61% of the hexane-extractable yield. A preliminary cost analysis indicates that oil separation with the amylase enhanced AEOE appears to be preferable to AEOE alone and profitable if crude corn oil cost exceeds $1.1/kg ($0.50/lb). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dickey, Leland C.; Johnston, David B.; Kurantz, Michael J.; McAloon, Andrew; Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM leland.dickey@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 845 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.006 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 799XO UT WOS:000293320100007 ER PT J AU Vaughn, SF Berhow, MA Winkler-Moser, JK Lee, E AF Vaughn, Steven F. Berhow, Mark A. Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Lee, Edward TI Formulation of a biodegradable, odor-reducing cat litter from solvent-extracted corn dried distillers grains SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cat litter; Corn dried distillers grains; Hydration capacity; Copper sulfate ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; COPPER; LIMITATIONS; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY AB Cats are among the most popular pets in the U.S., and the majority of these animals are kept indoors where litter boxes containing some type of absorbent litter material are needed. Dried distillers grains (DDGs) are a major co-product of the ethanol industry, and are primarily sold as animal feed. We have been studying value-added uses for DDGs by extracting valuable phytochemicals from them with a variety of organic solvents. The objective of this research was to determine if the extracted DDGs could be formulated as cat litter. Extracted DDGs absorbed significantly more water (termed hydration capacity) than unextracted DDGs, although sorting the extracted DDGs by particle size had no effect on hydration capacity. Through the addition of glycerol as a dust retardant and guar gum as a clumping agent, a formulation was obtained with desirable physical properties. The addition of copper sulfate to this formulation significantly reduced the release of a volatile odor compound that is chemically similar to the odor compound produced by the decomposition of cat urine. From these results it appears that extracted DDGs have potential as commercial cat litter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaughn, Steven F.; Berhow, Mark A.; Winkler-Moser, Jill K.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lee, Edward] Summit Seed Inc, Manteno, IL 60950 USA. RP Vaughn, SF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steven.Vaughn@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 999 EP 1002 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.005 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 799XO UT WOS:000293320100029 ER PT J AU Stelte, W Clemons, C Holm, JK Ahrenfeldt, J Henriksen, UB Sanadi, AR AF Stelte, Wolfgang Clemons, Craig Holm, Jens K. Ahrenfeldt, Jesper Henriksen, Ulrik B. Sanadi, Anand R. TI Thermal transitions of the amorphous polymers in wheat straw SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Wheat straw; Thermal transitions; DMTA; Lignin; Hemicelluloses; Glass transition temperature; DSC ID WOOD; LIGNIN AB The thermal transitions of the amorphous polymers in wheat straw were investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The study included both natural and solvent extracted wheat straw, in moist (8-9% water content) and dry conditions, and was compared to spruce samples. Under these conditions two transitions arising from the glass transition of lignin and hemicelluloses have been identified. Key transitions attributed to softening of lignin were found at 53,63 and 91 degrees C for moist samples of wheat straw, extracted straw and spruce, respectively. Transitions for hemicelluloses were determined at 2, -1 and 5 degrees C, respectively. Differences are likely clue to different compositions of lignin and hemicelluloses from straw and spruce and structural differences between the raw materials. The high wax content in wheat straw resulted in a transition at about 40 degrees C which was absent in solvent extracted wheat straw samples and spruce. This specific transition was further investigated and confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of extracted wheat straw wax. Information about the thermal transitions is of great importance for the utilization of wheat straw in pelletizing, briquetting and fiber board manufacturing. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stelte, Wolfgang; Ahrenfeldt, Jesper; Henriksen, Ulrik B.] Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Clemons, Craig] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Holm, Jens K.] DONG Energy Power AS, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark. [Sanadi, Anand R.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, DK-1985 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Stelte, W (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM wost@risoe.dtu.dk RI Ahrenfeldt, Jesper /B-2579-2012; Stelte, Wolfgang/E-5154-2012; Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015; OI Ahrenfeldt, Jesper /0000-0002-3999-5864; Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225; Stelte, Wolfgang/0000-0003-2424-4010; Henriksen, Ulrik Birk/0000-0003-1838-3962 FU Danish Energy Agency [ENS-33033-0227]; Vattenfall AB; DONG Energy A/S FX The present study was conducted under the framework of the Danish Energy Agency's EFP project: "Advanced understanding of biomass pelletization" ENS-33033-0227. The authors wish to thank Vattenfall AB, DONG Energy A/S and the Danish Energy Agency for funding. The USDA - Forest Products Laboratory in Madison. Wisconsin is thanked for its hospitality and the provision of laboratory space and equipment for this study. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.014 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 799XO UT WOS:000293320100036 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR Dierig, DA AF Thorp, K. R. Dierig, D. A. TI Color image segmentation approach to monitor flowering in lesquerella SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Anthesis; Arizona; Camera; Connected components; Digital; Flower; Hue; Intensity; Lesquerella; Management; Monte Carlo; Oilseed; Phenotyping; Saturation ID TEMPERATURE STRESS; WATER-STRESS; GRAIN-YIELD; SEED YIELD; NITROGEN; MAIZE; DROUGHT; GROWTH; NUMBER; INDEX AB Lesquerella (Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats.) seed oil has been proposed as a petroleum alternative in the production of many industrial products, but several crop management and breeding challenges must be addressed before the crop will be grown commercially. Lesquerella canopies characteristically exhibit quite prominent and vibrant yellow flowers at anthesis, and remote detection of lesquerella flowering patterns can provide useful crop development information to aid management and breeding decisions. In the present study, we used a consumer-grade digital camera to collect images 2 m above lesquerella canopies throughout two growing seasons. Biomass samples within 0.125 m(2) areas were also regularly collected and processed to obtain flower numbers. Image processing algorithms were developed to extract information on lesquerella flower features from the images. Key features of the image processing approach included an image transformation to the hue, saturation, and intensity (HSI) color space and a Monte Carlo approach to address uncertainty in HSI parameters used for image segmentation. Flower numbers were estimated from image-based flower cover percentage with root mean squared errors that ranged from 159 to 194 flowers, which was better than the reported results for other studies with a similar objective. Attempts to resolve individual flowers were less successful due to the complexity of the flowering patterns within the image scenes. Digital imaging offers an inexpensive and quite practical means for remote monitoring of flowering patterns in lesquerella canopies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorp, K. R.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Dierig, D. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cordon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1150 EP 1159 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.04.002 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 799XO UT WOS:000293320100051 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Bean, SR AF Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P. Bean, Scott R. TI Evaluation of sorghum flour as extender in plywood adhesives for sprayline coaters or foam extrusion SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Sorghum; Sorghum flour; Plywood adhesive; Protein extender; Protein functionality ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEINS AB This study was conducted to evaluate sorghum flour as protein extender in phenol-formaldehyde-based plywood adhesive for sprayline coaters or foam extrusion. Defatted sorghum flour, containing 0.2% (db) residual oil and 12.0% (db) crude protein, was analyzed for solubility and foaming properties. Sorghum flour proteins were least soluble (<= 12%) under acidic pH. most soluble (72%) at pH 10, and produced substantial and highly stable foam at pH 10. Sorghum flour was substituted (on protein content basis) for wheat flour in the standard glue mix. Mixing properties and bond strength of the sorghum-based glue were compared with those of the industry standard glue. The sorghum flour-based adhesive had mixing properties and appearance that were superior to those of the standard wheat flour-based plywood glue, but its viscosity and bond strength were markedly less. Doubling the amount of protein contributed by sorghum flour in the glue mix markedly improved both viscosity (1104 cP) and adhesion strength (1.37 MPa) of the sorghum-based plywood glue to acceptable levels. The modified sorghum flour-based plywood glue also produced foam that remained stable up to 3 h. These results demonstrated that sorghum flour is a viable extender in plywood glues for sprayline coater or foam extrusion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bean, Scott R.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mila.HojillaEvangelista@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1168 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.04.005 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 799XO UT WOS:000293320100053 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Groffman, PM Nearing, MA Goddard, T Reicosky, D Lal, R Kitchen, NR Rice, CW Towery, D Salon, P AF Delgado, Jorge A. Groffman, Peter M. Nearing, Mark A. Goddard, Tom Reicosky, Don Lal, Rattan Kitchen, Newell R. Rice, Charles W. Towery, Dan Salon, Paul TI Conservation practices to mitigate and adapt to climate change SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; PRECISION CONSERVATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; AFRICAN MAIZE; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSTRAINTS; MICROALGAE; BIOFUELS; IMPACTS; SCIENCE C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Nearing, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ USA. [Goddard, Tom] Govt Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Reicosky, Don] USDA ARS, Morris, MN USA. [Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kitchen, Newell R.] USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. [Rice, Charles W.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Towery, Dan] Ag Conservat Solut, Lafayette, IN USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI O'Neill, Riley/F-4850-2011; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 50 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 66 IS 4 BP 118A EP 129A DI 10.2489/jswc.66.4.118A PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 796JX UT WOS:000293048700006 ER PT J AU Feng, G Sharratt, B Young, F AF Feng, G. Sharratt, B. Young, F. TI Influence of long-term tillage and crop rotations on soil hydraulic properties in the US Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bulk density; chemical fallow; hydraulic conductivity; infiltration; no-tillage; soil water retention; summer fallow; wheat ID SILT-LOAM SOIL; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NO-TILL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONVENTIONAL TILL; FALLOW ROTATION; RESIDUE COVER; WIND EROSION; BULK-DENSITY AB In the low precipitation zone (<0.3 m [11.8 in] annual precipitation) of the Inland Pacific Northwest, no-tillage continuous spring cereal and no-tillage spring cereal-chemical fallow rotations are being examined as alternatives to the traditional winter wheat-summer fallow rotation for soil conservation. There is limited information, however, regarding the long-term effects of no-tillage cropping systems on soil hydraulic properties in this semiarid region. The objective of this study was therefore to characterize infiltration, water retention, saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density of a silt loam that had been subject to various tillage and crop rotations in east-central Washington. Treatments examined included no-tillage spring barley-spring wheat (NTSB-SW), no-tillage spring wheat-chemical fallow (NTSW-ChF), and traditional winter wheat-summer fallow (WW-SF). Soil properties were measured in spring and late summer 2006 due to the vulnerability of the soil to rapidly dry and erode during these seasons. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was determined by the falling-head method, infiltration was measured using a double-ring infiltrometer, and water retention characteristics was assessed by examining the temporal variation of in situ soil water content. NTSB-SW resulted in higher infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity, lower bulk density, and larger and/or more continuous pores in the upper soil profile (<0.1 in [<3.9 in] depth) than WW-SF and NTSW-ChE Infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity were lower for chemical fallow than for traditional fallow in spring whereas hydraulic conductivity was lower for summer fallow than chemical fallow in late summer. Soil hydrologic properties appeared more favorable for no-tillage continuous spring cereal rotations. These results arc useful for soil and water management and conservation planning in the low precipitation zone of the Inland Pacific Northwest. C1 [Feng, G.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sharratt, B.; Young, F.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA USA. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 31 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 66 IS 4 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.4.233 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 796JX UT WOS:000293048700010 ER PT J AU Williams, JD Wuest, SB AF Williams, J. D. Wuest, S. B. TI Tillage and no-tillage conservation effectiveness in the intermediate precipitation zone of the inland Pacific Northwest, United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; infiltration; no-tillage; soil erosion; runoff; winter wheat ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WINTER-WHEAT; ORGANIC-MATTER; CENTRAL OREGON; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; WATER INFILTRATION; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; EROSION CONTROL AB A common cropping system in the intermediate precipitation zone (300 to 450 mm [12 to 18 in]) of the inland Pacific Northwest is the two-year, winter wheat-fallow rotation typically practiced using multiple secondary tillage operations to control weeds and retain seed-zone soil moisture. This crop rotation has proven to be a stable system for producers in this region. However, even conservation tillage (CT) practices such as mulch tillage leave this system prone to substantial erosion where the soil surface is disturbed. Alternatives to this system include no-tillage (NT) practices, increasing the cropping intensity, or a combination of both. Our objective was to evaluate and compare soil and water conservation attributes between NT and a variation on CT, hereafter referred to as tillage practice (TP) under a four-year dryland crop rotation. We established a four-year rotation consisting of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring peas (Pisum sativum L.), winter wheat, and fallow. No-tillage consisted of seeding and fertilizing in one pass, two applications of herbicide, and harvest. Conservation tillage consisted of seed bed preparation using a chisel plow, fertilization injection with a disk applicator for spring peas or at time of seeding with a shank drill for wheat, two to three passes with secondary tillage (sweep-rod and rodweeder), applications of herbicide as needed, and harvest. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with four blocks, two tillage treatment main plots per block and four subplots in each main plot for each phase of the four-year rotation. We measured groundcover, infiltration using ring infiltrometers, and runoff and soil erosion from natural weather events. Weather during the four years was relatively mild. Groundcover (81% and 59%) and infiltration rates (41 mm h(-1) [1.63 in hr(-1)] and 14 min h(-1) [0.57 in hr(-1)]) were significantly greater in the NT treatment than in the TP treatment. Runoff (0.4 mm [0.02 in] and 0.5 nun [0.0.02 in]) and soil erosion (10 kg ha(-1) 0.004 m ac(-1)] and 21 kg ha(-1) [0.009 tn ac(-1)]] were both significantly less in the NT than the TP. The changes in infiltration, runoff, and soil erosion rates occurred more quickly and to a greater degree than we anticipated. Earlier studies in the inland Pacific Northwest have been ambiguous in their conclusions about the effectiveness of NT to significantly reduce runoff and soil erosion compared to TP. This research found that NT provided a significant improvement in soil and water conservation over TP at this location under mild weather conditions. C1 [Williams, J. D.; Wuest, S. B.] USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 66 IS 4 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.4.242 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 796JX UT WOS:000293048700011 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Balkcom, KS Culpepper, SA Kelton, JA Nichols, RL Schomberg, H AF Price, A. J. Balkcom, K. S. Culpepper, S. A. Kelton, J. A. Nichols, R. L. Schomberg, H. TI Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth: A threat to conservation tillage SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; herbicide resistance; resistant pigweed ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; WEED MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; HERBICIDE USE PATTERNS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; 3 WINTER CEREALS; COVER CROPS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; GROWER SURVEY; RESIDUE AB Conservation tillage reduces the physical movement of soil to the minimum required for crop establishment and production. When consistently practiced as a soil and crop management system, it greatly reduces soil erosion and is recognized for the potential to improve soil quality and water conservation and plant available water. Adoption of conservation tillage increased dramatically with the advent of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant crops that permitted in-season, over-the-top use of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine), a broad-spectrum herbicide with very low mammalian toxicity and minimal potential for off-site movement in soil or water. Glyphosate-resistant crops are currently grown on approximately 70 million ha (173 million ac) worldwide. The United States has the most hectares (45 million ha [99 million ac]) of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant cultivars and the greatest number of hectares (46 million ha [114 million ac]) in conservation tillage. The practice of conservation tillage is now threatened by the emergence and rapid spread of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri [S.]Wats.), one of several amaranths commonly called pigweeds. First identified in Georgia, it now has been reported in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Another closely related dioecious amaranth, or pigweed, common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer), has also developed resistance to glyphosate in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and. Missouri. Hundreds of thousands of conservation tillage hectares, some currently under USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service conservation program contracts, are at risk of being converted to higher-intensity tillage systems due to the inability to control these glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus species in conservation tillage systems using traditional technologies. The decline of conservation tillage is inevitable without the development and rapid adoption of integrated, effective weed control strategies. Traditional and alternative weed control strategies, such as the utilization of crop and herbicide rotation and integration of high residue cereal cover crops, are necessary in order to sustain conservation tillage practices. C1 [Price, A. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Culpepper, S. A.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Kelton, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Nichols, R. L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Schomberg, H.] USDA Res Serv J Phil Campbell Sr, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. NR 97 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 26 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 66 IS 4 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.4.265 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 796JX UT WOS:000293048700013 ER PT J AU Lal, R Delgado, JA Groffman, PM Millar, N Dell, C Rotz, A AF Lal, R. Delgado, J. A. Groffman, P. M. Millar, N. Dell, C. Rotz, A. TI Management to mitigate and adapt to climate change SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE adaptation; carbon sequestration; climate change; management; mitigation; soil management ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL-EROSION; PRECISION CONSERVATION; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; RIPARIAN FOREST; FOOD SECURITY; AGRICULTURE; IMPACTS AB Management decisions both at the field and off-site have the potential to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Climate change threatens to increase the potential for soil erosion, reduce soil quality, lower agricultural productivity and negatively impact food security and global sustainability, making it one of the most severe challenges we will face in the 21st century This paper looks at the potential of management to help us, not only mitigate climate change, but also to help us adapt to a changing climate. Different aspects of carbon management, nitrogen management, manure management, management in low-input systems (sustainable agriculture), and grazing land management are discussed as examples. Management decisions regarding conservation practices, such as no-till, conservation agriculture, and returning crop residue to the field to increase nutrient cycling, can contribute to carbon sequestration and help us mitigate and adapt to climate change. Additionally, management of grasslands, restoration of degraded/desertified lands, nitrogen management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, precision conservation management at a field and/or watershed level, and other management alternatives can also help us mitigate and/or adapt to climate change. Management for climate change mitigation and adaptation is key for environmental conservation, sustainability of cropping systems, soil and water quality and food security This paper suggests, based on a review of the literature, that management decisions that reduce soil erosion, increase carbon sequestration to improve soil functions, soil quality, and soil health, and contribute to the resilience of soils and cropping systems will be needed to respond to climate change and related challenges such as food security. Our review suggests that without management decisions that increase soil and water conservation, food security for the world's growing population will be harder to achieve. C1 [Lal, R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Delgado, J. A.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Groffman, P. M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Millar, N.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dell, C.; Rotz, A.