FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kremer, RJ Kussman, RD AF Kremer, Robert J. Kussman, Robert D. TI Soil quality in a pecan-kura clover alley cropping system in the Midwestern USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Aggregate stability; Soil enzymes; Microbial ecology; Soil organic carbon; Total nitrogen; Cover crop; Soil conservation ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; LEGUME COVER CROPS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; TEMPERATE AGROFORESTRY; TRIFOLIUM-AMBIGUUM; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; ORCHARDS; COTTON; YIELD AB Intercropping alleys in agroforestry provides an income source until the tree crop produces harvestable yields. However, cultivation of annual crops decreases soil organic matter and increases soil erosion potential, especially on sloping landscapes. Perennial crops maintain a continuous soil cover, increase water infiltration, reduce soil erosion, and improve overall soil quality. The objective of this on-farm study was to assess the effects of a perennial legume, kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), on soil quality in a recently established pecan (Carya illinoinensis Wangenh. C. Koch) orchard. The pecankura clover agroforestry practice was established on deep loess soils of the Missouri River hills landscape. These silt loams are on 2-20% slopes and can be highly erosive. Kura clover, introduced as the alley crop 5 years after pecan planting, was selected based on its perennial growth habit, nitrogen-fixing ability, winter hardiness, high forage quality, and soil conservation properties. Kura clover was seeded in 2001 and harvested for hay annually beginning 2003. Soil quality indicators of total organic C, total N, water-stable aggregates, and selected soil enzymes were determined on surface soil samples collected annually after kura clover establishment. Soil organic C and activities of soil enzymes increased compared with cultivated and grass pasture control soils by the eighth year of establishment. Water-stable aggregation improved by 50% and surface soil shear strength improved significantly (P < 0.05) in alleys compared with control sites. Results illustrate that kura clover as the alley-cropped component improved soil fertility and biological activity through increased organic matter and improved soil structure, and yielded high quality forage valuable for the cattle-feeding operation. Kura clover maintained or improved soil quality, reduced soil erosion potential, and benefited pecan growth by providing a source of soil nitrogen and improving soil structure for adequate water infiltration and aeration. C1 [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kussman, Robert D.] Kussman Pecan & Cattle Farm, Dalton, MO 65246 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Bob.Kremer@ars.usda.gov FU Missouri Department of Agriculture FX We thank Lynn Stanley, Jenan Nichols, Jim Ortbals, Sarah Lafrenz, Heidi Lewis, Ashley Schlichenmayer, Lauren Spragg, Jennifer Smith, and John Gardner for technical assistance and Tom Wacek, Urbana Labs, for providing Rhizobium inoculant. Establishment of the agroforestry system was partially supported through a 2002 Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Award from the Missouri Department of Agriculture. Trade names are used for clarity and do not represent endorsement by USDA-ARS or the University of Missouri. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 SI SI BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s10457-011-9370-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 858OT UT WOS:000297811200010 ER PT J AU Joung, YH Picton, D Park, JO Roh, MS AF Joung, Young Hee Picton, Deric Park, Jae Ok Roh, Mark S. TI Molecular Evidence for the Interspecific Hybrid Origin of Ilex x wandoensis SO HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE I. cornuta; Ilex integra; internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region; restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP); sequence analysis ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PCR-RFLP; MARKERS; MITOCHONDRIAL; CHLOROPLAST; INFERENCE; REGION; LOCI AB The hybrid origin of Ilex x wandoensis C. F. Mill. & M. Kim was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using taxa-specific primers, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions, and sequence analysis of PCR amplicons of the ITS region. Five accessions of I. integra Thunb., three accessions of I. cornuta Lindl. & Paxton and 22 accessions of I. x wandoensis, tentatively characterized based on morphological characters, were selected and subjected to PCR analysis. Amplified products of the selected accessions were sequenced. Significant variations were observed in leaf morphology of I. x wandoensis accessions based on the presence of single or multiple teeth and cuneate or rounded base of the leaf blade. Based on the PCR amplifications, sequence and RFLP analysis using HhaI and HaeIII restriction enzymes, the hybrid origin of I. x wandoensis was confirmed. Some accessions appeared to be introgressant and either crossed back to I. integra or to I. cornuta based on the RFLP polymorphisms. Analysis of the ITS2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) using primers specific to certain taxon or taxa, and RFLP analysis of PCR amplicons proved to be useful tools to study the nature of interspecific hybridization and introgressions in complement with morphological characters. C1 [Joung, Young Hee] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Picton, Deric] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Park, Jae Ok] Jeollanam Do Agr Res & Extens Serv, Wando 537807, South Korea. [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Joung, YH (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM yhjoung@jnu.ac.kr NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI SUWON PA C/O NATL HORTICULTURAL RES INST, IMOK-DONG 475, JANGAN-GU, SUWON, 440-706, SOUTH KOREA SN 2211-3452 J9 HORTIC ENVIRON BIOTE JI Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 52 IS 5 BP 516 EP 523 DI 10.1007/s13580-011-0045-4 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 851QN UT WOS:000297286100011 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Gideon, M Kuhn, DN Mopper, S Nakamura, K AF Meerow, Alan W. Gideon, Michael Kuhn, David N. Mopper, Susan Nakamura, Kyoko TI THE GENETIC MOSAIC OF IRIS SERIES HEXAGONAE IN FLORIDA: INFERENCES ON THE HOLOCENE HISTORY OF THE LOUISIANA IRISES AND ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON THEIR DISTRIBUTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE iris; population genetics; population biology; simple sequence repeat; microsatellite; bottleneck; isolation by distance; founder effects; peripatric divergence; Florida; phytogeography ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLONAL PLANT; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; MICROSATELLITE DATA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; HYBRID SPECIATION AB Iris series Hexagonae is a small, monophyletic complex of five species and associated hybrid populations, popularly known as the "Louisiana irises." The Hexagonae alliance of Iris has been recognized as a textbook case of introgressive hybridization on the basis of numerous studies in Louisiana. In light of field observations of phenotypic heterogeneity among Florida populations, we investigated genetic variation within and among 37 populations of Iris series Hexagonae from Florida, seven from Louisiana, and one from Texas with 19 microsatellite loci. We wished to test the hypothesis that the Lake Wales Ridge and Polk Uplands of Florida, which remained above sea level maxima during the early Pleistocene, might be the sites of origin for all extant iris populations in Florida and possibly the series Hexagonae in its entirety. We also hypothesized that phenotypic heterogeneity observed in Florida iris would be reflected in patterns of allelic diversity. Finally, we wished to seek evidence of Native American influence on the present distribution of iris in Florida. Most populations display clonality, including three populations that are predominantly one or two clones. Levels of gene diversity are high and the populations are highly differentiated, although 19 exhibit significant homozygote excess. The majority of genetic variation occurs within populations. Genetic distance resolves three large clusters. One unites the southernmost populations with those from north-central Gulf coastal Florida. A second encompasses southwest Gulf coastal populations. If three compound repeat loci are dropped from the data, these two clusters are united. The third group joins populations derived from the Central Highlands of peninsular Florida, which are genetically isolated from all other peninsular Florida populations, with populations of Iris fulva, Iris brevicaulis, Iris giganticaerulea, and Iris hexagona s.s., supporting recognition of the latter two as distinct species. Model-based Bayesian clustering supports high population differentiation (K = 22) and isolation of Central Highlands populations, and it resolves the terminal clusters of the genetic distance topology. Isolation by distance is significant yet weak because of genetic distance relationships that contradict biogeographic expectations. We propose that the Lake Wales Ridge and Polk Uplands, which constituted the Wicomico shoreline during an early Pleistocene interglacial inundation, functioned as refugia for series Hexagonae. Moreover, we suggest that Florida iris populations occupying high, dry habitats close to the Central Highlands ridges represent relicts of once-larger populations that adapted to the more xeric condition during the last glacial maximum. These populations have a distinctive floral phenotype and are related to species of Hexagonae iris outside of peninsular Florida. Excessively clonal populations may have been deliberately cultivated by Native Americans, which may also have influenced the connection between southern and north-central Florida populations, but there is insufficient evidence to validate this hypothesis. Many populations test positively for recent bottlenecks, which we attribute primarily to founder effects, given the low migration rates of the species and the high degree of population differentiation as well as the Holocene geological history of the Florida peninsula. We present evidence of peripatric divergence in series Hexagonae iris and suggest that this may function as a significant generator of species diversity in the group. C1 [Meerow, Alan W.; Kuhn, David N.; Nakamura, Kyoko] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Gideon, Michael] Gideons Iris, Sarasota, FL 34234 USA. [Mopper, Susan] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov FU American Iris Society FX We are grateful to the American Iris Society for its grant support of this work and to Eric Dearing, Deborah Gideon, Aaron Gideon, and Steve Shepherd for field collection. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 173 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 172 IS 8 BP 1026 EP 1052 DI 10.1086/661295 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 853XO UT WOS:000297459200005 ER PT J AU Jiang, BA Lou, QF Wu, ZM Zhang, WP Wang, D Mbira, KG Weng, YQ Chen, JF AF Jiang, Biao Lou, Qunfeng Wu, Zhiming Zhang, Wanping Wang, Dong Mbira, Kere George Weng, Yiqun Chen, Jinfeng TI Retrotransposon- and microsatellite sequence-associated genomic changes in early generations of a newly synthesized allotetraploid Cucumis x hytivus Chen & Kirkbride SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polyploidization; Evolution; Retrotransposon; Cucumis; IRAP; REMAP; Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; ZIZANIA-LATIFOLIA; DNA METHYLATION; SATIVUS L.; WHEAT; ACTIVATION; POLYPLOIDS; EVOLUTION; PLANTS AB Allopolyploidization is considered an essential evolutionary process in plants that could trigger genomic shock in allopolyploid genome through activation of transcription of retrotransposons, which may be important in plant evolution. Two retrotransposon-based markers, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism and a microsatellite-based marker, inter simple sequence repeat were employed to investigate genomic changes in early generations of a newly synthesized allotetraploid Cucumis x hytivus Chen & Kirkbride (2n = 4x = 38) which was derived from crossing between cultivated cucumber C. sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14) and its wild relative C. hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24). Extensive genomic changes were observed, most of which involved the loss of parental DNA fragments and gain of novel fragments in the allotetraploid. Among the 28 fragments examined, 24 were lost while four were novel, suggesting that DNA sequence elimination is a relatively frequent event during polyploidization in Cucumis. Interestingly, of the 24 lost fragments, 18 were of C. hystrix origin, four were C. sativus-specific, and the remaining two were shared by both species, implying that fragment loss may be correlated with haploid DNA content (genome size) of diploid parents. Most changes were observed in the first generation after polyploidization (S(1)) and stably inherited in the subsequent three generations (S(2)-S(4)), indicating that genomic changes might be a rapid driving force for the stabilization of allotetraploids. Sequence analysis of 11 of the 28 altered DNA fragments showed that genomic changes in the allotetraploid occurred in both coding and non-coding regions, which might suggest that retrotransposons inserted into genome randomly and had a genome-wide effect on the allotetraploid evolution. