FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Jang, SI Lee, KW Park, MS Bravo, D Lillehoj, EP AF Lee, Sung Hyen Lillehoj, Hyun S. Jang, Seung I. Lee, Kyung Woo Park, Myeong Seon Bravo, David Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Cinnamaldehyde enhances in vitro parameters of immunity and reduces in vivo infection against avian coccidiosis SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Cinnamaldehyde; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Immunity; Cytokines ID EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; ACTIVE SUBSTANCES; PLANT-EXTRACTS; CHICKEN; EXPRESSION; ENTERITIDIS; GROWTH; IL-2 AB The effects of cinnamaldehyde (CINN) on in vitro parameters of immunity and in vivo protection against avian coccidiosis were evaluated. In vitro stimulation of chicken spleen lymphocytes with CINN (25-400 ng/ml) induced greater cell proliferation compared with the medium control (P<0.001). CINN activated cultured macrophages to produce higher levels of NO at 1.2-5.0 mu g/ml (P<0.001), inhibited the growth of chicken tumour cells at 0.6-2.5 mu g/ml (P<0.001) and reduced the viability of Eimeria tenella parasites at 10 and 100 mu g/ml (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively), compared with media controls. In chickens fed a diet supplemented with CINN at 14.4 mg/kg, the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-15 and interferon-gamma transcripts in intestinal lymphocytes were 2- to 47-fold higher (P<0.001) compared with chickens given a non-supplemented diet. To determine the effect of CINN diets on avian coccidiosis, chickens were fed diets supplemented with CINN at 14.4 mg/kg (E. maxima or E. tenella) or 125 mg/kg (E. acervulina) from hatch for 24 d, and orally infected with 2.0 x 10(4) sporulated oocysts at age 14 d. CINN-fed chickens showed 16.5 and 41.6% increased body-weight gains between 0-9 d post-infection (DPI) with E. acervulina or E. maxima, reduced E. acervulina oocyst shedding between 5-9 DPI and increased E. tenella-stimulated parasite antibody responses at 9 DPI compared with controls. C1 [Lee, Sung Hyen; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Jang, Seung I.; Lee, Kyung Woo; Park, Myeong Seon] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bravo, David] Pancosma SA, CH-1218 Geneva, Switzerland. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; Pancosma S.A. FX This project was partially supported by a formal trust agreement established between the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture and Pancosma S.A. The authors thank Margie Nichols and Stacy Torreyson for their significant contribution to this research. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 106 IS 6 BP 862 EP 869 DI 10.1017/S0007114511001073 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827CF UT WOS:000295403000010 PM 21554819 ER PT J AU Romao, JM Jin, WW Dodson, MV Hausman, GJ Moore, SS Guan, LL AF Romao, Josue M. Jin, Weiwu Dodson, Michael V. Hausman, Gary J. Moore, Stephen S. Guan, Le Luo TI MicroRNA regulation in mammalian adipogenesis SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE adipocyte; adipogenesis; microRNA; differentiation ID BOVINE PERIMUSCULAR PREADIPOCYTES; MITOTIC CLONAL EXPANSION; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PPAR-GAMMA; SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; MEAT ANIMALS AB Adipogenesis, the complex development from preadipocytes or mesenchymal stem cells to mature adipocytes, is essential for fat formation and metabolism of adipose tissues in mammals. It has been reported to be regulated by hormones and various adipogenic transcription factors which are expressed as a transcriptional cascade promoting adipocyte differentiation, leading to the mature adipocyte phenotype. Recent findings indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, are involved in the regulatory network of many biological processes, including cell differentiation, through post-transcriptional regulation of transcription factors and/or other genes. In this review, we focus on the recent understanding of the roles of miRNAs in adipogenesis, including the most recent and relevant findings that support the role of several miRNAs as pro- or antiadipogenic factors regulating adipogenesis in mice, human and cattle to propose the future role of miRNA in adipogenesis of farm animal models. C1 [Guan, Le Luo] Univ Alberta, Agr Ctr 410, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Dodson, Michael V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hausman, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Guan, LL (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Agr Ctr 410, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM lguan@ualberta.ca RI Xie, Huangming/B-2260-2012; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 FU Alberta Livestock Industry [2007F044R, 2010R033R] FX This work was supported by Alberta Livestock Industry Development Fund (2007F044R & 2010R033R). NR 74 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 236 IS 9 BP 997 EP 1004 DI 10.1258/ebm.2011.011101 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 828GD UT WOS:000295488600003 PM 21844119 ER PT J AU Pitt, WC Higashi, M Primus, TM AF Pitt, William C. Higashi, Michelle Primus, Thomas M. TI The effect of cooking on diphacinone residues related to human consumption of feral pig tissues SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feral swine; Wild pig; Diphacinone; Diphenadione; Rodent control ID SUS-SCROFA; WILD; FOREST; RANGE AB We examined feral pig tissues to determine whether the potential hazard of consuming meat from pigs previously exposed to diphacinone rodenticide baits was reduced by cooking. Residue levels were measured in cooked and uncooked tissues of feral pigs exposed to sub-lethal quantities of the anticoagulant rodenticide. Pigs were provided large amounts of baits or untreated food to consume, then euthanized prior to the onset of symptoms indicative of rodenticide poisoning or sickness. For analysis, we grouped pigs into three levels of mean diphacinone consumption: 0, 3.5, and 7.4 mg/kg. None of the pigs displayed obvious signs of toxicity during the study period. The highest concentrations of diphacinone were found in liver tissue. Cooking had little effect on residual diphacinone concentrations. The hazards to humans and pets from meat from feral pigs that consumed the rodenticide diphacinone are not reduced by cooking; consumption of pig meat obtained from areas with active rodent control programs should be avoided. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pitt, William C.; Higashi, Michelle; Primus, Thomas M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. RP Pitt, WC (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, POB 10880, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. EM will.pitt@aphis.usda.gov FU Hawaii Invasive Species Council; National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services FX This research was funded in part by a Grant from the Hawaii Invasive Species Council and by the National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services as Protocol QA 1506, approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee January 2, 2008. We thank Katherine Horak, Catherine Swift, and John Eisemann for editing and suggestions on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank Michael W. Fall for assistance with literature review and manuscript preparation. Comments by two anonymous reviewers were very helpful to us in improving the manuscript. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 49 IS 9 BP 2030 EP 2034 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.014 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 824FU UT WOS:000295188600018 PM 21620925 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Velmurugan, GV Rajendran, C Yabsley, MJ Thomas, NJ Beckmen, KB Sinnett, D Ruid, D Hart, J Fair, PA McFee, WE Shearn-Bochsler, V Kwok, OCH Ferreira, LR Choudhary, S Faria, EB Zhou, H Felix, TA Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Velmurugan, G. V. Rajendran, C. Yabsley, M. J. Thomas, N. J. Beckmen, K. B. Sinnett, D. Ruid, D. Hart, J. Fair, P. A. McFee, W. E. Shearn-Bochsler, V. Kwok, O. C. H. Ferreira, L. R. Choudhary, S. Faria, E. B. Zhou, H. Felix, T. A. Su, C. TI Genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife from North America revealed widespread and high prevalence of the fourth clonal type SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Wildlife; Seroprevalence; Isolation; Genetic types; USA ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; CHICKENS GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; SKUNK MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; SEA OTTERS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPLACENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB Little is known of the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife. In the present study wild animals, from the USA were examined for T. gondii infection. Tissues of naturally exposed animals were bioassayed in mice for isolation of viable parasites. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 31 animals including, to our knowledge for the first time, from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), five gray wolves (Canis lupus), a woodrat (Neotoma micro pus). and five Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). Additionally, 66 T. gondii isolates obtained previously, but not genetically characterised, were revived in mice. Toxoplasma gondii DNA isolated from these 97 samples (31 + 66) was characterised using 11 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers (SAG, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico). A total of 95 isolates were successfully genotyped. In addition to clonal Types II, and III, 12 different genotypes were found. These genotype data were combined with 74 T. gondii isolates previously characterised from wildlife from North America and a composite data set of 169 isolates comprised 22 genotypes, including clonal Types II, Ill and 20 atypical genotypes. Phylogenetic network analysis showed limited diversity with dominance of a recently designated fourth clonal type (Type 12) in North America, followed by the Type II and III lineages. These three major lineages together accounted for 85% of strains in North America. The Type 12 lineage includes previously identified Type A and X strains from sea otters. This study revealed that the Type 12 lineage accounts for 46.7% (79/169) of isolates and is dominant in wildlife of North America. No clonal Type I strain was identified among these wildlife isolates. These results suggest that T. gondii strains in wildlife from North America have limited diversity, with the occurrence of only a few major clonal types. (C) 2011 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Rajendran, C.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Ferreira, L. R.; Choudhary, S.; Faria, E. B.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yabsley, M. J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Wamell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Thomas, N. J.; Shearn-Bochsler, V.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Beckmen, K. B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Sinnett, D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Ruid, D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Hart, J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [McFee, W. E.] NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Zhou, H.] Shandong Univ, Dept Parasitol, Sch Med, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Felix, T. A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 67 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 8 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1139 EP 1147 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.06.005 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 825RE UT WOS:000295299000004 PM 21802422 ER PT J AU Schober, TJ Bean, SR Tilley, M Smith, BM Ioerger, BP AF Schober, Tilman J. Bean, Scott R. Tilley, Michael Smith, Brennan M. Ioerger, Brian P. TI Impact of different isolation procedures on the functionality of zein and kafirin SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zein; Kafirin; Viscoelasticity; Gluten ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SEPARATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PROPOSED NOMENCLATURE; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; STARCH DOUGHS; MAIZE ZEIN; ACID FILMS; IN-VITRO; SORGHUM; CORN AB Commercial corn prolamin (zein) aggregates in water at elevated temperatures into an extensible, viscoelastic gluten-like substance. This specific functionality of zein can be used in the production of gluten-free bread from true dough systems and not from batters. The present study examined laboratory-scale isolation of such functional zein from dry milled corn. RP-HPLC indicated that successful isolation procedures resulted in relatively pure alpha-zeins, with a maximum ratio of (beta + gamma)/alpha-zeins of about 10%. In the present study, such functional zeins were obtained by using 70% ethanol as the extractant, without added alkali or reducing agent in the main extraction step. In contrast, films could be cast from a wider range of zein isolates, also with higher ratios of (beta + gamma)/alpha-zeins. Isolation of the analogous prolamin (kafirin) from dry milled sorghum required a more hydrophobic extractant such as 83% isopropanol to achieve partial functionality. Such kafirin was able to aggregate in warm water, preferably when a reducing agent was added; however, it quickly became firm and lost its extensibility. The present study suggests that hydrophobic interactions rather than disulfide bonds are the key to gluten-like functionality of zein and kafirin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schober, Tilman J.; Bean, Scott R.; Tilley, Michael; Smith, Brennan M.; Ioerger, Brian P.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM scott.bean@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.06.007 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 827QA UT WOS:000295441800010 ER PT J AU Jiang, YF Chen, XL Lin, H Wang, F Chen, F AF Jiang, Yifan Chen, Xinlu Lin, Hong Wang, Fei Chen, Feng TI Floral Scent in Wisteria: Chemical Composition, Emission Pattern, and Regulation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ornamental plant; invasive species; terpenoids; methyl ester; headspace ID INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID METHYLTRANSFERASE; VOLATILE CHEMICALS; METHYL SALICYLATE; FLOWERS; BIOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; POPLAR; FAMILY AB Volatile chemicals emitted from the flowers of chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinenesis) and japanese wisteria (W. floribunda) were collected using a dynamic headspace technique and identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry; 28 and 22 compounds were detected from chinese wisteria and japanese wisteria flowers, respectively. These chemicals can be classified into four major classes, including fatty acid derivatives, benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Two monoterpenes, (E)-beta-ocimene and linalool, belonging to the class of terpenoids, were the most abundant compounds emitted from both species. Despite strong similarity, the floral volatile profiles of the two species displayed variations in both quality and quantity. Chinese wisteria was selected as a model for further study of volatile emission from different parts of flowers, emission dynamics, and regulation of floral scent production. Although floral volatiles were detected from all flower parts, petals emitted the most. The emission of floral volatiles displayed a diurnal pattern with the maximal emissions occurring during the daytime. This rhythmic pattern was determined to be light-dependent. Regulation of floral volatile emission by exogenous chemicals, including silver thiosulphate (an ethylene inhibitor), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid, also was analyzed. Generally, jasmonic acid promoted the emission of floral volatiles. In contrast, neither silver thiosulphate nor salicylic acid showed a significant effect on floral volatile emission. The results presented in this article suggest that wisteria can serve as a useful system for exploring novel biochemistry of floral scent biosynthesis. They also build a foundation for the study of the biological/ecological significance of floral volatiles on the reproductive biology of wisteria species. C1 [Jiang, Yifan; Wang, Fei] NW A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Yifan; Chen, Xinlu; Wang, Fei] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM xnwangfei521@126.com; fengc@utk.edu OI Chen, Xinlu/0000-0002-7560-6125 FU University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture; China Scholarship Council FX This project was supported by the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. Yifan Jiang is a recipient of a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 136 IS 5 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 827IL UT WOS:000295422100001 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Khandekar, S Leisner, S AF Frantz, Jonathan M. Khandekar, Sushant Leisner, Scott TI Silicon Differentially Influences Copper Toxicity Response in Silicon-accumulator and Non-accumulator Species SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zinnia; snapdragon; plant nutrition; micronutrient; floriculture; Cu; Si ID COWPEA VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; MANGANESE TOLERANCE; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; HIGHER-PLANTS; GROWTH; CROPS; RESISTANCE; TRAITS; RICE AB The use of copper (Cu) in agriculture is widespread as a pesticide, and it is present in high concentrations in certain types of manures. As the use of Cu continues and manure management is incorporated into sustainable systems, the likelihood of Cu toxicity increases. Supplemental silicon has been used to successfully counteract potential micronutrient toxicity. There is currently considerable debate regarding the value of including silicon (Si) as a nutrient in fertility programs and as such, it is not part of a typical management practice in floriculture crop production in the United States. We investigated the potential for Si to ameliorate the effects of Cu toxicity in both a Si-accumulating [zinnia (Zinnia elegans)] and a Si-non-accumulating [snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)1 species. Using visible stress indicators and dry weight analysis, it initially appeared that Si was a significant benefit to only zinnia under Cu toxicity. Enzymatic assays and elemental analysis of leaves, stems, and roots revealed that both species responded to supplemental Si, showing evidence of reduced stress and nutrient concentrations more similar to healthy, control plants than plants exposed to Cu toxicity. Although there appear to be differences in the extent of Si-mediated amelioration of Cu toxicity between these two plants, both responded to supplemental Si. This adds to the growing body of evidence that all plants likely have Si-mediated responses to stress, and its inclusion into fertility programs should be more broadly considered than current practices. C1 [Frantz, Jonathan M.] USDA ARS, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Khandekar, Sushant; Leisner, Scott] Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, 2801 W Bancroft,MS 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jonathan.frantz@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 136 IS 5 BP 329 EP 338 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 827IL UT WOS:000295422100004 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN AF Hamir, Amir N. TI Pathology of neurologic disorders of raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review DE Diseases of central nervous system; infectious; neoplastic; pathologic disorders; raccoons (Procyon lotor); toxic conditions ID TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA INFECTIONS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; DISTEMPER VIRUS-INFECTION; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CANINE-DISTEMPER; RABIES VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION AB The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is almost ubiquitous in North America. In recent times, it was introduced in many parts of the world where it has now become largely feral. Since the outbreak of raccoon rabies epizootic in eastern United States and Canada, most diagnostic laboratories have had increased numbers of raccoon carcasses or raccoon brain submissions for diagnosis of rabies. However, since a number of other diseases that affect the central nervous system and have similar clinical signs as rabies have been documented in this species, the current review attempts to bring together the published information on neurologic disorders of raccoons. C1 [Hamir, Amir N.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Vet Med & Surg, Unit 63, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Room 4055C, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ahamir@mdanderson.org NR 105 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 BP 873 EP 884 DI 10.1177/1040638711416851 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 825YH UT WOS:000295317600001 PM 21908341 ER PT J AU Eberling, AJ Bieker-Stefanelli, J Reising, MM Siev, D Martin, BM McIntosh, MT Beckham, TR AF Eberling, August J. Bieker-Stefanelli, Jill Reising, Monica M. Siev, David Martin, Barbara M. McIntosh, Michael T. Beckham, Tammy R. TI Development, optimization, and validation of a Classical swine fever virus real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Blood; classical swine fever; hog cholera; virus; Classical swine fever virus; swine; pigs; RNA; real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; PCR ASSAY; DIFFERENTIATION; AMPLIFICATION; DIARRHEA AB Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically devastating disease of pigs. Instrumental to the control of CSF is a well-characterized assay that can deliver a rapid, accurate diagnosis prior to the onset of clinical signs. A real-time fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (TaqMan) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for CSF was developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (CSF PIADC assay) and evaluated for analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. A well-characterized panel including Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Border disease virus (BDV) isolates was utilized in initial feasibility and optimization studies. The assay was initially designed and validated for use on the ABI 7900HT using the Qiagen QuantiTect (R) Probe RT-PCR chemistry. However, demonstrating equivalency with multiple one-step RT-PCR chemistries and PCR platforms increased the versatility of the assay. Limit of detection experiments indicated that the Qiagen QuantiTect (R) Multiplex (NoROX) and the Invitrogen SuperScript (R) III RT-PCR kits were consistently the most sensitive one-step chemistries for use with the CSF PIADC primer/probe set. Analytical sensitivity of the CSF PIADC assay ranged from <1-2.95 log(10) TCID50/ml on both the ABI 7900HT and ABI 7500 platforms. The CSF PIADC assay had 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when tested on a panel of 152 clinical samples from the Dominican Republic and Colombia. The ability to perform this newly developed assay in 96-well formats provides an increased level of versatility for use in CSF surveillance programs. C1 [McIntosh, Michael T.] USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, APHIS,VS,NVSL, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Reising, Monica M.; Siev, David] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Martin, Barbara M.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, Natl Anim Hlth Lab Network, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Beckham, Tammy R.] Natl Ctr Foreign Anim, College Stn, TX USA. [Beckham, Tammy R.] Zoonot Dis Def Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Beckham, Tammy R.] Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX USA. RP McIntosh, MT (reprint author), USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, APHIS,VS,NVSL, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM michael.t.mcintosh@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA APHIS; Department of Homeland Security Office of Science and Technology FX The USDA APHIS and Department of Homeland Security Office of Science and Technology provided cooperative support for the current work. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 BP 994 EP 998 DI 10.1177/1040638711416970 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 825YH UT WOS:000295317600022 PM 21908362 ER PT J AU Thontiravong, A Tantilertcharoen, R Tuanudom, R Sreta, D Thanawongnuwech, R Amonsin, A Oraveerakul, K Kitikoon, P AF Thontiravong, Aunyaratana Tantilertcharoen, Rachod Tuanudom, Ranida Sreta, Donreuthai Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje Amonsin, Alongkorn Oraveerakul, Kanisak Kitikoon, Pravina TI Single-step multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A virus pandemic in Thai swine populations SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Influenza; multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; pandemic; swine ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RT-PCR; PIGS; INFECTION AB A recently emerged H1N1 Influenza A virus (pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1)) with a Swine influenza virus (SIV) genetic background spread globally from human-to-human causing the first influenza virus pandemic of the 21st century. In a short period, reverse zoonotic cases in pigs followed by a widespread of the virus in the pig population were documented. The implementation of effective control strategies, rapid diagnosis, and differentiation of such virus from endemically circulating SIV in the various swine populations of the world is needed. To address the problem, a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay utilizing a combination of the PB1, H1, and N1 primers that can rapidly and simultaneously subtype and screen for the presence of pH1N1 virus infection in Thai pigs was developed. The assay had 100% specificity and did not amplify genetic material from other subtypes of SIV, seasonal H1N1 human influenza (huH1N1) virus, highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 virus, and other important swine respiratory viral pathogens. The assay was able to both detect and subtype pH1N1 virus as low as 0.1-50% tissue culture infective doses/ml (TCID(50)/ml). The assay was used to screen 175 clinical samples obtained from SIV suspected cases, of which 6 samples were pH1N1 positive and were confirmed through virus isolation and whole genome sequencing. The results of the study suggested that the assay would be useful for the rapid diagnosis of pH1N1 in suspected Thai swineherds, where genetics of the endemically circulating SIV differ from the strains circulating in North American and European herds. C1 [Thontiravong, Aunyaratana; Tantilertcharoen, Rachod; Tuanudom, Ranida; Sreta, Donreuthai; Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje; Amonsin, Alongkorn; Kitikoon, Pravina] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Emerging & Reemerging Infect Dis Anim Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand. [Tuanudom, Ranida; Sreta, Donreuthai; Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje; Oraveerakul, Kanisak; Kitikoon, Pravina] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Amonsin, Alongkorn] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Kitikoon, P (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Pravina.Kitikoon@ars.usda.gov OI Tantilertcharoen, Rachod/0000-0002-5465-8735 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007c]; Chulalongkorn University FX The current work has been funded in whole with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract no. HHSN266200700007c. The authors thank the Emerging Health Risk Cluster, Rachadapiseksompoch Endowment Fund, Chulalongkorn University. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1021 DI 10.1177/1040638711416620 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 825YH UT WOS:000295317600027 PM 21908367 ER PT J AU Wesley, IV Schroeder-Tucker, L AF Wesley, Irene V. Schroeder-Tucker, Linda TI RECOVERY OF ARCOBACTER SPP. FROM NONLIVESTOCK SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Arcobacter; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; alpaca; rhinoceroses; primates; equines ID NONHUMAN PRIMATE; BUTZLERI; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; SKIRROWII; FETUSES AB The genus Arcobacter encompasses campylobacter-like organisms that grow in air at 25 C. Arcobacter has been detected or isolated from clinically healthy livestock as well as aborted fetuses and has been presumptively identified as either Campylobacter or Leptospira, based on its growth in selective semisolid media. Because reports from nonlivestock species are limited, this study examined nine presumptive isolates of Arcobacter spp. from an alpaca (Vicugria pacos), black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium suntan), gorilla (Troglodytes gorilla), gazelle (Eudorcas thomsoni), rhea (Rhea americana), and aborted equine fetuses. Seven of these nine phenotypically identified isolates of Arcobacter were confirmed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. The remaining two isolates were subsequently identified as Arcobacter skirrowii (Case 5) and Campylobacter jejuni (Case 6) by sequence analysis of a 527-base pair fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. Together, these cases underscore the challenges to a clinical laboratory of identifying Arcobacter in cases which mimic vibrionic abortion or leptospirosis. C1 [Wesley, Irene V.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Schroeder-Tucker, Linda] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Policy Evaluat & Licensing, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM irene.wesley@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 42 IS 3 BP 508 EP 512 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 827IF UT WOS:000295421500021 PM 22950328 ER PT J AU Mendoza, JA Watson, K Baranowski, T Nicklas, TA Uscanga, DK Hanfling, MJ AF Mendoza, Jason A. Watson, Kathy Baranowski, Tom Nicklas, Theresa A. Uscanga, Doris K. Hanfling, Marcus J. TI The Walking School Bus and Children's Physical Activity: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE walking school bus; safe routes to school; school; active commuting to school; physical activity; children; obesity ID UPDATED GUIDELINES; PROMOTING WALKING; HEALTH-BENEFITS; YOUTH; ACCELEROMETER; STATEMENT; PROGRAM; FITNESS; OBESITY; COUNTY AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a "walking school bus" program on children's rates of active commuting to school and physical activity. METHODS: We conducted a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial among 4th-graders from 8 schools in Houston, Texas (N = 149). Random allocation to treatment or control conditions was at the school level. Study staff walked with children to and from school up to 5 days/week. Outcomes were measured the week before (time 1) and during weeks 4 and 5 of the intervention (time 2). The main outcome was the weekly rate of active commuting, and a secondary outcome was moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Covariates included sociodemographics, distance from home to school, neighborhood safety, child BMI z score, parent self-efficacy/outcome expectations, and child self-efficacy for active commuting. A mixed-model repeated measures regression accounted for clustering by school, and stepwise procedures with backward elimination of nonsignificant covariates were used to identify significant predictors. RESULTS: Intervention children increased active commuting (mean +/- SD) from 23.8% +/- 9.2% (time 1) to 54% +/- 9.2% (time 2), whereas control subjects decreased from 40.2% +/- 8.9% (time 1) to 32.6% +/- 8.9% (time 2) (P < .0001). Intervention children increased their minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from 46.6 +/- 4.5 (time 1) to 48.8 +/- 4.5 (time 2), whereas control children decreased from 46.1 +/- 4.3 (time 1) to 41.3 +/- 4.3 (time 2) (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS: The program improved children's active commuting to school and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Pediatrics 2011; 128: e537-e544 C1 [Mendoza, Jason A.; Watson, Kathy; Baranowski, Tom; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Uscanga, Doris K.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.; Hanfling, Marcus J.] Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Acad Gen Pediat, Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.; Baranowski, Tom; Nicklas, Theresa A.] Baylor Univ, Dan L Duncan Cancer Ctr, Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hanfling, Marcus J.] Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Harris Cty Hosp Dist, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mendoza, JA (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jason.mendoza@bcm.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222; Mendoza, Jason/0000-0003-0833-4358 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [63773]; National Cancer Institute [1R21CA133418, 1K07CA131178]; Harris County Hospital District Foundation; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center; Department of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).; This work was supported, in part, by Active Living Research of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (grant 63773), the National Cancer Institute (grant 1R21CA133418), and the Harris County Hospital District Foundation. Dr Mendoza was supported, in part, by the National Cancer Institute (grant 1K07CA131178). This work was also supported by and is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and was funded with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under cooperative agreement No. 58-6250-6001. NR 47 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 32 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2011 VL 128 IS 3 BP E537 EP E544 DI 10.1542/peds.2010-3486 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 827DB UT WOS:000295406100008 PM 21859920 ER PT J AU Weltz, MA Coates-Markle, L Narayanan, R AF Weltz, Mark A. Coates-Markle, Linda Narayanan, Rang TI Wildfire and Invasive Plants in American Deserts: A Special Feature SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Weltz, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Coates-Markle, Linda] BLM WO, Div Rangeland Resources 220, Wheat Ridge, CO 80215 USA. [Narayanan, Rang] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Weltz, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM mark.weltz@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 64 IS 5 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00114.1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824GG UT WOS:000295189800001 ER PT J AU Brooks, ML Chambers, JC AF Brooks, Matthew L. Chambers, Jeanne C. TI Resistance to Invasion and Resilience to Fire in Desert Shrublands of North America SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; ecological resilience; ecological resistance; Great Basin Desert; Mojave Desert; Sonoran Desert ID MOJAVE DESERT; SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION CHANGE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; SONORAN DESERT; GRASSLAND; INVASIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Settlement by Anglo-Americans in the desert shrublands of North America resulted in the introduction and subsequent invasion of multiple nonnative grass species. These invasions have altered presettlement fire regimes, resulted in conversion of native perennial shrublands to nonnative annual grasslands, and placed many native desert species at risk. Effective management of these ecosystems requires an understanding of their ecological resistance to invasion and resilience to fire. Resistance and resilience differ among the cold and hot desert shrublands of the Great Basin, Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts in North America. These differences are largely determined by spatial and temporal patterns of productivity but also are affected by ecological memory, severity and frequency of disturbance, and feedbacks among invasive species and disturbance regimes. Strategies for preventing or managing invasive plant/fire regimes cycles in desert shrublands include: 1) conducting periodic resource assessments to evaluate the probability of establishment of an altered fire regime; 2) developing an understanding of ecological thresholds associate within invasion resistance and fire resilience that characterize transitions from desirable to undesirable fire regimes; and 3) prioritizing management activities based on resistance of areas to invasion and resilience to fire. C1 [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, 5083 Foresta Rd, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM mlbrooks@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Joint Fire Science Program [00-1-2-04] FX This manuscript was supported by funding from the US Geological Survey, Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring project, the US Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program, and the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Much of the information that contributed to this paper was compiled and synthesized as part of project 00-1-2-04 funded by the Joint Fire Science Program. NR 67 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 57 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 64 IS 5 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00165.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824GG UT WOS:000295189800002 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Williams, CJ Hardegree, SP Weltz, MA Stone, JJ Clark, PE AF Pierson, Frederick B. Williams, C. Jason Hardegree, Stuart P. Weltz, Mark A. Stone, Jeffry J. Clark, Patrick E. TI Fire, Plant Invasions, and Erosion Events on Western Rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; grass-fire cycle; pinyon-juniper; sagebrush steppe; soil loss ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; STORM KING MOUNTAIN; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; DEBRIS FLOWS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Millions of hectares of rangeland in the western United States have been invaded by annual and woody plants that have increased the role of wildland fire. Altered fire regimes pose significant implications for runoff and erosion. In this paper we synthesize what is known about fire impacts on rangeland hydrology and erosion, and how that knowledge advances understanding of hydrologic risks associated with landscape scale plant community transitions and altered fire regimes. The increased role of wildland fire on western rangeland exposes landscapes to amplified runoff and erosion over short- and long-term windows of time and increases the risk of damage to soil and water resources, property, and human lives during extreme events. Amplified runoff and erosion postfire are a function of storm characteristics and fire-induced changes in site conditions (i.e., ground cover, soil water repellency, aggregate stability, and surface roughness) that define site susceptibility. We suggest that overall postfire hydrologic vulnerability be considered in a probabilistic framework that predicts hydrologic response for a range of potential storms and site susceptibilities and that identifies the hydrologic response magnitudes at which damage to values-at-risk are likely to occur. We identify key knowledge gaps that limit advancement of predictive technologies to address the increased role of wildland fire across rangeland landscapes. Our review of literature suggests quantifying interactions of varying rainfall intensity and key measures of site susceptibility, temporal variability in strength/influence of soil water repellency, and spatial scaling of postfire runoff and erosion remain paramount areas for future research to address hydrologic effects associated with the increased role of wildland fire on western rangelands. C1 [Pierson, Frederick B.; Williams, C. Jason; Hardegree, Stuart P.; Clark, Patrick E.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Weltz, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Stone, Jeffry J.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM fred.pierson@ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 FU US Joint Fire Science Program FX This is Contribution Number 39 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program. NR 91 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 43 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 64 IS 5 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00147.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824GG UT WOS:000295189800003 ER PT J AU Morris, LR Monaco, TA Sheley, RL AF Morris, L. R. Monaco, T. A. Sheley, R. L. TI Land-Use Legacies and Vegetation Recovery 90 Years After Cultivation in Great Basin Sagebrush Ecosystems SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alternate stable states; dry farming; ex-arable fields; old fields; secondary succession; site history ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; PLANT SUCCESSION; ORGANIC-MATTER; COMMUNITIES; HISTORY; RESTORATION; DYNAMICS; DESERT AB Agricultural land use is known to alter ecological processes, and native plant communities can require decades to centuries to recover from the disturbance of cultivation. "Recovery" is typically measured by comparison to undisturbed adjacent sites as a control. Recovery following cultivation in sagebrush ecosystems of the Great Basin remains largely unexamined even though nearly a half million hectares of land were dry-farmed and abandoned in the early 1900s. We tested the hypothesis that the native vegetation has not recovered from this exotic disturbance by evaluating differences in canopy cover of shrubs, grasses, and forbs between paired sets of historically dry-farmed land and adjacent never-cultivated areas. Paired sites were located in three ecological sites in northwestern Utah. We found that vegetation recovery from cultivation is variable by growth form, species, and ecological site. Shrub recovery was different among sagebrush (Artemisia) species. Yellow rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus [Hook.] Nutt.) and black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus [Hook.] Tort.), which often increase following disturbance, maintained higher cover inside old fields. At one of the paired sets, shrub composition was altered from a mix of four species to dominance of mainly Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young). Total forb cover was generally lower in cultivated areas and some species, such as spiny phlox (Phlox hoodii Richardson), had not recovered. The most common grass species encountered across all ecological sites, bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides [Raf.] Swezey), had higher cover in cultivated areas. Surprisingly, exotic annual species, such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), did not dominate these sites as they have for decades after cultivation in other areas of the Great Basin. This study demonstrates that the land-use legacy of dry farming on vegetation remains nearly a century after cultivation has ceased, and has direct implications for describing ecological site conditions. C1 [Morris, L. R.; Monaco, T. A.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Sheley, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Range & Forage Meadow Management Unit, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Morris, LR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM LesleyRMorris@gmail.com FU US Dept of Agriculture FX This research was funded by the US Dept of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Area-wide Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management project. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 36 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 64 IS 5 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00147.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824GG UT WOS:000295189800008 ER PT J AU Kronberg, SL Liebig, MA AF Kronberg, Scott L. Liebig, Mark A. TI Condensed Tannin in Drinking Water Reduces Greenhouse Gas Precursor Urea in Sheep and Cattle Urine SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ammonia; greenhouse gas reduction; nitrous oxide; ruminants ID GLOBAL NITROGEN-CYCLE; LOTUS-PEDUNCULATUS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; QUEBRACHO; EMISSIONS; RUMINANTS; DIGESTION; HEALTH AB Ingestion of small amounts of condensed tannin (CT) by ruminants may provide benefits including reduction of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions by reducing urine urea excretion. However, providing grazing ruminants with sufficient amounts of CT-containing forages is difficult, and an alternative may be to provide CT in their drinking water. We conducted three trials to determine if urine urea levels in sheep and cattle decrease after they drink water containing CT. In two initial trials; blood serum urea was measured as a surrogate for urine urea when lambs or steers drank tap water containing low to higher amounts of quebracho tannin (QT). Serum urea concentration was measured after lambs drank the treatments for 7 d or steers for 4-6 d. Lambs consumed pellets (16% crude protein [CP] as fed) at 3.5% of body weight, and steers were fed cubes (15% CP as fed) at 3% of body weight. Mean serum urea concentration in sheep was reduced when they consumed water with QT (P = 0.03) and was also reduced for cattle (P < 0.001). In a third trial with a Latin-square design, four wethers were fed pellets (22% CP, DM basis) and given tap water or tap water with low, medium, or high amounts of QT, and their urine urea excretion was measured. There was a linear effect of QT intake on daily urine urea excretion as a percentage of nitrogen intake (P = 0.03). Reductions in daily urea excretion as a percentage of nitrogen intake were 3.5%, 6.6%, and 12.6%, respectively, for the low, medium, and high QT intake. Small amounts of QT in the drinking water of grazing ruminants can reduce their urine urea excretion. C1 [Kronberg, Scott L.; Liebig, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM scott.kronberg@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 64 IS 5 BP 543 EP 547 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00165.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824GG UT WOS:000295189800014 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Ma, J AF Ibekwe, A. Mark Ma, J. TI Effects of fumigants on microbial diversity and persistence of E. coli O15:H7 in contrasting soil microcosms SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methyl bromide; Methyl iodide; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; Microbial diversity; Persistence ID MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METHYL-BROMIDE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; O157-H7 SURVIVAL; CELLS; IODIDE; WATER; ANTIMICROBIALS; ALTERNATIVES AB Persistence of E. colt O157 in the environment is a serious public health concern. However, little is known about the persistence of this pathogen after exposure to chemical compounds like fumigants in the environment. In this study, the persistence behavior of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 was investigated after fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr; CH(3)Br) and methyl iodide (Mel, iodomethane; CH(3)l) in soil microcosms under laboratory conditions. Our goal was to assess changes in soil microbial community structure and persistence of E. colt O157:H7 in microcosm soils after fumigation. PCR was used to amplify 16S rRNA genes from total bacterial community composition, and the products were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Microbial diversity as determined by DGGE was significantly higher in clay soil than sandy soil. Real-time PCR and plate counts were used to quantify the survival of E. colt O157:H7 in the two soils after fumigation with MeBr and Mel. The survival of the pathogen was higher in the non fumigated controls than the fumigated treatments when determined using plate counts. These results were confirmed by real time PCR analysis targeting the stx1, stx2, and the eae genes. E. coli O157:H7 survived for about 35 days when determined using the plate count method but continued to be detected at about the detection limit of 10(2) by real time PCR for more than 86 days. Our results showed that there was a fast inactivation of the pathogen during the first 35 days. After this period, a small proportion of the pathogen continued to survive in the soil microcosms. Subsequent enrichment of soil samples and immunomagnetic separation revealed the continuous presence of viable cells after 86 days of incubation. The data presented contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 in soil, and showed the need for more investigation of the role of dormant cells in soil that may be a source for recontamination of the environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ibekwe, A. Mark; Ma, J.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Mark.Ibekwe@ars.usda.gov RI Ma, Jincai/D-1290-2013 OI Ma, Jincai/0000-0002-0792-0251 FU USDA-ARS FX We wish to express our appreciation to Pamela Watt for their technical assistance and Ms Phyllis Nash for statistical help. This research was supported in part by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS. Mention of trademark or propriety products in this manuscript does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 19 BP 3740 EP 3748 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.033 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824WW UT WOS:000295233900019 PM 21757224 ER PT J AU Hively, WD Hapeman, CJ McConnell, LL Fisher, TR Rice, CP McCarty, GW Sadeghi, AM Whitall, DR Downey, PM de Guzman, GTN Bialek-Kalinski, K Lang, MW Gustafson, AB Sutton, AJ Sefton, KA Fetcho, JAH AF Hively, W. Dean Hapeman, Cathleen J. McConnell, Laura L. Fisher, Thomas R. Rice, Clifford P. McCarty, Gregory W. Sadeghi, Ali M. Whitall, David R. Downey, Peter M. de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino Bialek-Kalinski, Krystyna Lang, Megan W. Gustafson, Anne B. Sutton, Adrienne J. Sefton, Kerry A. Fetcho, Jennifer A. Harman TI Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Choptank River; Atrazine; Metolachlor; Tree canopy; Nitrate; Hydrogeomorphology ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GROUND-WATER; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; DELMARVA PENINSULA; QUALITY; PESTICIDES; STREAM; EUTROPHICATION; METOLACHLOR AB Excess nutrients and agrochemicals from non-point sources contribute to water quality impairment in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and their loading rates are related to land use, agricultural practices, hydrology, and pollutant fate and transport processes. In this study, monthly baseflow stream samples from 15 agricultural subwatersheds of the Choptank River in Maryland USA (2005 to 2007) were characterized for nutrients, herbicides, and herbicide transformation products. High-resolution digital maps of land use and forested wetlands were derived from remote sensing imagery. Examination of landscape metrics and water quality data, partitioned according to hydrogeomorphic class, provided insight into the fate, delivery, and transport mechanisms associated with agricultural pollutants. Mean Nitrate-N concentrations (4.9 mg/L) were correlated positively with percent agriculture (R-2 = 0.56) and negatively with percent forest (R-2 = 0.60). Concentrations were greater (p = 0.0001) in the well-drained upland (WDU) hydrogeomorphic region than in poorly drained upland (PDU), reflecting increased denitrification and reduced agricultural land use intensity in the PDU landscape due to the prevalence of hydric soils. Atrazine and metolachlor concentrations (mean 029 mu g/L and 0.19 mu g/L) were also greater (p = 0.0001) in WDU subwatersheds than in PDU subwatersheds. Springtime herbicide concentrations exhibited a strong, positive correlation (R-2 = 0.90) with percent forest in the WDU subwatersheds but not in the PDU subwatersheds. In addition, forested riparian stream buffers in the WDU were more prevalent than in the PDU where forested patches are typically not located near streams, suggesting an alternative delivery mechanism whereby volatilized herbicides are captured by the riparian forest canopy and subsequently washed off during rainfall. Orthophosphate, CIAT (6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), CEAT (6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), and MESA (2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) were also analyzed. These findings will assist efforts in targeting implementation of conservation practices to the most environmentally-critical areas within watersheds to achieve water quality improvements in a cost-effective manner. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McConnell, Laura L.; Rice, Clifford P.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Downey, Peter M.; de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino; Bialek-Kalinski, Krystyna; Lang, Megan W.; Sefton, Kerry A.; Fetcho, Jennifer A. Harman] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Fisher, Thomas R.; Gustafson, Anne B.; Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Whitall, David R.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov RI Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX The authors wish to acknowledge the dedicated contributions of Anne Lynn, Choptank River CEAP Coordinator at USDA, Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Maryland State Office; Thomas E. Jordon, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland; Judith M. Denver and Scott W. Ator, US Geological Survey, Dover, Delaware and Baltimore, Maryland, respectively; field and technical staff team members Paul Biddle and Walter Stracke; and numerous student contributors, especially Antti Koskelo, Molly Monahan, Andrew Kim, Antonio Pereira, Sarah Waterworth, and Kusuma Prabhakara. Partial funding for this project was provided by NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP (Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness within the Choptank River Watershed), and a Chesapeake Bay Targeted Watersheds grant administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Innovative BMP Implementation Strategies to Improve Water Quality within the Choptank River Watershed with a Targeted Effort in the Tuckahoe Sub-Basin). NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 19 BP 3866 EP 3878 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.024 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824WW UT WOS:000295233900032 PM 21733565 ER PT J AU de Almeida, MN Guimaraes, VM Bischoff, KM Falkoski, DL Pereira, OL Goncalves, DSPO de Rezende, ST AF de Almeida, Maira Nicolau Guimaraes, Valeria Monteze Bischoff, Kenneth M. Falkoski, Daniel Luciano Pereira, Olinto Liparini Goncalves, Dayelle S. P. O. de Rezende, Sebastiao Tavares TI Cellulases and Hemicellulases from Endophytic Acremonium Species and Its Application on Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulase; Hemicellulase; Acremonium; Endophyte; Ethanol; Agroindustrial residue ID SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASES; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; CORN STOVER; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; CEPHALOSPORIN-C; ENZYMES; PURIFICATION; STRAIN AB The aim of this work was to have cellulase activity and hemicellulase activity screenings of endophyte Acremonium species (Acremonium zeae EA0802 and Acremonium sp. EA0810). Both fungi were cultivated in submerged culture (SC) containing l-arabinose, d-xylose, oat spelt xylan, sugarcane bagasse, or corn straw as carbon source. In solid-state fermentation, it was tested as carbon source sugarcane bagasse or corn straw. The highest FPase, endoglucanase, and xylanase activities were produced by Acremonium sp. EA0810 cultivated in SC containing sugarcane bagasse as a carbon source. The highest beta-glucosidase activity was produced by Acremonium sp. EA0810 cultivated in SC using d-xylose as carbon source. A. zeae EA0802 has highest alpha-arabinofuranosidase and alpha-galactosidase activities in SC using xylan as a carbon source. FPase, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase from Acremonium sp. EA0810 has optimum pH and temperatures of 6.0, 55 A degrees C; 5.0, 70 A degrees C; 4.5, 60 A degrees C; and 6.5, 50 A degrees C, respectively. alpha-Arabinofuranosidase and alpha-galactosidase from A. zeae EA0802 has optimum pH and temperatures of 5.0, 60 A degrees C and 4.5, 45 A degrees C, respectively. It was analyzed the application of Acremonium sp. EA0810 to hydrolyze sugarcane bagasse, and it was achieved 63% of conversion into reducing sugar and 42% of conversion into glucose. C1 [de Almeida, Maira Nicolau; Guimaraes, Valeria Monteze; Falkoski, Daniel Luciano; Goncalves, Dayelle S. P. O.; de Rezende, Sebastiao Tavares] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Bischoff, Kenneth M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Pereira, Olinto Liparini] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitopatol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP de Rezende, ST (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM srezende@ufv.br RI Pereira, Olinto/G-5405-2013; Falkoski, Daniel/G-3865-2015 OI Pereira, Olinto/0000-0002-0274-4623; FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX We thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for it financial support and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for providing scholarships. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 27 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 165 IS 2 BP 594 EP 610 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9278-z PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 823ZB UT WOS:000295166400018 PM 21573756 ER PT J AU Testa, S Shields, FD Cooper, CM AF Testa, Sam, III Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Cooper, Charles M. TI Macroinvertebrate response to stream restoration by large wood addition SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; benthos; channel incision; physical habitat; large wood; substrate ID SAND-BED CHANNELS; FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WARMWATER STREAMS; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; INSTREAM HABITAT; SOUTHEASTERN USA; LOWLAND RIVER AB We examined the aquatic macroinvertebrate community response to habitat rehabilitation activities in an incised, sand-bed stream. Seventy-two large wood (LW) structures were placed along 2 km of Little Topashaw Creek (37 km(2) watershed) in north-central Mississippi, USA. Macroinvertebrate collections were made from bed sediments, LW, leaf packs and qualitative multi-habitat sampling during 2 years prior to and 2 years following LW addition. Addition of LW tripled the availability of wood substrate but had no measurable effect on macroinvertebrate abundance or family richness. Ordination analyses revealed subtle differences in community composition between treated and untreated conditions, but these were related to antecedent discharge (occurrence of high flows during the preceding 6 months) and bed sediment composition rather than the availability of LW. Restoration of incising, sand-bed streams must include measures that address perturbed hydrology and degraded water quality as well as instream treatments. Published in 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Testa, Sam, III; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Cooper, Charles M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM doug.shields@ars.usda.gov FU United States Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District FX Charles Bryant, Richard Lizotte, Ashley McBride Wren, Dustin Rogers, Duane Shaw and Kelly Lamb assisted with macroinvertebrate field collections, laboratory sample processing and data entry. Portions of this research were funded by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District. NR 91 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 631 EP 643 DI 10.1002/eco.146 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 823RO UT WOS:000295142100003 ER PT J AU Momm, H Easson, G Bingner, R Wilcox, D AF Momm, Henrique Easson, Greg Bingner, Ronald Wilcox, Darlene TI Evaluation of the use of remotely sensed evapotranspiration estimates into AnnAGNPS pollution model SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; remote sensing; MODIS; AnnAGNPS; hydrological modelling; watersheds ID ALGORITHM; MODIS AB The utilization of evapotranspiration (ET) estimates, derived from satellite remote sensing, into the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) pollution model was investigated. Modifications within AnnAGNPS were performed to allow the internal calculations of ET based on climate parameters, collected from ground-based measurements, to be replaced by ET estimates produced with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Direct comparison of these sources of ET indicated that AnnAGNPS calculated ET estimates were 35% higher than the MODIS-calculated ET estimates resulting in a 10% increase in runoff at the outlet of the Yalobusha River Watershed for 2004. Simulated monthly runoff values based on MODIS and AnnAGNPS ET estimates for the year 2004 were compared with observed values from stream gages indicating slightly better agreement from the simulation using MODIS-derived ET. Analysis of the spatial distribution of the percent difference in runoff between AnnAGNPS-based ET and MODIS-based ET simulations showed higher differences at the most downstream and upstream of the watershed. These differences could be attributed to different soil properties or to the effect of distant field/weather station assigned to these locations. Although these findings should not be generalized to watersheds located in different ecosystems, the results indicate that the utilization of remotely sensed ET in hydrological modelling is feasible and that use of MODIS to estimate ET provided a more comprehensive spatial coverage than the often available through ground-based measurements. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Momm, Henrique; Easson, Greg] Univ Mississippi, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bingner, Ronald; Wilcox, Darlene] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Momm, H (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM hmomm@olemiss.edu RI Momm, Henrique/C-7139-2013 FU NASA; University of Southern Mississippi [NNS06AA98B, NNS07AA57T] FX The authors would like to acknowledge NASA and the University of Southern Mississippi for providing the financial support through the prime award No: NNS06AA98B, Order No: NNS07AA57T. We also would like to thank the scientists at the University of Montana for providing the proxy-MOD16 datasets. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 650 EP 660 DI 10.1002/eco.155 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 823RO UT WOS:000295142100005 ER PT J AU Cavanaugh, ML Kurc, SA Scott, RL AF Cavanaugh, Michelle L. Kurc, Shirley A. Scott, Russell L. TI Evapotranspiration partitioning in semiarid shrubland ecosystems: a two-site evaluation of soil moisture control on transpiration SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sap flow; eddy covariance; creosotebush; Larrea tridentata; whitethorn acacia; Acacia constricta; Santa Rita Experimental Range; Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed; dryland; desert ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SAP FLOW; PRECIPITATION PULSES; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; RAINFALL EVENTS; WATER DYNAMICS; BALANCE AB Vegetation of dryland ecosystems is sensitive to precipitation pulses. Future climate scenarios suggest that the frequency and magnitude of precipitation events will change. How much and to what extent will these changes impact the hydrological cycle in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) shrublands that dominate the three North American hot deserts? In this study, we examine the partitioning of precipitation inputs into bare soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) within creosotebush ecosystems at sites characterized by bimodal precipitation regimes: the Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRER) and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). At both sites, during summer 2008, we measured evapotranspiration (ET) using eddy covariance, whole plant T using the heat-balance sap flow, and soil moisture at several depths. During the dry period preceding the summer monsoon, both ET and soil moisture were very low. With the onset of summer rains, E dominated ET; shrub transpiration did not respond to increases in soil moisture for approximately 3 more weeks. A series of large precipitation events increased moisture at deeper soil layers, and triggered T. Overall, ET was largely correlated to moisture levels in shallow soil layers typical of dryland ecosystems dominated by dry conditions, high evaporative demand, and poor soil infiltration. Under the current precipitation regime, characterized by many small storms and few large storms, soil moisture is low with most precipitation inputs lost as E. However, if climatic changes lead to less frequent but larger precipitation events, dryland communities could experience shifts in the partitioning of ET affecting the hydrologic budget of the ecosystem. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cavanaugh, Michelle L.; Kurc, Shirley A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Kurc, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kurc@ag.arizona.edu RI Papuga, Shirley/J-7026-2013 OI Papuga, Shirley/0000-0002-7226-0640 FU University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS); Arizona University System Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF); University of Arizona Office of the Vice President for Research (VPR); University of Arizona Graduate College FX This research was supported in part by The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS), The Arizona University System Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF), The University of Arizona Office of the Vice President for Research (VPR), and The University of Arizona Graduate College Peace Corps Fellows program. We thank Ross Bryant (USDA-ARS) for his extensive field assistance and Kiyomi Morino (University of Arizona) for her technical assistance with sap flow measurement. Additionally, we thank Lisa Benton, Jonathan Martin, Andrew Neal, and Juan Villegas for their assistance in the sap flow installation. We also acknowledge Steve Archer, George Zaimes, and Erik Hamerlynck for their helpful suggestions on this manuscript. Finally, this article has benefited from the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 60 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 83 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 671 EP 681 DI 10.1002/eco.157 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 823RO UT WOS:000295142100007 ER PT J AU Kagan, IA Kirch, BH Thatcher, CD Teutsch, CD Elvinger, F Shepherd, DM Pleasant, S AF Kagan, Isabelle Ann Kirch, Brett H. Thatcher, Craig D. Teutsch, Chris D. Elvinger, Francois Shepherd, Dare M. Pleasant, Scott TI Seasonal and Diurnal Changes in Starch Content and Sugar Profiles of Bermudagrass in the Piedmont Region of the United States SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cynodon dactylon; Sugars; Starch; HPLC-PAD; Laminitis ID SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE ACCUMULATION; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; DIGESTIBILITY; DACTYLIS; GRASSES; FESTUCA AB Seasonal and diurnal patterns of sugar accumulation in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) pastures were monitored to evaluate risk factors for pasture-associated laminitis of ponies and horses. Bermudagrass was collected from four plots in the morning and afternoon on a weekly basis, from mid-July until late August. Tissue was air-dried to simulate hay, or frozen to retain the sugar profiles of fresh pasture. Samples were analyzed colorimetrically for total water-soluble and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates, and electrochemically for starch. In addition, sugars were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection. The dominant sugars in extracts were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Some minor peaks, corresponding to tri- and tetrasaccharides, were also detected in some extracts. Starch increased over time in fresh and dried tissue, and concentrations varied diurnally in fresh, but not in dried tissue (P = .021). Sucrose in dried tissue decreased and then increased, with higher concentrations than in fresh tissue on all sampling dates (P = .024). Glucose and fructose exhibited diurnal variation on one and two dates, respectively (P = .034 and .0028, respectively). These results reveal trends in carbohydrate concentrations and profiles that may help to evaluate the likelihood of equine laminitis outbreaks on bermudagrass. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kagan, Isabelle Ann; Kirch, Brett H.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Thatcher, Craig D.; Elvinger, Francois; Pleasant, Scott] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Teutsch, Chris D.; Shepherd, Dare M.] Virginia Tech, Coll Agr & Life Sci, So Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA USA. RP Kagan, IA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, N220 Agr Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM isabelle.kagan@ars.usda.gov FU Virginia Horse Industry Board; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank Kelly Brown and Brenda Coe for dry matter analysis, Tamara Kays for assistance with extraction and cleanup of HPLC samples, Mac Wilson for providing weather data, and Phil Harrison for standards of orchardgrass fructan, 6-kestose, neokestose, 1-nystose, bifurcose, and 6-nystose. This study was funded by the Virginia Horse Industry Board and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0737-0806 J9 J EQUINE VET SCI JI J. Equine Vet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 31 IS 9 BP 521 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.08.010 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 823JC UT WOS:000295117300006 ER PT J AU Perez-Diaz, IM AF Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. TI Preservation of Acidified Cucumbers with a Combination of Fumaric Acid and Cinnamaldehyde That Target Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cinnamaldehyde; fumaric acid; lactic acid bacteria; vegetable preservation; Zygosaccharomyces ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ESSENTIAL OILS; FERMENTATION; INHIBITION; GROWTH AB The naturally occurring compound, fumaric acid, was evaluated as a potential preservative for the long-term storage of cucumbers. Fumaric acid inhibited growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in an acidified cucumber juice medium model system resembling conditions that could allow preservation of cucumbers in the presence of sodium benzoate. Forty millimolars of fumaric acid were required to inhibit growth of an extremely aciduric Lactobacillus plantarum LA0445 strain at pH 3.8. Half of this concentration was required to achieve inhibition of L. plantarum LA0445 at pH 3.5. As expected growth of the spoilage yeasts Zygosaccharomyces globiformis and Z. bailii was not inhibited by fumaric acid at near saturation concentrations in the same cucumber juice medium. To usefully apply fumaric acid as a preservative in acidified foods it will be necessary to combine it with a food grade yeast inhibitor. The antimicrobial agent, cinnamaldehyde (3.8 mM) prevented growth of Z. globiformis as well as the yeasts that were present on fresh cucumbers. Acidified cucumbers were successfully preserved, as indicated by lack of yeasts or LAB growth and microbial lactic acid or ethanol production by a combination of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde during storage at 30 degrees C for 2 mo. This combination of 2 naturally occurring preservative compounds may serve as an alternative approach to the use of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, or sodium metabisulfite for preservation of acidified vegetables without a thermal process. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, 322 Schaub Hall,Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 76 IS 7 BP M473 EP M477 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02299.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 822UV UT WOS:000295076000032 PM 21824132 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Ingber, BF Lea, JM AF Beaulieu, John C. Ingber, Bruce F. Lea, Jeanne M. TI Physiological, Volatile, and SEM Surface Effects Resulting from Cutting and Dipping Treatments in Cantaloupe SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aroma; cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. Naudin); ester; flavor; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); soluble solids; water ID FRESH-CUT CANTALOUPE; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; SHELF-LIFE; CUCUMIS-MELO; HOT-WATER; TISSUE DISRUPTION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; MUSKMELON FRUIT; QUALITY CHANGES AB Previous research examined sanitation treatments on cut cantaloupe tissue to deliver germicidal and food safety effects. However, an apparent compromise between volatile loss and treatment/sampling efficacy appeared. Subsequently, a physiological and volatile reassessment of thinly sliced tissue against cubes was performed in cantaloupe tissue. Thin sliced cantaloupe L* decreased 27.5%, 40.5%, and 52.9% in 3, 2, and 1 mm thickness, respectively, compared with cut cubes after 3 d. Overall color (C) decreased in freshly prepared cubes (2.4%) and slices (14.4%) that were washed in cold water. Surface area per unit volume (SA : vol) in slices was 4.1 times greater than typical cubes, as reflected by substantial water loss (20.4%, 9.5%, and 6.7% in 1, 2 and 3-mm slices, respectively) after 1 d at 5 degrees C. Rinsing cubes and thin-slices with 5 degrees C deionized water resulted in roughly 15% soluble solids loss. SEM indicated 65.4% reduced cell size in 1-d old thin slices, evidenced by excessive cell damage and desiccation compared with stored fresh-cut cubes. In thin-sliced tissue exposed 15 min to an open atmosphere (mimic sanitation treatments), total esters decreased 92.8% and 95.8%, respectively, after 1 and 3 d storage at 5 degrees C. Washing tissue provided a boundary layer that reduced short-term ester losses in slices and cubes. Excessive cutting, sanitation treatment regimes, and storage can radically alter the desirable volatile profile of cut cantaloupe. Reduction of tissue size to maximize food-safety sanitation efficacy or delivering items to a niche market will need substantial work to engineer equipment and develop protocols to insure that product quality and volatiles are not compromised. C1 [Beaulieu, John C.; Ingber, Bruce F.; Lea, Jeanne M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM John.Beaulieu@ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 76 IS 7 BP S415 EP S422 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02308.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 822UV UT WOS:000295076000043 PM 22417559 ER PT J AU Finley, J AF Finley, J. TI ENTERING THE FOOD SUPPLY WITH A NEW HEALTH-PROMOTING PRODUCT: REGULATORY AND NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Finley, J.] ARS, USDA, Bernalillo, NM 87004 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 47 SU 2 SI SI BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 822ZO UT WOS:000295090200018 ER PT J AU Misra, D Booth, SL Crosier, MD Ordovas, JM Felson, DT Neogi, T AF Misra, Devyani Booth, Sarah L. Crosier, Micheal D. Ordovas, Jose M. Felson, David T. Neogi, Tuhina TI Matrix Gla Protein Polymorphism, But Not Concentrations, Is Associated with Radiographic Hand Osteoarthritis SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; POLYMORPHISM; OSTEOARTHRITIS; VITAMIN K ID CORONARY-ARTERY CALCIFICATION; OSSIFICATION; DENSITY; DISEASE; WOMEN; KNEE; MEN AB Objective. Factors associated with mineralization and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis (OA) are incompletely understood. Genetic polymorphisms of matrix Gla protein (MGP), a mineralization inhibitor, have been associated clinically with conditions of abnormal calcification. We therefore evaluated the relationship of MGP concentrations and polymorphisms at the MGP locus to hand OA. Methods. Ours was an ancillary study to a 3-year randomized trial assessing the effect of vitamin K supplementation on vascular calcification and bone loss among community-dwelling elders. We studied participants who had serum MGP concentration measured and DNA genotyped for 3 MOP genetic polymorphisms (rs1800802, rs1800801, and rs4236), and who had hand radiographs. We evaluated the cross-sectional associations of serum MGP and the 3 MGP genetic polymorphisms, respectively, with radiographic hand OA using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for potential confounders. Results. Radiographic hand OA in >= 1 joint was present in 71% of the 376 participants (mean age 74 years, mean body mass index 28 kg/m(2), 59% women). No significant association between serum MOP concentrations and radiographic hand OA was found [adjusted OR 1.0 (ref), 1.40, 1.21, and 1.21 for quartiles 1-4, respectively]. Homozygosity of the rs1800802 minor allele was associated with 0.56 times lower prevalence of hand OA compared with having >= 1 major allele at this locus (95% CI 0.32-0.99, p = 0.046). Conclusion. There may be an association between hand OA and genetic polymorphism at the MGP locus that is not reflected by total MOP serum concentrations. Further studies are warranted to replicate and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying these observed associations. (First Release July 1 2011; J Rheumatol 2011;38:1960-5; doi:10.3899/jrheum.100985) C1 [Misra, Devyani] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Booth, Sarah L.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Crosier, Micheal D.] Framingham State Coll, Framingham, MA USA. RP Misra, D (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Clin Epidemiol Unit, 650 Albany St,Suite X-200, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM devyani.misra@bmc.org OI Felson, David/0000-0002-2668-2447; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Neogi, Tuhina/0000-0002-9515-1711 FU Arthritis Foundation; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [AG14759, HL696272, AR47785] FX Support from an Arthritis Foundation Innovative Research Grant, and based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, and the National Institutes of Health (AG14759, HL696272, and AR47785). NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 365 BLOOR ST E, STE 901, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3L4, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1960 EP 1965 DI 10.3899/jrheum.100985 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 824FS UT WOS:000295188400023 PM 21724703 ER PT J AU White, AM Cameron, EZ AF White, A. M. Cameron, E. Z. TI Fitness consequences of maternal rearing strategies in warthogs: influence of group size and composition SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alloparenting; common warthog; cooperative breeding; group augmentation; helper effect; offspring survival; Phacochoerus africanus; reproductive strategies; sociality ID REPRODUCTIVE SUPPRESSION; PHACOCHOERUS-AFRICANUS; OCTODON-DEGUS; COMMUNAL CARE; SKEW; EVOLUTION; SOCIALITY; CARNIVORES; SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB Cooperatively breeding species are defined by the presence of individuals who help in rearing the offspring of others. This seemingly altruistic behaviour has been difficult to define and the help provided has not always resulted in a reproductive advantage to the recipient. We examine maternal rearing strategies in the common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus, a facultative, cooperative breeder that displays variation in the number of reproductive and non-reproductively aged individuals in a group. We compare rearing strategies in adult females to assess whether group size or group composition increases the production and survival of group offspring. We found that although the number of offspring observed in groups with multiple adult females was larger than the number of offspring observed in groups with only one adult female, the average number of offspring observed per female was similar. Additionally, maternal rearing strategy had no effect on the survival of dependant offspring and variation in offspring survival could not be explained by either the number of reproductive or non-reproductive individuals per offspring. Taken together, these results suggest that the differences in maternal rearing strategies may not benefit dependent offspring, but we suggest that grouping between reproductive females may increase the survival of yearlings through group augmentation. C1 [White, A. M.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cameron, E. Z.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP White, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM havemann.white@gmail.com RI Cameron, Elissa/E-4280-2010; White, Angela/N-7088-2013; Cameron, Elissa/B-8053-2014 OI White, Angela/0000-0001-7499-7390; Cameron, Elissa/0000-0002-9243-0547 FU iMfolozi Game Reserve FX We would like to acknowledge the help and support of the managers and research staff at iMfolozi Game Reserve for making this study possible. In particular, we would like to thank Paul Havemann, Craig Reid, Sani Ras, Emile Smidt, Lawrence Munro and Sue van Rensburg for their logistical and emotional support. We are indebted to Bohn Ndwandwe and Chris Kelly for their assistance with data collection. This study was conducted under the permission of KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife and complies with the laws of South Africa. Several reviewers of earlier versions of this manuscript provided constructive criticisms that improved the presentation and interpretation of the results. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 285 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00816.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 823AZ UT WOS:000295095000001 ER PT J AU Reagon, M Thurber, CS Olsen, KM Jia, YL Caicedo, AL AF Reagon, Michael Thurber, Carrie S. Olsen, Kenneth M. Jia, Yulin Caicedo, Ana L. TI The long and the short of it: SD1 polymorphism and the evolution of growth trait divergence in U.S. weedy rice SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flowering time; introgression; Oryza sativa; plant height; red rice; SD1 polymorphism ID GREEN-REVOLUTION GENE; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RED RICE; GIBBERELLIN-SYNTHESIS; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; CULTIVATED RICE; INTROGRESSION; USA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB Growth-related traits, such as greater height, greater biomass, faster growth rate and early flowering, are thought to enhance competitiveness of agricultural weeds. However, weedy rice, a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), displays variation for growth traits. In the United States, separately evolved weedy rice groups have been shown to share genomic identity with exotic domesticated cultivars. Through a common garden experiment, we investigated whether growth trait divergence has occurred among U. S. weeds and their putative cultivated progenitors. We also determined polymorphism patterns in the growth candidate gene, SD1, to assess its possible role in the evolution of divergent phenotypes. We found considerable growth trait variation among weed groups, suggesting that growth trait convergence is not evident among weedy populations. Phenotypic divergence of weedy rice from cultivated ancestors is most apparent for flowering time. Introgression of a chromosomal block containing the SD1 allele from tropical japonica, the predominant U.S. rice cultivar, was detected in one weedy rice population and is associated with a change in growth patterns in this group. This study demonstrates the role of introgressive hybridization in evolutionary divergence of an important weed. C1 [Reagon, Michael; Thurber, Carrie S.; Caicedo, Ana L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Olsen, Kenneth M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Jia, Yulin] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Caicedo, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM caicedo@bio.umass.edu FU US NSF [DBI-0638820] FX We are grateful to D. Gealy for providing weedy rice accessions used in this study. This project was funded by a grant from the US NSF Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-0638820) to ALC, KMO and YJ. YJ is an employee of the USDA, which is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 20 IS 18 BP 3743 EP 3756 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05216.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 822NR UT WOS:000295055700006 PM 21854475 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Voruganti, VS Cole, SA Haack, K Comuzzie, AG Muzny, DM Wheeler, DA Chang, K Hawes, A Gibbs, RA AF Butte, Nancy F. Voruganti, V. Saroja Cole, Shelley A. Haack, Karin Comuzzie, Anthony G. Muzny, Donna M. Wheeler, David A. Chang, Kyle Hawes, Alicia Gibbs, Richard A. TI Resequencing of IRS2 reveals rare variants for obesity but not fasting glucose homeostasis in Hispanic children SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE DNA resequencing; diabetes; body mass index; single nucleotide polymorphisms; indels; insulin receptor substrate 2 ID RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-2 GENE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; BODY-MASS INDEX; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MODEL SELECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; SEARCH AB Butte NF, Voruganti VS, Cole SA, Haack K, Comuzzie AG, Muzny DM, Wheeler DA, Chang K, Hawes A, Gibbs RA. Resequencing of IRS2 reveals rare variants for obesity but not fasting glucose homeostasis in Hispanic children. Physiol Genomics 43: 1029-1037, 2011. First published July 19, 2011; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00019.2011.-Our objective was to resequence insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) to identify variants associated with obesity- and diabetes-related traits in Hispanic children. Exonic and intronic segments, 5' and 3' flanking regions of IRS2 (similar to 14.5 kb), were bidirectionally sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in 934 Hispanic children using 3730XL DNA Sequencers. Additionally, 15 SNPs derived from Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad BeadChips were analyzed. Measured genotype analysis tested associations between SNPs and obesity and diabetes-related traits. Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide analysis was used to statistically infer the most likely functional polymorphisms. A total of 140 SNPs were identified with minor allele frequencies (MAF) ranging from 0.001 to 0.47. Forty-two of the 70 coding SNPs result in nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions relative to the consensus sequence; 28 SNPs were detected in the promoter, 12 in introns, 28 in the 3'-UTR, and 2 in the 5'-UTR. Two insertion/deletions (indels) were detected. Ten independent rare SNPs (MAF = 0.001-0.009) were associated with obesity-related traits (P = 0.01-0.00002). SNP 10510452_139 in the promoter region was shown to have a high posterior probability (P = 0.77-0.86) of influencing BMI, fat mass, and waist circumference in Hispanic children. SNP 10510452_139 contributed between 2 and 4% of the population variance in body weight and composition. None of the SNPs or indels were associated with diabetes-related traits or accounted for a previously identified quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13 for fasting serum glucose. Rare but not common IRS2 variants may play a role in the regulation of body weight but not an essential role in fasting glucose homeostasis in Hispanic children. C1 [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Voruganti, V. Saroja; Cole, Shelley A.; Haack, Karin; Comuzzie, Anthony G.] Texas Biomed Res Inst, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX USA. [Muzny, Donna M.; Wheeler, David A.; Chang, Kyle; Hawes, Alicia; Gibbs, Richard A.] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DK-080457]; USDA/ARS [6250-51000-053]; National Center for Research Resources, NIH [C06 RR-013556, C06 RR-017515] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant DK-080457 and the USDA/ARS (Cooperative Agreement 6250-51000-053). Work performed at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute in San Antonio, TX, was conducted in facilities constructed with support from the Research Facilities Improvement Program of the National Center for Research Resources, NIH (C06 RR-013556, C06 RR-017515). NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 EI 1531-2267 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD SEP PY 2011 VL 43 IS 18 BP 1029 EP 1037 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00019.2011 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 823JV UT WOS:000295119400001 PM 21771880 ER PT J AU Safranski, TJ Ford, JJ Rohrer, GA Guthrie, HD AF Safranski, T. J. Ford, J. J. Rohrer, G. A. Guthrie, H. D. TI Plenary Contribution to International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation 2011. Genetic Selection for Freezability and its Controversy with Selection for Performance SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN; SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION; ANIMAL VARIABILITY; SEMINAL PLASMA; CONTROL LINE; FRESH SEMEN; FERTILITY; SPERMATOZOA; CHICKEN; QUALITY AB Little data are available in the literature regarding freezability of boar sperm or its relationship with other traits. Existing data suggest the trait would respond favourably to selection, and information is available from other species suggesting components that might have changed. Genetic parameters are estimated for boar sperm freezability including heritability and correlations with other production traits. Sperm freezability is an ideal candidate for marker assisted-selection or selection for favourable alleles. C1 [Safranski, T. J.] Univ Missouri, ASRC, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ford, J. J.; Rohrer, G. A.] ARS, USDA, USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Guthrie, H. D.] ARS, USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Safranski, TJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, ASRC, S-133, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SafranskiT@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 SU 2 SI SI BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01853.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 822KU UT WOS:000295045700010 PM 21884273 ER PT J AU Hector, RE Mertens, JA Bowman, MJ Nichols, NN Cotta, MA Hughes, SR AF Hector, Ronald E. Mertens, Jeffrey A. Bowman, Michael J. Nichols, Nancy N. Cotta, Michael A. Hughes, Stephen R. TI Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for xylose metabolism requires gluconeogenesis and the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway for aerobic xylose assimilation SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE xylose; fermentation; Saccharomyces; gluconeogenesis; NADPH; imbalance ID YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS; KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS; NADPH PRODUCTION; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY; ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; GENE; EXPRESSION; TRANSHYDROGENASE AB Saccharomyces strains engineered to ferment xylose using Scheffersomyces stipitis xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) genes appear to be limited by metabolic imbalances, due to differing cofactor specificities of XR and XDH. The S. stipitis XR, which uses both NADH and NADPH, is hypothesized to reduce the cofactor imbalance, allowing xylose fermentation in this yeast. However, unadapted S. cerevisiae strains expressing this XR grow poorly on xylose, suggesting that metabolism is still imbalanced, even under aerobic conditions. In this study, we investigated the possible reasons for this imbalance by deleting genes required for NADPH production and gluconeogenesis in S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae cells expressing the XR XDH, but not a xylose isomerase, pathway required the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and gluconeogenic production of glucose-6-P for xylose assimilation. The requirement for generating glucose-6-P from xylose was also shown for Kluyveromyces lactis. When grown in xylose medium, both K. lactis and S. stipitis showed increases in enzyme activity required for producing glucose-6-P. Thus, natural xylose-assimilating yeast respond to xylose, in part, by upregulating enzymes required for recycling xylose back to glucose-6-P for the production of NADPH via the oxidative branch of the PPP. Finally, we show that induction of these enzymes correlated with increased tolerance to the NADPH-depleting compound diamide and the fermentation inhibitors furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural; S. cerevisiae was not able to increase enzyme activity for glucose-6-P production when grown in xylose medium and was more sensitive to these inhibitors in xylose medium compared to glucose. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hector, Ronald E.] ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hughes, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hector, RE (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ronald.hector@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD SEP PY 2011 VL 28 IS 9 BP 645 EP 660 DI 10.1002/yea.1893 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 823SO UT WOS:000295146300002 PM 21809385 ER PT J AU Quiniou, SMA Wilson, M Boudinot, P AF Quiniou, Sylvie M. A. Wilson, Melanie Boudinot, Pierre TI Processing of fish Ig heavy chain transcripts: Diverse splicing patterns and unusual nonsense mediated decay SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Fish; Immunoglobulin; Splicing; NMD; IgM; IgD; IgT ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; CONSTANT-REGION DOMAIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-D; TELEOST FISH; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH; B-CELLS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB While the diversification of the antigen-binding sites is realized by genomic VDJ rearrangements during B cell differentiation, different forms of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) chains can be produced through multiple splicing pathways. In most vertebrates, the secreted (S) and membrane (Mb) forms of IgM chain are created by alternative splicing through usage of a cryptic splice site in C mu 4 allowing the junction to the TM exon. The processing pattern for Ig mu is different in teleosts, which generally use the C mu 3 donor site instead. In ancient fish lineages, multiple unusual splicing patterns were found for Ig H chain, involving donor sites that do not always follow the classical consensus. The production of IgD versus IgM H chains seems to be generally realized by alternative splicing in all vertebrates, but typical teleost IgD H chains are chimeric and contains a C mu 1 domain. Together, these observations raise questions on how different fish regulate RNA splicing and if their splicing machinery is especially complex. A preliminary scan of the zebrafish and stickleback genomes provides evidence that gene orthologs to the mammalian main splice factors are highly conserved as single copy genes, while the snRNPs U repertoire may be different and may explain other particular features of RNA processing in fish. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boudinot, Pierre] INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. [Quiniou, Sylvie M. A.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wilson, Melanie] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Boudinot, P (reprint author), INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. EM pierre.boudinot@jouy.inra.fr RI boudinot, pierre/L-4246-2016 FU Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique FX We thank Louis du Pasquier for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 9 SI SI BP 949 EP 958 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2010.12.007 PG 10 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 822PB UT WOS:000295061000009 PM 21168434 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM Forsline, P Postman, J Stover, E Ellis, D AF Jenderek, Maria M. Forsline, Phil Postman, Joseph Stover, Ed Ellis, David TI Effect of Geographical Location, Year, and Cultivar on Survival of Malus sp Dormant Buds Stored in Vapors of Liquid Nitrogen SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apple; cryopreservation; desiccation; genetic resources; genebanking; germplasm; dormant bud viability ID SUPER-LOW-TEMPERATURES; VEGETATIVE APPLE BUDS; FREEZING RESISTANCE; COLD-ACCLIMATION; CRYOPRESERVATION; TREES; REGENERATION; DEHYDRATION; ACCESSIONS; GERMPLASM AB Clonal woody crop germplasm collections often originate and are grown in distinct geographical locations. Because the degree of cold-hardiness is known to be a factor in the successful use of dormant bud cryopreservation for Malta, it was suggested that material from relatively warmer climates would not respond to cryopreservation as well as material from colder environments. To test this hypothesis, the effect of growing provenance on cryosurvival of dormant buds from three Malus (apple) cultivars grown in three locations (Geneva, NY; Davis, CA; and Corvallis, OR) was tested in 3 consecutive years. Dormant winter buds were harvested at the three locations, cryopreserved, and bud viability was tested by grafting. The collective 3-year mean viability for cryopreserved dormant apple buds for the three locations ranged from 63% to 81% of the buds surviving with the highest survival from the Corvallis site; however, the Geneva twigs were exposed to the lowest preharvest temperature. These results suggest that the temperature at the growing location may not hinder application of the dormant bud cryopreservation method with Malus to the extent previously speculated. C1 [Jenderek, Maria M.; Ellis, David] ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Forsline, Phil] ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, USDA, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Postman, Joseph] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Stover, Ed] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jenderek, MM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, 111 Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM maria.jenderek@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1230 EP 1234 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 822DD UT WOS:000295023200002 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Gong, GY Guo, SG Ren, Y Xu, Y Ling, KS AF Zhang, Haiying Gong, Guoyi Guo, Shaogui Ren, Yi Xu, Yong Ling, Kai-Shu TI Screening the USDA Watermelon Germplasm Collection for Drought Tolerance at the Seedling Stage SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; breeding; plant introduction ID WILD WATERMELON; CITRULLINE; RESISTANCE; VIRUS AB Because of the growing threat of global warming, drought stress could severely affect the normal growth and development of crop plants. To alleviate such an adverse effect, there is a need to screen watermelon germplasm collections to identify genetic sources for potential drought tolerance. In the present study, 820 accessions of USDA's Citrullus PIs and 246 watermelon breeding lines were evaluated for their drought tolerance at the seedling stage under extreme water stress conditions in a greenhouse. Significant variations in drought tolerance were observed in the Citrullus germplasm collections. Using fast clustering analysis, the tested watermelon materials could be assigned into four groups, including tolerant, intermediate tolerant, moderately sensitive, and sensitive, respectively. The most drought-tolerant Citrullus germplasm, including 13 Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus and 12 C. lanatus var. citroides accessions, were originated from Africa. These genetic materials could be used for rootstock breeding or for developing drought-tolerant watermelon cultivars. C1 [Zhang, Haiying; Gong, Guoyi; Guo, Shaogui; Ren, Yi; Xu, Yong] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Ling, Kai-Shu] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Rd, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. EM xuyong@nercv.org FU Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China [Z09090501040902, D08070500690803, 5100001]; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2009BADB8B02, 2010DFA54310, 30972015, 2010AA10A107]; Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China [CARS-26, 2007-Z9] FX This research was supported by the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China (Z09090501040902, D08070500690803, and 5100001); The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2009BADB8B02, 2010DFA54310, 30972015, and 2010AA10A107); and The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (CARS-26, 2007-Z9). NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1245 EP 1248 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 822DD UT WOS:000295023200005 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Aghai, MM Pinto, JR Apostol, KC AF Davis, Anthony S. Aghai, Matthew M. Pinto, Jeremiah R. Apostol, Kent C. TI Growth, Gas Exchange, Foliar Nitrogen Content, and Water Use of Subirrigated and Overhead-irrigated Populus tremuloides Michx. Seedlings SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE irrigation management; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; electrical conductivity; seedling quality; trembling aspen; water conservation ID NEW-GUINEA IMPATIENS; RECIRCULATING SUBIRRIGATION; CONTAINER PRODUCTION; NURSERY STOCK; EFFICIENCY; FERTILIZATION; STRESS; PLANTS AB Because limitations on water used by container nurseries has become commonplace, nursery growers will have to improve irrigation management. Subirrigation systems may provide an alternative to overhead irrigation systems by mitigating groundwater pollution and excessive water consumption. Seedling growth, gas exchange, leaf nitrogen (N) content, and water use were compared between overhead irrigation and subirrigation systems used to produce trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings. After 3 months of nursery culture, subirrigation resulted in a 45% reduction in water use compared with overhead irrigation. At the end of the growing season, subirrigated seedlings had lower net photosynthetic assimilation, stomata! conductance (g(S)), and leaf area, indicating earlier leaf senescence. However, no significant differences were detected for biomass, leaf N content, height, root-collar diameter, or root volume. Thus, we suggest that subirrigation systems offer promising potential for aspen seedling production when compared with overhead irrigation given the added benefits of water conservation and reduced nutrient runoff. Continuing emphasis on refinement such as determining the plant water requirements based on growth and development as well as container configuration is needed so that the intended benefits of using subirrigation can be realized. C1 [Davis, Anthony S.; Aghai, Matthew M.; Apostol, Kent C.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Forest Nursery & Seedling Res, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pinto, Jeremiah R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Forest Nursery & Seedling Res, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM asdavis@uidaho.edu FU University of Idaho Center for Forest Nursery and Seedling Research FX This research was funded through the University of Idaho Center for Forest Nursery and Seedling Research. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1249 EP 1253 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 822DD UT WOS:000295023200006 ER PT J AU Richardson, ML Westbrook, CJ Hall, DG Stover, E Duan, YP Lee, RF AF Richardson, Matthew L. Westbrook, Catherine J. Hall, David G. Stover, Ed Duan, Yong Ping Lee, Richard F. TI Abundance of Citrus Leafminer Larvae on Citrus and Citrus-related Germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phyllocnistis citrella; resistance; Aurantioideae; Toddalioideae; Rutaceae; Xanthomonas citri subsp citri ID PHYLLOCNISTIS-CITRELLA LEPIDOPTERA; TAHITI LIME; GRACILLARIIDAE; RESISTANCE; FLORIDA; RUTACEAE; WEEVIL; CANKER AB The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a key pest in most citrus-growing regions worldwide. Adult citrus leafminers oviposit primarily on young elongating flush of Citrus as well as other Rutaceae and some ornamental plants. Larvae feed on the epidermal cell layer of developing leaves and injury to leaves provides a pathway for infection by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Hasse), the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. In this study, we quantified abundance of citrus leafminer larvae on progeny of 87 seed parent genotypes of Citrus and Citrus relatives (family Rutaceae) in the field in East central Florida to identify those that have low abundance of leafminers. Progeny from the 87 parent genotypes varied in abundance of the leafminer. Progeny of 15 parent genotypes had a high mean abundance of more than six leafminers per flush shoot. All but one of these genotypes were in the Citrus genus. Progeny of 16 parent genotypes had zero, or nearly zero, leafminers, but none were from the Citrus genus. However, many of these 16 genotypes were from genera closely related to true citrus (subtribe Citrinae) and are sexually compatible with Citrus. Progeny of two parent genotypes in the subfamily Toddalioideae and Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Corr. also had a low abundance of leafminer. Glycosmis pentaphylla also is a poor host for the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, and has biochemical resistance to the citrus weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), so this genotype as well as others identified as poor hosts for the leafminer may prove useful in breeding programs aimed at reducing the abundance of multiple insect pests on citrus. C1 [Richardson, Matthew L.; Westbrook, Catherine J.; Hall, David G.; Stover, Ed; Duan, Yong Ping] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Lee, Richard F.] ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, USDA, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM David.Hall@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX Financial support was provided by the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation. This article reports the results of research only. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1260 EP 1264 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 822DD UT WOS:000295023200008 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Delannay, IY AF Staub, Jack E. Delannay, Isabelle Y. TI USDA, ARS European Long Greenhouse Cucumber Inbred Backcross Line Population SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cucumis sativus; genetic distance; vegetable breeding ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; SATIVUS-L.; GENETIC-VARIATION; PARTHENOCARPY; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; QTL C1 [Staub, Jack E.; Delannay, Isabelle Y.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jack.staub@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1317 EP 1320 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 822DD UT WOS:000295023200019 ER PT J AU Mou, B AF Mou, Beiquan TI Green Leaf Lettuce Breeding Lines with Resistance to Corky Root, 06-831 and 06-833 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rhizomonas suberifaciens; Sphingomonas suberifaciens; disease resistance; Lactuca sativa; germplasm ID ICEBERG LETTUCE C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM beiquan.mou@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1324 EP 1325 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 822DD UT WOS:000295023200021 ER PT J AU Mihalcik, DJ Mullen, CA Boateng, AA AF Mihalcik, David J. Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Screening acidic zeolites for catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass and its components SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Catalytic fast pyrolysis; Zeolite; Pyrolysis oil ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; BIO-OIL; MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; REACTION PATHWAYS; METAL-OXIDES; VAPORS; FUELS; AROMATIZATION; CONVERSION; CHEMICALS AB Zeolites have been shown to effectively promote cracking reactions during pyrolysis resulting in highly deoxygenated and hydrocarbon-rich compounds and stable pyrolysis oil product. Py/GC-MS was employed to study the catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass samples comprising oak, corn cob, corn stover, and switchgrass, as well as the fractional components of biomass, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Quantitative values of condensable vapors and relative compositions of the pyrolytic products including non-condensable gases (NCG's) and solid residues are presented to show how reaction products are affected by catalyst choice. While all catalysts decreased the oxygen-containing products in the condensable vapors, H-ZSM-5 was most effective at producing aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolytic vapors. We demonstrated how the Si/Al ratio of the catalysts plays a role in the deoxygenation of the vapors towards the pathway to aromatic hydrocarbons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mihalcik, David J.; Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service FX Author Mihalcik thanks the Agricultural Research Service for partial funding through the Administrator Funded Research Associate Program. We would like to thank statistician John G. Phillips of the North Atlantic Area (NAA) for analyzing data by analysis of variance to determine the effects and interactions of catalyst and feedstock. NR 49 TC 155 Z9 161 U1 16 U2 128 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD SEP PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2011.06.001 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 820VG UT WOS:000294933600029 ER PT J AU Tewoldemedhin, YT Mazzola, M Labuschagne, I McLeod, A AF Tewoldemedhin, Yared Tesfai Mazzola, Mark Labuschagne, Iwan McLeod, Adele TI A multi-phasic approach reveals that apple replant disease is caused by multiple biological agents, with some agents acting synergistically SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Apple replant disease; Root pathogen quantification; Real time PCR; Oomycetes; Fungi; Actinomycetes; Nematode ID ROOT-LESION NEMATODES; REAL-TIME PCR; SEED MEAL; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SOIL FUMIGATION; ORCHARD SOILS; PYTHIUM SPP.; TREE GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION AB Apple replant disease CARD) has been reported from all major fruit-growing regions of the world, and is often caused by a consortium of biological agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of ARD in South Africa in six orchard soils, using a multiphasic approach under glasshouse conditions. This approach first involved determining the ARD status of the soils by monitoring apple seedling growth responses in non-treated soil versus growth in pasteurized soil, as well as in 15% non-treated soil that was diluted into pasteurized soil. Subsequently, the potential for specific organisms to function as causal agents of ARD was investigated using (i) biocide applications, (ii) quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses of ARD 'marker' microbes (Pythium irregulare, Pythium sylvaticum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium vexans, Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 and the genera Cylindrocarpon and Phytophthora), (iii) nematode analyses, (iv) isolation of actinomycetes and (v) pathogenicity testing of actinomycetes individually, and when co-inoculated with P. irregulare or Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum. The analyses showed that the soils could be grouped into low, moderate and severe ARD soils, with each group containing two soils. Several lines of evidence suggested that actinomycetes are not involved in ARD in South Africa. Multiple biological agents were determined to contribute to ARD including (i) oomycetes (Phytophthora and Pythium) that are important based upon their widespread occurrence, and the fact that metalaxyl application improved seedling growth in four soils (ii) the genus Cylindrocarpon that was also widespread, and for which a synergistic interaction with P. irregulare was demonstrated and (iii) occasionally parasitic nematodes, mainly Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri and Pratylenchus delattrei, since fenamiphos application improved seedling growth in two orchards. qPCR analyses of the ARD marker microbes showed that R. solani AG-5 is absent from South African orchards, and that P. ultimum is widespread, even though the latter species could not be detected in previous isolation studies. The other marker microbes were also widespread, with the exception of P. sylvaticum. qPCR quantification of the marker microbes could not be correlated with the severity of ARD in any manner. qPCR analyses did, however, show that possible root pruning pathogens such as P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum and P. ultimum had much lower DNA concentrations in seedling roots than P. vexans and the genera Cylindrocarpon and Phytophthora. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tewoldemedhin, Yared Tesfai; McLeod, Adele] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Mazzola, Mark] ARS, USDA, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Labuschagne, Iwan] Agr Res Council Infruitech Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP McLeod, A (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Private Bag X1, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM tewoldemedhiny@arc.agric.za; Mark.Mazzola@ars.usda.gov; iwan@colorsfruit.com; adelem@sun.ac.za RI McLeod, Adele/D-4025-2012 OI McLeod, Adele/0000-0002-1807-9154 FU South African Apple and Pear Producers' Association (SAAPPA); Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP); National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa FX We would like to thank the South African Apple and Pear Producers' Association (SAAPPA), the Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa for funding this work. We are also grateful to Frikkie Calitz (Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Stellenbosch, South Africa) for assistance with statistical analyses of the data. NR 80 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1917 EP 1927 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.014 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 820YP UT WOS:000294942300020 ER PT J AU Jury, WA Or, D Pachepsky, Y Vereecken, H Hopmans, JW Ahuja, LR Clothier, BE Bristow, KL Kluitenberg, GJ Moldrup, P Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT Horton, R AF Jury, W. A. Or, D. Pachepsky, Y. Vereecken, H. Hopmans, J. W. Ahuja, L. R. Clothier, B. E. Bristow, K. L. Kluitenberg, G. J. Moldrup, P. Simunek, J. van Genuchten, M. Th Horton, R. TI Kirkham's Legacy and Contemporary Challenges in Soil Physics Research SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; MODELING WATER-MOVEMENT; REPELLENT SANDY SOIL; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; ROOT WATER; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW AB Don Kirkham was instrumental in transforming soil physics into a modern scientific discipline by developing theories based on verifiable hypotheses, creating methods to test the hypotheses, and applying the theories to problems of importance to society. We, the recipients of the Don and Betty Kirkham Award in Soil Physics, show how this legacy continues to affect soil physics. We describe eight longstanding or emerging research areas in soil physics that contain key unsolved problems. All are field oriented, with applications to a number of important issues in agriculture and the environment. The first three problems deal with the topic of characterization of field-scale soil water properties, within which we describe progress on scaling, effective hydraulic properties, and the relationship between soil structure and function. We then move to the description of unstable flow and characterizing water repellency, and finish with discussions on the effect of plants on transport processes, characterizing soil microbial diversity, and the importance of soil ecological infrastructure in providing ecosystem services. The challenges we discuss reflect inherent gaps between the complexity of the soil environment and its biogeochemical function, and the limited measurement and analytical tools at our disposal. Improving our predictive capabilities at relevant spatial and temporal scales will be necessary to address some of the long-standing problems within agriculture and the soil environment. C1 [Jury, W. A.; Simunek, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Or, D.] ETH, Dep Environm Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Pachepsky, Y.