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI O'Neill, Riley/F-4850-2011; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 82 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 14 U2 168 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 66 IS 4 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.4.276 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 796JX UT WOS:000293048700014 ER PT J AU Kim, H Ridenour, JB Dunkle, LD Bluhm, BH AF Kim, Hun Ridenour, John B. Dunkle, Larry D. Bluhm, Burton H. TI Regulation of Stomatal Tropism and Infection by Light in Cercospora zeae-maydis: Evidence for Coordinated Host/Pathogen Responses to Photoperiod? SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID BLUE-LIGHT; WHITE COLLAR-1; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; FUMONISIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; MAIZE KERNELS; GROWTH; PHOTORECEPTOR AB Cercospora zeae-maydis causes gray leaf spot of maize, which has become one of the most widespread and destructive diseases of maize in the world. C. zeae-maydis infects leaves through stomata, which is predicated on the ability of the pathogen to perceive stomata and reorient growth accordingly. In this study, the discovery that light was required for C. zeae-maydis to perceive stomata and infect leaves led to the identification of CRP1, a gene encoding a putative blue-light photoreceptor homologous to White Collar-1 (WC-1) of Neurospora crassa. Disrupting CRP1 via homologous recombination revealed roles in multiple aspects of pathogenesis, including tropism of hyphae to stomata, the formation of appressoria, conidiation, and the biosynthesis of cercosporin. CRP1 was also required for photoreactivation after lethal doses of UV exposure. Intriguingly, putative orthologs of CRP1 are central regulators of circadian clocks in other filamentous fungi, raising the possibility that C. zeae-maydis uses light as a key environmental input to coordinate pathogenesis with maize photoperiodic responses. This study identified a novel molecular mechanism underlying stomatal tropism in a foliar fungal pathogen, provides specific insight into how light regulates pathogenesis in C. zeae-maydis, and establishes a genetic framework for the molecular dissection of infection via stomata and the integration of host and pathogen responses to photoperiod. C1 [Kim, Hun; Ridenour, John B.; Bluhm, Burton H.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Dunkle, Larry D.] Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM bbluhm@uark.edu OI Ridenour, John/0000-0003-0852-2981 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [3602-22000-015-00D]; NSF [0920287] FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 3602-22000-015-00D (L. Dunkle), and NSF award 0920287 to B. Bluhm. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 7 IS 7 AR e1002113 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002113 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 800DG UT WOS:000293339300010 PM 21829344 ER PT J AU Klosterman, SJ Subbarao, KV Kang, SC Veronese, P Gold, SE Thomma, BPHJ Chen, ZH Henrissat, B Lee, YH Park, J Garcia-Pedrajas, MD Barbara, DJ Anchieta, A de Jonge, R Santhanam, P Maruthachalam, K Atallah, Z Amyotte, SG Paz, Z Inderbitzin, P Hayes, RJ Heiman, DI Young, S Zeng, QD Engels, R Galagan, J Cuomo, CA Dobinson, KF Ma, LJ AF Klosterman, Steven J. Subbarao, Krishna V. Kang, Seogchan Veronese, Paola Gold, Scott E. Thomma, Bart P. H. J. Chen, Zehua Henrissat, Bernard Lee, Yong-Hwan Park, Jongsun Garcia-Pedrajas, Maria D. Barbara, Dez J. Anchieta, Amy de Jonge, Ronnie Santhanam, Parthasarathy Maruthachalam, Karunakaran Atallah, Zahi Amyotte, Stefan G. Paz, Zahi Inderbitzin, Patrik Hayes, Ryan J. Heiman, David I. Young, Sarah Zeng, Qiandong Engels, Reinhard Galagan, James Cuomo, Christina A. Dobinson, Katherine F. Ma, Li-Jun TI Comparative Genomics Yields Insights into Niche Adaptation of Plant Vascular Wilt Pathogens SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED POINT MUTATION; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; VERTICILLIUM WILT; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; NEP1-LIKE PROTEINS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; VIRULENCE FACTOR; EFFECTOR ECP6 AB The vascular wilt fungi Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum infect over 200 plant species, causing billions of dollars in annual crop losses. The characteristic wilt symptoms are a result of colonization and proliferation of the pathogens in the xylem vessels, which undergo fluctuations in osmolarity. To gain insights into the mechanisms that confer the organisms' pathogenicity and enable them to proliferate in the unique ecological niche of the plant vascular system, we sequenced the genomes of V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum and compared them to each other, and to the genome of Fusarium oxysporum, another fungal wilt pathogen. Our analyses identified a set of proteins that are shared among all three wilt pathogens, and present in few other fungal species. One of these is a homolog of a bacterial glucosyltransferase that synthesizes virulence-related osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in bacteria. Pathogenicity tests of the corresponding V. dahliae glucosyltransferase gene deletion mutants indicate that the gene is required for full virulence in the Australian tobacco species Nicotiana benthamiana. Compared to other fungi, the two sequenced Verticillium genomes encode more pectin-degrading enzymes and other carbohydrate-active enzymes, suggesting an extraordinary capacity to degrade plant pectin barricades. The high level of synteny between the two Verticillium assemblies highlighted four flexible genomic islands in V. dahliae that are enriched for transposable elements, and contain duplicated genes and genes that are important in signaling/transcriptional regulation and iron/lipid metabolism. Coupled with an enhanced capacity to degrade plant materials, these genomic islands may contribute to the expanded genetic diversity and virulence of V. dahliae, the primary causal agent of Verticillium wilts. Significantly, our study reveals insights into the genetic mechanisms of niche adaptation of fungal wilt pathogens, advances our understanding of the evolution and development of their pathogenesis, and sheds light on potential avenues for the development of novel disease management strategies to combat destructive wilt diseases. C1 [Klosterman, Steven J.; Anchieta, Amy; Hayes, Ryan J.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Subbarao, Krishna V.; Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Atallah, Zahi; Inderbitzin, Patrik] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kang, Seogchan] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Veronese, Paola] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gold, Scott E.; Paz, Zahi] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Gold, Scott E.; Paz, Zahi] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Thomma, Bart P. H. J.; de Jonge, Ronnie; Santhanam, Parthasarathy] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Chen, Zehua; Heiman, David I.; Young, Sarah; Zeng, Qiandong; Engels, Reinhard; Galagan, James; Cuomo, Christina A.; Ma, Li-Jun] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Henrissat, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, Aix En Provence, France. [Lee, Yong-Hwan; Park, Jongsun] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Ctr Fungal Genet Resources, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Yong-Hwan; Park, Jongsun] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Agr Biomat, Seoul, South Korea. [Garcia-Pedrajas, Maria D.] CSIC, IHSM Mayora, UMA, Malaga, Spain. [Barbara, Dez J.] Univ Warwick, Warwick, England. [Amyotte, Stefan G.; Dobinson, Katherine F.