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed a unique distribution of retrotransposon and/or microsatellite flanking sequences in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, where the preferential FISH signals occurred in the centromeric and telomeric regions, implying that these regions were the possible hotspots for genomic changes. C1 [Jiang, Biao; Lou, Qunfeng; Wu, Zhiming; Wang, Dong; Mbira, Kere George; Chen, Jinfeng] Nanjing Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Key Lab So Vegetable Crop Genet Improvement, Coll Hort, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Biao] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Vegetable Res Inst, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Zhiming] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Econ Crop Res, Shijiazhuang 050051, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Wanping] Guizhou Univ, Coll Agr, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China. [Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Key Lab So Vegetable Crop Genet Improvement, Coll Hort, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM yiqun.weng@ars.usda.gov; jfchen@njau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30830079, 31071801, 30972007]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB119000]; '863' Programs [2008AA10Z150]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2008BADB105]; Ministry of Education of China [20070307034, 20090097110024]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution FX This research was partially supported by the Key Program (30830079) and the General Program (31071801, 30972007) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB119000); the '863' Programs (2008AA10Z150); the National Supporting Programs (2008BADB105) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Ph. D. Funding (20070307034, 20090097110024) from the Ministry of Education of China; the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 77 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s11103-011-9804-y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 852QI UT WOS:000297372100002 PM 21805197 ER PT J AU Koch, F Smith, DR AF Koch, Frank Smith, David R. TI A NEW SPECIES OF CALIROA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) FROM SOUTH AFRICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Symphyta; Heterarthrinae; Caliroini; Afromontane Region; Limpopo Province; Mpumalanga Province AB Caliroa blanki, n. sp., the first native species of Caliroa from the Afrotropical Region, is described from South Africa. Differences in wing venation from usual Caliroa species and provisional placement in Caliroa are discussed. Discussion and records for the invasive Caliroa cerasi (L.) in South Africa are given. A distribution map is provided for both species. C1 [Koch, Frank] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Inst Systemat Zool, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Koch, F (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Inst Systemat Zool, Invalidenstr 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. EM frank.koch@mfn-berlin.de; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov FU German Research Foundation [445 SUA-113/8/1-3]; International Bureau of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research at the Project Management Agency c/o German Aerospace Center (DLR) [SUA 08/058] FX We are most grateful to the following for allowing examination of specimens in their care: C. D. Eardley (PPRI); M. Kruger (TMSA). The German Research Foundation (445 SUA-113/8/1-3) and the International Bureau of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research at the Project Management Agency c/o German Aerospace Center (DLR) (SUA 08/058) are gratefully acknowledged for providing a research grant. Mike Picker (ZUCT) provided information on C. cerasi. Michele Touchet, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC, helped with images 1-8. We thank the following for review of the manuscript: H. Goulet, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, and A. S. Konstantinov and T. J. Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 4 BP 442 EP 450 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.4.442 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 853QA UT WOS:000297439600005 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Marsh, PM AF Kula, Robert R. Marsh, Paul M. TI DORYCTINAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) OF KONZA PRAIRIE EXCLUDING SPECIES OF HETEROSPILUS HALIDAY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation; Flint Hills; gallery forest; Great Plains; Kansas; Nearctic; tallgrass prairie ID NEARCTIC DORYCTINAE; COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; NORTH-AMERICA; SPATHIUS NEES; LELUTHIA AB The results of a survey of Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), excluding species of Heterospilus Haliday, at Konza Prairie near Manhattan, Kansas are reported. Eleven sites representing prairie and woodland/wetland areas, including gallery forest, were sampled in 2001 and 2005 using Malaise and canopy traps. Topographic trap placement included lowland, midslope, and upland areas. Twenty-four species were collected, including 18 in 2001 and 16 in 2005. Twenty-three of the 24 species were collected from the woodland/wetland sites, including 19 from gallery forest sites; five of the 24 species were collected from the prairie sites. Rhaconotus fasciatus (Ashmead) was the most abundant species in 2001 (n = 13); Callihormius bifasciatus (Ashmead) and Coiba jeffersoni Kula were the most abundant species in 2005 (n = 10). The following new species are described: Doryctes xanthogaster Kula and Marsh, Doryctes xanthosoma Kula and Marsh, Doryctinus zolnerowichi Kula and Marsh, and Pambolidea dollari Kula and Marsh. Glyptocolastes caryae (Ashmead), status revised is removed from synonymy with Glyptocolastes rugulosus (Cresson), the type species for Doryctinus Roman. The latter species is transferred to Acrophasmus Enderlein, resulting in Acrophasmus as a new synonym of Doryctinus. Synonymy of the aforementioned genera results in the following nomenclatural changes: Doryctinus amazonicus (Roman), new combination; Doryctinus arizonensis (Marsh), new combination; Doryctinus atriventris (Cresson), new combination; Doryctinus butleri (Marsh), new combination; Doryctinus costaricensis (Marsh), new combination; Doryctinus erugatus (Marsh), new combination; Doryctinus exilis (Enderlein), new combination; Doryctinus ferrugineus (Marsh), new combination; Doryctinus gauldi (Marsh), new combination; Doryctinus immigrans (Beardsley), new combination; Doryctinus maeandrius (Enderlein), new combination; Doryctinus marshi Greenbaum, revised combination; Doryctinus rubronotum (Marsh), new combination; Doryctinus rugulosus (Cresson), revised combination; Doryctinus scobiciae (Marsh), new combination; and Doryctinus secundus (Muesebeck and Walkley), new combination. Doryctes infuscus Marsh is a new synonym of Doryctes rufipes (Provancher), Pioscelus wichitus (Viereck) is a new synonym of Pioscelus borealis (Ashmead), and Rhaconotus graciliformis (Viereck) is a new synonym of R. fasciatus. The following species are first records for Kansas: C. bifasciatus, Dendrosoter sulcatus Muesebeck, D. rufipes, D. ferrugineus, Ecphylus hypothenemi Ashmead, Ecphylus rohweri Muesebeck, Ontsira mellipes (Ashmead), and Rhaconotus canadensis Marsh. C1 [Kula, Robert R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov; swampy@wildblue.net NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 4 BP 451 EP 491 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.4.451 PG 41 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 853QA UT WOS:000297439600006 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL AF Norrbom, Allen L. TI A NEW SPECIES OF MOLYNOCOELIA GIGLIO-TOS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FROM ECUADOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; taxonomy AB Molynocoelia erwini Norrbom, a new species of fruit fly from Ecuador, is described and illustrated. It differs from its previously known congeners in wing pattern (not banded, distal half brown), scutal and scutellar markings, and male femoral setation. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 4 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.4.492 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 853QA UT WOS:000297439600007 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI USING GENITALIA CHARACTERS AND MITOCHONDRIAL COI SEQUENCES TO PLACE "LEUCOCHLAENA" HIPPARIS (DRUCE) IN SPODOPTERA GUENEE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DNA barcode region; morphology; taxonomy ID DNA BARCODES; SKIPPER BUTTERFLIES; GENUS AB The species "Leucochlaena" hipparis (Druce) belongs in the genus Spodoptera based on morphological characters of the male and female genitalia, as well as maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis of the 658 bp "barcode" region of cytochrome oxidae (COI). Adult and male and female genitalia are illustrated. Cladograms are included to illustrate the placement of "Leucochlaena" hipparis within Spodoptera. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 4 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.4.497 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 853QA UT WOS:000297439600008 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Tripotin, P AF Smith, Davto R. Tripotin, Pierre TI AULACIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) OF KOREA, WITH NOTES ON THEIR BIOLOGY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE parasitic wasps; Asia; Cerambycidae; Buprestidae; Xiphydriidae ID FAMILY AULACIDAE; XIPHYDRIIDAE; EVANIOIDEA AB Five species of Aulacidae are recorded from Korea: Aulacus salicius Sun and Sheng, 2007, Pristaulacus insularis Konishi, 1990, Pristaulacus intermedius Uchida, 1932, Pristaulacus kostylevi Alekseev,1986, and Pristaulacus jirisani Smith and Tripotin, new species. All except P intermedius represent new country records. A key to species and a diagnosis of each species are provided. Collection notes are given for each species, indicating that Xiphydria palaeanarctica Semenov (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) is the host for A. salicius, and Cerambycidae and possibly Buprestidae (Coleoptera) are the hosts for the Pristaulacus species. C1 [Smith, Davto R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; p_tripotin@hotmail.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 4 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.113.4.519 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 853QA UT WOS:000297439600010 ER PT J AU Schulte, LA Mottl, EC Palik, BJ AF Schulte, Lisa A. Mottl, Erik C. Palik, Brian J. TI The association of two invasive shrubs, common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) and Tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica), with oak communities in the midwestern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTED AMAZONIAN LANDSCAPE; LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; FOREST EDGES; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; EUROPEAN BUCKTHORN; NEW-YORK; DYNAMICS; VEGETATION; INDIANA; USA AB Oak forests throughout North America are declining due to changes in disturbance regimes that have led to increased competition from other tree and shrub species. We evaluated associations between oak regeneration, the occurrence of two common invasive shrubs (common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) and Tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica L.)), and forest edges in oak forests in a portion of the midwestern United States where bur (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.), red (Quercus rubra L.), and white oak (Quercus alba L.) were historically dominant. We found poor recruitment of oaks in comparison to other, more shade-tolerant tree species. Results further revealed a strong stand-scale association between bur oak, open canopy conditions, high soil nutrient levels, and the presence of common buckthorn and Tartarian honeysuckle; these same site characteristics were disassociated with red and white oak. Within red and white oak stands, however, the presence of the invasive shrubs was more pronounced near forest edges. While oak recruitment is hampered throughout stands, our research suggests that predominant constraints may vary based on soil and light gradients found along forest edges. C1 [Schulte, Lisa A.; Mottl, Erik C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Schulte, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lschulte@iastate.edu FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station; Agriculture Experiment Station at Iowa State University [IOW5057] FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station and the Agriculture Experiment Station at Iowa State University (project IOW5057). Philip Dixon, Kirk Moloney, Todd Hanson, and Todd Ontl provided statistical and technical assistance. Jaymi LeBrun and Dan Gates assisted with field data collection. Jon Cole, Larry Gates, Ann Pierce, and Dave Svien provided input on research design and accessing field locations. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 67 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1981 EP 1992 DI 10.1139/X11-112 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 851MP UT WOS:000297275500008 ER PT J AU Hessl, AE Saladyga, T Schuler, T Clark, P Wixom, J AF Hessl, Amy E. Saladyga, Tom Schuler, Thomas Clark, Peter Wixom, Joshua TI Fire history from three species on a central Appalachian ridgetop SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TABLE MOUNTAIN PINE; GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; RED PINE; WEST-VIRGINIA; OAK FORESTS; SOUTHERN; PUNGENS; WILDFIRE; STANDS; USA AB The impact of settlement era fires on Appalachian forests was substantial, but whether these fires affected the extent of fire-adapted ridgetop plant communities is poorly understood. Here we present fire history and stand structure of an Appalachian ridgetop (Pike Knob, West Virginia) based on fire scars from three species (Pinus pungens Lamb., Pinus resinosa So land., and Quercus rubra L.) and stand structure from two species (P. pungens and P. resinosa). Our research objectives are to determine (i) the degree to which the fire frequency on Pike Knob was affected by European American settlement (similar to 1780-1900) and (ii) how the history of fire on Pike Knob shaped the current age structure of P. resinosa and P. pungens. All three species documented fire activity beginning in the mid- to late 1800s and continuing into the middle of the 20th century, when pasture lands were most active. The majority of P. pungens and P. resinosa established during or shortly after the similar to 85-year period of fires (1868-1953), suggesting a strong influence of past land use on current forest composition. Ridgetop pine communities have been resilient to both the absence of fire and frequent fire, indicating that pine communities will also be resilient to modern fire management, whether fire is excluded or re-introduced. C1 [Hessl, Amy E.; Saladyga, Tom; Clark, Peter; Wixom, Joshua] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Schuler, Thomas] US Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Hessl, AE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, POB 6300, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM amy.hessl@mail.wvu.edu NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2031 EP 2039 DI 10.1139/X11-125 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 851MP UT WOS:000297275500013 ER PT J AU Bigelow, SW North, MP Salk, CF AF Bigelow, Seth W. North, Malcolm P. Salk, Carl F. TI Using light to predict fuels-reduction and group-selection effects on succession in Sierran mixed-conifer forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; HIGH IRRADIANCE; TREE GROWTH; CHANGE RANK; PERFORMANCE; CALIFORNIA; UNDERSTORY; SAPLINGS; GRADIENT; SIZE AB Many semi-arid coniferous forests in western North America have reached historically unprecedented densities over the past 150 years and are dominated by shade-tolerant trees. Silvicultural treatments generally open the canopy but may not restore shade-intolerant species. We determined crossover-point irradiance (CPI) (light at which the height growth rank of pairs of species changes) for seedlings in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest and used these to interpret light environments produced by fuels-reduction thinning and group selection with reserved large trees. Nine of 21 species pairs had well-defined CPIs. The CPI of the most common shade-tolerant and intolerant species (white fir (Abies concolor (Gordon & Glendl.