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vereecken, H.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere Inst IBG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Hopmans, J. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Clothier, B. E.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Syst Modelling, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Bristow, K. L.] PMB Aitkenvale, CSIRO Land & Water, CSIRO Sustainable Agr Natl Res Flagship, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia. [Kluitenberg, G. J.] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Moldrup, P.] Aalborg Univ, Dep Biotechnol Chem & Environm Engn, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. [van Genuchten, M. Th] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, COPPE LTTC, Dep Mech Engn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Horton, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jury, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM wajury@mail.ucr.edu RI Or, Dani/D-8768-2012; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Clothier, Brent/H-3124-2013; Bristow, Keith/F-2821-2011 OI Or, Dani/0000-0002-3236-2933; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Clothier, Brent/0000-0003-1901-0324; NR 86 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 65 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1589 EP 1601 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0115 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500001 ER PT J AU Ohno, T Hiradate, S He, ZQ AF Ohno, Tsutomu Hiradate, Syuntaro He, Zhongqi TI Phosphorus Solubility of Agricultural Soils: A Surface Charge and Phosphorus-31 NMR Speciation Study SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHATE; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DESORPTION; FERTILIZER; MEHLICH-3; SORPTION; MANURE; WATER AB We investigated 10 soils from six states in the United States to determine the relationship between potentiometric titration derived soil surface charge and the concentration of water-extractable P (WEP). Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical speciation of soil P. The surface charge value at the native soil pH was correlated to the WEP concentration, indicating that electrostatic interactions are involved in determining soil phosphate solubility. The titration curves were fit to a two-site Langmuir model and analysis showed that the native pH surface charge was accounted for by the low pH Type 1 (S-OH(2)(+)) site, attributed to positively charged metal (oxy) hydroxides. The (31)P NMR data indicated that 98% of the inorganic form of P was composed of orthophosphate species and 95% of the organic P was composed of the P monoester class compounds. The inorganic orthophosphate form of P was directly related to the total soil P content, suggesting that external fertilizer inputs control the level of this form of soil P. In contrast, P monoester class compound content was not related to total soil P content, suggesting that organic soil P is controlled by P cycling independent of external P inputs. The (31)P NMR speciation data indicated that the inorganic orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and DNA P concentrations in the soils were significantly associated with oxalate-extractable Al and Fe concentrations, which further demonstrates that metal (oxy) hydroxides are important surfaces where P species are interacting with soils. C1 [Ohno, Tsutomu] Univ Maine, Dep Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hiradate, Syuntaro] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ohno, T (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dep Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ohno@maine.edu OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35107-04480]; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station FX This project was supported by USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35107-04480 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and was also supported by Hatch funds provided by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Journal no. 3222. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1704 EP 1711 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0404 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500011 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Olk, DC Cade-Menun, BJ AF He, Zhongqi Olk, Daniel C. Cade-Menun, Barbara J. TI Forms and Lability of Phosphorus in Humic Acid Fractions of Hord Silt Loam Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TROPICAL LOWLAND SOIL; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; RICE SOILS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; NORTHERN CAUCASUS; ANIMAL MANURE; MINERAL SOILS; P-31 AB Phosphorus has long been known to be present in soil humic fractions, but little is known about specific P forms in humic fractions or their lability. We extracted the mobile humic acid (MHA) and recalcitrant calcium humate (CaHA) fractions from a Nebraska Hord silt loam soil (a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Haplustoll) under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) receiving either inorganic fertilizer or animal manure. Solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that P in both MHA and CaHA was predominantly present in organic forms, mostly as orthophosphate monoesters. Spiking experiments indicated no phytate present in these humic fractions, but scyllo-inositol P was identified in all samples. Potato phosphatase hydrolyzed some humic-bound P. Fungal phytase released more humic-bound P, which may come from scyllo-inositol P. No additional P was released by including nuclease. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation increased soluble inorganic P in MHA fractions, but total hydrolyzable P in MHA fractions did not increase, suggesting that the portion of P that was UV labile was also enzymatically hydrolyzable. In contrast, UV irradiation increased soluble inorganic P and total hydrolyzable P in CaHA fractions, which suggests that UV-labile P in CaHA fractions did not overlap with enzymatically hydrolyzable P. Fertilization management did not significantly alter the lability of humic P in these humic fractions. This research has the potential to improve P management by increasing our knowledge of P lability for more efficient crop uptake. C1 [He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Olk, Daniel C.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cade-Menun, Barbara J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013; Cade-Menun, Barbara/0000-0003-4391-3718 NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 34 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1712 EP 1722 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0355 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500012 ER PT J AU Sequeira, CH Alley, MM AF Sequeira, Cleiton H. Alley, Marcus M. TI Soil Organic Matter Fractions as Indices of Soil Quality Changes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SURFACE SOILS; NO-TILL; LABILE; MANAGEMENT; PARTICULATE; DYNAMICS; TURNOVER AB Soil organic matter (SOM) is commonly used as an indicator of soil quality, with different fractions being used as indices to measure changes in SOM caused by management. The objective of this study was to compare whether selected SOM fractions exhibited sensitivity to short-term changes in management. The experiment was conducted for similar to 3 yr as a split-split-plot design with crop rotation as the whole-plot treatment factor, tillage as the subplot treatment factor, and cover crop management as the sub-subplot treatment factor. Soil samples were collected at the 0- to 15-cm depth. Soil organic C (SOC) and N, particulate organic matter (POM), free light fraction (FLF), Illinois soil N test (ISNT), and easily oxidizable C (EOC) were tested as possible sensitive indices to changes in management. The stable fraction SOC was only affected by cover crop management, while C and N contents and C/N ratio of the labile POM and FLF fractions were affected by additional management practices. Between POM and FLF, the latter was the most sensitive, with cover crop management having the greatest effect. Because FLF is chemically and structurally closer to plant residues than POM, the sensitivity rank position of these fractions would probably be at least more similar if only tillage management was considered. In addition, the lack of sensitivity of ISNT and EOC to any tested management practice is added to previous studies that have raised questions of the representation of the labile SOM pool through these fractions. C1 [Sequeira, Cleiton H.; Alley, Marcus M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sequeira, CH (reprint author), USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM cleiton@vt.edu NR 42 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 36 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1766 EP 1773 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0067 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500017 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, AW Goosey, HB Snyder, E Hatfield, PG AF Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew W. Goosey, Hayes B. Snyder, Erin Hatfield, Patrick G. TI Sheep Grazing in a Wheat-Fallow System Affects Dryland Soil Properties and Grain Yield SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; INCORPORATING SHEEP; CORN YIELD; NITROGEN; IMPACT; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; SEQUENCE; ILLINOIS AB Sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing, an effective method of controlling weeds and pests in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system, may affect dryland soil properties and wheat yield. We evaluated the effects of fallow management for weed control and soil water conservation (sheep grazing, herbicide application [chemical], and tillage [mechanical]) and cropping sequence (continuous spring wheat [CSW], spring wheat-fallow [SW-F], and winter wheat-fallow [WW-F]) on soil nutrients and chemical properties in the 0- to 60-cm depth and wheat yield. The experiment was conducted in a Blackmore silt loam from 2004 to 2008 in southwestern Montana. Soil P and K concentrations at 0 to 30 cm were lower in the grazing than in the chemical or mechanical treatments. In contrast, soil Na, Ca, and Mg concentrations were greater in the grazing and mechanical than the chemical treatment. Soil Mg concentration at 30 to 60 cm was greater under CSW than WW-F. Soil SO(4)-S concentration varied with fallow management and cropping sequence. Soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and electrical conductivity (EC) at 0 to 15 cm were greater in the mechanical than in the chemical or grazing treatments. Annualized wheat yield was greater under CSW than SW-F or WW-F but was not affected by fallow management. Sheep grazing affected soil nutrients probably by consuming wheat residues but returning them at various levels through feces and urine. In contrast, tillage increased pH, CEC, and EC, probably by incorporating crop residue, feces, and urine into the soil. By applying enough P and K fertilizers to wheat and using less intensive grazing, sheep grazing can be used to sustain wheat yields without seriously affecting soil nutrients and chemical properties. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Lenssen, Andrew W.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Goosey, Hayes B.; Snyder, Erin; Hatfield, Patrick G.] Montana State Univ, Dep Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1789 EP 1798 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0202 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500020 ER PT J AU Chen, LM Zhang, GL Effland, WR AF Chen, Liu-Mei Zhang, Gan-Lin Effland, William R. TI Soil Characteristic Response Times and Pedogenic Thresholds during the 1000-Year Evolution of a Paddy Soil Chronosequence SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MARINE TERRACES; CHINA; CARBON; RATES; SEQUESTRATION; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; RICE AB A paddy soil chronosequence consisting of five profiles derived from calcareous marine sediments with cultivation history from 0 to 1000 yr was studied to assess the dynamic changes in soil properties and major elemental mass balance during soil evolution and to understand the response rates of soil properties at different time scales. The threshold concept was applied to increase our understanding of paddy soil genesis processes. Results showed that 50 yr of paddy cultivation induced measurable accumulation of soil organic C (SOC) in the surface horizon and marked reduction of magnetic susceptibility (MS), soft isothermal remanent magnetization (IRMs), and Ca, Mg, and Na elemental concentrations. Complete removal of CaCO(3) from profiles, measurable profile differentiation of free Fe oxide (Fe(d)) and total Fe, clay illuviation, reduction of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM(s)), and net losses of elemental P and Mn occurred during the 300- to 700-yr time period. Soil clay mineral composition and Si, Al, and K elemental concentrations showed little change in 1000 yr. Th e rapid changes in SOC, MS, IRMs, Ca, Na, and Mg within 50 yr primarily resulted from anthropogenic activities, which are extrinsic thresholds. Th e noticeable changes in horizon differentiation of Fed, clay illuviation, and the decrease in IRM(h) during the 300- to 700-yr time period indicate threshold values for carbonate, which is an intrinsic threshold. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that different soil components and properties have different transformation processes and associated rates influenced by anthropogenic activities and the soil carbonate status of the original soil. C1 [Chen, Liu-Mei; Zhang, Gan-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Chen, Liu-Mei; Zhang, Gan-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Effland, William R.] USDA NRCS, Resource Assessment Div, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, GL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM glzhang@issas.ac.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [40625001]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-409] FX We are grateful to Dr. Decheng Li, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Ms. Hong Lu, Cixi Agriculture Bureau, Zhejiang Province, for their help during the field work. The study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40625001) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-409). NR 67 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 30 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1807 EP 1820 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0006 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500022 ER PT J AU Gelder, BK Anex, RP Kaspar, TC Sauer, TJ Karlen, DL AF Gelder, B. K. Anex, R. P. Kaspar, T. C. Sauer, T. J. Karlen, D. L. TI Estimating Soil Organic Carbon in Central Iowa Using Aerial Imagery and Soil Surveys SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE-RATE TECHNOLOGY; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; INFORMATION; LANDSCAPE; NITROGEN; FIELDS; MATTER; SCALE; COLOR AB Widespread implementation of precision agriculture practices requires low-cost, high-quality data such as soil organic C (SOC) content, but SOC mapping currently requires expensive sample collection and analysis techniques. Soils higher in organic C appear darker than surrounding soils in aerial imagery aft er tillage, although this difference is only relative without knowledge of the range of SOC. This range could be estimated from Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database. To verify this, the SSURGO database was used to estimate the SOC range at three sites in central Iowa. Soil organic C content across each field was then linearly interpolated within the SSURGO-estimated range for each field using the brightness values at each pixel in the aerial photograph as a scaling factor. Measured SOC data from the three sites ranged from 3.4 to 50 g kg(-1) and the R(2) and RMSE values between the measured and estimated SOC concentrations ranged from 0.60 to 0.82 and 3.5 to 7.6 g kg(-1), respectively. Limited thresholding of the brightest and darkest pixels improved the accuracy and precision of SOC estimates over raw imagery. These results imply that aerial imagery supplemented by SSURGO-estimated SOC ranges can provide georeferenced SOC estimates suitable for site-specific recommendations and analysis without field sampling. C1 [Gelder, B. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Anex, R. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kaspar, T. C.; Sauer, T. J.; Karlen, D. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gelder, BK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agr & Biosyst Engn, 3165 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bkgelder@iastate.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1821 EP 1828 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0260 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500023 ER PT J AU Homann, PS Bormann, BT Darbyshire, RL Morrissette, BA AF Homann, Peter S. Bormann, Bernard T. Darbyshire, Robyn L. Morrissette, Brett A. TI Forest Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Losses Associated with Wildfire and Prescribed Fire SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DOUGLAS-FIR; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SEVERITY; STANDS; DYNAMICS; CANOPY; OREGON; POOLS AB Increases in forest wildfires in western North America may affect soil properties. We determined how fire-induced soil C and N losses vary with fuels, thinning, fire type, and burn severity in a southwestern Oregon forest dominated by mature Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco]. Prefire thinning, clear-cutting, and woody debris manipulations on experimental units created a broad range of prefire conditions. Pre- and postfire soil measurements quantified changes in the O horizon plus upper 6.2-cm mineral soil on nine wildfire units, three backburn units, and two prescribed fire units. Fire-induced soil C loss averaged 48% of the initial pool and varied from 3 to 21 Mg C ha(-1). Soil N loss averaged 36% and ranged from 41 to 650 kg N ha(-1). Wildfire-related soil C and N losses were strongly positively related (r(2) = 0.73-0.82) to loss of 1- to 10-cm-diameter woody fuel, which ranged from 4 to 58 Mg ha(-1). Wildfire-related soil C and N losses did not significantly differ between coarse woody debris treatments, but they were twice as great on the thinned than the unthinned treatment. In thinned forest, wildfire resulted in twice as much soil N loss as prescribed fire. Within wildfire and backburn areas, high burn severity, as determined by aboveground measurements, yielded twice the soil C and N losses as lower severity burns. Soil N losses were an order of magnitude larger than estimated N losses from combusted fuels. These comparisons provide unique information linking wildfire-induced soil response to aboveground fuel and forest conditions. C1 [Homann, Peter S.] Western Washington Univ, Dep Environm Sci, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Bormann, Bernard T.] US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Proc Program, Pacific NW Forest Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Darbyshire, Robyn L.] Wallowa Whitman Natl Forest, Baker City, OR 97814 USA. [Morrissette, Brett A.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Homann, PS (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dep Environm Sci, Huxley Coll Environm, 516 High St, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM Peter.Homann@wwu.edu FU U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; NSF [0723234]; Western Washington University FX This paper is a contribution of the Long-Term Ecosystem Productivity (LTEP) Program of the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Support for pre- and post-treatment sampling came from the research station; USEPA Environmental Research Lab., Corvallis, OR (Interagency Agreement DW 12936179); the Joint Fire Sciences Program (03-2-3-09); the National Commission for Science on Sustainable Forestry (C4); and the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. Additional funding was made available by NSF Award no. 0723234 and by research and sponsored programs at Western Washington University. We acknowledge the hard work of many individuals including earlier LTEP experiment leaders and scientists Sue Little, Mike Amaranthus, Jim Boyle, and Larry Bednar; and field and lab assistants Tom Bell, Suzanne Remillard, Matt Cowall, Dave Woodruff, Colin Edgar, Aurore Chauvry, Nate France, Chris Stevens, Vannessa Spini, Laura Fabrey, Kyle Swanson, Kristina Muscutt, and Nick Leahy. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 32 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1926 EP 1934 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010-0429 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500033 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Vose, JM Clinton, BD Hunter, MD AF Knoepp, Jennifer D. Vose, James M. Clinton, Barton D. Hunter, Mark D. TI Hemlock Infestation and Mortality: Impacts on Nutrient Pools and Cycling in Appalachian Forests SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; NEW-ENGLAND FORESTS; EASTERN HEMLOCK; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; VEGETATION GRADIENT; INSECT DEFOLIATION; SOIL-SOLUTION; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS AB Eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere] trees serve an important ecological role in riparian ecosystems in the southern Appalachians. Significant hemlock mortality is occurring due to infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae Annand), a non-native invasive pest. Our objective was to quantify the impacts of HWA and hemlock mortality on nutrient cycling pools and processes. In 2004, we established eight research plots in riparian areas with >50% basal area in hemlock and four reference plots in riparian areas without hemlock (hardwood). All hemlock plots were infested with HWA. In four of the hemlock plots, all hemlock trees were girdled to induce defoliation and rapid mortality. By fall 2006, there was 90 and 10% mortality in the girdled and nongirdled hemlock plots, respectively. Measurements included soil temperature and moisture, nutrient pools, N transformations, litterfall and forest floor amount and chemistry, and throughfall and soil solution chemistry. From 2004 to 2008, litterfall composition changed, with an initial increase in the hemlock needle percentage followed by a decline. Hemlock plots had cooler spring soil temperatures than hardwood plots. Hemlock plots had greater surface soil and forest floor total C than hardwood plots; soil C content did not change during the 4 yr of measurement. There were no differences in N mineralization rates or soil solution N concentrations among treatments. Differences between litterfall and forest floor nutrient contents in hemlock and hardwood plots suggest that as hemlocks are replaced by hardwood species, nutrient cycling rates and processes will be similar to hardwood reference plots. C1 [Knoepp, Jennifer D.; Vose, James M.; Clinton, Barton D.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Hunter, Mark D.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Knoepp, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jknoepp@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service; Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; National Science Foundation [DEB-9632854, DEB-0218001] FX We would like to acknowledge the following: Kate Seader, Tom Greenstone, Jenna Malloway, and Neal Muldoon for their contributions in the field to the collection of data; Cindi Brown and Carol Harper for laboratory analyses; and Chelcy Ford for assistance with instrumentation and datalogger programming. This project was funded by the U.S. Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, and the Coweeta LTER project funded by National Science Foundation Grants DEB-9632854 and DEB-0218001. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 27 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1935 EP 1945 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0409 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500034 ER PT J AU Gergans, N Miller, WW Johnson, DW Sedinger, JS Walker, RF Blank, RR AF Gergans, N. Miller, W. W. Johnson, D. W. Sedinger, J. S. Walker, R. F. Blank, R. R. TI Runoff Water Quality from a Sierran Upland Forest, Transition Ecotone, and Riparian Wet Meadow SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAKE TAHOE; CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; HOT-SPOTS; PHOSPHORUS; SOILS; FIRE; EUTROPHICATION; TRANSPARENCY; VARIABILITY AB High concentrations of inorganic N, P, and S have been reported in overland and litter interflow within forested uplands of the Tahoe basin and surrounding watersheds. In this study we compared runoff nutrient concentration and load as well as soil nutrient fluxes at three watershed locations; an upland forest, a transitional ecotone consisting of forest and meadow vegetation, and a down gradient riparian wet meadow immediately adjacent to Sagehen Creek at the U.C. Berkeley Sagehen Experimental Forest near Truckee, CA. Three parallel transects (one at each watershed location) consisting of four sampling points each were delineated. Runoff collectors, rain gages, snowmelt collectors, and resin capsules were installed along each transect. Runoff, precipitation, snowmelt, and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for NO(3)(-)-N, NH(4)(+)-N, PO(4)(3-)-P, and SO(4)(2-). Both discharge concentrations and loads were statistically similar among the upland forest, ecotone, and riparian wet meadow locations, indicating little effect from differences in ecological or physical processes. Model estimated data trends, however, suggested the presence of higher discharge concentrations of NH(4)(+) N for upland and wet meadow sites compared with the transition ecotone, and higher discharge loads of NO(3)(-)-N from the wet meadow compared with either the upland or transition ecotone sites. Overall, the wet meadow riparian zone at our Sierra Nevada study location did not appear to be as effective at intercepting and retaining high nutrient loads as commonly presumed, and by virtue of the observed data trends in some instances, may have been a contributing source. C1 [Miller, W. W.; Johnson, D. W.; Sedinger, J. S.; Walker, R. F.] Univ Nevada, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Gergans, N.] Univ Nevada, Grad Program Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blank, R. R.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit Soils Lab, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Miller, WW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM wilymalr@cabnr.unr.edu FU Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program; University of California, Berkeley, Sagehen Creek Experimental Watershed FX We gratefully acknowledge the participation and support of the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program, and the University of California, Berkeley, Sagehen Creek Experimental Watershed. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1946 EP 1957 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0001 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819FJ UT WOS:000294810500035 ER PT J AU Cleveland, BM Burr, GS AF Cleveland, Beth M. Burr, Gary S. TI Proteolytic response to feeding level in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Fish; Ration; Proteolysis; Protein turnover; Atrogin-1 ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DEPENDENT CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; IGF-I; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; COHO SALMON AB In fish, a quadratic relationship between feed intake and feed efficiency is observed most-often, with optimal nutrient retention occurring at moderate levels of feed restriction. Determining how mechanisms controlling nutrient utilization are affected by feed intake, with a particular emphasis on those that impact protein turnover, will enable a better understanding of the metabolic processes that contribute to variations in nutrient retention. In the present study, rainbow trout were fed for 10 weeks at different levels of satiation and indices of growth, nutrient retention, and protein degradation were determined. As-fed and dry-weight feed efficiency, specific growth rate, and protein, lipid, and energy retention displayed a positive quadratic response to feeding level (P<0.05), with optimal feed efficiency calculated to occur at 76% of satiation. Concentrations of plasma free amino acids increased linearly (P<0.001) and plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) displayed a positive quadratic response across feeding level (P<0.01). The myofibrillar protein degradation product, 3-methylhistidine (3-MH), displayed a negative quadratic response (P<0.02) to feed intake. These data suggest that an increase in protein degradation occurs during high levels of feed intake that is partially driven by changes in plasma IGF-I, which displayed a slight decrease in plasma concentration approaching satiation and may contribute to the associated reductions in protein retention and feed efficiency. Proteolytic genes that also displayed quadratic responses included the ubiquitin ligase, fbxo32 (P<0.01), and a cathepsin, ctsd (P<0.01), indicating an increase in the capacity to degrade proteins at high levels of feed intake. Therefore, interrupting the up-regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal systems during high levels of feed intake may impede increases in protein degradation, reduce rates of protein turnover and subsequently improve protein retention and feed efficiency. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cleveland, Beth M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Burr, Gary S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. RP Cleveland, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM beth.cleveland@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service [1930-31000-010-00D, 1915-31000-003-00D] FX Funding for this study came from the Agricultural Research Service Projects 1930-31000-010-00D and 1915-31000-003-00D. NR 82 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 319 IS 1-2 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.06.043 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 818KV UT WOS:000294751500028 ER PT J AU Green, B Ward, GH AF Green, Bartholomew Ward, George H. TI Ultimate biochemical oxygen demand in semi-intensively managed shrimp pond waters SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Ultimate biochemical oxygen demand UBOD; Decomposition rate constant; Semi-intensive shrimp culture; Litopenaeus vannamei ID FISH PONDS; FARMS; LEVEL AB Three independent studies were conducted to quantify ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (UBOD) and the corresponding decomposition rate constant for production pond (average 21.5 ha each) waters and effluents on six semi-intensively managed marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farms in Honduras. Samples were collected during the rainy season in studies 1-3 and during the dry season only in Study 1. Pond water samples were collected during the culture period and/or at harvest. The dry season 30-d biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(30)) of pond waters across all farms was 26% lower and UBOD was 54% lower, but the decomposition rate constant was more than twice as great as during the rainy season. During the dry season, biochemical oxygen demand was nearly completely expressed after 30 d of incubation whereas during the rainy season BOD was about 65% expressed after 31 d of incubation and the correlation between BOD(31) and UBOD was less strong compared to the dry season. Water quality variables were correlated with measures of BOD during rainy and dry seasons, but only the correlation between chlorophyll a and BOD measures was predictive. In studies 2 and 3. BOD after 88-94 d of incubation was expressed almost completely and corresponded closely with computed UBOD. No significant differences in UBOD were detected in pond samples taken after 30, 61, or 71 (harvest) d of grow out in study 3. Mean decomposition rate constant ranged from 0.054 to 0.071 d(-1) in studies 1-3 (rainy season), compared to 0.123 d(-1) in Study 1 (dry season). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Green, Bartholomew] ARS, USDA, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Ward, George H.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Res Water Resources, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Green, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM bart.green@ars.usda.gov; gward@mail.utexas.edu FU Associacion Nacional de Acuicultores de Honduras (ANDAH); Auburn University-U. S. [00CRA0010] FX We thank the farm managers and support personnel for their cooperation and assistance during these studies. We thank the Associacion Nacional de Acuicultores de Honduras (ANDAH) for its support of this study. We thank Lic. Delia Martinez, Laboratorio de Calidad de Agua, La Lujosa, Choluteca, Honduras, for performing the water quality and BOD analyses. Partial funding for study 1 was provided through the Auburn University-U. S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement 00CRA0010 to the senior author while at Auburn University. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 319 IS 1-2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.06.031 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 818KV UT WOS:000294751500036 ER PT J AU Tang, G Stewart-Smith, J Plastow, G Moore, S Basarab, J MacNeil, MD Wang, Z AF Tang, G. Stewart-Smith, J. Plastow, G. Moore, S. Basarab, J. MacNeil, M. D. Wang, Z. TI Optimizing a beef production system using specialized sire and dam lines SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; breeding objective; crossbreeding; relative economic value ID PERIODIC ROTATIONAL CROSSES; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; CATTLE PRODUCTION; ECONOMIC VALUES; BREED AB Tang, G., Stewart-Smith, J., Plastow, G., Moore, S., Basarab, J., MacNeil, M. D. and Wang, Z. 2011. Optimizing a beef production system using specialized sire and dam lines. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 353-361. Crossbreeding is an effective method for improving the efficiency of production in commercial cow-calf operations. It exploits available heterosis (hybrid vigour) and complementarity between different breeds or populations (lines). Before adopting a crossbreeding system, commercial cattle producers should evaluate available genetic resources and feasible crossbreeding systems, and choose one that is most beneficial for their own environment, resources, and management. This study compared profitability of alternative crossbreeding systems based on Beefbooster beef cattle breeding strains through computer simulation. Biological and economic data were collected from commercial customers of Beefbooster in Montana and western Canada, and breeding records from the database of Beefbooster, Inc. Three maternal strains (M1, M2 and M4) and two specialized paternal strains (M3 and TX), were evaluated with two simulated crossbreeding systems. System 1 uses a rotational cross between M1 and M4 with yearling crossbred heifers bred to M3 sires. System 2 is based on a three-strain rotation of Ml, M2 and M4 with yearling crossbred heifers bred to M3 to facilitate ease of calving and crossbred cows bred to a classical terminal sire strain TX. Simulated base profit from system 2 was $29.57 greater (215.21 vs. 185.64 yr(-1) per cow) than from system 1. C1 [Tang, G.; Plastow, G.; Moore, S.; Wang, Z.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Tang, G.] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yaan 625014, Peoples R China. [Stewart-Smith, J.] Beefbooster Inc, Calgary, AB T1Y 5E4, Canada. [Basarab, J.] Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [MacNeil, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM Zhiquan@ualberta.ca FU Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency (ALMA) [G550000101]; Beefbooster Inc.; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [G121211088]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771534] FX The authors express their sincerely thanks to the associate editor, Dr. Stephen Miller, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that substantially improved the earlier version of this manuscript. The financial support of the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency (ALMA) grant #G550000101, Beefbooster Inc., Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant #G121211088 and National Natural Science Foundation of China grant #30771534 are greatly appreciated. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 91 IS 3 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.4141/CJAS10073 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 818IG UT WOS:000294744800003 ER PT J AU Kokko, C Sode, KJ Brito, AF Hovey, RC Berthiaume, R AF Kokko, C. Sode, K. J. Brito, A. F. Hovey, R. C. Berthiaume, R. TI Effect of time of cutting and maceration on forage composition, nutrient flow, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility in dual-flow continuous culture SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Diurnal cutting; maceration; ruminal fermentation C1 [Kokko, C.; Hovey, R. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sode, K. J.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Brito, A. F.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Berthiaume, R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Dairy & Swine Res & Dev Ctr, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. RI Sode, Koji/F-6914-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 91 IS 3 BP 486 EP 487 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 818IG UT WOS:000294744800042 ER PT J AU Zhao, K Tung, CW Eizenga, GC Wright, MH Ali, ML Price, AH Norton, GJ Islam, MR Reynolds, A Mezey, J McClung, AM Bustamante, CD McCouch, SR AF Zhao, Keyan Tung, Chih-Wei Eizenga, Georgia C. Wright, Mark H. Ali, M. Liakat Price, Adam H. Norton, Gareth J. Islam, M. Rafiqul Reynolds, Andy Mezey, Jason McClung, Anna M. Bustamante, Carlos D. McCouch, Susan R. TI Genome-wide association mapping reveals a rich genetic architecture of complex traits in Oryza sativa SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FLOWERING TIME; DRAFT SEQUENCE; L.; PROTEIN; YIELD; POPULATIONS; ELONGATION; LANDRACES AB Asian rice, Oryza sativa is a cultivated, inbreeding species that feeds over half of the world's population. Understanding the genetic basis of diverse physiological, developmental, and morphological traits provides the basis for improving yield, quality and sustainability of rice. Here we show the results of a genome-wide association study based on genotyping 44,100 SNP variants across 413 diverse accessions of O. sativa collected from 82 countries that were systematically phenotyped for 34 traits. Using cross-population-based mapping strategies, we identified dozens of common variants influencing numerous complex traits. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the genetic architecture associated with subpopulation structure and response to environment. This work establishes an open-source translational research platform for genome-wide association studies in rice that directly links molecular variation in genes and metabolic pathways with the germplasm resources needed to accelerate varietal development and crop improvement. C1 [Tung, Chih-Wei; McCouch, Susan R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Reynolds, Andy; Mezey, Jason; Bustamante, Carlos D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Zhao, Keyan; Bustamante, Carlos D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Eizenga, Georgia C.; McClung, Anna M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Ali, M. Liakat] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Price, Adam H.; Norton, Gareth J.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Islam, M. Rafiqul] Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM cdbustam@stanford.edu; srm4@cornell.edu RI Norton, Gareth/D-7512-2012 OI Wright, Mark/0000-0001-8036-1161; TUNG, CHIH-WEI/0000-0001-5337-0177; Norton, Gareth/0000-0003-4560-170X; FU NIH [P50 HG002790]; BBSRC-DFID (UK) [BBF0041841]; NSF [0606461] FX We thank Teresa Hancock and Daniel Wood at the University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, Arkansas for their outstanding technical assistance; Shofiqul Islam at Bangladesh Agricultural University for managing the field experiments; Peter Schweitzer, Wei Wang and Barbara Hover from the Cornell Genomics Facility for excellent technical support; Robert Barkovich, Julia Montgomery, Gene Tanimoto and Ali Pirani from Affymetrix for advise designing the 44 K chip; Oryza SNP project for early access to SNP data; Joshua Cobb for help with candidate gene annotation; Ellie Rice, Dan Deibler, Cheryl Utter and Shelina Gautama for images design; and Simon Gravel for valuable discussion during manuscript preparation. We are grateful for generous computing support from USC CEGS (NIH CEGS grant P50 HG002790; S. Tavare, PI) and Stanford Biox2 clusters. The flowering-time data from Aberdeen and Faridpur are outputs from grant BBF0041841 funded by BBSRC-DFID (UK) awarded to Andy Meharg (Aberdeen) and AP. The development of the 44 K SNP array, rice diversity panel, genotyping dataset and phenotypic evaluation of 32 traits was supported by NSF Plant Genome Research Program award #0606461 to S.R.M., G.C.E., A.M.M. and C.D.B. NR 61 TC 338 Z9 355 U1 12 U2 93 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 AR 467 DI 10.1038/ncomms1467 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819EC UT WOS:000294807200009 PM 21915109 ER PT J AU Kosecki, S Shoemaker, R Baer, CK AF Kosecki, Stanislaw Shoemaker, Robbin Baer, Charlotte Kirk TI Scope, characteristics, and use of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's intramural research SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Intramural research; Research benchmarking; Research output; USDA; Federal research; Education; Extension ID IMPACT; INDICATORS; SCIENCE AB This article presents for the first time a portrait of intramural research conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). We describe the nature, characteristics, and use of USDA research based on scientometric indicators using patent analysis and three bibliometric methods: publication analysis, citation analysis, and science mapping. Our analyses are intended to be purely descriptive in nature. They demonstrate that USDA maintains several core scientific competencies and its research is much broader than and reaches well beyond traditional agricultural sciences for which it is best known. We illustrate the current status, recent trends, and clear benchmarks for planning and assessing future USDA research across an array of scientific disciplines. C1 [Shoemaker, Robbin; Baer, Charlotte Kirk] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Kosecki, Stanislaw] ARS, Natl Agr Lib, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shoemaker, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, 800 9th St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM rshoemaker@nifa.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD SEP PY 2011 VL 88 IS 3 BP 707 EP 728 DI 10.1007/s11192-011-0359-0 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 819PO UT WOS:000294839700002 ER PT J AU Arendt, WJ AF Arendt, Wayne J. TI Hourly Laying Patterns of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) in Puerto Rico SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGG-SIZE VARIATION; BIRDS; PHYLOGENY; STARLINGS; TIMES AB Temporal aspects of egg deposition are important factors governing avian reproductive success. I report hourly egg-laying patterns of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fitscatus) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in northeastern Puerto Rico during 1979-2000. Initiatory eggs were laid by early morning (median = 0642 hrs, AST) and almost half of the eggs were laid by 0723 hrs. Many penultimate and eggs completing a clutch, however, were laid later in the morning and some not until mid afternoon (1429 hrs), thus extending egg deposition to 8 hrs. Delayed laying of the last eggs in a clutch may be an adaptive strategy triggering brood reduction to ensure survival of older and more robust siblings during periods of physiological stress and food shortages. Received 20 March 2007. Accepted 21 February 2011. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Arendt, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Res Stn, HC 2,Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. EM waynearendt@gmail.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 123 IS 3 BP 624 EP 628 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818ZO UT WOS:000294795400025 ER PT J AU Bruns, HA AF Bruns, H. Arnold TI Planting Date, Rate, and Twin-Row vs. Single-Row Soybean in the Mid-South SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; YIELD AB Comparisons were made of single-row vs. twin-row soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production on a Beulah fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Typic Dystrudepts) (BFSL) and Sharkey clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquerts) (SC) in 2009 and 2010 at Stoneville, MS. Seeding rates of 20, 30, 40, and 50 seed m(-2) were planted on beds in 102 cm single rows or 25 cm twin rows with 102 cm centers. Three planting dates, mid-April and mid-May representing the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS) and mid-June common to double-crop soybean were made. Data included plants at growth stage R4 (full pod), nodes and pods plant(-1), yield, seed weight, and seeds m(-2). Twin rows yielded more than single rows on both soils (3.8 Mg ha(-1) vs. 3.6 Mg ha(-1) on BFSL; 4.2 Mg ha(-1) vs. 4.0 Mg ha(-1) on SC). Yields in 2010 were less than 2009 due to drought and heat stress. Delayed planting across row types decreased yields as much as 40% while increasing seeding rates had no effect. Twin rows produced more plants m(-2) than single rows. Differences in nodes plant(-1) were noted but did not affect yield. Pods per plant did not differ between row configurations on either soil. Seeding rates above 30 seeds m-2 did not produce greater yields and above 50 seeds m(-2) on the BFSL produced seed with less weight. Twin-rows generally produced more seeds per m(2) than single rows. Small yield increases and high equipment costs make considering a twin-row planter's usefulness with other crops important before purchasing it for soybean production. C1 ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bruns, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 141 Expt Stn Rd,Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM arnold.bruns@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1313 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0076 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 814UT UT WOS:000294483400002 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Jantalia, CP AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Jantalia, Claudia Pozzi TI Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Irrigated No-Till Corn Production and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CROPPING SYSTEMS; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; NORTHERN COLORADO; SEQUESTRATION; RESIDUE; YIELDS; INTENSITY; ROTATIONS AB Converting to no-till (NT) production can affect N requirements for optimizing corn (Zea mays L.) yields while enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) and N levels. Nitrogen fertilization impacts on irrigated, NT continuous-corn grain, stalk, cob, and stover yields, stover C and N uptake, and C/N ratios were evaluated for 11 yr on a clay loam soil. Changes in SOC and total soil nitrogen (TSN) were also monitored. Grain, stalk, cob, and stover yields increased with increasing N rate, as did N and C uptake. The C/N ratio of stalk residue declined with increasing N rate, but cob C/N ratio was not affected, with an average stover C/N ratio of 68 at the highest N rate. Nitrogen fertilization increased SOC and TSN levels with average SOC and TSN mass rate gains with N application of 0.388, 0.321, and 0.160 Mg SOC ha(-1) yr(-1) and 0.063, 0.091, and 0.140 Mg TSN ha(-1) yr(-1) in the 0-to 7.6-, 0-to 15.2-, and 0-to 30.4-cm soil depths, respectively. The SOC and TSN mass rate changes were lower without N application. Increases in TSN appeared to be more rapid than SOC, resulting in a decline in the soil C/N ratio with time. Under irrigated, NT continuous corn production, N fertilization optimized grain and residue yields, with the enhanced benefit of increased SOC and TSN levels in the semiarid central Great Plains. Removal of cobs or partial stover residue as a cellulosic feedstock for ethanol production appears possible without negative effects on soil quality under irrigated, NT corn production. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jantalia, Claudia Pozzi] Embrapa Agrobiol, BR-23890000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Ste 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1423 EP 1431 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0102 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 814UT UT WOS:000294483400017 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Osborne, SL Lundgren, JG Pikul, JL AF Riedell, Walter E. Osborne, Shannon L. Lundgren, Jon G. Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. TI Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Effects on Soybean Nitrogen Components and Bean Leaf Beetle Populations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; CEROTOMA-TRIFURCATA COLEOPTERA; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CHRYSOMELIDAE LARVAE; FIXATION; YIELD; UREIDE; GROWTH; FIELD; SOIL AB Bean leaf beetle [Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster)] (BLB) larvae consume soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] root nodules. This study was conducted to determine if different rates of N contained in starter fertilizer affect soybean shoot N components and BLB populations. The effects of starter N fertilizer treatments, consisting of 112 kg ha(-1) of 24-16-11 (high-N treatment), 7-16-11 (intermediate-N), or 0-16-11 (no-N) percent elemental N-P-K, on soybean shoot NO(3)-N and ureide-N and on BLB larval and adult abundance and body size were investigated on a Barnes clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludolls) near Brookings, SD. High-N fertilizer increased shoot NO(3)-N from the beginning bloom to beginning pod stage and reduced ureide-N at the full bloom, beginning pod, and beginning seed stages when compared to the intermediate and no N treatments. Fertilizer N treatments had no effects on larval numbers or body size. High-N fertilizer resulted in greater adult emergence (1.73 insects m(-1)) than no N (0.42 insects m(-1)) in the hot and dry 2007 growing season, but not in the cooler and less-dry 2006 growing season. Across both years, adult hind tibia lengths, but not head capsule widths, were greater in insects that emerged from high-N (1.86 mm) and intermediate-N (1.85 mm) compared to no-N (1.79 mm) treatments. High-N starter fertilizer, which altered shoot N components and increased BLB adult numbers and size under hot and dry conditions, may increase BLB populations and intensify the damage caused by this insect pest. C1 [Riedell, Walter E.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Lundgren, Jon G.; Pikul, Joseph L., Jr.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX The authors thank K. Anderson, L. Draper, J. Zebill, M. Pravecek, A. Qualm, and A. Wagner for excellent technical assistance and Drs. M. Catangui, W. French, and L. Hammack for critical review of an earlier version of this manuscript. Mention of commercial or proprietary products does not constitute endorsement by the USDA. The USDA offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, sex, or national origin. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1432 EP 1440 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0113 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 814UT UT WOS:000294483400018 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Torbert, HA AF Watts, Dexter B. Torbert, H. Allen TI Long-Term Tillage and Poultry Litter Impacts on Soybean and Corn Grain Yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP-ROTATION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; COTTON PRODUCTION; BROILER LITTER; COASTAL-PLAIN; ROOT-GROWTH; SOIL; NITROGEN; SEQUENCE; FERTILITY AB Reduced tillage, poultry litter applications, crop rotations, and winter cover cropping are management practices that could be used with conservation tillage systems to increase yields compared to conventional monoculture systems. This study evaluated cropping sequences of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and corn-soybean rotations with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) covers in conventional, strip, and no-tillage (no-till) systems, following poultry litter additions to wheat cover. The study was conducted from 1991 to 2001 on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults). Poultry litter (112 kg N ha(-1)) was applied to wheat each year in fall. Wheat not receiving poultry litter received equivalent inorganic N. Corn was fertilized with inorganic fertilizer in spring with 56 kg N ha(-1) at planting followed by 168 kg N ha(-1) 3 wk aft er emergence; soybean received no fertilizer. Corn yields were influenced by tillage in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 2001 with conventional tillage producing greater yields, except in 1993 (strip tillage) and 2001 (no-till). Poultry litter increased corn yield in 1991, 1997, and 1998. Crop rotations increased corn yield for all years, except 2001. Soybean yields were not impacted by differences in tillage. Crop rotations significantly impacted soybean yield in 1992, 1995, and 1998, with higher yields observed in 1992, and 1995, and lower yields in 1998. Poultry litter significantly increased soybean yield 8 of the 9 yr evaluated. This study suggests that poultry litter use for these crop rotations in conservation tillage systems could increase sustainable yield production. C1 [Watts, Dexter B.; Torbert, H. Allen] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Dexter.Watts@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1479 EP 1486 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0073 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 814UT UT WOS:000294483400023 ER PT J AU Nord, EA Curran, WS Mortensen, DA Mirsky, SB Jones, BP AF Nord, E. A. Curran, W. S. Mortensen, D. A. Mirsky, S. B. Jones, B. P. TI Integrating Multiple Tactics for Managing Weeds in High Residue No-Till Soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COVER CROP MANAGEMENT; CORN PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; RYE; SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; SEEDBANK; GROWTH AB Rolled cover crop mulches can suppress weeds in subsequent cash crops, reduce the need for herbicides, and allow organic no-till cash crop establishment. This study investigated the weed suppressiveness of a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop mulch across varying weed seedbank density. Cereal rye was seeded at two dates in the fall and terminated at five dates in the spring to create biomass ranging from 100 to 1600 g m(-2). The first three termination dates included both herbicide (glyphosate) and rolling of the rye, while later three dates were only rolled. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was no-till planted aft er rye termination, and weed biomass and soybean yield were assessed. Spring termination date more strongly affected cereal rye biomass than fall planting date; a termination delay of 5 to 15 d compensated for a planting delay of 30 d. Weed biomass generally declined with increasing cereal rye biomass, and this relationship was stronger at higher weed seedbank densities. Supplemental weed control reduced weed biomass compared to no supplemental control and postherbicide was more effective than cultivation. While increasing cereal rye biomass was associated with a decline in soybean yield in 2009, it did not consistently impact soybean stand. Instead soybean stand establishment appeared to be impacted by high cover crop biomass and changing edaphic conditions at planting. Future research should focus on improved technology for direct seeding in high residue environments and developing longer term cropping systems less reliant on tillage and herbicides. C1 [Nord, E. A.; Curran, W. S.; Mortensen, D. A.] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mirsky, S. B.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jones, B. P.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Verona, VA 24482 USA. RP Curran, WS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wcurran@psu.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; USDA Northeastern Regional Integrated Pest Management FX The authors acknowledge David Sandy, Steven Kinneer, Dwight Lingenfelter, Ryan Bates, Ashlin Mikolich, and Renae Depierre for their dedication in the field and lab and Scott Harkcom and his staff at the Agronomy farm for all their assistance. The authors also acknowledge the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and the USDA Northeastern Regional Integrated Pest Management competitive grants program for partial financial support of this research. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1542 EP 1551 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0024 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 814UT UT WOS:000294483400030 ER PT J AU Jokela, W Posner, J Hedtcke, J Balser, T Read, H AF Jokela, William Posner, Joshua Hedtcke, Janet Balser, Teri Read, Harry TI Midwest Cropping System Effects on Soil Properties and on a Soil Quality Index SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CATTLE MANURE; SIZE CLASSES AB Cropping systems may improve or decrease soil quality depending on the specific crop rotation, nutrient amendments, and tillage practices employed. We conducted this study to determine the effect of six cropping systems in the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial on soil properties aft er 18 yr of continuous treatments. We sampled soils (0-5 cm and 5-20 cm depths) following the corn (Zea mays L.) year of three grain-based systems (continuous corn and two grain rotations), aft er both corn and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in two forage-based systems (organic and conventional), and in grass-legume pasture. Extractable P and K, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total N, active soil C, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), water-stable aggregates (WSA), bulk density (BD), penetrometer resistance, and total microbial biomass (TMB) were measured, and the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) soil quality index (SQI) was determined. The pasture (0-5 cm) was significantly better than all other systems in almost all soil quality indicators and had the highest SQI (96 vs. mean of 87 for others). The alfalfa-based systems had more total N, TOC, active C, PMN, and WSA and higher BD in one or both depths than did the grain-based systems but SQIs were not different. Among the grain systems, there was less variation and few significant differences were observed. While there were significant differences among systems for most soil properties, a SQI based on a composite of seven soil properties, showed few differences on this well managed, productive, prairie-derived soil. C1 [Jokela, William] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Posner, Joshua; Hedtcke, Janet] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Balser, Teri; Read, Harry] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jokela, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 2615 E 29th St, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM bill.jokela@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1552 EP 1562 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0454 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 814UT UT WOS:000294483400031 ER PT J AU Miller, AJ Gross, BL AF Miller, Allison J. Gross, Briana L. TI FROM FOREST TO FIELD: PERENNIAL FRUIT CROP DOMESTICATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE artificial selection; clonal propagation; crop evolution; domestication; genetic bottleneck; perennial plants ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BEAN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; OLEA-EUROPAEA L.; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PRUNUS-ARMENIACA L.; CUCURBITA-PEPO CUCURBITACEAE; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB Premise of the study: Archaeological and genetic analyses of seed-propagated annual crops have greatly advanced our understanding of plant domestication and evolution. Comparatively little is known about perennial plant domestication, a relevant topic for understanding how genes and genomes evolve in long-lived species, and how perennials respond to selection pressures operating on a relatively short time scale. Here, we focus on long-lived perennial crops (mainly trees and other woody plants) grown for their fruits. Key results: We reviewed (1) the basic biology of long-lived perennials, setting the stage for perennial domestication by considering how these species evolve in nature; (2) the suite of morphological features associated with perennial fruit crops undergoing domestication; (3) the origins and evolution of domesticated perennials grown for their fruits; and (4) the genetic basis of domestication in perennial fruit crops. Conclusions: Long-lived perennials have lengthy juvenile phases, extensive outcrossing, widespread hybridization, and limited population structure. Under domestication, these features, combined with clonal propagation, multiple origins, and ongoing crop-wild gene flow, contribute to mild domestication bottlenecks in perennial fruit crops. Morphological changes under domestication have many parallels to annual crops, but with key differences for mating system evolution and mode of reproduction. Quantitative trait loci associated with domestication traits in perennials are mainly of minor effect and may not be stable across years. Future studies that take advantage of genomic approaches and consider demographic history will elucidate the genetics of agriculturally and ecologically important traits in perennial fruit crops and their wild relatives. C1 [Miller, Allison J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Gross, Briana L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resource Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, 3507 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM amille75@slu.edu NR 320 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 76 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 98 IS 9 BP 1389 EP 1414 DI 10.3732/ajb.1000522 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 817LG UT WOS:000294673600011 PM 21865506 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ De la Cruz, L Vidal, VA Ron, J Taba, S Santacruz-Ruvalcaba, F Sood, S Holland, JB Ruiz, JA Carvajal, S Aragon, F Chavez, VH Morales, MM Barba-Gonzalez, R AF Sanchez G, J. J. De la Cruz L, L. Vidal M, V. A. Ron P, J. Taba, S. Santacruz-Ruvalcaba, F. Sood, S. Holland, J. B. Ruiz C, J. A. Carvajal, S. Aragon C, F. Chavez T, V. H. Morales R, M. M. Barba-Gonzalez, R. TI THREE NEW TEOSINTES (ZEA SPP., POACEAE) FROM MEXICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE maize; Poaceae; teosinte; Zea ID MAYS SSP MEXICANA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MAIZE IMPROVEMENT; GRAMINEAE; GERMPLASM; CLASSIFICATION; INTROGRESSION; DIPLOPERENNIS; SELECTION; TAXONOMY AB Premise of the study : Teosinte species are the closest relatives of maize and represent an important but increasingly rare genetic resource for maize improvement and the study of evolution by domestication. Three morphologically and ecologically distinct teosinte populations were recently discovered in Mexico. The taxonomic status of these rare and endangered populations was investigated by detailed comparisons to previously characterized wild Zea species. Methods : Three new teosinte populations were compared to known teosinte taxa on the basis of morphological, ecogeographic, cytological, and molecular characteristics. Phenetic and phylogenetic analyses were performed using morphological and molecular data, respectively. Key results : The newly discovered populations are distinct from each other and from other Zea species to represent three new entities based on their unique combinations of morphological, ecological, ploidy, and DNA markers. A perennial diploid population from Nayarit is distinguished by early maturing plants, and having male inflorescences with few tassel branches and long spikelets. A perennial tetraploid population from Michoacan is characterized by tall and late maturing plants, and having male inflorescences with many branches. An annual diploid population from Oaxaca is characterized by having male inflorescences with fewer branches and longer spikelets than those found in the sister taxa Z. luxurians and Z. nicaraguensis, plants with high thermal requirements, and very long seed dormancy. Conclusions : Evidence from multiple independent sources suggests placement of the three new populations of teosinte as distinct entities within section Luxuriantes of the genus Zea. However, more extensive DNA marker or sequence data are required to resolve the taxonomy of this genus. C1 [Sanchez G, J. J.; De la Cruz L, L.; Ron P, J.; Santacruz-Ruvalcaba, F.; Carvajal, S.; Morales R, M. M.] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. [Taba, S.; Chavez T, V. H.] CIMMYT, Unidad Recursos Genet, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Vidal M, V. A.; Ruiz C, J. A.; Aragon C, F.] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Guadalajara 44660, Jalisco, Mexico. [Sood, S.; Holland, J. B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Barba-Gonzalez, R.] Ctr Invest & Asistencia Tecnol & Diseno Estado Ja, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Km 15-5 Carretera Guadalajara Nogales, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. EM jjsanche@cucba.udg.mx RI Barba-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/B-8150-2008; OI Barba-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/0000-0001-9336-090X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU United States National Science Foundation [IOS-0820619] FX The authors thank the Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) for their support of collection missions during 2007 and 2008, Dr. Filiberto Herrera Cedano for helping relocate the teosinte at Huajicori, and IBUG (Instituto de Botanica, Universidad de Guadalajara Herbarium) staff for help during the description process. Support for SSR analysis was from a United States National Science Foundation grant IOS-0820619 (Principal Investigator Dr. Edward Buckler). NR 62 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 98 IS 9 BP 1537 EP 1548 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100193 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 817LG UT WOS:000294673600022 PM 21875968 ER PT J AU Kubo, Y Rooney, AP Tsukakoshi, Y Nakagawa, R Hasegawa, H Kimura, K AF Kubo, Yuji Rooney, Alejandro P. Tsukakoshi, Yoshiki Nakagawa, Rikio Hasegawa, Hiromasa Kimura, Keitarou TI Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Strains Applicable to Natto (Fermented Soybean) Production SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLY-GAMMA-GLUTAMATE; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; ACID PRODUCTION; IS4BSU1; GENOME; SOFTWARE; GENETICS; BACTERIA; SYSTEM; FAMILY AB Spore-forming Bacillus strains that produce extracellular poly-gamma-glutamic acid were screened for their application to natto (fermented soybean food) fermentation. Among the 424 strains, including Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens, which we isolated from rice straw, 59 were capable of fermenting natto. Biotin auxotrophism was tightly linked to natto fermentation. A multilocus nucleotide sequence of six genes (rpoB, purH, gyrA, groEL, polC, and 16S rRNA) was used for phylogenetic analysis, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was also conducted on the natto-fermenting strains. The ability to ferment natto was inferred from the two principal components of the AFLP banding pattern, and natto-fermenting strains formed a tight cluster within the B. subtilis subsp. subtilis group. C1 [Tsukakoshi, Yoshiki; Kimura, Keitarou] Natl Food Res Inst, Div Appl Microbiol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Kubo, Yuji; Nakagawa, Rikio; Hasegawa, Hiromasa] Ind Technol Inst Ibaraki Prefecture, Ibaraki 3113195, Japan. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kimura, K (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Div Appl Microbiol, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM keitarou@affrc.go.jp RI Kimura, Keitarou/B-1589-2010 FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries and the Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 77 IS 18 BP 6463 EP 6469 DI 10.1128/AEM.00448-11 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 817RJ UT WOS:000294691400018 PM 21764950 ER PT J AU Zhou, LJ Powell, CA Hoffman, MT Li, WB Fan, GC Liu, B Lin, H Duan, YP AF Zhou, Lijuan Powell, Charles A. Hoffman, Michele T. Li, Wenbin Fan, Guocheng Liu, Bo Lin, Hong Duan, Yongping TI Diversity and Plasticity of the Intracellular Plant Pathogen and Insect Symbiont "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" as Revealed by Hypervariable Prophage Genes with Intragenic Tandem Repeats SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; ALPHA C PROTEIN; REAL-TIME PCR; GREENING DISEASE; DODDER TRANSMISSION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; XANTHOMONAS-CITRI; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; AMPLIFICATION AB "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" is a psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited alphaproteobacterium and the most prevalent species of "Ca. Liberibacter" associated with a devastating worldwide citrus disease known as huanglongbing (HLB). Two related and hypervariable genes (hyv(I) and hyv(II)) were identified in the prophage regions of the Psy62 "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" genome. Sequence analyses of the hyv(I) and hyv(II) genes in 35 "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" DNA isolates collected globally revealed that the hyv(I) gene contains up to 12 nearly identical tandem repeats (NITRs, 132 bp) and 4 partial repeats, while hyv(II) contains up to 2 NITRs and 4 partial repeats and shares homology with hyv(I). Frequent deletions or insertions of these repeats within the hyv(I) and hyv(II) genes were observed, none of which disrupted the open reading frames. Sequence conservation within the individual repeats but an extensive variation in repeat numbers, rearrangement, and the sequences flanking the repeat region indicate the diversity and plasticity of "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" bacterial populations in the world. These differences were found not only in samples of distinct geographical origins but also in samples from a single origin and even from a single "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus"-infected sample. This is the first evidence of different "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" populations coexisting in a single HLB-affected sample. The Florida "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" isolates contain both hyv(I) and hyv(II), while all other global "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" isolates contain either one or the other. Interclade assignments of the putative Hyv(I) and Hyv(II) proteins from Florida isolates with other global isolates in phylogenetic trees imply multiple "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" populations in the world and a multisource introduction of the "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" bacterium into Florida. C1 [Hoffman, Michele T.; Duan, Yongping] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Zhou, Lijuan; Powell, Charles A.] Univ Florida, IFAS IRREC, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Li, Wenbin] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST NPGBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fan, Guocheng; Liu, Bo] Fujian Acad Agr Sci, Citrus Huanglongbing Res Ctr, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93658 USA. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS USHRL, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program [162, 310] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program awards 162 and 310. NR 57 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 77 IS 18 BP 6663 EP 6673 DI 10.1128/AEM.05111-11 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 817RJ UT WOS:000294691400042 PM 21784907 ER PT J AU Durso, LM Gilley, JE Marx, DB Woodbury, BL AF Durso, Lisa M. Gilley, John E. Marx, David B. Woodbury, Bryan L. TI Effects of Animal Diet, Manure Application Rate, and Tillage on Transport of Microorganisms from Manure-Amended Fields SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WET DISTILLERS GRAINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; ODORANT PRODUCTION; PLOT-SCALE; SOLUBLES; PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF AB Manure from cattle fed distillers' grain or corn diets was applied to fields, and the fields were subjected to rainfall simulation tests. Manure was added at three rates on till and no-till plots. Correlations between microbial transport and runoff characteristics were identified. Results indicate that diet affects phage but not bacterial transport from manure-amended fields. C1 [Durso, Lisa M.; Gilley, John E.] ARS, USDA, AMRU, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Woodbury, Bryan L.] ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Marx, David B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Durso, LM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, AMRU, 121 Keim Hall,UNL E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lisa.durso@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS FX This work was funded by USDA ARS National Program 206, manure and by-product utilization. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 77 IS 18 BP 6715 EP 6717 DI 10.1128/AEM.02995-10 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 817RJ UT WOS:000294691400052 PM 21803913 ER PT J AU Kovalev, V Wold, C Petkov, A Hao, WM AF Kovalev, Vladimir Wold, Cyle Petkov, Alexander Hao, Wei Min TI Modified technique for processing multiangle lidar data measured in clear and moderately polluted atmospheres SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION-COEFFICIENT; BACKSCATTER; INVERSION; ALGORITHM; SLOPE; AEROSOL AB We present a modified technique for processing multiangle lidar data that is applicable for relatively clear atmospheres, where the utilization of the conventional Kano-Hamilton method meets significant issues. Our retrieval algorithm allows computing the two-way transmission and the corresponding extinction-coefficient profile in any slope direction searched during scanning. These parameters are obtained from the backscatter term of the Kano-Hamilton solution and the corresponding square-range-corrected signal; the second component of the solution, related with the vertical optical depth, is completely excluded from consideration. The inversion technique was used to process experimental data obtained with the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory lidar. Simulated and real experimental data are presented that illustrate the essentials of the data-processing technique and possible variants of the extinction-coefficient profile retrieval. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Kovalev, Vladimir; Wold, Cyle; Petkov, Alexander; Hao, Wei Min] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Kovalev, V (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM vkovalev@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 25 BP 4957 EP 4966 DI 10.1364/AO.50.004957 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 814VS UT WOS:000294485900039 ER PT J AU Braun, LC Gillman, JH Hoover, EE Russelle, MP AF Braun, Lois C. Gillman, Jeffrey H. Hoover, Emily E. Russelle, Michael P. TI Nitrogen fertilization for young established hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the United States of America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corylus; filbert; leaf analysis; nutrient recommendations ID APPLE-TREES; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS AB Braun, L. C., Gillman, J. H., Hoover, E. E. and Russelle, M. P. 2011. Nitrogen fertilization for young established hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the USA. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 907-918. Hybrids of Corylus avellana, C. americana and C. corn urn are proposed as a new crop for the Upper Midwest. Anecdotal information from midwestern growers suggests that these hybrid hazelnuts have high N requirements, but this has not been confirmed in replicated trials. Current nitrogen (N) recommendations for hazelnut production are based on research from the Pacific Northwest and may not be applicable to these hybrids in the Upper Midwest due to differing soils, climate, genetics, and growing systems. Three years of N rate trials on four plantings, that were 3 to 6 yr old at the start, showed that N responses of hybrid hazelnuts fit patterns for other woody crops: no N responses were found on soils with high organic matter, nor on soils with suspected P or K deficiencies. Where N responses were observed, they suggested that the N requirements of hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest are relatively low compared with those of European hazelnuts in the Pacific Northwest. Leaf N concentrations were within the expected ranges established for European hazelnuts in Oregon, suggesting that Oregon's standards may be applied to hybrid hazelnuts, except that 2.2% leaf N should be considered adequate, rather than a threshold to sufficiency. C1 [Braun, Lois C.; Gillman, Jeffrey H.; Hoover, Emily E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gillman, JH (reprint author), 305 Alderman Hall,1970 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gillm003@tc.umn.edu FU North Central Region SARE; Land Institute; University of Minnesota FX We appreciate funding from North Central Region SARE, The Land Institute's Natural Systems Agriculture Fellowship Program, and from the University of Minnesota's Southeast Regional Partnership and Grant-in-Aid programs. We also thank Roy and Teresa Cerling, and Dennis and Mary Gibson for use of their hazelnut plantings and for their help in the field. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 91 IS 5 BP 907 EP 918 DI 10.4141/CJPS2011-016 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 818IY UT WOS:000294746600011 ER PT J AU Kanoni, S Nettleton, JA Hivert, MF Ye, Z van Rooij, FJA Shungin, D Sonestedt, E Ngwa, JS Wojczynski, MK Lemaitre, RN Gustafsson, S Anderson, JS Tanaka, T Hindy, G Saylor, G Renstrom, F Bennett, AJ van Duijn, CM Florez, JC Fox, CS Hofman, A Hoogeveen, RC Houston, DK Hu, FB Jacques, PF Johansson, I Lind, L Liu, YM McKeown, N Ordovas, J Pankow, JS Sijbrands, EJG Syvanen, AC Uitterlinden, AG Yannakoulia, M Zillikens, MC Wareham, NJ Prokopenko, I Bandinelli, S Forouhi, NG Cupples, LA Loos, RJ Hallmans, G Dupuis, J Langenberg, C Ferrucci, L Kritchevsky, SB McCarthy, MI Ingelsson, E Borecki, IB Witteman, JCM Orho-Melander, M Siscovick, DS Meigs, JB Franks, PW Dedoussis, GV AF Kanoni, Stavroula Nettleton, Jennifer A. Hivert, Marie-France Ye, Zheng van Rooij, Frank J. A. Shungin, Dmitry Sonestedt, Emily Ngwa, Julius S. Wojczynski, Mary K. Lemaitre, Rozenn N. Gustafsson, Stefan Anderson, Jennifer S. Tanaka, Toshiko Hindy, George Saylor, Georgia Renstrom, Frida Bennett, Amanda J. van Duijn, Cornelia M. Florez, Jose C. Fox, Caroline S. Hofman, Albert Hoogeveen, Ron C. Houston, Denise K. Hu, Frank B. Jacques, Paul F. Johansson, Ingegerd Lind, Lars Liu, Yongmei McKeown, Nicola Ordovas, Jose Pankow, James S. Sijbrands, Eric J. G. Syvanen, Ann-Christine Uitterlinden, Andre G. Yannakoulia, Mary Zillikens, M. Carola Wareham, Nick J. Prokopenko, Inga Bandinelli, Stefania Forouhi, Nita G. Cupples, L. Adrienne Loos, Ruth J. Hallmans, Goran Dupuis, Josee Langenberg, Claudia Ferrucci, Luigi Kritchevsky, Stephen B. McCarthy, Mark I. Ingelsson, Erik Borecki, Ingrid B. Witteman, Jacqueline C. M. Orho-Melander, Marju Siscovick, David S. Meigs, James B. Franks, Paul W. Dedoussis, George V. CA MAGIC Investigators TI Total Zinc Intake May Modify the Glucose-Raising Effect of a Zinc Transporter (SLC30A8) Variant A 14-Cohort Meta-analysis SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; RISK LOCI; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CELL-FUNCTION; HOMEOSTASIS; SUPPLEMENTATION; ZNT8; POLYMORPHISMS; EXPRESSION AB OBJECTIVE-Many genetic variants have been associated with glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is important for beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that zinc intake could influence the glucose-raising effect of specific variants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We conducted a 14-cohort meta-analysis to assess the interaction of 20 genetic variants known to be related to glycemic traits and zinc metabolism with dietary zinc intake (food sources) and a 5-cohort meta-analysis to assess the interaction with total zinc intake (food sources and supplements) on fasting glucose levels among individuals of European ancestry without diabetes. RESULTS-We observed a significant association of total zinc intake with lower fasting glucose levels (beta-coefficient +/- SE per 1 mg/day of zinc intake: -0.0012 +/- 0.0003 mmol/L, summary P value = 0.0003), while the association of dietary zinc intake was not significant. We identified a nominally significant interaction between total zinc intake and the SLC30A8 rs11558471 variant on fasting glucose levels (beta-coefficient +/- SE per A allele for 1 mg/day of greater total zinc intake: -0.0017 +/- 0.0006 mmol/L, summary interaction P value = 0.005); this result suggests a stronger inverse association between total zinc intake and fasting glucose in individuals carrying the glucose-raising A allele compared with individuals who do not carry it. None of the other interaction tests were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher total zinc intake may attenuate the glucose-raising effect of the rs11558471 SLC30A8 (zinc transporter) variant. Our findings also support evidence for the association of higher total zinc intake with lower fasting glucose levels. Diabetes 60:2407-2416, 2011 C1 [Kanoni, Stavroula; Yannakoulia, Mary; Dedoussis, George V.] Harokopio Univ, Dept Nutr Dietet, Athens, Greece. [Kanoni, Stavroula] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, England. [Nettleton, Jennifer A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Epidemiol Htunan Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Hivert, Marie-France] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Ye, Zheng; Wareham, Nick J.; Forouhi, Nita G.; Loos, Ruth J.; Langenberg, Claudia] Addenbrookes Hosp, MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge, England. [van Rooij, Frank J. A.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Hofman, Albert; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Rooij, Frank J. A.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Hofman, Albert; Sijbrands, Eric J. G.; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.] NGI NCHA, Leiden, Netherlands. [Shungin, Dmitry; Renstrom, Frida; Hallmans, Goran; Franks, Paul W.] Umea Univ Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Med Sect, Genet Epidemiol & Clin Res Grp, S-90185 Umea, Sweden. [Shungin, Dmitry; Sonestedt, Emily; Hindy, George; Renstrom, Frida; Orho-Melander, Marju; Franks, Paul W.] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden. [Shungin, Dmitry; Johansson, Ingegerd] Umea Univ, Dept Odontol, Umea, Sweden. [Ngwa, Julius S.; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Dupuis, Josee] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Wojczynski, Mary K.; Borecki, Ingrid B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Lemaitre, Rozenn N.; Siscovick, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gustafsson, Stefan; Ingelsson, Erik] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. [Anderson, Jennifer S.; Saylor, Georgia] Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Tanaka, Toshiko; Ferrucci, Luigi] NIA, Clin Res Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Renstrom, Frida; Hu, Frank B.; Franks, Paul W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bennett, Amanda J.; Prokopenko, Inga; McCarthy, Mark I.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford, England. [Florez, Jose C.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Diabet Unit, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Florez, Jose C.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Diabet Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Florez, Jose C.] Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA. [Florez, Jose C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Fox, Caroline S.; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Dupuis, Josee] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Hypertens, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hoogeveen, Ron C.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Sect Atherosclerosis & Vasc Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hoogeveen, Ron C.] Methodist DeBakey Heart Ctr, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Houston, TX USA. [Houston, Denise K.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Gerontol & Geriatr Med,Sticht Ctr Aging, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.; McKeown, Nicola] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lind, Lars; Syvanen, Ann-Christine] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Liu, Yongmei] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC USA. [McKeown, Nicola] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pankow, James S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Sijbrands, Eric J. G.; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; Zillikens, M. Carola] Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Prokopenko, Inga; McCarthy, Mark I.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. [Bandinelli, Stefania] Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Geriatr Unit, Florence, Italy. [McCarthy, Mark I.] Churchill Hosp, Oxford Natl Inst Hlth Res, Biomed Res Ctr, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Diabet Res Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kanoni, S (reprint author), Harokopio Univ, Dept Nutr Dietet, Athens, Greece. EM stavroula.kanoni@sanger.ac.uk; paul.franks@med.lu.se; dedousi@hua.gr RI Prokopenko, Inga/H-3241-2014; Sonestedt, Emily/I-3814-2016; Hindy, George/H-1864-2016; OI Prokopenko, Inga/0000-0003-1624-7457; Sonestedt, Emily/0000-0002-0747-4562; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Shungin, Dmitry/0000-0001-7900-5856; Hindy, George/0000-0002-7257-9299; Sijbrands, Eric/0000-0001-8857-7389; Dupuis, Josee/0000-0003-2871-3603; Kritchevsky, Stephen/0000-0003-3336-6781; Forouhi, Nita/0000-0002-5041-248X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U106188470, G0701863, MC_U106179471, MC_UP_A100_1003]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL087700]; Wellcome Trust [090532] NR 48 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD SEP PY 2011 VL 60 IS 9 BP 2407 EP 2416 DI 10.2337/db11-0176 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 817TN UT WOS:000294699600024 PM 21810599 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB AF Bradford, John B. TI Divergence in Forest-Type Response to Climate and Weather: Evidence for Regional Links Between Forest-Type Evenness and Net Primary Productivity SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE net primary productivity; climate change; biodiversity; ecosystem function; regional analysis; remote sensing; land management ID COMPARING GLOBAL-MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; PLANT DIVERSITY; RADIAL GROWTH; COMPETITIVE COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; CARBON STORAGE AB Climate change is altering long-term climatic conditions and increasing the magnitude of weather fluctuations. Assessing the consequences of these changes for terrestrial ecosystems requires understanding how different vegetation types respond to climate and weather. This study examined 20 years of regional-scale remotely sensed net primary productivity (NPP) in forests of the northern Lake States to identify how the relationship between NPP and climate or weather differ among forest types, and if NPP patterns are influenced by landscape-scale evenness of forest-type abundance. These results underscore the positive relationship between temperature and NPP. Importantly, these results indicate significant differences among broadly defined forest types in response to both climate and weather. Essentially all weather variables that were strongly related to annual NPP displayed significant differences among forest types, suggesting complementarity in response to environmental fluctuations. In addition, this study found that forest-type evenness (within 8 x 8 km(2) areas) is positively related to long-term NPP mean and negatively related to NPP variability, suggesting that NPP in pixels with greater forest-type evenness is both higher and more stable through time. This is landscape- to subcontinental-scale evidence of a relationship between primary productivity and one measure of biological diversity. These results imply that anthropogenic or natural processes that influence the proportional abundance of forest types within landscapes may influence long-term productivity patterns. C1 [Bradford, John B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 NR 77 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP 975 EP 986 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9460-8 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817OI UT WOS:000294683300009 ER PT J AU Scheller, RM Van Tuyl, S Clark, KL Hom, J La Puma, I AF Scheller, Robert M. Van Tuyl, Steve Clark, Kenneth L. Hom, John La Puma, Inga TI Carbon Sequestration in the New Jersey Pine Barrens Under Different Scenarios of Fire Management SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE CENTURY; net ecosystem exchange; New Jersey Pine Barrens; fire emissions; fire management; soil organic carbon; eddy flux tower; LANDIS-II ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; GYPSY-MOTH; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; REDUCTION; STORAGE; USA; DISTURBANCE AB The New Jersey Pine Barrens (NJPB) is the largest forested area along the northeastern coast of the United States. The NJPB are dominated by pine (Pinus spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.) stands that are fragmented and subject to frequent disturbance and forest management. Over long time periods (> 50 years), the balance between oak and pine dominance is determined by fire frequency. As a consequence, the ability of the NJPB to sequester carbon may be contingent upon management activities as well as patterns of historic land use. We simulated 100 years of carbon change using three scenarios: (1) contemporary management as reflected in the recent (1991-2006) fire records, (2) an increase in the fire ignitions within the wildland urban interface areas of the NJPB reflecting increased prescribed fires, and (3) a longer response time to wildfires, reflecting a more liberal burning policy by the New Jersey Forest Fire Service. We used the LANDIS-II model coupled with CENTURY and the Dynamic Fire and Dynamic Biomass Fuels extensions to estimate forest carbon sequestration based on these three scenarios. Calibration and validation via comparison to monthly flux tower data indicated that the model reasonably captured the timing and magnitude of net ecosystem exchange in the absence of Gypsy moth defoliation (r (2) = 0.89). Under all scenarios, our simulations suggest that forests of the NJPB will continue to accumulate carbon over the next 100 years under current climatic conditions. Although aboveground net primary productivity, live carbon, and detrital carbon were roughly constant or increased only modestly, soil organic carbon continued to increase through time for all forest types except the highly xeric pine plains. Our simulated changes in management reflected only minor alterations to the fire regime and thus management may have only minor effects on total forest carbon budgets in the immediate future particularly when compared to recovery from historic disturbance patterns. C1 [Scheller, Robert M.] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Van Tuyl, Steve; Hom, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Clark, Kenneth L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [La Puma, Inga] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, New Brunswick, NJ 08873 USA. RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM rmschell@pdx.edu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009; Van Tuyl, Steven/E-2814-2014 OI Van Tuyl, Steven/0000-0002-8752-272X FU US Forest Service [NE-F-08-01]; National Fire Plan; Eastern Landfire Protoype FX The US Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring program (NE-F-08-01), National Fire Plan, and the Eastern Landfire Protoype has generously funded aspects of this research. Melissa Lucash and Jonathan Thompson provided a critical review of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP 987 EP 1004 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9462-6 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817OI UT WOS:000294683300010 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Prasad, AM Matthews, SN Peters, MP AF Iverson, Louis R. Prasad, Anantha M. Matthews, Stephen N. Peters, Matthew P. TI Lessons Learned While Integrating Habitat, Dispersal, Disturbance, and Life-History Traits into Species Habitat Models Under Climate Change SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE climate change; eastern United States; randomForest; statistical modeling; migration; trees; birds; DISTRIB; SHIFT; ModFacs ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN CHINA; CHANGE SCENARIOS; PLANT MIGRATION; RANDOM FORESTS; CHANGE IMPACTS; RANGE SHIFTS; TREE; VEGETATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We present an approach to modeling potential climate-driven changes in habitat for tree and bird species in the eastern United States. First, we took an empirical-statistical modeling approach, using randomForest, with species abundance data from national inventories combined with soil, climate, and landscape variables, to build abundance-based habitat models for 134 tree and 147 bird species. We produced lists of species for which suitable habitat tends to increase, decrease, or stay the same for any region. Independent assessments of trends of large trees versus seedlings across the eastern U.S. show that 37 of 40 species in common under both studies are currently trending as modeled. We developed a framework, ModFacs, in which we used the literature to assign default modification factor scores for species characteristics that cannot be readily assessed in such models, including 12 disturbance factors (for example, drought, fire, insect pests), nine biological factors (for example, dispersal, shade tolerance), and assessment scores of novel climates, long-distance extrapolations, and output variability by climate model and emission scenario. We also used a spatially explicit cellular model, SHIFT, to calculate colonization potentials for some species, based on their abundance, historic dispersal distances, and the fragmented nature of the landscape. By combining results from the three efforts, we can create projections of potential climate change impacts over the next 100 years or so. Here we emphasize some of the lessons we have learned over 16 years in hopes that they may help guide future experiments, modeling efforts, and management. C1 [Iverson, Louis R.; Prasad, Anantha M.; Matthews, Stephen N.; Peters, Matthew P.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Matthews, Stephen N.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM liverson@fs.fed.us RI Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X FU U.S. Forest Service FX The authors are grateful to a great number of associates, users, critics, supporters, and reviewers over the years for their help in making this work possible. Funding support has primarily been through the U.S. Forest Service's Northern Global Change Program. Special thanks to Janet Franklin, Matthew Fitzpatrick, Susan Wright, Susan Stout, and two anonymous reviewers for their reviews. NR 104 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 86 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1020 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9456-4 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817OI UT WOS:000294683300011 ER PT J AU Wirthner, S Frey, B Busse, MD Schutz, M Risch, AC AF Wirthner, Sven Frey, Beat Busse, Matt D. Schuetz, Martin Risch, Anita C. TI Effects of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) rooting on the bacterial community structure in mixed-hardwood forest soils in Switzerland SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioturbation; Rooting; Soil nutrients; Microorganisms; Temperate forest ID LEVEL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILES; PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY-ACIDS; ORGANIC-MATTER REMOVAL; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; VEGETATION CONTROL; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; MOUNTAIN FOREST; BOREAL FORESTS; PINE FOREST; FERAL PIGS AB Soil disturbances are known to influence the soil bacterial community structure and therefore have the potential to affect forest ecosystem functioning and productivity. Whereas most studies have focused on how disturbances originating from forest management practices alter these communities, almost nothing is known about the effects of biotic natural disturbances, especially the ones caused by large animals. Our goal was to determine how European wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) affect soil microbial biomass carbon and bacterial community structure by rooting (grubbing) in the soil when searching for food. We sampled microbial biomass carbon immediately and 24 months after the rooting event and determined bacterial community structure immediately, 11, 14 and 18 months after rooting on paired rooted and non-rooted study plots in four hardwood forest stands. In addition, we measured plant available total nitrogen, soil moisture and soil temperatures for each sampling interval. Wild boar rooting had no significant effect on microbial biomass carbon or soil bacterial community structure, diversity, richness and evenness. However, we found that the bacterial community structure varied significantly with the sampling date. Correlations between bacterial community structure and different environmental parameters, namely plant available total nitrogen, soil moisture, and soil temperature were found to be responsible for these seasonal differences. Thus, seasonal changes in bacterial community structure seem to override rooting effects of wild boars at our study sites. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Wirthner, Sven; Frey, Beat; Schuetz, Martin; Risch, Anita C.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Busse, Matt D.] USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Wirthner, S (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM sven.wirthner@wsl.ch RI Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012 OI Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336 FU Swiss National Forest Inventory FX We thank Dieter Trummer and Manuel Lingg for their help with establishing the fences and for the help during field work. We are grateful to Verena Hechinger, Daniela Steiner and Alice Ratcliff for their help with analyzing the soil samples in the laboratory. Our thanks also go to the local foresters and hunting organizations for their support of our study and for granting access to their lands. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. The present study was conducted in compliance with the current laws of Switzerland. This project was funded by the Vegetation and Soil sub-project of the Swiss National Forest Inventory. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 47 IS 5 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2011.07.003 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 817SG UT WOS:000294694700004 ER PT J AU Daetwyler, HD Wiggans, GR Hayes, BJ Woolliams, JA Goddard, ME AF Daetwyler, Hans D. Wiggans, George R. Hayes, Ben J. Woolliams, John A. Goddard, Mike E. TI Imputation of Missing Genotypes From Sparse to High Density Using Long-Range Phasing SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; HAPLOTYPE IMPUTATION; MARKER MAPS; ACCURACY; GENOME; PEDIGREES; INFERENCE; SELECTION; POPULATIONS; DESCENT AB Related individuals share potentially long chromosome segments that trace to a common ancestor. We describe a phasing algorithm (ChromoPhase) that utilizes this characteristic of finite populations to phase large sections of a chromosome. In addition to phasing, our method imputes missing genotypes in individuals genotyped at lower marker density when more densely genotyped relatives are available. ChromoPhase uses a pedigree to collect an individual's (the proband) surrogate parents and offspring and uses genotypic similarity to identify its genomic surrogates. The algorithm then cycles through the relatives and genomic surrogates one at a time to find shared chromosome segments. Once a segment has been identified, any missing information in the proband is filled in with information from the relative. We tested ChromoPhase in a simulated population consisting of 400 individuals at a marker density of 1500/M, which is approximately equivalent to a 50K bovine single nucleotide polymorphism chip. In simulated data, 99.9% loci were correctly phased and, when imputing from 100 to 1500 markers, more than 87% of missing genotypes were correctly imputed. Performance increased when the number of generations available in the pedigree increased, but was reduced when the sparse genotype contained fewer loci. However, in simulated data, ChromoPhase correctly imputed at least 12% more genotypes than fastPHASE, depending on sparse marker density. We also tested the algorithm in a real Holstein cattle data set to impute 50K genotypes in animals with a sparse 3K genotype. In these data 92% of genotypes were correctly imputed in animals with a genotyped sire. We evaluated the accuracy of genomic predictions with the dense, sparse, and imputed simulated data sets and show that the reduction in genomic evaluation accuracy is modest even with imperfectly imputed genotype data. Our results demonstrate that imputation of missing genotypes, and potentially full genome sequence, using long-range phasing is feasible. C1 [Daetwyler, Hans D.; Goddard, Mike E.] Dept Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Daetwyler, Hans D.; Woolliams, John A.] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [Daetwyler, Hans D.; Woolliams, John A.] Univ Edinburgh, R D SVS, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [Daetwyler, Hans D.] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. [Wiggans, George R.; Hayes, Ben J.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Goddard, Mike E.] Univ Melbourne, Fac Land & Environm, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Daetwyler, HD (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, 1 Pk Dr, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. EM hans.daetwyler@dpi.vic.gov.au RI Hayes, Ben/L-3308-2016; OI Hayes, Ben/0000-0002-5606-3970; Goddard, Michael/0000-0001-9917-7946; Daetwyler, Hans D/0000-0002-3018-3640 FU SABRETRAIN; European Commission FX The authors thank Phil Bowman for providing a Holstein pedigree and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. H.D.D. was in part supported by the SABRETRAIN Project, which is funded by the Marie Curie Host Fellowships for Early Stage Research Training, as part of the 6th Framework Program of the European Commission. The software is available by request from the corresponding author. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2011 VL 189 IS 1 BP 317 EP U1028 DI 10.1534/genetics.111.128082 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 818AQ UT WOS:000294721600024 PM 21705746 ER PT J AU Kindiger, B Conley, T Keith-Stanley, G Cai, HW AF Kindiger, Bryan Conley, Terry Keith-Stanley, Gideon Cai, Hongwei TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the grass Poa arachnifera Torr SO GRASSLAND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; Poa; simple sequence repeat ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; SSR MARKERS; AFLP; PCR; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; BLUEGRASS; COMPLEX AB Microsatellite markers represent a proven class of genetic markers that have wide use in a variety of plant genetic studies and exhibit several advantages when compared to other DNA-based marker systems. Because of their successful use for genetic analysis in a number of plant species, their generation and availability in the genus Poa (Poaceae) would be advantageous for a multitude of Poa improvement, selection or marker-assisted breeding endeavors. However, due to the cost of their development, few microsatellite markers are available for Poa. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of 46 informative microsatellite primer pairs from an unenriched Poa arachnifera Torrey (Texas bluegrass) genomic library. Most of the microsatellite primer pairs amplify a single amplification product and were found to be useful across seven other Poa species. The availability of these informative microsatellite markers should serve a valuable role in the analysis and construction of genetic linkage maps and future marker assisted selection projects. C1 [Kindiger, Bryan] USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Conley, Terry; Keith-Stanley, Gideon] Oklahoma City Univ, Dept Biol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Cai, Hongwei] Forage Crop Res Inst, Japan Grassland Farming & Forage Seed Assoc, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan. RP Kindiger, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM bryan.kindiger@ars.usda.gov OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-6961 J9 GRASSL SCI JI Grassl. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 57 IS 3 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1111/j.1744-697X.2011.00225.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 818CI UT WOS:000294726600008 ER PT J AU Le Vine, DM Jackson, TJ Kim, EJ Lang, RH AF Le Vine, David M. Jackson, Thomas J. Kim, Edward J. Lang, Roger H. TI Foreword to the Special Issue on the 11th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2010) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Le Vine, David M.; Kim, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2011 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 3143 EP 3145 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2161843 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 815PE UT WOS:000294536700001 ER PT J AU Kurum, M Lang, RH O'Neill, PE Joseph, AT Jackson, TJ Cosh, MH AF Kurum, Mehmet Lang, Roger H. O'Neill, Peggy E. Joseph, Alicia T. Jackson, Thomas J. Cosh, Michael H. TI A First-Order Radiative Transfer Model for Microwave Radiometry of Forest Canopies at L-Band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2010) CY MAR 01-04, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Soc, Int Radio Sci DE Emission; microwave radiometry; scattering; soil; vegetation ID DIELECTRIC DISKS; EMISSION; SCATTERING; VEGETATION; BACKSCATTERING; FIELDS; SOILS AB In this study, a first-order radiative transfer (RT) model is developed to more accurately account for vegetation canopy scattering by modifying the basic tau-omega model (the zero-order RT solution). In order to optimally utilize microwave radiometric data in soil moisture (SM) retrievals over vegetated landscapes, a quantitative understanding of the relationship between scattering mechanisms within vegetation canopies and the microwave brightness temperature is desirable. The first-order RT model is used to investigate this relationship and to perform a physical analysis of the scattered and emitted radiation from vegetated terrain. This model is based on an iterative solution (successive orders of scattering) of the RT equations up to the first order. This formulation adds a new scattering term to the tau-omega model. The additional term represents emission by particles (vegetation components) in the vegetation layer and emission by the ground that is scattered once by particles in the layer. The model is tested against 1.4-GHz brightness temperature measurements acquired over deciduous trees by a truck-mounted microwave instrument system called ComRAD in 2007. The model predictions are in good agreement with the data, and they give quantitative understanding for the influence of first-order scattering within the canopy on the brightness temperature. The model results show that the scattering term is significant for trees and modifications are necessary to the tau-omega model when applied to dense vegetation. Numerical simulations also indicate that the scattering term has a negligible dependence on SM and is mainly a function of the incidence angle and polarization of the microwave observation. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Joseph, Alicia T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jackson, Thomas J.; Cosh, Michael H.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mehmet.kurum@nasa.gov; lang@gwu.edu; peggy.e.oneill@nasa.gov; Alicia.T.Joseph@nasa.gov; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov; Michael.Cosh@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2011 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 3167 EP 3179 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2091139 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 815PE UT WOS:000294536700004 ER PT J AU Hamady, ZZR Scott, N Farrar, MD Wadhwa, M Dilger, P Whitehead, TR Thorpe, R Holland, KT Lodge, JPA Carding, SR AF Hamady, Zaed Z. R. Scott, Nigel Farrar, Mark D. Wadhwa, Meenu Dilger, Paula Whitehead, Terence R. Thorpe, Robin Holland, Keith T. Lodge, J. Peter A. Carding, Simon R. TI Treatment of Colitis with a Commensal Gut Bacterium Engineered to Secrete Human TGF-beta 1 Under the Control of Dietary Xylan SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES LA English DT Article DE colitis; TGF-beta; drug delivery; gut bacteria ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM; TGF-BETA; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; MURINE INTERLEUKIN-2; BACTEROIDES-OVATUS; T-CELLS; EXPRESSION; MICE AB Background: While cytokine therapy and the use of immunosuppressive cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) offer great potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), issues concerning formulation, stability in vivo, delivery to target tissues, and potential toxicity need to be addressed. In consideration of these problems we engineered the human commensal bacterium Bacteroides ovatus for the controlled in situ delivery of TGF-beta(1) and treatment of colitis. Methods: Sequence encoding the human tgf-beta 1 gene was cloned downstream of the xylanase promoter in the xylan operon of B. ovatus by homologous recombination. Resulting recombinants (BO-TGF) were tested for TGF-beta production in the presence and absence of polysaccharide xylan in vitro and in vivo, and used to treat experimental murine colitis. Clinical and pathological scores were used to assess the effectiveness of therapy. Colonic inflammatory markers including inflammatory cytokine expression were assessed by colorimetric assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: BO-TGF secreted high levels of biologically active dimeric TGF-beta in vitro and in vivo in a xylan-controlled manner. Administration of xylan in drinking water to BO-TGF-treated mice resulted in a significant clinical improvement of colitis, accelerating healing of damaged colonic epithelium, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and promoting production of mucin-rich goblet cells in colonic crypts. These beneficial effects are comparable and in most cases superior to that achieved by conventional steroid therapy. Conclusions: This novel drug delivery system has potential for the targeted and controlled delivery of TGF-beta(1) and other immunotherapeutic agents for the long-term management of various bowel disorders. C1 [Carding, Simon R.] Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. [Hamady, Zaed Z. R.; Farrar, Mark D.; Holland, Keith T.] Univ Leeds, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Hamady, Zaed Z. R.; Lodge, J. Peter A.] St Jamess Univ, Acad Surg Unit, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Scott, Nigel] St Jamess Univ, Dept Pathol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Wadhwa, Meenu; Dilger, Paula; Thorpe, Robin] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Biotherapeut Grp, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. [Whitehead, Terence R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Carding, Simon R.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Carding, SR (reprint author), Inst Food Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. EM Simon.Carding@BBSRC.ac.uk RI Wadhwa, Meenu/E-3016-2013; Thorpe, Robin/E-6853-2013; Farrar, Mark/D-4480-2013 OI Farrar, Mark/0000-0001-8602-7279 FU Medical Research Council/Royal College of Surgeons of England [G0600431]; British Journal of Surgery research bursary; Techtran Ltd. FX Supported in part by a Medical Research Council/Royal College of Surgeons of England Research fellowship (G0600431), A British Journal of Surgery research bursary, and by Techtran Ltd. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1078-0998 J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1925 EP 1935 DI 10.1002/ibd.21565 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 817FV UT WOS:000294657600011 PM 21830271 ER PT J AU Kilonzo, C Atwill, ER Mandrell, R Garrick, M Villanueva, V Hoar, BR AF Kilonzo, Christopher Atwill, Edward R. Mandrell, Robert Garrick, Melissa Villanueva, Veronica Hoar, Bruce R. TI Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Three Sheep Farming Operations in California SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID O157-H7 INFECTION; CLONAL TURNOVER; UNITED-STATES; BEEF-CATTLE; O157H7; FECES; LAMBS; SLAUGHTER; OUTBREAK; CONTAMINATION AB A year-long study was conducted to determine the fecal prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in three sheep ranches. Strain diversity and persistence were compared with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Ranch C, a feedlot, consisted of young sheep raised predominantly on a high-grain diet. The other two sites consisted of sheep raised on native pasture and a combination of native and irrigated pasture. Forty fecal samples were collected every month from each ranch. Samples were examined for E. coli O157:H7 by immunomagnetic separation and culture of the magnetic beads onto selective media. Detection of virulence markers in positive isolates was determined by PCR. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 100 (22.7%) of 440 fecal samples collected from ranch C. On ranch B, 9 (1.9%) of the 480 fecal samples were positive for the pathogen, while none of the samples from ranch A were positive. On ranch C, the odds of detecting E. coli O157:H7 was 3.2 times greater during the warmer months compared with the cooler months of the year. There was no association between days spent in the feedlot and fecal prevalence of the pathogen (P = 0.62). Most multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis types were isolated only once from ranch C (14 of 23), but several strains were isolated over 4 to 6 months, often in many intervening negative months. This study revealed that the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 can be high in some sheep ranches in California, especially in feedlots where young sheep are fed predominantly high-grain rations. C1 [Kilonzo, Christopher; Garrick, Melissa; Villanueva, Veronica; Hoar, Bruce R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Atwill, Edward R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mandrell, Robert] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hoar, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM brhoar@ucdavis.edu FU Center for Food Animal Health, University of California-Davis FX We thank the ranchers for their cooperation during this study. This study was supported by the Center for Food Animal Health, University of California-Davis. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1413 EP 1421 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-529 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 818KN UT WOS:000294750700002 PM 21902909 ER PT J AU Line, JE Stern, NJ Oakley, BB Seal, BS AF Line, J. E. Stern, N. J. Oakley, B. B. Seal, B. S. TI Comparison of an Automated Most-Probable-Number Technique with Traditional Plating Methods for Estimating Populations of Total Aerobes, Coliforms, and Escherichia coli Associated with Freshly Processed Broiler Chickens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENUMERATION; FOODS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; TEMPO(R); PETRIFILM; RECOVERY AB An instrument (TEMPO) has been developed to automate the most-probable-number (MPN) technique and reduce the effort required to estimate some bacterial populations. We compared the automated MPN technique with traditional microbiological plating methods and Petrifilm methods for estimating the total viable count of aerobic microorganisms (TVC), total coliforms (CC), and Escherichia coli populations (EC) on freshly processed broiler chicken carcasses (postchill whole carcass rinse [WCR] samples) and cumulative drip-line samples from a commercial broiler processing facility. Overall, 120 broiler carcasses, 36 prechill drip-line samples, and 40 postchill drip-line samples were collected over 5 days (representing five individual flocks) and analyzed by the automated MPN and direct agar plating and Petrifilm methods. The TVC correlation coefficient between the automated MPN and traditional methods was very high (0.972) for the prechill drip samples, which had mean log-transformed values of 3.09 and 3.02, respectively. The TVC correlation coefficient was lower (0.710) for the postchill WCR samples, which had lower mean log values of 1.53 and 1.31, respectively. Correlations between the methods for the prechill CC and EC samples were 0.812 and 0.880, respectively. The estimated number of total aerobes was generally greater than the total number of coliforms or E. coli recovered for all sample types (P < 2e(-16)). Significantly more bacteria were recovered from the prechill samples than from the postchill WCR or cumulative drip samples (P < 9.5e(-12) and P < 2e(-16), respectively). When samples below the limit of detection were excluded, 92.1% of the total responses were within a single log difference between the traditional plating or Petrifilm methods and the automated MPN method. C1 [Line, J. E.; Stern, N. J.; Oakley, B. B.; Seal, B. S.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Line, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM eric.line@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [6612-32000-056-00D] FX This study was funded by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) National Program 108 CRIS#6612-32000-056-00D. The authors thank Dr. Stan Bailey and A. J. Farzad (bioMerieux) for providing technical training and loan of the TEMPO instrument and ARS personnel M. Amin, S. Brooks, J. Garrish, and S. Mize for excellent technical assistance. Appreciation is also extended to the poultry processing facility managers for their willingness to provide samples. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1558 EP 1563 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-024 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 818KN UT WOS:000294750700021 PM 21902928 ER PT J AU Tomioka, K Hirooka, Y Sawada, H Aoki, T Sato, T AF Tomioka, Keisuke Hirooka, Yuuri Sawada, Hiroyuki Aoki, Takayuki Sato, Toyozo TI Plectosporium blight of monkshood caused by Plectosporium tabacinum (vol 77, pg 266, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Tomioka, Keisuke; Sawada, Hiroyuki; Aoki, Takayuki; Sato, Toyozo] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Hirooka, Yuuri] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tomioka, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. EM tomioka@affrc.go.jp NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1345-2630 J9 J GEN PLANT PATHOL JI J. Gen. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 BP 315 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s10327-011-0324-z PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 817WT UT WOS:000294708200009 ER PT J AU Guo, QF AF Guo, Qinfeng TI Seed size- and density-related hidden treatments in common biodiversity experiments SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental design; productivity; restoration; seed number; seed weight ID EXPERIMENTAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY-PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; GROWTH-RATE; GERMINATION; BIOMASS; RESTORATION; RICHNESS AB Aims With a few exceptions, most well-known field biodiversity experiments on ecosystem functioning have been conducted in plant communities (especially grasslands) in which different numbers of species are planted as treatments. In these experiments, investigators have either kept the total seed weight or seed number constant across treatment plots. However, although in some cases attempts have been made to randomly choose species for planting from a designated species pool, the issue of possible 'hidden treatments' remains unsolved. Particularly, the total and relative abundance among species and across treatments could still affect the results. This study aims to determine whether treatments related to planted seed abundance and seed size may contribute to observed productivity. Methods We re-analyzed data from four biodiversity experiments based on a common seeding design (i.e. diversity treatments). Important Findings We show that diversity (richness) treatments usually involve a hidden treatment related to the planted seeds (i.e. weight, number and seed size) that ultimately affect plant density. Thus, the un-intended hidden treatment of seeding more seeds on more diverse plots contributes to the productivity to some degree. Such derivative but often neglected hidden treatments are important for further improvement of experimental design and have significant implications in ecological restoration. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM qguo@fs.fed.us FU US Geological Survey; US Forest Service FX US Geological Survey; US Forest Service. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-9921 J9 J PLANT ECOL-UK JI J. Plant Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1093/jpe/rtq028 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 818HR UT WOS:000294743100003 ER PT J AU Glenn, LM Lindsey, RL Frank, JF Meinersmann, RJ Englen, MD Fedorka-Cray, PJ Frye, JG AF Glenn, LaShanda M. Lindsey, Rebecca L. Frank, Joseph F. Meinersmann, Richard J. Englen, Mark D. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Frye, Jonathan G. TI Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Detected in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated from Food Animals SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; DNA MICROARRAY; NEWPORT; INTEGRONS; PLASMIDS; STRAINS; DISSEMINATION; INFECTIONS AB Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is the most prevalent penta-resistant serovar isolated from animals by the U. S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Penta-resistant isolates are often resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. To investigate MDR in Salmonella Typhimurium (including variant 5-), one isolate each from cattle, poultry, and swine with at least the ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline phenotype were selected for each year from 1997 to 2007 (n = 33) for microarray analysis of antimicrobial resistance, incompatibility IncA/C, and HI1 plasmid genes. Cluster analysis based on these data separated 31 of the isolates into two groups A and B (15 and 16 isolates, respectively). Isolates in group A were phage type DT104 or U302 and were mostly swine isolates (7/15). Genes detected included intI1, bla(PSE-1), floR, aadA, sulI, tet(G), and tetR, which are often found in Salmonella Genomic Island I. Isolates in group B had numerous IncA/C plasmid genes detected and were mostly cattle isolates (9/16). Genes detected included bla(CMY-2), floR, aac(3), aadA, aphA1, strA, strB, sulI, sulII, dfrA, dhf, tet(A)(B)(C)(D), and tetR, which are often found on MDR-AmpC IncA/C plasmids. The IncA/C replicon was also detected in all group B isolates. The two remaining isolates did not cluster with any others and both had many HI1 plasmid genes detected. Linkage disequilibrium analysis detected significant associations between plasmid replicon type, phage type, and animal source. These data suggest that MDR in Salmonella Typhimurium is associated with DT104/Salmonella Genomic Island I or IncA/C MDR-AmpC encoding plasmids and these genetic elements have persisted throughout the study period. C1 [Frye, Jonathan G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Frank, Joseph F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Frye, JG (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jonathan.frye@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 17 IS 3 BP 407 EP 418 DI 10.1089/mdr.2010.0189 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 818RL UT WOS:000294772600011 PM 21457076 ER PT J AU Gordon, M Apple, C AF Gordon, Matthew Apple, Carol TI Field monitoring the seasonal variation in Albatrellus ellisii mycelium abundance with a species-specific genetic marker SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Albatrellus ellisii; fungal conservation; mycorrhizal; Pacific Northwest; soil DNA ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PLASMID DNA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LACTARIUS-DELICIOSUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOIL HORIZONS; PERSISTENCE; FOREST; GROWTH AB The conservation of rare fungal sites occurring on actively managed forest lands requires efficient site monitoring methods. In this study species-specific primers for the putatively mycorrhizal Albatrellus ellisii (Russulales) were developed so that DNA extracted from soil samples at known sites of this fungus could be tested for the presence of A. ellisii mycelium with PCR. This method was used to measure seasonal changes in the levels of A. ellisii mycelium at three study sites while the utility of this monitoring method was assessed. We found that A. ellisii maintained a constant level of soil occupancy over three seasons, except at one site where mycelium abundance increased in the fall. No reduction in abundance was seen in the summer, although all three sites experienced significant summer drought. We found species-specific genetic marker detection to be an effective and practical method for monitoring the mycelial distribution of a target fungus in soil. The ability to obtain this data from rare fungal sites advances our capability to conserve these fungi, particularly within the managed forest landscape. C1 [Gordon, Matthew] Mol Solut LLC, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Apple, Carol] US Forest Serv, USDA, US Dept Interior BLM, Inventory Grp, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Gordon, M (reprint author), Mol Solut LLC, POB 2546, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM molecularsolutions@msn.com FU US Forest Service Region 6; Oregon/Washington Bureau of Land Management Interagency Sensitive Species FX This study was supported financially and otherwise by the US Forest Service Region 6 and Oregon/Washington Bureau of Land Management Interagency Sensitive Species/Special Status Program. Kelli van Norman (Oregon BLM) provided invaluable management and coordination assistance in all phases of this work and made thoughtful suggestions that improved the manuscript. We are grateful for the help of Dr Carol Carter who provided technical advice, Brett Annegers and Julie Marston who provided field assistance and Judy Roger and Dick Bishop for site location assistance. Sincere thanks to four reviewers and an editor whose comments resulted in a better paper. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 950 EP 958 DI 10.3852/09-170 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 815MJ UT WOS:000294529400003 PM 21482627 ER PT J AU Bennett, C Aime, MC Newcombe, G AF Bennett, Chandalin Aime, M. Catherine Newcombe, George TI Molecular and pathogenic variation within Melampsora on Salix in western North America reveals numerous cryptic species SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fungal diversity; Melampsoraceae; Pucciniales; rust resistance; Salicaceae; Uredinales ID SECTION LONGIFOLIAE SALICACEAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; RUST; PATTERNS; FORMS; UREDINALES; VIMINALIS; EPITEA AB In North America Melampsora rusts that parasitize willows (Salix species) have never been adequately studied and mostly have been referred to a collective species, Melampsora epitea (Kunze & Schm.) Thum, of European origin. Even taxa that are nominally distinct from M. epitea, such as M. abieticaprearum and M. paradoxa, currently are considered to be "races" of M. epitea. Within the range of our field surveys and collections in the Pacific Northwest and the Southwest only two species of Melampsora thus were expected: M. epitea (including its races) and M. ribesii-purpureae. In this study of Melampsora on 19 species of Salix in the western United States 14 phylogenetic species, or phylotypes, were apparent from nuclear rDNA sequencing of 140 collections or isolates. Our collections of the races of M. epitea, M. abieti-caprearum and M. epitea f. sp. tsugae belonged to one phylotype, termed lineage 'N'. Assuming that M. ribesii-pulpureae represents one other phylotype, 12 phylotypes still are unaccounted for by current taxonomy. Moreover Eurasian M. ribesii-purpureae was not closely related to any of the phylotypes reported here. Even more problematic was the resistance of Eurasian species of Salix, including the type host of M. epitea, S. alba, to North American Melampsora, including phylotype 'N', in both the field and in inoculation experiments. These results suggest the need for the description of many new species of Melampsora on Salix in western North America. Additional analyses presented here might guide further research in this direction. C1 [Bennett, Chandalin; Newcombe, George] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Aime, M. Catherine] USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aime, MC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM maime@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Stillinger Foundation; Center for Research on Invasive Species and Small Populations of the University of Idaho FX We thank the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust for use of the FESEM. We thank Dave Dreesen, Carl-Eric Granfelt and the late Steve Brunsfeld for helping us with Salix collections and species identifications, Cindy Park for technical laboratory assistance and two reviewers for helpful comments. Financial support was provided by the Stillinger Foundation and the Center for Research on Invasive Species and Small Populations of the University of Idaho. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1018 DI 10.3852/10-289 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 815MJ UT WOS:000294529400007 PM 21558505 ER PT J AU Harrington, TC Yun, HY Lu, SS Goto, H Aghayeva, DN Fraedrich, SW AF Harrington, Thomas C. Yun, Hye Young Lu, Sheng-Shan Goto, Hideaki Aghayeva, Dilzara N. Fraedrich, Stephen W. TI Isolations from the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, confirm that the laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, originated in Asia SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cinnamomum spp.; Curculionidae; Lauraceae; mycangia; Ophiostoma spp.; Persea spp.; Raffaelea ellipticospora; R. fusca; R. subfusca; Scolytinae; vector ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BARK BEETLES; SCOLYTINAE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; FUNGI; LAURACEAE; EVOLUTION; SYMBIONT; VECTOR AB The laurel wilt pathogen Raffaelea lauricola was hypothesized to have been introduced to the southeastern USA in the mycangium of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, which is native to Asia. To test this hypothesis adult X. glabratus were trapped in Taiwan and on Kyushu Island, Japan, in 2009, and dead beetles were sent to USA for isolation of fungal symbionts. Individual X. glabratus were macerated in glass tissue grinders, and the slurry was serially diluted and plated onto malt agar medium amended with cycloheximide, a medium semiselective for Ophiostoma species and their anamorphs, including members of Raffaelea. R. lauricola was isolated from 56 of 85 beetles in Taiwan and 10 of 16 beetles in Japan at up to an estimated 10 000 CFUs per beetle. The next most commonly isolated species was R. ellipticospora, which also has been recovered from X. glabratus trapped in the USA, as were two other fungi isolated from beetles in Taiwan, R. fusca and R. subfusca. Three unidentified Raffaelea spp. and three unidentified Ophiostoma spp. were isolated rarely from X. glabratus collected in Taiwan. Isolations from beetles similarly trapped in Georgia, USA, yielded R. lauricola and R. ellipticospora in numbers similar to those from beetles trapped in Taiwan and Japan. The results support the hypothesis that R. lauricola was introduced into the USA in mycangia of X. glabratus shipped to USA in solid wood packing material from Asia. However differences in the mycangial mycoflora of X. glabratus in Taiwan, Japan and USA suggest that the X. glabratus population established in USA originated in another part of Asia. C1 [Harrington, Thomas C.; Yun, Hye Young] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lu, Sheng-Shan] Taiwan Forest Res Inst, Div Forest Protect, Taipei 10066, Taiwan. [Goto, Hideaki] Kyushu Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Fukuoka 8600862, Japan. [Aghayeva, Dilzara N.] Azerbaijan Natl Acad Sci, Inst Bot, AZ-1073 Baku, Azerbaijan. [Fraedrich, Stephen W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Harrington, TC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tcharrin@iastate.edu FU US Forest Service through Iowa State University; USDA-CREES Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-05915] FX The technical assistance of Doug McNew and Kai Hillman is greatly appreciated. Financial support for this study was provided by the US Forest Service through a cooperative agreement with Iowa State University and award No. 2009-51181-05915 from the USDA-CREES Specialty Crop Research Initiative. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1036 DI 10.3852/10-417 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 815MJ UT WOS:000294529400009 PM 21471288 ER PT J AU Rehner, SA Minnis, AM Sung, GH Luangsa-ard, JJ Devotto, L Humber, RA AF Rehner, Stephen A. Minnis, Andrew M. Sung, Gi-Ho Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer Devotto, Luis Humber, Richard A. TI Phylogeny and systematics of the anamorphic, entomopathogenic genus Beauveria SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Beauveria bassiana complex; B. brongniartii complex; cryptic species; insect fungi; phylogeny ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CORDYCEPS-BASSIANA; FRUITING BODY; HOST; CLASSIFICATION; TELEOMORPH; ENDOPHYTES; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS; INFERENCE AB Beauveria is a cosmopolitan anamorphic genus of arthropod pathogens that includes the agronomically important species, B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, which are used as mycoinsecticides for the biological control of pest insects. Recent phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that Beauveria is monophyletic within the Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales), and both B. bassiana and B. brongniartii have been linked developmentally and phylogenetically to Cordyceps species. Despite recent interest in the genetic diversity and molecular ecology of Beauveria, particularly as it relates to their role as pathogens of insects in natural and agricultural environments, the genus has not received critical taxonomic review for several decades. A multilocus phylogeny of Beauveria based on partial sequences of RPB1, RPB2, TEF and the nuclear intergenic region, Bloc, is presented and used to assess diversity within the genus and to evaluate species concepts and their taxonomic status. B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, both which represent species complexes and which heretofore have lacked type specimens, are redescribed and types are proposed. In addition six new species are described including B. varroae and B. kipukae, which form a biphyletic, morphologically cryptic sister lineage to B. bassiana, B. pseudobassiana, which also is morphologically similar to but phylogenetically distant from B. bassiana, B. asiatica and B. australis, which are sister lineages to B. brongniartii, and B. sungii, an Asian species that is linked to an undetermined species of Cordyceps. The combination B. amorpha is validly published and an epitype is designated. C1 [Rehner, Stephen A.; Minnis, Andrew M.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sung, Gi-Ho] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, Mushroom Res Div, Suwon 404707, South Korea. [Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer] Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Phylogenet Lab, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Devotto, Luis] Ctr Reg Invest Quilamapu, Inst Invest Agr INIA, Chillan, Chile. [Humber, Richard A.] ARS, Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stephen.rehner@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 61 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1073 DI 10.3852/10-302 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 815MJ UT WOS:000294529400012 PM 21482632 ER PT J AU Ovrebo, CL Lodge, DJ Aime, MC AF Ovrebo, Clark L. Lodge, D. Jean Aime, M. Catherine TI A new Cantharocybe from Belize with notes on the type of Cantharocybe gruberi SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Agaricomycetes; Hygrophoraceae; Neotropical fungi; rDNA systematics; taxonomy; Tricholomataceae ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AGARICALES; BASIDIOMYCOTA; CLADES; FUNGI AB A new species of Cantharocybe, C. brunneovelutina, is described and illustrated from the Orange Walk District of Belize. The species is characterized by the subvelutinous brown pileus, brownish gray stipe and microscopically by cheilocystidia that have prong-like appendages. Analysis of nLSU rDNA sequences relates this species to Cantharocybe gruberi, the sole member of a previously monotypic genus of uncertain placement. We also provide a microscopic description and illustrations of the type collection of Cantharocybe gruberi and compare the two species. Morphological comparisons among Cantharocybe and its sister genus, Cuphophyllus (= Camarophyllus), and allied genera are discussed. C1 [Ovrebo, Clark L.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. [Lodge, D. Jean] USDA FS, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Aime, M. Catherine] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Ovrebo, CL (reprint author), Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. EM covrebo@uco.edu FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-0103621] FX Collection of C. brunneovelutina by DJL was supported by the US National Science Foundation's Biotic Surveys and Inventories Program Grant DEB-0103621 to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York, College at Cortland, in cooperation with the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Forest Mycology Research. We are especially grateful for the help of Dr TJ Baroni who was the lead co-PI on that grant for his companionship in the field and for his edits on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank Drs K Nakasone, TJ Baroni and BA Perry for edits on a version of the manuscript and anonymous reviewers. For help in obtaining Belizean collections for sequencing, DJL thanks Dr B Ortiz-Santana for assistance in the field, Mrs J Grant and Mr E Romero of the Programme for Belize together with the staff of the La Milpa Station for permission to collect and facilitation of our stay and Dr L. Quiroz, Ms N Rosado, Mr H Mai and Mr J Pinelo of the Conservation Division of the Belize Forestry Department for assistance with collecting and export permits. We thank the University of Michigan (MICH) for the loan of the holotype of C. gruberi and University of Washington (WTU) for the loan of additional C. gruberi collections including the collection sequenced by PB Matheny. MCA thanks Dr Ramandeep Kaur for exellent laboratory assistance at LSU and NSF DEB 0732968 for sequencing support. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1102 EP 1109 DI 10.3852/10-360 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 815MJ UT WOS:000294529400015 PM 21482626 ER PT J AU Selvaraj, MG Burow, G Burke, JJ Belamkar, V Puppala, N Burow, MD AF Selvaraj, Michael Gomez Burow, Gloria Burke, John J. Belamkar, Vikas Puppala, Naveen Burow, Mark D. TI Heat stress screening of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings for acquired thermotolerance SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Acquired thermotolerance; Bioassay; Cellular thermo electric controller; Peanut; US peanut minicore ID TEMPERATURE-INDUCTION RESPONSE; SHOCK PROTEINS; SEED SIZE; TIR TECHNIQUE; SPRING WHEAT; TOLERANCE; REGISTRATION; VARIABILITY; GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION AB Heat can be one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect crop production worldwide at different stages of development. As field screening for heat tolerance can be inconsistent and seasonally-limited, it is important to develop a reliable protocol under controlled conditions that allows simultaneous screening of multiple genotypes. The objective of this research was to develop a straightforward laboratory protocol using acquired thermotolerance (ATT) in peanut seedlings as a measure of one mechanism of heat stress tolerance. Sixteen genotypes, including selected accessions of the US peanut minicore collection along with standard checks, were evaluated for acquired themotolerance in two independent experiments. A change in the temperature sensitivity of chlorophyll accumulation was used as an indicator of acquired thermotolerance. Pre-incubation at 38A degrees C for 4 h before the 30-min 50A degrees C challenge triggered the acquired thermotolerance system of the leaf disks, resulting in chlorophyll accumulation upon exposure to light. There was considerable variation among genotypes for ATT in both experiments. Genotypic ranking for mean ATT values were highly correlated (0.949) in both experiments. The effect of seed weight on ATT was not significant. This method is relatively simple and inexpensive and can be used to screen a large number of genotypes. C1 [Selvaraj, Michael Gomez; Burow, Mark D.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Burow, Gloria; Burke, John J.] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Belamkar, Vikas; Burow, Mark D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Puppala, Naveen] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr, Clovis, NM 88001 USA. RP Burow, MD (reprint author), Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, 1102 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM mburow@tamu.edu FU Ogallala Aquifer Initiative; Peanut Collaborative Research Support Project; Southwest Consortium for Plant Genetics and Water Resources FX The authors would like to thank Halee Hughes and Andy Shakespeare for excellent technical assistance throughout this study. Funding for these studies was provided by the Ogallala Aquifer Initiative, the Peanut Collaborative Research Support Project, and the Southwest Consortium for Plant Genetics and Water Resources. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 EI 1573-5087 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s10725-011-9577-y PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 817QX UT WOS:000294690000008 ER PT J AU Szabo, DT Diliberto, JJ Huwe, JK Birnbaum, LS AF Szabo, David T. Diliberto, Janet J. Huwe, Janice K. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI Differences in Tissue Distribution of HBCD Alpha and Gamma between Adult and Developing Mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mice; HBCD; stereoisomers; toxicokinetics; development; distribution; elimination age susceptibility ID FLAME-RETARDANT HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; THYROID-HORMONE ACTION; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; REPEATED EXPOSURE; DRUG-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; WISTAR RATS; BRAIN AB Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a mixture of three stereoisomers alpha (alpha), beta (beta), and gamma (gamma). gamma-HBCD dominates the mixture (similar to 70%), and despite alpha-HBCD's minor contribution to global HBCD production and usage (similar to 10%), it is the dominant congener found in most biotic samples worldwide. Evidence of toxicity and lack of stereoisomer studies drives the importance of understanding HBCD toxicokinetics in potentially susceptible populations. The majority of public health concern has focused on hazardous effects resulting from exposure of infants and young children to HBCD due to reports on adverse developmental effects in rodent studies, in combination with human exposure estimates suggesting that nursing infants and young children have the highest exposure to HBCD. This study was designed to investigate differences in the disposition of both gamma-HBCD and alpha-HBCD in infantile mice reported to be susceptible to the HBCD commercial mixture. The tissue distribution of alpha-[(14)C]HBCD- and gamma-[(14)C]HBCD-derived radioactivity was monitored in C57BL/6 mice following a single oral dose of either compound (3 mg/kg) after direct gavage at postnatal day 10. Mice were held up to 7 days in shoebox cages after which pups were sacrificed, tissue collected, and internal dosimetry was measured. Developing mice exposed to alpha-HBCD had an overall higher body burden than gamma-HBCD at every time point measured; at 4 days postexposure, they retained 22% of the alpha-HBCD administered dose, whereas pups exposed to gamma-HBCD retained 10%. Total body burden in infantile mice after exposure to gamma-HBCD was increased 10-fold as compared with adults. Similarly, after exposure to alpha-HBCD, infantile mice contained 2.5-fold higher levels than adult. These differences lead to higher concentrations of the HBCD diastereomers at target tissues during critical windows of development. The results indicate that the toxicokinetics of the two HBCD diastereomers differ between developing and adult mice; whereas distribution patterns are similar, concentrations of each HBCD diastereomer's-derived radioactivity are higher in the pup's liver, fat, kidney, brain, blood, muscle, and lungs than in the adult's. This study suggests that developmental stage may be a risk factor for the harmful effects of alpha-HBCD and gamma-HBCD, when developing animals may be more sensitive to effects and have increased body burden. C1 [Szabo, David T.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill Curriculum Toxicol, US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Szabo, David T.; Diliberto, Janet J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Huwe, Janice K.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NCI, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Szabo, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 2733 S Crystal Dr,8623-P, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM Szabo.David@epa.gov FU University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill; Environmental Protection Agency [CR 833237] FX This work is funded in part by a cooperative agreement between the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and the Environmental Protection Agency (CR 833237 predoctoral training grants). NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 123 IS 1 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr161 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 815VG UT WOS:000294557500023 PM 21705717 ER PT J AU Rienstra, M Cheng, S Larson, MG McCabe, EL Booth, SL Jacques, PF Lubitz, SA Yin, XY Levy, D Magnani, JW Ellinor, PT Benjamin, EJ Wang, TJ AF Rienstra, Michiel Cheng, Susan Larson, Martin G. McCabe, Elizabeth L. Booth, Sarah L. Jacques, Paul F. Lubitz, Steven A. Yin, Xiaoyan Levy, Daniel Magnani, Jared W. Ellinor, Patrick T. Benjamin, Emelia J. Wang, Thomas J. TI Vitamin D status is not related to development of atrial fibrillation in the community SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE ENDOCRINE REGULATOR; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; D DEFICIENCY; RISK; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; POPULATION; DISEASE AB Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common and is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D is an emerging risk factor in cardiovascular disease, and vitamin D status is modifiable. Thus, we sought to investigate whether vitamin D status predisposed to the development of AF in a community-based sample. Methods We evaluated the relation between vitamin D status and development of AF in 2,930 participants of the Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts, USA, without prevalent AF. The mean age was 65 +/- 11 years, and 56% were women. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) concentrations. Multivariable Cox regression models were adjusted for AF risk factors and season. Results During a mean follow-up of 9.9 years, 425 participants (15%) developed AF. In Cox proportional hazards models, 25(OH) D was not associated with development of AF, with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 0.99 per SD increment in 25(OH) D levels (95% CI 0.88-1.10, P = .81). Also, no relation was found in models including 25(OH) D as a dichotomous variable (above and below the cohort-specific 20th percentile; P = .59). Conclusion In our community-based sample, vitamin D status was not related to incident AF. Our data suggest that vitamin D deficiency does not promote the development of AF in the ambulatory setting. (Am Heart J 2011;162:538-41.) C1 [Rienstra, Michiel; Ellinor, Patrick T.; Wang, Thomas J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA USA. [Rienstra, Michiel] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Cardiol, Groningen, Netherlands. [Rienstra, Michiel; Cheng, Susan; Larson, Martin G.; Yin, Xiaoyan; Levy, Daniel; Magnani, Jared W.; Benjamin, Emelia J.; Wang, Thomas J.] Boston Univ, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Rienstra, Michiel; Cheng, Susan; Larson, Martin G.; Yin, Xiaoyan; Levy, Daniel; Magnani, Jared W.; Benjamin, Emelia J.; Wang, Thomas J.] NHLBI, Framingham, MA USA. [Cheng, Susan; McCabe, Elizabeth L.; Lubitz, Steven A.; Ellinor, Patrick T.; Wang, Thomas J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Cheng, Susan] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc Med,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Larson, Martin G.; Yin, Xiaoyan] Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Booth, Sarah L.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Levy, Daniel] NHLBI, Ctr Populat Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Magnani, Jared W.; Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cardiol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Benjamin, Emelia J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Wang, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM tjwang@partners.org OI Larson, Martin/0000-0002-9631-1254; Rienstra, Michiel/0000-0002-2581-070X; Benjamin, Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336 FU National Institutes of Health [NO1-HC-25195, K23-HL-074077, R01-AG14759, K23-RR-017376-04, K24-HL-04334, 1R01HL092577, 1RC1HL101056, 1R01HL102214, 6R01-NS 17950, R01AG028321, 5R21DA027021, 5RO1HL104156, 1K24HL105780]; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401]; American Heart Association; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [825.09.020]; Ellison Foundation; American Heart Association [09FTF2190028]; Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research ARC at Boston University FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NO1-HC-25195, K23-HL-074077, R01-AG14759, K23-RR-017376-04, and K24-HL-04334; 1R01HL092577; 1RC1HL101056; 1R01HL102214; 6R01-NS 17950; 1R01HL092577; R01AG028321; 5R21DA027021; 5RO1HL104156; 1K24HL105780), the US Department of Agriculture (agreement 58-1950-4-401), and the American Heart Association. Dr Rienstra is supported by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Rubicon Grant 825.09.020). Dr Cheng is supported by a grant from the Ellison Foundation. Dr Magnani is supported by American Heart Association Award 09FTF2190028. This work was partially supported by the Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research ARC on Atrial Fibrillation Initiative at Boston University. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 162 IS 3 BP 538 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.06.013 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 814JU UT WOS:000294447400019 PM 21884873 ER PT J AU Moser, JC Blomquist, SR AF Moser, J. C. Blomquist, S. R. TI Phoretic Arthropods of the Red Imported Fire Ant in Central Louisiana SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mites; phoresy; red imported fire ant; Solenopsis invicta; alate ID INVICTA BUREN HYMENOPTERA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; ACARI; FORMICIDAE; USA; MITES; MESOSTIGMATA; LAELAPIDAE; BEETLES AB More than 4,665 phoretic arthropods comprising 29 species were collected from alates of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, preparing to fly from nests in Pineville, LA. A wide variety of taxonomic groups were represented, including two insect and 17 mite families. Most arthropods fell into two classes: 1) those that may be truly phoretic with more than four specimens collected (13 species) and 2) those seeming to be accidentally phoretic with one to three specimens collected (16 species). The latter group may be the result of gathering "accidental" mites from adjacent sources, such as grass, soil, tree bark; thus, practically any very small arthropod may use phoresy as a dispersal mechanism. The arthropod with perhaps the highest total numbers was Cyphoderus similis Folsom, a wingless insect, and the only known Collembola phoretic species. Eight new species of mites found in this study were recently described, with several other species future candidates for descriptions. Results indicate the more common species may actively persist in nests for the entire year. At least 11 species from six families may feed on fungi within nests. These and common associates from other families carry hyperphoretic spores of fungi that live inside fire ant nests. All three of the laelapid associates may be important predators or parasitoids of individuals within the nests. The collembolan is possibly a general feeder, and Histiostoma spp. are filter feeders that consume microorganisms. S. invicta is native to Argentina, and we speculate that some of the common mites associated with this ant species also may have originated in Argentina. C1 [Moser, J. C.; Blomquist, S. R.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Moser, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM johnmoser@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 886 EP 894 DI 10.1603/AN11010 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815AO UT WOS:000294498700004 ER PT J AU Furniss, MM Kegley, S AF Furniss, Malcolm M. Kegley, Sandra TI Biology of Scolytus subscaber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Grand Fir in Idaho SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Scolytinae; Scolytus subscaber; host interactions; distribution ID VENTRALIS; ENGRAVER; RECORDS; FUNGUS AB We studied the biology of Scolytus subscaber LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in grand fir, Abies grandis (Douglas) Lindley, in northern Idaho. Presented are new Idaho distribution records, description of the mature larva and adult, biological features, characteristics of infestation and galleries, and natural control factors. The beetle has one generation per year, taking flight in July to infest live branches in the crowns of mature trees. The uniquely shaped egg gallery deeply scores the wood; its two arms curve inward like the Greek letter epsilon. Eggs are laid along the outer edge of the gallery; hatched larvae mine hidden in the phloem for a short distance after which they mine next to the sapwood where they overwinter. A cerambycid, Tetropium abietis Fall, occurred often in the larger diameter portion of branches infested with S. subscaber. A scolytid, Scolytus abietis Blackman, also infested branches but not those containing S. subscaber. Mortality factors included a braconid parasitoid, Ecphylus arcuatus Muesebeck, on larvae and the flooding of egg galleries with resin evidently caused by defensive response of the host tree to a staining fungus, Spicaria anomala (Corda) Harz., carried by the beetle. In addition, we point out errors and lack of documentation concerning the identity, biology, and behavior of S. subscaber in secondary published sources. C1 [Kegley, Sandra] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Furniss, MM (reprint author), 1825 Orchard Ave, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM malfurniss@turbonet.com NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 895 EP 900 DI 10.1603/AN10144 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815AO UT WOS:000294498700005 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Mahroof, RM AF Simmons, Alvin M. Mahroof, Rizana M. TI Response of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Vapor Pressure Deficit: Oviposition, Immature Survival, and Body Size SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; vapor pressure deficit; survival; sweetpotato whitefly ID ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA ALEYRODIDAE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; B-BIOTYPE; LEPIDOPTERA; CRAWLERS; COTTON; REPRODUCTION AB Whiteflies cause major agricultural problems in environments ranging from arid to humid climates on a global scale. A study was conducted on the effects of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on oviposition, hatching, body size, and survival of immature B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Experiments were conducted at VPD conditions of 0.5, 1.7, and 2.7 kPa to represent low, medium, and high VPD environments, respectively. The study was conducted at 26 degrees C with insects reared on collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle. The rate of oviposition was decreased at the highest VPD treatment. However, percentage egg hatch was not significantly affected by the treatments. More time was required for eggs to hatch at a high (2.7 kPa) compared with a low (0.3 kPa) VPD in a separate experiment. Overall survival to the adult stage was decreased at the highest VPD(approximate to 50%) compared with the other two VPD environments (approximate to 75%). Sizes of males and females were different, as is well known, but VPD had little significant effect on adult body size (length and width). The size effect was erased when the F 2 generations from the different treatments were reared under a common environment. Insect population models that include the most relevant environmental parameters can offer the best estimation of life-history events. These results help elucidate the ecology of B. tabaci and indicate that extremes in ambient moisture can have an impact on populations. C1 [Simmons, Alvin M.; Mahroof, Rizana M.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 928 EP 934 DI 10.1603/AN10147 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815AO UT WOS:000294498700009 ER PT J AU Roehrdanz, R Bourchier, R Cortilet, A Olson, D Sears, S AF Roehrdanz, R. Bourchier, R. Cortilet, A. Olson, D. Sears, S. TI Phylogeny and Genetic Diversity of Flea Beetles (Aphthona sp.) Introduced to North America as Biological Control Agents for Leafy Spurge SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; invasion genetics; Euphorbia; cryptic species; rangeland weeds ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA L; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; INVASION; EUROPE; POPULATIONS; RELEASE; ECOLOGY AB A molecular phylogeny is presented for the five main species of Aphthona flea beetles that were introduced to North America in conjunction with the leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) biological control program. The mitochondrial genome was examined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of a 9,000-bp segment and nucleotide sequencing of a 575-bp piece of cox1-cox2. A neighbor-joining tree of the RFLP data, along with neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony trees of the sequence alignments, all had the same major branching pattern. Each of the recognized species was a well defined clade. Three within species subbranches had very limited mitochondrial DNA diversity. One was a Wolbachia-infected lineage of A. nigriscutis most likely generated by a Wolbachia sweep where the spreading Wolbachia infection brought along the infected mitochondrial haplotype. Two of three subclades of A. lacertosa also had very little genetic diversity. One of these subclades also displayed a divergence from the other two that was analogous to the divergence observed between some of the other species pairs, suggesting it may be a cryptic species. Its distribution was restricted to Canada. The other genetically depauperate A. lacertosa line was the only lineage recovered in the United States. The geographically restricted nature of some of the genetic lines could be exploited to possibly improve biological control in some habitats through redistribution to other locations. It is not obvious that either Wolbachia infection or a narrow genetic base has had any detrimental effect on biological control. C1 [Roehrdanz, R.; Sears, S.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Bourchier, R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Cortilet, A.] Minnesota Dept Agr, Div Plant Protect, Noxious & Invas Weed Program, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. [Olson, D.] USDA APHIS PPQ, PCN Program Operat Off, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Roehrdanz, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM richard.roehrdanz@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 966 EP 975 DI 10.1603/AN10145 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815AO UT WOS:000294498700014 ER PT J AU Chiu, YK Mankin, RW Lin, CC AF Chiu, Y. -K. Mankin, R. W. Lin, C. -C. TI Context-Dependent Stridulatory Responses of Leptogenys kitteli (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to Social, Prey, and Disturbance Stimuli SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ponerinae; communication; behavior; evolution ID LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; VIBRATIONAL COMMUNICATION; BUTTERFLY CATERPILLARS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; BEHAVIOR; SIGNALS; RECRUITMENT; SUBSTRATE; MOVEMENT AB Individual Leptogenys kitteli (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers produce stridulatory pulses at faster rates after exposure to prey larvae placed nearby the nest and after air-puff disturbances at the nest entrance than during unstimulated social interactions within the nest. Workers produce chirps (trains of stridulatory pulses) at faster rates after exposure to prey larvae than during unstimulated social interactions, including groups of chirps (bursts) where the intervals between chirps decrease below 60 ms. Such bursts do not occur in unstimulated social interactions. Chirp bursts with intervals <10 ms (disturbance bursts) occur immediately after air puffs at the nest entrance. Disturbance bursts are not observed after exposure to prey larvae or during unstimulated social interactions. The rates of disturbance bursts decline rapidly within 10 s after an air puff, whereas episodes of chirp bursts extend over periods of 30 s or longer when groups of ants are moving prey larvae into the nest. The differences in the rates of stridulatory pulses and chirps and in the durations of stridulatory activity observed in the context of different types, intensities, and durations of stimulation contribute to evidence that stridulation has a significant communicatory role in colony activities of many ant species, even in genera, such as Leptogenys, in which a stridulatory organ has not been retained in every species. A better understanding of how ants produce and interpret vibrations may lead to new methods that to improve attractiveness of baits, or repel ants from electrical equipment housings where opportunistic colonies frequently nest. C1 [Mankin, R. W.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Chiu, Y. -K.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Biophys, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Lin, C. -C.] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept Biol, Changhua, Taiwan. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM richard.mankin@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1012 EP 1020 DI 10.1603/AN11027 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815AO UT WOS:000294498700018 ER PT J AU Gulati-Sakhuja, A Rains, L Tian, TY Liu, HY AF Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju Rains, Lindsay Tian, Tongyan Liu, Hsing-Yeh TI The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a novel carmovirus - honeysuckle ringspot virus isolated from honeysuckle SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURNIP CRINKLE VIRUS; GENUS CARMOVIRUS; MOTTLE-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RNA; EXPRESSION; TOMBUSVIRIDAE; POLYMERASES; ASSIGNMENT; MOVEMENT AB A virus associated with yellow-to-purple ringspot on honeysuckle plants has been detected and tentatively named honeysuckle ringspot virus (HnRSV). The complete nucleotide sequence of HnRSV from infected honeysuckle has been determined. The genomic RNA of HnRSV is 3,956 nucleotides in length and is predicted to contain five open reading frames (ORFs). Comparisons of the amino acid sequences of the ORFs of HnRSV with those of members of the family Tombusviridae show that HnRSV is closely related to members of the genus Carmovirus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of RdRp and coat protein and nucleotide sequences of the whole genome revealed that HnRSV forms a subgroup with the carmoviruses. Together, our results support the classification of HnRSV as a member of a new species in the genus Carmovirus, family Tombusviridae. C1 [Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju; Liu, Hsing-Yeh] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Rains, Lindsay; Tian, Tongyan] CDFA, Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM hsingyeh.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 156 IS 9 BP 1635 EP 1640 DI 10.1007/s00705-011-1009-9 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 814ND UT WOS:000294461800019 PM 21562880 ER PT J AU Guillaumet, A Dorr, B Wang, GM Taylor, JD Chipman, RB Scherr, H Bowman, J Abraham, KF Doyle, TJ Cranker, E AF Guillaumet, Alban Dorr, Brian Wang, Guiming Taylor, Jimmy D., II Chipman, Richard B. Scherr, Heidi Bowman, Jeff Abraham, Kenneth F. Doyle, Terry J. Cranker, Elizabeth TI Determinants of local and migratory movements of Great Lakes double-crested cormorants SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE home range; management; migratory connectivity; migratory divide; parallel migration; satellite telemetry ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HOME-RANGE; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; PATTERNS; DIFFERENTIATION; INFORMATION; POPULATIONS; STRATEGIES; TELEMETRY; SELECTION AB We investigated how individual strategies combine with demographic and ecological factors to determine local and migratory movements in the double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). One hundred and forty-five cormorants were captured from 14 nesting colonies across the Great Lakes area and fitted with satellite transmitters. We first tested the hypotheses that sexual segregation, density-dependent effects, and the intensity of management operations influenced home range size during the breeding season. The influence of these factors appeared to be limited in part due to random variability in foraging and dispersal decisions at individual and colony levels. We also designed a statistical framework to investigate the degree and determinants of migratory connectivity. Our analyses revealed a significant migratory connectivity in cormorants, although we also observed a nonnegligible amount of individual variability and flexibility. Our data were most consistent with the existence of a migratory divide across the Great Lakes, with western populations using mainly the Mississippi Flyway and eastern populations the Atlantic Flyway. Previous and current studies suggest that the divide cannot be explained by past divergence in isolation, a way to diminish travel cost, or the Appalachians constituting an ecological barrier per se but is rather the consequence of the distribution of suitable stopover and nonbreeding areas. However, a parallel migration system and no migratory divide could not be entirely ruled out with present data. C1 [Guillaumet, Alban; Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dorr, Brian] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Services, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy D., II] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Services, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chipman, Richard B.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. [Scherr, Heidi] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Bowman, Jeff; Abraham, Kenneth F.] Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Doyle, Terry J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Cranker, Elizabeth] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Brewerton, NY 10329 USA. RP Guillaumet, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mail Stop 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM aguillaumet@cfr.msstate.edu RI Bowman, Jeff/B-4147-2009; OI Bowman, Jeff/0000-0002-1892-4469; Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 FU USDA Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; Berryman Institute (Eastern Unit) FX This project was funded by the USDA Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, and the Berryman Institute (Eastern Unit). NR 49 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 EI 1465-7279 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1096 EP 1103 DI 10.1093/beheco/arr096 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813HW UT WOS:000294358400028 ER PT J AU Cordero, EC Kessomkiat, W Abatzoglou, J Mauget, SA AF Cordero, Eugene C. Kessomkiat, Wittaya Abatzoglou, John Mauget, Steven A. TI The identification of distinct patterns in California temperature trends SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW; IMPACTS; MAXIMUM; US AB Regional changes in California surface temperatures over the last 80 years are analyzed using station data from the US Historical Climate Network and the National Weather Service Cooperative Network. Statistical analyses using annual and seasonal temperature data over the last 80 years show distinctly different spatial and temporal patterns in trends of maximum temperature (Tmax) compared to trends of minimum temperature (Tmin). For trends computed between 1918 and 2006, the rate of warming in Tmin is greater than that of Tmax. Trends computed since 1970 show an amplified warming rate compared to trends computed from 1918, and the rate of warming is comparable between Tmin and Tmax. This is especially true in the southern deserts, where warming trends during spring (March-May) are exceptionally large. While observations show coherent statewide positive trends in Tmin, trends in Tmax vary on finer spatial and temporal scales. Accompanying the observed statewide warming from 1970 to 2006, regional cooling trends in Tmax are observed during winter and summer. These signatures of regional temperature change suggest that a collection of different forcing mechanisms or feedback processes must be present to produce these responses. C1 [Cordero, Eugene C.; Kessomkiat, Wittaya] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Abatzoglou, John] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mauget, Steven A.] USDA ARS, USDA Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Cordero, EC (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM cordero@met.sjsu.edu RI Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012 OI Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750 FU NSF [ATM-0449996] FX We thank Bereket Lebassi for help in acquiring the NWS COOP dataset and Professor Bob Bornstein for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by NSF's Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program, Grant ATM-0449996. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 357 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0023-y PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 814NV UT WOS:000294464000018 ER PT J AU Webb, RMT Sandstrom, MW Krutz, LJ Shaner, DL AF Webb, Richard M. T. Sandstrom, Mark W. Krutz, L. Jason Shaner, Dale L. TI SIMULATION OF BRANCHED SERIAL FIRST-ORDER DECAY OF ATRAZINE AND METABOLITES IN ADAPTED AND NONADAPTED SOILS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Environmental modeling; Pesticides; Aerobic biodegradation; Kinetics ID S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; ENHANCED DEGRADATION; BOUND RESIDUE; C-14 ATRAZINE; FATE; HYDROXYATRAZINE; MISSISSIPPI; TRANSPORT; DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE; DEETHYLATRAZINE AB In the present study a branched serial first-order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one-dimensional solute-transport unsaturated zone model is also presented. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1973-1981. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Webb, Richard M. T.; Sandstrom, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Krutz, L. Jason] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Shaner, Dale L.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Webb, RMT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rmwebb@usgs.gov OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675; Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1973 EP 1981 DI 10.1002/etc.597 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 813AH UT WOS:000294337300003 PM 21688305 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Ciappio, ED Crott, JW Brooks, RS Nesvet, J Smith, DE Choi, SW Mason, JB AF Liu, Zhenhua Ciappio, Eric D. Crott, Jimmy W. Brooks, Ryan S. Nesvet, Jared Smith, Donald E. Choi, Sang-Woon Mason, Joel B. TI Combined inadequacies of multiple B vitamins amplify colonic Wnt signaling and promote intestinal tumorigenesis in BAT-LacZ X Apc1638N mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; folate; methylation ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION; DNA METHYLATION; DIETARY-FOLATE; MOUSE INTESTINE; RAT COLON; APC GENE; DEFICIENCY; RISK; PATHWAY AB The Wnt pathway is a pivotal signaling cascade in colorectal carcinogenesis. The purpose of this work is to determine whether depletion of folate and other metabolically related B vitamins induces in vivo activation of intestinal Wnt signaling and whether this occurs in parallel with increased tumorigenesis. A hybrid mouse was created by crossing a Wnt-reporter animal (BAT-LacZ) with a model of colorectal cancer (Apc1638N). A mild depletion of folate and vitamins B(2), B(6), and B(12) was induced over 16 wk, and the control animals in each instance were pair fed a diet containing the basal requirement of these nutrients. The multiplicity of macroscopic tumors and aberrant crypt foci both increased by similar to 50% in the hybrid mice fed the depletion diet (P<0.05). A 4-fold elevation in Wnt signaling was produced by the depletion diet (P<0.05) and was accompanied by significant changes in the expression of a number of Wnt-related genes in a pattern consistent with its activation. Proliferation and apoptosis of the colonic mucosa both changed in a protrans-formational direction (P<0.05). In summary, mild depletion of multiple B vitamins produces in vivo activation of colonic Wnt signaling, implicating it as a key pathway by which B-vitamin inadequacies enhance intestinal tumorigenesis.-Liu, Z., Ciappio, E. D., Crott, J. W., Brooks, R. S., Nesvet, J., Smith, D. E., Choi, S.-W., Mason, J. B. Combined inadequacies of multiple B vitamins amplify colonic Wnt signaling and promote intestinal tumorigenesis in BAT-LacZ X Apc1638N mice. FASEB J. 25, 3136-3145 (2011). www.fasebj.org C1 [Liu, Zhenhua] Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Donald E.] Tufts Univ, Comparat Biol Unit, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, Zhenhua; Crott, Jimmy W.; Choi, Sang-Woon; Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Tufts Med Ctr, Ctr Canc, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ciappio, Eric D.; Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Div Clin Nutr & Gastroenterol, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Nesvet, Jared] Univ Rochester, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Rochester, NY USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM zhenhua.liu@tufts.edu FU Prevent Cancer Foundation; U.S. National Institutes of Health [R21 ES019102]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [1950-074-01S] FX This work was supported in part by the Prevent Cancer Foundation (to Z.L.), U.S. National Institutes of Health grant R21 ES019102 (to J.B.M.), and the USDA Agricultural Research Service (agreement 1950-074-01S). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 25 IS 9 BP 3136 EP 3145 DI 10.1096/fj.11-184143 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 814GD UT WOS:000294435200027 PM 21646397 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Berti, M AF Cermak, Steven C. Berti, Marisol TI Special issue The next generation of industrial crops, processes and products SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cermak, Steven C.] USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Berti, Marisol] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steven.Cermak@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 1251 EP 1251 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.05.019 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 812TJ UT WOS:000294315500001 ER PT J AU Coffelt, T Johnson, L AF Coffelt, Terry Johnson, Lauren TI A set of descriptors for evaluating guayule germplasm SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY NOV, 2009 CL Termas de Chillan, CHILE SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE Breeding; Germplasm evaluation; Hypoallergenic latex; Plant growth; Biomass ID NATURAL-RUBBER LATEX; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; PLANT-POPULATION; RESIN; SEED; QUANTIFICATION; QUEENSLAND; YIELDS; LINES; MASS AB Commercialization of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) as a source of rubber is receiving worldwide attention as an alternative to Hevea in order to meet increasing demand for natural rubber. As more breeders, agronomists, botanists and other scientists become involved in evaluating and developing guayule germplasm, it is imperative that a uniform set of germplasm descriptors is available. These descriptors are also necessary for use in obtaining plant variety protection certificates. The objective of the current study was to develop a set of descriptors for evaluating guayule germplasm in breeding and agronomic studies as well as identify a minimum set of descriptors to use when time or labor make using all of the descriptors not feasible. Based on the experience of the authors and previous research, a set of descriptors was developed and used to evaluate breeding nurseries of both traditionally and transgenically developed guayule plants. The descriptors were easy to use and required a minimum amount of time per plant, so that a large number of lines could easily be evaluated. The descriptors adequately covered the range of diversity observed in the nurseries evaluated. A set of 14 minimum descriptors is proposed - plant height, plant width, biomass, number of main branches, bark thickness, leaf shape, leaf serration number, dormancy break, flower bud score, 1000 seed weight, rubber content and yield, and resin content and yield. For germplasm protection uses, the full set of descriptors should be used. The descriptors will provide uniformity in comparing germplasm performance across environments. The descriptors will also be valuable to regulatory agencies in granting various plant variety protection certificates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coffelt, Terry] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Johnson, Lauren] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Coffelt, T (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM terry.coffelt@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 1252 EP 1255 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.04.004 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 812TJ UT WOS:000294315500002 ER PT J AU Chen, GQ Lin, JT Lu, CF AF Chen, Grace Q. Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Lu, Chaofu TI Hydroxy fatty acid synthesis and lipid gene expression during seed development in Lesquerella fendleri SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY NOV, 2009 CL Termas de Chillan, CHILE SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE Lesquerella fendleri; Seed development; Fatty acid composition; Hydroxy fatty acid; Real-time polymerase chain reaction; Temporal gene expression ID OIL CONTENT; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE; LESQUEROLIC ACID; RICINOLEIC ACID; CASTOR; ACCUMULATION; DESATURASE; L.; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AB Lesquerella fendleri is a developing oilseed crop in the U.S. The seed oil of L fendleri is rich in lesquerolic acid (14-hydroxy-eicos-cis-11-enoic acid: 20:1OH), a hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) with potential uses in industrial materials. Although the synthesis pathway of HFA is extensively studied, the regulatory mechanism underlying synthesis and accumulation of 20:1OH is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the fatty acid composition and lipid gene expression pattern in developing seeds of L fendleri. from 7 days after pollination (DAP) to desiccation (49 DAP). The results showed that accumulation of 20:1OH started at 21 DAP, increased quickly between 21 and 35 DAP and reached a plateau, about 50-55% of total lipids, at 35-49 DAP. In addition, two other HFAs, ricinoleic (12-hydroxy-octadec-cis-9-enoic acid: 18:1OH) and auricolic (14-hydroxy-eicos-cis-11,17-enoic acid: 20:2OH) acids were present at low levels during various stages of seed development. Ricinoleic acid could be detected as early as 14 DAP whereas 20:2OH began to accumulate at 21 DAP or later. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we quantified the transcript level of three lipid genes, LFAH12 (bifunctional oleate 12-hydroxylase:desaturase), LfKCS3 (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase) and LfFen1 (oleate 12-desaturase). While all of these genes displayed a bell-shaped expression pattern with a peak at 35 DAP and a sharp decline at 42-49 DAP, they had different expression levels during early seed development and maximum inductions. Based on the defined time course of seed development, the relationship between gene expression and HFA accumulation is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Grace Q.; Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 95710 USA. [Lu, Chaofu] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Chen, GQ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 95710 USA. EM grace.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 1286 EP 1292 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.08.003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 812TJ UT WOS:000294315500007 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Wang, G McCloskey, WB Thorp, KR Isbell, TA Ray, DT Foster, MA AF Dierig, D. A. Wang, G. McCloskey, W. B. Thorp, K. R. Isbell, T. A. Ray, D. T. Foster, M. A. TI Lesquerella: New crop development and commercialization in the US SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY NOV, 2009 CL Termas de Chillan, CHILE SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE Hydroxy fatty acids; Lesquerolic acid; Crop production; Alternative crops ID SEED OIL CONTENT; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; TRIGLYCERIDE ESTOLIDES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FENDLERI GERMPLASM; CASTOR OILS; ACID; TRAITS; REGISTRATION; LINDHEIMERI AB While Lesquerella fendleri Gray (Wats.) is not yet a commercial crop, its history serves as a model for new crop development. The most important characteristic is the absence of any significant biological barriers to commercialization. Other potential crops may have valuable, high-demand products but possess traits difficult to overcome such as seed shattering or poor yield capacity. Lesquerella has a distinctive plant architecture that is conducive to seed productivity under a variety of conditions, and the trait could be further exploited. The plant also has high amounts of within-species and interspecific genetic diversity allowing breeding improvements in traits including oil quantity and quality. The unique seed oil is predominately composed of a hydroxy fatty acid, lesquerolic acid (C20:1OH), that is similar to ricinoleic acid (C18:1OH) found in castor oil. Improvements in agronomics will help increase seed yields, water use efficiency, while reducing crop production costs. New tools offered by remote sensing will help plant breeders and growers assess crop development. Defining herbicides and obtaining registrations for use in lesquerella appears to be the biggest obstacle for commercialization of this crop. The improvements in agronomics, breeding, genetics, and the expansion of new markets started in the 1980's, and has made lesquerella a viable potential crop that could utilize thousands of hectares in arid climates of the world provided research continues. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dierig, D. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Wang, G.; McCloskey, W. B.; Ray, D. T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85019 USA. [Thorp, K. R.] ARS, USDA, Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Isbell, T. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Foster, M. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res Stn, Pecos, TX 79772 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM david.dierig@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 1381 EP 1385 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.12.023 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 812TJ UT WOS:000294315500021 ER PT J AU Livingston, KA Lobato, MN Sosa, LE Budnick, GE Bernardo, J AF Livingston, K. A. Lobato, M. N. Sosa, L. E. Budnick, G. E. Bernardo, J. CA New England Lab Study Grp TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis testing practices in hospital, commercial and state laboratories in the New England states SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE M. tuberculosis; laboratory capacity; state laboratories ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS AB SETTING: The mycobacterial laboratory is assuming an increasingly important role in tuberculosis (TB) control in the United States today. OBJECTIVE: To assess mycobacterial laboratory capacity and practices in the New England states, USA. DESIGN: We surveyed 143 hospital and commercial laboratories and five of the six state public health laboratories in New England that offer testing services for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The survey captured information on types of services offered and volume of testing, use of state laboratories for testing, and promptness of reporting results to TB control programs. RESULTS: State laboratories perform the majority of testing services, particularly for more specialized tests. All state laboratories surveyed perform species identification of acid-fast isolates, culture and first-line drug susceptibility testing. Less than 20% of hospital and commercial laboratories offer these services, and 78.6% of hospitals and commercial laboratories refer specimens to state laboratories for culture. CONCLUSION: Surveys of M. tuberculosis testing capacities in a region can help decision makers ensure maintenance of essential services. Hospital and commercial laboratories with lower testing volume might increase efficiency by referring more specimens to state laboratories. State health departments might consider organizing regional laboratory service networks to monitor the provision of services, improve efficiency and oversee quality improvement initiatives. C1 [Livingston, K. A.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Lobato, M. N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sosa, L. E.; Budnick, G. E.] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. [Bernardo, J.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Livingston, KA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kara.livingston@tufts.edu OI Bernardo, John/0000-0002-3922-0559 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1218 EP 1222 DI 10.5588/ijtld.10.0640 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 815JC UT WOS:000294520900016 PM 21943849 ER PT J AU Brand, S Teich, R Dicke, T Harb, H Yildirim, AO Tost, J Schneider-Stock, R Waterland, RA Bauer, UM von Mutius, E Garn, H Pfefferle, PI Renz, H AF Brand, Stephanie Teich, Rene Dicke, Tanja Harb, Hani Yildirim, Ali O. Tost, Joerg Schneider-Stock, Regine Waterland, Robert A. Bauer, Uta-Maria von Mutius, Erika Garn, Holger Pfefferle, Petra I. Renz, Harald TI Epigenetic regulation in murine offspring as a novel mechanism for transmaternal asthma protection induced by microbes SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asthma; allergy; epigenetics; histone acetylation; hygiene hypothesis; T cells ID ENCODING INTERFERON-GAMMA; GLOBAL GENE-EXPRESSION; NAIVE T-CELLS; DNA METHYLATION; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; IGE PRODUCTION; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPOSURE; ALLERGY; INFLAMMATION AB Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from complex gene-environment interactions. Natural microbial exposure has been identified as an important environmental condition that provides asthma protection in a prenatal window of opportunity. Epigenetic regulation is an important mechanism by which environmental factors might interact with genes involved in allergy and asthma development. Objective: This study was designed to test whether epigenetic mechanisms might contribute to asthma protection conferred by early microbial exposure. Methods: Pregnant maternal mice were exposed to the farm-derived gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter lwoffii F78. Epigenetic modifications in the offspring were analyzed in T(H)1- and T(H)2-relevant genes of CD4(+) T cells. Results: Prenatal administration of A lwoffii F78 prevented the development of an asthmatic phenotype in the progeny, and this effect was IFN-gamma dependent. Furthermore, the IFNG promoter of CD4(+) T cells in the offspring revealed a significant protection against loss of histone 4 (H4) acetylation, which was closely associated with IFN-gamma expression. Pharmacologic inhibition of H4 acetylation in the offspring abolished the asthma-protective phenotype. Regarding T(H)2-relevant genes only at the IL4 promoter, a decrease could be detected for H4 acetylation but not at the IL5 promoter or the intergenic T(H)2 regulatory region conserved noncoding sequence 1 (CNS1). Conclusion: These data support the hygiene concept and indicate that microbes operate by means of epigenetic mechanisms. This provides a new mechanism in the understanding of gene-environment interactions in the context of allergy protection. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:618-25.) C1 [Renz, Harald] Univ Marburg, Dept Clin Chem & Mol Diagnost, Fac Med, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Bauer, Uta-Maria] Univ Marburg, Inst Mol Biol & Tumor Res IMT, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Teich, Rene] Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Braunschweig, Germany. [Yildirim, Ali O.] Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, Comprehens Pneumol Ctr, Neuherberg, Germany. [Tost, Joerg] CEA Inst Genom, Ctr Natl Genotypage, Lab Epigenet, Evry, France. [Tost, Joerg] Fdn Jean Dausset CEPH, Lab Funct Gen, Paris, France. [Schneider-Stock, Regine] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Pathol, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. [Waterland, Robert A.] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [von Mutius, Erika] Univ Munich, Univ Childrens Hosp, Munich, Germany. RP Renz, H (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Clin Chem & Mol Diagnost, Fac Med, Baldingerstr 1, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. EM renzh@med.uni-marburg.de RI Schneider-Stock, Regine/H-8863-2012; OI Tost, Jorg/0000-0002-2683-0817; Yildirim, Ali Onder/0000-0003-1969-480X; von Mutius, Erika/0000-0002-8893-4515 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB/TR22]; Stiftung P.E. Kempkes, Marburg [10/07]; LOEWE excellence centre UGMLC (Universities of Giessen and the Marburg Lung Centre); Airsonett AB; German Research Foundation FX Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TR22); Stiftung P.E. Kempkes, Marburg (10/07); and the LOEWE excellence centre UGMLC (Universities of Giessen and the Marburg Lung Centre).; Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: E. von Mutius has consulted for GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Mundipharma and has received research support from Airsonett AB and the German Research Foundation. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest. NR 42 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 23 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 128 IS 3 BP 618 EP U279 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.035 PG 15 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 812HS UT WOS:000294283400022 PM 21680015 ER PT J AU Butcher, BG Bronstein, PA Myers, CR Stodghill, PV Bolton, JJ Markel, EJ Filiatrault, MJ Swingle, B Gaballa, A Helmann, JD Schneider, DJ Cartinhour, SW AF Butcher, Bronwyn G. Bronstein, Philip A. Myers, Christopher R. Stodghill, Paul V. Bolton, James J. Markel, Eric J. Filiatrault, Melanie J. Swingle, Bryan Gaballa, Ahmed Helmann, John D. Schneider, David J. Cartinhour, Samuel W. TI Characterization of the Fur Regulon in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERRIC UPTAKE REGULATOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; IRON HOMEOSTASIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SMALL RNAS; H-NS; AERUGINOSA; REPRESSOR AB The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) is found in a wide variety of environments and must monitor and respond to various environmental signals such as the availability of iron, an essential element for bacterial growth. An important regulator of iron homeostasis is Fur (ferric uptake regulator), and here we present the first study of the Fur regulon in DC3000. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq), 312 chromosomal regions were highly enriched by coimmunoprecipitation with a C-terminally tagged Fur protein. Integration of these data with previous microarray and global transcriptome analyses allowed us to expand the putative DC3000 Fur regulon to include genes both repressed and activated in the presence of bioavailable iron. Using nonradioactive DNase I footprinting, we confirmed Fur binding in 41 regions, including upstream of 11 iron-repressed genes and the iron-activated genes encoding two bacterioferritins (PSPTO_0653 and PSPTO_4160), a ParA protein (PSPTO_0855), and a two-component system (TCS) (PSPTO_3382 to PSPTO_3380). C1 [Cartinhour, Samuel W.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Microbe Interact Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Myers, Christopher R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Myers, Christopher R.] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gaballa, Ahmed; Helmann, John D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cartinhour, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Microbe Interact Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, 334 Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sam.cartinhour@ars.usda.gov RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; Helmann, John/0000-0002-3832-3249 FU NIH [GM059323] FX J.D.H. and A.G. were supported by NIH grant GM059323. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 193 IS 18 BP 4598 EP 4611 DI 10.1128/JB.00340-11 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 812BC UT WOS:000294261700006 PM 21784947 ER PT J AU Darbah, JNT Jones, WS Burton, AJ Nagy, J Kubiske, ME AF Darbah, Joseph N. T. Jones, Wendy S. Burton, Andrew J. Nagy, John Kubiske, Mark E. TI Acute O-3 damage on first year coppice sprouts of aspen and maple sprouts in an open-air experiment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID CO2 AND/OR O-3; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; TREMBLING ASPEN; OZONE UPTAKE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BIRCH FORESTS; WINTER-WHEAT AB We studied the effect of high ozone (O-3) concentration (110-490 nmol mol(-1)) on regenerating aspen (Populus tremuloides) and maple (Acer saccharum) trees at an open-air O-3 pollution experiment near Rhinelander WI USA. This study is the first of its kind to examine the effects of acute O-3 exposure on aspen and maple sprouts after the parent trees, which were grown under elevated O-3 and/or CO2 for 12 years, were harvested. Acute O-3 damage was not uniform within the crowns of aspen suckers; it was most severe in the mature, fully expanded photosynthesizing leaves. Young expanding leaves showed no visible signs of acute O-3 damage contrary to expectations. Stomatal conductance played a primary role in the severity of acute O-3 damage as it directly controlled O-3 uptake. Maple sprouts, which had lower stomatal conductance, smaller stomatal aperture, higher stomatal density and larger leaf surface area, were tolerant of acute O-3 exposure. Moreover, elevated CO2 did not ameliorate the adverse effects of acute O-3 dose on aspen and maple sprouts, in contrast to its ability to counteract the effects of long-term chronic exposure to lower O-3 levels. C1 [Darbah, Joseph N. T.; Kubiske, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Darbah, Joseph N. T.; Jones, Wendy S.; Burton, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Nagy, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Darbah, JNT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM jndarbah@mtu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX The Northern Forest Ecosystem Experiment was funded by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Scott Jacobson in operating and maintaining the experimental infrastructure and Daniel Baumann who provided the wind data and produced the wind rose shown in Fig. 1. The authors are thankful to Brian McCarthy, Martha Bishop and Connie Pollard of the Plant Biology Department (Ohio University) for helping with the microscopy work. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2436 EP 2442 DI 10.1039/c1em10269a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 814GL UT WOS:000294436200008 PM 21750809 ER PT J AU Williams, HL Monge-Monge, KS Otvos, IS Reardon, R Ragenovich, I AF Williams, Holly L. Monge-Monge, Karolina S. Otvos, Imre S. Reardon, Richard Ragenovich, Iral TI Genotypic variation among Douglas-fir tussock moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpNPV) isolates in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orgyia pseudotsugata; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; OpSNPV; OpMNPV; Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; ORGYIA-PSEUDOTSUGATA; LEPIDOPTERA LYMANTRIIDAE; 2 STRAINS; RECOMBINATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; OUTBREAK; HOST AB Periodic outbreaks of the Douglas-fir tussock moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata) in forests of western North America generally end with a sudden collapse due primarily to an epizootic caused by a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) that occurs naturally within O. pseudotsugata populations. We genotypically characterized NPV populations from Washington State, Oregon, Idaho, New Mexico and California for the first time. Of 159 infected tussock moth samples, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis showed that 125 (78.6%) contained single nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpSNPV), 28(17.6%) contained multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV), and six (3.8%) contained both OpSNPV and OpMNPV. In comparison, our previous studies in the southern interior of British Columbia showed that all 298 samples examined were infected with OpMNPV, and none were infected with OpSNPV. More than half of the Washington OpSNPV samples shared the same genotype, but most OpSNPV genotypes were rare or unique: across the five states, 31 of the 43 different OpSNPV genotypes were each only found in a single sample. In contrast, only four different OpMNPV genotypes were found, and 29 of the 34 OpMNPV samples shared the same genotype, designated genotype AA. This strain of OpMNPV has been developed, registered and used in both Canada and the United States to control outbreaks of the Douglas-fir tussock moth. It is also the most common genotype in southern British Columbia. The estimated degree of genetic divergence ranged from 0% to 4.19% for the various OpSNPV genotypes and from 0% to 3.16% for the OpMNPV genotypes (based on number of shared bands). This is the first description of the genotypic diversity in a population of OpSNPV, and the first genotypic characterization of NPVs infecting O. pseudotsugata in the USA. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Holly L.; Monge-Monge, Karolina S.; Otvos, Imre S.] Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Reardon, Richard] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Ragenovich, Iral] US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Williams, Holly L.; Monge-Monge, Karolina S.; Otvos, Imre S.] Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Williams, HL (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM holly.williams@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca FU USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; Canadian Forest Service FX The funding for the study was provided as part of a cooperative agreement between the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team and the Canadian Forest Service. The funding sources were not involved in the study design, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in writing the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.06.004 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812SY UT WOS:000294314400003 PM 21684287 ER PT J AU Becnel, JJ Pridgeon, JW AF Becnel, James J. Pridgeon, Julia W. TI Susceptibility of mosquito and lepidopteran cell lines to the mosquito iridescent virus (IIV-3) from Aedes taeniorhynchus SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes taeniorhynchus; Chloriridovirus; Mosquito iridescent virus; Mosquito; Tissue culture; Ultrastructure ID AEGYPTI; CLASSIFICATION; CULTURES AB Mosquito iridescent viruses (MIV) are members of the genus Chloriridovirus that currently contains only the type IIV-3 from Aedes taeniorhynchus. The complete genome of invertebrate iridescent virus -3 (IIV-3) has been sequenced and the availability of a tissue culture system would facilitate functional genomic studies. This investigation, using quantitative PCR and electron microscopy, has determined that the mosquito cell lines Aedes aegypti (Aag2), Aedes albopictus (C6/36) and Anopheles gambiae (4a3A) as well as the lepidopteran cell line from Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9) are permissive to IIV-3 infection. However, IIV-3 infection remained longer in Aag2 and C6/36 cells. Virus produced in C6/36 cell line was infectious to larvae of A. taeniorhynchus by injection and per os. Ultrastructural examination of 4a3A and SF9 cells infected with IIV-3 revealed an unusual feature, where virions were localized to mitochondria. It is speculated that containment with mitochondria may play a role in the lack of persistence in these cell lines. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Pridgeon, Julia W.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Becnel, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM James.Becnel@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.06.008 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812SY UT WOS:000294314400006 PM 21741386 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Hoffmann, DF Federici, BA AF Lacey, Lawrence A. Hoffmann, Darlene F. Federici, Brian A. TI Histopathology and effect on development of the PhopGV on larvae of the potato tubermoth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Granulovirus; Histopathology; Developmental effects; Potato tubermoth; Phthorimaea operculella ID GRANULOVIRUS POGV; ZELLER LEPIDOPTERA; GRANULOSIS; TUBERWORM AB Larvae of the potato tubermoth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, feed on potato plants and tubers and are a major pest in the tropics and subtropics worldwide, causing up to 100% damage. The PTM granulovirus (PhopGV) provides significant potato protection, but little is known about its effect on larval development or its histopathology. Here we show that only 10% of larvae exited from PhopGV-treated tubers (1.4 x 10(8) granule/ml), lagging significantly behind controls, and most of these died by 72 h after emergence. Histopathology studies showed the fat body and epidermis were the principal tissues infected. PhopGV morphogenesis was similar to other GVs, the exception being small vesicles between mature granules. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Hoffmann, Darlene F.] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Federici, Brian A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Federici, Brian A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Integrat Genome Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lerrylacey@yahoo.com FU Washington State Potato Commission; Washington State Commission FX We thank Heather Headrick for assistance with preparation of specimens for light microscopy and summarization of data and to Dana Jones for technical support throughout the emergence study. We also thank our reviewers Steve Arthurs and Don Hostetter for their comments and suggestions. We are grateful to the Washington State Potato Commission and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration for financial support for this and other research on the potato tuberworm. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.06.003 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812SY UT WOS:000294314400008 PM 21708169 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Becnel, JJ Pereira, RM AF Valles, Steven M. Becnel, James J. Pereira, Roberto M. TI Kneallhazia carolinensae sp nov., a microsporidian pathogen of the thief ant, Solenopsis carolinensis SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kneallhazia carolinensae; Microsporidia; Thief ant; Formicidae; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis carolinensis ID IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; INVICTA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; WEIGHT; SPORES; PCR AB A new species of microsporidia is described from adults of the thief ant, Solenopsis carolinensis, collected in Florida, USA. Morphological and genetic characterization of this new species showed that it is most closely related to the genus Kneallhazia and is therefore formally designated, Kneallhazia carolinensae sp. nov. Masses of ovoid, binucleate spores were localized to fat body of adult workers and measured 6.2 +/- 0.1 x 3.1 +/- 0.1 mu m (fresh) and 6.0 +/- 0.1 x 3.4 +/- 0.1 mu m (fixed). These spores were in direct contact with the cell cytoplasm and contained an isofilar polar filament with 12-15 coils. Blastn analysis revealed that the K. carolinensae 16S rDNA sequence exhibited 91% identity with the 16S rDNA gene of K. solenopsae. The morphological and sequence data support the conclusion that K. carolinensae is a novel microsporidian species distinct from K. solenopsae. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Valles, Steven M.; Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Pereira, Roberto M.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Steven.Valles@ars.usda.gov RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.06.012 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812SY UT WOS:000294314400010 PM 21756912 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Humphrey, JS Daughtery, TS Fischer, JW Milleson, MP Tillman, EA Bruce, WE Walter, WD AF Avery, Michael L. Humphrey, John S. Daughtery, Trey S. Fischer, Justin W. Milleson, Michael P. Tillman, Eric A. Bruce, William E. Walter, W. David TI Vulture Flight Behavior and Implications for Aircraft Safety SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aviation hazard; bird-aircraft strike; black vulture; Cathartes aura; Coragyps atratus; flight behavior; satellite telemetry; turkey vulture ID ROOSTING BLACK VULTURES; TURKEY VULTURES; HOME RANGES; COLLISIONS; BIRDS; FOOD AB Growing vulture populations represent increasing hazards to civil and military aircraft. To assess vulture flight behavior and activity patterns at the Marine Corps Air Station in Beaufort, South Carolina, we equipped 11 black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and 11 turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) with solar-powered Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite transmitters during a 2-year study (1 Oct 2006-30 Sep 2008). Turkey vultures had larger seasonal home ranges than did black vultures, and 2 turkey vultures made round-trips to Florida. Black vultures consistently spent less time in flight (8.4%) than did turkey vultures (18.9%), and black vultures flew at higher altitudes than did turkey vultures in all seasons except summer when altitudinal distributions (above ground level) did not differ. Although we recorded maximum altitudes of 1,578 m for black vultures and 1,378 for turkey vultures, most flights were low altitude. A matrix of vulture flight altitude versus time of day revealed that >60% of vulture flight activity occurred from 4 hr to 9 hr after sunrise at altitudes below 200 m. Continuation of aggressive harassment coupled with flexible training schedules to avoid times and altitudes of high vulture activity will decrease hazards to aircraft posed by these birds. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Avery, Michael L.; Humphrey, John S.; Milleson, Michael P.; Tillman, Eric A.; Bruce, William E.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Daughtery, Trey S.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Marine Corps Air Stn, Beaufort, SC 29904 USA. [Fischer, Justin W.; Walter, W. David] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. EM michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Wildlife Services [N62467-06-RP-00202]; Southern Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command [N62467-06-RP-00202] FX Funding for this study was through contract N62467-06-RP-00202 between the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Wildlife Services and the Southern Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command. We thank N. Myers, South Carolina State Director, USDA/Wildlife Services, for conceiving this project. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1581 EP 1587 DI 10.1002/jwmg.205 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813EM UT WOS:000294349600007 ER PT J AU Atwood, TC Fry, TL Leland, BR AF Atwood, Todd C. Fry, Tricia L. Leland, Bruce R. TI Partitioning of Anthropogenic Watering Sites by Desert Carnivores SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carnivore; Chihuahuan desert; competition; interaction; resource partitioning; water ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; GRAY FOXES; MAMMALIAN CARNIVORES; RESOURCE UTILIZATION; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; RURAL ZONES AB We investigated the role of water features as focal attractors for gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Felis rufus) in west Texas to determine if they were foci for interspecific interaction. Mixed effects models indicated that species partitioned use of water features spatially and temporally. Linear models indicated factors influencing relative activity at water features varied by species. For coyotes and bobcats, the water availability model, containing days since last rainfall and nearest-neighbor distance to water was best supported by the data, with relative activity increasing with time between rainfall and distance between waters. For gray foxes, the best approximating model indicated that relative activity was inversely correlated to coyote and bobcat activity indices, and positively correlated to topographical complexity. Encounters between carnivore species were low, with most occurring between coyotes and gray foxes, followed by coyotes and bobcats, and bobcats and gray foxes. These findings suggest a behavioral-environmental mechanism that may function to modulate resource partitioning by carnivores in the arid West. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Atwood, Todd C.; Fry, Tricia L.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Leland, Bruce R.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. RP Atwood, TC (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM todd.c.atwood@aphis.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS); Wildlife Services; National Rabies Management Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program. The USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services-Texas provided logistical support. D. Sheldon, K. St. Clair, B. Jackson, S. Hunt, and T. Bryan provided valuable assistance in the field. We thank M. Bodenchuk, S. Turman, G. Phillips, and E. Oertli for their advice and help with various aspects of this research. We thank B. Kluever, K. McKelvey, O. Rhodes, and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Finally, we thank the Hammond family for providing access to the study site. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1609 EP 1615 DI 10.1002/jwmg.225 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813EM UT WOS:000294349600010 ER PT J AU Panasci, M Ballard, WB Breck, S Rodriguez, D Densmore, LD Wester, DB Baker, RJ AF Panasci, Michael Ballard, Warren B. Breck, Stewart Rodriguez, David Densmore, Llewellyn D., III Wester, David B. Baker, Robert J. TI Evaluation of Fecal DNA Preservation Techniques and Effects of Sample Age and Diet on Genotyping Success SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allelic dropout; amplification success; coyote; false allele; fecal preservation; genotyping errors; noninvasive sampling; sample age ID NONINVASIVE POPULATION-GENETICS; URSUS-ARCTOS; GENOMIC DNA; FECES; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; COLLECTION; COYOTES; ERRORS AB Optimal collection and preservation protocols for fecal DNA genotyping are not firmly established. We evaluated 3 factors that influence microsatellite genotyping success of fecal DNA extracted from coyote (Canis latrans) scats: 1) age of scat, 2) preservative, and 3) diet content. We quantified genotyping success by comparing rates of allelic dropout, false alleles, and failed amplifications among consensus genotypes. We used a panel of 6 microsatellite loci to genotype 20 scat samples, each of which was subjected to 3 age (1 day, 5 days, and 10 days post-deposition) and 3 preservation (DET buffer, 95% ethanol [EtOH], and lysis buffer) treatments. Both sample age and storage buffer had a significant effect on success and reliability. Ethanol and DET buffer preserved fecal samples with similar efficiency, and both were superior to lysis buffer. Our analysis of DNA degradation rates revealed that samples collected as early as 5 days of age yielded DNA that was highly degraded relative to samples collected on day 1. We tested the influence of dietary remains on microsatellite genotyping by using scat samples consisting predominantly of insect prey (n = 5), mammalian prey (n = 9), or the remains of juniper (Juniperus spp.) berries (n = 6) and compared EtOH and DET buffer preservation efficacy. We observed a significant interaction effect between storage buffer and diet for the probability of a false allele in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), suggesting that the optimal preservation technique depended on the food remains comprising the scat. Scats comprised of juniper berry remains were more reliably genotyped when preserved in DET than EtOH. Mammalian prey-based scats were more reliable when stored in EtOH than DET buffer. Insect-predominant scats were preserved in EtOH and DET buffer with similar efficiency. Although accurate and reliable results can be obtained from scats collected at >= 5 days of age, we suggest sampling design to include collection of scats <5 days of age to minimize field and laboratory expenses. We suggest EtOH preservation for scats of obligate carnivores and of facultative carnivores with a diet consisting primarily of mammals. We suggest DET buffer preservation for animals with a diet consisting of plant-derived foods. Lysis buffer protocols that we employed should not be used for fecal DNA preservation. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Panasci, Michael; Ballard, Warren B.; Wester, David B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Breck, Stewart] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Rodriguez, David] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Densmore, Llewellyn D., III; Baker, Robert J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Panasci, M (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michael.panasci@ttu.edu FU New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; United States Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services; Texas Tech University; California Wolf Center; Dr. Donald and Sammie Bricker Foundation; The Houston Safari Club; Helen DeWitt Jones Foundation FX Fieldwork and genetic analyses were funded by New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, United States Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services, Texas Tech University, the California Wolf Center, and the Dr. Donald and Sammie Bricker Foundation. The Houston Safari Club and the Helen DeWitt Jones Foundation funded graduate student scholarships and a graduate fellowship, respectively. We are thankful to the Conservation Genetics Resource Center at the University of California, Los Angeles for valuable suggestions relative to fecal DNA PCR protocols. We also thank L. Prugh for providing fecal sampling suggestions, A. Daugherty for reviewing the manuscript, G. Whetton for access to private property and living accommodations on the Adobe Ranch, the United States Forest Service Beaverhead Work Station crew for office use and accommodations for a field lab, and many graduate students and various technicians that provided lab and field aid, especially J. Weaver, M. McDonough, P. Larsen, and F. Anwarali. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1616 EP 1624 DI 10.1002/jwmg.221 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813EM UT WOS:000294349600011 ER PT J AU Perlut, NG Strong, AM Alexander, TJ AF Perlut, Noah G. Strong, Allan M. Alexander, Toby J. TI A Model for Integrating Wildlife Science and Agri-Environmental Policy in the Conservation of Declining Species SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agri-environmental policy; bobolink; Dolichonyx oryzivorus; eastern meadowlark; Grassland Bird Conservation Incentive; hayland management; Passerculus sandwichensis; Savannah sparrow; Sturnella magna; wildlife friendly farming ID AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; GRASSLAND SONGBIRDS; RESERVE PROGRAM; FARMLAND BIRDS; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; IMPACTS; LANDSCAPES; RESPONSES AB We examined a case study where a successful wildlife-friendly model for intensively managed hayland was developed from field data and implemented locally as policy by a federal agency. Farmers were ensured a first hay-harvest with high protein content; after a 65-day delay (compared to the normal 35-40-day cutting cycle) farmers took a second harvest of greater quantity but decreased quality. Farmers were paid $247-333/ha in 2008-2010 to offset costs associated with the decreased nutritional content caused by the approximately 25-day second harvest delay. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) reproductive rates improved from 0.0 to 2.8 fledglings per female per year. Creation and implementation of this policy required communication among scientists, federal agricultural agencies, farmers, and state and federal fish and wildlife departments. Data collection, analyses, and communication processes served as an effective global model for practitioners to apply to other agricultural products and taxa. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Perlut, Noah G.] Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Strong, Allan M.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Alexander, Toby J.] USDA, NRCS, Colchester, VT 05446 USA. RP Perlut, NG (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM nperlut@une.edu FU Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2001-52103-11351, 03-35101-13817]; Natural Resource Conservation Service's Wildlife Habitat Management Institute FX This project was supported by the Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant numbers 2001-52103-11351 and 03-35101-13817, respectively. Additional funding was provided by the Natural Resource Conservation Service's Wildlife Habitat Management Institute. We thank Shelburne Farms and the Galipeau and Stern families for generous access to their land. We thank the Galipeau family for additional financial support. Thanks to each summer's army of research assistants for their excellent work. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1657 EP 1663 DI 10.1002/jwmg.199 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813EM UT WOS:000294349600015 ER PT J AU Massa, AN Wanjugi, H Deal, KR O'Brien, K You, FM Maiti, R Chan, AP Gu, YQ Luo, MC Anderson, OD Rabinowicz, PD Dvorak, J Devos, KM AF Massa, A. N. Wanjugi, H. Deal, K. R. O'Brien, K. You, F. M. Maiti, R. Chan, A. P. Gu, Y. Q. Luo, M. C. Anderson, O. D. Rabinowicz, P. D. Dvorak, J. Devos, K. M. TI Gene Space Dynamics During the Evolution of Aegilops tauschii, Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, and Sorghum bicolor Genomes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aegilops tauschii; comparative genomics; gene space; genome evolution; genome organization ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; MAIZE GENOME; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PLANT GENOMES; RICE; WHEAT; GRASSES; DUPLICATIONS; ORGANIZATION AB Nine different regions totaling 9.7 Mb of the 4.02 Gb Aegilops tauschii genome were sequenced using the Sanger sequencing technology and compared with orthologous Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa (rice), and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) genomic sequences. The ancestral gene content in these regions was inferred and used to estimate gene deletion and gene duplication rates along each branch of the phylogenetic tree relating the four species. The total gene number in the extant Ae. tauschii genome was estimated to be 36,371. The gene deletion and gene duplication rates and total gene numbers in the four genomes were used to estimate the total gene number in each node of the phylogenetic tree. The common ancestor of the Brachypodieae and Triticeae lineages was estimated to have had 28,558 genes, and the common ancestor of the Panicoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pooideae subfamilies was estimated to have had 27,152 or 28,350 genes, depending on the ancestral gene scenario. Relative to the Brachypodieae and Triticeae common ancestor, the gene number was reduced in B. distachyon by 3,026 genes and increased in Ae. tauschii by 7,813 genes. The sum of gene deletion and gene duplication rates, which reflects the rate of gene synteny loss, was correlated with the rate of structural chromosome rearrangements and was highest in the Ae. tauschii lineage and lowest in the rice lineage. The high rate of gene space evolution in the Ae. tauschii lineage accounts for the fact that, contrary to the expectations, the level of synteny between the phylogenetically more related Ae. tauschii and B. distachyon genomes is similar to the level of synteny between the Ae. tauschii genome and the genomes of the less related rice and sorghum. The ratio of gene duplication to gene deletion rates in these four grass species closely parallels both the total number of genes in a species and the overall genome size. Because the overall genome size is to a large extent a function of the repeated sequence content in a genome, we suggest that the amount and activity of repeated sequences are important factors determining the number of genes in a genome. C1 [Massa, A. N.; Devos, K. M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Massa, A. N.; Devos, K. M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wanjugi, H.; Gu, Y. Q.; Anderson, O. D.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. [O'Brien, K.; Rabinowicz, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Maiti, R.; Chan, A. P.; Rabinowicz, P. D.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Rabinowicz, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Devos, KM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kdevos@uga.edu RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Devos, Katrien/B-1380-2014 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0077766, DBI-0638558] FX We thank the Joint Technology Center J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) for carrying out sequencing and BAC assembly, and the JCVI Informatics group for data management and data submission to public archives. We thank Xiangyang Xu (University of Georgia, Athens) for mapping contigs on the wheat deletion lines and Richard Howitt (University of California, Davis) for checking the mathematics. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Cooperative Agreements DBI-0077766 and DBI-0638558. NR 47 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2537 EP 2547 DI 10.1093/molbev/msr080 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 815TO UT WOS:000294552700015 PM 21470968 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Harrington, TC Bates, CA Johnson, J Reid, LS Best, GS Leininger, TD Hawkins, TS AF Fraedrich, S. W. Harrington, T. C. Bates, C. A. Johnson, J. Reid, L. S. Best, G. S. Leininger, T. D. Hawkins, T. S. TI Susceptibility to Laurel Wilt and Disease Incidence in Two Rare Plant Species, Pondberry and Pondspice SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID REDBAY AMBROSIA BEETLE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COLEOPTERA; LAURACEAE; CURCULIONIDAE; SCOLYTINAE; SYMBIONT; BIOLOGY; FUNGUS; TREES AB Fraedrich, S. W., Harrington, T. C., Bates, C. A., Johnson, J., Reid, L. S., Best, G. S., Leininger, T. D., and Hawkins, T. S. 2011. Susceptibility to laurel wilt and disease incidence in two rare plant species, pondberry and pondspice. Plant Dis. 95:1056-1062. Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, has been responsible for extensive losses of redbay (Persea borbonia) in South Carolina and Georgia since 2003. Symptoms of the disease have been noted in other species of the Lauraceae such as the federally endangered pondberry (Lindero melissifolia) and the threatened pondspice (Litsea aestivalis). Pondberry and pondspice seedlings were inoculated with R. lauricola from recibay, and both species proved highly susceptible to laurel wilt. Field assessments found substantial mortality of pondberry and pondspice, but in many cases the losses were not attributable to laurel wilt. R. lattricola was isolated from only 4 of 29 symptomatic pondberry plants at one site, but the fungus was not recovered from three plants at another site. R. lauricola was isolated from one of two symptomatic pondspice plants at one site, and from five of 11 plants at another site, but not from any plant at a third site. Insect bore holes, similar to those produced by Xyleborus glabratus (the vector of laurel wilt), were found in some pondberry and pondspice stems, but adults were not found. Damage caused by Xylosandrus compactus was found in pondberry stems, but this ambrosia beetle does not appear to be a vector of R. lauricola. Xyleborinus saxeseni adults were found in a dying pondspice with laurel wilt, and R. laztricola was recovered from two of three adults. Isolates of R. lauricola from pondberry, pondspice, and X. saxeseni had rDNA sequences that were identical to previously characterized isolates, and inoculation tests confirmed that they were pathogenic to redbay. Because pondberry and pondspice tend to be shrubby plants with small stem diameters, these species may not be frequently attacked by X. glabratus unless in close proximity to larger diameter redbay. C1 [Fraedrich, S. W.; Best, G. S.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Harrington, T. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bates, C. A.] Georgia Forestry Commiss, Statesboro, GA 30461 USA. [Johnson, J.] Georgia Forestry Commiss, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Reid, L. S.] S Carolina Forestry Commiss, Columbia, SC 29221 USA. [Leininger, T. D.; Hawkins, T. S.