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Dobinson, Katherine F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON, Canada. [Ma, Li-Jun] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Klosterman, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM katherine.dobinson@agr.gc.ca; Lijun@psis.umass.edu RI Chen, Zehua/E-6356-2011; chen, zehua/H-1260-2011; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Thomma, Bart/E-5959-2011; Garcia-Pedrajas, Maria /G-1729-2015; de Jonge, Ronnie/I-3260-2016; OI Thomma, Bart/0000-0003-4125-4181; Garcia-Pedrajas, Maria /0000-0001-5520-1887; de Jonge, Ronnie/0000-0001-5065-8538; Ma, Li-Jun/0000-0002-2733-3708; Galagan, James/0000-0003-0542-3291; Park, Jongsun/0000-0003-0786-4701; Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835; Cuomo, Christina/0000-0002-5778-960X FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35600-17626]; Research Council for Earth and Life sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant no. 2006-35600-17626 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and conducted by the Broad Institute Sequencing Platform. Part of this research was supported by a Vidi grant of the Research Council for Earth and Life sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 107 TC 124 Z9 172 U1 9 U2 68 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 7 IS 7 AR e1002137 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002137 PG 19 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 800DG UT WOS:000293339300028 PM 21829347 ER PT J AU Gormally, KH McIntosh, MS Mucciardi, AN McCarty, GW AF Gormally, Kevin H. McIntosh, Marla S. Mucciardi, Anthony N. McCarty, Gregory W. TI Ground-Penetrating Radar Detection and Three-Dimensional Mapping of Lateral Macropores: II. Riparian Application SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; FORESTED HILLSLOPES; FLOW; SOIL; QUANTIFICATION; STREAM; MORPHOLOGY; HYDROLOGY; NITRATE; IMPACT AB The morphology and prevalence of macropores < 10 cm in diameter in forested riparian wetlands is largely unknown despite their importance as a mechanism for preferential flow of contaminants to stream channels. Here, we validate field procedures for detecting and mapping the three-dimensional structure of near-surface (15-65 cm deep) lateral macropore networks using non-invasive ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology at a Mid-Atlantic riparian wetland field study site. Soil core samples used to ground truth the procedures showed that the detection predictions were 92% accurate and tracer dye transmission through the site corroborated the morphology predictions. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using GPR to map preferential flow networks in situ without disturbing environmentally sensitive wetland ecosystems. C1 [Gormally, Kevin H.; McIntosh, Marla S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mucciardi, Anthony N.] TreeRadar Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP McIntosh, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mmcintos@umd.edu RI McIntosh, Marla/A-3441-2011 OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1236 EP 1243 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0342 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400004 ER PT J AU Kargas, G Kerkides, P Seyfried, M Sgoumbopoulou, A AF Kargas, G. Kerkides, P. Seyfried, M. Sgoumbopoulou, A. TI WET Sensor Performance in Organic and Inorganic Media with Heterogeneous Moisture Distribution SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; DIFFERENT DIELECTRIC METHODS; SALINE GYPSIFEROUS SOIL; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CALIBRATION; TDR; TEMPERATURE; PROBE AB Interest in electronic monitoring of soil water has grown as increased demand for water creates a greater need for effective water management. Relatively inexpensive commercial soil water sensors that use measured soil dielectric properties to calculate soil water content have been developed to address this need but have received little independent testing of critical calibration procedures and parameters. The WET sensor (Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, UK) is one such sensor. The two primary objectives in this study were to: (i) determine appropriate calibration parameters for a variety of inorganic soils and organic media; and (ii) determine how WET sensor readings are affected in media with strongly contrasting water contents. We found that the two-point calibrations suggested by the manufacturer yielded parameters that were not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) from those suggested by the manufacturer and yielded values consistent with well-established oven-dry values. For the organic media, we found that accurate, media-specific calibration could be obtained for all media tested and that the general form of the calibration equation used for soils applies to organic media. Experiments in a variety of layered media showed that, in contrast to time domain reflectometry results, the WET-measured dielectric value is the arithmetic average of the two contrasting layers. In soils, the linear correlation between measured and arithmetic average dielectric constants was very high (R(2) > 0.99) for all four soils tested. This indicates that the upward infiltration calibration technique is generally inappropriate for the WET sensor. C1 [Seyfried, M.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Kargas, G.; Kerkides, P.; Sgoumbopoulou, A.] Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Hydraul, Sect Water Resources Mgmt, Athens 11855, Greece. RP Seyfried, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM mark.seyfried@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1244 EP 1252 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0238 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400005 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Suarez, DL AF Goldberg, Sabine Suarez, Donald L. TI Distinguishing Boron Desorption from Mineral Dissolution in Arid-Zone Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PALYGORSKITE; REGENERATION; EQUILIBRIUM; SERPENTINE; CALIFORNIA; SELENIUM; BASIN; AREA AB Boron release from six arid-zone soil samples from the San Joaquin Valley of California was investigated as a function of reaction time, solution pH, and suspension density. A multiple batch extraction experiment was performed for 362 d to distinguish B desorption from B released from mineral dissolution. Amounts of B released decreased rapidly and reached a low constant value aft er about 6 mo of reaction time. Slopes of the B release curves for the last eight extractions approached zero (constant release rate), indicating that this B release was from mineral dissolution. We also did a shorter term experiment that contained added Mg and silicate in solution. These experiments were conducted to evaluate the contribution of B release from dissolution of B-containing Mg silicate minerals. We determined that most of the B released from the soils can be attributed to release from sorption sites rather than resulting from dissolution of B-containing Mg silicates. Various B soil tests were evaluated for their ability to measure native extractable adsorbed B. The diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-sorbitol extract was the best measure of available adsorbed B but still only extracted 48% of the amount of B released in the long-term experiment. The greatest amount of B was extracted at the lowest suspension density for DTPA-sorbitol (92%) and phosphate buff er pH 6.6 (95%). These extractants are recommended for quantifying native extractable adsorbed B, which must be considered in application of chemical speciation transport models to describe B movement in soils. Incorporation of our results will allow improved predictions of soil solution B concentrations under diverse agricultural and environmental conditions. C1 [Goldberg, Sabine; Suarez, Donald L.