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson)) was 22.5 mol.m(-2).day(-1) or 41% of full sun. Median understory irradiance increased from 9.2 mol.m(-2)day(-1) (17% full sun) in pretreatment forest to 13 mol.m(-2).day(-1) (24% full sun) in lightly and 15.5 mol.m(-2).day(-1) (28% full sun) in moderately thinned stands and 37 mol.m(-2).day(-1) (67% full sun) in group-selection openings. We estimate that 5%-20% of ground area in lightly to moderately thinned stands would have enough light to favor shade-intolerant over shade-tolerant growth compared with 89% of ground area in group-selection openings. The CPI provides a tool to assess regeneration implications of treatment modification such as increasing heterogeneity of thinning to enhance regeneration or reserving large trees in group-selection openings to maintain wildlife habitat. C1 [Bigelow, Seth W.; North, Malcolm P.; Salk, Carl F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [North, Malcolm P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bigelow, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM sbigelow@fs.fed.us OI Salk, Carl/0000-0003-2833-8292 FU US Forest Service Region; National Fire Plan FX Jim Baldwin provided statistical advice and programming. Keith Perchemlides and S. Livingston led field crews and made valuable contributions to data collection and processing. K. Bovee, E. Ellsmore, S. Ratering, A. Black, J. Birnbaum, B. Rock, H. Lau, J. Katz, and K. Le Coq collected field data. A. White, M. Connor, M. Bokach, and K. Hubbard critiqued the manuscript. The project was administered by the US Forest Service Mt. Hough Ranger District and funded by US Forest Service Region 5 and the National Fire Plan. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2051 EP 2063 DI 10.1139/X11-120 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 851MP UT WOS:000297275500015 ER PT J AU Nayak, B Berrios, JDJ Powers, JR Tang, J Ji, YL AF Nayak, Balunkeswar Berrios, Jose De J. Powers, Joseph R. Tang, Juming Ji, Yulin TI COLORED POTATOES (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) DRIED FOR ANTIOXIDANT-RICH VALUE-ADDED FOODS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; PHENOLIC CONTENT; PURPLE-FLESH; CAPACITY; RED; DEGRADATION; FRUITS; VEGETABLES; CULTIVARS; EXTRACTS AB Colored potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are a significant source of antioxidants from polyphenols, carotenoids and ascorbic acid. In this study, the retention of total antioxidants in fresh colored potatoes and processed potato flakes prepared as potential ingredients for snack foods was studied. Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and total anthocyanins were higher in purple potato flesh compared with those from red, yellow and white potato cultivars. Peeled purple potatoes were blanched and dehydrated by freeze drying (FD), drum drying and refractance window drying to prepare potato flakes. Results showed no significant losses in total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in flakes in all drying methods obtained under study. However, 45, 41 and 23% losses in total anthocyanins content were observed in potato flakes after FD, drum drying and refractive window drying, respectively. Colored potatoes could provide an excellent source of antioxidant-rich ingredient for the production of nutritionally enhanced food products. C1 [Nayak, Balunkeswar; Tang, Juming; Ji, Yulin] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Berrios, Jose De J.] USDA, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Powers, Joseph R.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM jtang@wsu.edu RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009; Nayak, Balunkeswar/P-7935-2014 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004; Nayak, Balunkeswar/0000-0001-5831-5193 FU Washington State Potato Commission, Moses Lake, WA, USA FX We acknowledge the financial support from Washington State Potato Commission, Moses Lake, WA, USA and partial support from Washington State University Agricultural Research Center. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0145-8892 EI 1745-4549 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 35 IS 5 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2010.00502.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 852CB UT WOS:000297322200002 ER PT J AU Milczarek, RR Mccarthy, MJ AF Milczarek, Rebecca R. Mccarthy, Michael J. TI PREDICTION OF PROCESSING TOMATO PEELING OUTCOMES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID PEELABILITY; ANATOMY; DAMAGE AB Peeling outcomes of processing tomatoes were predicted using multivariate analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images. Tomatoes were obtained from a whole-peel production line. Each fruit was imaged using a 7-tesla MR system, and a multivariate data set was created from 28 different images. After imaging, the fruits were individually tagged and processed in a pilot peeling system. An expert grader then assessed the peeling outcome for each fruit; outcomes included whole peel,some skin attached and seven others. The multivariate analysis techniques of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used to predict peeling outcome from the 28 MR images. The PLS-DA model for the whole peel (best) outcome correctly classified 81% of the fruit that were in this category. The SIMCA model performed well for rejecting non-whole peel fruit but did not perform as well for identification of whole peel fruit. C1 [Mccarthy, Michael J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mccarthy, Michael J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Milczarek, Rebecca R.] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mccarthy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjmccarthy@ucdavis.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), National Research Initiative [2007-02632] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), National Research Initiative proposal number 2007-02632. We also thank ConAgra Foods for providing tomato samples, access to pilot processing equipment, and research support staff. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 35 IS 5 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00512.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 852CB UT WOS:000297322200010 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Mcaloon, AJ AF Onwulata, C. I. Mcaloon, A. J. TI COST ESTIMATES OF TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDED PRODUCTS: TEXTURIZED WHEY PROTEIN SNACKS AND CORN-SOY BLEND USED FOR EMERGENCY FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID EXTRUSION-COOKING; FLOUR AB The operating costs associated with twin-screw extrusion cooking of various foods are fixed for a given size and production capacity for any class of products; the greater percentage of costs arise from the choice of ingredients and the product end use. For example, extruder texturized whey proteins (TWP) is a new class of ingredients with expanded functionality and range of applications such as in protein-enriched snacks. The cost to produce twin-screw extruder TWP was estimated to range from $0.67/kg to $11.63/kg depending on the protein concentration of the whey and the other ingredients. Extrusion cooking was also applied to a type of raw product purchased by the U.S. government for emergency feeding overseas under the Food for Peace program (P.L. 480 Title II program). The food, a mixture of corn, soy protein concentrate and soybean oil, and minerals blend (cornsoy blend) could be produced from $0.45 to $0.55/kg. C1 [Onwulata, C. I.; Mcaloon, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM charles.onwulata@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 35 IS 5 BP 665 EP 676 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00516.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 852CB UT WOS:000297322200014 ER PT J AU Poudyal, NC Siry, J Bowker, JM AF Poudyal, Neelam C. Siry, Jacek Bowker, J. M. TI Urban Forests and Carbon Markets: Buyers' Perspectives SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE urban forestry; carbon credits; market; buyers; offset projects; carbon credit price ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; SEQUESTRATION; RESOURCE; TREES; USA AB Currently, carbon credit prices frequently do not reflect the type and location of offset projects. Because of the social image and ancillary benefits, buyers may place higher value on credits sourced from certain types of projects such as urban forestry. This study surveyed carbon credit buyers participating in the Chicago Climate Exchange to assess their preferences for credits from various offset projects. Specifically, it evaluated the desirability of carbon credits sourced from urban forestry projects and analyzed buyers' preferences, motivations, and attitudes toward a price premium for credits from urban forests. Results indicate that the buyers are largely interested in knowing the type and location of offset projects. Locally generated credits were strongly preferred to those produced farther away, and credits sourced from urban forestry projects were more desirable than those sourced from other common projects currently in the market, such as methane capture or agriculture. Buyers indicated environmental and social benefits, offset quality, environmental responsibility, and public image as motivations for preferring credits sourced from urban forestry projects, for which they were also willing to pay a modest price premium. Furthermore, significant differences in preferences and willingness to pay were observed between buyers with different corporate goals, emission levels, and geographical scope of operation. C1 [Poudyal, Neelam C.; Siry, Jacek] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bowker, J. M.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Poudyal, NC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM npoudyal@warnell.uga.edu; jsiry@warnell.uga.edu; mbowker@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 BP 378 EP 385 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 839ZV UT WOS:000296408900004 ER PT J AU Tidwell, T Brown, H AF Tidwell, Tom Brown, Hutch TI Moving Toward a Restoration Economy SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FORESTS; FUTURE C1 [Tidwell, Tom; Brown, Hutch] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Tidwell, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 BP 386 EP 390 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 839ZV UT WOS:000296408900005 ER PT J AU Lal, P Alavalapati, JRR Mercer, ED AF Lal, Pankaj Alavalapati, Janaki R. R. Mercer, Evan D. TI Socio-economic impacts of climate change on rural United States SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Nonmetro; Vulnerability; Coping capacity; Climate change adaptation; Indigenous community ID CHANGE VULNERABILITY; NATIONAL-PARK; CROP YIELDS; FOREST; SUSTAINABILITY; AGRICULTURE; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA AB Directly or indirectly, positively or negatively, climate change will affect all sectors and regions of the United States. The impacts, however, will not be homogenous across regions, sectors, population groups or time. The literature specifically related to how climate change will affect rural communities, their resilience, and adaptive capacity in the United States (U. S.) is scarce. This article bridges this knowledge gap through an extensive review of the current state of knowledge to make inferences about the rural communities vulnerability to climate change based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios. Our analysis shows that rural communities tend to be more vulnerable than their urban counterparts due to factors such as demography, occupations, earnings, literacy, poverty incidence, and dependency on government funds. Climate change impacts on rural communities differs across regions and economic sectors; some will likely benefit while others lose. Rural communities engaged in agricultural and forest related activities in the Northeast might benefit, while those in the Southwest and Southeast could face additional water stress and increased energy cost respectively. Developing adaptation and mitigation policy options geared towards reducing climatic vulnerability of rural communities is warranted. A set of regional and local studies is needed to delineate climate change impacts across rural and urban communities, and to develop appropriate policies to mitigate these impacts. Integrating research across disciplines, strengthening research-policy linkages, integrating ecosystem services while undertaking resource valuation, and expanding alternative energy sources, might also enhance coping capacity of rural communities in face of future climate change. C1 [Lal, Pankaj; Alavalapati, Janaki R. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mercer, Evan D.