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sfraedrich@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1056 EP 1062 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0841 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 812TW UT WOS:000294316800002 ER PT J AU Mengistu, A Smith, JR Ray, JD Bellaloui, N AF Mengistu, Alemu Smith, J. R. Ray, J. D. Bellaloui, N. TI Seasonal Progress of Charcoal Rot and Its Impact on Soybean Productivity SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; DISEASE LOSS ESTIMATE; MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; STEM ROT; CULTIVARS; SOIL; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; YIELDS; ROOTS AB Mengistu, A., Smith, J. R., Ray, J. D., and Bellaloui, N. 2011. Seasonal progress of charcoal rot and its impact on soybean productivity. Plant Dis. 95:1159-1166. The seasonal progress of charcoal rot (caused by Macrophomina phaseolina) was measured over two growing seasons in four separate experiments: irrigated infested, irrigated non-infested, non-irrigated infested, and non-irrigated noninfested. Disease was assessed at V5, R1, R3, R5, R6, and R7 growth stages based on colony forming units (CFU) of Al. phaseolina recovered from the lower stem and root tissues and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The population density of M. phaseolina increased slowly from the V5 to R6 growth stages and then rapidly from the R6 to R7 growth stages for all genotypes in all four experiments. Yield loss due to charcoal rot ranged from 6 to 33% in irrigated environments. The extent of yield loss was affected by severity of charcoal rot, which in turn was affected by year. Yield loss due to charcoal rot was consistently measured in all paired comparisons in irrigated environments, suggesting that charcoal rot can be an important disease in irrigated environments. Disease severity based on CFU accounted for more yield loss variation (42%) than did the AUDPC (36%) when used to assess disease. Growth stage R7 was found to be the optimum stage for assessing disease using CFU. In addition, screening soybean genotypes under irrigation environment may have utility in breeding programs where there is a need for evaluating soybean genotypes for both disease resistance and yield. C1 [Mengistu, Alemu] ARS, USDA, CGRU, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Smith, J. R.; Ray, J. D.; Bellaloui, N.] ARS, USDA, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CGRU, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM alemu.mengistu@ars.usda.gov FU Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board; North Central Soybean Research Program; USDA [6401-21220-002-00D] FX We thank Debbie Boykin, USDA statistician, for her assistance with data analysis. We thank the Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board, the North Central Soybean Research Program, and the USDA (project 6401-21220-002-00D) for providing funding to support this research. In addition, we thank Avis Clark, Matilda Harris, Gary Shelton, and Will Marlow for their assistance in laboratory and field tests, and Jason Deffenbaugh and Jamie Jordan for their assistance with graphics. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1159 EP 1166 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0100 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 812TW UT WOS:000294316800016 ER PT J AU Brkljacic, J Grotewold, E Scholl, R Mockler, T Garvin, DF Vain, P Brutnell, T Sibout, R Bevan, M Budak, H Caicedo, AL Gao, CX Gu, Y Hazen, SP Holt, BF Hong, SY Jordan, M Manzaneda, AJ Mitchell-Olds, T Mochida, K Mur, LAJ Park, CM Sedbrook, J Watt, M Zheng, SJ Vogel, JP AF Brkljacic, Jelena Grotewold, Erich Scholl, Randy Mockler, Todd Garvin, David F. Vain, Philippe Brutnell, Thomas Sibout, Richard Bevan, Michael Budak, Hikmet Caicedo, Ana L. Gao, Caixia Gu, Yong Hazen, Samuel P. Holt, Ben F., III Hong, Shin-Young Jordan, Mark Manzaneda, Antonio J. Mitchell-Olds, Thomas Mochida, Keiichi Mur, Luis A. J. Park, Chung-Mo Sedbrook, John Watt, Michelle Zheng, Shao Jian Vogel, John P. TI Brachypodium as a Model for the Grasses: Today and the Future SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; DISTACHYON; PLANT; ARABIDOPSIS; WHEAT; SYSTEM; RICE; IDENTIFICATION C1 [Gu, Yong; Vogel, John P.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Brkljacic, Jelena; Grotewold, Erich; Scholl, Randy] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brkljacic, Jelena; Grotewold, Erich; Scholl, Randy] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mockler, Todd] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mockler, Todd] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vain, Philippe] John Innes Ctr, Crop Genet Dept, Norwich NR4 7UJ, Norfolk, England. [Bevan, Michael] John Innes Ctr, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Norwich NR4 7UJ, Norfolk, England. [Brutnell, Thomas] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Scholl, Randy] Inst Natl Rech Agron AgroParisTech, Inst Jean Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, F-78026 Versailles, France. [Budak, Hikmet] Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Caicedo, Ana L.; Hazen, Samuel P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gao, Caixia] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Lab Plant Cell & Chromosome Engn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Holt, Ben F., III] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Shin-Young; Park, Chung-Mo] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Jordan, Mark] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Manzaneda, Antonio J.] Univ Jaen, Dept Biol Anim Biol Vegetal & Ecol, Jaen 23071, Spain. [Mitchell-Olds, Thomas] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Mochida, Keiichi] RIKEN Plant Sci Ctr, RIKEN Biomass Engn Program, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. [Mur, Luis A. J.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Sedbrook, John] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Sedbrook, John] Dept Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Watt, Michelle] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Zheng, Shao Jian] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Vogel, JP (reprint author), ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM john.vogel@ars.usda.gov RI Zheng, Shao Jian/A-3552-2009; Mochida, Keiichi/H-5326-2012; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas/K-8121-2012; Holt, Ben /D-1513-2011; Hong, Shin-Young/H-2954-2016; Watt, Michelle/F-8941-2010; Brutnell, Thomas/M-2840-2013; Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013; Watt, Michelle/I-6226-2016 OI Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689; Zheng, Shao Jian/0000-0002-3336-8165; Mochida, Keiichi/0000-0003-1299-0024; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas/0000-0003-3439-9921; Hong, Shin-Young/0000-0003-3031-2753; Manzaneda Avila, Antonio Jose/0000-0001-9384-7910; Mur, Luis/0000-0002-0961-9817; Brutnell, Thomas/0000-0002-3581-8211; Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775; Watt, Michelle/0000-0001-7843-0957 NR 48 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 74 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 157 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1104/pp.111.179531 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814XZ UT WOS:000294491800001 PM 21771916 ER PT J AU Oh, MH Sun, JD Oh, DH Zielinski, RE Clouse, SD Huber, SC AF Oh, Man-Ho Sun, Jindong Oh, Dong Ha Zielinski, Raymond E. Clouse, Steven D. Huber, Steven C. TI Enhancing Arabidopsis Leaf Growth by Engineering the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 Receptor Kinase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL SYNTHESIS; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; BRASSICA-NAPUS; WATER-DEFICIT; PLANT-GROWTH AB The BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) receptor kinase has recently been shown to possess tyrosine kinase activity, and preventing autophosphorylation of the tyrosine-831 regulatory site by site-directed mutagenesis enhances shoot growth. In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag (both driven by the native promoter and expressed in the bri1-5 weak allele background) and provide insights into the possible mechanisms involved. On average, relative leaf growth rate was increased 16% in the Y831F plants (in the bri1-5 background), and the gain of function of the Y831F-directed mutant was dominant in the wild-type background. Leaves were larger as a result of increased cell numbers and had substantially increased vascularization. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes associated with brassinolide biosynthesis, secondary cell wall biosynthesis and vascular development, and regulation of growth were altered in expression and may contribute to the observed changes in leaf architecture and whole plant growth. Analysis of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that Y831F mutant plants had higher rates of photosynthesis, and metabolite analysis documented enhanced accumulation of starch, sucrose, and several amino acids, most prominently glycine and proline. These results demonstrate that mutation of BRI1 can enhance photosynthesis and leaf growth/vascularization and may suggest new approaches to increase whole plant carbon assimilation and growth. C1 [Oh, Man-Ho; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Oh, Man-Ho; Sun, Jindong; Oh, Dong Ha; Zielinski, Raymond E.; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Clouse, Steven D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@illinois.edu OI Oh, Dong-Ha/0000-0003-1526-9814 FU National Science Foundation [IOS 10-22177, MCB-0740211]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. IOS 10-22177 and MCB-0740211) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. NR 70 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 157 IS 1 BP 120 EP 131 DI 10.1104/pp.111.182741 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814XZ UT WOS:000294491800010 PM 21795582 ER PT J AU Schneider, KT van de Mortel, M Bancroft, TJ Braun, E Nettleton, D Nelson, RT Frederick, RD Baum, TJ Graham, MA Whitham, SA AF Schneider, Katherine T. van de Mortel, Martijn Bancroft, Timothy J. Braun, Edward Nettleton, Dan Nelson, Rex T. Frederick, Reid D. Baum, Thomas J. Graham, Michelle A. Whitham, Steven A. TI Biphasic Gene Expression Changes Elicited by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Soybean Correlate with Fungal Penetration and Haustoria Formation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAX RUST; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE GENES; CAUSAL AGENT; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; GLYCINE TOMENTELLA; SECRETED PROTEINS; INNATE IMMUNITY; POWDERY MILDEW; GROWTH STAGE AB Inoculation of soybean (Glycine max) plants with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal organism of Asian soybean rust, elicits a biphasic response characterized by a burst of differential gene expression in the first 12 h. A quiescent period occurs from 24 to 48 h after inoculation, in which P. pachyrhizi continues to develop but does not elicit strong host responses, followed by a second phase of intense gene expression. To correlate soybean responses with P. pachyrhizi growth and development, we inoculated the soybean cultivar Ankur (accession PI462312), which carries the Rpp3 resistance gene, with avirulent and virulent isolates of P. pachyrhizi. The avirulent isolate Hawaii 94-1 elicits hypersensitive cell death that limits fungal growth on Ankur and results in an incompatible response, while the virulent isolate Taiwan 80-2 grows extensively, sporulates profusely, and produces a compatible reaction. Inoculated leaves were collected over a 288-h time course for microarray analysis of soybean gene expression and microscopic analysis of P. pachyrhizi growth and development. The first burst in gene expression correlated with appressorium formation and penetration of epidermal cells, while the second burst of gene expression changes followed the onset of haustoria formation in both compatible and incompatible interactions. The proliferation of haustoria coincided with the inhibition of P. pachyrhizi growth in the incompatible interaction or the beginning of accelerated growth in the compatible interaction. The temporal relationships between P. pachyrhizi growth and host responses provide an important context in which to view interacting gene networks that mediate the outcomes of their interactions. C1 [van de Mortel, Martijn; Braun, Edward; Baum, Thomas J.; Whitham, Steven A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bancroft, Timothy J.; Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schneider, Katherine T.; Frederick, Reid D.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Nelson, Rex T.; Graham, Michelle A.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Whitham, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM swhitham@iastate.edu RI Graham, Michelle/C-7144-2013 FU Iowa Soybean Association; United Soybean Board; Iowa State University Plant Sciences Institute; National Science Foundation [0820642]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; State of Iowa funds FX This work was supported by the Iowa Soybean Association, the United Soybean Board, the Iowa State University Plant Sciences Institute, the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (award no. 0820642), the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, and Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. This is a journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station (project no. 3608). NR 84 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 157 IS 1 BP 355 EP 371 DI 10.1104/pp.111.181149 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814XZ UT WOS:000294491800028 PM 21791600 ER PT J AU Osorio, S Alba, R Damasceno, CMB Lopez-Casado, G Lohse, M Zanor, MI Tohge, T Usadel, B Rose, JKC Fei, ZJ Giovannoni, JJ Fernie, AR AF Osorio, Sonia Alba, Rob Damasceno, Cynthia M. B. Lopez-Casado, Gloria Lohse, Marc Zanor, Maria Ines Tohge, Takayuki Usadel, Bjoern Rose, Jocelyn K. C. Fei, Zhangjun Giovannoni, James J. Fernie, Alisdair R. TI Systems Biology of Tomato Fruit Development: Combined Transcript, Protein, and Metabolite Analysis of Tomato Transcription Factor (nor, rin) and Ethylene Receptor (Nr) Mutants Reveals Novel Regulatory Interactions SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES; ENHANCED PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; INDUCIBLE GENE-EXPRESSION; CDNA MICROARRAY DATA; RIPENING-INHIBITOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NEVER-RIPE; CELL-WALLS; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; TISSUE SPECIALIZATION AB Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model to study fleshy fruit development and ripening. Tomato ripening is regulated independently and cooperatively by ethylene and transcription factors, including nonripening (NOR) and ripening-inhibitor (RIN). Mutations of NOR, RIN, and the ethylene receptor Never-ripe (Nr), which block ethylene perception and inhibit ripening, have proven to be great tools for advancing our understanding of the developmental programs regulating ripening. In this study, we present systems analysis of nor, rin, and Nr at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels during development and ripening. Metabolic profiling marked shifts in the abundance of metabolites of primary metabolism, which lead to decreases in metabolic activity during ripening. When combined with transcriptomic and proteomic data, several aspects of the regulation of metabolism during ripening were revealed. First, correlations between the expression levels of a transcript and the abundance of its corresponding protein were infrequently observed during early ripening, suggesting that posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms play an important role in these stages; however, this correlation was much greater in later stages. Second, we observed very strong correlation between ripening-associated transcripts and specific metabolite groups, such as organic acids, sugars, and cell wall-related metabolites, underlining the importance of these metabolic pathways during fruit ripening. These results further revealed multiple ethylene-associated events during tomato ripening, providing new insights into the molecular biology of ethylene-mediated ripening regulatory networks. C1 [Osorio, Sonia; Lohse, Marc; Zanor, Maria Ines; Tohge, Takayuki; Usadel, Bjoern; Fernie, Alisdair R.] Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Alba, Rob; Fei, Zhangjun; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Alba, Rob; Fei, Zhangjun; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Damasceno, Cynthia M. B.; Lopez-Casado, Gloria; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fernie, AR (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM fernie@mpimp-golm.mpg.de RI Lopez Casado, Gloria/D-3452-2012; Usadel, Bjorn/E-1932-2011; Osorio, Sonia/M-2258-2014; OI Osorio, Sonia/0000-0002-0159-6091 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0606595, DBI-0923312] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0606595 to J.K.C.R. and grant no. DBI-0923312 J.J.G.). NR 109 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 8 U2 87 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 157 IS 1 BP 405 EP 425 DI 10.1104/pp.111.175463 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814XZ UT WOS:000294491800031 PM 21795583 ER PT J AU Guo, YF Ni, J Denver, R Wang, XH Clark, SE AF Guo, Yongfeng Ni, Jun Denver, Robert Wang, Xiaohong Clark, Steven E. TI Mechanisms of Molecular Mimicry of Plant CLE Peptide Ligands by the Parasitic Nematode Globodera rostochiensis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; STEM-CELL FATE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ROOT-MERISTEM; GENES; PROTEINS; CLAVATA2; POLYPEPTIDE; FAMILY AB Nematodes that parasitize plant roots cause huge economic losses and have few mechanisms for control. Many parasitic nematodes infect plants by reprogramming root development to drive the formation of feeding structures. How nematodes take control of plant development is largely unknown. Here, we identify two host factors involved in the function of a receptor ligand mimic, GrCLE1, secreted by the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. GrCLE1 is correctly processed to an active form by host plant proteases. Processed GrCLE1 peptides bind directly to the plant CLE receptors CLV2, BAM1, and BAM2. Involvement of these receptors in the ligand-mimicking process is also supported by the fact that the ability of GrCLE1 peptides to alter plant root development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is dependent on these receptors. Critically, we also demonstrate that GrCLE1 maturation can be entirely carried out by plant factors and that the availability of CLE processing activity may be essential for successful ligand mimicry. C1 [Guo, Yongfeng; Ni, Jun; Denver, Robert; Clark, Steven E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Clark, SE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM clarks@umich.edu RI Guo, Yongfeng/G-4693-2011; Guo, Yongfeng/H-1228-2015 OI Guo, Yongfeng/0000-0002-2033-7386 FU National Institutes of Health [R01GM62962]; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2006-35304-17403, 2007-35607-17790, 2009-35302-05304] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R01GM62962 to S. E. C.) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (grant no. 2006-35304-17403 to S. E. C. and grant nos. 2007-35607-17790 and 2009-35302-05304 to X.W.). NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 157 IS 1 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1104/pp.111.180554 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814XZ UT WOS:000294491800036 PM 21750229 ER PT J AU Vougogiannopoulou, K Fokialakis, N Aligiannis, N Cantrell, C Skaltsounis, AL AF Vougogiannopoulou, Konstantina Fokialakis, Nikolas Aligiannis, Nektarios Cantrell, Charles Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros TI Simple Indole Alkaloids from the Neotropical Rutaceous Tree Raputia simulans SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Raputia simulans; Rutaceae; simple indole alkaloids; fast centrifugal partition chromatography ID BISINDOLE ALKALOIDS; CONSTITUENTS; DERIVATIVES; CUSPARIINAE; PARAENSIS AB The genus Raputia Aubl. comprises 10 neotropical species of the family Rutaceae belonging to the subtribe Cuspariinae. We report herein the investigation of the dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of R. simulans, which has led to the isolation of indole type alkaloids. The isolation procedure was performed by fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) and adsorption chromatography and afforded 11 isolates: indole-5-carbaldehyde (1), 7-prenylindole (2), 5-prenylindole (3), verticillatine B (4), 5(but-3'-en-2'-one) indole (5), 5-(2'-methylbut-3'-en-1'-ol)indole (6), 5-[methyl-4'-(2'-methyl-4-oxobutanoate)]indole (7), 5-[4-(methyl)furan-2-yl]indole (8), 5-[4-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-yl] indole (9), 5-[5'-(3-methylfuran-2'(5'H)-one)]indole (10), and 5-(4'-methyl-2',5'-dihydrofuran-2'-yl)indole (11). Metabolites 5-11 were isolated for the first time and bear uncommon substituents on position 5 of the indole moiety. C1 [Vougogiannopoulou, Konstantina; Fokialakis, Nikolas; Aligiannis, Nektarios; Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros] Univ Athens, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Cantrell, Charles] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS USA. RP Skaltsounis, AL (reprint author), Univ Athens, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. EM skaltsounis@pharm.uoa.gr OI Vougogiannopoulou, Konstantina/0000-0001-9794-9914 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 77 IS 13 BP 1559 EP 1561 DI 10.1055/s-0030-1270850 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 814TY UT WOS:000294481300018 PM 21384318 ER PT J AU Tomaszewski, JJ Cummings, JL Parwani, AV Dhir, R Mason, JB Nelson, JB Bacich, DJ O'Keefe, DS AF Tomaszewski, Jeffrey J. Cummings, Jessica L. Parwani, Anil V. Dhir, Rajiv Mason, Joel B. Nelson, Joel B. Bacich, Dean J. O'Keefe, Denise S. TI Increased Cancer Cell Proliferation in Prostate Cancer Patients With High Levels of Serum Folate SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE folic acid; PSMA; fortification; B-vitamins ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; FOLIC-ACID; MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; PLASMA FOLATE; UNITED-STATES; RISK; VITAMIN-B-12 AB BACKGROUND. A recent clinical trial revealed that folic acid supplementation is associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer (Figueiredo et al., J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101(6): 432-435). As tumor cells in culture proliferate directly in response to available folic acid, the goal of our study was to determine if there is a similar relationship between patient folate status, and the proliferative capacity of tumors in men with prostate cancer. METHODS. Serum folate and/or prostate tissue folate was determined in 87 randomly selected patients undergoing surgery for prostate cancer, and compared to tumor proliferation in a subset. RESULTS. Fasting serum folate levels were positively correlated with prostate tumor tissue folate content (n = 15; r = 0.577, P < 0.03). Mean serum folate was 62.6 nM (7.5-145.2 nM), 39.5% of patients used supplements containing folic acid In = 86). The top quartile of patients had serum folates above 82 nM, six times the level considered adequate. Of these, 48% reported no supplement use. Among 50 patients with Gleason 7 disease, the mean proliferation index as determined by Ki67 staining was 6.17 +/- 3.2% and 0.86 +/- 0.92% in the tumors from patients in the highest (117 +/- 15 nM) and lowest (18 +/- 9 nM) quintiles for serum folate, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS. Increased cancer cell proliferation in men with higher serum folate concentrations is consistent with an increase in prostate cancer incidence observed with folate supplementation. Unexpectedly, more than 25% of patients had serum folate levels greater than sixfold adequate. Nearly half of these men reported no supplement use, suggesting either altered folate metabolism and/or sustained consumption of folic acid from fortified foods. Prostate 71: 1287-1293, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Tomaszewski, Jeffrey J.; Cummings, Jessica L.; Nelson, Joel B.; Bacich, Dean J.; O'Keefe, Denise S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [Parwani, Anil V.; Dhir, Rajiv] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [Nelson, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP O'Keefe, DS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Suite G34,5200 Ctr Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. EM okeefeds@upmc.edu RI O'Keefe, Denise/A-6273-2010; OI parwani, anil/0000-0002-7616-1666 FU DOD PCRP [W81XWH-07-1-0146]; NIH [R21 CA124892, R01CA138444, P20CA103730, P30CA047904, 5P20CA103730]; American Institute for Cancer Research; U.S. Department of Agriculture [581950-9-001]; [NIHR01CA138444] FX Grant sponsor: DOD PCRP; Grant number: W81XWH-07-1-0146; Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant number: R21 CA124892; Grant sponsor: American Institute for Cancer Research; Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant numbers: R01CA138444; P20CA103730; P30CA047904; Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture; Grant number: 581950-9-001.; We would like to thank Michelle Bisceglia and Brandy Greenawalt of the University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences tissue bank for their assistance in obtaining tissues. This work was supported by DOD PCRP W81XWH-07-1-0146 (DJB), NIH R21 CA124892 and American Institute for Cancer Research (DSOK), NIHR01CA138444 (DSOK and DJB) and NIH 5P20CA103730 (DSOK, DJB, and RD). This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 581950-9-001 (JBM). The hinders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1287 EP 1293 DI 10.1002/pros.21346 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 814JB UT WOS:000294443600004 PM 21308713 ER PT J AU Carvallo, FR French, RA Gilbert-Marcheterre, K Risatti, G Dunn, JR Forster, F Kiupel, M Smyth, JA AF Carvallo, F. R. French, R. A. Gilbert-Marcheterre, K. Risatti, G. Dunn, J. R. Forster, F. Kiupel, M. Smyth, J. A. TI Mortality of One-Week-Old Chickens During Naturally Occurring Marek's Disease Virus Infection SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE early mortality syndrome; chickens; Gallid-herpesvirus-2; Marek's disease ID PATHOGENESIS; LYMPHOCYTES; ASSOCIATION; SPREAD; CELLS; PCR AB Marek's disease (MD) is a disease of chickens that occurs worldwide and has serious economic consequences. MD can present as one of several forms, with the most commonly occurring forms being the lymphoproliferative diseases. Under experimental conditions, an early mortality syndrome has been recognized following infection by some but not all strains of MD virus (MDV). This is the first report of a confirmed case of mortality due to naturally occurring MDV infection in 1-week-old, nonvaccinated, chickens. Necrotizing lesions were observed in the bursa of Fabricius, lung, duodenum, jejunum, and proventriculus, and large intranuclear inclusion bodies were a striking feature in tissues with lesions in all birds. Immunohistochemical staining for the pp38 protein of MDV revealed abundant pp38 antigen in the affected tissues, confirming the presence of MDV within the lesions. PCR yielded an amplicon with 97% homology to the meq gene of MDV. No evidence of co-infection by either of the immunosuppressive agents chicken anemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus was detected. C1 [Smyth, J. A.] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [French, R. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dunn, J. R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Forster, F.] AFBINI, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Kiupel, M.] Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. RP Smyth, JA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM joan.smyth@uconn.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 5 BP 993 EP 998 DI 10.1177/0300985810395727 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 812CQ UT WOS:000294265700012 PM 21239693 ER PT J AU Shao, HX Ye, JQ Vincent, AL Edworthy, N Ferrero, A Qin, AJ Perez, DR AF Shao, Hongxia Ye, Jianqiang Vincent, Amy L. Edworthy, Nicole Ferrero, Andrea Qin, Aijian Perez, Daniel R. TI A novel monoclonal antibody effective against lethal challenge with swine-lineage and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in mice SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Monoclonal antibody; H1N1pdm; Protection; Treatment; Swine; Influenza ID UNITED-STATES; H5 HEMAGGLUTININ; A VIRUS; HUMANS; TRANSMISSION; ARGENTINA; OUTBREAK; EFFICACY; THERAPY; FARM AB The HA protein of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses (H1N1pdm) is antigenically closely related to the HA of classical North American swine H1N1 influenza viruses (cH1N1). Since 1998, through mutation and reassortment of HA genes from human H3N2 and H1N1 influenza viruses, swine influenza strains are undergoing substantial antigenic drift and shift. In this report we describe the development of a novel monoclonal antibody (S-OIV-3B2) that shows high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization titers not only against H1N1pdm, but also against representatives of the alpha, beta, and gamma clusters of swine-lineage H influenza viruses. Mice that received a single intranasal dose of S-OIV-382 were protected against lethal challenge with either H1N1pdm or cH1N1 virus. These studies highlight the potential use of S-OIV-3B2 as effective intranasal prophylactic or therapeutic antiviral treatment for swine-lineage H1 influenza virus infections. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shao, Hongxia; Qin, Aijian] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Vet Med, Key Lab Jiangsu Prevent Vet Med, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Shao, Hongxia; Ye, Jianqiang; Edworthy, Nicole; Ferrero, Andrea; Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shao, Hongxia; Ye, Jianqiang; Edworthy, Nicole; Ferrero, Andrea; Perez, Daniel R.] Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vincent, Amy L.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Perez, DR (reprint author), Room 1215,Avrum Gudelsky Bldg,8075 Greenmead Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dperez1@umd.edu OI Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689 FU USDA-ARS [58-3625-0-611]; CSREES-USDA [1865-05523]; NIAID-NIH [HHSN266186700010C] FX We are indebted to Yonas Araya, Theresa Wolter-Marth, and Ivan Gomez-Osorio for their excellent laboratory techniques and animal handling assistance. This research was possible through funding by the USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-3625-0-611, CSREES-USDA grant (1865-05523), and NIAID-NIH contract (HHSN266186700010C). NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 417 IS 2 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.021 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 816DJ UT WOS:000294578600017 PM 21774955 ER PT J AU Hajeri, S Ramadugu, C Manjunath, K Ng, J Lee, R Vidalakis, G AF Hajeri, Subhas Ramadugu, Chandrika Manjunath, Keremane Ng, James Lee, Richard Vidalakis, Georgios TI In vivo generated Citrus exocortis viroid progeny variants display a range of phenotypes with altered levels of replication, systemic accumulation and pathogenicity SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Viroid RNA evolution; Population composition; Genomic diversity; Infectivity; RNA secondary structure; Citrus protoplasts; 'Etrog' citron; Gynura; Chrysanthemum ID CENTRAL CONSERVED REGION; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; HOST INTERACTIONS; INFECTED TOMATO; TRISTEZA VIRUS; HAIRPIN-II; SPINDLE; PROTOPLASTS AB Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) exists as populations of heterogeneous variants in infected hosts. In vivo generated CEVd progeny variants (CEVd-PVs) populations from citrus protoplasts, seedlings and mature plants, following inoculation with transcripts of a single CEVd cDNA-clone (wild-type, WT), were studied. The CEVd-PVs population in protoplasts was heterogeneous and became progressively more homogeneous in seedlings and mature plants. The infectivity and pathogenicity of selected CEVd-PVs was evaluated in citrus and herbaceous experimental hosts. The CEVd-PVs U30C, G128A and U182C were not infectious; G50A and 108U+ were infectious but reverted back to WT and 62A+, U129A and U278A were infectious, genetically stable and more severe than WT. The 62A+ and U278A and U129A accumulated at higher levels than WT in protoplasts and seedlings respectively. The effect of specific mutations on the predicted secondary structure of the CEVd-PVs' RNA coupled with the infectivity and replication studies suggested complex structure-to-function relationships for CEVd. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vidalakis, Georgios] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ramadugu, Chandrika] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Manjunath, Keremane; Lee, Richard] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Vidalakis, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM vidalg@ucr.edu FU California Citrus Research Board FX We thank the California Citrus Research Board for the partial support of this study. We appreciate the generosity of Dr. Jude Grosser (Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, Florida) for providing the citrus callus culture. We thank Dr. Robert A. Owens and Dr. Rosemarie W. Hammond for the critical review of the manuscript and their useful suggestions. We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Toan Khuong for preparation of illustrations and the CCPP personnel for their help with plant materials. Material presented here was used in part to satisfy requirements for the Ph.D. degree of Subhas Hajeri at UCR. NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 417 IS 2 BP 400 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.013 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 816DJ UT WOS:000294578600020 PM 21782204 ER PT J AU Ye, Q Lian, F Chavez, PRG Chung, J Ling, W Seitz, HK Wang, XD AF Ye, Q. Lian, F. Chavez, P. R. G. Chung, J. Ling, W. Seitz, H. K. Wang, X. D. TI THE CYTOCHROME P450 2E1 INHIBITOR CHLORMETHIAZOLE INHIBITS HEPATIC ETHANOL-MEDIATED CARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY DIETHYLNITROSAMINE SO ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ye, Q.; Lian, F.; Chavez, P. R. G.; Chung, J.; Ling, W.; Wang, X. D.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Seitz, H. K.] Univ Klinikum Heidelberg, Med Klin, Krankenhaus Salem, Heidelberg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0735-0414 J9 ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM JI Alcohol Alcohol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 SU 1 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 809OM UT WOS:000294066600125 ER PT J AU Quin, H Chavez, PRG Millonig, G Lian, F Mernitz, H Liu, C Mueller, S Wang, XD Seitz, HK AF Quin, H. Chavez, P. R. G. Millonig, G. Lian, F. Mernitz, H. Liu, C. Mueller, S. Wang, X. D. Seitz, H. K. TI CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION STIMULATES DIETHYLNITROSAMINE-INITIATED HEPATIC CARCINOGENESIS SO ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Quin, H.; Millonig, G.; Mernitz, H.; Mueller, S.; Seitz, H. K.] Krankenhaus Salem, Univ Klinikum Heidelberg, Med Klin, Heidelberg, Germany. [Chavez, P. R. G.; Lian, F.; Liu, C.; Wang, X. D.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0735-0414 J9 ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM JI Alcohol Alcohol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 SU 1 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 809OM UT WOS:000294066600178 ER PT J AU Yanagisawa, N Mecham, JO Corcoran, RC Dutta, D AF Yanagisawa, Naoki Mecham, James O. Corcoran, Robert C. Dutta, Debashis TI Multiplex ELISA in a single microfluidic channel SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Multiplex; ELISA; Viral antibodies; Microfluidic; Diffusion ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; PROTEIN; IMMUNOASSAYS; MOLECULE; ANTIBODY; SYSTEMS AB In this article, we demonstrate a novel approach to implementing multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a single microfluidic channel by exploiting the slow diffusion of the soluble enzyme reaction product across the different assay segments. The functionality of the reported device is realized by creating an array of ELISA regions within a straight conduit that are selectively patterned with chosen antibodies/antigens via a flow-based method. The different analytes are then captured in their respective assay segments by incubating a 5-mu L aliquot of sample in the analysis channel for an hour under flow conditions. Once the ELISA surfaces have been prepared and the enzyme substrate introduced into the analysis channel, it is observed that the concentration of the soluble enzyme reaction product (resorufin) at the center of each assay region grows linearly with time. Further, the rate of resorufin generation at these locations is found to be proportional to the concentration of the analyte being assayed in that segment provided that the ELISA reaction time in the system (tau (R) ) is kept much shorter than that required by the resorufin molecules to diffuse across an assay segment (tau (D) ). Under the operating condition tau (R) << tau (D) , the reported device has been shown to have a 35% lower limit of detection for the target analyte concentration compared with that on a commercial microtiter plate using only a twentieth of the sample volume. C1 [Yanagisawa, Naoki; Corcoran, Robert C.; Dutta, Debashis] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem 3838, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Mecham, James O.] ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Dutta, D (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem 3838, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ddutta@uwyo.edu RI Dutta, Debashis/I-4922-2012 OI Dutta, Debashis/0000-0003-0938-3151 FU University of Wyoming; National Science Foundation [DBI 0964211]; Wyoming INBRE program [P20RR016474] FX This research work was supported by start-up funds from the University of Wyoming and a grant from the National Science Foundation (DBI 0964211). N.Y. also acknowledges graduate assistantship through the Wyoming INBRE program (grant # P20RR016474). NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 401 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5191-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 804CW UT WOS:000293632700012 PM 21748463 ER PT J AU Sjolund-Karlsson, M Joyce, K Blickenstaff, K Ball, T Haro, J Medalla, FM Fedorka-Cray, P Zhao, SH Crump, JA Whichard, JM AF Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria Joyce, Kevin Blickenstaff, Karen Ball, Takiyah Haro, Jovita Medalla, Felicita M. Fedorka-Cray, Paula Zhao, Shaohua Crump, John A. Whichard, Jean M. TI Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Azithromycin among Salmonella enterica Isolates from the United States SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID UNCOMPLICATED TYPHOID-FEVER; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEROTYPE TYPHI; CHILDREN; BREAKPOINTS; PARATYPHI; OFLOXACIN; DIARRHEA; GENES AB Due to emerging resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents, such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol, azithromycin is increasingly used for the treatment of invasive Salmonella infections. In the present study, 696 isolates of non-Typhi Salmonella collected from humans, food animals, and retail meats in the United States were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility to azithromycin. Seventy-two Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolates from humans were also tested. For each isolate, MICs of azithromycin and 15 other antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution. Among the non-Typhi Salmonella isolates, azithromycin MICs among human isolates ranged from 1 to 32 mu g/ml, whereas the MICs among the animal and retail meat isolates ranged from 2 to 16 mu g/ml and 4 to 16 mu g/ml, respectively. Among Salmonella serotype Typhi isolates, the azithromycin MICs ranged from 4 to 16 mu g/ml. The highest MIC observed in the present study was 32 mu g/ml, and it was detected in three human isolates belonging to serotypes Kentucky, Montevideo, and Paratyphi A. Based on our findings, we propose an epidemiological cutoff value (ECOFF) for wild-type Salmonella of <= 16 mu g/ml of azithromycin. The susceptibility data provided could be used in combination with clinical outcome data to determine tentative clinical breakpoints for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica. C1 [Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, CCID NCZVED DFBMD EDLB, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Blickenstaff, Karen; Zhao, Shaohua] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD USA. [Ball, Takiyah; Haro, Jovita; Fedorka-Cray, Paula] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Sjolund-Karlsson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, CCID NCZVED DFBMD EDLB, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM fwt4@cdc.gov FU CDC; USDA; FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA-CVM) FX This work was supported by interagency agreements that the CDC and USDA have with the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA-CVM). NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3985 EP 3989 DI 10.1128/AAC.00590-11 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 808CW UT WOS:000293953900003 PM 21690279 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Natarajan, SS Kim, WS AF Krishnan, Hari B. Natarajan, Savithiry S. Kim, Won-Seok TI Distinct Cell Surface Appendages Produced by Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 and S. fredii USDA191, Cultivar-Specific and Nonspecific Symbionts of Soybean SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; SP STRAIN NGR234; NODULATION OUTER PROTEINS; RHIZOBIUM SP NGR234; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; EFFECTOR; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; LOCUS AB Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 and S. fredii USDA191 are fast-growing rhizobia that form nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean roots. In contrast to USDA191, USDA257 exhibits cultivar specificity and can form nodules only on primitive soybean cultivars. In response to flavonoids released from soybean roots, these two rhizobia secrete nodulation outer proteins (Nop) to the extracellular milieu through a type III secretion system. In spite of the fact that Nops are known to regulate legume nodulation in a host-specific manner, very little is known about the differences in the compositions of Nops and surface appendages elaborated by USDA191 and USDA257. In this study we compared the Nop profiles of USDA191 and USDA257 by one-dimensional (1D) and 2D gel electrophoresis and identified several of these proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS). Examination of the surface appendages elaborated by these two strains of soybean symbionts by transmission electron microscopy revealed distinct differences in their morphologies. Even though the flagella produced by USDA191 and USDA257 were similar in their morphologies, they differed in their flagellin composition. USDA257 pili resembled long thin filaments, while USDA191 pili were short, rod shaped, and much thinner than the flagella. 2D gel electrophoresis of pilus-like appendages of USDA191 and USDA257 followed by mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of several of the Nops along with some proteins previously undetected in these strains. Some of the newly identified proteins show homology to putative zinc protease and a LabA-like protein from Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278, fimbrial type 4 assembly proteins from Ralstonia solanacearum, and the type III effector Hrp-dependent protein from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.; Kim, Won-Seok] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Natarajan, Savithiry S.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 77 IS 17 BP 6240 EP 6248 DI 10.1128/AEM.05366-11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 811JP UT WOS:000294205700049 PM 21764962 ER PT J AU Li, Q Jing, HL Li, H Wang, YA Xu, DH AF Li Qiang Jing Hongli Li Hua Wang Yinan Xu Dehai TI Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against Shewanella marisflavi, a novel pathogen of Apostichopus japonicus SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apostichopus japonicus; Shewanella marisflavi; monoclonal antibodies ID SEA-CUCUMBER; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; DISEASE AB Shewanella marisflavi strain AP629 was certified as a novel pathogen of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (3C1, 3D9, 2F2, 2A8) against strain AP629 were developed by immunizing Balb/C mice. 3C1 and 3D9 recognized S. marisflavi only, showing no cross reactivity to other gram-negative bacteria. However, 2F2 and 2A8 showed cross reactivity to all tested bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy, showed the binding antigens of 3C1 and 3D9 were located at the secretion on the surface of strain AP629. The binding antigens of 2F2 and 2A8 were noted on the membrane of the cells. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 recognized the lipopolysaccharide fraction of strain AP629, and 2F2 and 2A8 recognized in western-blotting protein antigens with molecular weights of 113 and 128 kDa respectively. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 have the potential for use in pathogen diagnosis, epidemiology and studies on the mechanism of how S. marisflavi infects A. japonicus. Immunohistochemistry with 3C1 or 3D9 identified strain AP629 in the body wall of infected A. japonicus. In the adult sea cucumbers that were infected via body wall injection, positive signals were observed at the site of skin ulceration, and at the connective tissue of the non-ulcerated body wall. In addition, some large blue-stained cells aggregated at the connective tissue colonized by large numbers of bacteria. In juveniles infected via immersion infection, positive signals were observed at the cuticle of the body wall only. Our results suggest that 3C1 and 3D9 could be used in various immunological assays to study the invasion mechanism of strain AP629 in A. japonicus, the law of bacterial colonization, proliferation in different tissues of A. japonicus, and correlation between secretion on the surface of strain AP629 and its pathogenesis to A. japonicus. C1 [Li Qiang; Jing Hongli; Li Hua; Wang Yinan] Dalian Ocean Univ, Agr Minist China, Key Lab Mariculture, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Xu Dehai] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Dalian Ocean Univ, Agr Minist China, Key Lab Mariculture, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM lihua@dlou.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800853, 30901107]; National Key Projects, National Science and Technology Pillar Program [2011BAD13B03] FX Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30800853 and 30901107), and the National Key Projects, National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-Year-Plan (No. 2011BAD13B03) NR 16 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING, 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-4059 J9 CHIN J OCEANOL LIMN JI Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 29 IS 5 BP 973 EP 980 DI 10.1007/s00343-011-0234-0 PG 8 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 804CU UT WOS:000293632500008 ER PT J AU Dinh, TTN Thompson, LD Galyean, ML Brooks, JC Patterson, KY Boylan, LM AF Dinh, Thu T. N. Thompson, Leslie D. Galyean, Michael L. Brooks, J. Chance Patterson, Kristine Y. Boylan, L. Mallory TI Cholesterol Content and Methods for Cholesterol Determination in Meat and Poultry SO COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Review ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; LIEBERMANN-BURCHARD REACTION; TOTAL SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; EGG-YOLK CHOLESTEROL; COOKED BEEF STEAKS AB Available data for cholesterol content of beef, pork, poultry, and processed meat products were reported. Although the cholesterol concentration in meat and poultry can be influenced by various factors, effects of animal species, muscle fiber type, and muscle fat content are focused on in this review. Oxidative red muscles tend to have greater total lipid and cholesterol contents, although differences in the same types of muscles or cuts have been reported. Moreover, contradictory results among various studies suggest that unless there are pronounced changes in muscle structure and composition, cholesterol content is unlikely to be affected. Second, multiple issues in cholesterol analysis, including sample preparation, detection, and quantification, were evaluated. Cholesterol content of meat and poultry has been determined mostly by colorimetry and chromatography, although the latter has become predominant because of technological advances and method performance. Direct saponification has been the preferred method for hydrolyzing samples because of cost- and time-effectiveness. The extraction solvent varies, but toluene seems to provide sufficient recovery in a single extraction, although the possible formation of an emulsion associated with using toluene requires experience in postsaponification manipulation. The most commonly used internal standard is 5 alpha-cholestane, although its behavior is not identical to that of cholesterol. Cholesterol can be analyzed routinely by gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector without derivatization; however, other methods, especially high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with different detectors, can also be used. For research purposes, HPLC-ultraviolet/Visible/photodiode array detector with nondestructiveness is preferred, especially when cholesterol must be separated from other coexisting compounds such as tocopherols. More advanced methods, such as GC/HPLC-isotope dilution/mass spectrometry, are primarily used for quality control purposes. C1 [Dinh, Thu T. N.; Thompson, Leslie D.; Galyean, Michael L.; Brooks, J. Chance] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patterson, Kristine Y.] USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Boylan, L. Mallory] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nutr Hosp & Retailing, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Thompson, LD (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM leslie.thompson@ttu.edu FU USDA ARS [58-1235-8-155]; NIH [Y1-HV-8116-15]; Natl. Cattleman's Beef Assn. through the Beef Check-Off program; Natl. Pork Board FX This review uses important data from the analysis of cholesterol in beef, pork, and chicken for the USDA Natl. Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) at the Texas Tech Univ. The studies to update the SR were funded in part by USDA ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-1235-8-155 and NIH Agreement Y1-HV-8116-15. The authors acknowledge the review of data and the contribution by the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory. The authors also acknowledge the contribution and support of the Natl. Cattleman's Beef Assn. through the Beef Check-Off program and the Natl. Pork Board. NR 239 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-4337 J9 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F JI Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 10 IS 5 BP 269 EP 289 PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 810LE UT WOS:000294126000003 ER PT J AU Baddock, MC Wiggs, GFS Livingstone, I AF Baddock, Matthew C. Wiggs, Giles F. S. Livingstone, Ian TI A field study of mean and turbulent flow characteristics upwind, over and downwind of barchan dunes SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE dune dynamics; barchan morphology; flow recovery; shear stress; ultrasonic anemometer ID DESERT SAND DUNES; SECONDARY AIR-FLOW; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT RESEARCH; 2-DIMENSIONAL BED FORMS; TRANSVERSE DUNES; WIND-TUNNEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEOLIAN DUNES; STOSS SLOPE; STREAMLINE CURVATURE AB Field-measured patterns of mean velocity and turbulent airflow are reported for isolated barchan dunes. Turbulence was sampled using a high frequency sonic anemometer, deriving near-surface Reynolds shear and normal stresses. Measurements upwind of and over a crest-brink separated barchan indicated that shear stress was sustained despite a velocity reduction at the dune toe. The mapped streamline angles and enhanced turbulent intensities suggest the effects of positive streamline curvature are responsible for this maintenance of shear stress. This field evidence supports an existing model for dune morphodynamics based on wind tunnel turbulence measurements. Downwind, the effect of different dune profiles on flow re-attachment and recovery was apparent. With transverse incident flow, a re-attachment length between 2.3 and 5.0h (h is dune brink height) existed for a crest-brink separated dune and 6.5 to 8.6h for a crest-brink coincident dune. The lee side shear layer produced elevated turbulent stresses immediately downwind of both dunes, and a decrease in turbulence with distance characterized flow recovery. Recovery of mean velocity for the crest-brink separated dune occurred over a distance 6.5h shorter than the crest-brink coincident form. As the application of sonic anemometers in aeolian geomorphology is relatively new, there is debate concerning the suitability of processing their data in relation to dune surface and streamline angle. This paper demonstrates the effect on Reynolds stresses of mathematically correcting data to the local streamline over varying dune slope. Where the streamline angle was closely related to the surface (windward slope), time-averaged shear stress agreed best with previous wind tunnel findings when data were rotated along streamlines. In the close lee, however, the angle of downwardly projected (separated) flow was not aligned with the flat ground surface. Here, shear stress appeared to be underestimated by streamline correction, and corrected shear stress values were less than half of those uncorrected. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Baddock, Matthew C.] USDA, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Lubbock, TX USA. [Wiggs, Giles F. S.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England. [Livingstone, Ian] Univ Northampton, Sch Sci & Technol, Northampton, England. RP Baddock, MC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mcb@virginia.edu RI Baddock, Matthew/A-5739-2012 OI Baddock, Matthew/0000-0003-1490-7511 NR 75 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1435 EP 1448 DI 10.1002/esp.2161 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 811BE UT WOS:000294176100002 ER PT J AU Fraver, S Jain, T Bradford, JB D'Amato, AW Kastendick, D Palik, B Shinneman, D Stanovick, J AF Fraver, Shawn Jain, Theresa Bradford, John B. D'Amato, Anthony W. Kastendick, Doug Palik, Brian Shinneman, Doug Stanovick, John TI The efficacy of salvage logging in reducing subsequent fire severity in conifer-dominated forests of Minnesota, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE blowdown; fire behavior; fuel reduction treatments; Ham Lake fire; multiple disturbances; Pinus banksiana; Superior National Forest, Minnesota, USA; wildfire intensity ID FUEL ACCUMULATION; POSTFIRE SALVAGE; BOREAL FOREST; WILDFIRE; REGENERATION; VEGETATION; CONSEQUENCES; MORTALITY; DAMAGE; CROWN AB Although primarily used to mitigate economic losses following disturbance, salvage logging has also been justified on the basis of reducing fire risk and fire severity; however, its ability to achieve these secondary objectives remains unclear. The patchiness resulting from a sequence of recent disturbances-blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire-provided an excellent opportunity to assess the impacts of blowdown and salvage logging on wildfire severity. We used two fire-severity assessments (tree-crown and forest-floor characteristics) to compare post-wildfire conditions among three treatment combinations (Blowdown-Salvage-Fire, Blowdown-Fire, and Fire only). Our results suggest that salvage logging reduced the intensity (heat released) of the subsequent fire. However, its effect on severity (impact to the system) differed between the tree crowns and forest floor: tree-crown indices suggest that salvage logging decreased fire severity (albeit with modest statistical support), while forest-floor indices suggest that salvage logging increased fire severity. We attribute the latter finding to the greater exposure of mineral soil caused by logging operations; once exposed, soils are more likely to register the damaging effects of fire, even if fire intensity is not extreme. These results highlight the important distinction between fire intensity and severity when formulating post-disturbance management prescriptions. C1 [Fraver, Shawn; Bradford, John B.; Kastendick, Doug; Palik, Brian; Shinneman, Doug] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Jain, Theresa] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83834 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shinneman, Doug] Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Stanovick, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM sfraver@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-5-04]; Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX We thank J. Kragthorpe and S. Jones for assistance in the field; we thank J. Zazada and D. Gilmore for sharing the original plot data; and we thank B. Anderson, M. Beckwith, K. McTighe, T. Norman, and B. Schueller (all Superior National Forest) for providing information regarding harvesting and fire-related activities. Support was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 08-1-5-04) and the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1895 EP 1901 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900002 PM 21939032 ER PT J AU McKinley, DC Ryan, MG Birdsey, RA Giardina, CP Harmon, ME Heath, LS Houghton, RA Jackson, RB Morrison, JF Murray, BC Pataki, DE Skog, KE AF McKinley, Duncan C. Ryan, Michael G. Birdsey, Richard A. Giardina, Christian P. Harmon, Mark E. Heath, Linda S. Houghton, Richard A. Jackson, Robert B. Morrison, James F. Murray, Brian C. Pataki, Diane E. Skog, Kenneth E. TI A synthesis of current knowledge on forests and carbon storage in the United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE afforestation; avoided deforestation; carbon emission offsets; carbon storage and sequestration; disturbance risk; greenhouse gas mitigation; intensive silviculture; substitution; urban forestry; wood biomass energy; wood products ID LAND-USE CHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; HARVESTED WOOD PRODUCTS; MIXED-SEVERITY WILDFIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SOIL CARBON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FIRE RISK; ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AB Using forests to mitigate climate change has gained much interest in science and policy discussions. We examine the evidence for carbon benefits, environmental and monetary costs, risks and trade-offs for a variety of activities in three general strategies: (1) land use change to increase forest area (afforestation) and avoid deforestation; (2) carbon management in existing forests; and (3) the use of wood as biomass energy, in place of other building materials, or in wood products for carbon storage. We found that many strategies can increase forest sector carbon mitigation above the current 162-256 Tg C/yr, and that many strategies have co-benefits such as biodiversity, water, and economic opportunities. Each strategy also has trade-offs, risks, and uncertainties including possible leakage, permanence, disturbances, and climate change effects. Because; similar to 60% of the carbon lost through deforestation and harvesting from 1700 to 1935 has not yet been recovered and because some strategies store carbon in forest products or use biomass energy, the biological potential for forest sector carbon mitigation is large. Several studies suggest that using these strategies could offset as much as 10-20% of current U. S. fossil fuel emissions. To obtain such large offsets in the United States would require a combination of afforesting up to one-third of cropland or pastureland, using the equivalent of about one-half of the gross annual forest growth for biomass energy, or implementing more intensive management to increase forest growth on one-third of forestland. Such large offsets would require substantial trade-offs, such as lower agricultural production and non-carbon ecosystem services from forests. The effectiveness of activities could be diluted by negative leakage effects and increasing disturbance regimes. Because forest carbon loss contributes to increasing climate risk and because climate change may impede regeneration following disturbance, avoiding deforestation and promoting regeneration after disturbance should receive high priority as policy considerations. Policies to encourage programs or projects that influence forest carbon sequestration and offset fossil fuel emissions should also consider major items such as leakage, the cyclical nature of forest growth and regrowth, and the extensive demand for and movement of forest products globally, and other greenhouse gas effects, such as methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and recognize other environmental benefits of forests, such as biodiversity, nutrient management, and watershed protection. Activities that contribute to helping forests adapt to the effects of climate change, and which also complement forest carbon storage strategies, would be prudent. C1 [McKinley, Duncan C.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [McKinley, Duncan C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res & Dev WO, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Birdsey, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Houghton, Richard A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Ctr Global Change, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Morrison, James F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Murray, Brian C.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Murray, Brian C.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pataki, Diane E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Pataki, Diane E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Skog, Kenneth E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP McKinley, DC (reprint author), Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, 1200 New York Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM dcmckinley@fs.fed.us RI Pataki, Diane/F-9732-2011; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Forest Service Washington Office FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript. This project was made possible with funding from the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the U.S. Forest Service Washington Office. NR 205 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 27 U2 276 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1902 EP 1924 DI 10.1890/10-0697.1 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900003 PM 21939033 ER PT J AU Ford, CR Laseter, SH Swank, WT Vose, JM AF Ford, Chelcy R. Laseter, Stephanie H. Swank, Wayne T. Vose, James M. TI Can forest management be used to sustain water-based ecosystem services in the face of climate change? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate; Coweeta basin, southern Appalachians, USA; drought risk; forest management; land use; paired watershed; precipitation; streamflow; warming; water supply ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FOREST; ALTERED PRECIPITATION REGIMES; UNITED-STATES; SUCCESSIVE CLEARCUTS; TRENDS; TRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; IMPACTS; CYCLE AB Forested watersheds, an important provider of ecosystems services related to water supply, can have their structure, function, and resulting streamflow substantially altered by land use and land cover. Using a retrospective analysis and synthesis of long-term climate and streamflow data (75 years) from six watersheds differing in management histories we explored whether streamflow responded differently to variation in annual temperature and extreme precipitation than unmanaged watersheds. We show significant increases in temperature and the frequency of extreme wet and dry years since the 1980s. Response models explained almost all streamflow variability (adjusted R-2 > 0.99). In all cases, changing land use altered streamflow. Observed watershed responses differed significantly in wet and dry extreme years in all but a stand managed as a coppice forest. Converting deciduous stands to pine altered the streamflow response to extreme annual precipitation the most; the apparent frequency of observed extreme wet years decreased on average by sevenfold. This increased soil water storage may reduce flood risk in wet years, but create conditions that could exacerbate drought. Forest management can potentially mitigate extreme annual precipitation associated with climate change; however, offsetting effects suggest the need for spatially explicit analyses of risk and vulnerability. C1 [Ford, Chelcy R.; Laseter, Stephanie H.; Swank, Wayne T.; Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Ford, CR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM crford@fs.fed.us OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 FU USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station; USDA Forest Service FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. This work benefited from helpful discussions with participants from USDA Forest Service Workshop on Climate Change and Water funded as part of the FY09 Omnibus Legislation for Climate Change research, especially C. Luce. We acknowledge the support of many individuals, past and present, as well as the long-term climate and hydrologic data network at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab. We are grateful to P. Barten, R. B. Jackson, and L. Zhang for providing helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript, and to J. Moore-Meyers and G. Sun for providing down-scaled GCM data. NR 69 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 75 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2049 EP 2067 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900014 PM 21939043 ER PT J AU Kellner, JR Asner, GP Kinney, KM Loarie, SR Knapp, DE Kennedy-Bowdoin, T Questad, EJ Cordell, S Thaxton, JM AF Kellner, James R. Asner, Gregory P. Kinney, Kealoha M. Loarie, Scott R. Knapp, David E. Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty Questad, Erin J. Cordell, Susan Thaxton, Jarrod M. TI Remote analysis of biological invasion and the impact of enemy release SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE exotic; functional trait; Hawaii; imaging spectroscopy; invasive species; LiDAR; MODIS; remote sensing; resource-use efficiency; tropical dry forest ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; HAWAII; VEGETATION AB Escape from natural enemies is a widely held generalization for the success of exotic plants. We conducted a large-scale experiment in Hawaii (USA) to quantify impacts of ungulate removal on plant growth and performance, and to test whether elimination of an exotic generalist herbivore facilitated exotic success. Assessment of impacted and control sites before and after ungulate exclusion using airborne imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR, time series satellite observations, and ground-based field studies over nine years indicated that removal of generalist herbivores facilitated exotic success, but the abundance of native species was unchanged. Vegetation cover,1 m in height increased in ungulate-free areas from 48.7% +/- 1.5% to 74.3% +/- 1.8% over 8.4 years, corresponding to an annualized growth rate of lambda = 1.05 +/- 0.01 yr(-1) (median +/- SD). Most of the change was attributable to exotic plant species, which increased from 24.4% +/- 1.4% to 49.1% +/- 2.0%, (lambda = 1.08 +/- 0.01 yr(-1)). Native plants experienced no significant change in cover (23.0% +/- 1.3% to 24.2% +/- 1.8%, lambda = 1.01 +/- 0.01 yr(-1)). Time series of satellite phenology were indistinguishable between the treatment and a 3.0-km(2) control site for four years prior to ungulate removal, but they diverged immediately following exclusion of ungulates. Comparison of monthly EVI means before and after ungulate exclusion and between the managed and control areas indicates that EVI strongly increased in the managed area after ungulate exclusion. Field studies and airborne analyses show that the dominant invader was Senecio madagascariensis, an invasive annual forb that increased from <0.01% to 14.7% fractional cover in ungulate-free areas (lambda -1.89 +/- 0.34 yr(-1)), but which was nearly absent from the control site. A combination of canopy LAI, water, and fractional cover were expressed in satellite EVI time series and indicate that the invaded region maintained greenness during drought conditions. These findings demonstrate that enemy release from generalist herbivores can facilitate exotic success and suggest a plausible mechanism by which invasion occurred. They also show how novel remote-sensing technology can be integrated with conservation and management to help address exotic plant invasions. C1 [Kellner, James R.; Asner, Gregory P.; Kinney, Kealoha M.; Loarie, Scott R.; Knapp, David E.; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kellner, James R.; Kinney, Kealoha M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Questad, Erin J.; Cordell, Susan] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Thaxton, Jarrod M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Kellner, JR (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jkellner@umd.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX We thank Meagan Selvig and Melissa Biggs for assistance in the field, and the Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands at Colorado State University. We gratefully acknowledge Warline Richardson for facilitating access to Pohakuloa Training Area and logistic support. This work was supported by a grant from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program to S. Cordell, J. M. Thaxton, and G. P. Asner. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the W. M. Keck Foundation and William Hearst III. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 10 U2 63 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2094 EP 2104 DI 10.1890/10-0859.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900017 PM 21939046 ER PT J AU James, PMA Sturtevant, BR Townsend, P Wolter, P Fortin, MJ AF James, Patrick M. A. Sturtevant, Brian R. Townsend, Phil Wolter, Pete Fortin, Marie-Josee TI Two-dimensional wavelet analysis of spruce budworm host basal area in the Border Lakes landscape SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Choristoneura fumiferana; forest management; forest structure and composition; landscape-scale patterns; logging patterns; MODWT; multi-temporal LANDSAT; remote sensing; spatial legacies; spatial null models; wavelet variance ID CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; HARDWOOD CONTENT; CANOPY NITROGEN; EASTERN CANADA; NORTH-AMERICA; TIME-SERIES; FOREST; SCALE; OUTBREAKS AB Increases in the extent and severity of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks over the last century are thought to be the result of changes in forest structure due to forest management. A corollary of this hypothesis is that manipulations of forest structure and composition can be used to reduce future forest vulnerability. However, to what extent historical forest management has influenced current spatial patterns of spruce budworm host species is unknown. To identify landscape-scale spatial legacies of forest management in patterns of spruce budworm host species (i.e., Abies balsamea and Picea spp.), we analyzed remotely sensed forest data from the Border Lakes landscape of northern Minnesota and northwestern Ontario. Our study area contains three regions with different management histories: (1) fine-scale logging patterns in Minnesota, (2) coarse-scale logging patterns in Ontario, and (3) very limited logging history in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area and adjacent Quetico Provincial Park. We analyzed forest basal-area data using wavelets and null models to identify: (1) at which scales forest basal area is structured, (2) where those scales of pattern are significantly present, and (3) whether regions of local significance correspond to regional boundaries that separate the study area. Results indicate that spatial patterns in host basal area are created by nonstationary processes and that these processes are further constrained by lakes and wetlands. Wavelet analysis combined with significance testing revealed a bimodal distribution of scale-specific wavelet variance and separate zones of host species basal area that partially correspond with regional boundaries, particularly between Minnesota and the Wilderness region. This research represents one of the first comparisons of forest spatial structure in this region across an international border and presents a novel method of two-dimensional wavelet analysis that can be used to identify significant scale-specific structure in spatial data. C1 [James, Patrick M. A.] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. [Sturtevant, Brian R.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Townsend, Phil; Wolter, Pete] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. RP James, PMA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, CW405 Biological Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM pjames@ualberta.ca RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2005-35101-16342]; NSERC; U.S. National Fire Plan FX This research was supported by a grant from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Managed Ecosystems program (2005-35101-16342) awarded to B. R. Sturtevant and P. Townsend, a NSERC-PGS and CFS-NSERC supplement to P. M. A. James, and a NSERC Discovery grant to M.-J. Fortin. Additional financial support for B. R. Sturtevant was provided by the U.S. National Fire Plan. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2197 EP 2209 DI 10.1890/09-1876.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900025 PM 21939054 ER PT J AU Jones-Farrand, DT Fearer, TM Thogmartin, WE Thompson, FR Nelson, MD Tirpak, JM AF Jones-Farrand, D. Todd Fearer, Todd M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Thompson, Frank R., III Nelson, Mark D. Tirpak, John M. TI Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: the benefit of ensemble prediction SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; Breeding Bird Survey; classification and regression tree; forest inventory and analysis; habitat suitability index; model uncertainty; species distribution model ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Selection of a modeling approach is an important step in the conservation planning process, but little guidance is available. We compared two statistical and three theoretical habitat modeling approaches representing those currently being used for avian conservation planning at landscape and regional scales: hierarchical spatial count (HSC), classification and regression tree (CRT), habitat suitability index (HSI), forest structure database (FS), and habitat association database (HA). We focused our comparison on models for five priority forest-breeding species in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region: Acadian Flycatcher, Cerulean Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Red-headed Woodpecker, and Worm-eating Warbler. Lacking complete knowledge on the distribution and abundance of each species with which we could illuminate differences between approaches and provide strong grounds for recommending one approach over another, we used two approaches to compare models: rank correlations among model outputs and comparison of spatial correspondence. In general, rank correlations were significantly positive among models for each species, indicating general agreement among the models. Worm-eating Warblers had the highest pairwise correlations, all of which were significant (P < 0.05). Red-headed Woodpeckers had the lowest agreement among models, suggesting greater uncertainty in the relative conservation value of areas within the region. We assessed model uncertainty by mapping the spatial congruence in priorities (i.e., top ranks) resulting from each model for each species and calculating the coefficient of variation across model ranks for each location. This allowed identification of areas more likely to be good targets of conservation effort for a species, those areas that were least likely, and those in between where uncertainty is higher and thus conservation action incorporates more risk. Based on our results, models developed independently for the same purpose (conservation planning for a particular species in a particular geography) yield different answers and thus different conservation strategies. We assert that using only one habitat model (even if validated) as the foundation of a conservation plan is risky. Using multiple models (i.e., ensemble prediction) can reduce uncertainty and increase efficacy of conservation action when models corroborate one another and increase understanding of the system when they do not. C1 [Jones-Farrand, D. Todd] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fearer, Todd M.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71655 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nelson, Mark D.] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tirpak, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jones-Farrand, DT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM David_Jones-Farrand@fws.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service FX This study was primarily supported by grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 3 and Region 4 small grants programs) and the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors thank their respective employers for allowing them to contribute time and effort to this project. We also thank E. Laurent, B. Potter, and two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments helped improve this manuscript. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2269 EP 2282 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900031 PM 21939060 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Callaway, RM Maron, JL AF Pearson, Dean E. Callaway, Ragan M. Maron, John L. TI Biotic resistance via granivory: establishment by invasive, naturalized, and native asters reflects generalist preference SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotic resistance; Centaurea maculosa; Centaurea stoebe; chemical defense; feeding trials; Peromyscus maniculatus; recruitment; seed addition; seed mass; seed predation ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; DEER MOUSE-POPULATIONS; SEED PREDATION; APPARENT COMPETITION; OLD-FIELDS; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; HERBIVORES; INVADERS; RODENTS AB Escape from specialist natural enemies is frequently invoked to explain exotic plant invasions, but little attention has been paid to how generalist consumers in the recipient range may influence invasion. We examined how seed preferences of the widespread generalist granivore Peromyscus maniculatus related to recruitment of the strongly invasive exotic Centaurea stoebe and several weakly invasive exotics and natives by conducting laboratory feeding trials and seed addition experiments in the field. Laboratory feeding trials showed that P. maniculatus avoided consuming seeds of C. stoebe relative to the 12 other species tested, even when seeds of alternative species were 53-94% smaller than those of C. stoebe. Seed addition experiments conducted in and out of rodent exclosures revealed that weakly invasive exotics experienced relatively greater release from seed predation than C. stoebe, although this was not the case for natives. Seed mass explained 81% of the variation in recruitment associated with rodent exclusion for natives and weak invaders, with larger-seeded species benefiting most from protection from granivores. However, recruitment of C. stoebe was unaffected by rodent exclusion, even though the regression model predicted seeds of correspondingly large mass should experience substantial predation. These combined laboratory and field results suggest that generalist granivores can be an important biological filter in plant communities and that species-specific seed attributes that determine seed predation may help to explain variation in native plant recruitment and the success of exotic species invasions. C1 [Pearson, Dean E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Pearson, Dean E.; Callaway, Ragan M.; Maron, John L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us FU NSF [DEB-0915409, DEB-0614406]; USDA CSREES [2005-35101-16040]; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We thank Brian Connolly, Yvette Ortega, and anonymous reviewers for valuable feedback on the manuscript. Yvette Ortega advised on the SAS analysis, and L. Scott Baggett consulted on the compositional analysis. We thank William Brann, Jessica Brewer, Carl Brown, Warren Hansen, Winslow Hansen, Chris Henderson, Leslie Parker, Teal Potter, Samantha Sears, Anna Semple, Giles Thelen, and Matthew Wegener for field and laboratory help. This work was supported by NSF DEB-0915409 and USDA CSREES 2005-35101-16040 grants to John Maron and Dean Pearson and NSF DEB-0614406 to John Maron and Ragan Callaway and support from the Rocky Mountain Research Station to Ragan Callaway, Dean Pearson, and John Maron. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2011 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1748 EP 1757 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810UK UT WOS:000294152800006 PM 21939071 ER PT J AU Jang, SI Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Lee, KW Lillehoj, EP Bertrand, F Dupuis, L Deville, S AF Jang, Seung I. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Lee, Kyung Woo Lillehoj, Erik P. Bertrand, Francois Dupuis, Laurent Deville, Sebastien TI Mucosal immunity against Eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens following oral immunization with profilin in Montanide (TM) adjuvants SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian coccidiosis; Mucosal vaccine; Adjuvant ID MOUTH-DISEASE VACCINE; IFN-GAMMA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DNA VACCINATION; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; MAXIMA; COCCIDIOSIS; EXPRESSION AB The present study was conducted to compare aqueous nanoparticle-based Montanide (TM) IMS 1313 N VG PR (IMS 1313) and oil-based ISA 71 VG (ISA71) adjuvants in combination with an Eimeria subunit protein vaccine on protection against avian coccidiosis. Male broiler chicks were vaccinated twice with an Eimeria recombinant profilin protein alone or in conjunction with IMS 1313 or ISA 71 prior to infection with live, sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts. For comparison, chickens were immunized with a commercial live coccidiosis vaccine (Coccivac-B). The following parameters were assessed as measures of protective immunity: body weight gain, fecal oocyst output, profilin-specific intestinal secretary IgA (sIgA) or IgY antibody levels, and percentages of CD4(+), CD8(+), TCR1(+), or TCR2(+) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Birds vaccinated with profilin plus ISA 71 had increased body weight gains, equivalent to Coccivac-B vaccination, compared with the profilin-only group. Immunization with profilin plus IMS 1313, or with profilin plus ISA 71, reduced fecal oocysts shedding compared with the profilin-only group. Intestinal sIgA levels were greater in the profilin plus IMS 1313 or ISA 71 groups, and IgY levels were greater in the profilin plus ISA 71 group, compared with profilin alone. Birds vaccinated with profilin plus IMS 1313 or ISA 71 had higher percentages of CD4(+), CD8(+), and TCR1(+), but not TCR2(+), intestinal IELs compared with the profilin-only vaccinated group. Taken together, these results indicate that immunization of chickens with the recombinant profilin subunit vaccine in conjunction with IMS 1313 or ISA 71 adjuvants increases protective immunity against experimental E. acervulina infection. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jang, Seung I.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Lee, Sung Hyen; Lee, Kyung Woo] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bertrand, Francois; Dupuis, Laurent; Deville, Sebastien] SEPPIC, F-92800 Puteaux La Defense, France. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 1043,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov FU ARS; USDA; SEPPIC, Inc. (Puteaux, France); The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea [R33-10013] FX This project was partially supported by a Trust agreement established between ARS, USDA and SEPPIC, Inc. (Puteaux, France) and The World Class University Program (R33-10013) of The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of South Korea. The authors thank Ms. Margie Nichols and Ms. Stacy Torreyson for their technical assistance. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 129 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.05.021 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 808QI UT WOS:000293993100007 PM 21627964 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Hofacre, CL AF Berrang, M. E. Meinersmann, R. J. Hofacre, C. L. TI Spray washing, absorbent cornstarch powder, and drying time to reduce bacterial numbers on soiled transport cage flooring SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler transport; cage washing; Campylobacter; drying; Escherichia coli ID WATER SPRAY; CAMPYLOBACTER; RECOVERY; CONTAMINATION; CHICKENS; BROILERS AB Broiler transport cages are often used repeatedly without washing, and fecal matter deposited on the floor surface can transfer Campylobacter from one flock to another. Allowing feces to dry is an effective but slow and logistically impractical means to kill Campylobacter in soiled transport cages. The objective of this study was to test the addition of an absorbent powder to boost the efficiency of cage drying as a sanitation procedure. Squares (5 x 5 cm) of fiberglass transport cage flooring were covered with broiler ceca and colon contents for 60 min, spray washed, and then covered with a known quantity of cornstarch or left untreated as controls. All squares were left to dry for 0.25, 2, 4, or 24 h before sampling for Campylobacter counts, reported as log colony-forming units per floor square. At 0.25 h of drying time, cornstarch alone did not significantly reduce the number of Campylobacter or Escherichia coli compared with the unwashed controls; spray washing decreased numbers by more than 90%, and a combination of washing followed by cornstarch decreased numbers by about 3 log (99.9%). By 2 h of drying time, no Campylobacter was detected on spray-washed flooring with or without cornstarch, compared with 5.60 log cfu on control unwashed flooring and 4.46 log cfu on cornstarch-treated unwashed flooring. At 24 h of drying time, no Campylobacter was detected on any flooring and no E. coli was detected on spray-washed flooring. We conclude that an absorbent powder may aid in the desiccation-caused death of bacteria on soiled transport cage flooring in a short turnaround time scenario. C1 [Berrang, M. E.; Meinersmann, R. J.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hofacre, C. L.] Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 378 EP 382 DI 10.3382/japr.2011-00365 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 811VT UT WOS:000294245100015 ER PT J AU Yates, SR McConnell, LL Hapeman, CJ Papiernik, SK Gao, S Trabue, SL AF Yates, S. R. McConnell, L. L. Hapeman, C. J. Papiernik, S. K. Gao, S. Trabue, S. L. TI Managing Agricultural Emissions to the Atmosphere: State of the Science, Fate and Mitigation, and Identifying Research Gaps SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS; METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; AIR-POLLUTION; AMMONIA EMISSION; PLASTIC FILMS; ACCELERATED TRANSFORMATION; REDUCE 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; CHLOROPICRIN EMISSIONS; FUMIGANT EMISSIONS; FIELD MEASUREMENT AB The impact of agriculture on regional air quality creates significant challenges to sustainability of food supplies and to the quality of national resources. Agricultural emissions to the atmosphere can lead to many nuisances, such as smog, haze, or offensive odors. They can also create more serious effects on human or environmental health, such as those posed by pesticides and other toxic industrial pollutants. It is recognized that deterioration of the atmosphere is undesirable, but the short- and long-term impacts of specific agricultural activities on air quality are not well known or understood. These concerns led to the organization of the 2009 American Chemical Society Symposium titled Managing Agricultural Gas and Particle Emissions. An outcome of this symposium is this special collection of 14 research papers focusing on various issues associated with production agriculture and its effect on air quality. Topics included emissions from animal feeding operations, odors, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, mitigation, modeling, and risk assessment. These papers provide new research insights, identify gaps in current knowledge, and recommend important future research directions. As the scientific community gains a better understanding of the relationships between anthropogenic activities and their effects on environmental systems, technological advances should enable a reduction in adverse consequences on the environment. C1 [Yates, S. R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [McConnell, L. L.; Hapeman, C. J.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Papiernik, S. K.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. [Gao, S.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Trabue, S. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.yates@ars.usda.gov RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 130 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1358 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0142 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800001 PM 21869496 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Yates, SR Chellemi, DO AF Papiernik, Sharon K. Yates, Scott R. Chellemi, Daniel O. TI A Standardized Approach for Estimating the Permeability of Plastic Films to Soil Fumigants under Various Field and Environmental Conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VINYL ALCOHOL COPOLYMER; HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; CHLOROPICRIN EMISSIONS; AMORPHOUS POLYAMIDE; GAS-PERMEABILITY; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; WATER AB Minimizing atmospheric emissions of soil fumigants is critical for protecting human and environmental health. Covering the soil surface with a plastic tarp is a common approach to restrict fumigant emissions. The mass transfer of the fumigant vapors through the tarp is often the rate-limiting factor in fumigant emissions. An approach for standardizing measurements of film permeability is proposed that is based on determining the resistance (R) of films to diffusion of fumigants. Using this approach, R values were determined for more than 200 film-chemical combinations under a range of temperature, relative humidity, and film handling conditions. Resistance to diffusion was specific for each fumigant/film combination, with the largest range of values observed for the fumigant chloropicrin. For each fumigant, R decreased with increasing temperature. Changes in film permeability due to increases in temperature or field installation were generally less than a factor of five. For one film, R values determined under conditions of very high relative humidity (similar to 100%) were at least 100 times lower than when humidity was very low (similar to 2%). This approach simplifies the selection of appropriate films for soil fumigation by providing rapid, reproducible, and precise measurements of their permeability to specific fumigants and application conditions. C1 [Papiernik, Sharon K.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Chellemi, Daniel O.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM sharon.papiernik@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Qiaoping Zhang, who obtained the experimental data. The cooperation of manufacturers and distributors in providing samples of plastic films is appreciated. This work was partially funded by the USDA-ARS Area-Wide Pest Management Project for Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1382 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0118 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800004 PM 21869499 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Dungan, RS Bjorneberg, DL Koehn, AC AF Leytem, April B. Dungan, Robert S. Bjorneberg, David L. Koehn, Anita C. TI Emissions of Ammonia, Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Nitrous Oxide from Dairy Cattle Housing and Manure Management Systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; TRACE GAS CONCENTRATIONS; TO-AIR EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE-GAS; FIELD TRIAL; NEW-ZEALAND; COWS; LIVESTOCK; SLURRY; FEEDLOT AB Concentrated animal feeding operations emit trace gases such as ammonia (NH(3)), methane (CH(4)), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O). The implementation of air quality regulations in livestock-producing states increases the need for accurate on-farm determination of emission rates. The objective of this study was to determine the emission rates of NH(3), CH(4), CO(2), and N(2)O from three source areas (open lots, wastewater pond, compost) on a commercial dairy located in southern Idaho. Gas concentrations and wind statistics were measured each month and used with an inverse dispersion model to calculate emission rates. Average emissions per cow per day from the open lots were 0.13 kg NH(3), 0.49 kg CH(4), 28.1 kg CO(2), and 0.01 kg N(2)O. Average emissions from the wastewater pond (g m(-2) d(-1)) were 2.0 g NH(3), 103 g CH(4), 637 g CO(2), and 0.49 g N(2)O. Average emissions from the compost facility (g m(-2) d(-1)) were 1.6 g NH(3), 13.5 g CH(4), 516 g CO(2), and 0.90 g N(2)O. The combined emissions of NH(3), CH(4), CO(2), and N(2)O from the lots, wastewater pond and compost averaged 0.15, 1.4, 30.0, and 0.02 kg cow(-1) d(-1), respectively. The open lot areas generated the greatest emissions of NH(3), CO(2), and N(2)O, contributing 78, 80, and 57%, respectively, to total farm emissions. Methane emissions were greatest from the lots in the spring (74% of total), after which the wastewater pond became the largest source of emissions (55% of total) for the remainder of the year. Data from this study can be used to develop trace gas emissions factors from open-lot dairies in southern Idaho and potentially other open-lot production systems in similar climatic regions. C1 [Leytem, April B.; Dungan, Robert S.; Bjorneberg, David L.; Koehn, Anita C.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM april.leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 9 U2 91 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1394 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0515 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800005 PM 21869500 ER PT J AU Moore, PA Miles, D Burns, R Pote, D Berg, K Choi, IH AF Moore, Philip A., Jr. Miles, Dana Burns, Robert Pote, Dan Berg, Kess Choi, In Hag TI Ammonia Emission Factors from Broiler Litter in Barns, in Storage, and after Land Application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; POULTRY LITTER; VOLATILIZATION; HOUSES; AGRICULTURE; CHICKENS; MANURE; WATER AB We measured NH(3) emissions from litter in broiler houses, during storage, and after land application and conducted a mass balance of N in poultry houses. Four state-of-the-art tunnel-ventilated broiler houses in northwest Arkansas were equipped with NH(3) sensors, anemometers, and data loggers to continuously record NH(3) concentrations and ventilation for 1 yr. Gaseous fluxes of NH(3), N(2)O, CH(4), and CO(2) from litter were measured. Nitrogen (N) inputs and outputs were quantified. Ammonia emissions during storage and after land application were measured. Ammonia emissions during the flock averaged approximately 15.2 kg per day-house (equivalent to 28.3 g NH(3) per bird marketed). Emissions between flocks equaled 9.09 g NH(3) per bird. Hence, in-house NH(3) emissions were 37.5 g NH(3) per bird, or 14.5 g kg(-1) bird marketed (50-d-old birds). The mass balance study showed N inputs for the year to the four houses totaled 71,340 kg N, with inputs from bedding, chicks, and feed equal to 303, 602, and 70,435 kg, respectively (equivalent to 0.60, 1.19, and 139.56 g N per bird). Nitrogen outputs totaled 70,396 kg N. Annual N output from birds marketed, NH(3) emissions, litter or cake, mortality, and N(2)O emissions was 39,485, 15,571, 14,464, 635, and 241 kg N, respectively (equivalent to 78.2, 30.8, 28.7, 1.3, and 0.5 g N per bird). The percent N recovery for the N mass balance study was 98.8%. Ammonia emissions from stacked litter during a 16-d storage period were 172 g Mg(-1) litter, which is equivalent to 0.18 g NH(3) per bird. Ammonia losses from poultry litter broadcast to pastures were 34 kg N ha(-1) (equivalent to 15% of total N applied or 7.91 g NH(3) per bird). When the litter was incorporated into the pasture using a new knifing technique, NH(3) losses were virtually zero. The total NH(3) emission factor for broilers measured in this study, which includes losses in-house, during storage, and after land application, was 45.6 g NH(3) per bird marketed. C1 [Moore, Philip A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Miles, Dana] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Burns, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pote, Dan] USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Berg, Kess] Cyngenta Seed, Lebanon, IN 46052 USA. [Choi, In Hag] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Cheongju, South Korea. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Plant Sci 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM philipm@uark.edu FU U.S. Poultry & Egg Association FX The authors thank Jerry Martin, Scott Becton, David Horlick, Suzanne Horlick, Austin Simco, Graydon Carruth, Chad Kirkpatrick, and Shanique Murray, whose assistance in the field and laboratory was invaluable. We also thank Drs. Curtis Dell, Felipe Montes, Paul DeLaune, Wes Wood, and Annie Donoghue for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript and the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association for providing funding for this research. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1404 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0383 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800006 PM 21869501 ER PT J AU Woodbury, BL Eigenberg, RA Varel, V Lesch, S Spiehs, MJ AF Woodbury, Bryan L. Eigenberg, Roger A. Varel, Vince Lesch, Scott Spiehs, Mindy J. TI Using Electromagnetic Induction Technology to Predict Volatile Fatty Acid, Source Area Differences SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; ODOR COMPOUNDS; GAS EMISSIONS; SENSOR DATA; SOIL; MANURE AB Subsurface measures have been adapted to identify manure accumulation on feedlot surfaces. Understanding where manure accumulates can be useful to develop management practices that mitigate air emissions from manure, such as odor or greenhouse gases. Objectives were to determine if electromagnetic induction could be used to predict differences in volatile fatty acids (VFA) and other volatiles produced in vitro from feedlot surface material following a simulated rain event. Twenty soil samples per pen were collected from eight pens with cattle fed two different diets using a predictive sampling approach. These samples were incubated at room temperature for 3 d to determine fermentation products formed. Fermentation products were categorized into acetate, straight-, branched-chained, and total VFAs. These data were used to develop calibration prediction models on the basis of properties measured by electromagnetic induction (EMI). Diet had no significant effect on mean volatile solids (VS) concentration of accumulated manure. However, manure from cattle fed a corn (Zea mays L.)-based diet had significantly (P <= 0.1) greater mean straight-chained and total VFA generation than pens where wet distillers grain with solubles (WDGS) were fed. Alternately, pens with cattle fed a WDGS-based diet had significantly (P <= 0.05) greater branched-chained VFAs than pens with cattle fed a corn-based diet. Many branched-chain VFAs have a lower odor threshold than straight-chained VFAs; therefore, emissions from WDGS-based diet manure would probably have a lower odor threshold. We concluded that diets can affect the types and quantities of VFAs produced following a rain event. Understanding odorant accumulation patterns and the ability to predict generation can be used to develop precision management practices to mitigate odor emissions. C1 [Woodbury, Bryan L.; Eigenberg, Roger A.; Varel, Vince; Spiehs, Mindy J.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Lesch, Scott] Riverside Publ Util Resource Div, Riverside, CA USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bryan.woodbury@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1416 EP 1422 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0438 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800008 PM 21869503 ER PT J AU Gish, TJ Prueger, JH Daughtry, CST Kustas, WP McKee, LG Russ, AL Hatfield, JL AF Gish, Timothy J. Prueger, John H. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Kustas, William P. McKee, Lynn G. Russ, Andrew L. Hatfield, Jerry L. TI Comparison of Field-scale Herbicide Runoff and Volatilization Losses: An Eight-Year Field Investigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; METOLACHLOR VOLATILIZATION; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PESTICIDE RUNOFF; DRAIN WATER; ATRAZINE; SURFACE; DEPOSITION AB An 8-yr study was conducted to better understand factors influencing year-to-year variability in field-scale herbicide volatilization and surface runoff losses. The 21-ha research site is located at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, MD. Site location, herbicide formulations, and agricultural management practices remained unchanged throughout the duration of the study. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] and atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] were coapplied as a surface broadcast spray. Herbicide runoff was monitored from a month before application through harvest. A flux gradient technique was used to compute volatilization fluxes for the first 5 d after application using herbicide concentration profiles and turbulent fluxes of heat and water vapor as determined from eddy covariance measurements. Results demonstrated that volatilization losses for these two herbicides were significantly greater than runoff losses (P < 0.007), even though both have relatively low vapor pressures. The largest annual runoff loss for metolachlor never exceeded 2.5%, whereas atrazine runoff never exceeded 3% of that applied. On the other hand, herbicide cumulative volatilization losses after 5 d ranged from about 5 to 63% of that applied for metolachlor and about 2 to 12% of that applied for atrazine. Additionally, daytime herbicide volatilization losses were significantly greater than nighttime vapor losses (P < 0.05). This research confirmed that vapor losses for some commonly used herbicides frequently exceeds runoff losses and herbicide vapor losses on the same site and with the same management practices can vary significantly year to year depending on local environmental conditions. C1 [Gish, Timothy J.; Kustas, William P.; McKee, Lynn G.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Prueger, John H.; Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Gish, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM timothy.gish@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1432 EP 1442 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0092 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800010 PM 21869505 ER PT J AU Wang, D Yates, SR Gao, S AF Wang, D. Yates, S. R. Gao, S. TI Chloropicrin Emissions after Shank Injection: Two-Dimensional Analytical and Numerical Model Simulations of Different Source Methods and Field Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; SOIL FUMIGATION; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION; FUMIGANTS; BROMIDE; TOMATO; PESTICIDE; EFFICACY AB Understanding the control mechanisms of fumigant movement in soil is a fundamental step for developing management strategies to reduce atmospheric emissions. Most soil fumigants including chloropicrin (CP) are applied by shank injection, and the application process often leaves vertical soil fractures that would potentially cause preferential fumigant movement and increased emissions. This potential transport pathway was evaluated by comparing cumulative emissions and soil air concentrations of CP from direct field measurements with those predicted using analytical and numerical models after assuming either point or rectangle sources for the injected CP. Results clearly showed that shank-injected CP, when treated as vertical rectangle sources, produced cumulative emission losses similar to the field measurements. Treating the shanked CP as point sources caused approximately 50% underprediction than the field measurements. The study also demonstrated that fumigant cumulative emissions can be predicted, with reasonable accuracy, using either analytical or numerical simulations. C1 [Wang, D.; Gao, S.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Yates, S. R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dong.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1443 EP 1449 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0233 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800011 PM 21869506 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Knuteson, J Zheng, W Wang, Q AF Yates, S. R. Knuteson, J. Zheng, W. Wang, Q. TI Effect of Organic Material on Field-scale Emissions of 1,3-Dichloropropene SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSIONS; REDUCE 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; CHLOROPICRIN EMISSIONS; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION; WATER; FLUX; INJECTION; THIOSULFATE; PESTICIDES AB Soil fumigation is important for growing many fruits and vegetable crops, but fumigant emissions may contaminate the atmosphere. A large-scale field experiment was initiated to test the hypothesis that adding composted municipal green waste to the soil surface in an agricultural field would reduce atmospheric emissions of the 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) after shank injection at a 133 kg ha(-1) application rate. Three micrometeorological methods were used to obtain fumigant flux density and cumulative emission values. The volatilization rate was measured continuously for 16 d, and the daily peak volatilization rates for the three methods ranged from 12 to 24 mu g m(-2) s(-1). The total 1,3-D mass that volatilized to the atmosphere was approximately 14 to 68 kg, or 3 to 8% of the applied active ingredient. This represents an approximately 75 to 90% reduction in the total emissions compared with other recent field, field-plot, and laboratory studies. Significant reductions in the volatilization of 1,3-D may be possible when composted municipal green waste is applied to an agricultural field. This methodology also provides a beneficial use and disposal mechanism for composted vegetative material. C1 [Yates, S. R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.yates@ars.usda.gov FU California Air Resources Board [05-351] FX The authors thank Q. Zhang, Fred Ernst, J. Jobes and A. Khan for their assistance with the experiment. Part of the research described was supported by the California Air Resources Board (agreement #05-351). NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1470 EP 1479 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0206 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800014 PM 21869509 ER PT J AU Gao, SD Hanson, BD Qin, RJ Wang, D Yates, SR AF Gao, Suduan Hanson, Bradley D. Qin, Ruijun Wang, Dong Yates, Scott R. TI Comparisons of Soil Surface Sealing Methods to Reduce Fumigant Emission Loss SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; SHANK INJECTION; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; FIELD; DEGRADATION; VOLATILIZATION; CHLOROPICRIN; TEMPERATURE; THIOSULFATE; AMENDMENT AB State and federal regulatory agencies depend on quality field data for determining the effects of agricultural management practices on fumigant emissions to develop sound, science-based policies and regulations on preplant soil fumigants. Field plot tests, using growers' standard field operation procedures, were used to simultaneously determine the effectiveness of several commonly proposed emission reduction methods, in a trial involving shank injection of Telone II [a.i. 1,3-dichloropropnene (1,3-D)] to a sandy loam soil to a target rate of 372 kg ha(-1). The experiment was conducted in late September 2008 in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Fumigant emissions were captured using dynamic flux chambers. The results showed that virtually impermeable film (VIF) reduced emissions >95% when compared to bare soil, and the glue joints in the film did not significantly affect the tarp performance. The VIF also created a more uniform distribution of gaseous fumigant in the soil profile, which would likely benefit pest control efficacy. Standard high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp reduced total 1,3-D emissions about 50% (higher than most reported values) in this trial, whereas postfumigation intermittent water treatments (seals) reduced cumulative emission losses by approximately 20%. Adding 49.4 Mg ha(-1) (equivalent to 20 tons per acre) of composted dairy manure to surface soils did not reduce 1,3-D emissions during this experiment. Use of VIF was the most promising technique in reducing emissions and has the potential to allow lower application rates while providing satisfactory pest control. C1 [Gao, Suduan; Hanson, Bradley D.; Qin, Ruijun; Wang, Dong] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gao, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Suduan.Gao@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011 FU USDA-ARS; Almond Board of California; Fruit Tree; Nut Tree; Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board (IAB) FX Funding for this research was provided by USDA-ARS Pacific Area-Wide Pest Management Program for Integrated Methyl Bromide Alternatives, Almond Board of California, and Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board (IAB). We thank TriCal Inc. and Dow AgroSciences for providing in-kind donations. Technical support to this research was received from Robert Shenk, Allison Kenyon, Tom Pflaum, Jim Gartung, Stella Zambrzuski, Nancy Goodell, Curtis Koga, Ashley Torres, Matt Gonzales, and Carl Hawk, as well as other supporting staff involved at San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1480 EP 1487 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0422 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800015 PM 21869510 ER PT J AU Trabue, S Kerr, B Bearson, B Ziemer, C AF Trabue, Steven Kerr, Brian Bearson, Bradley Ziemer, Cherie TI Swine Odor Analyzed by Odor Panels and Chemical Techniques SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTOMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FIELD SAMPLING METHOD; MANURE COMPOSITION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; NORTH-CAROLINA; TEDLAR BAGS; AIR; EMISSIONS AB The National Research Council identified odors as a significant animal emission and highlighted the need to develop standardized protocols for sampling and analysis. The purpose of our study was to compare different odor sampling techniques for monitoring odors emitted from stored swine manure. In our study, odorous headspace air from swine manure holding tanks were analyzed by human panels and analytical techniques. Odorous air was analyzed by human panels using dynamic dilution olfactometry (DDO). Chemical analysis used acid traps for ammonia (NH3), fluorescence for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Chemical analysis included the use of gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) for determining key odorants. Chemical odorant concentrations were converted to odor activity values (OAVs) based on literature odor thresholds. The GC-O technique used was GC-SNIF. Dilution thresholds measured by different odor panels were significantly different by almost an order of magnitude even though the main odorous compound concentrations had not changed significantly. Only 5% of the key odorous VOCs total OAVs was recovered from the Tedlar bags used in DDO analysis. Ammonia was the only chemical odorant significantly correlated with DDO analysis in the fresh (1 wk) and aged manure. Chemical analysis showed that odor concentration stabilized after 5 to 7 wk and that H2S was the most dominant odorant. In aged manure, neither volatile fatty acids (VFAs) nor H2S was correlated with any other chemical odorant, but NH3, phenols, and indoles were correlated, and phenols and indoles were highly correlated. Correlation of odorant concentration was closely associated with the origin of the odorant in the diet. Key odorants determined by chemical and GC-O included indoles, phenols, NH3, and several VFAs (butanoic, 3-methylbutanoic, and pentanoic acids). C1 [Trabue, Steven; Kerr, Brian; Bearson, Bradley; Ziemer, Cherie] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trabue, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 61 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1510 EP 1520 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0522 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800018 PM 21869513 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Maharjan, B Dolan, MS AF Venterea, Rodney T. Maharjan, Bijesh Dolan, Michael S. TI Fertilizer Source and Tillage Effects on Yield-Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Corn Cropping System SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED CONTINUOUS CORN; LONG-TERM; NO-TILL; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; N2O EMISSIONS; MITIGATION OPTIONS; GAS FLUXES; CLAY SOIL; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION AB Management practices such as fertilizer or tillage regime may affect nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions and crop yields, each of which is commonly expressed with respect to area (e. g., kg N ha(-1) or Mg grain ha(-1)). Expressing N(2)O emissions per unit of yield can account for both of these management impacts and might provide a useful metric for greenhouse gas inventories by relating N(2)O emissions to grain production rates. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of long-term (>17 yr) tillage treatments and N fertilizer source on area- and yield-scaled N(2)O emissions, soil N intensity, and nitrogen use efficiency for rainfed corn (Zea mays L.) in Minnesota over three growing seasons. Two different controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) and conventional urea (CU) were surface-applied at 146 kg N ha(-1) several weeks after planting to conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) treatments. Yield-scaled emissions across all treatments represented 0.4 to 1.1% of the N harvested in the grain. Both CRFs reduced soil nitrate intensity, but not N(2)O emissions, compared with CU. One CRF, consisting of nitrification and urease inhibitors added to urea, decreased N(2)O emissions compared with a polymer-coated urea (PCU). The PCU tended to have lower yields during the drier years of the study, which increased its yield-scaled N(2)O emissions. The overall effectiveness of CRFs compared with CU in this study may have been reduced because they were applied several weeks after corn was planted. Across all N treatments, area-scaled N(2)O emissions were not significantly affected by tillage. However, when expressed per unit yield of grain, grain N, or total aboveground N, N(2)O emissions with NT were 52, 66, and 69% greater, respectively, compared with CT. Thus, in this cropping system and climate regime, production of an equivalent amount of grain using NT would generate substantially more N(2)O compared with CT. C1 [Venterea, Rodney T.; Dolan, Michael S.