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Sabine.Goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1353 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0439 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400015 ER PT J AU Cao, XY Olk, DC Chappell, M Cambardella, CA Miller, LF Mao, JD AF Cao, Xiaoyan Olk, Daniel C. Chappell, Mark Cambardella, Cynthia A. Miller, Lesley F. Mao, Jingdong TI Solid-State NMR Analysis of Soil Organic Matter Fractions from Integrated Physical-Chemical Extraction SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONALLY MANAGED SOILS; HUMIC-ACID FRACTIONS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; CARBON DYNAMICS; C-13; SPECTROSCOPY; HUMIFICATION; SUBSTANCES; POOLS AB Fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) were extracted by an integrated physical-chemical procedure and their chemical natures were characterized through (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For the 0- to 5-cm depth of a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] soil in Iowa, we extracted in sequence the light fraction, two size fractions of particulate organic matter (POM), and two NaOH-extractable humic acid fractions based on their binding to soil Ca(2+): the unbound mobile humic acid fraction and the calcium humate fraction. Whole SOM was obtained by dissolving the soil mineral component through HF washes. All samples were analyzed by advanced (13)C NMR techniques, including quantitative direct polarization/magic angle spinning, spectral-editing techniques, and two-dimensional (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear correlation NMR. The NMR spectra were comparable for the light fraction and two POM fractions and were dominated by carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lignins or their residues, with appreciable proteins or peptides. By contrast, spectra of the two humic fractions were dominated by aromatic C and COO/N-C=O groups, with smaller proportions of carbohydrates and NCH/OCH(3) groups, indicative of more humified material. This trend was yet more pronounced in the calcium humate fraction. The spectrum for whole SOM had signals intermediate between these two groups of SOM fractions, suggesting contributions from both groups. Our results for this soil suggest that either chemical or physical fractions alone will partially represent whole SOM, and their integrated use is likely to provide greater insight into SOM structure and possibly function, depending on the research issue. C1 [Cao, Xiaoyan; Mao, Jingdong] Old Dominion Univ, Dep Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Olk, Daniel C.; Cambardella, Cynthia A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chappell, Mark; Miller, Lesley F.] USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mao, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dep Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jmao@odu.edu RI Cao, Xiaoyan/E-3492-2012 OI Cao, Xiaoyan/0000-0001-7571-6482 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0843996, CBET-0853950, DEB-1057472]; Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0843996, CBET-0853950, and DEB-1057472) and the Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust. We thank Mr. Terry Grimard for his careful extractions of the soil organic matter fractions and Ms. Jody Ohmacht for her assistance with the extractions. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 51 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1374 EP 1384 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0382 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400018 ER PT J AU Streubel, JD Collins, HP Garcia-Perez, M Tarara, J Granatstein, D Kruger, CE AF Streubel, J. D. Collins, H. P. Garcia-Perez, M. Tarara, J. Granatstein, D. Kruger, C. E. TI Influence of Contrasting Biochar Types on Five Soils at Increasing Rates of Application SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON BIOCHAR; FAST PYROLYSIS; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOMASS; CHARCOAL; DYNAMICS; SEQUESTRATION; MANURE; POOLS AB A series of experiments was established to characterize biochars made from four feedstocks regionally available in the Pacific Northwest (wood pellets, soft wood bark, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) straw, and anaerobically digested fiber) to determine their effect on five soils. Soils were amended with 9.8, 19.5, and 39.0 Mg ha(-1) of each of the four biochars and evaluated for changes in pH, water holding capacity, N mineralization, and soil C. The C content of biochars derived from the herbaceous feedstocks was 60 to 67 kg kg(-1) whereas that of the woody feedstocks was > 75 kg kg(-1). In amended soils we found that biochars, regardless of origin, significantly raised the pH of all soil types 0.1 to 0.9 units, with the greatest impact on a sand soil. The biochars increased the soil C and water holding capacity at the higher rates of amendment depending on soil and biochar type. Nitrogen mineralization rates decreased in three of the five soils across all feedstocks. There were significant correlations (r >= 0.9) between biochar C measured and biochar C added regardless of feedstock or soil type. Our research demonstrates that in temperate soils, biochar feedstock may not be as important a variable as soil type for increasing C content and pH but can influence N mineralization and water holding capacity. C1 [Collins, H. P.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Streubel, J. D.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Garcia-Perez, M.] Washington State Univ, Dep Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Tarara, J.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Granatstein, D.; Kruger, C. E.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hal.collins@ars.usda.gov RI Kruger, Chad/A-3952-2013 FU USDA-ARS under ARS [5354-21660-002-00D]; Washington State Department of Ecology [C0800248]; Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University FX This publication is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS under the ARS Project CRIS no. 5354-21660-002-00D and in part by a grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology under Interagency Agreement C0800248 with the Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University. We thank Becky Cochran, Jessica Babcock, and Josh Babcock for laboratory analysis and Steve Fransen for statistical assistance. NR 69 TC 52 Z9 67 U1 7 U2 87 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1413 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0325 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400021 ER PT J AU Vaughan, KL McDaniel, PA Phillips, WM AF Vaughan, Karen L. McDaniel, Paul A. Phillips, William M. TI Episodic Soil Succession on Basaltic Lava Fields in a Cool, Dry Environment SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CIMA-VOLCANIC-FIELD; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; QUATERNARY CLIMATIC CHANGES; MOJAVE-DESERT; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; LATEST PLEISTOCENE; IDAHO; CALIFORNIA; LOESS AB Holocene-to late Pleistocene-aged lava flows at Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve provide an ideal setting to examine the early stages of soil formation under cool, dry conditions. Transects were used to characterize the amount and nature of soil cover on across basaltic lava flows ranging in age from 2.1 to 18.4 ka. Results indicate that on flows <13 ka, very shallow organic soils (Folists in Soil Taxonomy) are the dominant soil type, providing an areal coverage of up to similar to 25%. On flows >= 13.9 ka, deeper mineral soils including Entisols, Aridisols, and Mollisols become dominant and the areal extent increases to >= 95% on flows older than 18.4 ka. These data suggest there are two distinct pedogenic pathways associated with lava flows of the region. The first pathway is illustrated by the younger flows, where Folists dominate. In the absence of a major source of loess, relatively little mineral material accumulates and soils provide only minor coverage of the lava flows. Our results indicate that this pathway of soil development has not changed appreciably over the past similar to 10 ka. The second pedogenic pathway is illustrated by the flows older than 13.9 ka. These flows have been subject to deposition of large quantities of loess during and aft er the last regional glaciation, resulting in almost complete coverage. Subsequent pedogenesis has given rise to Aridisols and Mollisols with calcic and cambic horizons and mollic epipedons. This research highlights the importance of regional climate change on the evolution of Craters of the Moon soilscapes. C1 [Vaughan, Karen L.