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lal, P (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, 305 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pankajlal7@gmail.com FU United States Forest Service Southern Research Station FX This project was funded by the United States Forest Service Southern Research Station. Any positions or opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the United States Forest Service. Any errors or inaccuracies in this article are the sole responsibility of the authors. The authors wish to thank the following reviewers for their helpful comments in the earlier version of the article that is being published as a chapter in USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station General Technical Report 837: Linda Langner, National Program Leader for the Resource Planning Act Assessment, J. Michael Bowker of the Southern Research Station, and Ellen M. Donoghue of Pacific Northwest Research Station, all of U. S. Forest Service, as well as G. Andrew Stainback of the Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky. Thanks also go to Jaganaddha Rao Matta, Forestry Officer Finance, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations for his helpful insights. We are grateful to three anonymous referees for their useful comments NR 124 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 16 IS 7 BP 819 EP 844 DI 10.1007/s11027-011-9295-9 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852OU UT WOS:000297368100006 ER PT J AU Parnell, LD Lindenbaum, P Shameer, K Dall'Olio, GM Swan, DC Jensen, LJ Cockell, SJ Pedersen, BS Mangan, ME Miller, CA Albert, I AF Parnell, Laurence D. Lindenbaum, Pierre Shameer, Khader Marco Dall'Olio, Giovanni Swan, Daniel C. Jensen, Lars Juhl Cockell, Simon J. Pedersen, Brent S. Mangan, Mary E. Miller, Christopher A. Albert, Istvan TI BioStar: An Online Question & Answer Resource for the Bioinformatics Community SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Parnell, Laurence D.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lindenbaum, Pierre] CHU Hotel Dieu, Inst Thorax, INSERM, U915, Nantes, France. [Shameer, Khader] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Shameer, Khader] Mayo Clin, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Marco Dall'Olio, Giovanni] CEXS UPF PRBB, Inst Evolutionary Biol UPF CSIC, IBE, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Swan, Daniel C.; Cockell, Simon J.] Newcastle Univ, Bioinformat Support Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Jensen, Lars Juhl] Univ Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Prot Res, Fac Hlth Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pedersen, Brent S.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Ctr Genes Environm & Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Miller, Christopher A.] Washington Univ, Genome Inst, St Louis, MO USA. [Mangan, Mary E.] OpenHelix LLC, Bellevue, WA USA. [Albert, Istvan] Penn State Univ, Bioinformat Consulting Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Parnell, LD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM iua1@psu.edu RI Lindenbaum, Pierre/A-7154-2008; Khader, Shameer/J-2564-2016; OI Lindenbaum, Pierre/0000-0003-0148-9787; Khader, Shameer/0000-0002-9982-1911; Dall'Olio, Giovanni Marco/0000-0001-9057-2480; Mangan, Mary/0000-0001-5198-1759; Jensen, Lars Juhl/0000-0001-7885-715X; Cockell, Simon/0000-0002-6831-9806; Swan, Daniel/0000-0001-8978-8129 FU NSF [MCB-0618402, CCF-0643529]; NIH [1R55AI065507 - 01A2, 1 R01 GM083113-01]; NIH/NCRR [UL1RR033184]; FPI from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain [SAF-2007-63171/BES-2009-017731] FX This work was partially supported by NSF grants MCB-0618402 and CCF-0643529 (CAREER), NIH grants 1R55AI065507 - 01A2 and 1 R01 GM083113-01, NIH/NCRR grant number UL1RR033184, and FPI fellowship SAF-2007-63171/BES-2009-017731 from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain. These funders had no role in the design of BioStar, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 7 IS 10 AR e1002216 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002216 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 851IW UT WOS:000297262700039 PM 22046109 ER PT J AU Aulakh, JS Price, AJ Balkcom, KS AF Aulakh, J. S. Price, A. J. Balkcom, K. S. TI Weed Management and Cotton Yield under Two Row Spacings in Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems Utilizing Conventional, Glufosinate-, and Glyphosate-based Weed Management Systems SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cover crop; herbicide seed trait; integrated pest management ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; AMARANTH AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; 3 WINTER CEREALS; RESISTANT CROPS; NARROW-ROW; NONTRANSGENIC COTTON; HERBICIDE-RESISTANT; EFFICACY; FUTURE AB A field experiment was conducted during three cropping seasons to compare weed control and cotton yield provided by conventional (CV), glufosinate-resistant (LL), and glyphosate-resistant (RR) weed management systems under standard (102 cm) and narrow (38 cm) row spacing grown in conventional and conservation tillage systems. The conventional tillage and/or CV cotton received a PRE application of pendimethalin. The CV, LL, and RR cotton varieties received two POST applications of pyrithiobac, glufosinate, and glyphosate, respectively, at two- and four-leaf cotton growth stages. A final (LAYBY) application of trifloxysulfuron was applied to 38-cm row cotton while a LAYBY POST-directed spray of prometryn plus MSMA was used in 102-cm row cotton. The LL and RR weed management systems controlled at least 97% of large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and smallflower morningglory, while the CV system controlled 89, 73, and 87 to 98% of large crabgrass, smallflower morningglory, and Palmer amaranth, respectively. Sicklepod control increased from 85% in 102-cm rows to 95% in 38-cm rows in the CV herbicide system. Yellow nutsedge and pitted morningglory control exceeded 98% and was not affected by tillage, row spacing, or weed management system. Cotton yield was not affected by row spacing any year, by tillage in 2005, or by weed management system in 2004 and 2005. In 2006, yield in the RR weed management system was 27 and 24% higher than LL and CV weed management systems, respectively. In 2004, yield of conventional tillage cotton was 18% higher than conservation tillage cotton, but in 2006 the yield in conservation tillage was 12% higher than conventional tillage. C1 [Aulakh, J. S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM Andrew.Price@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.1614/WT-D-10-00124.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 853NZ UT WOS:000297434300004 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Wehtje, G Sibley, J Miller, ME Gilliam, CH Krause, C AF Altland, James E. Wehtje, Glenn Sibley, Jeff Miller, Michael E. Gilliam, Charles H. Krause, Charles TI Differential Response of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) Tissue to POST-Applied Quinoclamine SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll; Bryophyta; herbicide absorption; nursery crops; ultrastructure ID CHLOROPHYLL; DICAMBA AB Quinoclamine is used in Europe, and was under evaluation in the Unites States for the control of liverwort in nursery crops. Liverwort is a nonvascular, chlorophyll-containing plant that can be problematic in greenhouse and nursery crops. POST-applied quinoclamine controls liverwort. However, liverwort structures vary in their sensitivity to POST-applied quinoclamine. Specifically, archegonial receptacles (female) are much more tolerant of quinoclamine than either antheridial receptacles (male) or thalli (leaflike structures). A series of studies were conducted to, first, document the degree of differential sensitivity between tissues to quinoclamine, and second, to determine the basis of this differential sensitivity. The dose that results in 50% of the population being controlled (150) of antheridial receptacles and juvenile thalli were estimated to be 1.60 and 1.27 kg.ha(-1), respectively. The 150 of archegonial receptacles could not be estimated, but exceeded 10.45 kg.ha(-1). Chlorophyll content varied between liverwort tissues, but the content did not correlate to quinoclamine sensitivity. Absorption of (14)C after application of radiolabeled quinoclamine was less in archegonial receptacles than in either antheridial receptacles or thalli. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of the liverwort tissues revealed that archegonial receptacles had smaller pores (equivalent to stomata in higher plants) than either antheridial receptacles or thalli. The tolerance of archegonial receptacles to quinoclamine can be partially, but not exclusively, attributed to reduced absorption. This reduced absorption may be attributed to the limited pore size and less total pore area of the archegonial receptacles. C1 [Altland, James E.; Krause, Charles] ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Wehtje, Glenn; Sibley, Jeff; Miller, Michael E.; Gilliam, Charles H.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM james.altland@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 580 EP 585 DI 10.1614/WT-D-10-00135.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 853NZ UT WOS:000297434300010 ER PT J AU Curran, WS Ryan, MR Myers, MW Adler, PR AF Curran, William S. Ryan, Matthew R. Myers, Matthew W. Adler, Paul R. TI Effectiveness of Sulfosulfuron and Quinclorac for Weed Control during Switchgrass Establishment SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; perennial grass ID PANICUM-VIRGATUM; BIG BLUESTEM; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; BIOENERGY; CULTIVARS; BIOFUELS; GRASSES AB We conducted a field experiment in 2007 and 2008 and repeated it in a separate field in 2008 and 2009 to test the effectiveness of two herbicides applied at two different times on weed control during switchgrass establishment. At 4 and 6 wk after switchgrass planting (WAP), sulfosulfuron was applied at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ai ha(-1) with nonionic surfactant and quinclorac was applied at 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg ai ha(-1) with methylated seed oil. Herbicides applied at 4 WAP tended to be more effective than at 6 WAP. Sulfosulfuron provided greater control of smooth pigweed; however, quinclorac provided greater control of yellow foxtail, a grass weed that has traditionally been difficult to control with herbicides in switchgrass. Average yellow foxtail control was 73, 87, and 93% for quinclorac at 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 kg ha(-1), respectively, compared to 62 and 60% for sulfosulfuron at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ha(-1), respectively. Switchgrass injury (chlorosis and height reduction relative to the untreated control) was observed, but most symptoms were not detectable by 8 wk after treatment (WAT) for most treatments. Plots that received quinclorac at 0.56 kg ha(-1) at 6 WAP tended to have relatively low weed biomass and high total aboveground yield in the establishment year and relatively high total aboveground yield in the year after establishment. C1 [Curran, William S.; Ryan, Matthew R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Curran, WS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wcurran@psu.edu FU College of Agricultural Sciences at Penn State University; USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit at University Park FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the College of Agricultural Sciences at Penn State University and the USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit at University Park, as well much-needed assistance from several undergraduate and graduate students. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00010.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 853NZ UT WOS:000297434300013 ER PT J AU Felix, J Boydston, R Burke, IC AF Felix, Joel Boydston, Rick Burke, Ian C. TI Potato Response to Simulated Glyphosate Drift SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Potato hooking stage; glyphosate application timing; shikimic acid ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM RESPONSE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SHIKIMATE ACCUMULATION; RESISTANT COTTON; DOSE-RESPONSE; HERBICIDES; TRANSLOCATION; GLUFOSINATE; WHEAT; SIZE AB Field studies were conducted in 2008 in Ontario, OR and Paterson, WA to determine the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on 'Ranger Russet' potato, including visual injury, shikimic acid accumulation, and tuber yield. Glyphosate was applied at 8.5, 54, 107, 215, and 423 g ae ha(-1); which corresponds to 0.01, 0.064, 0.126, 0.254, and 0.5 of the lowest recommended (846 g ha(-1)) single application dose for glyphosate-resistant corn and sugar beet. Glyphosate was applied when potato plants were at 10-cm height, stolon hooking, tuber initiation, or bulking stage. The greatest visual foliar injury was observed when glyphosate was applied at a dose of 54 g haT/ha or greater and potato plants were at the hooking stage. The lowest foliar injury was observed when glyphosate was applied to potato plants at the bulking stage. The I(50) glyphosate dose at 42 d after treatment (DAT) was estimated to be 167 g ha(-1) for potatoes sprayed at the hooking stage. The corresponding glyphosate dose to result in 50% injury, for potatoes sprayed at tuber initiation, 10-cm height, and bulking stages were 129%, 338%, and 438%, respectively, greater than hooking stage. The U.S. No.1 potato yield was inversely related to vine injury and shikimic acid accumulation. Shikimic acid accumulation increased when glyphosate was applied at 107 g ha(-1) or greater. U.S. No.1 potato yield was reduced by 46% and 84% relative to the untreated control (55 and 76 T/ha) when glyphosate was applied at 107 g ha(-1) to plants in the booking stage at Ontario and Paterson, respectively. Tuber yields at both sites were lowest when glyphosate was applied at hooking and tuber initiation stages. C1 [Felix, Joel] Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. ARS, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Felix, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, 595 Onion Ave, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. EM Joel.Felix@oregonstate.edu NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1614/WT-D-11-00001.