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Venterea, Rodney T.; Maharjan, Bijesh] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venterea@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 FU USDA [2009-55112-05216]; International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research; Agricultural Research Service of the USDA FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of S. Baldivins, C. Clayton, A. Dwinnell, L. Endo, S. Ewert, R. Fujinuma, S. Johnson, J. Leonard, S. Olson, J. Rowe, W. Shanley, L. Watson, M. Watson, K. Wendt, and three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-55112-05216 from the USDA CSREES/NIFA Air Quality Program, the International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research (with support from Agrium Advanced Technologies and Agrotain International), and the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA as part of the GRACEnet Project. NR 48 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 10 U2 86 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1521 EP 1531 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0039 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800019 PM 21869514 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Archer, DW Weyers, SL Barbour, NW AF Johnson, Jane M-F Archer, David W. Weyers, Sharon L. Barbour, Nancy W. TI Do Mitigation Strategies Reduce Global Warming Potential in the Northern U.S. Corn Belt? SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX; SOIL CARBON; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; OXIDE AB Agricultural management practices that enhance C sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas emission (nitrous oxide [N(2)O], methane [CH(4)], and carbon dioxide [CO(2)]), and promote productivity are needed to mitigate global warming without sacrificing food production. The objectives of the study were to compare productivity, greenhouse gas emission, and change in soil C over time and to assess whether global warming potential and global warming potential per unit biomass produced were reduced through combined mitigation strategies when implemented in the northern U.S. Corn Belt. The systems compared were (i) business as usual (BAU); (ii) maximum C sequestration (MAXC); and (iii) optimum greenhouse gas benefit (OGGB). Biomass production, greenhouse gas flux, change in total and organic soil C, and global warming potential were compared among the three systems. Soil organic C accumulated only in the surface 0 to 5 cm. Three-year average emission of N(2)O and CH(4) was similar among all management systems. When integrated from planting to planting, N(2)O emission was similar for MAXC and OGGB systems, although only MAXC was fertilized. Overall, the three systems had similar global warming potential based on 4-yr changes in soil organic C, but average rotation biomass was less in the OGGB systems. Global warming potential per dry crop yield was the least for the MAXC system and the most for OGGB system. This suggests management practices designed to reduce global warming potential can be achieved without a loss of productivity. For example, MAXC systems over time may provide sufficient soil C sequestration to off set associated greenhouse gas emission. C1 [Johnson, Jane M-F; Weyers, Sharon L.; Barbour, Nancy W.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Archer, David W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM jane.johnson@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1551 EP 1559 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0105 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800022 PM 21869517 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Sikora, L AF Hakk, Heldur Sikora, Lawrence TI Dissipation of 17 beta-Estradiol in Composted Poultry Litter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; ESTROGENS; HORMONES; MANURE; FATE; TESTOSTERONE; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTANTS; ESTRADIOL AB The excreted estrogen rate of all livestock in the United States is estimated at 134 kg d(-1). The influence of manure treatment on the fate of estrogens is critical in deciding the recycling of over 300 million dry tons of livestock produced annually. The effects of two common manure management practices, heated composting and ambient temperature decomposition, on the fate of 17 beta-estradiol in poultry litter were determined. A mixture of poultry litter, wood chips, and straw was amended with [(14)C] 17 beta-estradiol and allowed to undergo decomposition with a laboratory-scale heated composter (HC) or room temperature incubation (RTI) for 24 d. Radiolabel in the finished products was fractionated into water-extractable, acetone-extractable, nonextractable, and mineralized fractions. Total 17 beta-estradiol radioactive residues in the HC and RTI (n = 2) treatments were not different (P > 0.05), except that statistically less 17 beta-estradiol was mineralized to (14)CO(2) during HC than RTI (1.1 vs. 10.0% for HC and RTI, respectively). Estrone was the major degradation product in extracts of HC and RTI treatments as determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. The nonextractable residues indicated no quantitative differences among the humins between the treatments. An estimated 3% of the fortified estrogenicity remained after HC treatment, and 15% of the fortified estrogenicity remained after RTI treatment. If reduction of water-removable, biologically active 17 beta-estradiol is the treatment goal, then HC treatment would be slightly preferred over ambient temperature degradation. However, unmanaged, ambient temperature litter piles are less costly and time consuming for food animal producers and result in greater mineralization and similar immobilization of estradiol. C1 [Hakk, Heldur] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Sikora, Lawrence] Compost Utilizat & Syst, China Village, ME 04926 USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM heldur.hakk@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1560 EP 1566 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0538 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800023 PM 21869518 ER PT J AU Zipper, CE Burger, JA McGrath, JM Rodrigue, JA Holtzman, GI AF Zipper, C. E. Burger, J. A. McGrath, J. M. Rodrigue, J. A. Holtzman, G. I. TI Forest Restoration Potentials of Coal-Mined Lands in the Eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL PRODUCTIVITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; TREE SURVIVAL; WHITE-PINE; VIRGINIA; GROWTH; OVERBURDEN; NITROGEN; CLASSIFICATION; APPALACHIANS AB The Appalachian region in the eastern United Sates is home to the Earth's most extensive temperate deciduous forests, but coal mining has caused forest loss and fragmentation. More than 6000 km(2) in Appalachia have been mined for coal since 1980 under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA). We assessed Appalachian areas mined under SMCRA for forest restoration potentials. Our objectives were to characterize soils and vegetation, to compare soil properties with those of pre-SMCRA mined lands that were reforested successfully, and to determine the effects of site age on measured properties. Soils were sampled and dominant vegetation characterized at up to 10 points on each of 25 post-SMCRA mines. Herbaceous species were dominant on 56%, native trees on 24%, and invasive exotics on 16% of assessed areas. Mean values for soil pH (5.8), electrical conductivity (0.07 dS m(-1)), base saturation (89%), and coarse fragment content (50% by mass) were not significantly different from measured levels on the pre-SMCRA forested sites, but silt+clay soil fraction (61%) was higher, bicarbonate-extractable P (4 mg kg(-1)) was lower, and bulk density (1.20 g cm(-1)) was more variable and often unfavorable. Pedogenic N and bicarbonate-extractable P in surface soils increased with site age and with the presence of weathered rocks among coarse fragments. Our results indicate a potential for many of these soils to support productive forest vegetation if replanted and if cultural practices, including temporary control of existing vegetation, soil density mitigation, and fertilization, are applied to mitigate limitations and aid forest tree reestablishment and growth. C1 [Zipper, C. E.; Burger, J. A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [McGrath, J. M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rodrigue, J. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Zipper, CE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM czip@vt.edu OI McGrath, Joshua/0000-0002-1212-8795 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG26-02NT41619]; Powell River Project; USDA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNS04AB26G] FX The authors acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of parties representing mining firms, landowners, and agencies who provided site access permissions and assistance. We off er our thanks to Jerry Baird, Scott Bosely, James Childress, Henry Cox, Joe Dean, John Dutton, Chet Edwards, Terry Elkins, Walter Glauszer, Craig Kaderavek, Gary Kastor, John Kegley, Randy Maggard, Greg Mills, Bob Naeger, Tim Probert, Rhonda Ratliffe, Paul Rothman, Chris Smith, Terry Trivett, Sonny Vance, Brenda Weber, Mike Zeleskey, and others who assisted. We thank Dylan Evanylo for field assistance, to Patricia Donovan for geospatial analysis support, to Randolph Wynne for his collaboration in project management, and to Sarah Hash, W. T. Price, Julia Burger, and Clinton Steele for laboratory support. We thank SMCRA permitting agencies in Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia for assistance. Funding support was provided by US Department of Energy (DE-FG26-02NT41619), Powell River Project, the USDA Hatch Grant program, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNS04AB26G). NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1567 EP 1577 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0040 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811VR UT WOS:000294244800024 PM 21869519 ER PT J AU White, AM Cameron, EZ AF White, Angela M. Cameron, Elissa Z. TI Evidence of helping behavior in a free-ranging population of communally breeding warthogs SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Warthog; Phacochoerus africanus; Group living; Cooperative breeding; Helpers ID PHACOCHOERUS-AFRICANUS; EVOLUTION; CARE; COMPETITION; MECHANISM; SOCIALITY; SOCIETIES; PATTERNS; MONGOOSE; ADOPTION AB Cooperative breeding societies are defined by the presence of helpers. Defining helping behavior in cooperatively breeding mammals has been difficult because lactation limits the ability of individuals to provision non-genetic young. As a consequence, "helping" behavior has frequently included predator and conspecific defense and thermoregulation. However, these behaviors are often associated with the benefits of group living and their expression may not warrant a species' classification as a cooperative breeder (e.g., many ungulates and pinnipeds). In this study, we examine cooperative breeding behavior in the common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus. Warthogs exhibit substantial variation in breeding strategies and females will raise their young alone or in association with other females. The size of warthog groups varies throughout the year and we investigate fission and fusion of individual breeding groups to elucidate the costs and benefits of adopting different reproductive strategies. We found that the cohesion of female groups was related to parturition suggesting that there are benefits to sociality that are related to the production and care of offspring. Additionally, we found that reproductively-aged group members will help other group members by both babysitting and adopting the group's offspring indicating active selection for cooperation. We did not witness any incidences of yearling group members exhibiting these behaviors indicating differential trade-offs to cooperation possibly related to the helper's age/experience. C1 [White, Angela M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [White, Angela M.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cameron, Elissa Z.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP White, AM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM havemann.white@gmail.com RI Cameron, Elissa/E-4280-2010; White, Angela/N-7088-2013; Cameron, Elissa/B-8053-2014 OI White, Angela/0000-0001-7499-7390; Cameron, Elissa/0000-0002-9243-0547 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 29 IS 3 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s10164-011-0268-y PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 811CL UT WOS:000294179500003 ER PT J AU Hector, RE Dien, BS Cotta, MA Qureshi, N AF Hector, Ronald E. Dien, Bruce S. Cotta, Michael A. Qureshi, Nasib TI Engineering industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for xylose fermentation and comparison for switchgrass conversion SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylose; Bioethanol; Switchgrass; Saccharomyces; Industrial yeast ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; PICHIA-STIPITIS; CURRENT STATE; FUEL ETHANOL; YEAST; VECTORS; LOCUS AB Saccharomyces' physiology and fermentation-related properties vary broadly among industrial strains used to ferment glucose. How genetic background affects xylose metabolism in recombinant Saccharomyces strains has not been adequately explored. In this study, six industrial strains of varied genetic background were engineered to ferment xylose by stable integration of the xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase genes. Aerobic growth rates on xylose were 0.04-0.17 h(-1). Fermentation of xylose and glucose/xylose mixtures also showed a wide range of performance between strains. During xylose fermentation, xylose consumption rates were 0.17-0.31 g/l/h, with ethanol yields 0.18-0.27 g/g. Yields of ethanol and the metabolite xylitol were positively correlated, indicating that all of the strains had downstream limitations to xylose metabolism. The better-performing engineered and parental strains were compared for conversion of alkaline pretreated switchgrass to ethanol. The engineered strains produced 13-17% more ethanol than the parental control strains because of their ability to ferment xylose. C1 [Hector, Ronald E.; Dien, Bruce S.; Cotta, Michael A.; Qureshi, Nasib] ARS, USDA, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hector, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ronald.hector@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1193 EP 1202 DI 10.1007/s10295-010-0896-1 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 811PO UT WOS:000294225100007 PM 21107642 ER PT J AU Manitchotpisit, P Skory, CD Leathers, TD Lotrakul, P Eveleigh, DE Prasongsuk, S Punnapayak, H AF Manitchotpisit, Pennapa Skory, Christopher D. Leathers, Timothy D. Lotrakul, Pongtharin Eveleigh, Douglas E. Prasongsuk, Sehanat Punnapayak, Hunsa TI alpha-Amylase activity during pullulan production and alpha-amylase gene analyses of Aureobasidium pullulans SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aureobasidium pullulans; alpha-Amylase; Molecular weight; Pullulan ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PULLULAN; STRAINS; POLYSACCHARIDE; ADHESION AB Aureobasidium pullulans is the source of commercially produced pullulan, a high molecular weight polysaccharide that is used in the manufacture of edible films. It has been proposed that alpha-amylase decreases the molecular weight of pullulan in late cultures. Based on a recent phylogenetic analysis, five representative strains were chosen to study the relationship between alpha-amylase and pullulan production. In sucrose-grown cultures, pullulan yields increased over time while the molecular weight of pullulan generally decreased. However, no alpha-amylase activity was detected in these cultures. Low levels of alpha-amylase were present in starch-grown culture, but pullulan analysis was complicated by residual starch. To facilitate further studies on the role of alpha-amylase in the reduction of pullulan molecular weight, the alpha-amylase gene from A. pullulans NRRL Y-12974 was cloned and characterized. The coding region of the complete alpha-amylase gene contains 2,247 bp, including 7 introns and 8 exons. The putative mRNA was 1,878 bp long, encoding an alpha-amylase of 625 amino acid residues. Southern blot analysis indicated that there was only one copy of this gene in the genome. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that the gene was transcribed in both sucrose- and starch-grown cultures. It is possible that very low levels of alpha-amylase attack the minor maltotetraose subunits of pullulan and cause the reduction of molecular weight. C1 [Manitchotpisit, Pennapa; Lotrakul, Pongtharin; Prasongsuk, Sehanat; Punnapayak, Hunsa] Chulalongkorn Univ, Plant Biomass Utilizat Res Unit, Dept Bot, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Manitchotpisit, Pennapa] Chulalongkorn Univ, Biol Sci Program, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Skory, Christopher D.; Leathers, Timothy D.] ARS, Renewable Product Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Eveleigh, Douglas E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 08901 USA. RP Punnapayak, H (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Plant Biomass Utilizat Res Unit, Dept Bot, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM tim.leathers@ars.usda.gov; phunsa@chula.ac.th FU Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. program [4.S.CU/48/Q.1]; Thailand Research Fund; Chulalongkorn University FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. program (Grant number 4.S.CU/48/Q.1), Thailand Research Fund, Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund (Chulalongkorn University) for financial support. Sincere appreciation is expressed for the kind assistance provided by Melinda Nunnally, Kristina Glenzinski, Kenneth Bischoff, Eric Hoecker, Gregory Kennedy, Siqing Liu, Joseph Rich, Karen Hughes, Nathane Orwig, Christopher Dunlap, Karl Vermillion, Julie Byrd, Suzanne Unser, and Trina Hartman, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1211 EP 1218 DI 10.1007/s10295-010-0899-y PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 811PO UT WOS:000294225100009 PM 21113644 ER PT J AU Davis, PA Yokoyama, W AF Davis, Paul A. Yokoyama, Wallace TI Cinnamon Intake Lowers Fasting Blood Glucose: Meta-Analysis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Review DE cinnamon; cinnamon extract; fasting blood glucose; prediabetes; type 2 diabetes ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; CASSIA CINNAMON; TYPE-2; EXTRACT; ANTIOXIDANT; SENSITIVITY; LIPIDS AB Cinnamon, the dry bark and twig of Cinnamomum spp., is a rich botanical source of polyphenolics that has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine and has been shown to affect blood glucose and insulin signaling. Cinnamon's effects on blood glucose have been the subject of many clinical and animal studies; however, the issue of cinnamon intake's effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG) in people with type 2 diabetes and/or prediabetes still remains unclear. A meta-analysis of clinical studies of the effect of cinnamon intake on people with type 2 diabetes and/or prediabetes that included three new clinical trials along with five trials used in previous meta-analyses was done to assess cinnamon's effectiveness in lowering FBG. The eight clinical studies were identified using a literature search (Pub Med and Biosis through May 2010) of randomized, placebo-controlled trials reporting data on cinnamon and/or cinnamon extract and FBG. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Biostat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA) was performed on the identified data for both cinnamon and cinnamon extract intake using a random-effects model that determined the standardized mean difference ([i.e., Change 1(control) -Change 2(cinnamon)] divided by the pooled SD of the post scores). Cinnamon intake, either as whole cinnamon or as cinnamon extract, results in a statistically significant lowering in FBG (-0.49 +/- 0.2 mmol/L; n = 8, P =.025) and intake of cinnamon extract only also lowered FBG (-0.48 mmol/L +/- 0.17; n = 5, P =.008). Thus cinnamon extract and/or cinnamon improves FBG in people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. C1 [Davis, Paul A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yokoyama, Wallace] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Davis, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM padavis@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 41 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD SEP PY 2011 VL 14 IS 9 BP 884 EP 889 DI 10.1089/jmf.2010.0180 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 810FP UT WOS:000294111400002 PM 21480806 ER PT J AU Piesik, D Lemnczyk, G Skoczek, A Lamparski, R Bocianowski, J Kotwica, K Delaney, KJ AF Piesik, Dariusz Lemnczyk, Grzegorz Skoczek, Agata Lamparski, Robert Bocianowski, Jan Kotwica, Karol Delaney, Kevin J. TI Fusarium infection in maize: Volatile induction of infected and neighboring uninfected plants has the potential to attract a pest cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Infestation; Maize; Secondary metabolism; Signaling; Volatiles ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; INSECT HERBIVORY; POTATO-TUBERS; DEFENSE; RESPONSES; PARASITOIDS; RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS; EMISSIONS; SEEDLINGS AB Fusarium infection of maize leaves and/or roots through the soil can stimulate the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It is also well known that VOC emission from maize plants can repel or attract pests. In our experiments, we studied VOC induction responses of Zea mays L ssp. mays cv. 'Prosna'having Fusarium infection (mix of four species) in leaves or roots, then tested for VOC induction of uninfected neighboring plants, and finally examined wind-tunnel behavioral responses of the adult cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus L (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) behavior to four induced VOCs. In the first part of our experiment, we confirmed that several green leaf volatiles (GLVs; (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3hexen-l-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-01,(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, 1-hexyl acetate), terpenes (8-pinene, B-myrcene, Z-ocimene, linalool, B-caryophyllene), and shikimic acid pathway derivatives (benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, indole) were positively induced from maize plants infected by Fusarium spp. The quantities of induced VOCs were higher at 7 d than 3d post-infection and greater when plants were infected with Fusarium on leaves rather than through soil. In the second part of our experiment, uninfected maize plants also showed significantly positive induction of several VOCs when neighboring an infected plant where the degree of induction was negatively related to the distance from the infected plant. In the third part of our experiment, a Y-tube bioassay was used to evaluate upwind orientation of adult cereal leaf beetles to four individual VOCs. Female and male O. melanopus were significantly attracted to the GLVs (Z)-3-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, and the terpenes linalool and beta-caryophyllene. Our results indicate that a pathogen can induce several VOCs in maize plants that also induce VOCs in neighboring uninfected plants, though VOC induction could increase the range at which an insect pest species is attracted to VOC inducing plants. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Piesik, Dariusz; Lamparski, Robert] Univ Technol & Life Sci, Dept Appl Entomol, PL-85225 Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Lemnczyk, Grzegorz] Univ Technol & Life Sci, Dept Phytopathol & Mol Mycol, PL-85225 Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Skoczek, Agata] Forest Dept Zoledowo, PL-86031 Osielsko, Poland. [Bocianowski, Jan] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Dept Math & Stat Methods, PL-60637 Poznan, Poland. [Kotwica, Karol] Univ Technol & Life Sci, Dept Plant Growth Principles & Expt Methodol, PL-85225 Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Delaney, Kevin J.] USDA ARS NPARL, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Piesik, D (reprint author), Univ Technol & Life Sci, Dept Appl Entomol, 20 Kordeckiego, PL-85225 Bydgoszcz, Poland. EM piesik@utp.edu.pl NR 46 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 168 IS 13 BP 1534 EP 1542 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.032 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 811GV UT WOS:000294195300004 PM 21492953 ER PT J AU Liu, B Zhang, JW Liu, LS Hotchkiss, AT AF Liu, Bo Zhang, Jinwen Liu, Linshu Hotchkiss, Arland T. TI Preparation and Properties of Water and Glycerol-plasticized Sugar Beet Pulp Plastics SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sugar beet pulp; Biobased plastics; Plasticization ID SOY PROTEIN; POLY(LACTIC ACID); CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; HIERARCHY STRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; EXTRUSION; SHEETS AB Sugar beet pulp (SBP), the residue from sugar extraction, was compounded and turned into in situ thermoplastic composite materials. The compounding was performed using a common twin- screw compounding extruder and water and glycerol were used as co-plasticizers. The melt compounding of SBP utilized the water-soluble characteristics of pectin which is one of main components of SBP. The structure of SBP was destroyed under extrusion and pectin was partially released and plasticized by water and glycerol. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cellulose microfibrils were dispersed in the matrix of pectin and other ingredients. Effects of the water and glycerol co-plasticizers on rheological, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the SBP plastics were investigated. Effects of relative humidity of the environment on the tensile and dynamical mechanical properties of the neat SBP compounds were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that SBP could be processed as a plastic with water and glycerol as co-plasticizers using traditional processing equipments. C1 [Liu, Bo; Zhang, Jinwen] Washington State Univ, Mat Sci Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Liu, Bo; Zhang, Jinwen] Washington State Univ, Composite Mat & Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Liu, Linshu; Hotchkiss, Arland T.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Mat Sci Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jwzhang@wsu.edu RI Liu, Bo/A-9425-2010; Zhang, Jinwen/G-8674-2014 OI Liu, Bo/0000-0003-4561-1051; Zhang, Jinwen/0000-0001-8828-114X FU Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture [58-1935-9-965] FX The authors are grateful for financial support from the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, specific cooperative project # 58-1935-9-965. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 559 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s10924-011-0322-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 811DP UT WOS:000294182700001 ER PT J AU Li, NB Wang, Y Tilley, M Bean, SR Wu, XR Sun, XS Wang, DH AF Li, Ningbo Wang, Ying Tilley, Michael Bean, Scott R. Wu, Xiaorong Sun, Xiuzhi Susan Wang, Donghai TI Adhesive Performance of Sorghum Protein Extracted from Sorghum DDGS and Flour SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sorghum protein; DDGS; Adhesion; Water resistance; Amino acids ID SOY PROTEIN; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GRAIN; KAFIRIN; FRACTIONATION; ACID; DIGESTIBILITY; FERMENTATION; BICOLOR AB Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is the main co-product from grain-based ethanol production. The objective of this research was to compare the adhesive performance of three types of sorghum proteins: acetic acid-extracted sorghum protein from DDGS (PI), aqueous ethanol-extracted sorghum protein from DDGS (PII) and acetic acid-extracted sorghum protein from sorghum flour (PF). Physicochemical properties including amino acid composition, and rheological, thermal and morphological properties also were characterized. Results showed that PI had the best adhesion performance in terms of dry, wet and soak adhesion strength, followed by PF and PII. The wet strength of PI at a concentration of 12% protein assembled at 150 A degrees C was 3.15 MPa, compared to 2.17 MPa and 2.59 MPa for PII and PF, respectively. DSC thermograms indicated that the PF protein isolates contained higher levels of carbohydrates than PI and PII; such non-protein contaminants in the PF isolate could be the reason for its lower adhesion strength than PI. In addition, PI might have more hydrophobic amino acids aligned at the protein-wood interface than PII, which could explain the better water resistance of PI. The optimum sorghum protein concentration and pressing temperature for maximum adhesion strength was 12% and 150 A degrees C. PI had a significantly higher wet strength (3.15 MPa) than unmodified soy protein (1.63 MPa for soy protein). The high percentage of hydrophobic amino acids in PI (57%) was likely a key factor in the increased water resistance of PI compared with soy protein (36% hydrophobic amino acids). These results indicated that sorghum protein has huge potential as an alternative to petroleum-based adhesives. C1 [Li, Ningbo; Wang, Ying; Wu, Xiaorong; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Tilley, Michael; Bean, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Sun, Xiuzhi Susan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 755 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s10924-011-0305-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 811DP UT WOS:000294182700021 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Finkenstadt, VL AF Tisserat, B. Finkenstadt, V. L. TI Degradation of Poly(l-Lactic Acid) and Bio-Composites by Alkaline Medium Under Various Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Poly(lactide); Hydrolysis; Degradation; Erosion; Alkaline solution ID HYDROLYTIC DEGRADATION; COPOLYMERS; BIODEGRADABILITY; FILMS; REAL AB Ribbons of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA containing 10 or 25% Osage Orange (OO) biocomposites of various sized heartwood particles were exposed to non-composting soil conditions either outdoors or in a greenhouse. No appreciable degradation was evident after 208 day treatments. An artificial alkaline degradation test system was developed to reduce the study time required to evaluate PLA compositional properties on degradation. Ribbons of PLA and PLA-OO biocomposites of various sized particles were subjected to hydrolysis in alkaline concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 M NaOH) under various temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 80 A degrees C) up to 56 days. Higher concentrations of NaOH (e.g., 0.25 M) caused more dramatic and rapid deterioration of PLA and PLA-OO composites than lower NaOH concentrations for all temperatures tested. Incubation in either the low temperatures (15 and 20 A degrees C) or the highest temperature (80 A degrees C) was consistently more effective in PLA-OO degradation than employing 35 or 40 A degrees C. Several alkaline and temperature test combinations are offered to study accelerated PLA degradation. Ribbons immersed in NaOH were examined with the scanning electron microscope to analyze for morphological alterations. C1 [Tisserat, B.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Finkenstadt, V. L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brent.Tisserat@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 766 EP 775 DI 10.1007/s10924-011-0319-z PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 811DP UT WOS:000294182700022 ER PT J AU Gazzaneo, MC Orellana, RA Suryawan, A Tuckow, AP Kimball, SR Wilson, FA Nguyen, HV Torrazza, RM Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA AF Gazzaneo, Maria C. Orellana, Renan A. Suryawan, Agus Tuckow, Alexander P. Kimball, Scot R. Wilson, Fiona A. Nguyen, Hanh V. Torrazza, Roberto M. Fiorotto, Marta L. Davis, Teresa A. TI Differential Regulation of Protein Synthesis and mTOR Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Visceral Tissues of Neonatal Pigs After a Meal SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; AMINO-ACIDS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; INSULIN; ACTIVATION; LEUCINE; STIMULATION; NEWBORNS; INFANTS; PATHWAY AB Protein synthesis (PS) increases after a meal in neonates, but the time course of the changes in PS in different tissues after a meal is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the changes in tissue PS, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, and proportion of ribosomal protein (rp) mRNAs in polysomes over 4 h after a bolus meal in neonatal pigs (n = 6/group; 5- to 7-d-old). The results show a more sustained increase in PS in glycolytic compared with mixed fiber type muscles and no changes in oxidative muscles. PS increased in liver, jejunum, and pancreas but not in kidney and heart. Feeding did not affect AMP-activated protein kinase or RAS-related GTP binding B activation. Phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2, proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kD, mTOR, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein, and rp S6 kinase 1 increased in all tissues after feeding. The proportion of mRNAs encoding rp S4 and S8 in liver polysomes increased within 30 min postfeeding. These results suggest that feeding stimulates mTORC1 signaling in muscle and viscera, but mTORC1 activation alone is not sufficient to stimulate PS in all tissues. (Pediatr Res 70: 253-260, 2011) C1 [Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Orellana, Renan A.; Suryawan, Agus; Wilson, Fiona A.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Torrazza, Roberto M.; Fiorotto, Marta L.; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tuckow, Alexander P.; Kimball, Scot R.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 AR-44474, R01 DK15658, K08 AR-51563]; USDA/ARS [6250510000-33] FX Supported, in part, by the National Institutes of Health grants R01 AR-44474, R01 DK15658, and K08 AR-51563 and the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement number 6250510000-33. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0031-3998 EI 1530-0447 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 70 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 811FV UT WOS:000294192200007 PM 21654549 ER PT J AU Gerik, JS Hanson, BD AF Gerik, James S. Hanson, Bradley D. TI Drip application of methyl bromide alternative chemicals for control of soilborne pathogens and weeds SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil fumigation; Pythium; Fusarium; mallow; purslane; johnsongrass ID METAM SODIUM; FUMIGANTS; CHLOROPICRIN; FUMIGATION; MANAGEMENT; NEMATODE AB BACKGROUND: Producers of several high-value crops in California have traditionally used preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide/chloropicrin combinations. Although methyl bromide has been phased out since 2005, several crop industries, including cut flower producers, have continued methyl bromide use under Critical Use Exemptions, a provision of the Montreal Protocol. This research was conducted to evaluate newer, emerging methyl bromide alternative chemicals. RESULTS: Two field trials were conducted to test several emerging chemicals in combination with metam sodium as replacements for methyl bromide. Emerging chemicals included 2-bromoethanol, dimethyl disulfide, furfural, propylene oxide and sodium azide. Weed and pathogen populations were measured after chemical application, and seed viability was assessed from weed seed previously buried in the plots. In the first trial, the emerging chemicals did not improve pest control compared with metam sodium alone. However, in the second trial, several of these chemicals did improve the pest control performance of metam sodium. CONCLUSIONS: The emerging alternative chemicals have the potential to provide better control of soilborne pathogens and weeds when used with metam sodium than metam sodium alone. Registration of these materials could provide California growers with a broader choice of tools compared with the limited methyl bromide alternatives now available. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gerik, James S.; Hanson, Bradley D.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Hanson, Bradley D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gerik, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM james.gerik@ars.usda.gov FU California Cut Flower Commission; USDA [IR-4] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the California Cut Flower Commission and the USDA IR-4 Project. The authors wish to thank Por La Mar Nursery for hosting the trials. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr Ernie Leyva, Ms Patricia Martinez and Mrs Stella Zambrzuski. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1129 EP 1133 DI 10.1002/ps.2162 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 811RT UT WOS:000294231500013 PM 21480465 ER PT J AU Javadi, A Srithep, Y Pilla, S Clemons, CC Gong, SQ Turng, LS AF Javadi, Alireza Srithep, Yottha Pilla, Srikanth Clemons, Craig C. Gong, Shaoqin Turng, Lih-Sheng TI Microcellular Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)-Hyperbranched Polymer Nanoclay Nanocomposites SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC HYPERBRANCHED POLYMER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER COMPOSITES; POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); EPOXY COMPOSITES; HEMP FIBERS; POLYLACTIDE; BLENDS; BEHAVIOR; HALLOYSITE AB The effects of incorporating hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) and different nanoclays [Cloisite (R) 30B and halloysite nanotubes (HNT)] on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of solid and microcellular poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were investigated. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, Cloisite 306 exhibited a combination of exfoliation and heterogeneous intercalation structure for both solid and microcellular PHBV-12% HBP-2% Cloisite 306 nanocomposites. TEM images indicated that HNTs were uniformly dispersed throughout the PHBV matrix. The addition of 2% nanoclays improved the thermal stability of the resulting nanocomposites. The addition of HBP+poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PA), Cloisite 30B, and HNT reduced the average cell size and increased the cell density of the microcellular components. The addition of (HBP+PA), Cloisite 306, and HNT also increased the degree of crystallinity for both solid and microcellular components in comparison with neat PHBV. Also, with the addition of 12% (HBP+PA), the area under the tan-delta curve, specific toughness, and strain-at-break of the PHBV-HBP nanocomposite increased significantly for both solid and microcellular specimens, whereas the storage modulus, specific Young's modulus, and specific tensile strength decreased. The addition of 2% nanoclays into the PHBV-HBP nanocomposites improved the storage modulus, specific Young's modulus, and specific tensile strength of the PHBV-HBP-nanoclay-based nanocomposites, but they were still lower than those of the neat PHBV. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 51:1815-1826, 2011. (C) 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Javadi, Alireza; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Javadi, Alireza; Gong, Shaoqin; Turng, Lih-Sheng] Wisconsin Inst Discovery, Madison, WI USA. [Srithep, Yottha; Turng, Lih-Sheng] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pilla, Srikanth] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clemons, Craig C.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Gong, SQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM sgong@engr.wisc.edu RI Pilla, Srikanth/F-4622-2011 OI Pilla, Srikanth/0000-0003-3728-6578 FU University of Wisconsin; National Science Foundation [CMMI 1032186] FX Contract grant sponsor: University of Wisconsin Solid Waste Research Program and National Science Foundation; contract grant number: CMMI 1032186. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1815 EP 1826 DI 10.1002/pen.21972 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 811ED UT WOS:000294184300016 ER PT J AU Folgart, A Price, AJ van Santen, E Wehtje, GR AF Folgart, A. Price, A. J. van Santen, E. Wehtje, G. R. TI Organic weed control in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE companion crop; cultivation; mechanical weed control ID GRAIN-YIELD; HERBICIDES AB Legumes such as white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) provide a valuable nitrogen source in organic agriculture. With organic farming hectarage increasing and white lupin interest increasing in the southeastern USA due to newly released winter hardy cultivars, non-chemical weed control practices in lupin are needed. A two-year experiment was established at two locations in Alabama. Five weed control practices were evaluated: one pre-emergence (PRE)-applied herbicide (S-metolachlor), two mechanical (hand hoed) and two cultural (living mulch utilizing two black oat cultivars) weed control treatments. Fourteen weed species were encountered. S-metolachlor provided above 80% control of most weed species present in this experiment. The cultivation treatments and black oat companion crops also provided good weed control of many of the weeds encountered. Crop injury of all treatments was low on a 0 to 10 scale with 0 representing no injury: < 2.0, < 1.3 and < 1.2 by S-metolachlor, the cultivation treatments and the black oat companion crops, respectively. Grain yield of cultivars ABL 1082, AU Alpha and AU Homer were 1540, 1130, 850 kg ha(-1), respectively, when treated with the conventional treatment, S-metolachlor. Grain yield in the organic treatments was equivalent. The cultivation treatments and black oat companions were successful alternative weed control practices in white lupin production. C1 [Price, A. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36932 USA. [Folgart, A.; van Santen, E.; Wehtje, G. R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36932 USA. EM andrew.price@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1017/S1742170510000542 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 810JF UT WOS:000294120900003 ER PT J AU Shcherbakova, LA Nazarova, TA Mikityuk, OD Fravel, DR AF Shcherbakova, L. A. Nazarova, T. A. Mikityuk, O. D. Fravel, D. R. TI Fusarium sambucinum isolate FS-94 induces resistance against fusarium wilt of tomato via activation and priming of a salicylic acid-dependent signaling system SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium sambucinum; F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici; Fusarium wilt; salicylic acid; systemic acquired resistance; priming; biocontrol ID NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; OXYSPORUM; MECHANISMS; CUCUMBER; STRAINS; PLANTS; ROOTS; COLONIZATION AB The wheat rhizosphere-inhabiting nonpathogenic Fusarium sambucinum isolate FS-94 protected tomato from Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) in laboratory experiments. Seed soaking or immersion of seedling roots in a FS-94 spore suspension prior to inoculation with the pathogen delayed the appearance of wilt symptoms and significantly reduced disease severity in plants of a susceptible tomato cultivar. Quantification of fungal ergosterol in infected tomato showed that protection against wilt agent was related to limitation of the pathogen growth in plants exposed to FS-94. Incubation of tomato seedlings in a FS-94 spore suspension for 48 or 72 h led to plant protection and increased the salicylic acid (SA) concentration in their roots, suggesting that this isolate was involved in a plant-mediated mode of action and induced resistance. Soaking tomato seeds in the spore suspension did not induce SA accumulation in seedling roots, but nevertheless resulted in a significant reduction in wilt severity when the seedlings were challenged with the pathogen. In response to pathogen attack, the SA content in susceptible seedlings grown from FS-94-treated seeds started to increase within 1 day and remained elevated for 72 h. This suggests that F. sambucinum isolate FS-94 primed a SA-dependent signaling system in tomato. C1 [Shcherbakova, L. A.; Nazarova, T. A.; Mikityuk, O. D.] Russian Acad Agr Sci, Res Inst Phytopathol, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Fravel, D. R.] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Shcherbakova, LA (reprint author), Russian Acad Agr Sci, Res Inst Phytopathol, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM larisa@vniif.ru FU USDA ARS [3052] FX This research was supported by USDA ARS through ISTC grant no. 3052. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 BP 808 EP 818 DI 10.1134/S1021443711050207 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 809NZ UT WOS:000294065300007 ER PT J AU Suttie, JW Booth, SL AF Suttie, John W. Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Suttie, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Suttie, JW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM suttie@biochem.wisc.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 5 BP 440 EP 441 DI 10.3945/an.111.000786 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA V27BU UT WOS:000208589500008 PM 22332085 ER PT J AU Dai, ZH Amatya, DM Sun, G Trettin, CC Li, CS Li, HB AF Dai, Zhaohua Amatya, Devendra M. Sun, Ge Trettin, Carl C. Li, Changsheng Li, Harbin TI Climate Variability and Its Impact on Forest Hydrology on South Carolina Coastal Plain, USA SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; stream flow; water table; hydrologic response; wetland; eco-hydrology AB Understanding the changes in hydrology of coastal forested wetlands induced by climate change is fundamental for developing strategies to sustain their functions and services. This study examined 60 years of climatic observations and 30 years of hydrological data, collected at the Santee Experimental Forest (SEF) in coastal South Carolina. We also applied a physically-based, distributed hydrological model (MIKE SHE) to better understand the hydrological responses to the observed climate variability. The results from both observation and simulation for the paired forested watershed systems indicated that the forest hydrology was highly susceptible to change due to climate change. The stream flow and water table depth was substantially altered with a change in precipitation. Both flow and water table level decreased with a rise in temperature. The results also showed that hurricanes substantially influenced the forest hydrological patterns for a short time period (several years) as a result of forest damage. C1 [Dai, Zhaohua; Li, Changsheng] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Amatya, Devendra M.; Trettin, Carl C.; Li, Harbin] USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Sun, Ge] USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Treat Assessment Ctr, Southern Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Dai, ZH (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM zdai@fs.fed.us; damatya@fs.fed.us; Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu; ctrettin@fs.fed.us; li@guero.sr.unh.edu; hli@fs.fed.us NR 86 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 330 EP 357 DI 10.3390/atmos2030330 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V29ES UT WOS:000208732300007 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL Goodrick, SA Liu, YQ Garcia-Menendez, F Hu, YT Odman, MT AF Achtemeier, Gary L. Goodrick, Scott A. Liu, Yongqiang Garcia-Menendez, Fernando Hu, Yongtao Odman, Mehmet Talat TI Modeling Smoke Plume-Rise and Dispersion from Southern United States Prescribed Burns with Daysmoke SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE smoke; prescribed fires; plume model; air quality AB We present Daysmoke, an empirical-statistical plume rise and dispersion model for simulating smoke from prescribed burns. Prescribed fires are characterized by complex plume structure including multiple-core updrafts which makes modeling with simple plume models difficult. Daysmoke accounts for plume structure in a three-dimensional veering/sheering atmospheric environment, multiple-core updrafts, and detrainment of particulate matter. The number of empirical coefficients appearing in the model theory is reduced through a sensitivity analysis with the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test ( FAST). Daysmoke simulations for "bent-over" plumes compare closely with Briggs theory although the two-thirds law is not explicit in Daysmoke. However, the solutions for the "highly-tilted" plume characterized by weak buoyancy, low initial vertical velocity, and large initial plume diameter depart considerably from Briggs theory. Results from a study of weak plumes from prescribed burns at Fort Benning GA showed simulated ground-level PM2.5 comparing favorably with observations taken within the first eight kilometers of eleven prescribed burns. Daysmoke placed plume tops near the lower end of the range of observed plume tops for six prescribed burns. Daysmoke provides the levels and amounts of smoke injected into regional scale air quality models. Results from CMAQ with and without an adaptive grid are presented. C1 [Achtemeier, Gary L.; Goodrick, Scott A.; Liu, Yongqiang] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Garcia-Menendez, Fernando; Hu, Yongtao; Odman, Mehmet Talat] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gachtemeier@fs.fed.us; sgoodrick@fs.fed.us; yliu@fs.fed.us; fernandog@gatech.edu; yh29@mail.gatech.edu; odman@gatech.edu RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016; OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592; Garcia-Menendez, Fernando/0000-0003-0235-5692 FU Southern Regional Models for Predicting Smoke Movement Project [01.SRS.A.5]; USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan; USDA [JFSP 081606, JFSP 081604]; Department of Interior [JFSP 081606, JFSP 081604]; Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the USDA Forest Service Savannah River [AI09-00SR22188]; National Research Initiative Air Quality Program of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2004-05240]; U.S. Department of Defense through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SERDP-RC-1647] FX The study is funded in part of the Southern Regional Models for Predicting Smoke Movement Project (01.SRS.A.5) funded by the USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan, the Joint Fire Sciences Program of the USDA and Department of Interior (JFSP 081606 and JFSP 081604), the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the USDA Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188, the National Research Initiative Air Quality Program of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, (Agreement No. 2004-05240), and the U.S. Department of Defense through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP-RC-1647). NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 358 EP 388 DI 10.3390/atmos2030358 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V29ES UT WOS:000208732300008 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Johnson, MH Hunt, PG Flesch, TK AF Ro, Kyoung S. Johnson, Melvin H. Hunt, Patrick G. Flesch, Thomas K. TI Measuring Trace Gas Emission from Multi-Distributed Sources Using Vertical Radial Plume Mapping (VRPM) and Backward Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) Techniques SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE vertical radial plume mapping (VRPM); backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS); open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy; multi-distributed sources AB Two micrometeorological techniques for measuring trace gas emission rates from distributed area sources were evaluated using a variety of synthetic area sources. The vertical radial plume mapping (VRPM) and the backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) techniques with an open-path optical spectroscopic sensor were evaluated for relative accuracy for multiple emission-source and sensor configurations. The relative accuracy was calculated by dividing the measured emission rate by the actual emission rate; thus, a relative accuracy of 1.0 represents a perfect measure. For a single area emission source, the VRPM technique yielded a somewhat high relative accuracy of 1.38 +/- 0.28. The bLS technique resulted in a relative accuracy close to unity, 0.98 +/- 0.24. Relative accuracies for dual source emissions for the VRPM and bLS techniques were somewhat similar to single source emissions, 1.23 +/- 0.17 and 0.94 +/- 0.24, respectively. When the bLS technique was used with vertical point concentrations, the relative accuracy was unacceptably low, <0.62. However, when using multiple point sensors in a horizontal line, the bLS technique yielded a relative accuracy of 1.08 +/- 0.44. Altogether, these results suggest that the bLS technique has significant potential for measuring trace gas emissions from distributed agricultural systems. C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.; Johnson, Melvin H.; Hunt, Patrick G.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Flesch, Thomas K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Kyoung.Ro@ars.usda.gov; Mel.Johnson@ars.usda.gov; Patrick.Hunt@ars.usda.gov; Thomas.Flesch@ualberta.ca NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 553 EP 566 DI 10.3390/atmos2030553 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V29ES UT WOS:000208732300016 ER PT J AU Mohsen, M AF Mohsen, Meydani TI Curcumin modulation of angiogenesis and obesity SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Curcumin modulation; Angiogenesis; Obesity C1 [Mohsen, Meydani] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Mohsen.Meydani@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 44 IS 13 SU S BP S238 EP S239 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.583 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 827OK UT WOS:000295437601177 ER PT J AU Furusyo, N Koga, T Ai, M Otokozawa, S Ikezaki, H Unnno, M Okada, K Kohzuma, T Schaefer, EJ Hayashi, J AF Furusyo, N. Koga, T. Ai, M. Otokozawa, S. Ikezaki, H. Unnno, M. Okada, K. Kohzuma, T. Schaefer, E. J. Hayashi, J. TI Utility of glycated albumin for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in a Japanese population study: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS) SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes (EASD) CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP European Assoc Study Diabet (EASD) C1 [Furusyo, N.; Koga, T.; Ikezaki, H.; Unnno, M.; Okada, K.; Hayashi, J.] Kyushu Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Ai, M.] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Life Sci & Bioeth Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Otokozawa, S.; Schaefer, E. J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kohzuma, T.] Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Diagnost Dept, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD SEP PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 MA 342 BP S147 EP S148 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 990ZT UT WOS:000307671300343 ER PT J AU Ikezaki, H Furusyo, N Koga, T Ai, M Otokozawa, S Kohzuma, T Schaefer, EJ Hayashi, J AF Ikezaki, H. Furusyo, N. Koga, T. Ai, M. Otokozawa, S. Kohzuma, T. Schaefer, E. J. Hayashi, J. TI The relationship between plasma glycated albumin level and atherosclerosis: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa population study (KOPS) SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes (EASD) CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP European Assoc Study Diabet (EASD) C1 [Ikezaki, H.; Furusyo, N.; Hayashi, J.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Environmrntal Med & Infect Dis, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Furusyo, N.; Koga, T.; Hayashi, J.] Kyushu Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Ai, M.; Otokozawa, S.; Schaefer, E. J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ai, M.] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Life Sci & Bioeth Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Kohzuma, T.] Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Diagnost Dept, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD SEP PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 MA 343 BP S148 EP S148 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 990ZT UT WOS:000307671300344 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Delgado-Lista, J Garcia-Rios, A Ordovas, JM Blaak, EE Malczewska-Malec, A Defoort, C Riserus, U Lovegrove, JA Drevon, CA Roche, HM Lopez-Miranda, J AF Perez-Martinez, P. Delgado-Lista, J. Garcia-Rios, A. Ordovas, J. M. Blaak, E. E. Malczewska-Malec, A. Defoort, C. Riserus, U. Lovegrove, J. A. Drevon, C. A. Roche, H. M. Lopez-Miranda, J. TI The glucokinase regulatory protein rs1260326 polymorphism interacts with omega-3 PUFA to influence insulin resistance and inflammation in metabolic syndrome SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes (EASD) CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP European Assoc Study Diabet (EASD) C1 [Perez-Martinez, P.; Delgado-Lista, J.; Garcia-Rios, A.; Lopez-Miranda, J.] Univ Cordoba, Lipid & Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Cordoba, Spain. [Perez-Martinez, P.; Delgado-Lista, J.; Garcia-Rios, A.; Lopez-Miranda, J.] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Cordoba, Spain. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Blaak, E. E.] Sch Nutr Toxicol & Metab, Dept Human Biol, NUTRIM, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Malczewska-Malec, A.] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. [Malczewska-Malec, A.] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Metab Dis, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. [Defoort, C.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, INSERM 476, INRA, Marseille, France. [Riserus, U.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Lovegrove, J. A.] Univ Reading, Dept Food & Nutr Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Lovegrove, J. A.] Univ Reading, Inst Cardiovasc & Metab Res, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Drevon, C. A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Inst Basic Med Sci, Fac Med, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Roche, H. M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Nutrigenom Res Grp, UCD Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, UCD Conway Inst, Dublin 2, Ireland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD SEP PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 MA 382 BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 990ZT UT WOS:000307671301037 ER PT J AU Kinziger, AP Nakamoto, RJ Anderson, EC Harvey, BC AF Kinziger, Andrew P. Nakamoto, Rodney J. Anderson, Eric C. Harvey, Bret C. TI Small founding number and low genetic diversity in an introduced species exhibiting limited invasion success (speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus) SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bottleneck; exotic species; founder number; genetic diversity; introduced species; source population; speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; NORTH-AMERICA; PATTERNS; MARKERS; FISH; CYPRINIDAE; BOTTLENECK; RESISTANCE AB Molecular evaluations of successful invaders are common, however studies of introduced species that have had limited invasion success, or have died out completely, are rare. We studied an introduced population of speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) from northern California, USA that has rapidly increased in abundance but remained restricted to a 25-km stretch of river since its introduction in the mid-1980s. Field and laboratory analyses indicate that invasion success of speckled dace is constrained by the combined effects of multiple predators. The role of bottleneck effects associated with the introduction has not been studied. We assayed variation in seven microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial DNA gene in the introduced population and nine putative source populations to identify the source population and evaluate bottleneck effects. The Trinity River system was supported as the source owing to its genetic similarity and geographic proximity to the introduced population. Consistent with a bottleneck, the introduced population exhibited reduced allelic and haplotype richness in comparison to source populations. Estimates of the genetically effective number of individuals founding the introduced population using nuclear coalescent analyses and a mitochondrial simulation procedure were highly concordant in suggesting that the initial colonizing group was comprised of about 10 individuals. A bottleneck effect in an exotic species exhibiting limited invasion success has rarely been documented and thus introduction of speckled dace represents an important model system for future investigation. Establishing a relationship between genetic diversity and factors limiting invasion success in this system (e. g., predator avoidance) will help determine the extent to which genetic diversity loss has constrained invasion success in speckled dace. C1 [Kinziger, Andrew P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Nakamoto, Rodney J.; Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn Arcata, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Kinziger, AP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM Andrew.Kinziger@Humboldt.edu NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1002/ece3.8 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055TE UT WOS:000312439700008 PM 22393484 ER PT J AU Ikeda, H Sota, T AF Ikeda, Hiroshi Sota, Teiji TI Macroscale evolutionary patterns of flight muscle dimorphism in the carrion beetle Necrophila japonica SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE COI; flight ability; genetic diversity; phylogeography; Silphidae ID GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HEPTOPHYLLA-PICEA; WING DIMORPHISM; INSECTS; COLEOPTERA; MIGRATION; HISTORY; FLIGHTLESSNESS; ECOLOGY AB Some insect species exhibit polymorphisms in flight muscles or wings, which provide opportunities for studying the factors that drive dispersal polymorphisms and the evolution of flightlessness in insects. We investigated the macroscale evolutionary pattern of flightlessness in the widespread Japanese beetle Necrophila japonica (Coleoptera: Silphidae), which exhibits flight muscle dimorphisms using phylogeographic approaches. N. japonica lives in both stable and unstable habitats, and the flight muscle dimorphisms may have been maintained through the use of these diverse habitats. We studied the distribution pattern of the proportion of individuals lacking flight muscles in relation to the genetic differentiation among geographic populations using an 842-base pair sequence of the COI-II gene. Both flight-capable and flightless individuals occurred over the distribution area, and the flight muscle condition showed no significant phylogeographic pattern. Several populations comprised flight-capable individuals only, whereas few comprised flightless ones only. Demographic expansion was suggested for major clades of COI-II haplotypes, and the genetic differentiation showed an isolation-by-distance pattern among the populations in Japan. The proportion of flightless individuals was higher in a population with a higher annual mean temperature and with higher genetic diversity among individuals. These results indicate that geographic expansion occurred recently while flight muscle dimorphisms have been maintained, that flight-capable individuals have colonized cooler (peripheral) habitats, and that flightlessness has increased in long-persisting populations as suggested by high genetic diversity. C1 [Ikeda, Hiroshi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Entomol, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Ikeda, Hiroshi] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sota, Teiji] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Zool, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Ikeda, H (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Entomol, 1 Matsunosato Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. EM hiroshiikeda@affrc.go.jp RI Ikeda, Hiroshi/B-3940-2011 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences [22-6882]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX We thank K. Fukumori and N. Nagata for their helpful advice and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. We also thank T. Fukuzawa, M. Genka, K. Homma, K. Iguchi, S. Inoue, R. Ishikawa, N. Iwai, S. Kakishima, Y. Kaneko, H. Kasuga, T. Kishimoto, T. Komiya, S. Kondo, K. Kubota, N. Kubota, K. Kurosa, H. Makihara, M. Maruyama, K. Matsumoto, M. Nagano, N. Nagata, S. Niwa, S. Nomura, Y. Okuzaki, H. Sako, K. Sasakawa, S. Shimano, S. Sugiura, G. Takaku, Y. Takami, T. Takeyama, K. Takizawa, M. Tanahashi, W. Toki, Y. Tsuchiya, K. Tsuji, S. Uchiumi, M. Ujiie, S. Yamamoto, H. Yamane, H. Yamashita, and Y. Yamaura for supplying samples, helping with sampling, and providing advice on field collections. This research was supported by Grants-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences to HI (22-6882) and for the Global COE Program "Formation of a Strategic Base for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Research: from Genome to Ecosystem" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1002/ece3.15 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055TE UT WOS:000312439700010 PM 22393486 ER PT J AU Littell, JS McKenzie, D Kerns, BK Cushman, S Shaw, CG AF Littell, Jeremy S. McKenzie, Donald Kerns, Becky K. Cushman, Samuel Shaw, Charles G. TI Managing uncertainty in climate-driven ecological models to inform adaptation to climate change SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE adaptation; climate change; climate models; decision making under uncertainty; empirical models; landscape models; process models; uncertainty; vegetation models AB The impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems are likely to require changes in forest planning and natural resource management. Changes in tree growth, disturbance extent and intensity, and eventually species distributions are expected. In natural resource management and planning, ecosystem models are typically used to provide a "best estimate'' about how forests might work in the future and thus guide decision-making. Ecosystem models can be used to develop forest management strategies that anticipate these changes, but limited experience with models and model output is a challenge for managers in thinking about how to address potential effects of climate change. What do decision makers need to know about climate models, ecological models used for impacts assessments, and the uncertainty in model projections in order to use model output in strategies for adaptation to climate change? We present approaches for understanding and reducing the uncertainty associated with modeling the effects of climate change on ecosystems, focusing on multi-model approaches to clarify the strengths and limits of projections and minimize vulnerability to undesirable consequences of climate change. Scientific uncertainties about changes in climate or projections of their impacts on resources do not present fundamental barriers to management and adaptation to climate change. Instead, many of these uncertainties can be controlled by characterizing their effects on models and future projections from those models. There is uncertainty in decision making that does not derive just from the complex interaction of climate and ecosystem models, but in how modeling is integrated with other aspects of the decision environment such as choice of objectives, monitoring, and approach to assessment. Adaptive management provides a hedge against uncertainty, such that climate and ecosystem models can inform decision making. C1 [Littell, Jeremy S.] Univ Washington, Earth Syst Climate Impacts Grp, Ctr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKenzie, Donald; Shaw, Charles G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Kerns, Becky K.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Cushman, Samuel] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Littell, JS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Earth Syst Climate Impacts Grp, Ctr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlittell@uw.edu FU Western Wildland Environmental Threat Asessment Center (WWETAC); NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program; NOAA Climate Dynamics and Experimental Prediction / Applied Research Centers program under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank Jeffrey Hicke, Jessica Halofsky, James Morrison, Lara Whitely Binder and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was partially funded by the Western Wildland Environmental Threat Asessment Center (WWETAC). This publication is partially funded by the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments program and the NOAA Climate Dynamics and Experimental Prediction / Applied Research Centers program under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232 to the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This is JISAO Contribution # 1865. NR 80 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 9 AR UNSP 102 DI 10.1890/ES11-00114.1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IZ UT WOS:000208811000004 ER PT J AU Martinez, OJA AF Martinez, Oscar J. Abelleira TI Flooding and profuse flowering result in high litterfall in novel Spathodea campanulata forests in northern Puerto Rico SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE African tulip tree; canopy phenology; ecosystem processes; forest microclimate; introduced invasive species; land cover change; plant-animal interactions AB The African tulip tree, Spathodea campanulata, dominates many post-agricultural secondary forests in the moist tropics. Some consider these novel forests have no ecological value, yet they appear to restore ecosystem processes on degraded sites. This study describes the litterfall mass and seasonality, canopy phenology, and microclimate of S. campanulata forests on alluvial and karst substrates in northern Puerto Rico. These substrates have different water drainage properties and I hypothesized that (1) annual leaf fall mass and seasonality would differ between substrate types; because (2) leaf fall would be related to water availability and seasonality. I used analysis of variance to compare annual and biweekly litterfall mass across three sites on each substrate type, and multiple linear regression analysis to relate biweekly litterfall to environmental variables. Litterfall mass was high (13.8 Mg.ha(-1).yr(-1), n = 6, SE = 0.60) yet its components did not differ by substrate type except for reproductive part mass which was higher on karst due to more S. campanulata flowers. Leaf fall had a bimodal seasonality and was negatively related to the number of dry days indicating it occurs when water is readily available or in excess as during floods. Observations show systematic leaf senescence in this deciduous species can be caused by water and nutrient demand from flowering. Litterfall mass and seasonality of novel S. campanulata forests is similar to that of native forests in Puerto Rico, yet flower fall appears to be higher than that of tropical forests worldwide. The environmental variables that affect litterfall seasonality and canopy phenology are similar to those in tropical forests in Puerto Rico and elsewhere. Litterfall seasonality and canopy phenology regulate understory microclimate, and influence the establishment and growth of juvenile trees and other organisms within S. campanulata forests. This study illustrates how forest ecosystem processes and properties restored by novel S. campanulata forests facilitate tree species establishment, growth, and turnover in deforested, abandoned, and degraded agricultural lands in Puerto Rico. C1 [Martinez, Oscar J. Abelleira] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Martinez, Oscar J. Abelleira] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Martinez, OJA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ojabelleira@gmail.com NR 99 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 9 AR UNSP 105 DI 10.1890/ES11-00165.1 PG 25 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IZ UT WOS:000208811000007 ER PT J AU Beets, PN Reutebuch, S Kimberley, MO Oliver, GR Pearce, SH McGaughey, RJ AF Beets, Peter N. Reutebuch, Stephen Kimberley, Mark O. Oliver, Graeme R. Pearce, Stephen H. McGaughey, Robert J. TI Leaf Area Index, Biomass Carbon and Growth Rate of Radiata Pine Genetic Types and Relationships with LiDAR SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE carbon stock; forest carbon sink; sequestration; Kyoto Protocol; LiDAR; aspect; genetic improvement AB Relationships between discrete-return light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and radiata pine leaf area index (LAI), stem volume, above ground carbon, and carbon sequestration were developed using 10 plots with directly measured biomass and leaf area data, and 36 plots with modelled carbon data. The plots included a range of genetic types established on north-and south-facing aspects. Modelled carbon was highly correlated with directly measured crown, stem, and above ground biomass data, with r = 0.92, 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. LiDAR canopy percentile height (P30) and cover, based on all returns above 0.5 m, explained 81, 88, and 93% of the variation in directly measured crown, stem, and above ground live carbon and 75, 89 and 88% of the modelled carbon, respectively. LAI (all surfaces) ranged between 8.8-19.1 in the 10 plots measured at age 9 years. The difference in canopy percentile heights (P95-P30) and cover based on first returns explained 80% of the variation in total LAI. Periodic mean annual increments in stem volume, above ground live carbon, and total carbon between ages 9 and 13 years were significantly related to (P95-P30), with regression models explaining 56, 58, and 55%, respectively, of the variation in growth rate per plot. When plot aspect and genetic type were included with (P95-P30), the R-2 of the regression models for stem volume, above ground live carbon, and total carbon increment increased to 90, 88, and 88%, respectively, which indicates that LiDAR regression equations for estimating stock changes can be substantially improved by incorporating supplementary site and crop data. C1 [Beets, Peter N.; Kimberley, Mark O.; Oliver, Graeme R.; Pearce, Stephen H.] New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. [Reutebuch, Stephen; McGaughey, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Beets, PN (reprint author), New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand. EM peter.beets@scionresearch.com; sreutebuch@fs.fed.us; mark.kimberley@scionresearch.com; graeme.oliver@scionresearch.com; stephen.pearce@scionresearch.com; bmcgaughey@fs.fed.us FU Ministry for the Environment (MfE) FX We thank the Ministry for the Environment (MfE) for funding the measurement of permanent sample plots and biomass and leaf area measurements at Puruki. We would also like to thank field personnel who helped assess tree growth, health and leaf area at Puruki, in particular Doug Graham. Rod Brownlie provided accurate location data for the trial plots at Puruki. The LiDAR data and aerial photography over Puruki Forest were acquired by New Zealand Aerial Mapping. We also would like to thank John Novis, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, for providing information on the genetic quality of radiata pine from nursery surveys. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 637 EP 659 DI 10.3390/f2030637 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V28BV UT WOS:000208657200003 ER PT J AU Hoover, CM AF Hoover, Coeli M. TI Assessing Seven Decades of Carbon Accumulation in Two US Northern Hardwood Forests SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE forest carbon; long-term inventory; northern hardwood forests AB Forests play a key role in the global carbon cycle, and programs aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through the protection and enhancement of forest carbon stocks are growing in number. Adding greenhouse gas mitigation as a management objective presents managers with a considerable challenge, because data and guidelines are scarce. Long-term inventory datasets have the potential to serve as a useful resource, providing data on carbon accumulation over time, as well as offering insight on strategies for managing forests for the objective of climate mitigation in the face of changing climate and disturbance regimes. We present long-term estimates of carbon accumulation developed from biometric measurements from two northern hardwood forests in the northeastern USA. The Bartlett Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire, USA, stored an estimated net average annual 0.53 tC/ha/yr between 1932-2001, for an increase of 50% in carbon stock per unit area; there were significant differences in accrual rates between age classes (38% for old unmanaged stands and 78% for younger unmanaged stands). The Kane Experimental Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA, exhibited a 140% increase in carbon stored per unit area between 1932 and 2006, with an average annual accumulation rate of 0.89 tC/ha/yr. While both forests have experienced management activity and natural disturbances and differ in species composition, the average age of the forests is an important factor driving the differences in net accumulation rates. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hoover, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM choover@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 730 EP 740 DI 10.3390/f2030730 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V28BV UT WOS:000208657200006 ER PT J AU Kimsey, M Page-Dumroese, D Coleman, M AF Kimsey, Mark, Jr. Page-Dumroese, Deborah Coleman, Mark TI Assessing Bioenergy Harvest Risks: Geospatially Explicit Tools for Maintaining Soil Productivity in Western US Forests SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE forest soil productivity; soil disturbance; GIS; best management practices AB Biomass harvesting for energy production and forest health can impact the soil resource by altering inherent chemical, physical and biological properties. These impacts raise concern about damaging sensitive forest soils, even with the prospect of maintaining vigorous forest growth through biomass harvesting operations. Current forest biomass harvesting research concurs that harvest impacts to the soil resource are region- and site-specific, although generalized knowledge from decades of research can be incorporated into management activities. Based upon the most current forest harvesting research, we compiled information on harvest activities that decrease, maintain or increase soil-site productivity. We then developed a soil chemical and physical property risk assessment within a geographic information system for a timber producing region within the Northern Rocky Mountain ecoregion. Digital soil and geology databases were used to construct geospatially explicit best management practices to maintain or enhance soil-site productivity. The proposed risk assessments could aid in identifying resilient soils for forest land managers considering biomass operations, policy makers contemplating expansion of biomass harvesting and investors deliberating where to locate bioenergy conversion facilities. C1 [Kimsey, Mark, Jr.; Coleman, Mark] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Page-Dumroese, Deborah] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kimsey, M (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkimsey@uidaho.edu; ddumroese@fs.fed.us; mcoleman@uidaho.edu RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 797 EP 813 DI 10.3390/f2030797 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V28BV UT WOS:000208657200010 ER PT J AU Ge, YF Thomasson, JA Sui, RX AF Ge, Yufeng Thomasson, J. Alex Sui, Ruixiu TI Remote sensing of soil properties in precision agriculture: A review SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil; soil property; precision agriculture (PA); remote sensing (RS); near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy; sensor ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP MANAGEMENT; AMERICAN SOILS; MOISTURE; SURFACE; IMAGERY; SENSOR; SPECTROPHOTOMETER AB The success of precision agriculture (PA) depends strongly upon an efficient and accurate method for in-field soil property determination. This information is critical for farmers to calculate the proper amount of inputs for best crop performance and least environmental effect. Grid sampling, as a traditional way to explore in-field soil variation, is no longer considered appropriate since it is labor intensive, time consuming and lacks spatial exhaustiveness. Remote sensing (RS) provides a new tool for PA information gathering and has advantages of low cost, rapidity, and relatively high spatial resolution. Great progress has been made in utilizing RS for in-field soil property determination. In this article, recent publications on the subject of RS of soil properties in PA are reviewed. It was found that a large array of agriculturally-important soil properties (including textures, organic and inorganic carbon content, macro-and micro-nutrients, moisture content, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, pH, and iron) were quantified with RS successfully to the various extents. The applications varied from laboratory-analysis of soil samples with a bench-top spectrometer to field-scale soil mapping with satellite hyper-spectral imagery. The visible and near-infrared regions are most commonly used to infer soil properties, with the ultraviolet, mid-infrared, and thermal-infrared regions have been used occasionally. In terms of data analysis, MLR, PCR, and PLSR are three techniques most widely used. Limitations and possibilities of using RS for agricultural soil property characterization were also identified in this article. C1 [Sui, Ruixiu] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ge, Yufeng; Thomasson, J. Alex] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sui, RX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ruixiu.sui@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 88 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0175-0 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 002SV UT WOS:000308556300001 ER PT J AU Ge, YF Thomasson, JA Sui, RX Wooten, J AF Ge, Yufeng Thomasson, J. Alex Sui, Ruixiu Wooten, James TI Regression-kriging for characterizing soils with remotesensing data SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture; regression-kriging; remote sensing; soil sensors ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; ATTRIBUTES; VARIABLES; SURFACE; FIELD AB In precision agriculture regression has been used widely to quantify the relationship between soil attributes and other environmental variables. However, spatial correlation existing in soil samples usually violates a basic assumption of regression: sample independence. In this study, a regression-kriging method was attempted in relating soil properties to the remote sensing image of a cotton field near Vance, Mississippi, USA. The regression-kriging model was developed and tested by using 273 soil samples collected from the field. The result showed that by properly incorporating the spatial correlation information of regression residuals, the regression-kriging model generally achieved higher prediction accuracy than the stepwise multiple linear regression model. Most strikingly, a 50% increase in prediction accuracy was shown in soil sodium concentration. Potential usages of regression-kriging in future precision agriculture applications include real-time soil sensor development and digital soil mapping. C1 [Sui, Ruixiu] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ge, Yufeng; Thomasson, J. Alex] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wooten, James] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sui, RX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ruixiu.sui@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0174-1 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 002SV UT WOS:000308556300002 ER PT J AU DiGirolomo, MF Allen, DC Stehman, SV AF DiGirolomo, Marc F. Allen, Douglas C. Stehman, Stephen V. TI Notes on the Biology of Saperda imitans Infesting Wind-damaged Black Cherry in Allegheny Hardwood Stands SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB This paper reports observations made on the life history and biology of Saperda imitans Felt & Joutel in black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. S. imitans was the principle longhorned beetle (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) reared from bolts collected from 68 wind-thrown black cherry at the Kane Experimental Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. It was also the only species that overwintered in the sapwood/outer heartwood, and thus impacted the commercial value of these trees. Gaurotes cyanipennis (Say) was the only other cerambycid reared from caged bolts taken from wind-thrown black cherry. The cerambycids Stenocorus vittiger (Randall), Arthophylax attenuatus (Haldman), G. cyanipennis, Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus (F.), Clytus ruricola (Olivier), Cyrtophorus verrucosus (Olivier), and Astylopsis macula (Say) were captured in ethanol-baited Lindgren(R) funnel traps placed in wind-thrown stands, but were not reared from cherry logs. S. imitans was not caught in these traps and apparently it is not attracted to ethanol baits. Neither S. imitans nor G. cyanipennis were reared from completely uprooted trees (dead) or trees with a major portion of the root system still embedded in soil (live). Preferred hosts were black cherry with moist phloem and epicormic branches with <25% live foliage (dying). The density of S. imitans galleries was similar for dying trees in each of three diameter classes; 20-30 cm, >30-40 cm, >40cm. Samples taken from the upper half of the first 5 m of black cherry boles had a higher density of galleries than did those from the lower half. The beetle was recovered in low numbers from branches <10 cm in basal diameter. S. imitans is univoltine and in 2007 peak emergence of adults occurred from late May to early June. Results identified the condition of wind-damaged black cherry most susceptible to an infestation of S. imitans. This information can be used to establish salvage priorities following a weather event such as this. C1 [DiGirolomo, Marc F.] USDA, APHIS, Worcester, MA 01604 USA. [Allen, Douglas C.; Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP DiGirolomo, MF (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Worcester, MA 01604 USA. EM mfdigiro@yahoo.com; dcallen@esf.edu; svstehma@esf.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 189 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V36TH UT WOS:000209233000005 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, M AF Ulyshen, Michael TI Bugback Riding SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ulyshen, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE PI NEW YORK PA 36 WEST 25TH STREET, FIFTH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 119 IS 8 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V40ET UT WOS:000209462600011 ER PT J AU Gao, YL Jurat-Fuentes, JL Oppert, B Fabrick, JA Liu, CX Gao, JH Lei, ZR AF Gao, Yulin Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis Oppert, Brenda Fabrick, Jeffrey A. Liu, Chenxi Gao, Jianhua Lei, Zhongren TI Increased toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa against Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata, Phaedon brassicae and Colaphellus bowringi by a Tenebrio molitor cadherin fragment SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry toxin; Bt synergist; cadherin; Coleoptera ID TOXIN-BINDING CADHERIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; CRY1AC TOXICITY; PINK-BOLLWORM; RESISTANCE; RECEPTOR AB BACKGROUND: Biopesticides containing Cry insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are effective against many lepidopteran pests, but there is a lack of Bt-based pesticides for efficient control of important coleopteran pests. Based on the reported increase in Bt toxin oligomerization by a polypeptide from the Cry3Aa receptor cadherin in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), it was hypothesized that this cadherin peptide, rTmCad1p, would enhance Cry3Aa toxicity towards coleopteran larvae. To test this hypothesis, the relative toxicity of Cry3Aa, with or without rTmCad1p, against damaging chrysomelid vegetable pests of China was evaluated. RESULTS: Cry3Aa toxicity was evaluated in the spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata), cabbage leaf beetle (Colaphellus bowringi) and daikon leaf beetle (Phaedon brassicae). To assess the effect of rTmCad1p on Cry3Aa toxicity, neonate larvae were fed Cry3Aa toxin alone or in combination with increasing amounts of rTmCad1p. The data demonstrated that Cry3Aa toxicity was significantly increased in all three vegetable pests, resulting in as much as a 15.3-fold increase in larval mortality. CONCLUSION: The application of rTmCad1p to enhance Cry3Aa insecticidal activity has potential for use in increasing range and activity levels against coleopteran pests displaying low susceptibility to Bt-based biopesticides. (c) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Gao, Yulin; Liu, Chenxi; Lei, Zhongren] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. [Fabrick, Jeffrey A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Gao, Jianhua] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Inst Insect Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Lei, ZR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zrlei@ippcaas.cn OI Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 FU earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China [Nycytx-35-gw27]; University of Tennessee Research Foundation FX The authors are grateful to ZR Liu (Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), XP Wang and LZ Chen (Huazhong Agricultural University) for kindly providing the eggs of CLB and DLB. We thank J Zhang (IPP) and ZC Shen (ZJU) for their valuable suggestion with bioassays. This research was supported by the earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China (Nycytx-35-gw27) and by a Technology Maturation Grant from the University of Tennessee Research Foundation to JLJF. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1076 EP 1081 DI 10.1002/ps.2149 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 811RT UT WOS:000294231500006 PM 21495115 ER PT J AU Rango, A Havstad, K Estell, R AF Rango, Albert Havstad, Kris Estell, Rick TI The Utilization of Historical Data and Geospatial Technology Advances at the Jornada Experimental Range to Support Western America Ranching Culture SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Western American culture; historical data; geospatial technology; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; remote sensing ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO AB By the early 1900s, concerns were expressed by ranchers, academicians, and federal scientists that widespread overgrazing and invasion of native grassland by woody shrubs were having severe negative impacts upon normal grazing practices in Western America. Ranchers wanted to reverse these trends and continue their way of life and were willing to work with scientists to achieve these goals. One response to this desire was establishment of the USDA Jornada Experimental Range (783 km(2)) in south central New Mexico by a Presidential Executive Order in 1912 for conducting rangeland investigations. This cooperative effort involved experiments to understand principles of proper management and the processes causing the woody shrub invasion as well as to identify treatments to eradicate shrubs. By the late 1940s, it was apparent that combining the historical ground-based data accumulated at Jornada Experimental Range with rapidly expanding post World War II technologies would yield a better understanding of the driving processes in these arid and semiarid ecosystems which could then lead to improved rangeland management practices. One specific technology was the use of aerial photography to interpret landscape resource conditions. The assembly and utilization of long-term historical aerial photography data sets has occurred over the last half century. More recently, Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques have been used in a myriad of scientific endeavors including efforts to accurately locate historical and contemporary treatment plots and to track research animals including livestock and wildlife. As an incredible amount of both spatial and temporal data became available, Geographic Information Systems have been exploited to display various layers of data over the same locations. Subsequent analyses of these data layers have begun to yield new insights. The omost recent technological development has been the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that afford the opportunity to obtain high (5 cm) resolution data now required for rangeland monitoring. The Jornada team is now a leader in civil UAV applications in the USA. The scientific advances at the Jornada in fields such as remote sensing can be traced to the original Western America ranching culture that established the Jornada in 1912 and which persists as an important influence in shaping research directions today. C1 [Rango, Albert; Havstad, Kris; Estell, Rick] USDA Agr Res Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA Agr Res Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alrango@nmsu.edu; khavstad@nmsu.edu; restell@nmsu.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 3 IS 9 BP 2089 EP 2109 DI 10.3390/rs3092089 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978OJ UT WOS:000306752800016 ER PT J AU Hygnstrom, SE Garabrandt, GW Vercauteren, KC AF Hygnstrom, Scott E. Garabrandt, Gary W. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Fifteen Years of Urban Deer Management: The Fontenelle Forest Experience SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE deer-human interactions; developed environments; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage management AB Fontenelle Forest (FF) is a 16.5-km(2) serene natural area surrounded by a developed landscape, including Omaha and Bellevue, Nebraska, USA. An overabundant population of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) degraded the local forest. In January 1995, we estimated the density of deer at 27 deer/km(2) in FF and the adjacent Gifford Point Wildlife Management Area (GP) and Bellevue residential (BR) area. We engaged in a public process to establish a deer management program in this developed landscape and learned from 15 years of experience. Formation of the Bellevue Deer Task Force led to implementation of controlled deer-hunting seasons from 1996 to present. Total annual harvest of white-tailed deer by archery and muzzleloader hunters at FF ranged from 28 in 1996 to 140 in 2006. Mean success rates of archery (52%) and muzzleloader hunters (93%) at FF were high compared to other areas. Densities of white-tailed deer in the study area declined from 27 deer/km(2) in 1995 to 15 deer/km(2) in 2006, though harvest and deer were not evenly distributed across the landscape. By 2006, densities of deer were near overwinter goals in the hunted FF lowlands, FF uplands, and GP lowlands (7 deer/km(2), 5 deer/km(2), and 13 deer/km(2), respectively), but they remained relatively high in the adjacent unhunted BR area (30 deer/km(2)). Native plant communities were severely overbrowsed in the study area through 1995, influencing their structure and composition, but signs of recovery were apparent in areas where controlled hunting reduced densities of deer to <6 deer/km(2). Controlled hunts at FF have reduced densities of deer in the immediate area to tolerable levels and have been accepted by area residents, with relatively little media coverage and public scrutiny. Total costs of controlled (US$ 120/deer) and depredation hunts (US$70/deer, 2010 prices) were low compared to other areas and methods. Common themes of the 15-year management program included cooperation, communication, leadership, research-based management, adaptive management, persistence, and resources. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Garabrandt, Gary W.] Fontenelle Nat Assoc, Bellevue, NE 68005 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hygnstrom, SE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 415 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM shygnstrom1@unl.edu FU Fontenelle Nature Association; Gifford Foundation; NGPC; Papio-Missouri Natural Resources District; Sarpy County; University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX We thank M. Dietz, B. Ekstein, J. Ekstein, C. Kearns, and several volunteers and hunters at FF who assisted with fieldwork and hunts. K. Finch, R. Gleason, K. Hams, and K. Lunstra provided access to documents, logistic support, and study area. Funding for the project was provided by Fontenelle Nature Association, Gifford Foundation, NGPC, Papio-Missouri Natural Resources District, Sarpy County, and University of Nebraska-Lincoln. D. Walter, S. Vantassel, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided many useful suggestions to the paper. G. Garabrandt provided most of the data and content for this paper. He has been instrumental in developing a deer harvest management program for FF and readily shared information to land managers across North America for over a decade. For more detailed information on managing urban deer hunts, contact G. Garabrandt. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1002/wsb.56 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800003 ER PT J AU Gionfriddo, JP Denicola, AJ Miller, LA Fagerstone, KA AF Gionfriddo, James P. Denicola, Anthony J. Miller, Lowell A. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. TI Efficacy of GnRH Immunocontraception of Wild White-Tailed Deer in New Jersey SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE contraception; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; infertility; Odocoileus virginianus; overabundance AB Safe and effective contraceptive agents are needed to manage overabundant populations of cervids in settings where traditional management methods such as hunting are prohibited or impractical. We used GonaCon (TM) Immunocontraceptive Vaccine to reduce reproduction in individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a fully fenced corporate-office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. In JulyAugust 2005, we captured, marked, injected, and released 47 adult females and then monitored their reproductive performance for 2 years. Thirty-two of these females each received a 1.0-mL injection of GonaCon vaccine, and 15 control females were given sham injections. Field observations of udder condition during summers of 2006 and 2007 were used to determine which adult female deer were lactating; lactation was used as an indicator of imminent or recent parturition. During summer 2006, 8 of 24 GonaCon-treated deer were pregnant, in contrast to 12 of 13 control deer. During summer 2007, 2 years after injections were given, 13 of 23 GonaCon-treated and 10 of 12 control animals were pregnant. We also captured, vaccinated, and released fawns (both sexes) and yearling and adult males and then monitored their reproductive status. Immunocontraception of fawns was unsuccessful. In some GonaCon-treated males (all age classes), serum testosterone concentrations and development of testes and antlers were reduced. Higher anti-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone antibody titers were associated with greater infertility in females and with lower values for reproductive parameters in males. GonaCon reduced reproduction in wild adult female white-tailed deer, but greater contraceptive efficacymay be required for it to gain widespread acceptance and use by natural resource managers. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Gionfriddo, James P.; Miller, Lowell A.; Fagerstone, Kathleen A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Denicola, Anthony J.] White Buffalo Inc, Moodus, CT 06469 USA. RP Gionfriddo, JP (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.p.gionfriddo@aphis.usda.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1002/wsb.32 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800005 ER PT J AU Gionfriddo, JP Denicola, AJ Miller, LA Fagerstone, KA AF Gionfriddo, James P. Denicola, Anthony J. Miller, Lowell A. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. TI Health Effects of GnRH Immunocontraception of Wild White-Tailed Deer in New Jersey SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE contraception; gonadotropin releasing hormone; granuloma; infertility; Odocoileus virginianus; overabundance AB We evaluated the health effects of GonaCon (TM) Immunocontraceptive Vaccine in individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a fully fenced corporate office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. We captured and vaccinated adult females, fawns of both sexes, and yearling and adult males, and evaluated their health status through field and necropsy observations, assessment of blood chemistry, and histopathological examination of selected tissues. One 1.0-mL intramuscular injection of vaccine was delivered by hand to the hind limb of each GonaCon-treated deer. Control deer received sham injections (ad F) or no injections (yearling and ad M). Mean body-condition scores of GonaCon-treated adult females and males were greater than those of corresponding control groups. No evidence of limping or impaired mobility was noted in study deer during the 2-year study. No adverse effects of vaccination were detected in major organs, organ systems, body condition, fat deposits, or blood chemistry. Injection-site lesions (granulomatous nodules and sterile abscesses) occurred in the deep hind-limb musculature of > 85% of GonaCon-treated and sham-injected deer but were not detectable externally. Reactions at injection sites and in lymph nodes were typical responses to injection of vaccines formulated as water-in-oil emulsions, especially those, like GonaCon, that contain mycobacteria. The formation of injection-site lesions may be a necessary component of the immune response that causes infertility in treated animals. Natural resource managers who use GonaCon to manage deer in settings such as developed areas and public parks will ultimately determine its value and applicability. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Gionfriddo, James P.; Miller, Lowell A.; Fagerstone, Kathleen A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Denicola, Anthony J.] White Buffalo Inc, Moodus, CT 06469 USA. RP Gionfriddo, JP (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.p.gionfriddo@aphis.usda.gov NR 104 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1002/wsb.17 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800006 ER PT J AU Vercauteren, KC Anderson, CW Van Deelen, TR Drake, D Walter, WD Vantassel, SM Hygnstrom, SE AF Vercauteren, Kurt C. Anderson, Charles W. Van Deelen, Timothy R. Drake, David Walter, W. David Vantassel, Stephen M. Hygnstrom, Scott E. TI Regulated Commercial Harvest to Manage Overabundant White-Tailed Deer: An Idea to Consider? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE commercial harvest; Odocoileus virginianus; overabundance; population management; white-tailed deer; wildlife-damage management AB Declines in hunter recruitment coupled with dramatic growth in numbers of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have challenged our ability to manage deer populations through regulated hunting. We review the efficacy of current regulated hunting methods and explain how they are unable to reduce deer numbers sufficiently in some environments. Regulated commercial harvest would provide an additional tool to help state wildlife agencies manage overabundant populations of white-tailed deer. We outline potential means to govern regulated commercial deer harvest and explain how it is compatible with the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. We identified several benefits, including reduced overabundant populations of deer; source of healthy, natural, green, locally produced protein; promotion of economic growth, entrepreneurship, and market expansion; and public engagement and appreciation. We also address expected concerns associated with this concept, such as privatization of wildlife; overexploitation; food safety; competition with existing commodities; law enforcement; and challenges of changing laws, regulations, and attitudes. We suggest developing a professional forum to address the issue of regulated commercial harvest of white-tailed deer and other overabundant species of wildlife. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Vercauteren, Kurt C.; Anderson, Charles W.; Walter, W. David] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Van Deelen, Timothy R.; Drake, David] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vantassel, Stephen M.; Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vercauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA National Wildlife Research Center; University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX We thank the state agencies that provided access to data for this manuscript. Earlier drafts were improved by comments from 2 anonymous reviewers. Lastly, we thank the USDA National Wildlife Research Center and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for financial support. NR 82 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1002/wsb.36 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800010 ER PT J AU Hildreth, AM Hygnstrom, SE Hams, KM Vercauteren, KC AF Hildreth, Aaron M. Hygnstrom, Scott E. Hams, Kit M. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI The Nebraska Deer Exchange: A Novel Program for Donating Harvested Deer SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE developed landscapes; donation; human dimensions; hunter; hunting; Nebraska; Odocoileus virginianus; venison; white-tailed deer AB Populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have become overabundant throughout their historic range, especially in developed landscapes. A variety of techniques, including controlled hunts in urban-suburban areas, are being used to increase harvest. Deer donation programs have been initiated in nearly all 50 states of the United States, and have been successful at providing venison to the hungry, but at significant costs to wildlife agencies and hunters. Our objectives were to: 1) develop a low-cost program to facilitate the exchange of excess harvested deer from hunters to recipients; 2) evaluate the attitudes of participating hunters and recipients; and 3) determine the effectiveness of the Nebraska Deer Exchange (NDE). The NDE was developed in 2008, featuring an interactive webpage hosted by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC). The NDE served as a database and matchmaker for hunters and recipients to contact each other and arrange the transfer of harvested deer. We evaluated the program by conducting an e-mail survey of participants. The code and website for the NDE were developed in 40 hr and the overall cost to NGPC was US$1,120. A total of 1,172 people participated the first year and >6,900 kg of venison was donated to willing recipients. Sixty-six percent of donors indicated they harvested additional deer as a direct result of the NDE. Surveyed participants overwhelmingly indicated that the program was easy, inexpensive, and should continue the next year. The NDE aided in the harvest of additional deer, increased interactions between hunters and nonhunters, and provided nutritious venison to willing recipients. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hildreth, Aaron M.; Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hams, Kit M.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hildreth, AM (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM hildreta@gmail.com FU NGPC; University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Natural Resources FX We thank J. Hoffman and T. Kroeger of the NGPC for their assistance in developing the program. Funding was provided by the NGPC and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Natural Resources. Thank you to the donors and recipients who responded to our survey. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1002/wsb.11 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800011 ER PT J AU Hygnstrom, SE Vercauteren, KC Groepper, SR Garabrandt, GW Gubanyi, JA AF Hygnstrom, Scott E. Vercauteren, Kurt C. Groepper, Scott R. Garabrandt, Gary W. Gubanyi, Joseph A. TI Effects of Seasons and Hunting on Space Use by Female White-Tailed Deer in a Developed Landscape in Southeastern Nebraska SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE developed landscapes; dispersal; home range; hunting; Nebraska; Odocoileus virginianus; suburban; white-tailed deer AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were extirpated from a 1,800-ha natural area along the Missouri River near Omaha, Nebraska, USA shortly after settlement in the mid-1800s, but they recolonized the area in the early 1960s. In absence of hunting and predators, the population of deer became overabundant in the 1980s and 1990s. Deer impacted plant communities at Fontenelle Forest (FF) and Gifford Point (GP) and a 200-300% increase in deer-vehicle collisions was observed in the area. We radiocollared female white-tailed deer in this region during February 1995-March 1996 to determine the effects of phenological seasons and archery and muzzleloader hunting on space use. Mean size of annual home ranges of 50 radiocollared female deer was 275 ha (range = 18-4,265 ha, SE = 88). Forty-one of 50 deer (82%) maintained high fidelity to their small annual home ranges ((x) over bar = 115 ha, SE = 13) and made short seasonal movements (<1.0 km). Seven deer dispersed and exhibited large seasonal shifts in centers of home ranges (<(x)over bar> = 3.2 km, range = 1-7 km) and 2 deer exhibited migratory behavior. We observed no spatial patterns associated with seasonal dispersal or migration that would subject deer in unhunted areas to harvest in hunted areas. Controlled deer hunts were implemented in the upland areas adjacent to Bellevue residential area and the lowlands of FF and GP. Effects of archery hunting on deer use areas were minimal. Deer subjected to muzzleloader hunting increased the size of use areas by 88-97% and shifted centers of use areas a mean of 666 m (SE = 211, range = 121-1,932 m), but they did not leave the lowland areas of FF or GP. Controlled hunts enabled the removal of resident deer from populations adjacent to the Bellevue residential area. Where practical, we suggest that regulated hunting be used as part of an overall plan to manage densities of deer and associated impacts in developed landscapes. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hygnstrom, Scott E.; Groepper, Scott R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Garabrandt, Gary W.] Fontenelle Nat Assoc, Bellevue, NE 68005 USA. [Gubanyi, Joseph A.] Concordia Univ Nebraska, Seward, NE 68434 USA. RP Hygnstrom, SE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM scott.groepper@yahoo.com FU FF Association; Gifford Foundation; NGPC; Papio-Missouri Natural Resources District; Sarpy County; University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX We acknowledge contributions of J. Ekstein, who conducted most fieldwork associated with this project. We also thank M. Dietz, B. Ekstein, C. Kearns, and several volunteers who assisted with fieldwork. K. Finch, R. Gleason, and K. Lunstra provided access to the study area, documents, and logistic support. B. Trindle and S. Vantassel reviewed the manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by FF Association, Gifford Foundation, NGPC, Papio-Missouri Natural Resources District, Sarpy County, and University of Nebraska-Lincoln. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1002/wsb.21 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800014 ER PT J AU Anderson, CW Nielsen, CK Storm, DJ Schauber, EM AF Anderson, Charles W. Nielsen, Clayton K. Storm, Daniel J. Schauber, Eric M. TI Modeling Habitat Use of Deer in an Exurban Landscape SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE exurban; habitat; modeling; Odocoileus virginianus; Penrose distance; white-tailed deer AB Several wildlife biologists have developed models of habitat suitability for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Although these analyses have provided insight into factors affecting deer density and distribution over large scales, no studies havemodeled habitat use of deer in exurban landscapes. We modeled habitat similarity to areas used most intensively by deer in exurban Carbondale, Illinois, USA, during the fawning (15 May-31 Jul) and winter season (15 Dec-15 Mar). We used >15,000 locations from 20 Global Positioning System-collared female deer tracked during 2003-2005, habitat variables, and the Penrose distance statistic for modeling. A positive correlation with number of dwellings (r = 0.45) and coefficient of variation of forest area (r = 0.16) indicated deer avoidance of areas with increased number of dwellings and variation in forest area during the fawning season. Deer decreased winter use of areas as the diversity of landcover types (r = 0.64), variation in forest patch size (r = 0.40), and variation of grassland patch size (r = 0.18) increased. Winter habitat use of an area increased as size of forest patch area increased (r = -0.30). This model can be used by wildlife managers to better understand potential deer-human encounters and deer use of the landscape. Alternatively, wildlife managers may use the model to target areas for traditional harvest management or deer removal operations. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Anderson, Charles W.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; Storm, Daniel J.; Schauber, Eric M.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Anderson, Charles W.; Storm, Daniel J.; Schauber, Eric M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Nielsen, Clayton K.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Anderson, CW (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM charles.anderson@aphis.usda.gov FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources through Federal Aid Project [W-87-R]; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology; Graduate School at Southern Illinois University Carbondale FX We thank the Illinois Department of Natural Resources through Federal Aid Project W-87-R, Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, and Graduate School at Southern Illinois University Carbondale for funding and logistical support of this research. We thank the technicians, graduate students, and volunteers that aided us in this research. Comments by 2 anonymous reviewers strengthened earlier drafts. Finally, we thank the dozens of southern Illinois landowners that provided access to their lands for deer capture and radiotelemetry. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1002/wsb.39 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800016 ER PT J AU Biondi, KM Belant, JL Martin, JA Devault, TL Wang, GM AF Biondi, Kristin M. Belant, Jerrold L. Martin, James A. Devault, Travis L. Wang, Guiming TI White-Tailed Deer Incidents With US Civil Aircraft SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE airport; airport management; aviation hazard; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; wildlife-aircraft incident; wildlife strike AB Aircraft incidents with ungulates cause substantial economic losses and pose risks to human safety. We analyzed 879 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) incidents with United States civil aircraft from 1990 to 2009 reported in the Federal Aviation Administration National Wildlife Strike Database. During that time, deer incidents followed a quadratic response curve, peaking in 1994 and declining thereafter. There appeared to be some seasonal patterning in incident frequency, with deer incidents increasing overall from January to November, and peaking in October and November (30.7%). Most incidents (64.8%) occurred at night, but incident rates were greatest (P <= 0.001) at dusk. Landing-roll represented 60.7% of incidents and more incidents occurred during landing than take-off (P <= 0.001). Almost 70% of deer incidents had an effect on flight. About 6% of pilots attempted to avoid deer, and were less likely to sustain damage. Aircraft were 25 times more likely to be destroyed when multiple deer were struck versus a single individual. Deer incidents represented 0.9% of all wildlife incidents, yet 5.4% of total estimated costs. Reported costs for deer incident damages during this period exceeded US$36 million, with US$75 million in total estimated damages. Deer incidents resulted in 1 of 24 human deaths and 26 of 217 injuries reported for all wildlife incidents with aircraft during the reporting period. Managers should implement exclusion techniques (e.g., fences, cattle guards, or electrified mats) to maximize reductions in deer use of airfields. Where exclusion is not practical, managers should consider lethal control, habitat modifications, increased monitoring and hazing, and improved technology to aircraft and runway lighting to reduce incidents at airports. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Biondi, Kristin M.; Belant, Jerrold L.; Martin, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Martin, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Agr Ecol Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Devault, Travis L.