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [McDaniel, Paul A.] Univ Idaho, Dep Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Phillips, William M.] Idaho Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Vaughan, KL (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 245 Jimmy Doolittle Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM karen.vaughan@ut.usda.gov RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009 FU United State Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service; Inland Northwest Research Alliance, Subsurface Science Research Institute FX This research was funded in part through a grant from the United State Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service and a fellowship awarded by the Inland Northwest Research Alliance, Subsurface Science Research Institute. The authors gratefully acknowledge and appreciate the field and laboratory support of Rob Vaughan, Anita Falen, Dave Hoover, Bob Kukachka, Rod Kyar, Hal Swenson, Erin Morra, Ameila Jurkowska, John Celley, Meagan Glecker, and the Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve staff. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1470 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010:0341 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400027 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Mikha, MM Presley, DR Claassen, MM AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Mikha, Maysoon M. Presley, DeAnn R. Claassen, Mark M. TI Addition of Cover Crops Enhances No-Till Potential for Improving Soil Physical Properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CROPPING SYSTEMS; BULK-DENSITY; CARBON; INFILTRATION; YIELD; CORN; COMPACTABILITY; AGROECOSYSTEMS; AGGREGATION AB Inclusion of cover crops (CCs) may be a potential strategy to boost no-till performance by improving soil physical properties. To assess this potential, we utilized a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] rotation, four N rates, and a hairy vetch (HV; Vicia villosa Roth) CC aft er wheat during the first rotation cycles, which was replaced in subsequent cycles with sunn hemp (SH; Crotalaria juncea L.) and late-maturing soybean [LMS; Glycine max (L.) Merr.] CCs in no-till on a silt loam. At the end of 15 yr, we studied the cumulative impacts of CCs on soil physical properties and assessed relationships between soil properties and soil organic C (SOC) concentration. Across N rates, SH reduced near-surface bulk density (rho(b)) by 4% and increased cumulative infiltration by three times relative to no-CC plots. Without N application, SH and LMS reduced Proctor maximum rho(b), a parameter of soil compactibility, by 5%, indicating that soils under CCs may be less susceptible to compaction. Cover crops also increased mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWDA) by 80% in the 0- to 7.5-cm depth. The SOC concentration was 30% greater for SH and 20% greater for LMS than for no-CC plots in the 0- to 7.5-cm depth. The CC-induced increase in SOC concentration was negatively correlated with Proctor maximum rho(b) and positively with MWDA and cumulative infiltration. Overall, addition of CCs to no-till systems improved soil physical properties, and the CC-induced change in SOC concentration was correlated with soil physical properties. C1 [Blanco-Canqui, Humberto] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Mikha, Maysoon M.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, No Plains Area, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Presley, DeAnn R.] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Claassen, Mark M.] Kansas State Univ, Hesston, KS 67062 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Agr Res Ctr Hays, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM hblanco@ksu.edu NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 13 U2 83 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1482 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0430 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400028 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB Schillinger, WF AF Wuest, Stewart B. Schillinger, William F. TI Evaporation from High Residue No-Till versus Tilled Fallow in a Dry Summer Climate SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STUBBLE-MULCH FALLOW; WINTER-WHEAT; WATER CONSERVATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHEMICAL FALLOW; GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; STORAGE AB Farmers in the low-precipitation (<300 mm annual) region of the Inland Pacific Northwest of the USA practice summer fallow to produce winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a 2-yr rotation. No-till fallow (NTF) is ideal for wind erosion control but is not widely practiced because of seed-zone soil drying during the summer, whereas adequate seed-zone water for germination and emergence of deep-sown winter wheat can generally be retained with tilled fallow (TF). Successful establishment of winter wheat from late August-early September planting is critical for optimum grain yield potential. A 6-yr field study was conducted to determine if accumulations of surface residue under long-term NTF might eventually be enough to substitute for TF in conserving seed-zone water over summer. Averaged over the 6 yr, residue rates of 1500, 6000, and 10 500 kg ha(-1) (1x, 4x, and 7x rates, respectively) on NTF produced incrementally greater seed-zone water but were not capable of conserving as much as TF. Total root zone (0-180 cm) over-summer water loss was greatest in the 1x NTF whereas there were no significant differences in the 4x and 7x NTF versus TF. Average precipitation storage efficiency ranged from 33% for 1x NTF to 40% for TF. We conclude that for the low-precipitation winter wheat-summer fallow region of the Inland Pacific Northwest: (i) Cumulative water loss during the summer from NTF generally exceeds that of TF; (ii) there is more extensive and deeper over-summer drying of the seed-zone layer with NTF than with TF; (iii) increased quantities of surface residue in NTF slow the rate of evaporative loss from late-summer rains, and (iv) large quantities of surface residue from April through August will marginally enhance total-profile and seed-zone water in NTF, but will not retain adequate seed-zone water for early establishment of winter wheat except sometimes during years of exceptionally high precipitation or when substantial rain occurs in mid-to-late August. C1 [Wuest, Stewart B.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Schillinger, William F.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Dryland Res Stn, Lind, WA 99341 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM stewart.wuest@ars.usda.gov OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1513 EP 1519 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0368 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400032 ER PT J AU Madsen, MD Zvirzdin, DL Petersen, SL Hopkins, BG Roundy, BA Chandler, DG AF Madsen, M. D. Zvirzdin, D. L. Petersen, S. L. Hopkins, B. G. Roundy, B. A. Chandler, D. G. TI Soil Water Repellency within a Burned Pinon-Juniper Woodland: Spatial Distribution, Severity, and Ecohydrologic Implications SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES; WESTERN JUNIPER; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; CENTRAL NEVADA; INFILTRATION; WETTABILITY; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; SAGEBRUSH AB Soil water repellency is commonly found in pi on (Pinus spp.)-juniper (Juniperus spp.) (P-J) woodlands and may limit site recovery aft er a fire. Understanding the extent of this problem and the impact it has on vegetation recovery will help guide land managers in conducting their restoration efforts. In this study, we (i) examined the spatial distribution and severity of post-fire soil water repellency in a burned P-J woodland, (ii) related ecohydrologic properties to pre-fire tree canopy cover and post-fire vegetation establishment, and (iii) demonstrated a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to extrapolate observed patterns to the fire boundary scale. During a 2-yr period, several soil and vegetative measurements were performed along radial line transects extending from the trunk of burned Utah juniper [Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little] trees to twice the canopy radius. Results indicate that water repellency patterns are highly correlated with pre-fire tree canopy cover. Critical water repellency extended from the base of the tree to just beyond the canopy edge, while subcritical water repellency extended half a canopy radius past the edge of the critical water repellency zone. At sites where critical water repellency was present, infiltration rates, soil moisture, and vegetation cover and density were significantly less than non-water-repellent sites. These variables were also reduced in soils with subcritical water repellency (albeit to a lesser extent). Results were exported into a GIS-based model and used in conjunction with remotely sensed imagery to estimate the spatial distribution of soil water repellency at the landscape scale. C1 [Madsen, M. D.