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 853NZ UT WOS:000297434300020 ER PT J AU Bischoff, KM de Rezende, ST Larson, TM Liu, SQ Hughes, SR Rich, JO AF Bischoff, Kenneth M. de Rezende, Sebastiao T. Larson, Troy M. Liu, Siqing Hughes, Stephen R. Rich, Joseph O. TI Purification and characterization of arabinofuranosidase from the corn endophyte Acremonium zeae SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acremonium; Arabinofuranosidase; Biomass; Lignocellulose; Xylanase ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; FERMENTATION; CONVERSION; ENZYMES AB Acremonium zeae, one of the most prevalent fungal colonists of preharvest corn, possesses a suite of hemicellulolytic activities including xylanase, xylosidase, and arabinofuranosidase. Two enzymes with arabinofuranosidase activity were purified from cell-free culture supernatants of A. zeae grown on oat spelt xylan. A 47 kDa enzyme (AF47) was optimally active at 37 degrees C and pH 6.0, and had a specific activity for 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4NPA) of 6.2 U/mg. A 30 kDa enzyme (AF30) was optimally active at 50 degrees C and pH 4.5, and had a specific activity for 4NPA of 12.4 U/mg. AF47 hydrolyzed 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside, 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside, as well as producing reducing sugars from corn fiber, wheat, and oat spelt arabinoxylan. AF30 had little detectable activity on the 4-nitrophenyl substrates, except for 4NPA, but activity on arabinoxylans from corn fiber, wheat, and oat spelt was at least 7-fold higher than AF47, with specific activities of 109, 358, and 153 U/mg, respectively. A combination of the two enzymes released 61 and 88% of the total arabinose from corn fiber and wheat arabinoxylans. The arabinofuranosidases produced by A. zeae may have industrial application for the enzymatic hydrolysis of recalcitrant lignocellulosic feedstocks such as corn fiber and wheat straw. C1 [Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Larson, Troy M.; Liu, Siqing; Hughes, Stephen R.; Rich, Joseph O.] ARS, Renewable Product Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [de Rezende, Sebastiao T.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Product Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenneth.bischoff@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2013 EP 2018 DI 10.1007/s10529-011-0658-9 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 849ZA UT WOS:000297162900014 PM 21671092 ER PT J AU Thompson, PC Rosenthal, BM Hare, MP AF Thompson, Peter C. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Hare, Matthew P. TI An evolutionary legacy of sex and clonal reproduction in the protistan oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus (vol 11, pg 598, 2011) SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Correction C1 [Thompson, Peter C.; Hare, Matthew P.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] ARS, Biosystemat Unit, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thompson, PC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, 1210 Biol Psychol Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pete.c.thompson@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1823 EP 1823 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.07.004 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 849LK UT WOS:000297126800039 ER PT J AU Sutton, AE Arthur, FH Zhu, KY Campbell, JF Murray, LW AF Sutton, A. E. Arthur, F. H. Zhu, K. Y. Campbell, J. F. Murray, L. W. TI Residual efficacy of synergized pyrethrin plus methoprene aerosol against larvae of Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; Tribolium castaneum; Tribolium confusum; Insect pest management; Methoprene; Pyrethrins ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BETA-CYFLUTHRIN; HYDROPRENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMBINATION; FUMIGATION; SPINOSAD AB Wheat flour and different packaging surfaces (cardboard, flour bag, muslin bag, paper bag, pallet wrap, plastic overwrap, polyethylene) were exposed to aerosol formulations of either 1% active ingredient (AI) pyrethrin (synergized with piperonyl butoxide)+ 33.6% (AI) methoprene or 3% (AI) pyrethrin + 33.6% AI methoprene. The mixture was formulated as specified on the insecticide labels to give a 100 to 1 ratio of active ingredient pyrethrin to methoprene. Residual bioassays were conducted every two weeks for 16 weeks post-exposure to the aerosol by placing four-week-old larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), or the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Jacqueline duVal), on treated flour or a treated packaging surface with untreated flour added. T castaneum was clearly the more susceptible of the two species. Less than 2% of T. castaneum larvae exposed to aerosol-treated flour or packaging surfaces emerged as normal adults, regardless of the pyrethrin concentration. Most of the T. castaneum larvae on treated flour did not advance to the pupal stage because they were either developmentally arrested or died as larvae. They were able to develop further on the treated packaging surfaces, but still could not emerge as adults. T. confusum larvae exposed to aerosol-treated flour or packaging surfaces were able to develop to the pupal or adult stage. Emergence of normal-appearing adults from T. confusum larvae exposed on the packaging surfaces treated with 1% pyrethrin + methoprene gradually increased (range of 29.7 +/- 2.9 to 49.0 +/- 6.7%, depending on the surface), whereas adult emergence of larvae exposed to treated flour peaked at 10 weeks post-exposure. However, when T. confusum was exposed to 3% pyrethrin + methoprene treated flour or packaging surfaces, adult emergence was reduced. Overall there were few significant differences attributable to the individual packaging surfaces. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Arthur, F. H.; Campbell, J. F.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Sutton, A. E.; Zhu, K. Y.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Murray, L. W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU USDA/CSREES [2006-51102-03588] FX The authors thank A. D. Gibson and S. R. Starkey for technical assistance with this research. The authors also thank C. Shannon for constructing Tables 3 and 4. This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or by Kansas State University. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This study was supported by the USDA/CSREES Methyl Bromide Transitions Program (Award No. 2006-51102-03588). This paper is contribution number 11-216-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2011.08.001 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 841WL UT WOS:000296545800019 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW AF Flinn, Paul W. Hagstrum, David W. TI Movement of Rhyzopertha dominica in response to temperature gradients in stored wheat SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha dominica; Movement; Temperature gradient; Stored grain ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; LAEMOPHLOEIDAE; TENEBRIONIDAE; DISPERSION; CUCUJIDAE; BEETLES AB The movement and temperature preference of Rhyzopertha dominica was determined in a 56 cm diameter cylinder with 9 cm high sides containing 19.9 kg of hard red winter wheat. Two temperature gradients were tested over a 24 h period: 42 to 20 degrees C and 24 to 20 degrees C with the cooler temperature being on the periphery of the cylinder. No preference existed when there was no temperature gradient. Beetles preferred the moderate temperature region of the cylinder in the 42 to 20 degrees C gradient, but avoided the highest temperature region. In the 24 to 20 degrees C gradient, insects did not move very much during the 24 h period. When a longer duration was used (96 h) for the 24 to 20 degrees C gradient, there were significantly more insects in the warmest center region of the gradient compared to the middle or outer regions. Compared to other stored grain Coleoptera, such as Cryptolestes ferrugineus, R. dominica appears to move more slowly through the grain into preferred temperature regions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Flinn, Paul W.; Hagstrum, David W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paulflinn@ars.usda.gov RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2011.08.003 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 841WL UT WOS:000296545800020 ER PT J AU Simon, R Fuentes, AF Spooner, DM AF Simon, Reinhard Fuentes, Alfredo F. Spooner, David M. TI Biogeographic Implications of the Striking Discovery of a 4,000 Kilometer Disjunct Population of the Wild Potato Solanum morelliforme in South America SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Disjunction; MaxEnt; randomForest method; Solanum morelliforme; wild potatoes ID CHLOROPLAST DNA EVIDENCE; SOLANACEAE; TAXONOMY; PETOTA; RESOURCES AB Solanum morelliforme is an epiphytic wild potato (Solanum section Petota) species widely distributed throughout central Mexico to Honduras. A strikingly disjunct (approximately 4,000 km) population was recently discovered in Bolivia, representing the first record of this species in South America, and the first species in the section growing in both North and Central America and in South America. Our maximum entropy analysis of 19 climatic variables matches the occurrence of the South American locality with great precision. It demonstrates the strong predictive quality of this procedure and suggests similar localities where this species may be found, especially along the eastern slopes of the Andes in the Yungas region of southern Peru and Bolivia. In addition, the presence of S. morelliforme in South America adds to emerging data from yet other sources to question long-held hypotheses of the origin of section Petota in North and Central America. C1 [Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fuentes, Alfredo F.] Herbario Nacl Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia. [Fuentes, Alfredo F.] Missouri Bot Garden, La Paz, Bolivia. [Simon, Reinhard] Int Potato Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov OI Simon, Reinhard/0000-0002-4608-9077 FU NSF [DEB-0316614] FX This work was funded in part by NSF Planetary Biodiversity Inventory program grant DEB-0316614 to DMS entitled PBI Solarium: A worldwide treatment (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesour ce/). We thank Michael Nee for information on collecting in Bolivia. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1067 DI 10.1600/036364411X605065 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 850GK UT WOS:000297182900024 ER PT J AU Li, YH Yang, LM Pathak, M Li, DW He, XM Weng, YQ AF Li, Yuhong Yang, Luming Pathak, Mamta Li, Dawei He, Xiaoming Weng, Yiqun TI Fine genetic mapping of cp: a recessive gene for compact (dwarf) plant architecture in cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; BRASSINOSTEROIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; MARKERS; GENOME; GROWTH; LEADS; ARABIDOPSIS; TRAITS; FRUIT AB The compact (dwarf) plant architecture is an important trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) breeding that has the potential to be used in once-over mechanical harvest of cucumber production. Compact growth habit is controlled by a simply inherited recessive gene cp. With 150 F(2:3) families derived from two inbred cucumber lines, PI 308915 (compact vining) and PI 249561 (regular vining), we conducted genome-wide molecular mapping with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers. A framework genetic map was constructed consisting of 187 SSR loci in seven linkage groups (chromosomes) covering 527.5 cM. Linkage analysis placed cp at the distal half of the long arm of cucumber Chromosome 4. Molecular markers cosegregating with the cp locus were identified through whole genome scaffold-based chromosome walking. Fine genetic mapping with 1,269 F2 plants delimited the cp locus to a 220 kb genomic DNA region. Annotation and function prediction of genes in this region identified a homolog of the cytokinin oxidase (CKX) gene, which may be a potential candidate of compact gene. Alignment of the CKX gene homologs from both parental lines revealed a 3-bp deletion in the first exon of PI 308915, which can serve as a marker for marker-assisted selection of the compact phenotype. This work also provides a solid foundation for map-based cloning of the compact gene and understanding the molecular mechanisms of the dwarfing in cucumber. C1 [Li, Yuhong; Yang, Luming; Pathak, Mamta; Li, Dawei; He, Xiaoming; Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Li, Yuhong; Li, Dawei] NW A&F Univ, Hort Coll, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Pathak, Mamta] Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Vegetable Crops, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. [He, Xiaoming] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Vegetable Res Inst, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Weng, Yiqun] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weng, YQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM weng4@wisc.edu FU China Scholarship Council, China; Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China FX The authors thank Linda Crubaugh for technical assistance, Michael Havey for critical reading of the manuscript. Yuhong Li was supported by a scholarship sponsored by the China Scholarship Council, China. Mamta Pathak was supported by a training grant from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Xiaoming He was supported by the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. The authors greatly appreciate the support of these sponsors. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 123 IS 6 BP 973 EP 983 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1640-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 850MP UT WOS:000297199200008 PM 21735235 ER PT J AU Gurung, S Mamidi, S Bonman, JM Jackson, EW del Rio, LE Acevedo, M Mergoum, M Adhikari, TB AF Gurung, S. Mamidi, S. Bonman, J. M. Jackson, E. W. del Rio, L. E. Acevedo, M. Mergoum, M. Adhikari, T. B. TI Identification of novel genomic regions associated with resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in spring wheat landraces using association analysis SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TAN SPOT RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MAYS SSP PARVIGLUMIS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; WIDE ASSOCIATION; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT AB Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a major foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Host plant resistance is the best strategy to manage this disease. Traditionally, bi-parental mapping populations have been used to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting tan spot resistance in wheat. The association mapping (AM) could be an alternative approach to identify QTL based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) within a diverse germplasm set. In this study, we assessed resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in 567 spring wheat landraces from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC). Using 832 diversity array technology (DArT) markers, QTL for resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 were identified. A linear model with principal components suggests that at least seven and three DArT markers were significantly associated with resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5, respectively. The DArT markers associated with resistance to race 1 were detected on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5B, and 7D and explained 1.3-3.1% of the phenotypic variance, while markers associated with resistance to race 5 were distributed on 2D, 6A and 7D, and explained 2.2-5.9% of the phenotypic variance. Some of the genomic regions identified in this study correspond to previously identified loci responsible for resistance to P. tritici-repentis, offering validation for our AM approach. Other regions identified were novel and could possess genes useful for resistance breeding. Some DArT markers associated with resistance to race 1 also were localized in the same regions of wheat chromosomes where QTL for resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, have been mapped previously. This study demonstrates that AM can be a useful approach to identify and map novel genomic regions involved in resistance to P. tritici-repentis. C1 [Gurung, S.; del Rio, L. E.; Acevedo, M.; Adhikari, T. B.