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Biondi, KM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kbiondi@cfr.msstate.edu FU Mississippi State University; United States Department of Agriculture; Federal Aviation Administration [DTFACT-04-X-90003] FX Our work was supported by Mississippi State University, the United States Department of Agriculture, and the Federal Aviation Administration under agreement DTFACT-04-X-90003. We thank B. F. Blackwell, T. W. Seamans, and M. J. Begier for reviewing drafts of this manuscript. Opinions expressed in this study do not necessarily reflect current Federal Aviation Administration policy decisions regarding the control of wildlife on or near airports. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1002/wsb.46 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800024 ER PT J AU Baquedano, FG Liefert, W Shapouri, S AF Baquedano, Felix G. Liefert, William Shapouri, Shahla TI World market integration for export and food crops in developing countries: a case study for Mali and Nicaragua SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Market integration; Price transmission; Generalized error correction model; Cotton; Coffee; Rice; Mali; Nicaragua ID PRICES; WHEAT AB Using a generalized error correction model, this article measures and compares market integration for export cash crops versus imported food crops for Mali and Nicaragua, and computes transmission elasticities between changes in the goods' border and domestic prices. Both Mali and Nicaragua obtain the bulk of their export revenue from a particular agricultural commodity-cotton for Mali and coffee for Nicaragua-and both import the same key staple food of rice. To reap the economic gains from this trade specialization, the two countries' agriculture must be well-integrated into world markets. The two countries present an important policy contrast that affects their degree of world market integration and price transmission. In Mali, a parastatal enterprise controls its cotton industry, while Nicaragua has less state direction over agriculture. Reflecting this difference, the results show that for both its main export and import commodity, Nicaragua is more integrated into world markets and has higher price transmission than Mali. The results for Nicaragua also show much higher integration and price transmission for its main agricultural export (coffee) than its major import (rice). C1 [Baquedano, Felix G.; Liefert, William; Shapouri, Shahla] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Baquedano, FG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM fbaquedano@ers.usda.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 42 IS 5 BP 619 EP 630 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2011.00540.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 808IM UT WOS:000293971400007 ER PT J AU Pasiakos, SM McClung, HL McClung, JP Margolis, LM Andersen, NE Cloutier, GJ Pikosky, MA Rood, JC Fielding, RA Young, AJ AF Pasiakos, Stefan M. McClung, Holly L. McClung, James P. Margolis, Lee M. Andersen, Nancy E. Cloutier, Gregory J. Pikosky, Matthew A. Rood, Jennifer C. Fielding, Roger A. Young, Andrew J. TI Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation during moderate steady state exercise enhances postexercise muscle protein synthesis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; COMBINED INGESTION; AEROBIC EXERCISE; DOSE-RESPONSE; YOUNG MEN; RECOVERY; CARBOHYDRATE; STIMULATION AB Background: The effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation during moderate steady state (ie, endurance) exercise on postexercise skeletal muscle metabolism are not well described, and the potential role of supplemental leucine on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and associated molecular responses remains to be elucidated. Objective: This randomized crossover study examined whether EAA supplementation with 2 different concentrations of leucine affected post-steady state exercise MPS, whole-body protein turnover, and mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) intracellular signaling. Design: Eight adults completed 2 separate bouts of cycle ergometry [60 min, 60% VO(2)peak (peak oxygen uptake)]. Isonitrogenous (10 g EAA) drinks with different leucine contents [leucine-enriched (L)EAA, 3.5 g leucine; EAA, 1.87 g leucine] were consumed during exercise. MPS and whole-body protein turnover were determined by using primed continuous infusions of [(2)H(5)] phenylalanine and [1-(13)C]leucine. Multiplex and immunoblot analyses were used to quantify mTORC1 signaling. Results: MPS was 33% greater (P < 0.05) after consumption of L-EAA (0.08 +/- 0.01%/h) than after consumption of EAA (0.06 +/- 0.01%/ h). Whole-body protein breakdown and synthesis were lower (P < 0.05) and oxidation was greater (P < 0.05) after consumption of L-EAA than after consumption of EAA. Regardless of dietary treatment, multiplex analysis indicated that Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation were increased (P < 0.05) 30 min after exercise. Immunoblot analysis indicated that phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase increased (P < 0.05) and phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 decreased (P < 0.05) after exercise but was not affected by dietary treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that increasing the concentration of leucine in an EAA supplement consumed during steady state exercise elicits a greater MPS response during recovery. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01366924. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:809-18. C1 [Pasiakos, Stefan M.; McClung, Holly L.; McClung, James P.; Margolis, Lee M.; Andersen, Nancy E.; Pikosky, Matthew A.; Young, Andrew J.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Cloutier, Gregory J.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rood, Jennifer C.] Louisiana State Univ Syst, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Pasiakos, SM (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM stefan.pasiakos@us.army.mil RI McClung, James/A-1989-2009; Pasiakos, Stefan/E-6295-2014; OI Pasiakos, Stefan/0000-0002-5378-5820; , Lee/0000-0002-0652-1304 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; US Army Medical Research and Material Command FX This material is based on work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture.; Supported by the US Army Medical Research and Material Command. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.017061 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 809IX UT WOS:000294047200016 PM 21775557 ER PT J AU Sekhar, RV Patel, SG Guthikonda, AP Reid, M Balasubramanyam, A Taffet, GE Jahoor, F AF Sekhar, Rajagopal V. Patel, Sanjeet G. Guthikonda, Anuradha P. Reid, Marvin Balasubramanyam, Ashok Taffet, George E. Jahoor, Farook TI Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID AGE-ASSOCIATED DECLINE; IN-VIVO RATES; ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; METABOLIZING ENZYMES; PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS; ELDERLY PEOPLE; AMINO-ACIDS; ADULTS; DISEASE AB Background: Aging is associated with oxidative stress, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objective: We tested whether glutathione deficiency occurs because of diminished synthesis and contributes to oxidative stress in aging and whether stimulating glutathione synthesis with its precursors cysteine and glycine could alleviate oxidative stress. Design: Eight elderly and 8 younger subjects received stable-isotope infusions of [(2)H(2)]glycine, after which red blood cell (RBC) glutathione synthesis and concentrations, plasma oxidative stress, and markers of oxidant damage (eg, F(2)-isoprostanes) were measured. Elderly subjects were restudied after 2 wk of glutathione precursor supplementation. Results: Compared with younger control subjects, elderly subjects had markedly lower RBC concentrations of glycine (486.7 +/- 28.3 compared with 218.0 +/- 23.7 mu mol/L; P < 0.01), cysteine (26.2 +/- 1.4 compared with 19.8 +/- 1.3 mu mol/L; P < 0.05), and glutathione (2.08 +/- 0.12 compared with 1.12 +/- 0.18 mmol/L RBCs; P < 0.05); lower glutathione fractional (83.14 +/- 6.43% compared with 45.80 +/- 5.69%/d; P < 0.01) and absolute (1.73 +/- 0.16 compared with 0.55 +/- 0.12 mmol/L RBCs per day; P < 0.01) synthesis rates; and higher plasma oxidative stress (304 +/- 16 compared with 346 +/- 20 Carratelli units; P < 0.05) and plasma F(2)-isoprostanes (97.7 +/- 8.3 compared with 136.3 +/- 11.3 pg/mL; P < 0.05). Precursor supplementation in elderly subjects led to a 94.6% higher glutathione concentration, a 78.8% higher fractional synthesis rate, a 230.9% higher absolute synthesis rate, and significantly lower plasma oxidative stress and F2-isoprostanes. No differences in these measures were observed between younger subjects and supplemented elderly subjects. Conclusions: Glutathione deficiency in elderly humans occurs because of a marked reduction in synthesis. Dietary supplementation with the glutathione precursors cysteine and glycine fully restores glutathione synthesis and concentrations and lowers levels of oxidative stress and oxidant damages. These findings suggest a practical and effective approach to decreasing oxidative stress in aging. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:847-53. C1 [Sekhar, Rajagopal V.; Patel, Sanjeet G.; Guthikonda, Anuradha P.; Balasubramanyam, Ashok] Baylor Coll Med, Translat Metab Unit, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Taffet, George E.] Baylor Coll Med, Div Geriatr, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Reid, Marvin; Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Reid, Marvin; Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sekhar, RV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Translat Metab Unit, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Margaret Alkek Bldg Biomed Res,R604,1 Baylor Plaz, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rsekhar@bcm.edu OI Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU Atlantic Philanthropies; John A Hartford Foundation; American Diabetes Association; Baylor Alkek Bridge Fund [NIH T32-DK07696]; Center of Excellence Award in Geriatrics at Baylor College of Medicine; National Institutes of Health [M01-RR00188]; General Clinical Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [5862-5-01003] FX Supported by Atlantic Philanthropies, John A Hartford Foundation, American Diabetes Association, and Association of Specialty Professors, and the Baylor Alkek Bridge Fund (to RVS); NIH T32-DK07696 Training Program in Molecular Endocrinology (to APG); and the Center of Excellence Award in Geriatrics at Baylor College of Medicine (to SGP). Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, M01-RR00188, General Clinical Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine. Some of the work was performed in the Baylor Children's Nutrition Research Center, which is supported by the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 5862-5-01003. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 847 EP 853 DI 10.3945/ajcn.110.003483 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 809IX UT WOS:000294047200020 PM 21795440 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Chen, P AF Sun, Jianghao Chen, Pei TI A flow-injection mass spectrometry fingerprinting method for authentication and quality assessment of Scutellaria lateriflora-based dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Scutellaria; Teucrium; MS; Fingerprinting; PCA ID TEUCRIUM-CHAMAEDRYS L; NEOCLERODANE DITERPENOIDS; CANADENSE; GLYCOSIDES; HPLC AB Scutellaria lateriflora, commonly known as skullcap, is used as an ingredient in numerous herbal products. However, it has been occasionally adulterated/contaminated with Teucrium canadense and/or Teucrium chamaedrys, commonly known as germander, due to the morphological similarities between the two genera. The latter contains hepatotoxic diterpenes. Despite the potential hepatotoxicity introduced by germander contamination, analytical methodologies for the authentication and quality assessment of S. lateriflora-based dietary supplements have not been reported. In this study, a flow-injection/mass spectrometry fingerprinting method in combination with principal component analysis was used to survey S. lateriflora-based dietary supplements sold in the USA. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 401 IS 5 BP 1577 EP 1584 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5246-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 808VJ UT WOS:000294009400013 PM 21773734 ER PT J AU Andere, CI Monteavaro, C Palacio, MA Catena, M Rodriguez, EM Collins, AM AF Irene Andere, Cecilia Monteavaro, Cristina Alejandra Palacio, Maria Catena, Maria Mario Rodriguez, Edgardo Marguerite Collins, Anita TI Apis mellifera semen: bacterial contamination and susceptibility to antibiotics SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; semen; bacterial content; antibiotics susceptibility ID EXTENDED PORCINE SEMEN; WORKER HONEY BEES; GENUS-BACILLUS; INSTRUMENTAL INSEMINATION; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; HYMENOPTERA-APIDAE; IN-VITRO; SPERM; MICROORGANISMS; SPERMATOZOA AB The aims of this study were to identify the bacterial genera and species present in semen of Apis mellifera and to evaluate the sensitivity of those bacteria to different antibiotics. Mesophilic aerobic and microaerophilic bacteria were characterized in semen samples from different hives, and the number of total viable bacteria per milliliter of semen was determined. Twenty-nine isolates were obtained, and 14 different genera were identified, some of them being monomicrobians and others polymicrobians. Colony-forming units (CFU) were variable from no bacterial development up to 4 x 10(5) CFU/mL. The most frequent genera were Bacillus and Staphylococcus. All the studied isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and amikacin. Spermatozoa viability in sperm samples diluted in buffer with antibiotic was similar to that of pure semen. C1 [Irene Andere, Cecilia; Monteavaro, Cristina; Catena, Maria; Mario Rodriguez, Edgardo] Univ Nacl Ctr Prov Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Vet, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Alejandra Palacio, Maria] Univ Nacl Mar Plata, Unidad Integrada INTA, Fac Ciencias Agr, RA-7600 Balcarce, Argentina. [Marguerite Collins, Anita] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Andere, CI (reprint author), Univ Nacl Ctr Prov Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Vet, Paraje Arroyo Seco S-N 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM candere@vet.unicen.edu.ar FU PROAPI FX We would like to thank Analia Martinez for collection of the semen for this work, Susana Insua for technical assistance, and Dr. Carolina Bianchi for the comprehensive lecture and suggestions. This study received financial support from the PROAPI (Integrated Project for Beekeeping Development). NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP PY 2011 VL 42 IS 5 BP 551 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s13592-011-0051-7 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 808IR UT WOS:000293971900001 ER PT J AU Peng, WJ Li, JL Boncristiani, H Strange, JP Hamilton, M Chen, YP AF Peng, Wenjun Li, Jilian Boncristiani, Humberto Strange, James P. Hamilton, Michele Chen, Yanping TI Host range expansion of honey bee Black Queen Cell Virus in the bumble bee, Bombus huntii SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE host range; bumble bee; Bombus huntii; Black queen cell virus ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA; PATHOGEN SPILLOVER; PARALYSIS VIRUS; APIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; POLLINATION; TERRESTRIS; SEQUENCE; ECOLOGY AB Here we provide the first evidence that Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), one of the most prevalent honey bee viruses, can cause an infection in bumble bees, Bombus huntii, and that the BQCV infection could spread to different tissues of bumble bees. The detection of negative strand RNA of BQCV, an indicator of active virus replication, in the gut of B. huntii suggests that virus particles replicate within the gut and then cross the gut lining to other tissues through hemolymph circulation. The observation of active replication of the BQCV in the gut, together with the fact that BQCV was more widespread in the body of field-collected bees than that of lab-reared bees, implies a possible association between the foraging activities of bumble bees and virus transmission. The fact that bumble bees and honey bees are able to share nectar and pollen resources in the same field suggests that geographical proximity of two host species could play a role in host range breadth of BQCV. C1 [Boncristiani, Humberto; Hamilton, Michele; Chen, Yanping] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Peng, Wenjun; Li, Jilian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Pollinating Insect Biol, Minist Agr, Inst Apicultural Res, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Strange, James P.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Biol Management & Systemat La, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Judy.Chen@ars.usda.gov FU Chinese "948" Ministry of Agriculture Project [2006-G19(4)]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars [30700606, 30972149]; International joint research project [2009DFA32600]; USDA-CAP [2009-85118-05718] FX This work was funded by the Chinese "948" Ministry of Agriculture Project (no. 2006-G19(4), Chinese National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars (no. 30700606, no. 30972149), International joint research project (no. 2009DFA32600) and an USDA-CAP grant (2009-85118-05718). NR 30 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP PY 2011 VL 42 IS 5 BP 650 EP 658 DI 10.1007/s13592-011-0061-5 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 808IR UT WOS:000293971900011 ER PT J AU Jones, ME Fenn, ME Paine, TD AF Jones, Michele Eatough Fenn, Mark E. Paine, Timothy D. TI The effect of nitrogen additions on bracken fern and its insect herbivores at sites with high and low atmospheric pollution SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen deposition; Pteridium aquilinum; Bracken fern; Insect herbivore; San Bernardino Mountains ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; 2 UPLAND PERENNIALS; INCREASED TEMPERATURE; PTERIDIUM-AQUILINUM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CALLUNA-VULGARIS; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; SATURATION AB The impact of atmospheric pollution, including nitrogen deposition, on bracken fern herbivores has never been studied. Bracken fern is globally distributed and has a high potential to accumulate nitrogen in plant tissue. We examined the response of bracken fern and its herbivores to N fertilization at a high and low pollution site in forests downwind of Los Angeles, California. Foliage from the high pollution site had higher total N and nitrate than the low pollution site. Bracken fern biomass, foliar N and herbivore abundance were all affected by fertilization treatments. Biomass and herbivore responses were greatest during a year of high precipitation. N additions at the low pollution site were primarily associated with decreased fern biomass, and with transient impacts on herbivore abundance. N additions significantly affected bracken fern and its herbivores at the high pollution site where foliar N and nitrate decreased in response to N addition treatments, while biomass and herbivore abundance increased. High atmospheric deposition and fertilization were both associated with increased herbivore richness. Herbivore abundance was most impacted by fertilization during the early expansion of fern fronds. The most abundant chewing herbivore, a sawfly, was positively associated with plant nitrogen at the low pollution site, but negatively associated with plant nitrogen at the high pollution site, where concentrations of both total N and nitrate were high. While overall growth and herbivore impacts in this xeric location were limited, the variable response we observed associated with rainfall, may indicate impacts could be larger in more mesic environments. C1 [Jones, Michele Eatough; Paine, Timothy D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Jones, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM michele.eatough@ucr.edu FU University of California Graduate Division; University of California Academic Senate; USDA National Research Initiative [96-35101-3259] FX We are grateful to Stephanie Washburn, Chris Hanlon, Katherine Lurhing, Stuart Wooley, Sarah Allen, Idara Essien, and Jocelyn Holt for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Funding was provided in part by the University of California Graduate Division through a dissertation improvement grant and by a grant from the University of California Academic Senate. The support of the USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program, Agreement No. 96-35101-3259 to Mark Fenn, Mark Poth and Paul Miller was instrumental in establishing the research plots for this study. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s11829-011-9125-8 PG 11 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 807TV UT WOS:000293923700001 ER PT J AU Pecinar, I Stevanovic, B Rector, BG Petanovic, R AF Pecinar, Ilinka Stevanovic, Branka Rector, Brian G. Petanovic, Radmila TI Micro-morphological alterations in young rosette leaves of Dipsacus laciniatus L. (Dipsacaceae) caused by infestation of the eriophyid mite Leipothrix dipsacivagus Petanovic et Rector (Acari: Eriophyoidea) under laboratory conditions SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological control of weeds; Eriophyidae; Leaf anatomy; Plant-mite interaction ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RUST MITE; PROSTIGMATA; RESPONSES; INJURY; DAMAGE; SPP.; GENE AB The present study describes micro-morphological and histological changes to rosette leaves of the native Eurasian plant species Dipsacus laciniatus (Dipsacaceae) provoked by infestation of the eriophyid mite Leipothrix dipsacivagus Petanovic et Rector. Conspicuous injuries to the leaf tissue were induced by mites feeding on leaves of D. laciniatus rosettes that were propagated from seed under laboratory conditions. Anatomical injuries extended into epidermal cells on the upper and lower leaf surface as well as to the mesophyll layer of infested D. laciniatus leaves. Statistical analysis (by ANOVA and MANOVA) showed significant differences between control and infested plants, particularly in total leaf thickness. The most striking change observed was the decrease in thickness of infested leaves, beginning from the 8th week, associated with the progressive replacement of epidermal cells with an acellular layer. Measures of mite density on test leaves indicated that mites vacated leaves as russeting symptoms intensified. They also appeared to vacate all leaves, whether symptomatic or not, after populations peaked 10-12 weeks after infestation. Comparisons were made between these studies and those on naturally infested, field-collected D. laciniatus plants, as well as with similar studies of other mite-plant interactions. C1 [Rector, Brian G.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Pecinar, Ilinka] Univ Belgrade, Dept Agrobot, Fac Agr, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. [Stevanovic, Branka] Univ Belgrade, Bot Inst & Garden, Fac Biol, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Petanovic, Radmila] Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol & Agr Zool, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brian.rector@ars.usda.gov FU Ministry of Science of the Republic of Serbia [143015, 143006] FX We thank Valentina Atanackovic for providing the excellent technical assistance in preparing plant material, and two anonymous reviewers for their revisions and valuable remarks on the manuscript. This study was supported by Ministry of Science of the Republic of Serbia, Grants no. 143015 and 143006. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s11829-011-9129-4 PG 8 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 807TV UT WOS:000293923700005 ER PT J AU Burley, JD Bytnerowicz, A AF Burley, Joel D. Bytnerowicz, Andrzej TI Surface ozone in the White Mountains of California SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface ozone; Portable ozone monitor; White Mountains; Elevation profile; HYSPLIT model ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BACKGROUND OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; TERM CHANGES; WEST-COAST; TRENDS; ALTITUDE; STATION; ALPINE; SITE AB Surface ozone concentrations are presented for four high-elevation sites along a north-south transect along the spine of the White Mountains and a fifth site located at lower elevation approximately 15 km to the west on the floor of the Owens Valley. The ozone data, which were collected from mid-June through mid-October of 2009, include results from two sites, White Mountain Summit (4342 m elevation) and Barcroft Station (3783 m), that are believed to be higher in elevation than any previously investigated sampling locations in North America. Average daily ozone values from the five sampling sites display similar day-to-day and week-to-week temporal fluctuations, which suggest that the sites are experiencing the same regional-scale background patterns in air quality and meteorology. Ozone concentrations increase with increasing elevation, consistent with findings from prior studies in Europe and North America. A linear elevation gradient of +0.0042 ppb m(-1) is obtained for July 15-August 15, but analogous gradients for August 15-September 15 and September 15-October 15 show reduced linearity and possibly the onset of a plateau in ozone concentrations for elevations above 2000 m. Average diurnal cycle magnitudes decrease with increasing elevation, falling from similar to 25-35 ppb for the Owens Valley site to similar to 3-7 ppb at three of the four high-elevation sites. Diurnal cycle magnitudes decrease (or remain roughly constant) at the non-Summit sites during the progression from mid-July to mid-October, but the magnitude of the diurnal cycle at the Summit increases from similar to 3 ppb to similar to 7 ppb over this same time frame. This latter result is inconsistent with results from previous investigations at other alpine sites, and may indicate the presence of local, topography-influenced mixing dynamics that are unique to the White Mountains. High hourly ozone concentrations at White Mountain Summit are found to correlate with 72-hour HYSPLIT back-trajectories that reflect enhanced levels of ozone transport from polluted regions (such as the Central Valley of California) or meteorological conditions that are favorable for ozone production. Low ozone concentrations at the Summit are found to correlate with HYSPLIT back-trajectories that reflect reduced levels of ozone transport from polluted areas or meteorological conditions that are unfavorable for ozone production. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burley, Joel D.] St Marys Coll Calif, Dept Chem, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Burley, JD (reprint author), St Marys Coll Calif, Dept Chem, POB 4527, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. EM jburley@stmarys-ca.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 45 IS 27 BP 4591 EP 4602 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.062 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 807VM UT WOS:000293931100006 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Edgar, R AF Sharratt, B. S. Edgar, R. TI Implications of changing PM10 Air Quality Standards on Pacific Northwest communities affected by windblown dust SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air Quality Standards; Pacific Northwest; PM10; Air pollution; Particulate matter; Dust AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently reviewing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter. EPA is considering the recommendation to change both the form and level of the PM10 (particulate matter <= 10 mu m in diameter) Standard. The implication of the recommended NAAQS for PM10 on air quality is explored in this study. Daily observations of PM10 were made at Kennewick and Spokane, WA from 2000 through 2010. The number of violations of the PM10 Standard was determined for both the current (not to exceed 150 mu g m(-3) on more than one day per year) and recommended (not to exceed 65 or 85 mu g m(-3) based upon the 98th percentile) Standards. The current PM10 Standard has only been violated at Kennewick. Under the recommended PM10 Standards, Kennewick would have violated the Standard at both the 65 and 85 mu g m(-3) levels while Spokane would have violated the Standard at only the 65 mu g m(-3) level. The results of this study suggest that the recommended NAAQS for PM10 using a level of 85 mu g m(-3) will tend to result in fewer violations of the Standard and using a level of 65 mu g m(-3) will tend to result in more violations of the Standard in the Inland Pacific Northwest. The Exceptional Event Rule and research on management practices to control the emission of fugitive dust will continue to be important strategies for achieving compliance with PM10 Air Quality Standards in the Inland Pacific Northwest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sharratt, B. S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Edgar, R.] Spokane Reg Clean Air Agcy, Spokane, WA USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 217 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Brenton.sharratt@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 45 IS 27 BP 4626 EP 4630 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.059 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 807VM UT WOS:000293931100010 ER PT J AU Biedermann, PHW Klepzig, KD Taborsky, M AF Biedermann, Peter H. W. Klepzig, Kier D. Taborsky, Michael TI Costs of delayed dispersal and alloparental care in the fungus-cultivating ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Scolytinae: Curculionidae) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Resource allocation; Capital breeding; Bark beetles; Sociality; Fungus gardening; Cooperative breeding ID CONDITION-DEPENDENT DISPERSAL; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; KIN COMPETITION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTION; POLYMORPHISM AB Body reserves may determine the reproductive output of animals, depending on their resource allocation strategy. In insects, an accumulation of reserves for reproduction is often obtained before dispersal by pre-emergence (or maturation) feeding. This has been assumed to be an important cause of delayed dispersal from the natal nest in scolytine beetles. In the cooperatively breeding ambrosia beetles, this is of special interest because in this group delayed dispersal could serve two alternative purposes: "selfish" maturation feeding or "altruistic" alloparental care. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we have experimentally studied the effect of delayed dispersal on future reproductive output in the xyleborine ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis. Females experimentally induced to disperse and delayed dispersing females did not differ in their body condition at dispersal and in their founding success afterwards, which indicates that females disperse independently of condition, and staying adult females are fully mature and would be able to breed. However, induced dispersers produced more offspring than delayed dispersers within a test period of 40 days. This suggests that delayed dispersal comes at a cost to females, which may result primarily from alloparental care and leads to a reduced reproductive output. Alternatively, females might have reproduced prior to dispersal. This is unlikely, however, for the majority of dispersing females because of the small numbers of offspring present in the gallery when females dispersed, suggesting that mainly the foundress had reproduced. In addition, "gallery of origin" was a strong predictor of the reproductive success of females, which may reflect variation in the microbial complex transmitted vertically from the natal nest to the daughter colony, or variation of genetic quality. These results have important implications for the understanding of proximate mechanisms selecting for philopatry and alloparental care in highly social ambrosia beetles and other cooperatively breeding arthropods. C1 [Biedermann, Peter H. W.; Klepzig, Kier D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Klepzig, Kier D.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Biedermann, Peter H. W.; Taborsky, Michael] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Biedermann, PHW (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Baltzerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM peter.biedermann@iee.unibe.ch RI Taborsky, Michael/F-8420-2013; Biedermann, Peter/E-3641-2013 OI Taborsky, Michael/0000-0002-1357-4316; Biedermann, Peter/0000-0003-4234-5659 FU Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Bern; Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Department of Behavioural Ecology, University of Bern; Roche Research Foundation FX We are grateful to Stacy Blomqvist and Eric Ott for collecting X. affinis in the field and starting the first lab galleries. This manuscript benefitted greatly from comments of Tabea Turrini, Dik Heg and two anonymous reviewers. The study was supported by a cooperative agreement between the Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Bern and the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. PHWB is a recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Department of Behavioural Ecology, University of Bern, and was partly funded by a fellowship of the Roche Research Foundation. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1753 EP 1761 DI 10.1007/s00265-011-1183-5 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 808JY UT WOS:000293975200010 ER PT J AU Van Lanen, NJ Franklin, AB Huyvaert, KP Reiser, RF Carlson, PC AF Van Lanen, Nicholas J. Franklin, Alan B. Huyvaert, Kathryn P. Reiser, Raoul F., II Carlson, Peter C. TI Who hits and hoots at whom? Potential for interference competition between barred and northern spotted owls SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Competition; Invasive species; Barred owl; Northern spotted owl; Interference; Exclusion ID INTRAGUILD PREDATION; STRIX-VARIA; CALLING BEHAVIOR; RANGE; HABITAT; COEXISTENCE; CALIFORNIA; RAPTOR; HEAD; OCCIDENTALIS AB The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is a controversial species in the Pacific Northwest that is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The barred owl (Strix varia), a species historically restricted to eastern North America, has recently expanded its range to completely overlap that of the northern spotted owl. Recent evidence suggests that barred owls may compete with northern spotted owls and may be one cause for recent declines in some northern spotted owl populations. Our focus was to examine whether barred owls have the potential to competitively exclude northern spotted owls from their territories through interference competition. We used a playback experiment to quantify aggressive vocal and physical behavior of barred and northern spotted owls during territorial defense. Experimental trials consisted of displaying northern spotted or barred owl taxidermy mounts, and broadcasting recorded vocalizations of the corresponding species, in both barred and northern spotted owl territories. The frequency of interspecific interactions was lower compared to intraspecific interactions between northern spotted owls alone. However, barred owls responded with higher levels of vocal and physical aggression than did northern spotted owls when agonistic interspecific interactions occurred. Our results suggest that barred owls are likely to assume the dominant role during interspecific interactions with northern spotted owls. Thus, interference competition is a plausible mechanism by which barred owls could contribute to observed population declines of northern spotted owls in areas where the species co-occur. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Lanen, Nicholas J.; Huyvaert, Kathryn P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Franklin, Alan B.] APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Reiser, Raoul F., II] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carlson, Peter C.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Van Lanen, NJ (reprint author), Rocky Mt Bird Observ, 230 Cherry Sr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM njvanlanen@gmail.com; alan.b.franklin@aphis.usda.gov; Kate.Huyvaert@colostate.edu; rfreiser@cahs.colostate.edu; pcarlson@colostate.edu RI Huyvaert, Kathryn/A-2710-2009 OI Huyvaert, Kathryn/0000-0003-3302-030X FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service Region 5 Office; Cooper Ornithological Society FX We thank Drs. Ken Burnham, Barry Noon, David Anderson, Phillip Chapman, and Brian Jones for their advice regarding experimental design and analyses. Tom Ferraro, of National Instruments, wrote a Lab View software application specifically for this research. We also thank the Hoopa Tribe, Green Diamond Resource Company, and Redwood National and State Parks for allowing us to conduct this research on their lands. Their personnel, particularly Dr. Lowell Diller, Keith Hamm, Brian Yost, Kristin Schmidt, Laura Weisel, and Mark Higley were of great assistance in facilitating access and providing owl location information. Field assistants Shannon Wadham and Amon Armstrong assisted with data collection in the field. Funding for the project was provided by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Region 5 Office and by the Cooper Ornithological Society. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments and suggestions which improved this manuscript. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 144 IS 9 BP 2194 EP 2201 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.05.011 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 809DB UT WOS:000294030900010 ER PT J AU Murthy, GS Johnston, DB Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Murthy, Ganti S. Johnston, David B. Rausch, Kent D. Tumbleson, M. E. Singh, Vijay TI Starch hydrolysis modeling: application to fuel ethanol production SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Starch hydrolysis; Amylose; Amylopectin; Liquefaction; Saccharification; Monte Carlo simulation ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS; FINE-STRUCTURE; ACTION PATTERN; AMYLOPECTIN; GLUCOAMYLASE; AMYLOLYSIS; KINETICS; WAXY AB Efficiency of the starch hydrolysis in the dry grind corn process is a determining factor for overall conversion of starch to ethanol. A model, based on a molecular approach, was developed to simulate structure and hydrolysis of starch. Starch structure was modeled based on a cluster model of amylopectin. Enzymatic hydrolysis of amylose and amylopectin was modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation method. The model included the effects of process variables such as temperature, pH, enzyme activity and enzyme dose. Pure starches from wet milled waxy and high-amylose corn hybrids and ground yellow dent corn were hydrolyzed to validate the model. Standard deviations in the model predictions for glucose concentration and DE values after saccharification were less than +/- 0.15% (w/v) and +/- 0.35%, respectively. Correlation coefficients for model predictions and experimental values were 0.60 and 0.91 for liquefaction and 0.84 and 0.71 for saccharification of amylose and amylopectin, respectively. Model predictions for glucose (R (2) = 0.69-0.79) and DP4(+) (R (2) = 0.8-0.68) were more accurate than the maltotriose and maltose for hydrolysis of high-amylose and waxy corn starch. For yellow dent corn, simulation predictions for glucose were accurate (R (2) > 0.73) indicating that the model can be used to predict the glucose concentrations during starch hydrolysis. C1 [Murthy, Ganti S.; Rausch, Kent D.; Tumbleson, M. E.; Singh, Vijay] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnston, David B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 360G AESB,1304 W Penn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM murthy@engr.orst.edu; vsingh@illinois.edu RI Murthy, Ganti /P-5272-2015 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 7 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.1007/s00449-011-0539-6 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 807KL UT WOS:000293896200012 PM 21487699 ER PT J AU Iwata, H Jannink, JL AF Iwata, Hiroyoshi Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Accuracy of Genomic Selection Prediction in Barley Breeding Programs: A Simulation Study Based On the Real Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Data of Barley Breeding Lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOMEWIDE SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; VARIABLE SELECTION; RIDGE-REGRESSION; ASSOCIATION; MAIZE; IMPROVEMENT AB The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of genomic selection (i.e., selection based on genome-wide markers) to phenotypic selection through simulations based on real barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data (1325 SNPs by 863 breeding lines). We simulated 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) at randomly picked SNPs, which were dropped from the marker data. The sum of heritability of all the QTL was set as 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6. We generated 100 datasets for each simulation condition. A dataset was then separated into training (N = 200, 400, or 600) and validation sets. Bayesian methods, multivariate regression methods (partial least square and ridge regression), and machine learning methods (random forest and support vector machine) were used for building prediction models. The prediction accuracy was high for the Bayesian methods and ridge regression. Under medium and high heritability (h(2) = 0.4 and 0.6), the mean of predictions from all methods was more accurate than predictions based on any single method, suggesting that different methods captured different aspects of genotype-phenotype associations. The advantage of genomic over phenotypic selection was larger under lower heritability and a larger training dataset. The difference in prediction accuracy between polygenic and oligogenic traits was small. The models were also useful in increasing the accuracy of predictions on breeding lines with phenotypic records. The results indicate that genomic selection can be efficiently used in barley breeding programs. C1 [Iwata, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agicultural & Life Sci, Dep Agr & Environm Biol, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Iwata, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agicultural & Life Sci, Dep Agr & Environm Biol, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM aiwata@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU USDA-CSREES [2006-55606-16722] FX This research was supported by USDA-CSREES Grant No. 2006-55606-16722 "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement." NR 56 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 27 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1915 EP 1927 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0732 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800004 ER PT J AU Brekke, B Edwards, J Knapp, A AF Brekke, Brent Edwards, Jode Knapp, Allen TI Selection and Adaptation to High Plant Density in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic Maize (Zea mays L.) Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION; NORTHERN CORN-BELT; GRAIN-YIELD; ROW WIDTH; HALF-SIB; BSSS AB The plant density at which maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids achieve maximum grain yield has increased throughout the hybrid era, whereas grain yield on a per plant basis has increased little. Changes in grain yield, grain moisture, test weight, and stalk and root lodging have been well characterized in comparisons of commercial hybrids representing different eras of hybrid maize production but have yet to be examined in a recurrent selection program. The objective of this experiment was to determine if direct selection for grain yield and agronomic performance in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) population has indirectly improved adaptation to high plant density. Material from an unselected base population, BSSS, was compared to the most advanced cycles of selection from three different recurrent selection programs at seven Iowa locations in 2008 and 2009. Populations were compared at densities of 38,300, 57,400, 77,500, and 95,700 plants ha(-1). Treatments were replicated twice at each location and arranged in a split plot design. Selection produced notable improvement in adaptation to high plant density for grain yield and stalk lodging. Selection did not have large impacts on density response for root lodging, test weight, or grain moisture. Because of the improvement in density response for grain yield and stalk lodging without major negative changes in other traits, our data suggest that selection has improved adaptation to high plant density in these populations. C1 [Edwards, Jode] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS,CICGRU, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS,CICGRU, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1965 EP 1972 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0563 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800009 ER PT J AU Ali, ML McClung, AM Jia, MH Kimball, JA McCouch, SR Eizenga, GC AF Ali, M. Liakat McClung, Anna M. Jia, Melissa H. Kimball, Jennifer A. McCouch, Susan R. Eizenga, Georgia C. TI A Rice Diversity Panel Evaluated for Genetic and Agro-Morphological Diversity between Subpopulations and its Geographic Distribution SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SSR MARKERS; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; GERMPLASM; CULTIVARS; JAPONICA AB A diverse collection of 409 Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions originating from 79 countries was fingerprinted with 36 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and evaluated for 18 agro-morphological traits. Genetically, the accessions clustered into five ancestral groups (subpopulations), indica, aus, aromatic (Group V), tropical japonica, and temperate japonica, based on model-based structure analysis. Thirty-three accessions with less than 60% ancestry from any single group were identified as admixtures. Canonical discriminant analysis identified eight agro-morphological traits (panicle number per plant, panicle length, plant height, flag leaf width, grain length, width, length: width ratio, and volume) as the main discriminatory characters among the rice accessions and between the subpopulations. Both SSR allele- and phenotypic trait-based analyses indicated a close relationship between aus and indica and similarly between temperate japonica and tropical japonica. The aromatic (Group V) rice represents a distinct small group that is more closely related to tropical japonica based on SSR alleles but to aus and indica based on phenotype. A strong relationship between subpopulations and geographical distribution was observed. This rice diversity panel with the accompanying genetic and phenotypic information provides a valuable foundation for association mapping, understanding the basis of both genotypic and phenotypic differences within and between subpopulations, and rice improvement programs. C1 [McClung, Anna M.; Jia, Melissa H.; Eizenga, Georgia C.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Ali, M. Liakat] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Kimball, Jennifer A.; McCouch, Susan R.] Cornell Univ, Dep Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM georgia.eizenga@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [0606461] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation-Plant Genome Project: "Exploring the Genetic Basis of Transgressive Variation in Rice" (Award # 0606461). The superb technical assistance of Teresa Hancock and Daniel Wood and the assistance of student interns T. Grant Brock, Chancellor Jackson, and Jason London with this research and supported by this grant, is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of USDA-ARS technician Quynh Grunden and USDA-ARS STEP students Robert Floyd and Ben Owens is acknowledged. Authors wish to express thanks with gratitude to Dr. Kathleen Yeater, USDA-ARS-SPA Statistician, for her guidance with the statistical analysis of the phenotypic data. Assistance from USDA-ARS personnel Lorie Bernhardt (GSOR technician), Dr. Wengui Yan (rice germplasm geneticist), and Dr. Harold Bockleman (NSGC curator) in managing the rice seed stocks is acknowledged. Validation of the seed stocks was done in collaboration with Dr. Kenneth McNally, Ma. Elizabeth Naredo, and other staff members at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. NR 80 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2021 EP 2035 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.11.0641 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800016 ER PT J AU Lopez, ANA Gonzalez, JDS Corral, JAR Larios, LD Santacruz-Ruvalcaba, F Hernandez, CVS Holland, JB AF Avendano Lopez, Adriana Natividad Sanchez Gonzalez, Jose de Jesus Ruiz Corral, Jose Ariel De La Cruz Larios, Lino Santacruz-Ruvalcaba, Fernando Sanchez Hernandez, Carla Vanessa Holland, James B. TI Seed Dormancy in Mexican Teosinte SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA GRAMINEAE; MAIZE; CLASSIFICATION; POACEAE AB Seed dormancy in wild Zea species may affect fitness and relate to ecological adaptation. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the variation in seed germination of the wild species of the genus Zea that currently grow in Mexico and to relate this variation to their ecological zones of adaptation. In addition, we compared methods to break dormancy and measured the germination responses of seeds to environment factors that are related to seasonal changes. Teosinte populations representing all the taxonomic and racial groups known in Mexico were collected during the period 2003 to 2008 in twelve states of Mexico. Seed dormancy was classified according to the rate of its loss (depth of dormancy). Results indicated that more than 90% of populations studied had some degree of seed dormancy. Nondormant populations are distributed predominantly in semicold areas, while deep and very deep seed dormancy was found in populations distributed in hot and very hot environments in well defined geographic regions of the Balsas River Basin and in San Felipe Usila, Oaxaca. Mechanical seed scarification was the best method to break dormancy. C1 [Avendano Lopez, Adriana Natividad; Sanchez Gonzalez, Jose de Jesus; De La Cruz Larios, Lino; Santacruz-Ruvalcaba, Fernando; Sanchez Hernandez, Carla Vanessa] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. [Ruiz Corral, Jose Ariel] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Guadalajara 44660, Jalisco, Mexico. [Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS,Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lopez, ANA (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. EM aavedan2010@hotmail.com OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2056 EP 2066 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0538 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800018 ER PT J AU Rouse, MN Olson, EL Gill, BS Pumphrey, MO Jin, Y AF Rouse, Matthew N. Olson, Eric L. Gill, Bikram S. Pumphrey, Michael O. Jin, Yue TI Stem Rust Resistance in Aegilops tauschii Germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; RACE TTKS; VIRULENCE; SR31; AFRICA; GENES; LINES; SR24 AB Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D genome donor of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L., has been used extensively for the transfer of agronomically important traits to wheat, including stem rust resistance genes Sr33, Sr45, and Sr46. To identify potentially new stem rust resistance genes in A. tauschii germplasm, we evaluated 456 nonduplicated accessions deposited in the USDA National Small Grains Collection (Aberdeen, ID) and the Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center collection (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS), with races TTKSK (Ug99), TRTTF, TTTTF, TPMKC, RKQQC, and QTHJC of Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn. Ninety-eight accessions (22%) were identified as resistant to race TTKSK. A broad range of resistant infection types (; to 2+) were found in reaction to race TTKSK. Resistance was significantly associated among most of the races in pairwise comparisons. However, resistance was largely race specific. Only 12 of the accessions resistant to race TTKSK were also resistant to the other five races. Results from this germplasm screening will facilitate further studies on the genetic characterization of accessions with potentially novel sources of resistance to race TTKSK. C1 [Rouse, Matthew N.; Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab,Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Olson, Eric L.; Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Pumphrey, Michael O.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab,Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Yue.Jin@ars.usda.gov RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2074 EP 2078 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0719 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800020 ER PT J AU Cardinal, AJ Burton, JW Camacho-Roger, AM Whetten, R Chappell, AS Bilyeu, KD Auclair, J Dewey, RE AF Cardinal, Andrea J. Burton, Joseph W. Camacho-Roger, Ana Maria Whetten, Rebecca Chappell, Andrew S. Bilyeu, Kristin D. Auclair, Jerome Dewey, Ralph E. TI Molecular Analysis of GmFAD3A in Two Soybean Populations Segregating for the fan, fap1, and fap(nc) Loci SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINOLENIC ACID CONTENT; SEED OIL; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; MUTANT; MUTATIONS; ALLELE; A5 AB Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have undesirable levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their oil that result in oxidative instability and poor flavor. The process of hydrogenation improves the stability but creates undesirable trans fats. Lines carrying fan genes have decreased linolenic acid (18:3) content. Changes in transcription or activity of the desaturase encoded by the GmFAD3 gene cause a reduction in 18:3 content in certain lines. The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular basis of the fan allele in PI 123440, develop molecular markers to assay for the GmFAD3 gene in lines carrying fan(PI 123440), and estimate the variation in the 18:3 explained by the GmFAD3A locus. Sequence analysis of the GmFAD3A from 'Soyola', the fan(PI 123440) allele, and 'Dare' showed no sequence polymorphisms that would alter the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. RNA blot analysis of a low-18:3 line carrying a fan(PI 123440) allele, a line with normal 18:3 content, and three of their progenies showed a decrease in steady-state FAD3A RNA levels in low-18:3 lines. A marker for GmFAD3A was tested in two populations segregating for fan(PI 123440). Lines homozygous the GmFAD3A allele inherited from PI 123440 had a significant reduction in 18:3 when compared to lines homozygous for the GmFAD3A allele from the normal 18:3 parent. The differences between the two groups explained more than 77.5% of the genetic variation in 18:3 seed-oil content in the populations. In summary, a reduction in the steady-state mRNA levels of the GmFAD3A leads to a reduction in 18:3 synthesis within the developing seed in plants containing the fan(PI 123440) allele. C1 [Cardinal, Andrea J.; Camacho-Roger, Ana Maria; Whetten, Rebecca; Auclair, Jerome; Dewey, Ralph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burton, Joseph W.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Chappell, Andrew S.; Bilyeu, Kristin D.] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Cardinal, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM andrea_cardinal@ncsu.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2104 EP 2112 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.08.0500 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800023 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Dowd, MK AF Pettigrew, William T. Dowd, Michael K. TI Varying Planting Dates or Irrigation Regimes Alters Cottonseed Composition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; WHOLE COTTONSEED; SEED PROTEIN; OIL; CULTIVAR; GOSSYPOL; NITROGEN; QUALITY AB Despite continued utilization of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.), little information exists regarding the effect of production factors on cottonseed composition. The objective of this study was to determine how irrigation regime and planting date affect cottonseed composition. Six cotton cultivars were planted early (late April) and at a normal time (late May) in a field near Stoneville, MS, from 2005 to 2008. Half of the plots were irrigated and half were cultivated dry. Seed from the 2006 through 2008 seasons were analyzed for protein, crude oil, gossypol, soluble carbohydrates, and the oil's fatty acid composition. Irrigation increased oil and total soluble carbohydrate levels by 7 and 4%, respectively, and reduced protein levels by 10%. Irrigation also increased the level of total gossypol by 21%, modestly decreased the percentage of the gossypol (+) isomer, and slightly decreased the level of saturated fatty acids in the oil. Early planting decreased gossypol in the seed kernel by 8% under dryland conditions but not under irrigated conditions. The early planting effect on the fatty acid distribution was similar to the effect observed under dryland conditions, but the differences were more modest. Early planting and irrigation offer potential for improved fiber and seed yield but with altered seed composition. Given the proper economic incentives, producers could alter some production strategies to produce seed with more valuable composition traits. C1 [Pettigrew, William T.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Dowd, Michael K.] USDA ARS, SRRC, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bill.pettigrew@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2155 EP 2164 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.02.0085 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800029 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Crafts-Brandner, SJ AF Dierig, David A. Crafts-Brandner, Steven J. TI The Relationship of Temperature to Plant Morphology of Lesquerella SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYSARIA BRASSICACEAE; GERMPLASM; RESPONSES; CANOLA; WINTER; OILS AB There is a lack of information regarding the impact of temperature on yield-related traits for lesquerella [Physaria fendleri (Gray)], a new crop with potential as a biofuel or bioproduct because of the high content of seed hydroxyl fatty acids. Here we determined the effect of four temperature regimes on plant branching, dry matter production, and reproductive growth in two controlled-environment experiments. The night/day temperature treatments were (1) 4.4/12.8 degrees C, (2) 12.8/21.1 degrees C, (3) 21.1/29.4 degrees C, and (4) 29.4/37.8 degrees C. Plant branch number, biomass, and reproductive development were greatly suppressed by the coolest and warmest temperature treatments. Biomass and branch production were similar for Treatments 2 and 3, but reproductive development and was increased in Treatment 2. Treatment 2 led to more branches with reproductive structures and more buds and flowers than Treatment 3. Plants moved from the coolest treatment (1) to Treatment 2 temperature at 45 days after planting exhibited accelerated branching and production of dry matter, buds, and flowers, whereas transfer from Treatment 1 to Treatment 3 led to enhanced silique production. These results suggest that moving from a cold to a warmer temperature enhanced both biomass production and reproductive development. In addition to documenting the temperature impact on growth and reproductive development of lesquerella, the results provide evidence pertinent to defining growing regions suitable for cultivation of this new crop. C1 [Dierig, David A.; Crafts-Brandner, Steven J.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM David.Dierig@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2165 EP 2173 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.01.0007 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800030 ER PT J AU Interrante, SM Muir, JP Islam, MA Maas, AL Anderson, WF Butler, TJ AF Interrante, Sindy M. Muir, James P. Islam, M. Anowarul Maas, Andrea L. Anderson, William F. Butler, Twain J. TI Establishment, Agronomic Characteristics, and Dry Matter Yield of Rhizoma Peanut Genotypes in Cool Environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL PEANUT; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; GROWTH ANALYSIS; PLANTING DATE; REGISTRATION; ADAPTATION; EMERGENCE AB Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) has potential to provide high quality forage during summer months; however, establishment of the stand is slow and cold tolerance is limited. During the three growing seasons from 2006 to 2010, a randomized complete block design experiment was initiated at four locations, near Tifton, GA (2006, 2007, and 2008), Gene Autry, OK (2006), Burneyville, OK (2007 and 2008), and Vashti, TX (2007 and 2008), evaluating 16 rhizoma peanut genotypes for better establishment characteristics and cold tolerance. At the end of the establishment year, genotype A6 (PI 210555) had the greatest coverage (74%), followed by genotypes A156 and A160 (51 and 56%, respectively), while genotypes A10 and A42 had the least coverage (9 and 13%, respectively). The remaining genotypes were intermediate and generally did not differ from the released cultivars Florigraze, Arbrook, and Latitude 34, which had 25, 25, and 30% coverage, respectively. In the second season after establishment, genotypes Latitude 34 and A160 produced the greatest yields (1000 and 1360 kg ha(-1), respectively). In the third season after establishment, Latitude 34 (3630 kg ha(-1)) outyielded all genotypes except A156 and A160 (2610 and 2260 kg ha(-1), respectively). Therefore genotypes A160 and Latitude 34 consistently had the greatest coverage and production and may have greater cold tolerance. However, in the final year (2010), there were no genotypes that survived the winter. C1 [Interrante, Sindy M.; Butler, Twain J.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Muir, James P.] Texas AgriLife Res, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. [Islam, M. Anowarul] Univ Wyoming, Dep Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Maas, Andrea L.] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. [Anderson, William F.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Butler, TJ (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM tjbutler@noble.org OI Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2256 EP 2261 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0133 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800042 ER PT J AU Burns, JC AF Burns, J. C. TI Intake and Digestibility among Caucasian Bluestem, Big Bluestem, and Switchgrass Compared with Bermudagrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER INTAKE; FORAGE QUALITY; INGESTIVE MASTICATION; GRASSES; PERFORMANCE; RUMINANTS; MATURITY; DIGESTA; GROWTH; CATTLE AB Warm-season perennial grasses, mainly bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], have been a major source of hay for ruminant systems across the upper southern United States. This study compares the quality of Caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasica (Trin.) C.E. Hubbard 'Caucasian'] (CBS) with 'Kanlow' switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) (SG), and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) (BBS), relative to 'Coastal' and 'Tifton 44' bermudagrasses, as forages for the upper south. Four intake and digestion experiments, with associated diet characteristics, were conducted using steers. In experiment (Exp.) 1, CBS regrowth (45 d) compared with initial growth had greater (P = 0.01) daily dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) [2.33 vs. 1.91 kg 100(-1) kg body weight (BW)] and apparent DM digestibility (DMD) (664 vs. 617 g kg(-1)). Initial growth bermudagrass had greater (P < 0.01) DMI than CBS (2.61 vs. 1.91 kg 100 kg(-1) BW) and similar DMD (mean = 619 g kg(-1)). In Exp. 2, initial and regrowth (45 d) CBS, compared with SG, had greater (P < 0.01) DMI (2.06 vs. 1.23 kg 100(-1) kg BW). In Exp. 3, regrowth CBS and BBS had similar DMI (mean = 1.83 kg 100(-1) kg BW) and DMD (mean = 637 g kg(-1)). In Exp. 4, initial and regrowth (53 d) CBS and regrowth (57 d) BBS had similar DMI (mean = 2.29 kg 100(-1) kg BW), but CBS had greater (P = 0.01) DMD (602 vs. 566 g kg(-1)). The DMI and DMD of all hays in all experiments (n = 15) were correlated (r = 0.66, P < 0.01). In general all hays can contribute to ruminant production systems. C1 [Burns, J. C.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina Agr Res Serv ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2262 EP 2275 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.01.0050 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800043 ER PT J AU Brink, GE Soder, KJ AF Brink, Geoffrey E. Soder, Kathy J. TI Relationship between Herbage Intake and Sward Structure of Grazed Temperate Grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; SHORT-TERM INTAKE; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; PERENNIAL GRASSES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; CANOPY STRUCTURE; BITE DIMENSIONS; TALL FESCUE; PASTURE AB Temperate grasses differ in sward structure, which may influence herbage intake of grazing cattle. We compared herbage intake of meadow fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.], orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould], and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) grazed by dairy heifers, and determined its relationship with sward structure. Grasses were grazed at vegetative stage for 24 h over 5-d periods in the spring, summer, and fall of 2 yr. Forage dry matter (DM) allowance was a minimum of two times expected daily intake (11 kg animal(-1) d(-1)). Sward characteristics were measured before grazing (height, mass, vertical distribution of leaf and stem bulk density and nutritive value). Herbage DM intake was estimated daily (pregraze minus postgraze herbage mass). Despite species differences in pregraze sward height (range of 29-49 cm across seasons), herbage mass (range of 1480-2540 kg DM ha(-1)), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (range of 713-843 g kg(-1) NDF), no differences in leaf bulk density and herbage intake were found among grasses during four of six grazing seasons. Herbage intake differences during two seasons were related to either sward leaf bulk density (r = 0.79) or stem bulk density (r = -0.84), and the associated changes in leaf and stem mass of the canopy layers grazed by cattle, indicating that these sward characteristics were the primary determinants of grazed herbage intake in vegetative meadow fescue, orchardgrass, quackgrass, and reed canarygrass. C1 [Brink, Geoffrey E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Soder, Kathy J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Brink, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM geoffrey.brink@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2289 EP 2298 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.10.0600 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 801XL UT WOS:000293473800046 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ Fedorova, ND Montalbano, BG Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Bennett, JW Nierman, WC AF Yu, Jiujiang Fedorova, Natalie D. Montalbano, Beverly G. Bhatnagar, Deepak Cleveland, Thomas E. Bennett, Joan W. Nierman, William C. TI Tight control of mycotoxin biosynthesis gene expression in Aspergillus flavus by temperature as revealed by RNA-Seq SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mycotoxins; aflatoxin; gene cluster; Aspergillus; transcriptional regulation ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PARASITICUS; CLUSTER; SEQUENCE; ACID AB To better understand the effect of temperature on mycotoxin biosynthesis, RNA-Seq technology was used to profile the Aspergillus flavus transcriptome under different temperature conditions. This approach allowed us to quantify transcript abundance for over 80% of fungal genes including 1153 genes that were differentially expressed at 30 and 37 degrees C. Eleven of the 55 secondary metabolite clusters were upregulated at the lower temperature, including aflatoxin biosynthesis genes, which were among the most highly upexpressed genes. On average, transcript abundance for the 30 aflatoxin biosynthesis genes was 3300 times greater at 30 degrees C as compared with 37 degrees C. The results are consistent with the view that high temperature negatively affects aflatoxin production by turning down transcription of the two key transcriptional regulators, aflR and aflS. Subtle changes in the expression levels of aflS to aflR appear to control transcription activation of the aflatoxin cluster. C1 [Yu, Jiujiang; Montalbano, Beverly G.; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bennett, Joan W.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Fedorova, Natalie D.; Nierman, William C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Nierman, William C.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jiujiang.yu@ars.usda.gov RI Abrams, Natalie/F-4845-2011 OI Abrams, Natalie/0000-0001-9698-2819 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 322 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02345.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 806GB UT WOS:000293793200007 PM 21707733 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Burner, DM Ruckle, JM AF Belesky, D. P. Burner, D. M. Ruckle, J. M. TI Tiller production in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growing along a light gradient SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE non-structural carbohydrates; shade; orchard grass; tall fescue ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN REGION; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; EASTERN USA; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; HERBAGE; GROWTH; SHADE; PLANTS; ALLOCATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Pasture managers seek to balance leaf appearance with utilization to sustain sward productivity while meeting livestock nutritional needs. Achieving this in silvopasture must account for the influence of light and defoliation on tillering. We determined tiller production, as a function of light availability and clipping height, for two forage grasses adapted to cool, humid temperate conditions of the Appalachian region of the USA. Tiller production of cocksfoot (orchard grass) (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was greatest in unshaded and least in shaded sites, irrespective of residual clipping height. Juvenile plants produced more than twice as many tillers as mature plants, with differences accentuated by site, reflecting a shift in reproductive and resource-use strategies. Trends in tiller production were as follows: cocksfoot > tall fescue; 10-cm > 5-cm residual clipping height; and unshaded > partially shaded > densely shaded sites. Tiller production reaches maximum earlier in the woodlot site, regardless of species or clipping height, than at the unshaded site. Plants at the wooded site extended leaves quickly, sustaining herbage production, but had less non-structural carbohydrate and fewer tillers. Cocksfoot, but not tall fescue, sustained leaf and tiller production in the shaded sites, suggesting that cocksfoot is suited for use in silvopasture in this region. C1 [Belesky, D. P.; Ruckle, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Burner, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00796.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 802LG UT WOS:000293512000007 ER PT J AU Read, JJ Brink, GE McLaughlin, MR Sistani, KR AF Read, J. J. Brink, G. E. McLaughlin, M. R. Sistani, K. R. TI Nitrogen and winter cover crop effects on spring and summer nutrient uptake SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE annual ryegrass; bermudagrass; berseem clover; cereal rye; fertilization; manure; nitrogen ID COOL-SEASON ANNUALS; SWINE EFFLUENT; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; AMMONIA; GRASSES; OXIDE AB Overseeded winter annuals in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] improve annual dry-matter (DM) yield and capture nutrients in fields receiving manure application. This study determined the DM and nutrient uptake responses of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and bermudagrass-winter fallow to 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha(-1) applied approximately 2 months before a single spring harvest, and in addition to swine-effluent N (258 and 533 kg ha(-1) in summer 2000 and 2001, respectively). Under drought conditions in 2000, DM yield at the spring harvest was highest in ryegrass, and summer DM yield of bermudagrass was greater at 100 and 150 kg N ha(-1) than 50 kg N ha(-1) (P < 0.05). The concentration and uptake of N at the spring harvest increased linearly across N rates in both years (P < 0.05). Cover crops differed in N uptake in 2000 (P < 0.01) and values ranged from approximately 141 kg N ha(-1) in berseem clover to 86 kg N ha(-1) in rye. Per unit of N applied, uptake of N increased by approximately 0 409 kg ha(-1) in 2000 and 0 267 kg ha(-1) in 2001; uptake of P increased by 0.029 and 0.014 kg ha(-1) respectively. In 2000, uptake of P was responsive to N rate and this relationship was significant (P < 0.01) in winter fallow (slope = 0.032) and ryegrass (slope = 0.057). Increased uptake of N and P at the single spring harvest was due mainly to higher concentrations in herbage and not higher DM yield. C1 [Read, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Brink, G. E.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Sistani, K. R.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Read, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM john.read@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00792.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 802LG UT WOS:000293512000008 ER PT J AU Pirhofer-Walzl, K Soegaard, K Hogh-Jensen, H Eriksen, J Sanderson, MA Rasmussen, J Rasmussen, J AF Pirhofer-Walzl, K. Soegaard, K. Hogh-Jensen, H. Eriksen, J. Sanderson, M. A. Rasmussen, J. Rasmussen, J. TI Forage herbs improve mineral composition of grassland herbage SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbs; forage quality; dairy cows; functional plant groups; grass-clover swards; slurry ID MANAGEMENT; PASTURES; CHICORY; MG; NA; CA; COMPETITION; POTASSIUM; NITROGEN; QUALITY AB Provision of an adequate mineral supply in the diets of ruminants fed mainly on grassland herbage can present a challenge if mineral concentrations are suboptimal for animal nutrition. Forage herbs may be included in grassland seed mixtures to improve herbage mineral content, although there is limited information about mineral concentrations in forage herbs. To determine whether herbs have greater macro-and micromineral concentrations than forage legumes and grasses, we conducted a 2-year experiment on a loamy-sand site in Denmark sown with a multi-species mixture comprised of three functional groups (grasses, legumes and herbs). Herb species included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), caraway (Carum carvi L.) and salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor L.). We also investigated the effect of slurry application on the macro-and micromineral concentration of grasses, legumes and herbs. In general, herbs had greater concentrations of the macrominerals P, Mg, K and S and the microminerals Zn and B than grasses and legumes. Slurry application indirectly decreased Ca, S, Cu and B concentrations of total herbage because of an increase in the proportion of mineral-poor grasses. Our study indicates that including herbs in forage mixtures is an effective way of increasing mineral concentrations in herbage. C1 [Pirhofer-Walzl, K.; Rasmussen, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr & Ecol, Fac Life Sci, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. [Soegaard, K.; Eriksen, J.; Rasmussen, J.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Agroecol & Environm, Fac Agr Sci, Tjele, Denmark. [Hogh-Jensen, H.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Policy Anal, Roskilde, Denmark. [Sanderson, M. A.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND USA. RP Pirhofer-Walzl, K (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr & Ecol, Fac Life Sci, Hojbakkegaard Alle 9, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. EM kpw@life.ku.dk RI Jensen, Henning/C-7602-2009; Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin/G-2040-2012; Rasmussen, Jesper/G-3634-2014; Rasmussen, Jim/H-4645-2014; Eriksen, Jorgen/E-9730-2016 OI Jensen, Henning/0000-0003-2978-6134; Rasmussen, Jesper/0000-0002-7496-983X; Rasmussen, Jim/0000-0001-8127-0552; Eriksen, Jorgen/0000-0002-4622-7660 FU International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems (ICROFS) FX We thank Bente Broeng and Britta Garly Henriksen for helping with the mineral analysis and workers from the Research Farm Foulumgaard for practical support. We are indebted to the International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems (ICROFS), who sponsored this research project. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00799.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 802LG UT WOS:000293512000011 ER PT J AU Foster, JG Cassida, KA Sanderson, MA AF Foster, J. G. Cassida, K. A. Sanderson, M. A. TI Seasonal variation in sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cultivars SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemical composition; forages; harvest date; forbs; chicory; sesquiterpene lactones ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; TELADORSAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA; BIOACTIVE FORAGES; LAMBS; LARVAE; PLANT; CONSEQUENCES; PERFORMANCE; PARASITES; LETTUCE AB Palatability and anthelmintic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) forage are influenced by the sesquiterpene lactones lactucin (LAC), 8-deoxylactucin (DOL) and lactucopicrin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition vary during the growing season. Three forage chicory cultivars (Puna, Forage Feast and Lacerta) grown in West Virginia and Pennsylvania (USA) were managed during two consecutive years to maintain plants in the vegetative stage, and sesquiterpene lactones in leaves were quantified after each growth interval. Cultivars differed in the total concentration of sesquiterpene lactones and in the proportions of LAC and DOL. Total sesquiterpene lactone concentration generally decreased or remained constant during the season, but the specific response depended on the cultivar. Differences in seasonal patterns between years corresponded with unusual climatic conditions. The three cultivars had similar concentrations of DOL in the spring. Forage Feast provided a dramatically lower concentration of DOL during the summer. Uniformly high concentrations of DOL across the growing season in Puna and Lacerta make these cultivars attractive for use in bioactive pastures for control of Haemonchus contortus. Changes in both sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition during the season result in large variations in forage bitterness. C1 [Foster, J. G.; Cassida, K. A.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Sanderson, M. A.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Foster, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Joyce.Foster@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX We gratefully acknowledge Robert Stout and John Everhart for their help in establishing, maintaining and harvesting plots in Pennsylvania; Edward Lester and Sean Green for establishment and maintenance of field plots in WV; David Bligh and Jared Robertson for their assistance in sample collection in WV and for chemical and statistical analyses, and Barry Harter for collection of weather data. Sesquiterpene lactone standards were kindly provided by Mark Henry Bennett, Wye College, University of London, Ashford, Kent, UK (lactucin and lactucopicrin) and Toshio Miyase, University of Shizaoka, Shizaoka, Japan (8-deoxylactucin). The research was funded by the USDA-ARS. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is for information only and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00801.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 802LG UT WOS:000293512000012 ER PT J AU Kagan, IA Kirch, BH Strickland, JR AF Kagan, I. A. Kirch, B. H. Strickland, J. R. TI A chromatographic survey of methods for extracting long-chain grass fructans SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fructan; extraction; high-performance liquid chromatography; pulsed amperometric detection; Dactylis glomerata; Phleum pratense; Poa pratensis; Festuca arundinacea ID PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; EQUINE LAMINITIS; LEAF TISSUES; CARBOHYDRATE; OLIGOMERS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; POLYMERIZATION; TIMOTHY; LEAVES AB To optimize yields of long-chain fructans extracted from herbage, fructan concentrations and chromatographic profiles were compared in four cool-season grasses extracted by different methods. In a preliminary study, extraction temperatures, pH prior to extract concentration, numbers of extractions, and tissue coarseness were varied to evaluate their effects on chromatographic profiles and quantities of total long-chain fructan (degree of polymerization (DP) of similar to 7 or higher). Fructans were separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). The identity of the putative fructan peaks was confirmed by acid hydrolysis of fructans to fructose. Tall fescue and bluegrass fructans were below the detection limits used in this study. Pooled timothy and cocksfoot data indicated that two or three extractions at the same temperature yielded similar amounts of fructans and that adjusting pH from 6 to 7 did not affect recovery. Replicated extractions of cocksfoot by four methods chosen from the preliminary study demonstrated that the least fructan was extracted from chopped cocksfoot at ambient temperature (P = 0.019). One C(18) solid-phase extraction cleanup step sufficed for analysis. The extraction method recommended is two boiling water extractions of either chopped or ground material. However, ground material extracted at ambient temperature is comparable in total fructan concentration and maximum DP. C1 [Kagan, I. A.; Kirch, B. H.; Strickland, J. R.] ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Kagan, IA (reprint author), ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM isabelle.kagan@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture FX We thank Dr Phil Harrison (USDA-ARS-FRRL, Logan, UT, USA) for providing purified fructan from Poa secunda and Dactylis glomerata, Dr. Kelly Brown (USDA-ARS-FAPRU) for protein assays and Edwena Miles (USDA-ARS-FAPRU) for help with extractions. This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 66 IS 3 BP 434 EP 448 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00791.x PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 802LG UT WOS:000293512000013 ER PT J AU Renzaho, AMN Kumanyika, S Tucker, KL AF Renzaho, A. M. N. Kumanyika, S. Tucker, K. L. TI Family functioning, parental psychological distress, child behavioural problems, socio-economic disadvantage and fruit and vegetable consumption among 4-12 year-old Victorians, Australia SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fruit and vegetable consumption; psychological distress; family functioning; prosocial behaviours ID BOYD-ORR COHORT; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY PATTERNS; FOOD INSECURITY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; STRENGTHS; DISEASE; HEALTH AB The aim of this analysis was to assess relationships between family functioning, parental psychological distress, child behaviour difficulties and fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among 4-12-year-old children in Victoria, Australia. We used the 2006 Victorian Child's Health and wellbeing data set that included 3370 randomly selected primary caregivers of 4-12-year-old children interviewed between October 2005 and March 2006. Behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; level of family functioning was measured using the McMaster Family Assessment Device-General Functioning Scale and parental psychological distress was measured using the Kessler-6 scale. The mean number of servings consumed per day was 2.2 (95% CI: 2.1, 2.3) for fruit and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.9, 2.1) for vegetables. The proportion of children meeting the minimum daily age-specific recommendation was 87.8% (95% CI: 86.4, 89.1%) for fruit and 36.5% (95% CI: 34.5, 38.5) for vegetables. Children with behaviour difficulties, low levels of prosocial behaviours and from poorly functioning households consumed fewer servings of F&V than children who did not experience any environment stressors or behavioural problems. Although parental psychological distress was not associated with fruit intake, daughters of parents who reported higher levels of psychological distress consumed fewer servings of vegetables than daughters of parents who reported lower levels of psychological distress. Child behavioural problems and family functioning and to some extent parental psychological distress were associated with F&V consumption. Programmes aimed at promoting F&V consumption in children should target those families with children experiencing behavioural problems or poorly functioning households C1 [Renzaho, A. M. N.] Deakin Univ, WHO Collaborating Ctr Obes Prevent, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Kumanyika, S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tucker, K. L.] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tucker, K. L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Renzaho, AMN (reprint author), Deakin Univ, WHO Collaborating Ctr Obes Prevent, 221 Burwood High Way, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. EM andre.renzaho@deakin.edu.au OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.1093/heapro/daq054 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 807NF UT WOS:000293904800002 PM 20713413 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI Identification and quantification of a major anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compound found in basil, lemon thyme, mint, oregano, rosemary, sage, and thyme SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compound ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ROSMARINIC ACID; REACTIVE OXYGEN; L.; INFLAMMATION; EXPRESSION; CHEMISTRY; LAMIACEAE; EXTRACT AB Major phenolic compounds from basil, lemon thyme, mint, oregano, rosemary, sage, and thyme were investigated using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling technique in combination with DPPH-radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase assays. For the present study, 15 plant-derived phenolic compounds (gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic, chlorogenic, rosmarinic, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids, protocatechualdehyde, vanillin, N-coumaroyltyramine, N-caffeoyltyramine, N-feruloyltyramine, and N-sinapoyltyramine) were selected and their DPPH-radical scavenging activities were first determined. Then, a standard HPLC profiling of these phenolics was constructed using an HPLC method to isolate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds from MeOH extracts of the plants. Rosmarinic acid was identified as a major anti-oxidant compound (0.22--0.97%) in all seven herbs, confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Rosmarinic acid from the plants quenched superoxide radicals from xanthine oxidase and inhibited cyclooxygenase I and II enzymes. In this study, the rosmarinic acid content of perilla was also determined and compared with those of the seven herbs.= 0.14), tenderness (Warner-Bratzler shear force; P >= 0.24), or sensory attributes (P >= 0.40) except for a slight off-flavor detected in steaks from steers fed FLX compared with CONT (7.4 vs. 7.8, respectively, with 8 indicating no off-flavor and 1 indicating extreme off-flavor; P = 0.07) and CSBM (7.9; P = 0.01). The n-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were 62 and 22% greater, respectively, in beef from steers fed FLX compared with those fed CONT (P < 0.001). The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was smaller (P < 0.001) in beef from steers fed FLX compared with the ratios in beef from steers fed CONT and CSBM. Daily supplementation of flaxseed to steers grazing growing vegetation on the northern Great Plains may improve growth rate and enhance the n-3 fatty acid profile of the steaks. C1 [Kronberg, S. L.; Scholljegerdes, E. J.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Lepper, A. N.; Berg, E. P.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM scott.kronberg@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 89 IS 9 BP 2892 EP 2903 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4058 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 807JL UT WOS:000293893000025 PM 21478446 ER PT J AU Mulliniks, JT Kemp, ME Cox, SH Hawkins, DE Cibils, AF VanLeeuwen, DM Petersen, MK AF Mulliniks, J. T. Kemp, M. E. Cox, S. H. Hawkins, D. E. Cibils, A. F. VanLeeuwen, D. M. Petersen, M. K. TI The effect of increasing amount of glucogenic precursors on reproductive performance in young postpartum range cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; glucogenic precursor; protein supplementation; reproduction ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; DAIRY-COWS; METABOLIZABLE PROTEIN; BINDING-PROTEINS; ENERGY-BALANCE; BEEF HEIFERS; INSULIN; CATTLE; RUMINANTS; NUTRITION AB Supplementing CP and propionate salts (PS) may improve economic returns in young range beef cows by increasing the dietary supply of glucogenic precursors. A 3-yr study conducted at Corona Range and Livestock Research Center (Corona, NM) from February to mid-July in 2005 (n = 80), 2006 (n = 81), and 2007 (n = 80) evaluated days to first estrus, calf weaning weight, BW change, and metabolic responses in 2-and 3-yr-old postpartum cows grazing native range. Cows were individually fed one of three 36% CP supplement treatments after parturition, with increasing glucogenic potential (GP) supplied by RUP and PS. Supplements were isoenergetic and fed at a rate of 908 g/cow per day twice weekly. Supplementation was initiated 7 d after calving and continued for an average of 95 d. Supplement treatments provided 1) 328 g of CP, 110 g of RUP and 0 g of PS (PS0); 2) 328 g of CP, 157 g of RUP, and 40 g of PS (PS40); or 3) 329 g of CP, 158 g of RUP, and 80 g of PS (PS80). Ultimately, PS0, PS40, and PS80 provided 44, 93, and 124 g of GP, respectively. Body weight was recorded weekly and serum was collected twice weekly for progesterone analysis to estimate days to first estrus. Cows were exposed to bulls for 60 d or less beginning in mid-May. Days to first estrus exhibited a quadratic (P = 0.06) response to GP resulting from the fewest days to first estrus with the consumption of PS40. Pregnancy rates were 88, 96, and 94% for cows fed PS0, PS40, and PS80, respectively (P = 0.11). Total kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed to bulls for the supplementation and following year increased quadratically (P = 0.09). However, supplement did not affect milk composition or yield (P >= 0.53). Serum acetate half-life decreased linearly (P = 0.08) with increasing GP in 2007. Predicted margins were the greatest (quadratic; P = 0.03) for cows fed PS40. Even though supplement costs were greater for PS40 and PS80, cows fed PS40 had increased profits ($33.47/cow) compared with cows fed PS0 and PS80. This study implies that young postpartum cows fed additional glucogenic precursors may have improved reproductive efficiency and may wean more calf weight per cow exposed to breeding. C1 [Petersen, M. K.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Mulliniks, J. T.; Kemp, M. E.; Cox, S. H.; Cibils, A. F.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hawkins, D. E.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [VanLeeuwen, D. M.] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Biometr Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Petersen, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mark.petersen@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 89 IS 9 BP 2932 EP 2943 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3198 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 807JL UT WOS:000293893000029 PM 21498654 ER PT J AU Foote, AP Harmon, DL Strickland, JR Bush, LP Klotz, JL AF Foote, A. P. Harmon, D. L. Strickland, J. R. Bush, L. P. Klotz, J. L. TI Effect of ergot alkaloids on contractility of bovine right ruminal artery and vein SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; ergot alkaloid; fescue toxicosis; ruminal artery and vein; vasoconstriction ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; CAUDAL ARTERY; BEEF HEIFERS; ERGOVALINE; BIOASSAY; VASOCONSTRICTION; RESPONSES; INVITRO; CATTLE; GRASS AB Ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) associated with tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) are implicated in the clinical signs of fescue toxicosis. These compounds were hypothesized to correspondingly affect foregut vasculature. The objective of this study was to determine vasoconstrictive potentials of ergovaline, ergotamine, ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergonovine, ergocornine, and lysergic acid on right ruminal artery and vein. Segments of right ruminal artery and vein were collected from the ventral coronary groove of predominantly Angus heifers (n = 10) shortly after slaughter and placed in a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer on ice. Vessels were cleaned of excess connective tissue and fat, sliced into 2- to 3-mm segments, and suspended in a multi-myograph chamber with 5 mL of continuously oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer (95%O(2)/5% CO(2); pH 7.4; 37 degrees C). Arteries and veins were equilibrated to 1.0 and 0.5 g, respectively, for 90 min followed by the reference addition of 120 mM KCl. Increasing concentrations of each alkaloid were added to the respective chamber every 15 min after buffer replacement. Data were normalized as a percentage of the contractile response induced by KCl. Alkaloid (P < 0.0001), concentration (P < 0.0001), and vessel type (artery or vein; P = 0.004) affected contractility. No arterial response was observed until 10(-6) M for ergovaline and ergotamine; 10(-5) M for ergocryptine, ergocornine, and ergonovine; and 10(-4) M for ergocristine. Lysergic acid did not induce a contractile response in the ruminal artery. No venous contractile response was observed until concentrations of 10(-6) M for ergovaline, 10(-5) M for ergotamine, and 10(-4) M for ergocryptine and ergocristine were achieved. Lysergic acid, ergonovine, and ergocornine did not induce a contractile response in the ruminal vein. A greater arterial maximal response was observed for ergovaline (P < 0.0001), whereas the arterial and venous responses were not different for ergotamine (P = 0.16), ergocryptine (P = 0.218), and ergocristine (P = 0.425). These results indicate that ergot alkaloids associated with toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue are vasoactive and can potentially alter arterial blood supply and venous drainage from the bovine foregut. C1 [Strickland, J. R.; Klotz, J. L.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Foote, A. P.; Harmon, D. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Klotz, JL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM james.klotz@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 89 IS 9 BP 2944 EP 2949 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3626 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 807JL UT WOS:000293893000030 PM 21512122 ER PT J AU Forcey, GM Thogmartin, WE Linz, GM Bleier, WJ McKann, PC AF Forcey, Greg M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Linz, George M. Bleier, William J. McKann, Patrick C. TI Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abundance maps; Bayesian; Breeding Bird Survey; climate; ducks; hierarchical models; land use; Prairie Pothole Region; USA; waterbirds ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; CERULEAN WARBLERS; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ABUNDANCE; LANDSCAPE AB Aim We examined the influences of regional climate and land-use variables on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), blue-winged teal (Anas discors), ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) and pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) abundances to inform conservation planning in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States. Location The US portion of Bird Conservation Region 11 (US-BCR11, the Prairie Potholes), which encompasses six states within the United States: Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota and Iowa. Methods We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS), the National Land Cover Data Set, and the National Climatic Data Center to model the effects of environmental variables on waterbird abundance. We evaluated land-use covariates at three logarithmically related spatial scales (1000, 10,000 and 100,000 ha), and constructed hierarchical spatial count models a priori using information from published habitat associations. Model fitting was performed using a hierarchical modelling approach within a Bayesian framework. Results Models with the same variables expressed at different scales were often in the best model subset, indicating that the influence of spatial scale was small. Both land-use and climate variables contributed strongly to predicting waterbird abundance in US-BCR11. The strongest positive influences on waterbird abundance were the percentage of wetland area across all three spatial scales, herbaceous vegetation and precipitation variables. Other variables that we included in our models did not appear to influence waterbirds in this study. Main conclusions Understanding the relationships of waterbird abundance to climate and land use may allow us to make predictions of future distribution and abundance as environmental factors change. Additionally, results from this study can suggest locations where conservation and management efforts should be focused. C1 [Forcey, Greg M.; Bleier, William J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; McKann, Patrick C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Linz, George M.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Forcey, GM (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 102 NE 10th Ave,1st Floor, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM research@gregforcey.com RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU National Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services; Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School at North Dakota State University FX We thank M. Biondini, G. Clambey and G. Nuechterlein for their contributions and advice on this study. D. Anderson, D. Granfors, R. Johnson, N. Niemuth and J. Sauer provided suggestions on the data analyses for this project. We also thank E. O'Neal for providing ARCGIS plug-ins to simplify the spatial analyses of climate and land-use data. We are grateful to the thousands of volunteers who annually conduct breeding bird survey counts. This project was funded by the National Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. G. Linz was the Study Director. Financial support was also provided by the Department of Biological Sciences and the Graduate School at North Dakota State University. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1694 EP 1707 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02510.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 807NS UT WOS:000293906600006 ER PT J AU Tomasula, PM Mukhopadhyay, S Datta, N Porto-Fett, A Call, JE Luchansky, JB Renye, J Tunick, M AF Tomasula, P. M. Mukhopadhyay, S. Datta, N. Porto-Fett, A. Call, J. E. Luchansky, J. B. Renye, J. Tunick, M. TI Pilot-scale crossflow-microfiltration and pasteurization to remove spores of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) from milk SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microfiltration; ceramic membrane; spore removal; Bacillus anthracis ID OF-THE-ART; DAIRY-INDUSTRY; SKIM MILK; DEPOSITION; INACTIVATION; MANUFACTURE; PERFORMANCE; GERMINATION; TRANSITION; FILTRATION AB High-temperature, short-time pasteurization of milk is ineffective against spore-forming bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis (BA), but is lethal to its vegetative cells. Crossflow microfiltration (MF) using ceramic membranes with a pore size of 1.4 mu m has been shown to reject most microorganisms from skim milk; and, in combination with pasteurization, has been shown to extend its shelf life. The objectives of this study were to evaluate MF for its efficiency in removing spores of the attenuated Sterne strain of BA from milk; to evaluate the combined efficiency of MF using a 0.8-mu m ceramic membrane, followed by pasteurization (72 degrees C, 18.6 s); and to monitor any residual BA in the permeates when stored at temperatures of 4, 10, and 25 degrees C for up to 28 d. In each trial, 95 L of raw skim milk was inoculated with about 6.5 log(10) BA spores/mL of milk. It was then microfiltered in total recycle mode at 50 degrees C using ceramic membranes with pore sizes of either 0.8 mu m or 1.4 mu m, at crossflow velocity of 6.2 m/s and transmembrane pressure of 127.6 kPa, conditions selected to exploit the selectivity of the membrane. Microfiltration using the 0.8-mu m membrane removed 5.91 +/- 0.05 log(10) BA spores/rnL of milk and the 1.4-mu m membrane removed 4.50 +/- 0.35 log(10) BA spores/mL of milk. The 0.8-mu m membrane showed efficient removal of the native microflora and both membranes showed near complete transmission of the casein proteins. Spore germination was evident in the permeates obtained at 10, 30, and 120 min of MF time (0.8-mu m membrane) but when stored at 4 or 10 degrees C, spore levels were decreased to below detection levels (<= 0.3 log(10) spores/mL) by d 7 or 3 of storage, respectively. Permeates stored at 25 degrees C showed coagulation and were not evaluated further. Pasteurization of the permeate samples immediately after MF resulted in additional spore germination that was related to the length of MF time. Pasteurized permeates obtained at 10 min of MF and stored at 4 or 10 degrees C showed no growth of BA. by d 7 and 3, respectively. Pasteurization of permeates obtained at 30 and 120 min of MF resulted in spore germination of up to 2.42 log(10) BA spores/mL. Spore levels decreased over the length of the storage period at 4 or 10 degrees C for the samples obtained at 30 min of MF but not for the samples obtained at 120 min of MF. This study confirms that MF using a 0.8-mu m membrane before high-temperature, short-time pasteurization may improve the safety and quality of the fluid milk supply; however, the duration of MF should be limited to prevent spore germination following pasteurization. C1 [Tomasula, P. M.; Renye, J.; Tunick, M.] ARS, USDA, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, S.] ARS, USDA, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Datta, N.] Victoria Univ, Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. [Porto-Fett, A.; Call, J. E.; Luchansky, J. B.] ARS, USDA, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tomasula, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM peggy.tomasula@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 9 BP 4277 EP 4291 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3879 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 809VU UT WOS:000294085600004 PM 21854901 ER PT J AU Olson, DW Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Tomasula, PM Molina-Corral, FJ Gardea, AA AF Olson, D. W. Van Hekken, D. L. Tunick, M. H. Tomasula, P. M. Molina-Corral, F. J. Gardea, A. A. TI Mexican Queso Chihuahua: Functional properties of aging cheese SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hispanic-style cheese; functional properties; Queso Chihuahua ID MOZZARELLA CHEESE; CHEDDAR CHEESE; MILK; PASTEURIZATION; PROFILES; RHEOLOGY; COLOR AB Queso Chihuahua, a semi-hard cheese manufactured from raw milk (RM) in northern Mexico, is being replaced by pasteurized milk (PM) versions because of food safety concerns and the desire for longer shelf life. In this study, the functional traits of authentic Mexican Queso Chihuahua made from RM or PM were characterized to identify sources of variation and to determine if pasteurization of the cheese milk resulted in changes to the functional properties. Two brands of RM cheese and 2 brands of PM cheese obtained in 3 seasons of the year from 4 manufacturers in Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed after 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk of storage at 4 degrees C. A color measurement spectrophotometer was used to collect color data before and after heating at 232 degrees C for 5 min or 130 degrees C for 75 min. Meltability was measured using the Schreiber Melt Test on samples heated to 232 degrees C for 5 min. Sliceability (the force required to cut through a sample) was measured using a texture analyzer fitted with a wire cutter attachment. Proteolysis was tracked using sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. Compared with PM cheeses, RM cheeses showed less browning upon heating, melted more at 232 degrees C, and initially required a greater cutting force. With aging, cheeses increased in meltability, decreased in whiteness when measured before heating, and required less cutting force to slice. Seasonal variations in the cheesemilk had minimal or no effect on the functional properties. The differences in the functional properties can be attributed, in part, to the mixed microflora present in the RM cheeses compared with the more homogeneous microflora added during the manufacture of PM cheeses. The degree of proteolysis and subsequent integrity of the cheese matrix contribute to melt, slice, and color properties of the RM and PM cheeses. Understanding the functional properties of the authentic RM cheeses will help researchers and cheesemakers develop pasteurized versions that maintain the traditional traits desired in the cheeses. C1 [Olson, D. W.; Van Hekken, D. L.; Tunick, M. H.; Tomasula, P. M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Molina-Corral, F. J.; Gardea, A. A.] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Cuauhtemoc 31570, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM diane.vanhekken@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 9 BP 4292 EP 4299 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3884 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 809VU UT WOS:000294085600005 PM 21854902 ER PT J AU Listiyani, MAD Campbell, RE Miracle, RE Dean, LO Drake, MA AF Listiyani, M. A. D. Campbell, R. E. Miracle, R. E. Dean, L. O. Drake, M. A. TI Influence of bleaching on flavor of 34% whey protein concentrate and residual benzoic acid concentration in dried whey proteins SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whey; benzoic acid; bleach; flavor ID SENSORY PROPERTIES; CHEDDAR WHEY; SORBIC ACIDS; LIQUID WHEY; MILK; STABILITY; ISOLATE; VARIABILITY; 80-PERCENT; COMPONENTS AB Previous studies have shown that bleaching negatively affects the flavor of 70% whey protein concentrate (WPC70), but bleaching effects on lower-protein products have not been established. Benzoyl peroxide (BP), a whey bleaching agent, degrades to benzoic acid (BA) and may elevate BA concentrations in dried whey products. No legal limit exists in the United States for BP use in whey, but international concerns exist. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) or BP bleaching on the flavor of 34% WPC (WPC34) and to evaluate residual BA in commercial and experimental WPC bleached with and without BP. Cheddar whey was manufactured in duplicate. Pasteurized fat-separated whey was subjected to hot bleaching with either HP at 500 mg/kg, BP at 50 or 100 mg/kg, or no bleach. Whey was ultrafiltered and spray dried into WPC34. Color [L*(lightness), a* (red-green), and b* (yellow-blue)] measurements and norbixin extractions were conducted to compare bleaching efficacy. Descriptive sensory and instrumental volatile analyses were used to evaluate bleaching effects on flavor. Benzoic acid was extracted from experimental and commercial WPC34 and 80% WPC (WPC80) and quantified by HPLC. The b* value and norbixin concentration of BP-bleached WPC34 were lower than HP-bleached and control WPC34. Hydrogen peroxide-bleached WPC34 displayed higher cardboard flavor and had higher volatile lipid oxidation products than BP-bleached or control WPC34. Benzoyl peroxide-bleached WPC34 had higher BA concentrations than unbleached and HP-bleached WPC34 and BA. concentrations were also higher in BP-bleached WPC80 compared with unbleached and HP-bleached WPC80, with smaller differences than those observed in WPC34. Benzoic acid extraction from permeate showed that WPC80 permeate contained more BA than did WPC34 permeate. Benzoyl peroxide is more effective in color removal of whey and results in fewer flavor side effects compared with HP and residual BA is decreased by ultrafiltration and diafiltration. C1 [Listiyani, M. A. D.; Campbell, R. E.; Miracle, R. E.; Drake, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dean, L. O.] N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mdrake@unity.ncsu.edu RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 FU Dairy Research Institute (DRI) FX Funding was provided by the Dairy Research Institute (DRI) managed by Dairy Management Inc. (Rosemont, IL). Special thanks to Dje Yobouet (USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service Field Laboratory Services, Gastonia, NC) and Ping Qi (Institute of Food Industry Hygiene Inspection, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China) for their assistance with HPLC, and to David Barbano (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) for his assistance with composition analysis and for providing the experimental WPC80 samples. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement or lack of endorsement by those not mentioned. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 9 BP 4347 EP 4359 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4341 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 809VU UT WOS:000294085600010 PM 21854907 ER PT J AU Hall, MB AF Hall, M. B. TI Isotrichid protozoa influence conversion of glucose to glycogen and other microbial products SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sugar; protozoa; rumen fermentation; nonfiber carbohydrate ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; CILIATE ENTODINIUM-CAUDATUM; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; RUMEN FERMENTATION; AMINO-ACIDS; CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; BACTERIA; METABOLISM; STARCH AB The goal of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of isotrichid protozoa (IP) on the conversion of glucose (Glc) to glycogen (Glyc) and transformation of Glc into fermentation products. Treatments were ruminal inoculum mechanically processed (blended) to destroy IP (B+, verified microscopically) or not mechanically processed (B-). Accumulated microbial Glyc was measured at 3 h of fermentation with (L+; protozoa + bacteria) or without (L-; predominantly protozoa) lysis of bacterial cells in the fermentation solids with 0.2 N NaOH. Two 3-h in vitro fermentations were performed using Goering-Van Soest medium in batch culture vessels supplemented with 78.75 mg of Glc/vessel in a 26.5-mL liquid volume. Rumen inoculum from 2 cannulated cows was filtered through cheesecloth, combined, and maintained under CO2 for all procedures. At 3 h, 0.63 and 0.38 mg of Glc remained in B and B+. Net microbial Glyc accumulation (and Glc in Glyc as % of added Glc) detected at 3 h of fermentation were 3.32 (4.69%), -1.42 (-2.01%), 6.45 (9.10%), and 3.65 (5.15%) mg for B-L-, B+L-, B-L+ and B+L+, respectively. Treatments B+ and L+ gave lower Glyc values than B and L, respectively. Treatment B+L- demonstrated net utilization of alpha-glucan contributed by inoculum with no net Glyc production. With destruction of IP, total Glyc accumulation declined by 44%, but estimated bacterial Glyc increased. Microbial accumulation of N increased 17.7% and calculated CH4 production decreased 24.7% in B+ compared with B, but accumulation of C in microbes, production of organic acids or C in organic acids, calculated CO2, and carbohydrates in cell-free medium did not differ between B+ and B-. Given the short 3-h timeframe, increased N accumulation in B+ was attributed to decreased Glyc sequestration by IP rather than decreased predation on bacteria. After correction for estimates of C from AA and peptides utilized by microbes, 15% of substrate Glc C could not be accounted for in measured products in B+ or B-. Approximately 30% of substrate Glc was consumed by energetic costs associated with Glc transport and Glyc synthesis. The substantial accumulation of Glyc and changes in microbial N and Glyc accumulation related to presence of IP suggest that these factors should be considered in predicting profiles and amounts of microbial products and yield of nutrients to the cow as related to utilization of glucose. Determination of applicability of these findings to other soluble carbohydrates could be useful. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM marybeth.hall@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 9 BP 4589 EP 4602 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3878 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 809VU UT WOS:000294085600035 PM 21854932 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Wattiaux, MA Broderick, GA AF Powell, J. M. Wattiaux, M. A. Broderick, G. A. TI Short communication: Evaluation of milk urea nitrogen as a management tool to reduce ammonia emissions from dairy farms SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dietary crude protein; milk urea nitrogen; urinary urea nitrogen; ammonia emissions ID DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN; UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY; STATISTICAL EVALUATION; CATTLE; COW; PREDICTION; EXCRETION; BALANCE; BARN; PERFORMANCE AB The purpose of this study was to compile and evaluate relationships between feed nitrogen (N) intake, milk urea N (MUN), urinary urea N (UUN), and ammonia (NH3) emissions from dairy farms to aid policy development. Regression relationships between MUN, UUN, and NH3 emissions were compiled from studies conducted in Wisconsin, California, and the Netherlands. Relative reductions in NH3 emissions were calculated as percentage decreases in NH3 emissions associated with a baseline MUN level of 14 mg/dL (prevailing industry average). For 3 studies with cows in stanchion barns, relative NH3 emission reductions of 10.3 to 28.2% were obtained when MUN declined from 14 to 10 mg/dL. Similarly, analyses of 2 freestall studies provided relative NH3 emission reductions of 10.5 to 33.7% when MUN levels declined from 14 to 10 mg/dL. The relative reductions in NH3 emissions from both stanchion and freestall barns can be associated directly with reductions in UUN excretion, which can be determined using MUN. The results of this study may help create new awareness, and perhaps eventual industry-based incentives, for management practices that enhance feed N use efficiency and reduce MUN, UUN, and NH3 emissions from dairy farms. C1 [Powell, J. M.; Broderick, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wattiaux, M. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 9 BP 4690 EP 4694 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4476 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 809VU UT WOS:000294085600045 PM 21854942 ER PT J AU Lane, MM Czyzewski, DI Chumpitazi, BP Shulman, RJ AF Lane, Mariella M. Czyzewski, Danita I. Chumpitazi, Bruno P. Shulman, Robert J. TI Reliability and Validity of a Modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for Children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL TRANSIT-TIME; FECAL MICROBIOTA; POPULATION; DEFECATION; DISORDERS; FREQUENCY; DIARRHEA; TRIAL; GUIDE AB Objectives This study sought to: evaluate the ability of children to reliably use a modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for Children (mBSFS-C), evaluate criterion-related validity of the mBSFS-C, and identify the lower age limit for mBSFS-C use. Study design The mBSFS-C comprises 5 stool form types described and depicted in drawings. Children 3 to 18 years old rated stool form for 10 stool photographs. Because of low reliability when stool form descriptors were not read aloud (n = 119), a subsequent sample of children (n = 191) rated photographs with descriptors read. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients for descriptor-unread versus -read samples were 0.62 and 0.79, respectively. Children were increasingly reliable with age. Percentage of correct ratings varied with stool form type, but generally increased with age. With descriptors unread, children 8 years and older demonstrated acceptable interobserver reliability, with >78% of ratings correct. With descriptors read, children 6 years and older demonstrated acceptable reliability, with >80% of ratings correct. Conclusions The mBSFS-C is reliable and valid for use by children, with age 6 years being the lower limit for scale use with descriptors read and age 8 years being the lower limit without descriptors read. We anticipate that the mBSFS-C can be effectively used in pediatric clinical and research settings. (J Pediatr 2011;159:437-41). C1 [Lane, Mariella M.; Czyzewski, Danita I.; Chumpitazi, Bruno P.; Shulman, Robert J.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Psychiat Serv, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lane, Mariella M.; Czyzewski, Danita I.] Baylor Coll Med Menninger, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Shulman, Robert J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Lane, MM (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Psychiat Serv, Dept Pediat, 6701 Fannin St,Suite 1740, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mmlane@texaschildrens.org FU Takeda Pharmaceuticals; National Institutes of Health [R01 NR05337, UH2 DK083990, RC2 NR011959]; Daffy's Foundation; USDA/ARS [6250-51000-043, P30 DK56338] FX Supported by an investigator-initiated grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Funding was independent of: (1) study design; (2) the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; (3) the writing of the report; and (4) the decision to submit the paper for publication. Salary support to one or more of the authors during the conduct of this study has been provided by the National Institutes of Health (R01 NR05337, UH2 DK083990, and RC2 NR011959), the Daffy's Foundation, and the USDA/ARS (under Cooperative Agreement 6250-51000-043 and P30 DK56338), which funds the Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 159 IS 3 BP 437 EP U295 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.03.002 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 809KQ UT WOS:000294054200018 PM 21489557 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ Prabhaker, N AF Castle, S. J. Prabhaker, N. TI Field evaluation of two systemic neonicotinoid insecticides against pink hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green)) on mulberry trees SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chemical control; Xylem sampling; ELISA; Eradication; Invasive pest ID HEMIPTERA PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; PLANTS; BUG AB Infestations of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), in ornamental trees were already in an advanced state at the time of its discovery in the Imperial Valley of California (USA) in August 1999. Initial studies conducted in 2001-2003 provided encouraging results regarding the capacity of both insecticides to severely reduce, and in some cases completely eliminate infestations from individual trees. In 2004-2005, a total of 50 infested mulberry trees (Morus alba L.) were divided into two groups of 20 trees each treated with either imidacloprid or thiamethoxam, and a third group of ten trees retained as untreated controls. Branch samples collected from all 50 trees from early August through mid-October recorded a substantial reduction in M. hirsutus infestations in all trees treated with either insecticide, whereas infestations continued to rise in the untreated trees to a peak level in late September. By the end of the 2005 season, 10 of 20 imidacloprid-treated and 9 of 20 thiamethoxam-treated trees were completely free of M. hirsutus. C1 [Castle, S. J.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Prabhaker, N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM steven.castle@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1007/s10340-011-0361-6 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 806ZR UT WOS:000293857800014 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Carras, MM AF Tooley, Paul W. Carras, Marie M. TI Enhanced Recovery of Phytophthora ramorum from Soil Following 30 Days of Storage at 4 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ramorum blight; chlamydospore ID PATHOGEN AB Chlamydospores of Phytophthora ramorum were used to infest field soil at densities ranging from 0.2 to 42 chlamydospores/cm(3) soil. Recovery was determined by baiting with rhododendron leaf discs and dilution plating at time 0 and after 30 days of storage at 4 degrees C, as recommended by USDA-APHIS. Baiting was slightly more sensitive than dilution plating in recovering P. ramorum immediately following infestation of soil and allowed detection from samples infested with as little as 0.2 chlamydospores/cm(3) compared with 1 chlamydospore/cm(3) for dilution plating. After 30 days of infested soil storage at 4 degrees C, P. ramorum was detected at significantly (P = 0.05) higher levels than at time 0 with both recovery methods. The results indicate that storage of P. ramorum-infested soil at 4 degrees C may allow for pathogen activity, such as sporangia production, which may enhance recovery from soil. C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Carras, Marie M.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 159 IS 9 BP 641 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01810.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 802LB UT WOS:000293511300010 ER PT J AU Obert, DE Hang, A Hu, G Burton, C Satterfield, K Evans, CP Marshall, JM Jackson, EW AF Obert, D. E. Hang, A. Hu, G. Burton, C. Satterfield, K. Evans, C. P. Marshall, J. M. Jackson, E. W. TI Registration of 'Transit' High beta-Glucan Spring Barley SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Studies on the effects of beta-glucan on humans have shown that food containing high concentrations of beta-glucans from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) reduced total cholesterol levels. beta-Glucan has been shown to be beneficial for the regulation of blood-glucose levels, and high beta-glucan has been found to reduce glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. High beta-glucan barley varieties with good agronomic traits are few and have reduced yield potential compared with feed-and malting-barley cultivars. 'Transit' (Reg. No. CV-348, PI 660128), a two-rowed, spring, high beta-glucan barley, was developed and submitted for release in 2009 by the USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Transit is a selection from the cross 10/'Azhul'//'CDC Alamo'. 10 is a selection from composite cross XXXII. Azhul is a six-rowed, high beta-glucan cultivar released by the ARS and Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station and is the progenitor of most high beta-glucan cultivars and germplasm. Azhul was developed by the mutation of line 76-19-7 with diethyl sulfate. Line 76-19-7 has the pedigree CCXXXII/'Arimont'//'Westbar'. CDC Alamo, tested as HB340, has the pedigree SB85750/Azhul. Transit has a reduced yield potential compared with the best feed and malting types, but its high level of beta-glucan provides enough added value to allow it to be economically competitive with current malting-barley cultivars. The release of Transit will provide producers with a variety having improved yield potential and beta-glucan content compared with the current varieties CDC Alamo and Azhul. Transit is expected to be adapted to both irrigated and rainfed regions in Idaho. C1 [Obert, D. E.] Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Battle Ground, IN 47920 USA. [Hang, A.; Hu, G.; Burton, C.; Satterfield, K.; Evans, C. P.; Jackson, E. W.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Marshall, J. M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls Res & Ext Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Obert, DE (reprint author), Limagrain Cereal Seeds, 9020 Grant Rd, Battle Ground, IN 47920 USA. EM Don.Obert@limagrain.com FU Idaho Barley Commission; Cargill Neutraceuticals; CSREES Barley FX Transit was developed with financial support from the Idaho Barley Commission, Cargill Neutraceuticals and the CSREES Barley for Rural Development grant. The authors also wished to acknowledge the cooperation of Clark Kauffman, Doug Scoville, Evan Hayes, Dave Bodine, and Scott Brown for providing land and technical support for on-farm yield trials. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 270 EP 272 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.09.0539crc PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100002 ER PT J AU Balota, M Mozingo, RW Coffelt, TA Isleib, TG Beahm, BR Pittman, HG Bryant, FS Copeland, PA Daughtrey, CJ Kennedy, BC Shokes, FM Ashburn, RD Whitt, DL Redd, DA AF Balota, Maria Mozingo, R. Walton Coffelt, Terry A. Isleib, Thomas G. Beahm, Bruce R. Pittman, Hugh G. Bryant, Frank S. Copeland, Pamela A. Daughtrey, Carolyn J. Kennedy, Brenda C. Shokes, Frederick M. Ashburn, Robert D., Jr. Whitt, David L. Redd, Doug A. TI Registration of 'Titan' Peanut SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Titan' (Reg. No. CV-112, PI 660127) virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea), which was developed and tested as VT 9506083-3 by the Virginia Tech was released in May 2010. In Virginia, Titan was tested from 1997 to 2005 at several locations throughout the peanut-growing area of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. In 2007 and 2008, it was tested in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in the Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation trials. Titan is an extra-large-seeded peanut with an exceptionally high content of jumbo pods and super-extra-large kernels (SELK) in all tests performed from 1997 to 2008. It has the highest jumbo-pod content of any cultivar available at this time with values ranging from 69 to 97% in all tests. Titan had 36-60% SELK content with seeds averaging 1437 mg/seed. Because of these characteristics, Titan is well suited for in-shell-peanut, gourmet, and green-boiling products. On average, Titan produced a pod yield of 4700 kg ha(-1) and was moderate susceptible to Cylindrocladium black rot (caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, M. J. Wingf. & Alfenas), Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger), and tomato spotted wilt (caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus). C1 [Balota, Maria; Mozingo, R. Walton; Pittman, Hugh G.; Bryant, Frank S.; Copeland, Pamela A.; Daughtrey, Carolyn J.; Kennedy, Brenda C.; Shokes, Frederick M.; Ashburn, Robert D., Jr.; Redd, Doug A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Tidewater Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. [Coffelt, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Isleib, Thomas G.] NC State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Beahm, Bruce R.] Virginia Fdn Seed Stocks Farm, Mt Holly, VA 22524 USA. [Whitt, David L.] Virginia Crop Improvement Assoc, Mechanicsville, VA 23116 USA. RP Balota, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Tidewater Agr Res & Ext Ctr, 6321 Holland Rd, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. EM mbalota@vt.edu FU Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; North Carolina State University; Virginia-Carolina Peanut Association; Virginia Crop Improvement Association FX Titan was developed with the financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the North Carolina State University, the Virginia-Carolina Peanut Association, and the Virginia Crop Improvement Association. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.09.0531crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100005 ER PT J AU Brick, MA Ogg, JB Schwartz, HF Johnson, JJ Judson, F Singh, SP Miklas, PN Pastor-Corrales, MA AF Brick, Mark A. Ogg, James B. Schwartz, Howard F. Johnson, Jerry J. Judson, Fred Singh, Shree P. Miklas, Phillip N. Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A. TI Registration of 'Croissant' Pinto Bean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Croissant' (Reg. No. CV-299, PI 656597), a new medium-maturity (92-98 d) pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar was released by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station to provide dry bean producers in the USA with a high-yielding cultivar that combines resistance to rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger], most strains of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), and field resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB) [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Vauterin et al.; Synonym: X. campestris pv. phaseoli Smith (Dye)]. Croissant has an indeterminant growth habit with semi-upright plant architecture (Type IIb) in most environments; however, in environments with high soil N and moisture it can express semi-vine architecture (Type IIIa). Resistance to rust is conditioned by the Ur-3 (Middle American) and Ur-6 (Andean) dominant alleles, and resistance to BCMV and BCMNV is conditioned by the recessive allele bc-2(2). Croissant possesses the SAP6 marker linked with a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that confers a moderate level of field resistance to CBB endemic to the High Plains of the USA. In 2008 and 2009, the mean seed yield for Croissant was 3102 and 2895 kg ha(-1) and the mean seed weights were 36.2 and 36.3 g/100 seed compared with 3142 and 3095 kg ha(-1) and 38.2 and 37.7 g/100 seed for the mean of five test entries, respectively. Croissant is unique to other recent upright architecture pinto cultivars because it possesses two genes for resistance to rust and the SAP6-linked QTL to provide a moderate level of resistance to CBB. C1 [Brick, Mark A.; Ogg, James B.; Johnson, Jerry J.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schwartz, Howard F.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Mgmt, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Judson, Fred] Western Colorado Res Stn, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. [Singh, Shree P.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Miklas, Phillip N.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brick, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mark.Brick@Colostate.edu FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station; Colorado Dry Bean Administrative Committee; Colorado Seed Growers Association FX The development of this cultivar was supported by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, the Colorado Dry Bean Administrative Committee, and the Colorado Seed Growers Association. We want to especially thank Mr. Eric Sandsted (Cornell University) for providing canning data, the participants in the Midwest Regional Performance Nursery (Drs. J. Kelly, J. Osorno, and C. Urrea), the participants in the Western Regional Bean Trials (Dr. C. Urrea), and all the participants in the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.07.0443crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100008 ER PT J AU Sha, XY Linscombe, SD Jodari, F Chu, QR Groth, DE Blanche, SB Harrell, DL White, LM Oard, JH Chen, MH Theunissen, SJ Henry, BJ AF Sha, X. Y. Linscombe, S. D. Jodari, F. Chu, Q. R. Groth, D. E. Blanche, S. B. Harrell, D. L. White, L. M. Oard, J. H. Chen, M. H. Theunissen, S. J. Henry, B. J. TI Registration of 'Jazzman' Aromatic Long-Grain Rice SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID JASMINE RICE AB 'Jazzman' (Reg. No. CV-134, PI 658006) is the first U. S.-bred jasmine-type, soft-cooking, aromatic, long-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) with a glabrous leaf, sheath, and hull and no dormancy. It was developed from a single cross by the modified pedigree selection procedure at the Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Crowley, LA, and officially released in December 2008. Jazzman was tested under the experimental designation RU0402125 in the Louisiana Commercial Advanced trial at either six or seven locations, as well as in the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) in Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, and Texas during 2004-2008. Jazzman is a moderately early maturing and conventional-height cultivar with commercially acceptable grain and milling yields, translucent slender grains, and a strong aroma. In 34 replicated Louisiana statewide and multistate URRN trials, Jazzman had average main-and ratoon-crop yields of 7.8 and 1.5 t ha(-1), respectively. When averaged across years and locations, Jazzman had a head rice yield of 63.6% and a total milled rice yield of 69.6%. Jazzman has the typical jasmine-type cooking quality: a low amylose content, low gelatinization temperature, and an average 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content of 436 ng g(-1). Under both artificial inoculation and natural infection, Jazzman was found to be moderately susceptible to sheath blight [caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk (anamorph Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn)], bacterial panicle blight (caused by Burkholderia glumae), and the physiological disorder straighthead but moderately resistant to blast [caused by Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr (anamorph Pyricularia grisea Sacc.)]. Successful development of Jazzman rice, which is well-adapted to the Gulf-and Mid-South rice-growing regions, should enable the U. S. rice industry to compete with Asian exporters in high-value aromatic-rice niche markets. C1 [Sha, X. Y.; Linscombe, S. D.; Groth, D. E.; Harrell, D. L.; White, L. M.; Theunissen, S. J.; Henry, B. J.] Louisiana State Univ, Rice Res Stn, Ctr Agr, Rayne, LA 70578 USA. [Jodari, F.] Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Biggs, CA 95917 USA. [Chu, Q. R.] RiceTec Inc, Alvin, TX 77511 USA. [Blanche, S. B.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dean Lee Res Stn, Alexandria, LA 71302 USA. [Oard, J. H.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chen, M. H.] USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Sha, XY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Rice Res Stn, Ctr Agr, 1373 Caffey Rd, Rayne, LA 70578 USA. EM xsha@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Rice Research Board; Rice Foundation, USA Rice Federation FX The authors thank Drs. E. T. Champagne and J. F. Meullenet for the sensory panel evaluation and K. F. Bearb, B. W. Theunissen, and H. L. Hoffpauir for technical support. This research was partially funded by the Louisiana Rice Research Board and the Rice Foundation, USA Rice Federation. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 304 EP 308 DI 10.3198/jpr2011.02.0081crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100009 ER PT J AU Carter, TE Koenning, SR Burton, JW Rzewnicki, PE Villagarcia, MR Bowman, DT Arelli, PR AF Carter, T. E., Jr. Koenning, S. R. Burton, J. W. Rzewnicki, P. E. Villagarcia, M. R. Bowman, D. T. Arelli, P. R. TI Registration of 'N7003CN' Maturity-Group-VII Soybean with High Yield and Resistance to Race 2 (HG Type 1.2.5.7-) Soybean Cyst Nematode SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; SELECTION; PEDIGREE; HARTWIG; PROTEIN AB 'N7003CN' soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV-502, PI 661157) was developed and released by the USDA-ARS in 2010. It is a high-yielding, maturity-group (MG) VII, nontransgenic soybean cultivar adapted to the southeastern USA (30-37 degrees N latitude). N7003CN is the first publicly released MG-VII soybean that is resistant to race 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7) of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). Race 2 is the dominant type of SCN in North Carolina. N7003CN is also resistant to races 1 and 14 (HG types 2.3- and 1.3.5.6.7, respectively), is moderately resistant to races 4 and 5 (HG types 1.2.3.5.6- and 2.5.7-, respectively), and appears to have partial resistance to race 3 (HG type 5.7). Molecular analysis of N7003CN identified SSR markers associated with SCN resistance genes rhg1, Rhg4, and Rhg5. During 2005-2009 in USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, N7003CN yielded 11 and 2% more than the SCN-susceptible control cultivars 'Haskell RR' and 'N7002', respectively (46 environments). During 2005-2009 in the North Carolina State University Official Variety Trials (OVT), the yield of N7003CN was equivalent to that of the SCN-susceptible control cultivar, 'NC-Raleigh'. NC-Raleigh was the highest-yielding MG-VII entry in the OVT. The unusual combination of high yield and SCN race-2 resistance in group-VII maturity makes this cultivar potentially desirable for conventional and organic production and as breeding stock for commercial breeding. C1 [Carter, T. E., Jr.; Burton, J. W.; Rzewnicki, P. E.; Villagarcia, M. R.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Koenning, S. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bowman, D. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Arelli, P. R.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Carter, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM Thomas.Carter@ars.usda.gov OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 FU North Carolina Soybean Producers Association; United Soybean Board FX We would like to acknowledge Earl Huie, Austin Hodges, Jim Nelson, and Robert McMillen of the Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC for their technical support in the development of N7003CN. We also acknowledge Dr. T. L. Kirkpatrick, Southwest Research and Ext. Center, Hope, Arkansas 71801 for his help in determining the SCN resistance profile for N7003CN. This research was supported in part by the North Carolina Soybean Producers Association and by the United Soybean Board. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.09.0565crc PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100010 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RA Comstock, JC Glaz, B del Blanco, IA Edme, SJ Davidson, RW Glynn, NC Sood, S Zhao, D Miller, JD Tai, PYP AF Gilbert, Robert A. Comstock, Jack C. Glaz, Barry del Blanco, Isabel A. Edme, Serge J. Davidson, R. Wayne Glynn, Neil C. Sood, Sushma Zhao, Duli Miller, Jimmy D. Tai, Peter Y. P. TI Registration of 'CP 03-1912' Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'CP 03-1912' (Reg. No. CV-145, PI 660674) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugarcane League, Inc., and was released to growers in Florida on 18 Feb. 2011. CP 03-1912 was selected from the cross X00-656 (genotypes CP 92-1167 x CP 95-1039) made at Canal Point, FL on 20 Dec. 2000. Both parents were advanced to the final selection stage (stage 4) of the Canal Point (CP) sugarcane cultivar breeding and selection program (CP program) but not considered for commercial release. CP 03-1912 was tested in stage 4 only on sand soils in Florida and was released for these soils because of its high cane yield and acceptable commercial recoverable sucrose (CRS); its resistance to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow), orange rust (caused by Puccinia kuehnii E. J. Butler), and Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (the causal agent of mosaic); and its moderate resistance to leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson], smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea H. & P. Sydow), and ratoon stunt (caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli Evtsuhenko et al.) in Florida. CP 03-1912 had poor tolerance to freezes based on its rank of 15 in CRS after it and 23 other genotypes were exposed to 93 h of temperatures <= -3 degrees C between 10 Dec. 2010 and 27 Jan. 2011. C1 [Comstock, Jack C.; Glaz, Barry; del Blanco, Isabel A.; Edme, Serge J.; Glynn, Neil C.; Sood, Sushma; Zhao, Duli; Miller, Jimmy D.; Tai, Peter Y. P.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Gilbert, Robert A.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Davidson, R. Wayne] Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM Barry.Glaz@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.3198/jpr2011.02.0075crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100011 ER PT J AU Glynn, NC Milligan, SB Gilbert, RA Davidson, RW Comstock, JC Glaz, B Edme, SJ Hu, CJ Holder, DG del Blanco, IA Sood, S Zhao, D AF Glynn, Neil C. Milligan, Scott B. Gilbert, Robert A. Davidson, R. Wayne Comstock, Jack C. Glaz, Barry Edme, Serge J. Hu, Chen-Jian Holder, David G. del Blanco, Isabel A. Sood, Sushma Zhao, Duli TI Registration of 'CPCL 00-4111' Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'CPCL 00-4111' (Reg. No. CV-144, PI 660673) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) is the latest in a series of commercial sugarcane cultivar releases developed by the United States Sugar Corporation (USSC) and completed by the cooperative Canal Point sugarcane breeding and selection program, which included the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. CPCL 00-4111, which was released in Florida on 18 Feb. 2011, was selected from a cross of genotype CL 83-3431 x CL 89-5189 made at Clewiston, FL on 4 Dec. 1998. The female and male parents, CL 83-3431 and CL 89-5189, respectively, are proprietary genotypes of USSC. CPCL 00-4111 was released because of its high cane yield and commercial recoverable sucrose on organic (muck) soils and because of its resistance to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow), orange rust (caused by Puccinia kuehnii E. J. Butler), smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea H. & P. Sydow), and Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (the causal agent of mosaic), as well as its moderate resistance to leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson]. All of these diseases are of economic importance to sugarcane production in Florida. C1 [Glynn, Neil C.; Comstock, Jack C.; Glaz, Barry; Edme, Serge J.; del Blanco, Isabel A.; Sood, Sushma; Zhao, Duli] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Milligan, Scott B.] Monsanto Co, Vegetable Seeds Div, Felda, FL 33930 USA. [Gilbert, Robert A.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Davidson, R. Wayne] Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Hu, Chen-Jian; Holder, David G.] US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM Barry.Glaz@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.12.0701crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100012 ER PT J AU White, WH Tew, TL Cobill, RM Burner, DM Grisham, MP Dufrene, EO Pan, YB Richard, EP Legendre, BL AF White, William H. Tew, Thomas L. Cobill, Robert M. Burner, David M. Grisham, Michael P. Dufrene, Edwis O. Pan, Yong-Bao Richard, Edward P., Jr. Legendre, Benjamin L. TI Registration of 'Ho 00-961' Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID YIELD; LOUISIANA AB 'Ho 00-961' (Reg. No. CV-146, PI 659769) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. spontaneum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected by the USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Unit and evaluated cooperatively with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the American Sugar Cane League, Inc. Ho 00-961 is a progeny of the cross US 94-1 x 'HoCP 91-552' made in 1995 and selected in the first-ratoon seedling crop in 1997. Ho 00-961 is being released as a cultivar with moderately high fiber content, moderately high sugar content, and high total cane yield-important traits for sugarcane to be grown as a biofuel feedstock. In 12 harvested evaluations, Ho 00-961 had an overall mean Brix value of 141 g kg(-1) versus 146 g kg(-1) for the cultivar standard 'LCP 85-384'. The mean fiber content (stalks processed with tops and leaves) for Ho 00-961 was 186 g kg(-1), compared with a fiber content of 164 g kg(-1) for the cultivar LCP 85-384. Finally, Ho 00-961 had a total cane yield 14% greater than that of LCP 85-834. Ho 00-961 appears resistant to mosaic (caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus and Sorghum mosaic virus), brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. and P. Sydow), and leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson]. Although natural infection of smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea H. and P. Sydow) was not observed in yield evaluations, Ho 00-961 was susceptible under artificial inoculation. Ho 00-961 is also resistant to the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis F.). C1 [White, William H.; Tew, Thomas L.; Grisham, Michael P.; Dufrene, Edwis O.; Pan, Yong-Bao; Richard, Edward P., Jr.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP White, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM William.white@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 332 EP 338 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.06.0354crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100013 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Baenziger, PS Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Jin, Y Kolmer, JA Seabourn, BW Beecher, BS AF Graybosch, Robert A. Peterson, C. James Baenziger, P. Stephen Baltensperger, David D. Nelson, Lenis A. Jin, Yue Kolmer, James A. Seabourn, Bradford W. Beecher, Brian S. TI Registration of 'Anton' Hard White Winter Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM AB Low levels of the grain enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) are a necessary attribute of any newly developed hard white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the Great Plains. Low PPO correlates with enhanced end-use quality, including the final product color in noodle applications. Few wheats with this necessary characteristic presently are available. The objective of this study was to develop a hard winter wheat adapted to the region that possesses both low levels of grain PPO and quality characteristics that would allow its utilization in domestic bread-making applications. This goal was achieved via the development and release in December 2007 of 'Anton' (Reg. No. CV-1057, PI 651044) hard white winter wheat by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Anton was released primarily for its low levels of PPO. Flour-PPO levels of Anton (tested under the experimental designation NW98S097) were significantly lower than all other entries in the 2003 and 2004 USDA-ARS coordinated Northern Regional Performance nursery. Polyphenol oxidase levels of Anton in grain from the 2005 University of Nebraska cultivar performance trials were not significantly different from those of the low-PPO cultivar 'Platte' and were significantly lower than those of several additional current hard white winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Anton was selected from the cross WA691213-27/N86L177//Platte. C1 [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Peterson, C. James] Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Baenziger, P. Stephen; Nelson, Lenis A.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Baltensperger, David D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jin, Yue; Kolmer, James A.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Beecher, Brian S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford W.] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 FU Nebraska Wheat Board FX Financial support from the Nebraska Wheat Board is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Lori Divis, Vern Hansen, Greg Dorn, Mitch Montgomery, and Chris Hoagland for technical assistance, and Brigid Amos for suggesting the use of the LI-COR Area Meter in the assessment of sprouting tolerance. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.08.0481crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100014 ER PT J AU Riveland, NR Berg, JE Kephart, KD Wichman, DM Carlson, GR Kushnak, GD Stougaard, RN Eckhoff, JL Nash, DL Johnston, M Grey, WE Jin, Y Chen, X Bruckner, PL AF Riveland, N. R. Berg, J. E. Kephart, K. D. Wichman, D. M. Carlson, G. R. Kushnak, G. D. Stougaard, R. N. Eckhoff, J. L. Nash, D. L. Johnston, M. Grey, W. E. Jin, Y. Chen, X. Bruckner, P. L. TI Registration of 'Decade' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Decade' (Reg. No. CV-1058, PI 660291) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released jointly by the Montana and North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Stations in September 2010. Decade is of unknown pedigree derived from a composite of three closely related single crosses (N95L159/'CDC Clair', N95L159/MT9602, and N95L159/MT9609). Decade was developed using a modified bulk-breeding method, selected as an F(5:7) headrow, and tested under the experimental number MT0552 from 2005 to 2009 in Montana and from 2008 to 2009 in North Dakota. Quality has been evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2005. Decade is a high-yielding, winter-hardy HRW wheat line with medium to high test weight, early maturity, reduced height (Rht-B1b), medium to high grain protein, and excellent milling and baking quality. The line was released for its combination of good winter hardiness, short stature, and high yield potential and for its excellent performance in the eastern Montana and western North Dakota winter-wheat production environments. C1 [Berg, J. E.; Nash, D. L.; Johnston, M.; Grey, W. E.; Bruckner, P. L.] Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Riveland, N. R.] Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. [Kephart, K. D.] So Agr Res Ctr, Huntley, MT 59037 USA. [Wichman, D. M.] Cent Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT 59462 USA. [Carlson, G. R.] No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. [Kushnak, G. D.] Western Triangle Agr Res Ctr, Conrad, MT 59425 USA. [Stougaard, R. N.] NW Agr Res Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Eckhoff, J. L.] Eastern Agr Res Ctr, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Jin, Y.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chen, X.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bruckner, PL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dep Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bruckner@montana.edu FU Montana and North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Stations; Montana Wheat and Barley Committee; North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Education (SBARE); Hatch project [MONB00298] FX Decade was developed with financial support of the Montana and North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Stations, the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, the North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Education (SBARE), and Hatch project MONB00298. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Ron Ramsfield, Jackie Kennedy, Harvey Teslaa, and Petrea Hofer. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.3198/jpr2011.04.0191crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100015 ER PT J AU Hall, MD Griffey, CA Green, A Liu, S Gundrum, P Berger, G Brooks, WS Thomason, WE Hokanson, EG Behl, HD Pitman, RM Dunaway, DW Vaughn, ME Lewis, T Custis, JT Seabourn, B Chen, R Fountain, M Marshall, D Beahm, BR Whitt, DL Lin, CJ Mennel, DL AF Hall, M. D. Griffey, C. A. Green, A. Liu, S. Gundrum, P. Berger, G. Brooks, W. S. Thomason, W. E. Hokanson, E. G. Behl, H. D. Pitman, R. M. Dunaway, D. W. Vaughn, M. E. Lewis, T. Custis, J. T. Seabourn, B. Chen, R. Fountain, M. Marshall, D. Beahm, B. R. Whitt, D. L. Lin, C. J. Mennel, D. L. TI Registration of 'Vision 30' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB 'Vision 30' (Reg. No. CV-1062, PI 661153) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and tested as VA06HRW-49 and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in March 2010. Vision 30 was derived from the cross 92PAN1#33/VA97W-414. Vision 30 is high yielding, awned, and semidwarf (Rht2) and has midseason spike emergence and resistance to powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC) E.O. Speer]. In Virginia, the average grain yield (2007-2009) of Vision 30 (5301 kg ha(-1)) was similar to that of the soft red winter wheat check cultivar Renwood 3260 (5536 kg ha(-1)). Vision 30 was evaluated in the 2008 and 2009 USDA-ARS Uniform Bread Wheat Nursery and produced mean yields (4992 and 4690 kg ha(-1)) that were similar (P <= 0.05) to those of the highest-yielding HRW wheat entry. In comparison with the hard wheat cultivar 'Lakin', Vision 30 has acceptable end-use quality on the basis of flour yield (69.9 versus 70.3 g 100 g(-1)), flour protein (10.7 versus 9.5 g 100 g(-1)), flour water absorption (59.8 versus 59.1 g 100 g(-1)), dough mixing tolerance (3.3 versus 2.3), pup-loaf volume (812 versus 803 cm(3)), and crumb grain scores (3.3 versus 3.7). C1 [Hall, M. D.; Griffey, C. A.; Green, A.; Liu, S.; Gundrum, P.; Berger, G.; Brooks, W. S.; Thomason, W. E.; Hokanson, E. G.; Behl, H. D.] Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci Dep, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pitman, R. M.; Dunaway, D. W.; Vaughn, M. E.; Lewis, T.] Eastern Virginia Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Warsaw, VA 22572 USA. [Custis, J. T.] Eastern Shore Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. [Seabourn, B.; Chen, R.] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Fountain, M.; Marshall, D.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Beahm, B. R.] Virginia Fdn Seed Stocks Farm, Mt Holly, VA 22524 USA. [Whitt, D. L.] Virginia Crop Improvement Assoc, Mechanicsville, VA 23116 USA. [Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. L.] Mennel Milling Co, Fostoria, OH 44830 USA. RP Griffey, CA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci Dep, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cgriffey@vt.edu FU Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Virginia Small Grains Board; Virginia Agricultural Council; Virginia Crop Improvement Association; Mennel Milling Company; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture [59-0790-4-102, 2006-55606-16629] FX Vision 30 was developed with financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Small Grains Board, the Virginia Agricultural Council, the Virginia Crop Improvement Association, the Mennel Milling Company, the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, and the USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-102 and 2006-55606-16629. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.3198/jpr2011.03.0183crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100017 ER PT J AU Hall, MD Griffey, CA Green, A Liu, S Gundrum, P Berger, G Brooks, WS Thomason, WE Hokanson, EG Behl, HD Pitman, RM Dunaway, DW Vaughn, ME Lewis, T Custis, JT Seabourn, B Chen, R Fountain, M Marshall, D Beahm, BR Whitt, DL Lin, CJ Mennel, DL AF Hall, M. D. Griffey, C. A. Green, A. Liu, S. Gundrum, P. Berger, G. Brooks, W. S. Thomason, W. E. Hokanson, E. G. Behl, H. D. Pitman, R. M. Dunaway, D. W. Vaughn, M. E. Lewis, T. Custis, J. T. Seabourn, B. Chen, R. Fountain, M. Marshall, D. Beahm, B. R. Whitt, D. L. Lin, C. J. Mennel, D. L. TI Registration of 'Vision 40' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB The potential exists to develop and market hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the eastern United States, where a majority of the mills, bakeries, and consumers reside. The primary objective of this study was to develop adapted and competitive hard winter wheat cultivars possessing high-value traits that offer the potential for new and expanded markets and greater profitability to wheat producers in the eastern United States. 'Vision 40' (Reg. No. CV-1063, PI 661154) hard red winter (HRW) wheat was derived from the cross 92PIN#109/92PAN1#33 and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in March 2010. Vision 40 was developed with a modified bulk-breeding method and was tested as VA06HRW-66 in replicated yield trials in Virginia (2007-2009) and in the eastern region (2008-2009). Vision 40 is a high-yielding, winter hardy, awned, semidwarf (Rht2) having mid-to late-season spike emergence and moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic area with the exception of Fusarium head blight [caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)]. Vision 40 was the fourth highest yielding HRW wheat entry when averaged over 2 yr of the Uniform Bread Wheat Nursery grown at 11 test sites in 10 states in 2008 and 12 test sites in 9 states in 2009. In comparison with the hard wheat cultivar 'Lakin' (PI 617032), Vision 40 has acceptable end-use quality on the basis of flour yield (70.2 versus 70.3 g 100 g(-1)), flour protein (9.5 versus 9.5 g 100 g(-1)), flour water absorption (58.5 versus 59.1 g 100 g(-1)), dough mixing tolerance (1.7 versus 2.3), pup-loaf volume (823 versus 803 cm(3)), and crumb grain scores (3.6 versus 3.7). C1 [Hall, M. D.; Griffey, C. A.; Green, A.; Liu, S.; Gundrum, P.; Berger, G.; Brooks, W. S.; Thomason, W. E.; Hokanson, E. G.; Behl, H. D.] Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci Dep, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pitman, R. M.; Dunaway, D. W.; Vaughn, M. E.; Lewis, T.] Eastern Virginia Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Warsaw, VA 22572 USA. [Custis, J. T.] Eastern Shore Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. [Seabourn, B.; Chen, R.] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Fountain, M.; Marshall, D.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Beahm, B. R.] Virginia Fdn Seed Stocks Farm, Mt Holly, VA 22524 USA. [Whitt, D. L.] Virginia Crop Improvement Assoc, Mechanicsville, VA 23116 USA. [Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. L.] Mennel Milling Co, Fostoria, OH 44830 USA. RP Griffey, CA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci Dep, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cgriffey@vt.edu FU Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Virginia Small Grains Board; Virginia Agricultural Council; Virginia Crop Improvement Association; Mennel Milling Company; USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2006-55606-16629] FX Vision 40 was developed with financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Small Grains Board, the Virginia Agricultural Council, the Virginia Crop Improvement Association, the Mennel Milling Company, and the USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture under Agreement No. 2006-55606-16629. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 360 EP 366 DI 10.3198/jpr2011.03.0184crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100018 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ Robins, JG Peel, MD Ogle, DG St John, L AF Waldron, Blair L. Jensen, Kevin B. Palazzo, Antonio J. Cary, Timothy J. Robins, Joseph G. Peel, Michael D. Ogle, Daniel G. St John, Loren TI 'Recovery', a New Western Wheatgrass Cultivar with Improved Seedling Establishment on Rangelands SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; REGISTRATION; II. AB 'Recovery' western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Barkworth & D. R. Dewy] (Reg. No. CV-32, PI 660509) was released in December 2009 by the USDA-ARS, the Engineer Research and Development Center of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the USDA-NRCS. Recovery was developed for reseeding rangelands following severe disturbance, frequent fires, and soil erosion, and it was selected with emphasis on improved and faster seedling establishment. Recovery was evaluated as TC3, TC-Rich, Army WWG, SERDP WWG, and NRCS-9076517 and was developed as a synthetic cultivar using two cycles of recurrent selection for plant vigor, seed yield, and rate of seedling emergence from a deep planting depth. In field evaluations, Recovery had an increased frequency of seedlings during the establishment year, when averaged across eight locations, than 'Arriba', 'Barton', 'Flintlock', 'Rodan', and 'Rosana' western wheatgrasses. Recovery continued to have superior stand until 4-6 yr after planting, when due to their rhizomatous nature, all the western wheatgrasses had similar stand frequencies. Recovery western wheatgrass provides land managers with a new western wheatgrass cultivar possessing rapid establishment for use in areas that are frequently disturbed, such as military training lands. The use of Recovery will help reduce soil erosion and weed invasion following such disturbances. C1 [Waldron, Blair L.; Jensen, Kevin B.; Robins, Joseph G.; Peel, Michael D.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Palazzo, Antonio J.; Cary, Timothy J.] USA, Corps Engineers Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ogle, Daniel G.] USDA NRCS, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [St John, Loren] USDA NRCS, Aberdeen Plant Mat Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 North,1100 East, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@ars.usda.gov FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [CS1103] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project CS1103, "Identify Resilient Plant Characteristics and Develop Wear-resistant Plant Cultivar for Use on Military Training Lands," for support of this project. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.09.0527crc PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100019 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Chee, PW Lubbers, EL May, OL AF Davis, Richard F. Chee, Peng W. Lubbers, Edward L. May, O. Lloyd TI Registration of GA 120R1B3 Germplasm Line of Cotton SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; RESISTANCE AB GA 120R1B3 (Reg. No. GP-931, PI 660980) is a noncommercial breeding line of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) jointly released by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Georgia in 2010. GA 120R1B3 was created using a single-seed descent method in a backcrossing program to combine the resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (southern root-knot nematode) from M-120 RNR with the high-yielding, high fiber-quality characteristics of PD 94042. Two greenhouse evaluations of nematode reproduction were conducted in 2007. Field evaluations for yield and fiber quality were conducted from 2007 to 2009 and included three tests in fields infested with M. incognita and four tests in fields without M. incognita. GA 120R1B3 has a high level of resistance to M. incognita that is equivalent to that found in M-120 RNR, but GA 120R1B3 has significantly better lint percentage and fiber quality than M-120 RNR. GA 120R1B3 has a yield and fiber quality generally comparable to commercial cultivars and a lint percentage that was often greater than that of the commercial standards. GA 120R1B3 had good yield and excellent fiber quality in both the presence and absence of M. incognita. C1 [Davis, Richard F.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Chee, Peng W.; Lubbers, Edward L.] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [May, O. Lloyd] Monsanto Co, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Davis, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Richard.Davis@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; Georgia Cotton Commission FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA or the University of Georgia. The authors thank Cotton Incorporated and the Georgia Cotton Commission for partial support of this work. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 384 EP 387 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.09.0521crg PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100022 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Johnson, EOC AF Nelson, R. L. Johnson, E. O. C. TI Registration of Soybean Germplasm Line LG00-3372 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line LG00-3372 (Reg. No. GP-376, PI 660989) was developed and released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. LG00-3372 is derived from an F 5 plant from the cross PI 561319A x PI 574477 and is classified in late maturity group III. PI 561319A is an introduction from China that is not in the ancestry of any released germplasm or cultivar in the United States. PI 57447 is one of the parents of LG00-6313, a germplasm line also released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. In cooperative tests at 8 locations with private industry, 11 locations in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Northern States, Preliminary Test III, in 2003, and 18 locations in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Northern States, Uniform Test III, in 2004, LG00-3372 yielded 104, 105, and 102% of the cultivar 'Macon'. LG00-3372 is known to be susceptible to races 4 and 7 of Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann). LG00-3372 can be used as a parent for soybean breeding programs to provide new genetic diversity to improve the yield of U.S. cultivars. C1 [Nelson, R. L.; Johnson, E. O. C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dep Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM randall.nelson@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board [8232] FX We thank the United Soybean Board for financial support from USB Project 8232, Identification and Utilization of Exotic Germplasm to Improve Soybean Productivity. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 403 EP 405 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.10.0621crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100027 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Johnson, EOC AF Nelson, R. L. Johnson, E. O. C. TI Registration of Soybean Germplasm Line LG00-6313 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID IMPROVEMENT; DIVERSITY AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line LG00-6313 (Reg. No. GP-375, PI 660990) was developed and released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. LG00-6313 is the progeny of an F(5) plant from the cross PI 574480B x PI 574477. Both parents are Chinese cultivars that are not in the ancestry of any released germplasm or cultivar in the United States. LG00-6313 is classified as early maturity group IV. In cooperative tests at 4 locations with private industry, 7 locations in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Northern States, Preliminary Test IV (2002), and 15 locations in the Uniform Test IV (2003), LG00-6313 yielded 110, 102, and 99% of the highest yielding check in each test. LG00-6313 is known to be susceptible to races 4 and 7 of Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann). LG00-6313 can be used as a parent for soybean breeding programs to provide new genetic diversity to improve the yield of U.S. cultivars. C1 [Nelson, R. L.; Johnson, E. O. C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dep Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM randall.nelson@ars.usda.gov FU United Soybean Board [2110] FX We thank the United Soybean Board for financial support for USB Project 2110, Identification and Utilization of Exotic Germplasm to Improve Soybean Productivity, which provided significant resources used in the development of this line. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 406 EP 409 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.08.0493crg PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100028 ER PT J AU Mutti, JS Baenziger, PS Graybosch, RA French, R Gill, KS AF Mutti, Jasdeep S. Baenziger, P. Stephen Graybosch, Robert A. French, Roy Gill, Kulvinder S. TI Registration of Seven Winter Wheat Germplasm Lines Carrying the Wsm1 Gene for Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Resistance SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; MARKERS; PLANTS AB Seven winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines carrying the Wsm1 gene conferring resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV)-Alliance-Wsm1 (Reg. No. GP-858, PI 653710), Arrowsmith-Wsm1 (Reg. No. GP-859, PI 653711), Goodstreak-Wsm1 (Reg. No. GP-860, PI 653712), Harry-Wsm1 (Reg. No. GP-861, PI 653713), Millennium-Wsm1 (Reg. No. GP-862, PI 653714), Wahoo-Wsm1 (Reg. No. GP-863, PI 653715), and Wesley-Wsm1 (Reg. No. GP-864, PI 653716)-were codeveloped by Washington State University, Pullman, WA; the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and the USDA-ARS. These seven different winter wheat cultivars were selected to provide more sources of effective resistance to WSMV in winter wheat cultivars of Nebraska and adjoining states. Resistance to WSMV is conferred by the Wsm1 gene, which was translocated from Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey [Agropyron intermedium (Horst.) Beauv.] into wheat. The STSJ15 marker was used to select for the gene in the backcross progeny until the BC(4)F(1) generation. In BC(4)F(2) generation, screening for disease resistance was done using the Sidney 81 isolate of WSMV, along with the recurrent parents. Lines showing high levels of resistance to WSMV were further selected for seed increase and field evaluation. These lines may serve as a winter wheat source of WSMV resistance and may be used for gene pyramiding and for studying the effect of the Wsm1 gene in different backgrounds. C1 [Mutti, Jasdeep S.; Gill, Kulvinder S.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [French, Roy] Univ Nebraska, Dep Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gill, KS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ksgill@wsu.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 414 EP 417 DI 10.3198/jpr2010.03.0169crg PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 802OO UT WOS:000293521100030 ER PT J AU Nfon, CK Berhane, Y Hisanaga, T Zhang, SZ Handel, K Kehler, H Labrecque, O Lewis, NS Vincent, AL Copps, J Alexandersen, S Pasick, J AF Nfon, Charles K. Berhane, Yohannes Hisanaga, Tamiko Zhang, Shunzhen Handel, Katherine Kehler, Helen Labrecque, Olivia Lewis, Nicola S. Vincent, Amy L. Copps, John Alexandersen, Soren Pasick, John TI Characterization of H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses Circulating in Canadian Pigs in 2009 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; GENETIC EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; HUMANS; FARM; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; TRANSMISSION AB The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1), of apparent swine origin, may have evolved in pigs unnoticed because of insufficient surveillance. Consequently, the need for surveillance of influenza viruses circulating in pigs has received added attention. In this study we characterized H1N1 viruses isolated from Canadian pigs in 2009. Isolates from May 2009 were comprised of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA) genes of classical SIV origin in combination with the North American triple-reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette, here termed contemporary SIV (conSIV) H1N1. These conSIV H1N1 viruses were contiguous with the North American alpha H1 cluster, which was distinct from the pH1N1 isolates that were antigenically more related to the gamma H1 cluster. After the initial isolation of pH1N1 from an Alberta pig farm in early May 2009, pH1N1 was found several times in Canadian pigs. These pH1N1 isolates were genetically and antigenically homogeneous. In addition, H1N1 viruses bearing seasonal human H1 and N1 genes together with the TRIG cassette and an NA encoding an oseltamivir-resistance marker were isolated from pigs. The NS gene of one of these seasonal human-like SIV (shSIV) H1N1 isolates was homologous to pH1N1 NS, implicating reassortment between the two strains. Antigenic cross-reactivity was observed between pH1N1 and conSIV but not with shSIV H1N1. In summary, although there was cocirculation of pH1N1 with conSIV and shSIV H1N1 in Canadian pigs after May 2009, there was no evidence supporting the presence of pH1N1 in pigs prior to May 2009. The possibility for further reassortants being generated exists and should be closely monitored. C1 [Nfon, Charles K.; Berhane, Yohannes; Hisanaga, Tamiko; Zhang, Shunzhen; Handel, Katherine; Kehler, Helen; Copps, John; Alexandersen, Soren; Pasick, John] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. [Labrecque, Olivia] Lab Epidemiosurveillance Anim Quebec, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada. [Vincent, Amy L.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Lewis, Nicola S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. RP Pasick, J (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. EM john.pasick@inspection.gc.ca OI Alexandersen, Soren/0000-0002-5039-3178 FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency FX This project was funded by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 85 IS 17 BP 8667 EP 8679 DI 10.1128/JVI.00801-11 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 804AO UT WOS:000293626100020 PM 21697484 ER PT J AU Welch, TJ AF Welch, T. J. TI Rapid genotyping assays for the identification and differentiation of Yersinia ruckeri biotype 2 strains SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotype 2; genotyping assays; vaccine failure; Yersinia ruckeri ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WALBAUM AB Aims: To establish PCR-based assays for the rapid identification and differentiation of each of four known biotype 2 (BT2) phenotype-causing alleles in Yersinia ruckeri strains currently circulating in Europe and the United States. Methods and Results: Novel assays were developed relying on detection of mutant allele-specific changes in restriction enzyme cleavage sites within targeted PCR products. The developed assays were validated against isolates previously genotyped by DNA sequencing. Conclusions: The described methods were specific, rapid and simple to perform and interpret. Significance and Impact of the Study: The developed genotyping assays provide a valuable tool for identification and differentiation of specific BT2 strains of Y. ruckeri. These assays will be critical for the design and validation of new vaccines or other measures meant to control BT2 strains. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Welch, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim.welch@ars.usda.gov OI Welch, Tim/0000-0003-1096-3006 FU Agricultural Research Service [1930-32000-005-00D] FX The author would like to thank Drs Benjamin LaFrentz and Scott LaPatra for critical comments on the manuscript and Jennifer Harper for expert technical assistance. This work was supported by Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 1930-32000-005-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 53 IS 3 BP 383 EP 385 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03114.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 807QM UT WOS:000293914800021 PM 21722148 ER PT J AU O'Connor, DP Bray, MS Mcfarlin, BK Ellis, KJ Sailors, MH Jackson, AS AF O'Connor, Daniel P. Bray, Molly S. Mcfarlin, Brian K. Ellis, Kenneth J. Sailors, Mary H. Jackson, Andrew S. TI Ethnic Bias in Anthropometric Estimates of DXA Abdominal Fat: The TIGER Study SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE OBESITY; VISCERAL FAT; BODY COMPOSITION; LINEAR MODELS ID BODY-MASS INDEX; EXERCISE RESPONSE TIGER; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; HERITAGE FAMILY; VISCERAL FAT; BMI; OBESITY; SEX; PERCENTAGE; GENETICS AB O'CONNOR, D. P., M. S. BRAY, B. K. MCFARLIN, K. J. ELLIS, M. H. SAILORS, and A. S. JACKSON. Ethnic Bias in Anthropometric Estimates of DXA Abdominal Fat: The TIGER Study. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 1785-1790, 2011. Background/Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the race/ethnicity bias of using waist circumference (WC) to estimate abdominal fat. Methods: A total of 771 females and 484 males (17-35 yr) were tested one to three times during a prescribed 30-wk aerobic exercise program. The race/ethnicity distribution for women was non-Hispanic white, 29%; Hispanic, 25%; African American (AA), 35%; Asian Indian, 3%; and Asian, 8%. The distribution for men was non-Hispanic white, 37%; Hispanic, 26%; AA, 22%; Asian Indian, 5%; and Asian, 10%. Abdominal fat (L1-L5) was estimated from whole-body scanning using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA Abd-Fat). Results: DXA Abd-Fat varied by race/ethnicity after accounting for WC and height in both women and men. The increase in DXA Abd-Fat per increase in WC was lower in the Asian and Asian-Indian women than that in the other women. The increase in DXA Abd-Fat per increase in WC was higher in the AA men and lower in the Asian-Indian men than that in the other men. These differential race/ethnicity effects were most notable when WC exceeded approximate to 90 cm in the women and,100 cm in the men, values which are consistent with current definitions of abdominal obesity in the United States. Conclusions: Prediction equations for abdominal fat using WC that do not account for race/ethnicity group provide biased estimates. These results may affect assessment of disease risk from abdominal obesity among racial/ethnic groups. C1 [O'Connor, Daniel P.; Mcfarlin, Brian K.; Jackson, Andrew S.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Texas Obes Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [O'Connor, Daniel P.; Mcfarlin, Brian K.; Jackson, Andrew S.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Lab Integrated Physiol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Bray, Molly S.; Sailors, Mary H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Bray, Molly S.; Sailors, Mary H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. [Ellis, Kenneth J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Connor, DP (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Texas Obes Res Ctr, 3855 Holman St,GAR104, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM doconnor2@uh.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01DK062148] FX The project was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01DK062148 (MSB). NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1785 EP 1790 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318216d90f PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 808CK UT WOS:000293951800023 PM 21364481 ER PT J AU Shirk, AJ Cushman, SA AF Shirk, A. J. Cushman, S. A. TI sGD: software for estimating spatially explicit indices of genetic diversity SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE clinal population; genetic diversity; mountain goat; sampling method; simulation ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; CONSERVATION; HYPOTHESES; RESISTANCE; MODELS; FLOW AB Anthropogenic landscape changes have greatly reduced the population size, range and migration rates of many terrestrial species. The small local effective population size of remnant populations favours loss of genetic diversity leading to reduced fitness and adaptive potential, and thus ultimately greater extinction risk. Accurately quantifying genetic diversity is therefore crucial to assessing the viability of small populations. Diversity indices are typically calculated from the multilocus genotypes of all individuals sampled within discretely defined habitat patches or larger regional extents. Importantly, discrete population approaches do not capture the clinal nature of populations genetically isolated by distance or landscape resistance. Here, we introduce spatial Genetic Diversity (sGD), a new spatially explicit tool to estimate genetic diversity based on grouping individuals into potentially overlapping genetic neighbourhoods that match the population structure, whether discrete or clinal. We compared the estimates and patterns of genetic diversity using patch or regional sampling and sGD on both simulated and empirical populations. When the population did not meet the assumptions of an island model, we found that patch and regional sampling generally overestimated local heterozygosity, inbreeding and allelic diversity. Moreover, sGD revealed fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in genetic diversity that was not evident with patch or regional sampling. These advantages should provide a more robust means to evaluate the potential for genetic factors to influence the viability of clinal populations and guide appropriate conservation plans. C1 [Shirk, A. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere JISAO, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cushman, S. A.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Shirk, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere JISAO, Climate Impacts Grp, POB 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ashirk@u.washington.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 922 EP 934 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03035.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 807QW UT WOS:000293915800021 PM 21679313 ER PT J AU Lysoe, E Seong, KY Kistler, HC AF Lysoe, Erik Seong, Kye-Yong Kistler, H. Corby TI The Transcriptome of Fusarium graminearum During the Infection of Wheat SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; WHOLE GENOMES; IN-VITRO; PROTEINS; PLANTA; PATHOGENICITY; ANNOTATION; DISEASE; BARLEY AB Fusarium graminearum causes head blight disease in wheat and barley. To help understand the infection process on wheat, we studied global gene expression of E graminearum in a time series from 24 to 196 h after inoculation, compared with a noninoculated control. The infection was rapid and, after 48 h, over 4,000 fungal genes were expressed. The number of genes expressed increased over time up to 96 h (>8,000 genes), and then declined at the 144- and 192-h post-inoculation time points. After subtraction of genes found expressed on complete medium, during carbon or nitrogen starvation, and on barley, only 355 were found exclusively expressed in wheat, mostly genes with unknown function (72.6%). These genes were mainly found in single-nucleotide polymorphism-enriched islands on the chromosomes, suggesting a higher evolutionary selection pressure. The annotated genes were enriched in functional groups predicted to be involved in allantoin and allantoate transport, detoxification, nitrogen, sulfur and selenium metabolism, secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and degradation of polysaccharides and ester compounds. Several putative secreted virulence factors were also found expressed in wheat. C1 [Lysoe, Erik] Bioforsk Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, As, Norway. [Seong, Kye-Yong; Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lysoe, E (reprint author), Bioforsk Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, As, Norway. EM erik.lysoe@bioforsk.no FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2004-35604-14327]; Research Council of Norway [173277] FX We thank W. Xu and the University of Minnesota, Supercomputing Institute for advice and computing resources that made this study possible: K. Broz (United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease Laboratory) for outstanding technical assistance: S. S. Klemsdal (Bioforsk) for support; and U. Guldener (Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health) for assistance with MIPS Fun Cat analysis. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant 2004-35604-14327, and the BILAT project 173277 supported by the Research Council of Norway. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 24 IS 9 BP 995 EP 1000 DI 10.1094/MPMI-02-11-0038 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 807EU UT WOS:000293878600001 PM 21585270 ER PT J AU Lu, YJ Beeman, RW Campbell, JF Park, Y Aikins, MJ Mori, K Akasaka, K Tamogami, S Phillips, TW AF Lu, Yujie Beeman, Richard W. Campbell, James F. Park, Yoonseong Aikins, Michael J. Mori, Kenji Akasaka, Kazuaki Tamogami, Shigeyuki Phillips, Thomas W. TI Anatomical localization and stereoisomeric composition of Tribolium castaneum aggregation pheromones SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Chirality; 4,8-Dimethyldecanal; Insect; Red flour beetle; Tribolium; Chemical ecology; Stored grain ID RED FLOUR BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; CONFUSUM; CHIRALITY; BEHAVIOR; ANALOGS AB We report that the abdominal epidermis and associated tissues are the predominant sources of male-produced pheromones in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and, for the first time, describe the stereoisomeric composition of the natural blend of isomers of the aggregation pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal (DMD) in this important pest species. Quantitative analyses via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the average amount of DMD released daily by single feeding males of T. castaneum was 878 +/- 72 ng (SE). Analysis of different body parts identified the abdominal epidermis as the major source of aggregation pheromone; the thorax was a minor source, while no DMD was detectable in the head. No internal organs or obvious male-specific glands were associated with pheromone deposition. Complete separation of all four stereoisomers of DMD was achieved following oxidation to the corresponding acid, derivatization with (1R, 2R)- and (1S, 2S)-2-(anthracene-2,3-dicarboximido)cyclohexanol to diastereomeric esters, and their separation on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography at -54A degrees C. Analysis of the hexane eluate from Porapak-Q-collected volatiles from feeding males revealed the presence of all four isomers (4R,8R)/(4R,8S)/(4S,8R)/(4S,8S) at a ratio of approximately 4:4:1:1. A walking orientation bioassay in a wind tunnel with various blends of the four synthetic isomers further indicated that the attractive potency of the reconstituted natural blend of 4:4:1:1 was equivalent to that of the natural pheromone and greater than that of the 1:1 blend of (4R,8R)/(4R,8S) used in commercial lures. C1 [Lu, Yujie; Park, Yoonseong; Aikins, Michael J.; Phillips, Thomas W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lu, Yujie] Henan Univ Technol, Food & Grain Coll, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, Peoples R China. [Beeman, Richard W.; Campbell, James F.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Mori, Kenji] Toyo Gosei Co Ltd, Photosensit Mat Res Ctr, Inzai, Chiba 2701609, Japan. [Akasaka, Kazuaki] Shokei Gakuin Univ, Natori, Miyagi 9811295, Japan. [Tamogami, Shigeyuki] T Hasegawa Co Ltd, Tech Res Inst, Nakahara Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2110022, Japan. RP Phillips, TW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM twp1@ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012; Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA FX The authors thank Alain VanRyckeghem, Insects Limited, Westfield, IN, for providing an authentic standard of DMD as a GC standard, and David Hagstrum, Lee Cohnstaedt, and Jim Throne for constructive reviews. Partial funding for this research came from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture or Kansas State University. USDA is an equal-opportunity provider and employer. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD SEP PY 2011 VL 98 IS 9 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1007/s00114-011-0824-x PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 808HS UT WOS:000293969200005 PM 21814811 ER PT J AU McCulloh, KA Meinzer, FC Sperry, JS Lachenbruch, B Voelker, SL Woodruff, DR Domec, JC AF McCulloh, Katherine A. Meinzer, Frederick C. Sperry, John S. Lachenbruch, Barbara Voelker, Steven L. Woodruff, David R. Domec, Jean-Christophe TI Comparative hydraulic architecture of tropical tree species representing a range of successional stages and wood density SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Whole-plant hydraulic conductance; Wood anatomy; Wood density; Sap flux; Vessel diameter ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; SAP-FLOW; WATER-USE; NEOTROPICAL TREE; PONDEROSA PINE; SAVANNA TREES; GROWTH-RATES; WHOLE-PLANT; CARBON GAIN AB Plant hydraulic architecture (PHA) has been linked to water transport sufficiency, photosynthetic rates, growth form and attendant carbon allocation. Despite its influence on traits central to conferring an overall competitive advantage in a given environment, few studies have examined whether key aspects of PHA are indicative of successional stage, especially within mature individuals. While it is well established that wood density (WD) tends to be lower in early versus late successional tree species, and that WD can influence other aspects of PHA, the interaction of WD, successional stage and the consequent implications for PHA have not been sufficiently explored. Here, we studied differences in PHA at the scales of wood anatomy to whole-tree hydraulic conductance in species in early versus late successional Panamanian tropical forests. Although the trunk WD was indistinguishable between the successional groups, the branch WD was lower in the early successional species. Across all species, WD correlated negatively with vessel diameter and positively with vessel packing density. The ratio of branch:trunk vessel diameter, branch sap flux and whole-tree leaf-specific conductance scaled negatively with branch WD across species. Pioneer species showed greater sap flux in branches than in trunks and a greater leaf-specific hydraulic conductance, suggesting that pioneer species can move greater quantities of water at a given tension gradient. In combination with the greater water storage capacitance associated with lower WD, these results suggest these pioneer species can save on the carbon expenditure needed to build safer xylem and instead allow more carbon to be allocated to rapid growth. C1 [McCulloh, Katherine A.; Lachenbruch, Barbara; Voelker, Steven L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sperry, John S.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP McCulloh, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kate.mcculloh@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Voelker, Steven/O-2909-2014 FU National Science Foundation [IBN 99-05012, IBN 05-44470, IBN 09-19871] FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation grants IBN 99-05012 to FCM, IBN 05-44470 to KAM, FCM, JSS and BL, and IBN 09-19871 to KAM, FCM and BL. The authors are grateful to Oris Acevado, Belkys Jimenez, and Melida Ruiz-Dick for logistical assistance on BCI; Mirna Samaniego, Edwin Andrade and Jose Herrera for canopy crane logistics and operation; and Paula Campanello, Genoveva Gatti, Lucas Cernusak, Tom Kursar, Mike Tobin, Jim Wheeler and Klaus Winter for field assistance or logistical support in Panama. KAM is also thankful to Bill Becker and Matt Peterson for assistance with the anatomical measurements in Oregon. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2011 VL 167 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1973-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 807QE UT WOS:000293914000004 PM 21445684 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, James H. TI Specialist Osmia bees forage indiscriminately among hybridizing Balsamorhiza floral hosts SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Megachilidae; Asteraceae; Hybridization; Floral constancy; Ethological mating barrier ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FLOWER CONSTANCY; POLLINATION BIOLOGY; PLANT EVOLUTION; HYMENOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; SCROPHULARIACEAE; PATTERNS; APOIDEA; MEGACHILIDAE AB Pollinators, even floral generalists (=polyleges), typically specialize during individual foraging bouts, infrequently switching between floral hosts. Such transient floral constancy restricts pollen flow, and thereby gene flow, to conspecific flowers in mixed plant communities. Where incipient flowering species meet, however, weak cross-fertility and often similar floral traits can yield mixed reproductive outcomes among pollinator-dependent species. In these cases, floral constancy by polyleges sometimes serves as an ethological mating barrier. More often, their foraging infidelities instead facilitate host introgression and hybridization. Many other bee species are oligolectic (taxonomic specialists for pollen). Oligoleges could be more discriminating connoisseurs than polyleges when foraging among their limited set of related floral hosts. If true, greater foraging constancy might ensue, contributing to positive assortative mating and disruptive selection, thereby facilitating speciation among their interfertile floral hosts. To test this Connoisseur Hypothesis, nesting females of two species of oligolectic Osmia bees were presented with randomized mixed arrays of flowers of two sympatric species of their pollen host, Balsamorhiza, a genus known for hybridization. In a closely spaced grid, the females of both species preferred the larger flowered B. macrophylla, evidence for discrimination. However, both species' females showed no floral constancy whatsoever during their individual foraging bouts, switching randomly between species proportional to their floral preference. In a wider spaced array in which the bouquets reflected natural plant spacing, foraging oligolectic bees often transferred pollen surrogates (fluorescent powders) both between conspecific flowers (geitonogamy and xenogamy) and between the two Balsamorhiza species. The Connoisseur Hypothesis was therefore rejected. Foraging infidelity by these oligolectic Osmia bees will contribute to introgression and hybridization where interfertile species of Balsamorhiza meet and flower together. A literature review reveals that other plant genera whose species hybridize also attract numerous oligolectic bees, providing independent opportunities to test the generality of this conclusion. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Jim.Cane@ars.usda.gov FU USDI-BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative; USDA-FS Rocky Mountain Research Station FX I am grateful for the capable field assistance of Stephanie Miller, Glen Trostle, Daniel Sharp, and Charles Hutchins. Dale Nielson kindly provided nests of Osmia in 2009. Insightful reviews were kindly provided by Kristina Niovi Jones, an anonymous reviewer, and, in particular, Rebecca Irwin, who encouraged adding the pollen flow experiments. This research was partly supported by the Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project through the USDI-BLM Great Basin Restoration Initiative and the USDA-FS Rocky Mountain Research Station. All work reported here complies with the current laws of the USA. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2011 VL 167 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1977-1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 807QE UT WOS:000293914000011 PM 21468665 ER PT J AU Lee, JT Eckert, NH Ameiss, KA Stevens, SM Anderson, PN Anderson, SM Barri, A McElroy, AP Danforth, HD Caldwell, DJ AF Lee, J. T. Eckert, N. H. Ameiss, K. A. Stevens, S. M. Anderson, P. N. Anderson, S. M. Barri, A. McElroy, A. P. Danforth, H. D. Caldwell, D. J. TI The effect of dietary protein level on performance characteristics of coccidiosis vaccinated and nonvaccinated broilers following mixed-species Eimeria challenge SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; Eimeria; protein; vaccination ID ATTENUATED ANTICOCCIDIAL VACCINE; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; CRUDE PROTEIN; CHICKENS; TENELLA; TRIALS; IMMUNIZATION; PARASITES; BATTERY; LYSINE AB A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of starter diet protein levels on the performance of broilers vaccinated with a commercially available live oocyst coccidiosis vaccine before subsequent challenge with a mixed-species Eimeria challenge. Data indicated that an increasing protein concentration in the starter diet improved broiler performance during coccidiosis vaccination. Prechallenge performance data indicated that vaccination could decrease BW and increase feed conversion ratio. The time period most important for the observed effects appeared to be between 13 and 17 d of age. This reduction in performance parameters of vaccinated broilers compared with nonvaccinated broilers was eliminated by the conclusion of the experiments (27 d) in the diet groups with higher protein. Vaccination was effective at generating protective immunity against Eimeria challenge, as evidenced by increased (P < 0.05) BW gain, improved feed conversion, reduced postchallenge mortality, and reduced lesion development in vaccinated broilers compared with nonvaccinated broilers. These observations support numerous other reports that confirm live oocyst vaccination can be used effectively as a preventive against avian coccidiosis in commercially reared broilers. More important, these findings suggest that reduced protein concentration of starter diets can lead to significant losses in broiler performance when using a vaccination program to prevent coccidiosis. C1 [Lee, J. T.; Eckert, N. H.; Ameiss, K. A.; Stevens, S. M.; Anderson, P. N.; Anderson, S. M.; Caldwell, D. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McElroy, A. P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Danforth, H. D.] ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, DJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM caldwell@poultry.tamu.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1916 EP 1925 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01362 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 806ZH UT WOS:000293856600007 PM 21844255 ER PT J AU Rochell, SJ Kerr, BJ Dozier, WA AF Rochell, S. J. Kerr, B. J. Dozier, W. A., III TI Energy determination of corn co-products fed to broiler chicks from 15 to 24 days of age, and use of composition analysis to predict nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; co-product; distillers dried grains with solubles; energy prediction ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; AMINO-ACID DIGESTIBILITIES; NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; PHOSPHORUS BIOAVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT EXCRETION; GROWING PIGS; SOLUBLES; VALUES; WHEAT; EQUATIONS AB An experiment (3 trials) was conducted to determine the AME(n) of 15 corn co-products obtained from various wet and dry milling plants, and to develop prediction equations for AMEn based on chemical composition. Co-products included distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS, n = 6), high-protein distillers dried grains (n = 2), corn germ (n = 2), corn germ meal, corn bran with solubles, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, and dehulled, degermed corn. Treatments (15) consisted of 85% inclusion of the corn-soybean meal basal diet combined with a 15% inclusion of each corn co-product, as well as a control diet containing glucoseu H(2)O (15%) at the expense of the co-product. In each trial, Ross x Ross 708 chicks (10 birds per pen) were randomly assigned to 16 dietary treatments (12 replicate pens; 4 replicate pens per trial). After a 7-d diet acclimation period from 15 to 22 d of age, a 48-h total excreta collection was conducted for the determination of AME(n). Co-products were analyzed for gross energy, CP, moisture, crude fat, starch, crude fiber, ash, total dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose was determined by difference. Stepwise regression resulted in the following equation: AME(n), kcal/kg of DM = 3,517 + (46.02 x % crude fat, DM basis) - (82.47 x % ash, DM basis) ( 33.27 x % hemicellulose, DM basis) (R(2) = 0.89; SEM = 191; P <= 0.01). Removing hemicellulose from the model resulted in the following equation: AMEn, kcal/kg of DM = (-30.19 x % neutral detergent fiber, DM basis) + (0.81 x gross energy, kcal/kg of DM basis) ( 12.26 x % CP, DM basis) (R(2) = 0.87; SEM = 196; P <= 0.01). These results indicate that nutrient composition may be used to generate AMEn prediction equations for corn co-products fed to broiler chicks. C1 [Rochell, S. J.; Dozier, W. A., III] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bill.dozier@auburn.edu NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1999 EP 2007 DI 10.3382/ps.2011-01468 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 806ZH UT WOS:000293856600018 PM 21844266 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Anderson, KE Musgrove, MT AF Jones, D. R. Anderson, K. E. Musgrove, M. T. TI Comparison of environmental and egg microbiology associated with conventional and free-range laying hen management SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg microbiology; conventional cage; free-range; environmental; shell egg ID FURNISHED CAGES; HOUSING SYSTEMS; SHELL EGGS; CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA AB Eggs from alternative production practices are a growing niche in the market. Meeting consumer requests for greater diversity in retail egg options has resulted in some unique challenges such as understanding the food safety implications of eggs from alternative production practices. A study was conducted to determine what, if any, differences exist between nest run conventional cage-produced eggs and free range-produced eggs. A sister flock of brown egg layers was maintained in conventional cage and free-range production with egg and environmental sampling every 6 wk from 20 to 79 wk of age. Aerobic, coliform, and yeast and mold populations were monitored. Environmental microbial levels were not always indicative of egg contamination levels. When significant differences (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, dependent on season) were observed among treatments for coliforms, shell contamination levels of free-range nest box eggs and free-range floor eggs were always greater than those of conventional cage eggs, which remained low throughout the study (0.42-0.02 log cfu/mL). Shell yeast and mold levels were significantly greater in free-range floor eggs than in free-range nest box eggs and conventional cage eggs throughout the entire study. Egg contents contamination levels were extremely low for all monitored populations and treatments. Season of the year played a role in both environmental and egg microbial levels. Winter had the lowest levels of all populations monitored for all treatments, except for aerobic free-range floor egg shell emulsions, which were increased (3.6 log cfu/mL). Understanding the differences in microbial populations present on conventional cage-produced and free range-produced eggs can lead to the development of effective cleaning procedures, enhancing food safety. C1 [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Deana.Jones@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2063 EP 2068 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-01139 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 806ZH UT WOS:000293856600026 PM 21844274 ER PT J AU Sawhney, P Reynolds, M Condon, B Slopek, R Allen, C AF Sawhney, Paul Reynolds, Michael Condon, Brian Slopek, Ryan Allen, Chuck TI A comparative study of nonwoven fabrics made with two distinctly different forms of greige cotton lint SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Classical greige cotton lint; Pre-cleaned greige cotton lint; Processing; Nonwoven fabrics; Properties; Finishing ID FIBER AB Two sets of nonwoven fabrics of nominal density, 80 g/m(2), have been produced on the pilot plant equipment comparable to that used in commercial production, using two different forms of greige (non-bleached) cotton lint. One was regular cotton taken from a randomly picked classical bale and the other was mechanically pre-cleaned cotton produced by a well known US cotton producer and ginner. The fabrics were produced by using a pre-needling, needlepunch system and a hydroentanglement system. Some of the fabric in each set was scoured only and some was both scoured and bleached. All the fabrics were tested for a comparison of their typical physical and mechanical properties, which, along with the fiber and fabric processing metrics, are discussed in this article. The information obtained from this comparative study has shown that although both the regular and the pre-cleaned greige cottons can be satisfactorily processed on the conventional cotton opening, cleaning and carding equipment to ultimately produce acceptable nonwoven fabrics, the pre-cleaned cotton may be processed without the traditional cotton cleaning/carding equipment that is not available at almost all nonwovens manufacturing entities today. A 'nonwovens card' (i.e., without the revolving flats) should be adequate to efficiently card the pre-cleaned greige cotton, since the latter is indeed very clean to start with. C1 [Sawhney, Paul; Reynolds, Michael; Condon, Brian; Slopek, Ryan; Allen, Chuck] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sawhney, P (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ap.singh@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 81 IS 14 BP 1484 EP 1492 DI 10.1177/0040517511402129 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 809BW UT WOS:000294026700008 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Thibodeaux, D Gamble, G AF Liu, Yongliang Thibodeaux, Devron Gamble, Gary TI Development of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in direct, non-destructive, and rapid determination of cotton fiber maturity SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FTIR Spectroscopy; ATR; Cotton maturity; Immature cotton fibers; Image analysis; AFIS ID RAY-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CELL-WALL; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; CELLULOSE; FINENESS; MICROSCOPY; RAMAN AB Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of seed and lint cottons were collected to explore the potential for the discrimination of immature cottons from mature ones and also for the determination of actual cotton maturity. Spectral features of immature and mature cottons revealed large differences in the 900-1200 cm(1) region, and such spectral distinctions formed the basis on which to develop a simple three-band ratio algorithm for classification analysis. Next, an additional formula was created to assess the degree of cotton fiber maturity by converting the three-band ratios into an appropriate FTIR maturity (M(IR)) index. Furthermore, the M(IR) index was compared with parameters derived from traditional image analysis (IA) and advanced fiber information system (AFIS) measurements. Results indicated strong correlations (R(2) > 0.89) between M(IR) and M(AFIS) and between M(IR) and M(IA) among either International Cotton Calibration standards or selected cotton maturity references. On the other hand, low correlations between the pairs were observed among regular cotton fibers, which likely resulted from the heterogeneous distribution of structural, physical, and chemical characteristics in cotton fibers and subsequent different sampling specimens for individual and independent measurement. C1 [Liu, Yongliang; Thibodeaux, Devron; Gamble, Gary] ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 81 IS 15 BP 1559 EP 1567 DI 10.1177/0040517511410107 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 809PO UT WOS:000294069400005 ER PT J AU Slopek, R Condon, B Sawhney, P Reynolds, M Allen, C AF Slopek, Ryan Condon, Brian Sawhney, Paul Reynolds, Michael Allen, Chuck TI Adsorption of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride on differently pretreated non-woven cotton substrates SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adsorption isotherms; cationic surfactant; cotton non-wovens ID SURFACTANT ADSORPTION; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACE; CELLULOSE SURFACES; FABRICS AB The adsorption of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (ADBAC), a cationic surfactant commonly employed as an antimicrobial agent, on greige, alkaline scoured, and bleached non-woven cotton fabrics was investigated at varying surfactant concentrations using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Results show greige cotton non-wovens adsorb roughly three times the ADBAC in aqueous solution than bleached cotton and 1.5 times more than scoured cotton non-wovens. At a constant ADBAC concentration of 0.625 g/l, the rate of surfactant adsorption approached equilibrium after 35 minutes in all fabrics studied. Increasing surfactant concentration increased the total mass of ADBAC exhausted onto the cotton fabrics at equilibrium. Adsorption of ADBAC on cotton fabrics can be attributed to bulk entrapment, dispersion forces, and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Polyester fiber was blended with greige and bleached cotton fibers to further elucidate the adsorption of ADBAC. A linear decrease in the amount of surfactant exhausted was observed as the amount of polyester added to the blend was increased. This indicates that the adsorption of ADBAC on cotton fabrics is primarily an effect of surface interactions of the cotton fiber with the surfactant molecules rather than absorption via bulk entrapment. The results of this research can aid in the development of cotton-based antimicrobial wipes. C1 [Slopek, Ryan; Condon, Brian; Sawhney, Paul; Reynolds, Michael; Allen, Chuck] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Slopek, R (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Brian.Condon@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 81 IS 15 BP 1617 EP 1624 DI 10.1177/0040517511407373 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 809PO UT WOS:000294069400010 ER PT J AU Jones, M Boyd, E Redinbaugh, M AF Jones, Mark W. Boyd, Emily C. Redinbaugh, Margaret G. TI Responses of maize (Zea mays L.) near isogenic lines carrying Wsm1, Wsm2, and Wsm3 to three viruses in the Potyviridae SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DWARF-MOSAIC-VIRUS; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; LOCI CONFERRING RESISTANCE; YELLOW-MOTTLE-VIRUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SCMV RESISTANCE; GENETIC-BASIS; AFLP MARKERS; SWEET CORN AB Genes on chromosomes six (Wsm1), three (Wsm2) and ten (Wsm3) in the maize (Zea mays L.) inbred line Pa405 control resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), and the same or closely linked genes control resistance to Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Near isogenic lines (NIL) carrying one or two of the genes were developed by introgressing regions of the respective chromosomes into the susceptible line Oh28 and tested for their responses to WSMV, MDMV, and SCMV in the field and greenhouse. F(1) progeny from NIL x Oh28 were also tested. Wsm1, or closely linked genes, provided resistance to all three viruses, as determined by symptom incidence and severity. Wsm2 and Wsm3 provided resistance to WSMV. Wsm2 and/or Wsm3 provided no resistance to MDMV, but significantly increased resistance in plants with one Wsm1 allele. NIL carrying Wsm1, Wsm2, or Wsm3 had similar SCMV resistance in the field, but NIL with Wsm2 and Wsm3 were not resistant in the greenhouse. Addition of Wsm2 to Wsm1 increased SCMV resistance in the field. For all viruses, symptom incidence was higher in the greenhouse than in the field, and relative disease severity was higher in the greenhouse for WSMV and MDMV. An Italian MDMV isolate and the Ohio SCMV infected the Wsm1 NIL, while the Ohio MDMV and Seehausen SCMV isolates did not. Our results indicate that the three genes, or closely linked loci, provide virus resistance. Resistance conferred by the three genes is influenced by interactions among the genes, the virus species, the virus isolate, and the environment. C1 [Jones, Mark W.; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Boyd, Emily C.; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Redinbaugh, M (reprint author), ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM peg.redinbaugh@ars.usda.gov RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 123 IS 5 BP 729 EP 740 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1622-8 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 807OK UT WOS:000293909000005 PM 21667271 ER PT J AU Pham, AT Lee, JD Shannon, JG Bilyeu, KD AF Anh-Tung Pham Lee, Jeong-Dong Shannon, J. Grover Bilyeu, Kristin D. TI A novel FAD2-1 A allele in a soybean plant introduction offers an alternate means to produce soybean seed oil with 85% oleic acid content SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEBHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; LINOLENIC ACID; MUTANT ALLELES; DESATURASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; GMFAD2-1A; STABILITY; PROMOTER; DISEASE; TRAITS AB The alteration of fatty acid profiles in soybean to improve soybean oil quality has been a long-time goal of soybean researchers. Soybean oil with elevated oleic acid is desirable because this monounsaturated fatty acid improves the nutrition and oxidative stability of soybean oil compared to other oils. In the lipid biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) is responsible for the conversion of oleic acid precursors to linoleic acid precursors in developing soybean seeds. Two genes encoding FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B were identified to be expressed specifically in seeds during embryogenesis and have been considered to hold an important role in controlling the seed oleic acid content. A total of 22 soybean plant introduction (PI) lines identified to have an elevated oleic acid content were characterized for sequence mutations in the FAD 2-1A and FAD2-1B genes. PI 603452 was found to contain a deletion of a nucleotide in the second exon of FAD2-1A. These important SNPs were used in developing molecular marker genotyping assays. The assays appear to be a reliable and accurate tool to identify the FAD 2-1A and FAD2-1B genotype of wild-type and mutant plants. PI 603452 was subsequently crossed with PI 283327, a soybean line that has a mutation in FAD2-1B. Interestingly, soybean lines carrying both homozygous insertion/deletion mutation (indel) FAD2-1A alleles and mutant FAD2-1B alleles have an average of 82-86% oleic acid content, compared to 20% in conventional soybean, and low levels of linoleic and linolenic acids. The newly identified indel mutation in the FAD2-1A gene offers a simple method for the development of high oleic acid commercial soybean varieties. C1 [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Anh-Tung Pham] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Jeong-Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Shannon, J. Grover] Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kristin.bilyeu@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 123 IS 5 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1627-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 807OK UT WOS:000293909000009 PM 21681491 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC King, KW Fausey, NR AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. King, Kevin W. Fausey, Norman R. TI Influence of herbaceous riparian buffers on physical habitat, water chemistry, and stream communities within channelized agricultural headwater streams SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Filter strip; Agriculture; Headwater streams; Fishes; Amphibians; Conservation practices ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; FISH COMMUNITIES; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION; AREAS; ESTABLISHMENT; METAANALYSIS; MISSISSIPPI AB Herbaceous riparian buffers (CP 21 grass filter strips) are a widely used agricultural conservation practice in the United States for reducing nutrient, pesticide, and sediment loadings to agricultural streams. The ecological impacts of herbaceous riparian buffers on the channelized agricultural headwater streams that are common throughout the midwestern United States have not been evaluated. We sampled riparian habitat, geomorphology, instream habitat, water chemistry, fishes, and amphibians for 4 years from three channelized agricultural headwater streams without herbaceous riparian buffers and three channelized streams with herbaceous riparian buffers in central Ohio. Only seven of 55 response variables exhibited differences between buffer types. Riparian widths were greater in channelized headwater streams with herbaceous riparian buffers than streams without herbaceous riparian buffers. Percent insectivores and minnows were greater in channelized streams without herbaceous riparian buffers than streams with herbaceous riparian buffers. Percent clay, turbidity, specific conductance, and pH differed between buffer types only during one sampling period. No differences in geomorphology and amphibian communities occurred between buffer types. Our results suggest channelized agricultural headwater streams with and without herbaceous riparian buffers are similar physically, chemically, and biologically. Installation of herbaceous riparian buffers alone adjacent to channelized agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio and other parts of the midwestern United States may only provide limited environmental benefits for these stream ecosystems in the first 4-6 years after establishment. Alternative implementation designs combining the use of herbaceous riparian buffers with other practices capable of altering nutrient and pesticide loads, riparian hydrology, and instream habitat are needed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smiley, Peter C., Jr.; King, Kevin W.; Fausey, Norman R.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rocky.smiley@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1314 EP 1323 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.020 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 804VI UT WOS:000293681700007 ER PT J AU Johnson, DD Davies, KW Schreder, PT Chamberlain, AM AF Johnson, Dustin D. Davies, Kirk W. Schreder, Peter T. Chamberlain, Anna-Marie TI Perceptions of Ranchers About Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski) Management on Sagebrush Steppe Rangelands SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Exotic annual grasses; Invasive plant management; Rancher perceptions; Sagebrush steppe; Invasive species awareness ID SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS; IMPACTS; POACEAE; PLANTS AB Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski) is an exotic annual grass invading rangelands in the western United States. Medusahead is a serious management concern because it decreases biodiversity, reduces livestock forage production, and degrades the ecological function of rangelands. Despite the obvious importance of ranchers as partners in preventing and managing medusahead in rangelands, little is known about their perceptions and behaviors concerning medusahead management. We present the results of a survey of ranchers operating on sagebrush steppe rangeland in a three-county area in southeast Oregon encompassing over 7.2 million ha. The primary objective of this research was to determine if the presence of medusahead on a ranch influenced its operator's perceptions and behaviors concerning invasive plant control and prevention. Ranchers operating on medusahead-infested rangeland were more likely to indicate increased awareness and concern about medusahead and the potential for its continued expansion. Ranchers operating on rangeland invaded by medusahead were also more likely to indicate use of measures to prevent the spread of medusahead and other invasive plants on rangeland, interest in educational opportunities concerning invasive annual grass management, and plans for controlling invasive annual grasses in the future. This study revealed an alarming trend in which individuals are less likely to implement important prevention measures and participate in education opportunities to improve their knowledge of invasive plants until they directly experience the negative consequences of invasion. Information campaigns on invasive plants and their impacts may rectify this problem; however, appropriate delivery methods are critical for success. Web- or computer-based invasive plant information and tools were largely unpopular among ranchers, whereas traditional forms of information delivery including brochures/pamphlets and face-to-face interaction were preferred. However, in the future web- or computer-based information may become more popular as ranchers become more familiar with them. C1 [Johnson, Dustin D.; Schreder, Peter T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Chamberlain, Anna-Marie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ontario, OR USA. RP Johnson, DD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, 450 N Buena Vista Ave, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM Dustin.Johnson@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State University Extension Service; Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center; Harney County, Lake County, and Malheur County Cooperative Weed Management Areas FX The authors would like to thank Chad Boyd, Brenda Smith, and anonymous reviewers who provided useful reviews of this manuscript. The authors also thank Bruce Mackey (ARS Statistician) for his assistance with the statistical analyses. The authors wish to acknowledge that funding was generously provided by the Oregon State University Extension Service, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, and the Harney County, Lake County, and Malheur County Cooperative Weed Management Areas. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 400 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9703-7 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804EF UT WOS:000293636400003 PM 21706381 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, SM Stidham, M Toman, E Shindler, B AF McCaffrey, Sarah M. Stidham, Melanie Toman, Eric Shindler, Bruce TI Outreach Programs, Peer Pressure, and Common Sense: What Motivates Homeowners to Mitigate Wildfire Risk? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Defensible space; Mitigation; Wildfire management; Outreach programs; Maintenance ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; DEFENSIBLE SPACE; FIRE; PERCEPTIONS; RESPONSIBILITY; STRATEGIES; FORESTS; HAZARD; VALUES; US AB In recent years, altered forest conditions, climate change, and the increasing numbers of homes built in fire prone areas has meant that wildfires are affecting more people. An important part of minimizing the potential negative impacts of wildfire is engaging homeowners in mitigating the fire hazard on their land. It is therefore important to understand what makes homeowners more or less willing to take action. The research presented here comes from a study that interviewed a total of 198 homeowners in six communities in the western United States about the activities they had undertaken to mitigate their fire risk, the factors that contributed to their decisions, and their future intentions. The current paper reports on findings from the first half of the longitudinal study, after 3 years we will return to interview the current homeowner on the same properties to assess maintenance actions and facilitating and limiting factors. Overall we found a body of individuals who understand the fire risk, are taking numerous mitigation actions, and think that these actions have reduced their risk. These homeowners typically did not expect the government to do it for them: they wanted information about what to do and, in some cases, assistance with the work, but saw taking care of their property primarily as their responsibility. Responses also show that key information sources and motivating factors vary by location and that it is not inherently necessary to have relationships between community members to create defensible space. C1 [McCaffrey, Sarah M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Stidham, Melanie; Shindler, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Toman, Eric] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McCaffrey, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM smccaffrey@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX The authors would like to acknowledge the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station for providing funding for this project. The authors also express thanks to Jim Bennett, Stacey Sargent Frederick, Angela Mallon, and Patrick Shannon for their help with data collection as well as to all the property owners who participated in this study. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 475 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9704-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804EF UT WOS:000293636400008 PM 21706380 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Nafus, AM AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jon D. Nafus, Aleta M. TI Are There Benefits to Mowing Wyoming Big Sagebrush Plant Communities? An Evaluation in Southeastern Oregon SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Annual grass; Artemisia tridentata; Bromus tectorum; Brush control; Brush management; Sage-grouse ID SAGE-GROUSE HABITAT; TRIDENTATA SSP WYOMINGENSIS; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GRASS RANGE; VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; GREAT-BASIN; INVASION; STEPPE AB Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) communities frequently are mowed in an attempt to increase perennial herbaceous vegetation. However, there is limited information as to whether expected benefits of mowing are realized when applied to Wyoming big sagebrush communities with intact understory vegetation. We compared vegetation and soil nutrient concentrations in mowed and undisturbed reference plots in Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities at eight sites for three years post-treatment. Mowing generally did not increase perennial herbaceous vegetation cover, density, or biomass production (P > 0.05). Annual forbs and exotic annual grasses were generally greater in the mowed compared to the reference treatment (P < 0.05). By the third year post-treatment annual forb and annual grass biomass production was more than nine and sevenfold higher in the mowed than reference treatment, respectively. Our results imply that the application of mowing treatments in Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities does not increase perennial herbaceous vegetation, but may increase the risk that exotic annual grasses will dominate the herbaceous vegetation. We suggest that mowing Wyoming big sagebrush communities with intact understories does not produce the expected benefits. However, the applicability of our results to Wyoming big sagebrush communities with greater sagebrush cover and/or degraded understories needs to be evaluated. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jon D.; Nafus, Aleta M.] ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Burns, OR 97220 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97220 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA - Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank summer students for their assistance in implementing and collecting data for this experiment. The authors also thank Burns-District Bureau of Land Management for providing land for this research project and applying the treatments. The USDA - Agricultural Research Service provided all additional funds to conduct this research. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9715-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804EF UT WOS:000293636400013 PM 21755343 ER PT J AU Seekamp, E Cerveny, LK McCreary, A AF Seekamp, Erin Cerveny, Lee K. McCreary, Allie TI Institutional, Individual, and Socio-Cultural Domains of Partnerships: A Typology of USDA Forest Service Recreation Partners SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Natural resources management; Cognitive mapping; Pile sort method; Partnership typology; Multidimensional scaling; Motivations ID ORGANIZATIONS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK AB Federal land management agencies, such as the USDA Forest Service, have expanded the role of recreation partners reflecting constrained growth in appropriations and broader societal trends towards civic environmental governance. Partnerships with individual volunteers, service groups, commercial outfitters, and other government agencies provide the USDA Forest Service with the resources necessary to complete projects and meet goals under fiscal constraints. Existing partnership typologies typically focus on collaborative or strategic alliances and highlight organizational dimensions (e.g., structure and process) defined by researchers. This paper presents a partner typology constructed from USDA Forest Service partnership practitioners' conceptualizations of 35 common partner types. Multidimensional scaling of data from unconstrained pile sorts identified 3 distinct cultural dimensions of recreation partners-specifically, partnership character, partner impact, and partner motivations-that represent institutional, individual, and socio-cultural cognitive domains. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis provides further insight into the various domains of agency personnel's conceptualizations. While three dimensions with high reliability (RSQ = 0.83) and corresponding hierarchical clusters illustrate commonality between agency personnel's partnership suppositions, this study also reveals variance in personnel's familiarity and affinity for specific partnership types. This real-world perspective on partner types highlights that agency practitioners not only make strategic choices when selecting and cultivating partnerships to accomplish critical task, but also elect to work with partners for the primary purpose of providing public service and fostering land stewardship. C1 [Seekamp, Erin; McCreary, Allie] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Seekamp, E (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, 1205 Lincoln Dr,MC 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM eseekamp@siu.edu FU National Partnership Office (USDA Forest Service); USDA Forest Service Research and Development (R&D) Division (Pacific Northwest Research Station) FX The authors thank the many forest supervisors, recreation managers, partnership coordinators, and other agency staff for taking time to participate in this study and share their ideas about partnerships. We also acknowledge the National Partnership Office (USDA Forest Service) for providing the impetus for this study and ongoing support. This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service Research and Development (R&D) Division (Pacific Northwest Research Station). NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 615 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9695-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804EF UT WOS:000293636400020 PM 21710222 ER PT J AU Cerveny, LK Blahna, DJ Stern, MJ Mortimer, MJ Predmore, SA Freeman, J AF Cerveny, Lee K. Blahna, Dale J. Stern, Marc J. Mortimer, Michael J. Predmore, S. Andrew Freeman, James TI The Use of Recreation Planning Tools in US Forest Service NEPA Assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Recreation planning; National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); US Forest Service; Travel management ID ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY ACT; SCIENCE AB U.S. Forest Service managers are required to incorporate social and biophysical science information in planning and environmental analysis. The use of science is mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act, the National Forest Management Act, and U.S. Forest Service planning rules. Despite the agency's emphasis on 'science-based' decision-making, little is known about how science is actually used in recreation planning and management. This study investigated the perceptions of Forest Service interdisciplinary (ID) team leaders for 106 NEPA projects dealing with recreation and travel management between 2005 and 2008. Our survey data show how managers rate the importance of social and biophysical science compared to other potential 'success factors' in NEPA assessments. We also explore how team leaders value and use multi-disciplinary tools for recreation-related assessments. Results suggest that managers employ a variety of recreation planning tools in NEPA projects, but there appears to be no common understanding or approach for how or when these tools are incorporated. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) was the most frequently used planning tool, but the Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) framework was the most consistently valued tool by those who used it. We recommend further evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of each planning tool and future development of procedures to select appropriate planning tools for use in recreation-related NEPA assessments. C1 [Cerveny, Lee K.; Blahna, Dale J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Stern, Marc J.; Predmore, S. Andrew] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mortimer, Michael J.] Virginia Tech Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. [Freeman, James] Phase One Consulting, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Cerveny, LK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 400 NW 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM lcerveny@fs.fed.us OI Stern, Marc/0000-0002-0294-8941 FU Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service FX We thank the Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service for providing funding for the project and the many team leaders who devoted their time to respond to the survey and follow-up interviews. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 644 EP 657 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9701-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804EF UT WOS:000293636400022 PM 21739344 ER PT J AU Niu, C Lu, YZ Yuan, YL Percy, RG Ulloa, M Zhang, JF AF Niu, Chen Lu, Yingzhi Yuan, Youlu Percy, Richard G. Ulloa, Mauricio Zhang, Jinfa TI Mapping resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in cultivated tetraploid cotton using RGA-AFLP analysis SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Linkage map; Recombinant inbred line (RIL); Resistance gene analogs (RGAs); RGA-AFLP ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; UPLAND COTTON; LINKAGE MAP; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB Diseases cause significant losses in cotton production throughout the US Cotton Belt. Growing resistant cultivars can significantly improve cotton yields and effectively reduce production inputs. Disease resistance (R) genes have been isolated in numerous plant species and the R genes with domains of nucleotide binding sites (NB) and leucine rich repeats (LRR) represent the largest R gene family. Degenerate primers designed based on conserved motifs of plant disease resistance genes were used alone or in combination with AFLP primers to analyze disease resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Pima (Gossypium barbadense) 3-79 and Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) line NM 24016. Eighty-eight polymorphic RGA markers were amplified by 8 pairs of RGA degenerate primers, while 131 polymorphic RGA-AFLP markers were produced from six pairs of RGA-AFLP primer combinations. Of the 219 polymorphic RGA and RGA-AFLP markers that were identified, 212 were assigned to 18 chromosomes and linkage groups based on existing SSR markers that are on known chromosomes. However, the RGA and RGA-AFLP markers are not evenly distributed among chromosomes in that 189 RGA and RGA-AFLP markers (88%) are assigned onto three "giant" chromosomes, i.e., C6, C12, and C15, suggesting RGA clusters in the cotton genome. Several RGA and RGA-AFLP markers were mapped to the same linkage group carrying a root-knot nematode resistance gene. The identification and mapping of RGA and RGA-AFLP markers provide a framework to facilitate marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in cotton breeding and to understand the physical relationship of cotton resistance genes. C1 [Niu, Chen; Lu, Yingzhi; Yuan, Youlu; Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Yuan, Youlu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, China Cotton Res Inst, Anyang 455112, Henan, Peoples R China. [Percy, Richard G.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ulloa, Mauricio] ARS, USDA, WICS, Res Unit,Cotton Enhancement Program, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu FU Cotton Incorporated, Cary, N.C., USA; United States Department of Agriculture; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported in part by grants from Cotton Incorporated, Cary, N.C., USA; the United States Department of Agriculture; and the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 69 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2011 VL 181 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0421-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 805PU UT WOS:000293742300006 ER PT J AU Hinze, LL Campbell, BT Kohel, RJ AF Hinze, Lori L. Campbell, B. Todd Kohel, Russell J. TI Performance and combining ability in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) populations with diverse parents SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Diallel; Fiber length; Fiber strength; Gossypium hirsutum L. ID STAPLE UPLAND COTTON; FIBER LENGTH; LINT YIELD; REGISTRATION; COMPONENTS; PERCENTAGE; SELECTION; STRENGTH; BOLL AB Improving fiber quality properties of cotton is important for increasing the efficiency of manufacturing textiles, including enhancing yarn quality and spinning performance. This study was conducted to determine if we could identify valuable cotton cultivars to use as parents in breeding programs with the goal of improving fiber properties. Seven parents were combined in a diallel design and selfed to obtain 21 F(2) populations. Positive general and specific combining ability effects were observed for all traits. General combining ability tended to be larger than specific combining ability, indicating these traits are controlled primarily by additive genetic effects. Correlations among traits were generally positive except for lint yield correlations with fiber strength and length. For improving the fiber quality measures of strength and length, line 7235 shows excellent general combining ability effects. SG125 would provide elite germplasm to increase agronomic measures of lint yield and lint percent. The MD51 genotype has the highest potential among the genotypes tested here to provide germplasm combining both improved yield and fiber strength. These parents, or their selected progeny, should be useful in a breeding program to generate variability from which selection can be used to identify lines with improved fiber and/or agronomic properties. C1 [Hinze, Lori L.; Kohel, Russell J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hinze, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Lori.Hinze@ars.usda.gov OI Hinze, Lori L/0000-0003-3356-1245 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [6202-21000-031-00D] FX This research project was supported by funding from CRIS No. 6202-21000-031-00D of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The authors gratefully acknowledge Shizhou (Shirley) Wang, Jared Harris, and Kelsey Hoegenauer for their invaluable technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2011 VL 181 IS 1 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s10681-011-0442-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 805PU UT WOS:000293742300010 ER PT J AU Nam, S Parikh, DV Condon, BD Zhao, Q Yoshioka-Tarver, M AF Nam, Sunghyun Parikh, Dharnidhar V. Condon, Brian D. Zhao, Qi Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi TI Importance of poly(ethylene glycol) conformation for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticle; Poly(ethylene glycol); Chain conformation; PFG (1)H NMR; Self-diffusion coefficient; Viscosity; Antimicrobial properties ID ENTANGLED POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; POLYOL PROCESS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; MECHANISM; DISPERSIONS; REDUCTION; GROWTH; DMF; COMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS AB Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) as a precursor in an aqueous solution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which acted as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The UV/Vis spectra showed that PEG 100 (100 kg/mol) has a remarkable capability to produce silver NPs at 80 A degrees C, but the production of silver NPs by both PEG 2 (2 kg/mol) and PEG 35 (35 kg/mol) was negligible. This difference was explained by the conformation of PEG in the reaction solution: the entangled conformation for PEG 100 and the single-coiled conformation for PEG 2 and PEG 35, which were confirmed by pulse-field-gradient (1)H NMR and viscosity measurements. In an aqueous solution, the entangled conformation of PEG 100 facilitated the reduction reaction by caging silver ions and effectively prevented the agglomeration of formed NPs. The reaction in an aqueous PEG 100 solution was observed to be stable under the conditions of a prolonged reaction time or an increased temperature, while no reduction reaction occurred in the PEG 2 solution. The synthesis of silver NPs by PEG 100 was well controlled to produce fine silver NPs with 3.68 +/- A 1.03 nm in diameter, the size of which remained relatively constant throughout the reaction. C1 [Nam, Sunghyun; Parikh, Dharnidhar V.; Condon, Brian D.; Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Zhao, Qi] Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Nam, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sunghyun.nam@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 13 IS 9 BP 3755 EP 3764 DI 10.1007/s11051-011-0297-z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 806AQ UT WOS:000293773700017 ER PT J AU Redmond, JS Baez-Sandoval, GM Spell, KM Spencer, TE Lents, CA Williams, GL Amstalden, M AF Redmond, J. S. Baez-Sandoval, G. M. Spell, K. M. Spencer, T. E. Lents, C. A. Williams, G. L. Amstalden, M. TI Developmental Changes in Hypothalamic Kiss1 Expression during Activation of the Pulsatile Release of Luteinising Hormone in Maturing Ewe Lambs SO JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE puberty; kisspeptin; GnRH; LH; neuropeptides ID RIBONUCLEIC-ACID EXPRESSION; MONKEY MACACA-MULATTA; FEMALE RHESUS-MONKEY; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; GONADOTROPIN-SECRETION; ENDOCRINE MECHANISMS; IMMUNOREACTIVE CELLS; PUBERTAL INCREASE; MEDIAN-EMINENCE; PREOPTIC AREA AB Onset of puberty is characterised by a marked increase in the frequency of release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone (LH). The Kiss1 gene plays a critical role in pubertal development, and its product, kisspeptin, stimulates GnRH and LH release. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Kiss1 gene expression in the preoptic area (POA) and hypothalamus increases during maturation of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis in association with increased LH pulsatility. Ovariectomised, oestradiol-replaced lambs were euthanised at 25, 30 and 35 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected before euthanasia to characterise the pattern of LH release. Kiss1 mRNA was detected in coronal sections of the POA and hypothalamus and Kiss1-expressing cells were identified on the basis of silver grain density. The mean number of Kiss1-expressing cells in the POA/periventricular (PeV) areas increased from 25 to 30 weeks of age. No further increase at 35 weeks of age was observed, and the changes in Kiss1 expression in the POA/PeV were independent of changes in LH pulse frequency. The mean number of Kiss1-expressing cells in the arcuate (ARC) nucleus did not differ among age groups, although it was greater in the middle ARC of lambs exhibiting increased frequency of LH release. The density of silver grains per cell did not differ among groups in any of the areas studied. The results obtained indicate that the Kiss1 gene is activated in the POA/PeV and ARC of ewe lambs during juvenile development, and that kisspeptin neurones in the middle ARC, in particular, are involved in the acceleration of pulsatile LH release during maturation of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis in ewe lambs. C1 [Redmond, J. S.; Baez-Sandoval, G. M.; Spell, K. M.; Spencer, T. E.; Williams, G. L.; Amstalden, M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lents, C. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Williams, G. L.] Texas AgriLife Res, Beeville, TX USA. RP Amstalden, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM m.amstalden@tamu.edu RI Baez, Giovanni/E-7758-2013; OI Spencer, Thomas/0000-0003-2815-766X FU National University of Colombia, Bogota; Texas AgriLife Research; [TEX09202] FX The authors would like to thank Kendrick LeBlanc for his assistance with animal care, Kimberly Page-Soto for help with blood and tissue collection, and Dr A. F. Parlow (NIDDK National Hormone and Peptide Program) for providing ovine LH RIA reagents. G. M. Baez-Sandoval was supported by a scholarship provided by the National University of Colombia, Bogota. This work was supported in part by TEX09202 and Texas AgriLife Research (M.A.). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0953-8194 EI 1365-2826 J9 J NEUROENDOCRINOL JI J. Neuroendocrinol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 IS 9 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02177.x PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 806GV UT WOS:000293795200005 PM 21679258 ER PT J AU Tangtrakulwanich, K Chen, H Baxendale, F Brewer, G Zhu, JJ AF Tangtrakulwanich, K. Chen, H. Baxendale, F. Brewer, G. Zhu, J. J. TI Characterization of olfactory sensilla of Stomoxys calcitrans and electrophysiological responses to odorant compounds associated with hosts and oviposition media SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys calcitrans; antennal morphology; electroantennogram (EAG); odorants; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); stable fly ID ANTENNAL SENSILLA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; COELOCONIC SENSILLA; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; FINE-STRUCTURE; SENSE ORGANS; PHORID FLY; MUSCIDAE; FLIES; CALLIPHORIDAE AB Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are economically important biting flies that have caused billions of dollars in losses in the livestock industry. Field monitoring studies have indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host location. To further our understanding of stable fly olfaction, we examined the antennal morphology of adults using scanning electron microscopy techniques. Four major types of sensillum were found and classified as: (a) basiconic sensilla; (b) trichoid sensilla with three subtypes; (c) clavate sensilla, and (d) coeloconic sensilla. No significant differences between male and female flies in abundances (total numbers) of these sensillum types were observed, except for medium-sized trichoid sensilla. The distinctive pore structures found on the surface of basiconic and clavate sensilla suggest their olfactory functions. No wall pores were found in trichoid and coeloconic sensilla, which suggests that these two types of sensillum may function as mechano-receptors. Details of the distributions of different sensillum types located on the funicle of the fly antenna were also recorded. Electroantennogram results indicated significant antennal responses to host-associated compounds. The importance of stable fly olfaction relative to host and host environment seeking is discussed. This research provides valuable new information that will enhance future developments in integrated stable fly management. C1 [Zhu, J. J.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tangtrakulwanich, K.; Baxendale, F.; Brewer, G.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chen, H.] Univ Nebraska, Microscopy Core Facil, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zhu, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, 305 Entomol Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jerry.zhu@ars.usda.gov OI Zhu, Junwei/0000-0001-9846-9656 FU Regional Project [1030] FX We express our appreciation to D. Berkebile and T. Weinhold for their technical support in this study. This work was conducted in cooperation with the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and supported in part by Regional Project 1030. We also thank J. Kalisch for his help in constructing the three-dimensional drawings of sensilla distributions. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00946.x PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 803DJ UT WOS:000293561100012 PM 21332765 ER PT J AU Kanis, JA Hans, D Cooper, C Baim, S Bilezikian, JP Binkley, N Cauley, JA Compston, JE Dawson-Hughes, B El-Hajj Fuleihan, G Johansson, H Leslie, WD Lewiecki, EM Luckey, M Oden, A Papapoulos, SE Poiana, C Rizzoli, R Wahl, DA McCloskey, EV AF Kanis, J. A. Hans, D. Cooper, C. Baim, S. Bilezikian, J. P. Binkley, N. Cauley, J. A. Compston, J. E. Dawson-Hughes, B. El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada Johansson, H. Leslie, W. D. Lewiecki, E. M. Luckey, M. Oden, A. Papapoulos, S. E. Poiana, C. Rizzoli, R. Wahl, D. A. McCloskey, E. V. CA Task Force FRAX Initiative TI Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bone mineral density; Clinical risk factors; Fracture probability; Risk assessment ID FRACTURE RISK-ASSESSMENT; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HIP FRACTURE; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; ORAL CORTICOSTEROIDS; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; ELDERLY-WOMEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS AB The introduction of the WHO FRAXA (R) algorithms has facilitated the assessment of fracture risk on the basis of fracture probability. Its use in fracture risk prediction has strengths, but also limitations of which the clinician should be aware and are the focus of this review Introduction The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) appointed a joint Task Force to develop resource documents in order to make recommendations on how to improve FRAX and better inform clinicians who use FRAX. The Task Force met in November 2010 for 3 days to discuss these topics which form the focus of this review. Methods This study reviews the resource documents and joint position statements of ISCD and IOF. Results Details on the clinical risk factors currently used in FRAX are provided, and the reasons for the exclusion of others are provided. Recommendations are made for the development of surrogate models where country-specific FRAX models are not available. Conclusions The wish list of clinicians for the modulation of FRAX is large, but in many instances, these wishes cannot presently be fulfilled; however, an explanation and understanding of the reasons may be helpful in translating the information provided by FRAX into clinical practice. C1 [Kanis, J. A.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. [Hans, D.] Univ Lausanne Hosp, Ctr Bone Dis, Bone & Joint Dept, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cooper, C.] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England. [Cooper, C.] Univ Oxford, NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomed Res Unit, Inst Musculoskeletal Sci, Oxford, England. [Baim, S.] Univ Miami, Div Endocrinol, Miller Sch Med, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bilezikian, J. P.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Binkley, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Osteoporosis Clin Res Program, Madison, WI USA. [Cauley, J. A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburg, CA USA. [Compston, J. E.] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Med, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada] Amer Univ Beirut, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Disorders, Beirut, Lebanon. [Johansson, H.; Oden, A.] Univ Gothenburg, Ctr Bone Res, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Med, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Leslie, W. D.] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Lewiecki, E. M.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, New Mexico Clin Res & Osteoporosis Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Luckey, M.] St Barnabas Osteoporosis & Metab Bone Dis Ctr, Livingston, NJ USA. [Papapoulos, S. E.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Leiden, Netherlands. [Poiana, C.] Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Endocrinol, Bucharest, Romania. [Rizzoli, R.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Bone Dis, Dept Rehabil & Geriatr, Geneva, Switzerland. [Rizzoli, R.] Fac Med, Geneva, Switzerland. [Wahl, D. A.] Int Osteoporosis Fdn, Nyon, Switzerland. [McCloskey, E. V.] Univ Sheffield, Acad Unit Bone Metab, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Kanis, JA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. EM w.j.pontefract@sheffield.ac.uk RI Moayyeri, Alireza/N-3332-2014; OI Moayyeri, Alireza/0000-0002-9143-2161; Kendler, David/0000-0001-7679-3965; McClung, Michael/0000-0002-7827-0778; Leslie, William/0000-0002-1056-1691; Cauley, Jane A/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU Amgen; Merck Frosst; Sanofi-Aventis; Warner Chilcott; Novartis; Genzyme; HORIZON trial; Alliance for Better Bone Health; Glaxo Smith Kline; Roche; Merck Sharp; Dohme; Lilly; Wyeth; Servier; Nycomed; Eli Lilly; Danone; Merck; Tarsa; Tarsa Pharmaceuticals; Merck Co FX S Baim, JP Bilezikian, JE Compston, G El-Hajj Fuleihan, A Oden, B Dawson-Hughes, EM Lewiecki, DA Wahl, H Johansson and D Hans have no competing interests to declare with regard to this manuscript. JA Kanis and E McCloskey: Consulting fees, paid advisory boards, lecture fees, and/or grant support from the majority of companies concerned with skeletal metabolism. WD Leslie: Speaker fees and unrestricted research grants from Amgen and Merck Frosst; unrestricted research grants from Sanofi-Aventis, Warner Chilcott (formerly Procter & Gamble), Novartis, Amgen, Genzyme; advisory boards for Genzyme, Novartis, and Amgen. J Cauley: Consultant to Novartis for the HORIZON steering committee and receives research funding for the HORIZON trial. C Cooper: Consulting fees and paid advisory boards for Alliance for Better Bone Health, Glaxo Smith Kline, Roche, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Lilly, Amgen, Wyeth, Novartis, Servier, and Nycomed. R Rizzoli: Paid advisory boards and lecture fee for Merck Sharp and Dohme, Eli Lilly, Amgen, Wyeth, Novartis, Servier, Nycomed, and Danone. N Binkley: Consulting fees and research support from Amgen, Lilly, Merck and Tarsa. M Luckey: Consulting fees and lecture fees from Merck Sharp and Dohme, Eli Lilly, Amgen, Novartis and Tarsa Pharmaceuticals. C Poiana: Lecture fees and paid advisory boards for Amgen, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Glaxo Smith Kline and Novartis. S Papapoulos: Consulting and/or lecture fees from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Smith Kline, Merck & Co, Novartis and Wyeth. NR 113 TC 135 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X EI 1433-2965 J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 22 IS 9 BP 2395 EP 2411 DI 10.1007/s00198-011-1713-z PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 804EG UT WOS:000293636500001 PM 21779818 ER PT J AU Almeria, S Araujo, RN Darwich, L Dubey, JP Gasbarre, LC AF Almeria, S. Araujo, R. N. Darwich, L. Dubey, J. P. Gasbarre, L. C. TI Cytokine gene expression at the materno-foetal interface after experimental Neospora caninum infection of heifers at 110 days of gestation SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokines; Neospora caninum; placenta; pregnant cattle; real-time RT-PCR ID DAIRY-CATTLE; SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TRANSMISSION; ABORTION; COWS; PROTECTION; DEATH; MICE AB Neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle, but the reasons why only some animals abort remain unclear. The immunological control of the parasite in the placenta or by the foetus could be the key to determining the mechanism of abortion and/or transplacental transmission to the foetus. In this study, cytokine gene expression, analysed by real-time RT-PCR, at the maternal (caruncle) and foetal placenta (cotyledon) of heifers infected at 110 days of gestation by intravenous inoculation of N. caninum tachyzoites was compared with the responses in uninfected heifers. Animals were euthanized 3 weeks after infection. Upregulated Th1, Th2 and T-regulatory (Treg) cytokine gene expression was observed in both the maternal and the foetal placenta in the infected group. In the caruncle of infected animals, the main changes included upregulation of IFN-gamma, IL-12p40, IL-6 and IL-10. In the cotyledon, the main changes included upregulation of IFN-gamma and downregulation of TGF-beta, being the later the only cytokine downregulated in the infected group. The observed cytokine expression pattern was associated with alive but transplacentally infected foetuses, suggesting that such cytokine pattern is beneficial to foetal survival, but could have a role in the transplacental transmission of the parasite. C1 [Almeria, S.; Darwich, L.] UAB IRTA, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim CReSA, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Almeria, S.; Darwich, L.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Sanitat & Anat Anim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Araujo, R. N.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gasbarre, L. C.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Almeria, S (reprint author), UAB IRTA, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim CReSA, Campus UAB IRTA, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM sonia.almeria@uab.cat RI Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; Darwich, Laila/F-5330-2016 OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Darwich, Laila/0000-0001-9027-9452 FU AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) [BE-2005-2006]; CNPq; FAPEMIG FX The authors thank Harry Dawson for his help in the design of probes and primers for bovine cytokines. Sonia Almeria was recipient of a grant BE-2005-2006 from AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain). Dr R. N. Araujo was supported by the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPEMIG. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 33 IS 9 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01307.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 806GP UT WOS:000293794600006 PM 21711362 ER PT J AU Zhang, YX Equiza, MA Zheng, QS Tyree, MT AF Zhang, Yanxiang Equiza, Maria Alejandra Zheng, Quanshui Tyree, Melvin T. TI The impact of long-term water stress on relative growth rate and morphology of needles and shoots of Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings: research toward identifying mechanistic models SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID LEAF EXPANSION; TURGOR PRESSURE; CELL; DEFICIT; VARIABILITY; ELONGATION; SUNFLOWER; RESPONSES; PATTERN; HEIGHT AB Leaf morphology in the upper canopy of trees tends to be different from that lower down. The effect of long-term water stress on leaf growth and morphology was studied in seedlings of Metasequoia glyptostroboides to understand how tree height might affect leaf morphology in larger trees. Tree height increases water stress on growing leaves through increased hydraulic resistance to water flow and increased gravitational potential, hence we assume that water stress imposed by soil dehydration will have an effect equivalent to stress induced by height. Seedlings were subjected to well-watered and two constant levels of long-term water stress treatments. Drought treatment significantly reduced final needle count, area and mass per area (leaf mass area, LMA) and increased needle density. Needles from water-stressed plants had lower maximum volumetric elastic modulus (epsilon(max)), osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(100)(pi)) and at zero turgor (Psi(0)(pi)) than those from well-watered plants. Palisade and spongy mesophyll cell size and upper epidermal cell size decreased significantly in drought treatments. Needle relative growth rate, needle length and cell sizes were linear functions of the daily average water potential at the time of leaf growth (r(2) 0.88-0.999). We conclude that water stress alone does mimic the direction and magnitude of changes in leaf morphology observed in tall trees. The results are discussed in terms of various models for leaf growth rate. C1 [Zhang, Yanxiang; Equiza, Maria Alejandra; Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Zhang, Yanxiang; Zheng, Quanshui] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Tyree, Melvin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM mel.tyree@ales.ualberta.ca RI maosheng , cimu/P-2261-2014 FU US Forest Service; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30070637] FX The authors thank Bruce Alexander, Greenhouse Manager of ALES Faculty, University of Alberta, for his valuable support. M. T. T. wishes to thank the US Forest Service for salary support while working at the University of Alberta, which made this study possible. Y. X. Z. wishes to thank the China Scholarship Council for travel costs to Canada and thanks to Tsinghua University for granting leave from normal study to study at University of Alberta as a jointly trained PhD student for 1 year. This study was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070637). NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 143 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01482.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 805UM UT WOS:000293754500002 PM 21534977 ER PT J AU Ohta, M Boddu, VM Uchimiya, M Sada, K AF Ohta, Masahiko Boddu, Veera M. Uchimiya, Minori Sada, Kazuki TI Thermal response and recyclability of poly(stearylacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) gel as a VOCs absorbent SO POLYMER BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Stearylacrylate (Octadecylacrylate); Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); Swelling behavior; Absorbent matrix; Volume phase transition ID INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; HYDROGELS; SORBENTS AB The development of absorbent materials for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is in demand for a variety of environmental applications including protective barriers for VOCs point sources. One of the challenges for the currently available VOCs absorbents is their recyclability. In this study, we synthesized poly(stearylacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (NG-18) gels, and after rigorous characterization, investigated the absorption properties for VOCs. The synthesized gel could be recycled by immersing in ether and other chlorinated, aromatic, and aliphatic solvents and by cooling them at 0 A degrees C. These recycling processes resulted in approximately 25% weight loss compared to the fully swollen state, due to the crystallization of long-alkyl chain component of the gel. This property shows the possibility of recycling absorbed solvents easily and its usefulness as VOCs absorbent material. C1 [Ohta, Masahiko; Boddu, Veera M.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Proc Branch, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Ohta, Masahiko; Sada, Kazuki] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Chem, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Uchimiya, Minori] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Boddu, VM (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Proc Branch, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM veera.boddu@usace.army.mil FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), USA [WP-1761] FX Funding for this research is provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), USA, under the project number WP-1761. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0170-0839 EI 1436-2449 J9 POLYM BULL JI Polym. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 67 IS 5 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1007/s00289-011-0514-z PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 804DU UT WOS:000293635200013 ER PT J AU Erdman, MM Creekmore, LH Fox, PE Pelzel, AM Porter-Spalding, BA Aalsburg, AM Cox, LK Morningstar-Shaw, BR Crom, RL AF Erdman, Matthew M. Creekmore, Lynn H. Fox, Patricia E. Pelzel, Angela M. Porter-Spalding, Barbara A. Aalsburg, Alan M. Cox, Linda K. Morningstar-Shaw, Brenda R. Crom, Randall L. TI Diagnostic and epidemiologic analysis of the 2008-2010 investigation of a multi-year outbreak of contagious equine metritis in the United States SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Taylorella equigenitalis; Contagious equine metritis; Epidemiology; Diagnostics ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TEST; TAYLORELLA-EQUIGENITALIS; GENITAL INFECTION; MARES; ORGANISM; SWABS; DISCRIMINATION; ASINIGENITALIS AB Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a highly contagious venereal disease of horses caused by Taylorella equigenitalis. During testing for semen export purposes, a stallion in Kentucky was found to be T. equigenitalis culture positive in December of 2008. This finding triggered an extensive regulatory investigation to search for additional positive horses, determine the extent of the outbreak, identify the potential source of the outbreak, and ultimately return the United States to CEM-free status. The investigation included over 1000 horses located in 48 states. Diagnostic testing found a total of 22 stallions, 1 gelding and 5 mares culture positive for T. equigenitalis. Epidemiologic analysis indicated that all of the positive horses were linked to a single common source, most likely a Fjord stallion imported into the United States in 2000. The T. equigenitalis strain subsequently spread to other stallions via undetermined indirect mechanisms at shared breeding facilities, and to mares via artificial insemination and live breeding. This CEM outbreak and investigation represent the largest ever in the United States based on the number of exposed horses tested and their geographic distribution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Erdman, Matthew M.; Aalsburg, Alan M.; Cox, Linda K.; Morningstar-Shaw, Brenda R.] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Creekmore, Lynn H.; Pelzel, Angela M.] Western Reg Off, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fox, Patricia E.; Porter-Spalding, Barbara A.] Eastern Reg Off, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Crom, Randall L.] Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Emergency Management, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Erdman, MM (reprint author), Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM matthew.m.erdman@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA FX The authors acknowledge personnel from USDA Veterinary Services and State animal health authorities, including epidemiologists, veterinarians, animal health technicians, and diagnosticians, that worked to identify, locate, quarantine, and test exposed horses, and to oversee the implementation of testing and treatment protocols. Specifically, we acknowledge the work of Dr. Robert Ehlenfeldt in Wisconsin, Dr. Robert Stout and Mr. Rusty Ford in Kentucky, and Drs. John Belfrage, Stanley Bruntz, Ellen Buck, Michael Dutcher, Barry Meade, James Meronek, and Jonathan Zack and Mr. Steve Hennager with USDA Veterinary Services. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Peter Timoney, University of Kentucky, for technical input and Dr. Josie Traub-Dargatz, Colorado State University, for input and critical review of the manuscript. We also acknowledge private veterinary practitioners who had responsibilities related to the proper collection and timely submission of samples and related information. We also acknowledge all of the certified CEM testing laboratories including the NVSL Bacterial Identification and Serology Sections. Finally, we acknowledge members of the equine industry that cooperated in the outbreak response and investigation, especially breeding facility owners and the owners of exposed or positive horses who paid for sample collection, test breeding, and treatment costs required to prevent further spread of the bacterium. This investigation was funded by the USDA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.05.015 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 805LO UT WOS:000293728100009 PM 21715032 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Moore, MT Locke, MA Kroger, R AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Moore, Matthew T. Locke, Martin A. Kroeger, Robert TI Effects of Vegetation in Mitigating the Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures in Sediments of a Wetland Mesocosm SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Diazinon; Permethrin; Constructed wetland; Hyalella azteca ID SALINAS RIVER CALIFORNIA; HYALELLA-AZTECA; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; METHYL-PARATHION; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; FATHEAD MINNOWS; AQUATIC PLANTS; CENTRAL VALLEY; WATER-QUALITY; INSECTICIDES AB This study assessed effects of a mixture of two pesticides, diazinon and permethrin, on 48-h sediment toxicity to Hyalella azteca in a constructed wetland mesocosm containing non-vegetated and vegetated sections. Sediment samples were collected at inflow, middle, and back points within each section 5, 24, 72 h, 7, 14, and 21 days post-amendment. Pesticides were detected in sediments throughout non-vegetated and vegetated wetland sections. H. azteca 48-h survival varied across sampling period, wetland location, and vegetation type with lowest survival occurring within the first 72 h of the inflow and middle locations of the non-vegetated section. Sediment toxicity was ameliorated by 14 and 7 days within the non-vegetated and vegetated sections, respectively. Relationships between pesticide concentrations and animal survival indicated toxicity was from both diazinon and cis-permethrin in the non-vegetated section and primarily cis-permethrin in the vegetated section. Results show that vegetation ameliorated pesticide mixture 48-h sediment toxicity to H. azteca earlier and to a greater extent than non-vegetated constructed wetlands. A 21-day retention time is necessary to improve 48-h H. azteca sediment survival to a parts per thousand yen90% in wetlands of this size. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Moore, Matthew T.; Locke, Martin A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Kroeger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 220 IS 1-4 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0735-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 806CY UT WOS:000293783700008 ER PT J AU Anderson, M Giannico, G Jacobs, S AF Anderson, Matthew Giannico, Guillermo Jacobs, Steve TI Seasonal migrations of adult and sub-adult redband trout in a high desert basin of Eastern Oregon, USA SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE migration; temperature; PIT; salmonid; redband trout; telemetry ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; RAINBOW-TROUT; SWIM SPEEDS; HABITAT USE; BULL TROUT; ENERGY USE; RIVER; STREAMS; PATTERNS; COLUMBIA AB Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) migrations were tracked between March 2007 and June 2009 in the Donner und Blitzen River, Oregon, USA, using radio telemetry and PIT tags. We investigated the upstream extent and timing of spawning migrations for two groups of trout, considered the factors that influenced the rate of trout migration and explored the seasonal patterns of redband trout migration related to temperature and flow conditions. We found that trout made long-distance migrations (up to 91 km) to spawn. Spawning trout from the lower river and middle river migrated to the same reaches, but lower river trout reached spawning habitats later than individuals from the middle river. Migration rate had a positive relationship with fork length and mean river discharge. We also found that redband trout made upstream spring migrations as sub-adults and as adults. Whereas adult trout migrated to spawn, immature individuals migrated to river segments with more favourable thermal conditions. In both cases, migrations occurred where seasonally appropriate or life-stage-specific habitat patches for growth, survival, or reproduction were spatially segregated. C1 [Anderson, Matthew] US Forest Serv, Parkdale, OR USA. [Giannico, Guillermo] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jacobs, Steve] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Nat Fish Invest Project, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), 6780 Hwy 35, Parkdale, OR 97041 USA. EM manderson08@fs.fed.us FU Malheur National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Restoration and Enhancement Board; Burns District Bureau of Lands Management FX We offer special thanks to Kelley Klopp, Matt Zarif and Ryan Flaherty for their contributions to the field work. We also appreciate the field assistance of Tim Walters, Jon Gutcher, Bruce Miller, Katherine Nordholm, Bruce McIntosh and Jay Nicholas of Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife, Darren Brumback of the Bureau of Land Management, as well as Julie Anderson, Adela New, and Mark Villers who provided their personal time. Thanks for the financial support and logistical assistance provided by the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Thanks for the financial support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sport Fish Restoration Program, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Restoration and Enhancement Board, and the Burns District Bureau of Lands Management. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 409 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00488.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 801BY UT WOS:000293412600011 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Reed, S Gehring, A He, YP AF Tu, Shu-I Reed, Sue Gehring, Andrew He, Yiping TI Simultaneous Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium: The Use of Magnetic Beads Conjugated with Multiple Capture Antibodies SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; Salmonella Typhimurium; Multiple pathogen detection; Immunomagnetic capture; Time-resolved fluorescence ID RESOLVED IMMUNOFLUOROMETRIC ASSAY; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; GROUND-BEEF; O157-H7; FLUORESCENCE; SEROTYPE; FOODS AB Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads were conjugated with biotinylated capture antibodies to both Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium to form multi-pathogen capture immunomagnetic beads (IMB-M). The efficacy of these beads was investigated in both pure and mixed culture suspensions, as well as in inoculated spinach and ground beef. Using dual-label time-resolved fluorescence, a sandwich immunoassay consisting of europium- and samarium-labeled detection antibodies was used to measure the capture of E. coli and Salmonella, respectively. IMB-M was just as effective as the mixture of IMB against E. coli and Salmonella in capturing both organisms in pure culture and E. coli in mixed culture. Capture of Salmonella in mixed culture by IMB-M resulted in lower fluorescent signals, but comparable detection limit. In inoculated food samples, IMB-M was just as effective as the mixture of IMB specific for both target organisms in detecting 1 cfu/g of E. coli and 100 cfu/g of Salmonella after a 6-h enrichment at 37 A degrees C. Multi-pathogen capture IMB have the potential to be convenient and important tools for multi-pathogen detection. C1 [Tu, Shu-I] ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Reed, Sue; Gehring, Andrew; He, Yiping] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shui.tu@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-9751 J9 FOOD ANAL METHOD JI Food Anal. Meth. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s12161-010-9175-z PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 799PJ UT WOS:000293298300014 ER PT J AU Estrada, AER Hegeman, A Kistler, HC May, G AF Estrada, Alma E. Rodriguez Hegeman, Adrian Kistler, H. Corby May, Georgiana TI In vitro interactions between Fusarium verticillioides and Ustilago maydis through real-time PCR and metabolic profiling SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium verticillioides; Ustilago maydis; Species interaction; Metabolic profiling; Quantitative PCR; Metabolites ID SECONDARY METABOLISM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; ACID; DISEASE; MAIZE; MONILIFORME; DIVERSITY; GENOMICS; PIGMENTS AB The goal of this research was to determine mechanisms of interaction between endophytic strains of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg and the pathogen, Ustilago maydis (DC) (Corda). Endophytic strains of the fungus F. verticillioides are commonly found in association with maize (Zea mays) and when co-inoculated with U. maydis, often lead to decreased disease severity caused by the pathogen. Here, we developed methods (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) to evaluate changes in relative concentration of metabolites produced during in vitro interactions between the endophyte and pathogen. Fungi were grown on two different media, in single and in confronted cultures. We used real-time PCR (qPCR) assays to measure relative changes in fungal biomass, that occurred in confronted cultures compared to single cultures. The results showed that most secondary metabolites are constitutively produced by each species. Metabolite profiles are complex for U. maydis (twenty chromatographic peaks detected) while relatively fewer compounds were detected for F. verticillioides (six chromatographic peaks). In confronted cultures, metabolite ratio (metabolite concentration/biomass) generally increases for U. maydis metabolites while no significant changes were observed for most F. verticillioides metabolites. The results show that F. verticillioides is a strong antagonist of U. maydis as its presence leads to large reductions in U. maydis biomass. We infer that few U. maydis metabolites likely serve antibiotic functions against F. verticillioides. The methods described here are sufficiently sensitive to detect small changes in biomass and metabolite concentration associated with differing genotypes of the interacting species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Estrada, Alma E. Rodriguez; May, Georgiana] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hegeman, Adrian] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hegeman, Adrian; May, Georgiana] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Estrada, AER (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, ES-317,2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. EM rodrigal@uwgb.edu RI Hegeman, Adrian/D-5984-2013 OI Hegeman, Adrian/0000-0003-1008-6066 FU National Science Foundation [EF-0723451] FX The authors thank Stephen Harvey and Thomas Krick from the Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics at the University of Minnesota for their valuable technical assistance, to Mark Holland for suggestions on the statistical analysis of the data, and to the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Grant (EF-0723451) awarded to Drs. G. May and H.C. Kistler. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 9 BP 874 EP 885 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.06.006 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 803UH UT WOS:000293606600004 ER PT J AU Boutigny, AL Ward, TJ Van Coller, GJ Flett, B Lamprecht, SC O'Donnell, K Viljoen, A AF Boutigny, Anne-Laure Ward, Todd J. Van Coller, Gert J. Flett, Bradley Lamprecht, Sandra C. O'Donnell, Kerry Viljoen, Altus TI Analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat, barley and maize in South Africa provides evidence of species-specific differences in host preference SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cereal; Fusarium head blight; Gibberella ear rot; Chemotype; Fusarium ID HEAD BLIGHT PATHOGEN; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; MYCOTOXIN ACCUMULATION; SPRING WHEAT; CHEMOTYPES; DEOXYNIVALENOL; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; GENE; CORN AB Species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 560 members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) collected from diseased wheat, barley and maize in South Africa was determined using a microsphere-based multilocus genotyping assay. Although three trichothecene types (3-ADON, 15-ADON and NIV) were represented among these isolates, strains with the 15-ADON type predominated on all three hosts. A significant difference, however, was identified in the composition of FGSC pathogens associated with Gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize as compared to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat or barley (P < 0.001). F. graminearum accounted for more than 85% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB of wheat and barley (N = 425), and was also the dominant species among isolates from maize roots (N = 35). However, with the exception of a single isolate identified as an interspecific hybrid between Fusarium boothii and F. graminearum, GER of maize (N = 100) was exclusively associated with F. boothii. The predominance of F. graminearum among FHB isolates, and the near exclusivity of F. boothiii among GER isolates, was observed across all cultivars, collection dates, and provinces sampled. Because these results suggest a difference in host preference among species of the FGSC, we hypothesize that F. graminearum may be less well adapted to infect maize ears than other members of the FGSC. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boutigny, Anne-Laure; Van Coller, Gert J.; Viljoen, Altus] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Ward, Todd J.; O'Donnell, Kerry] Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Van Coller, Gert J.] Western Cape Dept Agr, Inst Plant Prod, ZA-7607 Elsenburg, South Africa. [Flett, Bradley] Agr Res Council, Grain Crops Inst, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Lamprecht, Sandra C.] Agr Res Council, Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Boutigny, AL (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. EM annelaureboutigny@yahoo.fr FU University of Stellenbosch; Winter Cereal Trust; Maize Trust; THRIP FX We are grateful to Ilze Beukes, Nathan Orwig, Tom Usgaard, Zane Sedeman, Alta Schoeman and Maria Mahlobo for excellent technical assistance. Prof. Wally Marasas is acknowledged for his inputs on this manuscript. This research was financially supported in part by the University of Stellenbosch, the Winter Cereal Trust, the Maize Trust and THRIP. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 52 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 9 BP 914 EP 920 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.05.005 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 803UH UT WOS:000293606600008 PM 21601644 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Guedot, C Zack, RS AF Landolt, P. J. Guedot, C. Zack, R. S. TI Spotted cutworm, Xestia c-nigrum (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) responses to sex pheromone and blacklight SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lures; monitoring; pheromone; spotted cutworm; trapping ID ATTRACTANTS; ACETATE; HUBNER AB Traps baited with the sex pheromone blend of (Z7)- and (Z5)-tetradecenyl acetate captured significant numbers of male spotted cutworm moths, Xestia c-nigrum (L.) compared to unbaited traps. Nearly no males were captured in traps baited with (Z7)-tetradecenyl acetate, the major pheromone component. Antennae of spotted cutworm males responded to (Z7)-, (E7)-, (Z5)- and (E5)-tetradecenyl acetate in the laboratory; however there was no response by moths in the field to the E isomers when presented in traps as major and minor components respectively of a binary blend or to the (E7) isomer as a single component. These findings clarify the makeup of a sex attractant that can be used for monitoring X. c-nigrum on agricultural crops in Washington. However, multi-year season-long monitoring of spotted cutworm moths in Yakima Valley apple orchards revealed differential responses to pheromone and blacklight traps. A spring flight period showed a strong moth response to the pheromone compared to blacklight, while a later summer flight period showed a weak moth response to the pheromone relative to blacklight. At this time, we do not know which trap type might best indicate spotted cutworm abundance and risk to crops. C1 [Landolt, P. J.; Guedot, C.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Zack, R. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM peter.landolt@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Washington State Potato Commission; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration FX Technical assistance was provided by Robert Brown, Jewel Brumley, Jennifer Friedt, Daryl Green, Stephanie Jesperson, Bonnie Ohler, Karolynn Tom, and Laura Tom. This research was funded in part by grants from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Washington State Potato Commission, and Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 135 IS 8 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01571.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 801MT UT WOS:000293444200003 ER PT J AU Kuhn, TJ Safford, HD Jones, BE Tate, KW AF Kuhn, Tim J. Safford, Hugh D. Jones, Bobette E. Tate, Ken W. TI Aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands and their contribution to plant diversity in a semiarid coniferous landscape SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Species diversity; Species richness; Conifer; Montane vegetation; Sierra Nevada; Keystone species; California ID UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; BOREAL FORESTS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; LIGHT; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; MOUNTAINS; RICHNESS; DYNAMICS AB We conducted a field study to determine the relative contributions of aspen (Populus tremuloides), meadow, and conifer communities to local and landscape-level plant species diversity in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range, northeastern California, USA. We surveyed plant assemblages at 30 sites that included adjacent aspen, conifer, and meadow communities across a 10,000-km(2) region. We statistically investigated patterns in local and landscape-scale plant diversity within and among the three vegetation types. Summing across sites, aspen stands supported more plant species overall and more unique plant species than either meadow or conifer communities. Local richness and diversity did not differ between aspen and meadow plots; conifer forest plots were significantly lower in both measures. Heterogeneity in species composition was higher for aspen forest than for meadows or conifer forest, both within sites and between sites. Plant communities in aspen stands shared less than 25% of their species with adjacent vegetation in conifer and meadow plots. Within aspen forest, we found a negative relationship between total canopy cover and plant diversity. Our results strongly support the idea that plant communities of aspen stands are compositionally distinct from adjacent meadows and conifer forest, and that aspen forests are a major contributor to plant species diversity in the study region. Current patterns of aspen stand succession to conifer forest on many sites in the semiarid western US are likely to reduce local and landscape-level plant species diversity, and may also have negative effects on other ecosystem functions and services provided by aspen forest. C1 [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Kuhn, Tim J.] USDI Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Field Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jones, Bobette E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. [Tate, Ken W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Safford, HD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1323 Club Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM hughsafford@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 212 IS 9 BP 1451 EP 1463 DI 10.1007/s11258-011-9920-4 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 800FB UT WOS:000293344100005 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Verrill, SP Liu, H Herian, VL Pan, XJ Rockwood, DL AF Zhu, J. Y. Verrill, Steve P. Liu, Hao Herian, Victoria L. Pan, Xuejun Rockwood, Donald L. TI On Polydispersity of Plant Biomass Recalcitrance and Its Effects on Pretreatment Optimization for Sugar Production SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass recalcitrance; Pretreatment; Optimization; Sugar recovery; Enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification ID CELLULOSIC ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; STEAM PRETREATMENT; SOFTWOOD; SPORL; SACCHARIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; YIELD; TIME AB This paper discusses a property associated with plant biomass recalcitrance to enzyme and microbial deconstructions in sugar production from cellulose and hemicelluloses. The hemicelluloses are more readily hydrolyzed to sugars than is cellulose. As a result, optimization to maximize individual glucose and hemicellulose sugar recovery is not possible. This property is an inherent feature of plant biomass and is named polydispersity of plant biomass recalcitrance (PPBR) in this study. A set of pretreatment experiments using eucalyptus and sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses was conducted. The results were used to predict the conditions for individually maximizing enzymatic glucose and xylose yields. The predicted maximal yields were used to quantitatively illustrate the PPBR concept. The effect of PPBR on pretreatment optimization and strategies for maximal sugar recovery using two-stage pretreatment are discussed. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Liu, Hao; Pan, Xuejun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, J. Y.; Verrill, Steve P.; Herian, Victoria L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Hao] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Rockwood, Donald L.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI Liu, Hao/B-3263-2012 OI Liu, Hao/0000-0002-6955-2474 FU University of Florida; US Forest Service Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts; Chinese Scholarship Council FX We especially appreciate Fred Matt (US Forest Service, Forest Products laboratory) for carrying out many careful analyses of carbohydrate in solid substrates. Financial support of this research included the University of Florida IFAS Research Innovation Fund and The US Forest Service Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (2009). These programs and the Chinese Scholarship Council provided financial support to Liu for his visiting appointments at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the US Forest Service, Forest Products laboratory. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9113-y PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 795ZD UT WOS:000293018200005 ER PT J AU Spies, CFJ Mazzola, M McLeod, A AF Spies, Christoffel Frederik Jakobus Mazzola, Mark McLeod, Adele TI Characterisation and detection of Pythium and Phytophthora species associated with grapevines in South Africa SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grapevine decline; Pathogenicity; Phytophthora sp niederhauserii; Pythium irregulare; Pythium vexans; Real-time PCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; ROOT-ROT; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; PATHOGENICITY; CALIFORNIA; AUSTRALIA; DISEASES; DECLINE; IDENTIFICATION; IRREGULARE AB Replant and decline diseases of grapevines not only cause quantitative and qualitative yield losses, but also result in extra costs when vineyards have to be replanted. This study investigated the role of Pythium and Phytophthora in the decline syndrome in South Africa by determining (1) the species associated with nursery and established vines, and (2) pathogenicity of Ph. sp. niederhauserii and P. vexans relative to known grapevine pathogens. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were also developed for detection of the most prevalent oomycete groups. In total, 26 Pythium and three Phytophthora species were identified from grapevine nurseries and established vineyards. The most common infections in sampled nursery vines were caused by P. vexans (16.7%), followed by P. ultimum var. ultimum (15.0%) and P. irregulare (11.7%). In established vineyards, P. irregulare (18.0%) and P. vexans (6.2%) were also among the three most prevalent species, along with P. heterothallicum (7.3%). Three Phytophthora species were also identified from the sampled established vines, of which Ph. cinnamomi (5.1%) was predominant, followed by Ph. sp. niederhauserii (1.1%). In established vineyards a higher incidence and more diverse species composition was observed in spring and winter, than in summer. Pathogenicity studies showed that some Ph. sp. niederhauserii and P. vexans isolates were as aggressive as the known grapevine pathogens Ph. cinnamomi and P. irregulare. Sensitive qPCR assays were developed for the detection of P. ultimum var. ultimum, P. irregulare, P. vexans and the genus Phytophthora. These assays will be invaluable in limiting pathogen dispersal through screening of nursery material. This is especially important since pathogenic species were also isolated from healthy looking vines in nurseries. C1 [Spies, Christoffel Frederik Jakobus; McLeod, Adele] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Mazzola, Mark] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP McLeod, A (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. EM aspiestog@gmail.com; Mark.Mazzola@ars.usda.gov; adelem@sun.ac.za RI McLeod, Adele/D-4025-2012 OI McLeod, Adele/0000-0002-1807-9154 FU National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa; South African Apple and Pear Producers' Association; Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP); Winetech FX The authors would like to extend their gratitude to Dr. Wilhelm J. Botha for morphological identifications of isolates and the following institutes for financial support: the Thuthuka program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa, the South African Apple and Pear Producers' Association, the Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP), and Winetech. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 131 IS 1 BP 103 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9791-5 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 798EU UT WOS:000293186200011 ER PT J AU Ngo, HL Xie, ZG Kasprzyk, S Haas, M Lin, WB AF Ngo, Helen L. Xie, Zhigang Kasprzyk, Stephen Haas, Michael Lin, Wenbin TI Catalytic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Extremely Low Quality Greases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Diphenylammonium triflate; Fatty acid methyl esters; Heterogeneous catalysis; Mesoporous silica; Renewable fuel; Trap grease ID WASTE COOKING OIL; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; ESTERIFICATION; TRANSESTERIFICATION; METHANOL AB Biodiesel (BD) is a renewable fuel for compression ignition engines that is composed of the simple alkyl esters, usually methyl-, of fatty acids (FAME). It is typically produced via base-catalyzed transesterification between refined vegetable oil or animal fat (e.g., soybean oil, tallow) and an alcohol (e.g., methanol). This process can, however, be marginally cost-effective due to the high feedstock and processing costs. It is thus desirable to develop new catalytic routes that can efficiently convert less expensive feedstocks to BD. We report here on the application of a series of diarylammonium based homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for converting a particularly low value, low quality lipid, trap grease, to FAME. In the course of a 1-h reaction at 125 A degrees C these catalysts simultaneously esterified the free fatty acids (> 90 wt% of the substrate) and transesterified the acylglycerols (< 10 wt%) of the feedstock to FAME with greater than 95% overall conversion. C1 [Ngo, Helen L.; Haas, Michael] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Xie, Zhigang; Lin, Wenbin] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kasprzyk, Stephen] BlackGold Biofuels, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RP Ngo, HL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov RI Lin, Wenbin/B-4151-2010; OI Lin, Wenbin/0000-0001-7035-7759; Xie, Zhigang/0000-0003-2974-1825 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1417 EP 1424 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1804-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 797PG UT WOS:000293139200016 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Teel, JA Palmquist, DE AF Eller, Fred J. Teel, J. A. Palmquist, D. E. TI Continuous Hydrolysis of Cuphea Seed Oil in Subcritical Water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cuphea seed oil; Flow reactor; Free fatty acid; Hydrolysis; Subcritical water ID FATTY-ACIDS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; ESTOLIDES; ESTERS; CROP AB Cuphea seed oil (CSO) is a source of decanoic acid which is useful in the preparation of estolide lubricants among other applications. Decanoic acid and other free fatty acids (FFA) can be hydrolyzed from CSO using a catalyst like KOH, followed by neutralization with HCl and extraction with hexane. This procedure, however, uses caustic materials, hazardous solvents and generates waste salt streams. This study investigated the use of water without catalysts to hydrolyze CSO in a continuous flow tubular reactor. Parameters such as the interaction of pressure and temperature, temperature, water to cuphea oil fatty acid residue (H(2)O:COFAR) molar ratio, and flow rate were examined. The lowest conversions of CSO to FFA were at the lowest temperature (i.e., 300 A degrees C) and the hydrolysis was ca. 90% at 350 A degrees C and 13.8 MPa and ca. 80% at 365 A degrees C and 13.8 MPa. Hydrolysis increased with pressure and leveled off at 13.8 MPa. Hydrolysis increased with temperature and leveled off at ca. 330 A degrees C. The optimal H(2)O:COFAR molar ratio was found to be 6:1. Conversion rates were inversely proportional to flow rate with 95% conversion at the lowest flow rate (i.e., 0.25 mL/min) corresponding to the longest residence time (i.e., ca. 45.2 min). These results demonstrate a continuous subcritical water process for hydrolyzing CSO to FFA that is effective, requires no catalysts and does not generate a waste salt stream. C1 [Eller, Fred J.; Teel, J. A.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Palmquist, D. E.] ARS, Midw Area Off, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Fred.Eller@ARS.USDA.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1455 EP 1461 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1798-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 797PG UT WOS:000293139200021 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Wahl, D Holler, T Al Dobai, S Sivinski, R AF Sivinski, John Wahl, David Holler, Tim Al Dobai, Shoki Sivinski, Robert TI Conserving natural enemies with flowering plants: Estimating floral attractiveness to parasitic Hymenoptera and attraction's relationship to flower and plant morphology SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Attractants; Native plants; Malaise trap; Biological control; Landscape modification; Organic gardening; Conservation ID DIADEGMA-INSULARE HYMENOPTERA; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; PEST LEPIDOPTERA; FOOD SOURCES; ICHNEUMONIDAE; LONGEVITY; WASPS; POPULATIONS; BRACONIDAE; FECUNDITY AB Flowering plants in agricultural landscapes can provide ecological services, such as nectar-provision for adult parasitic Hymenoptera. Various flowering native, introduced/established and cultivated potted plants were used to bait interception traps along the wooded margins of fields planted seasonally with either feed-corn or rye. Depending on circumstances, controls consisted of traps baited with the same species of plant without flowers, a pot/area without plants, or both. In most cases pots were rotated among trap-sites. Of the 19 plant species tested, 10 captured significantly more summed ichneumonoids and chalcidoids, seven more Braconidae, two more Ichneumonidae and six more Chalcidoidea than controls. Among Braconidae, traps baited with certain plants captured significantly more individuals of specific subfamilies. "Attractive" and "unattractive" plant species tended to cluster in a principal components vector space constructed from plant morphological characteristics ( flower width, flower depth, flower density and plant height). Flower width and plant floral-area (flower width(2) * flower density) were the variables that most often explained the variance in capture of the different parasitoid taxa. Our study identified particular plants that could be incorporated into regional conservation biological control programs to benefit parasitoid wasps In addition, the results indicate that morphological characteristics might help identify further suitable plant candidates for agricultural landscape modification. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sivinski, John] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Wahl, David] Amer Entomol Inst, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Holler, Tim] US Dept Agr APHIS Ret, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. [Al Dobai, Shoki] Minist Agr & Irrigat, Gen Directorate Plant Protect, Sanaa, Yemen. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM john.sivinski@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 48 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.05.002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 794PJ UT WOS:000292912500006 ER PT J AU Xiao, YF Chen, JJ Cantliffe, D Mckenzie, C Houben, K Osborne, LS AF Xiao, Yingfang Chen, Jianjun Cantliffe, Daniel Mckenzie, Cindy Houben, Katherine Osborne, Lance S. TI Establishment of papaya banker plant system for parasitoid, Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphilidae) against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in greenhouse tomato production SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Banker plant system; Biological control; Tomato; Papaya plant; Bemisia tabaci; Trialeurodes variabilis; Encarsia sophia ID AUGMENTATIVE BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOST PREFERENCE; RELEASE RATES; HOMOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; RESISTANCE; BIOTYPE; TRANSPLANTS; DISPERSAL; PROSPECTS AB The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a key pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and other vegetable crops worldwide. To combat this pest, a non-crop banker plant system was evaluated that employs a parasitoid, Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with whitefly, Trialeurodes variabilis (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), as an alternative host for rearing and dispersal of the parasitoid to the target pest. (a) Multi-choice and no-choice greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine host specificity of T. variabilis to papaya (Carica papaya L.) and three vegetable crops including tomato, green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). The result showed that papaya was an excellent non-crop banker plant for supporting the non-pest alternative host, T. variabilis, whose adults had a strong specificity to papaya plants for feeding and oviposition in both multi-choice and no-choice tests. (b) The dispersal ability of E. sophia was investigated from papaya banker plants to tomato and green bean plants infested with B. tabaci, as well as to papaya control plants infested with T. variabilis; and (c) the percent parasitism by E. sophia on T. variabilis reared on papaya plants and on B. tabaci infested on tomato plants was also evaluated. These data proved that E. sophia was able to disperse at least 14.5 m away from papaya plants to target tomato, bean or papaya control plants within 48-96 h. Furthermore, E. sophia was a strong parasitoid of both T. variabilis and B. tabaci. There was no significant difference in percent parasitism by E. sophia on T. variabilis (36.2-47.4%) infested on papaya plants or B. tabaci (29-45.9%) on tomato plants. Thus, a novel banker plant system for the potential management of B. tabaci was established using papaya as a non-crop banker plant to support a non-pest alternative host, T. variabilis for maintaining the parasitoid to control B. tabaci. The established banker plant system should provide growers with a new option for long-term control of B. tabaci in greenhouse vegetable production. Ongoing studies on the papaya banker plant system are being performed in commercial greenhouses. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiao, Yingfang; Chen, Jianjun; Houben, Katherine; Osborne, Lance S.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Chen, Jianjun] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cantliffe, Daniel] Univ Florida, Dept Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mckenzie, Cindy] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Xiao, YF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. EM yfxiao@ufl.edu FU EPA; IFAS/UF; USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX The authors would like to thank Irma Herrera, Fabieli Irizarry, and Younes Belmourd for their technical assistance in laboratory and in greenhouses. Funding for this study was provided by grants from the EPA, IFAS/UF Line Item grants program, and the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.06.004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 794PJ UT WOS:000292912500010 ER PT J AU Lake, EC Hough-Goldstein, J Shropshire, KJ D'Amico, V AF Lake, Ellen C. Hough-Goldstein, Judith Shropshire, Kimberley J. D'Amico, Vincent TI Establishment and dispersal of the biological control weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes on mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Persicaria perfoliata; Rhinoncomimus latipes; Polygonum perfoliatum; Weed biological control; Mile-a-minute weed; Post-release monitoring ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; TREE MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; POLYGONUM-PERFOLIATUM; CONTROL AGENTS; KOROTYAEV COLEOPTERA; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; INVASIVE PLANT; L. POLYGONALES AB Mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae), is an annual vine from Asia that has invaded the eastern US where it can form dense monocultures and outcompete other vegetation in a variety of habitats. The host-specific Asian weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was first released in the US in 2004 as part of a classical biological control program. The weevil was intensively monitored in three release arrays over 4 years, and field cages at each site were used to determine the number of generations produced. The weevil established at all three sites and produced three to four generations before entering a reproductive diapause in late summer. Weevils dispersed at an average rate of 1.5-2.9 m wk(-1) through the 50 m diameter arrays, which had fairly contiguous mile-a-minute cover. Weevils dispersing in the broader, more variable landscape located both large monocultures and small isolated patches of mile-a-minute 600-760 m from the release within 14 months. Weevil density ranged from fewer than 10 to nearly 200 weevils m(-2) mile-a-minute weed. Mile-a-minute cover decreased at the site with the highest weevil density. The production of P. perfoliata seed clusters decreased with increasing weevil populations at two sites, and seedling production declined over time at two sites by 75% and 87%. The ability of the weevil to establish, produce multiple generations per season, disperse to new patches, and likelihood of having an impact on plants in the field suggests that R. latipes has the potential to be a successful biological control agent. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lake, Ellen C.; Hough-Goldstein, Judith; Shropshire, Kimberley J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [D'Amico, Vincent] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Lake, EC (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, 531 S Coll Ave, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM elake@udel.edu FU Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia FX We thank the Brandywine Valley Association and Brandywine Conservancy, especially Jim Jordan and Jess Moore, for hosting these experimental releases. Matt Frye, Brian Butterworth and Jamie Pool assisted with array set up, data collection and mapping. We thank the NJ Department of Agriculture Phillip Alampi Beneficial Insect Rearing Laboratory for providing weevils. Funding was provided by Richard Reardon, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.05.005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 794PJ UT WOS:000292912500017 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR AF Hagler, James R. TI An immunological approach to quantify consumption of protein-tagged Lygus hesperus by the entire cotton predator assemblage SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE ELISA; Predator gut content analysis; Protein marking; Immunomarking; Western tarnished plant bug; Biological control ID GUT CONTENT ELISA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; MARK-RELEASE-RECAPTURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NATURAL ENEMIES; IMMUNOMARKING TECHNIQUE; INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS; SECONDARY PREDATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AB A new method for post-mortem quantification of predation on prey items marked with protein antigens is described. First, short-term protein marking retention tests were conducted on the targeted prey, immature Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae). Chicken IgG, rabbit IgG, or soy milk proteins were readily detectable by a suite of protein specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on the L. hesperus. Then, predator gut content assays were conducted on chewing and piercing-sucking type predators that consumed a 3rd instar L. hesperus marked with rabbit IgG. The rabbit IgG gut content ELISA detected the marked prey in the vast majority of both types of predators for up to 24 h after feeding. Finally, field cage studies were conducted to quantify predation rates of the natural cotton predator assemblage on protein marked L. hesperus nymphs. Each 4th instar L. hesperus marked with rabbit IgG, chicken IgG, and soy milk was released into one of 360 field cages containing a cotton plant and the natural population of predators. After 7 h, each caged plant was pulled from the field, the number of predaceous arthropods in each cage were tallied, and each individual predator was assayed for the presence of marked prey by a suite of protein-specific ELISAs. A procedural error with the soy mark application negated the anti-soy ELISA data, but the anti-rabbit IgG and anti-chicken IgG ELISAs pinpointed exactly which predators preyed on the IgG marked nymphs. The protein-specific gut ELISAs revealed that various members of Araneae, Heteroptera, and Coleoptera were the most common predators of the marked prey items. In all, 74 predation events were recorded in the guts of the 556 predators encountered in the field cages. Of these 26, 23, and 14 marked individuals were eaten by various members of Araneae, Heteroptera, and Coleoptera, respectively. This study verifies that prey immunomarking is a simple, versatile, and effective method for quantifying predation rates on L. hesperus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM james.hagler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX I thank Felisa Blackmer, Joel Gilley, Geoff Kimmel, Dan Langhorst, Scott Machtley, Chris McNeely, Andrew Theis, and Alyssa Yamamura for excellent technical support. Sincere thanks are extended to Debbie Hagler, Sarah Mansfield, and Tom Unruh for reviewing an early version of this manuscript. Funding for the project was provided, in part, by the USDA, CSREES Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program (RAMP). NR 73 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.05.015 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 794PJ UT WOS:000292912500022 ER PT J AU Gebhardt, K Anderson, AM Kirkpatrick, KN Shwiff, SA AF Gebhardt, Karen Anderson, Aaron M. Kirkpatrick, Katy N. Shwiff, Stephanie A. TI A review and synthesis of bird and rodent damage estimates to select California crops SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE California; Vertebrate pest; Pest damage; Bird; Rodent; Economics ID DISTRESS CALLS; METAANALYSIS AB A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the magnitude of bird and rodent damage to 19 economically important crops in California. Interviews with agriculture experts provided additional information about damages. Monte Carlo simulations were used to derive summary estimates of damages to each crop. A meta-analysis indicated that summary damage estimates from expert interviews were higher than estimates from field studies and surveys. It was also found that there has been a downward trend over time in damages to almonds and grapes. The results of our study indicate that damages from bird and rodents remain high for many crops and are likely to be economically significant within the state of California. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gebhardt, Karen; Anderson, Aaron M.; Kirkpatrick, Katy N.; Shwiff, Stephanie A.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gebhardt, Karen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shwiff, SA (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Karen.Gebhardt@colostate.edu; Aaron.M.Anderson@aphis.usda.gov; Katy.N.Kirkpatrick@aphis.usda.gov; Stephanie.A.Shwiff@aphis.usda.gov FU California Department of Food and Agriculture, Vertebrate Pest Advisory Research Council FX Funding by the California Department of Food and Agriculture, Vertebrate Pest Advisory Research Council is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the many people who provided advice and/or contributed data used in this research. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1109 EP 1116 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.05.015 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 797GY UT WOS:000293113700001 ER PT J AU Butler, CD Gonzalez, B Manjunath, KL Lee, RF Novy, RG Miller, JC Trumble, JT AF Butler, Casey D. Gonzalez, Beatriz Manjunath, Keremane L. Lee, Richard F. Novy, Richard G. Miller, J. Creighton Trumble, John T. TI Behavioral responses of adult potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), to potato germplasm and transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Host plant resistance; IPM; Zebra chip ID TOMATO; INSECTICIDES; HOMOPTERA; SULC; ACCESSIONS; BIOLOGY AB The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a major pest of potatoes that can cause yield loss by direct feeding on crop plants and by transmitting a bacterial pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous (a.k.a. Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum) associated with zebra chip disease of the crop. In recent years, there have been no studies regarding resistance of potato to the potato psyllid or the bacterial pathogen that the psyllid transmits. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of potato germplasm on adult potato psyllid behavior and transmission of Ca. L. psyllaurous. A total of twenty-two potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) breeding clones and varieties were examined. Plant genotype significantly affected the occurrence and duration of psyllid probing, the duration of psyllid cleaning, resting and the amount of time psyllids spent off the potato leaflet as well as transmission of Ca. L. psyllaurous. For the potato genotypes in which there were significant decreases in transmission compared to controls, there was often an unclear relationship between the occurrences and duration of behaviors and subsequent bacterial transmission. We discuss the implications of our results for an integrated pest management program for the potato psyllid and Ca. L. psyllaurous control on potatoes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Butler, Casey D.; Gonzalez, Beatriz; Trumble, John T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Manjunath, Keremane L.; Lee, Richard F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Novy, Richard G.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Miller, J. Creighton] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Butler, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM cbutl001@student.ucr.edu FU USDA-SCRI [2009-34381-20036]; USDA-RAMP [2009-51101-05892] FX We thank K. Gilbert, S. Gilbert, N. Murillo, N. Drew, G. Kund, B. Carson, L Heldoorn, and E. Rodriguez for assistance with colony maintenance and assistance with experiments. We also thank Joeseph Munyaneza who initially obtained the insects. We thank B. Carson, G. Kund, J. Diaz-Montano, K. Hladun and C. Mogren whose comments and suggestions improved an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was funded by the USDA-SCRI (2009-34381-20036) and the USDA-RAMP program (2009-51101-05892). NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.05.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 797GY UT WOS:000293113700020 ER PT J AU Tepaamorndech, S Huang, LP Kirschke, CP AF Tepaamorndech, Surapun Huang, Liping Kirschke, Catherine P. TI A null-mutation in the Znt7 gene accelerates prostate tumor formation in a transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Znt7; Zinc transporters; Prostate cancer; TRAMP; SV(40) T antigen ID ESOPHAGEAL CELL-PROLIFERATION; MAMMALIAN ZINC TRANSPORTER; MITOCHONDRIAL APOPTOGENESIS; RAT PROBASIN; EXPRESSION; CANCER; MICE; INHIBITION; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS AB Decrease of cellular zinc in the epithelium of the prostate has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. To investigate whether ZnT7, a zinc transporter involved in intracellular zinc accumulation, played a role in prostate cancer development, we generated and characterized a transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model with a Znt7-null genetic background. TRAMP mice (TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) and TRAMP/Znt7(+/+)) were euthanized at 6, 8, 16, and 28 weeks of age for histopathological analysis of the prostates and for the presence of prostate tumors and metastasis. At 6 and 8 weeks of age, TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) mice displayed higher frequencies of low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and high grade PIN, respectively, in the prostates than the age-matched TRAMP/Znt7(+/+) mice. At 16 weeks of age, 33% TRAMP/Znt7-/- mice had prostate tumors and one half of the mice with prostate tumors had tumor metastasized to the draining lymph nodes while no prostate tumor was detected in the control TRAMP mice. By 28 weeks, 67% TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) mice developed prostate tumors while only 22% control TRAMP mice had prostate tumors. Furthermore, apoptosis was reduced in the prostates of TRAMP/Znt7(-/-) mice. In conclusion, a null-mutation of the Znt7 gene accelerates prostate tumor formation in TRAMP mice. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Genet Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping; Kirschke, Catherine P.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Genet Grad Grp, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM liping.huang@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, ARS [5306-515-30-014-00D, 5306-515-20-007-00D] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, ARS Projects 5306-515-30-014-00D and 5306-515-20-007-00D. We thank Dr. Alexander Borowsky at University of California Davis Center of Comparative Medicine for the assistance in the histopathological evaluation of the mouse prostate. We thank Erik Gertz, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, for the technical support in determination of prostate tissue zinc contents. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 308 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.04.011 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 791KY UT WOS:000292665300004 PM 21621325 ER PT J AU Sung, KD Khan, SA Nawaz, MS Cerniglia, CE Tamplin, ML Phillips, RW Kelley, LC AF Sung, Kidon Khan, Saeed A. Nawaz, Mohamed S. Cerniglia, Carl E. Tamplin, Mark L. Phillips, Robert W. Kelley, Lynda Collins TI Lysozyme as a barrier to growth of Bacillus anthracis strain Sterne in liquid egg white, milk and beef SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Lysozyme; Spore; Egg white; Inactivation ID SPORES; GERMINATION; PROTEINS; EDTA AB In this study, we investigated the role of lysozyme on the viability of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) in egg white (EW), ground beef and milk. At 35 degrees C in EW, growth rates (GR) for B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus and B. anthracis were 0.005, -0.018, -0.028 and -0.029 OD(600)/h, respectively. Heat-treating EW at 55 and 60 degrees C reduced the inactivating effect of EW by 3.1 and 10.5-fold, respectively. Addition of lysozyme (2 mg/ml) to 60 degrees C-treated EW increased the inactivation rate 5.76-fold, indicating involvement of lysozyme in B. anthracis inactivation. B. anthracis inactivation was influenced by pH, as shown by a progressive increase in inactivation rate from 0.25 to -4.42 logs CFU/h over a pH range of 6.0-8.5. Adding 2 mg/ml lysozyme to milk and ground beef also suppressed the growth of B. anthracis 3.3 and 6.5-fold, respectively. These data indicate that lysozyme, as a natural component of EW or potential additive in other foods, could reduce biothreat risks presented by bioterror agents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sung, Kidon; Khan, Saeed A.; Nawaz, Mohamed S.; Cerniglia, Carl E.] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Tamplin, Mark L.] Univ Tasmania, Food Safety Ctr, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Phillips, Robert W.; Kelley, Lynda Collins] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Khan, SA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM saeed.khan@fda.hhs.gov FU US Department of Homeland Security NBACC; US Department of Agriculture; US Food and Drug Administration FX The authors wish to thank Drs. Rajesh Nayak and Ashraf Khan of the Division of Microbiology. NCTR, for their initial help, and valuable and insightful discussions during the course of this research. The authors also thank Drs. John Sutherland and Huiz-hong Chen of the Division of Microbiology, NCTR, for critical review of the manuscript. The work was supported in part by the US Department of Homeland Security NBACC and the US Department of Agriculture through interagency agreements between the above entities and US Food and Drug Administration. Views presented in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the FDA or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1231 EP 1234 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.03.002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 791NR UT WOS:000292672400017 PM 21645824 ER PT J AU Perry, DA Hessburg, PF Skinner, CN Spies, TA Stephens, SL Taylor, AH Franklin, JF McComb, B Riegel, G AF Perry, David A. Hessburg, Paul F. Skinner, Carl N. Spies, Thomas A. Stephens, Scott L. Taylor, Alan Henry Franklin, Jerry F. McComb, Brenda Riegel, Greg TI The ecology of mixed severity fire regimes in Washington, Oregon, and Northern California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Fire ecology; Mixed severity fires; Forest structure and processes; Pacific Northwest forests; Disturbance ecology; Landscape ecology ID LAKE TAHOE BASIN; SOUTHERN CASCADES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FOREST STRUCTURE; CONIFER FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA AB Forests characterized by mixed-severity fires occupy a broad moisture gradient between lower elevation forests typified by low-severity fires and higher elevation forests in which high-severity, stand replacing fires are the norm. Mixed-severity forest types are poorly documented and little understood but likely occupy significant areas in the western United States. By definition, mixed-severity types have high beta diversity at meso-scales, encompassing patches of both high and low severity and gradients in between. Studies of mixed-severity types reveal complex landscapes in which patch sizes follow a power law distribution with many small and few large patches. Forest types characterized by mixed severity can be classified according to the modal proportion of high to low severity patches, which increases from relatively dry to relatively mesic site conditions. Mixed-severity regimes are produced by interactions between top-down forcing by climate and bottom-up shaping by topography and the flammability of vegetation, although specific effects may vary widely across the region, especially the relation between aspect and fire severity. History is important in shaping fire behavior in mixed-severity landscapes, as patterns laid down by previous fires can play a significant role in shaping future fires. Like low-severity forests in the western United States, many dry mixed-severity types experienced significant increases in stand density during the 20th century, threatening forest health and biodiversity, however not all understory development in mixed-severity forests increases the threat of severe wild fires. In general, current landscapes have been homogenized, reducing beta diversity and increasing the probability of large fires and insect outbreaks. Further loss of old, fire tolerant trees is of particular concern, but understory diversity has been reduced as well. High stand densities on relatively dry sites increase water use and therefore susceptibility to drought and insect outbreaks, exacerbating a trend of increasing regional drying. The need to restore beta diversity while protecting habitat for closed-forest specialists such as the northern spotted owl call for landscape-level approaches to ecological restoration. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Perry, David A.; McComb, Brenda] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA USA. [Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Taylor, Alan Henry] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Taylor, Alan Henry] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riegel, Greg] US Forest Serv, USDA, Bend, OR USA. RP Perry, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dave_perry38@msn.com NR 100 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 19 U2 122 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 5 BP 703 EP 717 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.004 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 791NV UT WOS:000292672800001 ER PT J AU Maloney, PE Vogler, DR Eckert, AJ Jensen, CE Neale, DB AF Maloney, Patricia E. Vogler, Detlev R. Eckert, Andrew J. Jensen, Camille E. Neale, David B. TI Population biology of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) with reference to historical disturbances in the Lake Tahoe Basin: Implications for restoration SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cronartium ribicola; Disease resistance; Fire suppression; Genetic diversity; Historical logging; Pinus lambertiana ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; BLISTER RUST; SIERRA-NEVADA; TAEDA L.; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; FIRE; DIFFERENTIATION; GENE AB Historical logging, fire suppression, and an invasive pathogen. Cronartium ribicola, the cause of white pine blister rust (WPBR), are assumed to have dramatically affected sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) populations in the Lake Tahoe Basin. We examined population- and genetic-level consequences of these disturbances within 10 sugar pine populations by assessing current population structure and trends for 1129 individuals, genetic diversity for 250 individuals, and frequency of WPBR-resistance for 102 families. Logging had occurred in 9 of 10 sites and fire suppression was evident in all stands. High density of white fir (Abies concolor) is often an indicator of fire suppression and we found a negative relationship between sugar pine survivorship and white fir basal area (r(2) = 0.31). C. ribicola was present in 90% of stands (incidence range: 0-48%) and we found a significant relationship between mean host survivorship and disease incidence (r(2) = 0.46). We estimated population growth rates (lambda) from size-based transition matrices. For six of 10 sugar pine populations lambda was >= 1.0, indicating that these populations appear to be stable; for four populations, lambda was < 1.0, indicating populations that may be in decline. A population specific drift parameter, c(i), which is a measure of genetic differentiation in allele frequencies relative to an ancestral population, ranged from 0.009 to 0.048. Higher values of c(i) indicate greater genetic drift, possibly due to a bottleneck caused by historical logging, other agents of mortality or much older events affecting population sizes. Effects of drift are known to be greater in small populations and we found a negative relationship between sugar pine density and c(i) (r(2) = 0.36). Allele frequency of the Cr1 gene, responsible for WPBR-resistance in sugar pine, averaged 0.068 for all populations sampled; no WPBR infection was found in one population in which the Cr1 frequency was 0.112. Historical disturbances and their interactions have likely influenced the population biology of sugar pine in the Tahoe Basin; for some populations this has meant reduced population size, higher genetic drift, and poor survival of small- and intermediate-sized individuals. Possible management strategies include restoring population numbers, deploying WPBR-resistance, treating stands to promote natural sugar pine regeneration, and enhancing genetic diversity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maloney, Patricia E.; Jensen, Camille E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Maloney, Patricia E.; Jensen, Camille E.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vogler, Detlev R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.; Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Maloney, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pemaloney@ucdavis.edu RI Eckert, Andrew/E-4788-2011 OI Eckert, Andrew/0000-0002-6522-2646 FU Sierra Nevada Public Lands Management Act (Round 7); Nevada Division of State Lands FX We thank Tom Burt for field assistance and cone collections, Akiko Oguchi for GIS maps, and Annette Delfino Mix. We also thank Joan Dunlap, John Gleason, and Dessa Welty, USDA Forest Service, Sugar Pine Rust Resistance Program, Placerville Nursery for processing sugar pine cones and seed, seed-banking, and screening for Cr1. Kathie Jermstad for sugar pine chip design and Katie Tsang for DNA extraction. David Fournier (USDA Forest Service, LTBMU), Roland Shaw (Nevada Division of Forestry), Rich Adams, Tamara Sasaki (California State Parks), and Bill Champion (Nevada State Parks) for site information and permission to work on Federal and State lands. John and Maria Pickett of the Sugar Pine Foundation. Mathworks and Y. Saito for bootstrapping function. We thank David Fournier, Marc Meyer, and Eric Knapp for critical comments of an earlier draft. This work was supported by funds from the Sierra Nevada Public Lands Management Act (Round 7) and the Nevada Division of State Lands, lake Tahoe License Plate Program. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 5 BP 770 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.011 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 791NV UT WOS:000292672800007 ER PT J AU D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB Fraver, S Palik, BJ AF D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. Fraver, Shawn Palik, Brian J. TI Forest management for mitigation and adaptation to climate change: Insights from long-term silviculture experiments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Climate change adaptation; Forest thinning; Selection methods; Northern hardwoods; Pinus resinosa ID PINUS-RESINOSA STANDS; PICEA-RUBENS FORESTS; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; CARBON STORAGE; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; PONDEROSA PINE; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; THINNING TREATMENT; SIMULATION-MODEL; HEMLOCK FORESTS AB Developing management strategies for addressing global climate change has become an increasingly important issue influencing forest management around the globe. Currently, management approaches are being proposed that intend to (1) mitigate climate change by enhancing forest carbon stores and (2) foster adaptation by maintaining compositionally and structurally complex forests. However, little is known about the compatibility of these two objectives or the long-term efficacy of a given management regime at simultaneously achieving adaptation and mitigation. To address this need, we examined stand-level carbon and complexity responses using five long-term (> 50 yrs) silviculture experiments within the upper Great Lakes region, USA. In particular, live tree carbon stores and sequestration rates, and compositional and structural complexity were analyzed from three thinning experiments in Pinus resinosa and two selection method experiments in northern hardwood systems to elucidate the long-term effects of management on these ecosystem attributes and the general compatibility of mitigation and adaptation objectives. As expected, we observed a general increase in large tree densities with stand age and positive relationships between stand stocking level and live tree carbon stores. More importantly, our results clearly identify tradeoffs between the achievement of mitigation and adaptation objectives across each study. For example, maintaining higher stocking levels (i.e., enhanced mitigation by increasing carbon stores) resulted in decreases in stand-level structural and compositional complexity (i.e., reduced adaptation potential). In addition, rates of live tree carbon increment were also the lowest within the highest stocking levels; despite the benefits of these stand conditions to maximizing carbon stores. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of avoiding rigid adherence to a single objective, such as maximum on-site carbon stores, without recognizing potential consequences to other ecosystem components crucial to ensuring long-term ecosystem functioning within the context of environmental change. One potential stand-level strategy for balancing these goals may be to employ multi-aged management systems, such as irregular shelterwood and selection systems, that maintain a large proportion of carbon stores in retained mature trees while using thinning to create spatial heterogeneity that promotes higher sequestration rates in smaller, younger trees and simultaneously enhances structural and compositional complexity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.; Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP D'Amato, AW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM damato@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors are indebted to the numerous USDA Forest Service scientists and technicians who established and maintained the long-term experiments used in this study, particularly Robert Barse, John Benzie, Robert Buckman, Thomas Crow, John Elioff, Gayne Erdmann, Doug Kastendick, Christel Kern, Terry Strong, John Zasada, Zigmond Zasada, and Paul Zehngraff. Funding for A. D'Amato was provided by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Additional support was provided by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 80 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 5 BP 803 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.014 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 791NV UT WOS:000292672800010 ER PT J AU Kovacs, KF Mercader, RJ Haight, RG Siegert, NW McCullough, DG Liebhold, AM AF Kovacs, Kent F. Mercader, Rodrigo J. Haight, Robert G. Siegert, Nathan W. McCullough, Deborah G. Liebhold, Andrew M. TI The influence of satellite populations of emerald ash borer on projected economic costs in US communities, 2010-2020 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive species impacts; Exotic forest insect management; Spatial damage assessment ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; PLANT INVASIONS; URBAN FOREST; BUPRESTIDAE; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; RESOURCE AB The invasion spread of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is characterized by the formation of satellite populations that expand and coalesce with the continuously invading population front. As of January 2010, satellite infestations have been detected in 13 states and two Canadian provinces. Understanding how newly established satellite populations may affect economic costs can help program managers to justify and design prevention and control strategies. We estimate the economic costs caused by EAB for the 10-yr period from 2010 to 2020 for scenarios of fewer EAB satellite populations than those found from 2005 to 2010 and slower expansion of satellite populations found in 2009. We measure the projected discounted cost of treatment, removal, and replacement of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) growing in managed landscapes in U.S. communities. Estimated costs for the base scenario with the full complement of satellites in 2005-2010 and no program to mitigate spread is $12.5 billion. Fewer EAB satellites from 2005 to 2010 delay economic costs of $1.0 to 7.4 billion. Slower expansion of 2009 satellite populations delays economic costs of $0.1 to 0.7 billion. Satellite populations that are both distant from the core EAB infestation and close to large urban areas caused more economic costs in our simulations than did other satellites. Our estimates of delayed economic costs suggest that spending on activities that prevent establishment of new satellite EAB populations or slow expansion of existing populations can be cost-effective and that continued research on the cost and effectiveness of prevention and control activities is warranted. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kovacs, Kent F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mercader, Rodrigo J.; McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Siegert, Nathan W.] US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kovacs, KF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kova0090@umn.edu; mercade2@msu.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us; nwsiegert@fs.fed.us; mccullo6@msu.edu; aliebhold@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Mercader, Rodrigo/L-6550-2015 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Mercader, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4904-2805 FU U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry FX The authors are grateful to David Nowak and Eric Greenfield for sharing digital maps of U.S. Census-defined communities and data for 2001 NLDC developed areas and tree cover. Anne Cumming, Douglas Moore, David Nowak, Amelia Nuding, Lindsey Purcell, David Sivyer, Eric Smith, and T. Davis Sydnor provided tree inventories for cities and regions. We thank Anantha Prasad, Jeff Prestemon, Noel Schneeberger, and Denys Yemshanov, for comments and contributions to earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this project was supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 92 IS 9 BP 2170 EP 2181 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.043 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 788HO UT WOS:000292436200009 PM 21546148 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Nagoshi, RN Stuhl, CJ AF Meagher, Robert L. Nagoshi, Rodney N. Stuhl, Charles J. TI Oviposition Choice of Two Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Strains SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Host strains; fall armyworm; ovipositional choice; host fidelity ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; LARCH BUDMOTH; I GENE; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA; RACES; CANNIBALISM; POPULATIONS AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a noctuid species that is composed of two morphologically identical sympatric host strains (corn and rice) that differ in their distribution among plant hosts. In an effort to explain observations of host fidelity in the field, ovipositional preference of the two strains on corn (Zea mays L.) or pasture grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis) was determined using two greenhouse bioassays. In the first bioassay, corn strain females placed more eggmasses on the screen enclosure than on corn plants while grass plants contained an intermediate number of eggmasses. Rice strain females placed most of their eggmasses on grass plants. In the second bioassay, corn strain females placed an equal number of eggmasses on corn and grass plants in comparison to rice strain females which placed > 3.5x more eggmasses on grass plants than on corn plants. Individual eggs as part of the eggmasses were also counted on plants and on the screen enclosure. Corn strain females equally placed eggs on the two host plants and on the screen enclosures, however rice strain females placed more eggs on grass plants compared to corn plants or the screen enclosure. This is the first report of consistent differential oviposition between corn and rice strain fall armyworm females. C1 [Meagher, Robert L.; Nagoshi, Rodney N.; Stuhl, Charles J.] USDA ARS, Insect Behav & Biocontrol Res Unit, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Behav & Biocontrol Res Unit, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rob.meagher@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 24 IS 5 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s10905-011-9259-7 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 791TV UT WOS:000292690000002 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Johnson, DW Blank, RR Tausch, RJ Roundy, BA Miller, RF Caldwell, TG Lucchesi, A AF Rau, Benjamin M. Johnson, Dale W. Blank, Robert R. Tausch, Robin J. Roundy, Bruce A. Miller, Richard F. Caldwell, Todd G. Lucchesi, Annmarie TI Woodland expansion's influence on belowground carbon and nitrogen in the Great Basin US SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Pinyon; Juniper; Sagebrush; Carbon; Soil; Tree cover ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; GLOBAL-CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; WESTERN US; FOREST; VEGETATION; STORAGE; CLIMATE AB Vegetation changes associated with climate shifts and anthropogenic disturbance can have major impacts on biogeochemical cycling and soils. Much of the Great Basin, U.S. is currently dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate (Rydb.) Boivin) ecosystems. Sagebrush ecosystems are increasingly influenced by pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem and Pinus edulis Engelm.) and juniper (Juniperus osteosperma Tort. and Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) expansion. Some scientists and policy makers believe that increasing woodland cover in the intermountain western U.S. offers the possibility of increased organic carbon (OC) storage on the landscape; however, little is currently known about the distribution of OC on these landscapes, or the role that nitrogen (N) plays in OC retention. We quantified the relationship between tree cover, belowground OC, and total below ground N in expansion woodlands at 13 sites in Utah, Oregon, Idaho, California, and Nevada, USA. One hundred and twenty nine soil cores were taken using a mechanically driven diamond tipped core drill to a depth of 90 cm. Soil, coarse fragments, and coarse roots were analyzed for OC and total N. Woodland expansion influenced the vertical distribution of root OC by increasing 15-30 cm root OC by 2.6 Mg ha(-1) and root N by 0.04 Mg ha(-1). Root OC and N increased through the entire profile by 3.8 and 0.06 Mg ha(-1) respectively. Woodland expansion influenced the vertical distribution of soil OC by increasing surface soil (0-15 cm) DC by 2.2 Mg ha(-1). Woodland expansion also caused a 1.3 Mg ha(-1) decrease in coarse fragment associated OC from 75 -90 cm. Our data suggests that woodland expansion into sagebrush ecosystems has limited potential to store additional belowground DC, and must be weighed against the risk of increased wildfire and exotic grass invasion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rau, Benjamin M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wallowa Whitman Natl Forest, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blank, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Tausch, Robin J.; Lucchesi, Annmarie] US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Roundy, Bruce A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Caldwell, Todd G.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wallowa Whitman Natl Forest, 3502 Highway 30, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM brau02@fs.fed.us; dwj@cabnr.unr.edu; blank@unr.nevada.edu; bruce_roundy@byu.edu; richard.miller@oregonstate.edu; todd.caldwell@dri.edu; annmarielucchesi@gmail.com RI Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 9 BP 827 EP 835 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.005 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 789BL UT WOS:000292488200010 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Whitford, W. G. Steinberger, Y. TI Effects of simulated storm sizes and nitrogen on three Chihuahuan Desert perennial herbs and a grass SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Biomass; Fertilization; Irrigation ID PRECIPITATION PULSES; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; WATER AB Establishment and growth of three perennial herbs and a small tussock grass were studied in an experiment that provided simulated rainfall of 6 mm week(-1) or 25 mm once per month and nitrogen fertilization in combination with the different simulated rainfall regimes. Wild onion, Allium macropetalum, failed to establish in plots receiving 25 mm month(-1) simulated rainfall. The perennial composite, Bahia absinthifolia, occurred at higher densities in plots that were not irrigated but there were no differences in biomass in any of the irrigation or fertilization treatments. Desert holly, Perezia nana, failed to establish in nitrogen fertilized plots and developed higher abundance and biomass in plots receiving 25 mm month(-1). Nitrogen fertilization had either no effect or an adverse effect on the perennial herbs. The tussock grass. Dasychloa pulchella exhibited highest abundance and biomass with 6 mm week(-1) added water plus nitrogen. Since global climate change will affect both rain storm frequency and size and atmospheric nitrogen deposition, the results of this study are applicable to understanding vegetation responses climate change. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Steinberger, Y.] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wawhitfo@nmsu.edu; steinby@mail.biu.ac.il FU Jornada Long Term Ecological Research Program FX Solange Silva, Phillip Harrigan, and Michael Brown assisted with the irrigations and field measurements. This research was supported by the Jornada Long Term Ecological Research Program and is a contribution to that program. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 75 IS 9 BP 861 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.03.007 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 789BL UT WOS:000292488200014 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Nishimoto, J AF Shelly, Todd E. Nishimoto, Jon TI Additional measurements of distance-dependent capture probabilities for released males of Bactrocera cucurbitae and B-dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Honolulu SO JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fruit flies; Trapping; Detection; Hawaii; California ID ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY; METHYL EUGENOL; FLIES DIPTERA; MELON FLIES; CUE-LURE; DACUS; MOTH; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; ATTRACTANT AB This paper describes a mark-release-recapture study involving males of two economically important fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) and B. dorsalis (Hendel), conducted in Honolulu, Hawaii. In each of three residential neighborhoods in Honolulu, we placed two traps, one baited with cue lure and the other with methyl eugenol (male attractants for B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, respectively), in a single tree. For both species, dyed, mature males from recently established laboratory colonies were released 25, 50, 100, and 200 m from the traps along the four compass directions, and for B. dorsalis releases were also made 300 m from the traps. For both B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, the proportion of males captured varied significantly among study areas and among release distances. Averaged over the 3 sites, the percentage of released males captured varied from 14% for releases at 25 m to 0.5% for releases at 200 m for B. cucurbitae and from 21% for releases at 25 m to 3% for releases at 300 m for B. dorsalis. In general, the capture rates of B. cucurbitae males were similar between California and Hawaii, whereas the captures rates of B. dorsalis males were significantly higher in California than Hawaii for all releases distances tested. Distance-dependent capture rates were used to estimate detection sensitivities for the two species under a trapping regime utilizing 5 cue lure- and 5 methyl eugenol-baited traps per 2.59 km(2) (as currently employed in California) and then compare these sensitivities between California and H