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Zvirzdin, D. L.; Petersen, S. L.; Hopkins, B. G.; Roundy, B. A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dep Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Chandler, D. G.] Syracuse Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Madsen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM matthew.madsen@oregonstate.edu RI Hopkins, Bryan/F-3670-2011; Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Brigham Young University; USDA-NRCS; USDA-ARS FX We are grateful to Kaitlynn Neville, Ben Stearns, Derek Allan, Alexander Zvirzdin, and Eric Gardner, who aided in collecting and processing field data. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Rangeland Research Program, Brigham Young University's Mentoring and Education Grant, the USDA-NRCS, and the USDA-ARS. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1543 EP 1553 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0320 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400035 ER PT J AU Duan, YH Xu, MG Wang, BR Yang, XY Huang, SM Gao, SD AF Duan, Yinghua Xu, Minggang Wang, Bairen Yang, Xueyun Huang, Shaomin Gao, Suduan TI Long-Term Evaluation of Manure Application on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in China SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; SOIL PROPERTIES; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN YIELDS; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZER; MANAGEMENT; AMENDMENTS; RECOVERY; SORPTION AB Improving N use efficiency (NUE) and reducing the negative impact of N fertilization on the environment are essential for sustaining agricultural production in many intensive farming regions around the world. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of various fertilization regimes on yield, N uptake, and NUE by maize (Zea mays L.) in long-term (15-yr) experiments performed at four sites (Changping, Zhengzhou, Yangling, and Qiyang) in China. Eight treatments were examined: unfertilized control (CK); inorganic fertilizer (manufactured source) N, N and P, N and K, and N, P, and K; inorganic N, P, and K with manure (NPKM); 1.5' the rate of NPKM (1.5NPKM); and N, P, and K with maize stover returned (NPKS). Compared with inorganic fertilization, mixed inorganic and manure fertilization (NPKM and 1.5NPKM) resulted in more stable and significantly higher yield and NUE as well as increases in soil nutrient storage at all sites, with the most significant improvement in the acid soil (pH = 5.7) at Qiyang. Phosphorous was identified as one of the most important limiting factors in maize NUE because the NUE at all four sites increased from about 20 to 45% by increasing the available P in the soil. Higher NUEs (up to 70%) were observed mostly from the continuous manure applications. We conclude that manure and P applications are the most important and effective nutrient management strategies for both the acid and alkaline soils in this study for maize production in China. C1 [Duan, Yinghua; Xu, Minggang; Wang, Bairen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr China, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Crop Nutr & Fertilizat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Xueyun] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Shaomin] Henan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Nutr & Agr Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. [Gao, Suduan] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Xu, MG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr China, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Crop Nutr & Fertilizat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM mgxu@caas.ac.cn FU National Basic Research Program [2011CB100501, 2007CB109308]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [201003189]; National Science Foundation of China [40871148, 40901141, 41001175] FX We acknowledge all the colleagues for their unremitting efforts on the long-term experiments and we are also very grateful to Mr. Bruce Mackey for his help with the statistical analysis. Financial support is from the National Basic Research Program (2011CB100501, 2007CB109308), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (201003189), and the National Science Foundation of China (40871148, 40901141, and 41001175). NR 40 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 43 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1562 EP 1573 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0315 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 796TW UT WOS:000293076400037 ER PT J AU Fortenko, O Zeki, A Schuster, G Davis, C Allayee, H Stephensen, C Kenyon, NJ AF Fortenko, Olga Zeki, Amir Schuster, Gertrud Davis, Cristina Allayee, Hooman Stephensen, Charles Kenyon, Nicholas J. TI Asthma patients with specific genotypes identified for fish oil treatment trial SO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; 5-LIPOXYGENASE; LEUKOTRIENES; MONTELUKAST; PATHWAY AB The lifetime prevalence of asthma in California is nearly 20%, and better therapies are needed to manage this common chronic disease. Fish oils containing omega-3 fatty acids are considered a potential therapy for asthma and other inflammatory diseases. Fish oil inhibits the production of arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), an enzyme that exacerbates the lung inflammation that causes asthma. We discuss the genetics of asthma and our preliminary results using a strategy to identify the subgroup of patients who may respond well to treatment with fish oil. These findings, and others, suggest that certain gene polymorphisms of the ALOX5 gene predispose patients to the increased production of inflammatory leukotrienes. Our clinical trials will test the hypothesis that patients with moderate to severe asthma, and with specific high-risk ALOX5 gene sequence variations, will have fewer asthma symptoms when treated with fish oil. The strategy is to decrease the total burden of leukotriene production by supplementing with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These studies will also help determine whether genotyping or metabolic profiling (for example, with exhaled breath condensate) can help establish "personalized medicine" for asthma. C1 [Fortenko, Olga] UC Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zeki, Amir; Kenyon, Nicholas J.] UC Davis, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schuster, Gertrud] UC Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stephensen, Charles] USDA, Western Hlth & Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Cristina] UC Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA USA. [Allayee, Hooman] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Allayee, Hooman] Univ So Calif, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Fortenko, O (reprint author), UC Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU UC Davis Center for Health and Nutrition Research; State of California Vitamin Price Fixing Consumer Settlement Fund; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR024146]; Asthma America Foundation FX Robert M. Hackman, Research Nutritionist in the UC Davis Department of Nutrition, served as Guest Associate Editor for this article. This work was supported in part by the UC Davis Center for Health and Nutrition Research, established with funding from the State of California Vitamin Price Fixing Consumer Settlement Fund, as well as from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) Grant UL1 RR024146 and the Asthma America Foundation. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA, OAKLAND, DIVISION AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCES PI RICHMOND PA 1301 S 46 ST, RICHMOND, CA 94804 USA SN 0008-0845 J9 CALIF AGR JI Calif. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.3733/ca.v065n03p112 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 794EB UT WOS:000292877200012 ER EF