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NDSU Dept 7660, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Mamidi, S.; Mergoum, M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, NDSU Dept 7670, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Bonman, J. M.; Jackson, E. W.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Adhikari, TB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NDSU Dept 7660, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM tika.adhikari@ndsu.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014; OI mamidi, sujan/0000-0002-3837-6121 FU Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota, North Dakota Wheat Commission; State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota; USDA-ARS [58-5366-0-133] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this project from the Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota, North Dakota Wheat Commission, and State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota, and USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-5366-0-133. We are grateful to Dr. Andrzej Kilian for DArT marker data analysis and Jana Hansen for technical help. NR 74 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1041 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1645-1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 850MP UT WOS:000297199200013 PM 21744229 ER PT J AU Coutts, BA Kehoe, MA Webster, CG Wylie, SJ Jones, RAC AF Coutts, Brenda A. Kehoe, Monica A. Webster, Craig G. Wylie, Stephen J. Jones, Roger A. C. TI Indigenous and introduced potyviruses of legumes and Passiflora spp. from Australia: biological properties and comparison of coat protein nucleotide sequences SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-MOSAIC-VIRUS; SOUTH-WEST AUSTRALIA; NON-NECROTIC STRAINS; LUPINUS-ANGUSTIFOLIUS; MOLECULAR RESOLUTION; FLORISTIC REGION; GENOME; CROPS; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Five Australian potyviruses, passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV), passiflora mosaic virus (PaMV), passiflora virus Y, clitoria chlorosis virus (ClCV) and hardenbergia mosaic virus (HarMV), and two introduced potyviruses, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAbMV), were detected in nine wild or cultivated Passiflora and legume species growing in tropical, subtropical or Mediterranean climatic regions of Western Australia. When ClCV (1), PaMV (1), PaVY (8) and PWV (5) isolates were inoculated to 15 plant species, PWV and two PaVY P. foetida isolates infected P. edulis and P. caerulea readily but legumes only occasionally. Another PaVY P. foetida isolate resembled five PaVY legume isolates in infecting legumes readily but not infecting P. edulis. PaMV resembled PaVY legume isolates in legumes but also infected P. edulis. ClCV did not infect P. edulis or P. caerulea and behaved differently from PaVY legume isolates and PaMV when inoculated to two legume species. When complete coat protein (CP) nucleotide (nt) sequences of 33 new isolates were compared with 41 others, PWV (8), HarMV (4), PaMV (1) and ClCV (1) were within a large group of Australian isolates, while PaVY (14), CAbMV (1) and BCMV (3) isolates were in three other groups. Variation among PWV and PaVY isolates was sufficient for division into four clades each (I-IV). A variable block of 56 amino acid residues at the N-terminal region of the CPs of PaMV and ClCV distinguished them from PWV. Comparison of PWV, PaMV and ClCV CP sequences showed that nt identities were both above and below the 76-77% potyvirus species threshold level. This research gives insights into invasion of new hosts by potyviruses at the natural vegetation and cultivated area interface, and illustrates the potential of indigenous viruses to emerge to infect introduced plants. C1 [Coutts, Brenda A.; Kehoe, Monica A.; Jones, Roger A. C.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Coutts, Brenda A.; Kehoe, Monica A.; Webster, Craig G.; Jones, Roger A. C.] Dept Agr & Food, Perth, WA 6983, Australia. [Webster, Craig G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Wylie, Stephen J.] Murdoch Univ, Western Australian State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. RP Jones, RAC (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM roger.jones@agric.wa.gov.au RI Jones, Roger/B-1200-2011; Wylie, Stephen/M-5910-2013 OI Jones, Roger/0000-0003-3593-3102; Wylie, Stephen/0000-0002-5639-7460 FU Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia; Horticulture Australia Ltd FX We thank all those mentioned in the text for supplying virus isolates, Adrian Gibbs for helpful discussions, and Stuart Vincent and Eva Gajda for help with plant maintenance and ELISA. The Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, and Horticulture Australia Ltd provided financial support. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 156 IS 10 BP 1757 EP 1774 DI 10.1007/s00705-011-1046-4 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 841KC UT WOS:000296510200007 PM 21744001 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Wagner, K AF Haas, Michael J. Wagner, Karen TI Simplifying biodiesel production: The direct or in situ transesterification of algal biomass SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algal biofuels; Algal oil; Biodiesel; Fats and oils utilization; Fatty acid ester; Fatty acid esterification; In situ esterification ID RICE BRAN OIL; SUNFLOWER SEED OIL; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; ALKALINE TRANSESTERIFICATION; TRANS-ESTERIFICATION; COTTONSEED OIL; MICROALGAE; INSITU; MEAL AB The in situ esterification/transesterification of algal biomass lipids to produce FAME for potential use as biodiesel was investigated. Commercial algal biomass was employed, containing 20.9 wt% hexane extractable oil. This consisted of 35.1 wt% free fatty acids (FFA), 18.2 wt% TAG, and 8.8 wt% MAG, accounting for 62.1% of the extractable material. Other constituents of the hexane extractable material, accounting for 37.9% of the extracts, were not further characterized. The predominant fatty acids in the oil were palmitic (42.4 wt%), oleic (30.6 wt%), linoleic (22.8 wt%), and linolenic (16.1 wt%). Small amounts of 10-keto 16:0 and 10-OH 16:0 fatty acids were also present. Statistical experimental design was employed to coordinately examine the effects of the amounts of methanol, sulfuric acid, and reaction temperature (23-658C) on the yield of FAME in 2 h reactions. Three methods of feedstock preparation were examined - as received, oven dried, and water-washed/dried. For all feedstocks conditions could be identified which were predicted to yield greater than 90% maximum theoretical FAME production. Oven drying the feedstock reduced the amount of methanol required, with 83% of maximum yield obtained at a methanol/fatty acid molar ratio of 220:1 (4 mL methanol/g substrate). Water washing the biomass did not reduce the methanol required for high level transesterification. Practical applications: In biodiesel production by the conventional method of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of a refined vegetable oil/the combination of feedstock and process costs threatens the economic viability of biofuel production. In situ esterification/transesterification is a method for producing biodiesel wherein a lipid-bearing material is directly treated with reagents that catalyze fatty acid alkyl ester production from FFA and acylglycerols. By eliminating the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, this approach to biodiesel production eliminates some of the processing steps required by contemporary methods. This could provide a welcome reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. There is presently considerable interest in the possibility of biofuel production from algal biomass. This study describes the application and optimization of in situ transesterification to a lipid-bearing algal biomass. Application of this technology could facilitate the economical production of biodiesel from algal biomass. C1 [Haas, Michael J.; Wagner, Karen] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM michael.haas@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 10 BP 1219 EP 1229 DI 10.1002/ejlt.201100106 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 847YP UT WOS:000297012300006 ER PT J AU Lin, A Nguyen, L Lee, T Clotilde, LM Kase, JA Son, I Carter, JM Lauzon, CR AF Lin, Andrew Lam Nguyen Lee, Teresa Clotilde, Laurie M. Kase, Julie A. Son, Insook Carter, J. Mark Lauzon, Carol R. TI Rapid O serogroup identification of the ten most clinically relevant STECs by Luminex microbead-based suspension array SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE STEC; O serogroup identification; Multi-plex PCR; Luminex ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIGEN GENE-CLUSTER; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HEALTHY DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; NON-O157 SHIGA TOXIN; VIRULENCE MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; CATTLE AB Identification and serotyping of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia calf during foodborne outbreaks can aid in matching clinical, food, and environmental isolates when trying to identify the source of illness and ultimately food contamination. Herein we describe a Luminex microbead-based suspension array to identify the O serogroup of the ten most clinically relevant STECs: O26, O45, O91, O103, O111, O113, O121, O128, O145, and O157. The use of PCR followed by Luminex xMAP (R) technology enables the detection of multiple analytes in a single multiplex reaction with high throughput capabilities. One hundred and fourteen STEC isolates were correctly identified with no false positives among forty-six other organisms using this assay. Assay performance was tested in multiple laboratories using a panel of eleven different STEC serogroups on the BioPlex 200 and MAGPIX instruments. The STEC microbead-based suspension array can be performed in a 96-well plate format for high throughput screening in less than 4 h. Furthermore, it is expandable, allowing for the addition of O serogroups should the need arise. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lin, Andrew; Lee, Teresa] US FDA, San Francisco Dist Lab, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. [Lam Nguyen; Lauzon, Carol R.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Biol Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Clotilde, Laurie M.; Carter, J. Mark] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kase, Julie A.; Son, Insook] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Lin, A (reprint author), 1431 Harbor Bay Pkwy, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. EM andrew.lin@fda.hhs.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 FU FDA San Francisco District Laboratory; ORA Division of Field Science; California State University FX The authors would like to thank the STEC Center at Michigan State University's National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, East Lansing, MI, Robert Mandrell, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Albany, CA, the Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH, Atin Datta, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Laurel, MD, and the Orange County Public Health Laboratory, Santa Ana, CA for generously sharing their bacterial cultures. The authors would like to thank Sherry Dunbar, Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX for technical support. The authors would also like to thank the FDA San Francisco District Laboratory and the ORA Division of Field Science for their support of this research. This work was primarily supported by the California State University Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2011 VL 87 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.07.019 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 847BH UT WOS:000296946400016 PM 21835211 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA Raphael, MG Ruggiero, LF Shirk, AS Wasserman, TN O'Doherty, EC AF Cushman, S. A. Raphael, M. G. Ruggiero, L. F. Shirk, A. S. Wasserman, T. N. O'Doherty, E. C. TI Limiting factors and landscape connectivity: the American marten in the Rocky Mountains SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American marten; Martes americana; Path-selection; Fragmentation; Limiting-factors ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BOREAL FOREST; NATIONAL-PARK; SELECTION; EXTINCTION; THRESHOLDS; MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE; MAMMALS; PATTERN AB In mobile animals, movement behavior can maximize fitness by optimizing access to critical resources and minimizing risk of predation. We sought to evaluate several hypotheses regarding the effects of landscape structure on American marten foraging path selection in a landscape experiencing forest perforation by patchcut logging. We hypothesized that in the uncut pre-treatment landscape marten would choose foraging paths to maximize access to cover types that support the highest density of prey. In contrast, in the post-treatment landscapes we hypothesized marten would choose paths primarily to avoid crossing openings, and that this would limit their ability to optimally select paths to maximize foraging success. Our limiting factor analysis shows that different resistant models may be supported under changing landscape conditions due to threshold effects, even when a species' response to landscape variables is constant. Our results support previous work showing forest harvest strongly affects marten movement behavior. The most important result of our study, however, is that the influence of these features changes dramatically depending on the degree to which timber harvest limits available movement paths. Marten choose foraging paths in uncut landscapes to maximize time spent in cover types providing the highest density of prey species. In contrast, following landscape perforation by patchcuts, marten strongly select paths to avoid crossing unforested areas. This strong response to patch cutting reduces their ability to optimize foraging paths to vegetation type. Marten likely avoid non-forested areas in fragmented landscapes to reduce risk of predation and to benefit thermoregulation in winter, but in doing so they may suffer a secondary cost of decreased foraging efficiency. C1 [Cushman, S. A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Raphael, M. G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Ruggiero, L. F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Shirk, A. S.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Wasserman, T. N.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [O'Doherty, E. C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Laramie, WY USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; mraphael@fs.fed.us; lruggiero@fs.fed.us; ashirk@u.washington.edu; tnw11@nau.edu; eodoherty@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1137 EP 1149 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9645-8 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 849SI UT WOS:000297145000007 ER PT J AU Fukuda, Y Tatsukawa, E Saneoka, H Hoshina, T Uefuji, M Victor, R AF Fukuda, Yasuko Tatsukawa, Eiko Saneoka, Hirofumi Hoshina, Tohru Uefuji, Mitsuhiro Victor, Raboy TI Growth characteristics, phytate contents, and coagulation properties of soymilk from a low-phytate Japanese soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) line SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE low-phytate line; phosphorus; phytate; soybean; tofu ID PHYTIC ACID CONTENT; PROTEIN-CONTENT; TOFU TEXTURE; VARIETIES; PHOSPHORUS; GRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; CONSISTENCY; MUTANTS; CALCIUM AB The phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate or InsP(6)) content of seed crops is important to their nutritional quality. Since it represents 75 +/- 10% of the total seed phosphorus (P), phytic acid is also important regarding the management of P in agricultural production. A low-phytate F5 line, No. T-2-250-4-20, was selected from the progeny of a cross between the low-phytate soybean line CX1834 and the Japanese commercial cultivar Tanbakuro. This line and its parents were grown in a field nursery, and the growth characteristics, phytate accumulation, and processing suitability for tofu were evaluated. At full maturity, the weight of seeds per plant of line T-2-250-4-20 was 5.2- and 1.3-fold higher than that of CX1834 and Tanbakuro, respectively. The amount of phytate-phosphorus as a percentage of the total P content in seeds was 23% in line T-2-250-4-20-34, 30% in CX1834, and 69% in Tanbakuro. No significant difference was observed among the three cultivars/lines in their seed magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), crude protein, and sugar. However, the calcium (Ca), crude fat and ash contents in seeds of line T-2-250-4-20-34 and Tanbakuro was lowered compared to that of CX1834. The breaking stress of tofu was estimated employing a rheometer with a decreasing concentration of the coagulant magnesium chloride (MgCl(2)), starting at 15.7 mmol L(-1). In tofu made from Tanbakuro, the concentration of MgCl(2) required to achieve the maximum breaking stress was 12.6 mmol however, it was 9.5 mmol L(-1) for tofu made from T-2-250-4-20-34 and CX1834. The tofu made from Tanbakuro was soft and broke at 6.3 mmol L(-1) MgCl(2), but, in line T-2-250-4-20-34, harder tofu was made with lower MgCl(2), concentrations. No difference was observed among the cultivars/lines in the SOS-PAGE patterns of protein in soymilk. These results indicate that we have developed a low-phytate soybean with adequate productivity, and confirmed that tofu made from the low-phytate T-2-250-4-20-34 soybean becomes coagulated and harder at a lower MgCl(2) concentration than that from high-phytate soybean cultivars. C1 [Saneoka, Hirofumi] Hiroshima Univ, Lab Plant Nutr Physiol, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398528, Japan. [Hoshina, Tohru; Uefuji, Mitsuhiro] Agr Technol Res Ctr, Hiroshinia Prefectural Technol Res Inst, Higashihiroshima 7390151, Japan. [Victor, Raboy] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Saneoka, H (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Lab Plant Nutr Physiol, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 7398528, Japan. EM saneoka@hiroshima-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19380013] FX This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (19380013) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 674 EP 680 DI 10.1080/00380768.2011.608167 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 848TU UT WOS:000297078800006 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Birell, SJ Hess, JR AF Karlen, Douglas L. Birell, Stuart J. Hess, J. Richard TI A five-year assessment of corn stover harvest in central Iowa, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Single-pass stover harvest system; Biofuel feedstock; Nutrient removal; Sustainability; Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF); Renewable energy assessment project (REAP) ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CROP RESIDUES; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; YIELD; TILLAGE; SUSTAINABILITY; REMOVAL; SYSTEM AB Sustainable feedstock harvest strategies are needed to ensure bioenergy production does not irreversibly degrade soil resources. The objective for this study was to document corn (Zea mays L.) grain and stover fraction yields, plant nutrient removal and replacement costs, feedstock quality, soil-test changes, and soil quality indicator response to four stover harvest strategies for continuous corn and a corn-soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] rotation. The treatments included collecting (1) all standing plant material above a stubble height of 10 cm (whole plant), (2) the upper-half by height (ear shank upward), (3) the lower-half by height (from the 10 cm stubble height to just below the earshank), or (4) no removal. Collectable biomass from Treatment 2 averaged 3.9 (+/- 0.8) Mg ha(-1) for continuous corn (2005 through 2009), and 4.8 (+/- 0.4) Mg ha(-1) for the rotated corn (2005, 2007, and 2009). Compared to harvesting only the grain, collecting stover increased the average N-P-K removal by 29, 3 and 34 kg ha(-1) for continuous corn and 42, 3, and 34 kg ha(-1) for rotated corn, respectively. Harvesting the lower-half of the corn plant (Treatment 3) required two passes, resulted in frequent plugging of the combine, and provided a feedstock with low quality for conversion to biofuel. Therefore. Treatment 3 was replaced by a "cobs-only" harvest starting in 2009. Structural sugars glucan and xylan accounted for up to 60% of the chemical composition, while galactan, arabinan, and mannose constituted less than 5% of the harvest fractions collected from 2005 through 2008. Soil-test data from samples collected after the first harvest (2005) revealed low to very low plant-available P and K levels which reduced soybean yield in 2006 after harvesting the whole-plant in 2005. Average continuous corn yields were 21% lower than rotated yields with no significant differences due to stover harvest. Rotated corn yields in 2009 showed some significant differences, presumably because soil-test P was again in the low range. A soil quality analysis using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) with six indicators showed that soils at the continuous corn and rotated sites were functioning at an average of 93 and 83% of their inherent potential, respectively. With good crop management practices, including routine soil-testing, adequate fertilization, maintenance of soil organic matter, sustained soil structure, and prevention of wind, water or tillage erosion, a portion of the corn stover being produced in central Iowa, USA can be harvested in a sustainable manner. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Karlen, Douglas L.] ARS, USDA, NLAE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Birell, Stuart J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hess, J. Richard] Idaho Natl Lab, Bioenergy Technol Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NLAE, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Doug.Karlen@ars.usda.gov; sbirrell@iastate.edu; jrichard.hess@inl.gov FU North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs [DE-FC36-05GO85041] FX This research was supported in part by the North Central Regional Sun Grant Center at South Dakota State University through a grant provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs under award number DE-FC36-05GO85041. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD OCT-NOV PY 2011 VL 115 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.still.2011.06.006 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 848ZG UT WOS:000297093000005 ER PT J AU Cui, JB Lapan, H Moschini, G Cooper, J AF Cui, Jingbo Lapan, Harvey Moschini, GianCarlo Cooper, Joseph TI Welfare Impacts of Alternative Biofuel and Energy Policies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE biofuel policies; carbon tax; ethanol subsidy; gasoline tax; greenhouse gas emissions; mandates; renewable fuel standard; second best; Q2; H2; F1 ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; ETHANOL; ECONOMICS; EMISSIONS; SUBSIDIES; MARKET; TAX AB An open-economy equilibrium model is derived to investigate the effects of energy policy on the U.S. economy, with emphasis on corn-based ethanol. A second best policy of a fuel tax and ethanol subsidy is found to approximate fairly closely the welfare gains associated with the first best policy of an optimal carbon tax and tariffs on traded goods. The largest economic gains to the U.S. economy from these energy policies arise from their impact on U.S. terms of trade, particularly in the oil market. Conditional on the current fuel tax, an optimal ethanol mandate is superior to an optimal ethanol subsidy. C1 [Cui, Jingbo; Lapan, Harvey; Moschini, GianCarlo] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cooper, Joseph] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Atlantic City, NJ USA. RP Cui, JB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU Economic Research Service FX Jingbo Cui is a Ph.D. student, Harvey Lapan is a university professor, and GianCarlo Moschini is professor and Pioneer Chair in Science and Technology Policy, all with the Department of Economics, Iowa State University. Joseph Cooper is with the Economic Research Service, USDA. This study was partially supported by a cooperative research project with the Economic Research Service. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and may not be attributed to the Economic Research Service or the USDA. The authors thank editor Erik Lichtenberg and the journal's reviewers for helpful comments. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1256 DI 10.1093/ajae/aar053 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 836FW UT WOS:000296096900001 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Zhu, JY Scordia, D Jeffries, TW AF Lee, Jae-Won Zhu, J. Y. Scordia, Danilo Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Evaluation of Ethanol Production from Corncob Using Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis CBS 6054 by Volumetric Scale-up SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pretreatment; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Corncob; Ethanol ID SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION; PRETREATMENT AB In scale-up, the potential of ethanol production by dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment using corncob was investigated. Pretreatments were performed at 170 A degrees C with various acid concentrations ranging from 0% to 1.656% based on oven dry weight. Following pretreatment, pretreated biomass yield ranged from 59% to 67%. More than 90% of xylan was removed at 0.828% of sulfuric acid. At same pretreatment condition, the highest glucose yield obtained from pretreated biomass by enzymatic hydrolysis was about 76%, based on a glucan content of 37/100 g. In hydrolysate obtained by pretreatment, glucose concentration was low, while xylose concentration was significantly increased above 0.368% of sulfuric acid. At 1.656% of sulfuric acid, xylose and glucose concentration was highest. In subsequent, fermentation with hydrolysate, maximal ethanol yield was attained after 24 h with 0.368% of sulfuric acid. The fermentation efficiency of hydrolysate obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis reached a maximum of 75% at an acid charge of 0.368%. C1 [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Bioenergy Res Ctr, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Lee, Jae-Won] Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Forest Prod & Technol, Program BK21, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Zhu, J. Y.; Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Scordia, Danilo] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci Prod Agr & Alimentari DISPA, I-95123 Catania, Italy. RP Lee, JW (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Bioenergy Res Ctr, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM ljw43376@chonnam.ac.kr RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Scordia, Danilo/0000-0002-3822-788X FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0018393]; EdenIQ [CRADA 08-RD-11111126-007]; Forest Products Laboratory FX This work was supported by Priority Research Centers Programs through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Project No. 2011-0018393) to J.-W. Lee and by EdenIQ under CRADA 08-RD-11111126-007 with the Forest Products Laboratory. The authors thank Frederick J. Matt of the Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Laboratory of the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for carrying out the carbohydrate determination. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 814 EP 822 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9299-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 842ZB UT WOS:000296640000006 PM 21671055 ER PT J AU Nghiem, NP Taylor, F Johnston, DB Shetty, JK Hicks, KB AF Nghiem, Nhuan P. Taylor, Frank Johnston, David B. Shetty, Jay K. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Scale-up of Ethanol Production from Winter Barley by the EDGE (Enhanced Dry Grind Enzymatic) Process in Fermentors up to 300 l SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ethanol fermentation; Winter barley; beta-Glucans; Process scale-up; Biorefinery AB A fermentation process, which was designated the enhanced dry grind enzymatic (EDGE) process, has recently been developed for barley ethanol production. In the EDGE process, in addition to the enzymes normally required for starch hydrolysis, commercial beta-glucanases were used to hydrolyze (1,3)(1,4)-beta-d-glucans to smaller molecules, thus reducing the viscosity of the mash to levels sufficiently low to allow transport and mixing in commercial equipment. Another enzyme, a developmental beta-glucosidase, then was used to hydrolyze the resulting oligomers to glucose, which subsequently was fermented to produce additional ethanol. The EDGE process was developed with Thoroughbred, a winter hulled barley, using a shake flask model. To move toward commercialization, it is necessary to prove that the developed process would be applicable to other barley varieties and also to demonstrate its scalability. Experiments were performed in 7.5, 70, and 300-l fermentors using Thoroughbred and Eve, a winter hull-less barley. It was shown that the process was scalable for both barley varieties. Low levels of glucose throughout the course of the fermentations demonstrated the high efficiency of the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. Final ethanol concentrations of 14% (v/v) were achieved for initial total solids of 28.5-30% (w/w), which gave an ethanol yield of 83-87% of the theoretical values. The distillers dried grains with solubles co-products contained very low levels of beta-glucans and thus were suitable for use in feed formulations for all animal species. C1 [Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Taylor, Frank; Johnston, David B.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Shetty, Jay K.] Genencor, Danisco Div, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Nghiem@ars.usda.gov FU Genencor, a Danisco Division [58-3K95-6-1155-M]; ARS-USDA [58-3K95-6-1155-M] FX The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Gerard Senske of the ERRC, who performed the experiments. The invaluable assistance of Mike Pepsin of Genencor and Robert Moreau, Michael Powell, Mike Kurantz, and Jennifer Thomas of the ERRC in sample analysis also is sincerely appreciated. This work was partly funded by Cooperative Research and Development Agreement #58-3K95-6-1155-M between Genencor, a Danisco Division, and ARS-USDA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 870 EP 882 DI 10.1007/s12010-011-9304-1 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 842ZB UT WOS:000296640000011 PM 21667197 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Rock, CM Lohse, K Walworth, J AF McLain, Jean E. T. Rock, Channah M. Lohse, Kathleen Walworth, James TI False-positive identification of Escherichia coli in treated municipal wastewater and wastewater-irrigated soils SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE water reuse; water quality; fecal indicator bacteria; selective media ID BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; TOTAL COLIFORMS; DRINKING-WATER; FECAL-COLIFORM; DIFFERENT MEDIA; ENUMERATION; GALACTOSIDASE; TEMPERATURE; CEFSULODIN; RECOVERY AB The increasing use of treated wastewater for irrigation heightens the importance of accurate monitoring of water quality. Chromogenic media, because they are easy to use and provide rapid results, are often used for detection of Escherichia coli in environmental samples, but unique levels of organic and inorganic compounds alter the chemistry of treated wastewater, potentially hindering the accurate performance of chromogenic media. We used MI agar and molecular confirmatory methods to assess false-positive identification of E. coli in treated wastewater samples collected from municipal utilities, an irrigation holding pond, irrigated soils, and in samples collected from storm flows destined for groundwater recharge. False-positive rates in storm flows (4.0%) agreed closely with USEPA technical literature but were higher in samples from the pond, soils, and treatment facilities (33.3%, 38.0%, and 48.8%, respectively). Sequencing of false-positive isolates confirmed that most were, like E. coli, of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and many of the false-positive isolates were reported to produce the beta-D-glucuronidase enzyme targeted by MI agar. False-positive identification rates were inversely related to air temperature, suggesting that seasonal variations in water quality influence E. coli identification. Knowledge of factors contributing to failure of chromogenic media will lead to manufacturer enhancements in media quality and performance and will ultimately increase the accuracy of future water quality monitoring programs. C1 [McLain, Jean E. T.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Rock, Channah M.; Walworth, James] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lohse, Kathleen] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP McLain, JET (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jean.mclain@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 57 IS 10 BP 775 EP 784 DI 10.1139/W11-070 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 847QW UT WOS:000296988600002 PM 21936679 ER PT J AU Filiatrault, MJ AF Filiatrault, Melanie J. TI Progress in prokaryotic transcriptomics SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENOMIC TILING MICROARRAYS; NONCODING RNAS; MICROBIAL METATRANSCRIPTOMICS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; ANTISENSE RNAS; SOLUBLE-RNAS; START SITES; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; DISCOVERY AB Genome-wide expression studies transformed the field of transcriptomics and made it feasible to study global gene expression in extraordinary detail. These new methods have revealed an enhanced view of the transcriptional landscape and have yielded many biological insights. It is increasingly clear that the prokaryotic transcriptome is much more complex than once thought. Recent advances in microbial transcriptome analyses are highlighted in this review. Areas of progress include the development of optimized techniques that minimize the abundance of ribosomal RNAs in RNA samples as well as the development of novel methods to create transcriptome libraries. Advances such as these have led to a new emphasis in areas such as metatranscriptomics and single cell gene expression studies. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Microbe Interact Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Filiatrault, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Microbe Interact Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Melanie.Filiatrault@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 55 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 14 IS 5 BP 579 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.023 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 847BB UT WOS:000296945800012 PM 21839669 ER PT J AU Raciti, SM Groffman, PM Jenkins, JC Pouyat, RV Fahey, TJ Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML AF Raciti, Steve M. Groffman, Peter M. Jenkins, Jennifer C. Pouyat, Richard V. Fahey, Timothy J. Pickett, Steward T. A. Cadenasso, Mary L. TI Nitrate production and availability in residential soils SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE development; forest; land use; lawn fertilization; nitrate; nitrogen; residential land; soil; turfgrass; urban areas ID COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; NITROGEN LOSSES; UNITED-STATES; HOME LAWNS; LAND-USE; URBAN; ECOSYSTEM; RETENTION; FORESTS; FERTILIZATION AB The rapid increase in residential land area in the United States has raised concern about water pollution associated with nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) is the form of reactive N that is most susceptible to leaching and runoff; thus, a more thorough understanding of nitrification and NO(3)(-) availability is needed if we are to accurately predict the consequences of residential expansion for water quality. In particular, there have been few assessments of how the land use history, housing density, and age of residential soils influence NO(3)(-) pools and fluxes, especially at depth. In this study, we used 1 m deep soil cores to evaluate potential net nitrification and mineralization, microbial respiration and biomass, and soil NO(3) and NH(4)(+) pools in 32 residential home lawns that differed by previous land use and age, but had similar soil types. These were compared to eight forested reference sites with similar soils. Our results suggest that a change to residential land use has increased pools and production of reactive N, which has clear implications for water quality in the region. However, the results contradict the common assumption that NO(3)(-) production and availability is dramatically higher in residential soils than in forests in general. While net nitrification (128.6 +/- 15.5 mg.m(-2).d(-1) vs. 4.7 +/- 2.3 mg.m(-2).d(-1); mean +/- SE) and exchangeable NO(3)(-) (3.8 +/- 0.5 g/m(2) vs. 0.7 +/- 0.3 g/m(2)) were significantly higher in residential soils than in forest soils in this study, these measures of NO(3)(-) production and availability were still notably low, comparable to deciduous forest stands in other studies. A second unexpected result was that current homeowner management practices were not predictive of NO(3)(-) availability or production. This may reflect the transient availability of inorganic N after fertilizer application. Higher housing density and a history of agricultural land use were predictors of greater NO(3)(-) availability in residential soils. If these factors are good predictors across a wider range of sites, they may be useful indicators of NO(3)(-) availability and leaching and runoff potential at the landscape scale. C1 [Raciti, Steve M.; Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.; Pickett, Steward T. A.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Jenkins, Jennifer C.] US EPA, Climate Change Div, Washington, DC 20003 USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] USDA Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Cadenasso, Mary L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Raciti, SM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave,4th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM raciti@bu.edu RI Raciti, Steve/D-3837-2013 OI Raciti, Steve/0000-0002-6793-5068 FU National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies; LTER programs [DEB-0444919, DEB-9714835] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies and LTER programs (Grant numbers DEB-0444919 and DEB-9714835). The authors thank Dan Dillon, David Lewis, Lisa Martel, Giovanna McClenachan, Ellen Schmidt, Robin Schmidt, Kirsten Schwarz, and Ian Yesilonis for help with field sampling, laboratory analysis, advice, and project planning. The authors extend a special thanks to the homeowners who provided access to their properties. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 62 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 21 IS 7 BP 2357 EP 2366 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836UP UT WOS:000296139200002 PM 22073628 ER PT J AU Pittman, HT Bowerman, WW Grim, LH Grubb, TG Bridges, WC AF Pittman, H. T. Bowerman, W. W. Grim, L. H. Grubb, T. G. Bridges, W. C. TI Using nestling feathers to assess spatial and temporal concentrations of mercury in bald eagles at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Hg; Bald eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Nestlings; Voyageurs National Park ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-LAKES REGION; METHYL MERCURY; NORTH-AMERICA; COMMON LOONS; METHYLMERCURY; FISH; EGGS; CONTAMINATION AB Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been utilized as a biosentinel of aquatic ecosystem health in the Great Lakes Region since the early 1960s. Bald eagle populations have been monitored at Voyageurs National Park (VNP), Minnesota, since 1973. For the past 20 years, researchers have collected feathers from nestling bald eagles to assess their dietary exposure to mercury (Hg) on Rainy, Kabetogama, and Namakan lakes in VNP. Mercury is an environmental pollutant with both natural and anthropogenic sources, and negatively affects many species of wildlife. In a previous study, geometric mean concentrations of Hg in feathers of nestling bald eagles were greater at VNP (20 mg/kg Dry Weight (DW)) than in nestling feathers from other Great Lakes subpopulations (similar to 7 mg/kg DW), for the period 1985-1989. Current geometric mean concentrations have declined by 77.4% since 1989 at VNP. While all samples from 1985 to 1989 had detectable concentrations of Hg, 10% of current samples had concentrations below the reportable detection limit (0.001 mg/kg DW, n = 180). The major lakes at VNP are impounded, and Hg concentrations also declined greatly after the lake level stabilization order by the International Joint Commission was implemented in 1999. Mercury concentrations in feathers of nestling bald eagles from 1989 to 2010 ranged from ND (<0.001) to 34.97 mg/kg DW. The highest single concentration in a nestling was from Namakan Lake in 2010. The five-year geometric means for Rainy, Kabetogama, and Namakan lakes for 2006-2010 were 6.08, 1.07, and 5.56 mg/kg DW (n = 28, n = 32, n = 27) respectively. Although Hg concentrations in feathers of nestlings greatly declined after the change in water level management in 1999 and are lower than 1989 concentrations, recent samples suggest a gradual increase. Continued monitoring of nestling feather concentrations will be essential to assess this increase, to determine the source of Hg, to determine if there are changes to methylation potential, and to evaluate and optimize water level management. C1 [Bowerman, W. W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pittman, H. T.; Bowerman, W. W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Grim, L. H.] Voyageurs Natl Pk, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. [Grubb, T. G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bridges, W. C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29687 USA. RP Bowerman, WW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, 1109 HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wbowerma@umd.edu FU Voyageurs National Park; U.S. Forest Service; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; Friends of Voyageurs National Park; NIFA/USDA [SC-1700281] FX This project was supported by Voyageurs National Park, U.S. Forest Service, and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality through the Clean Michigan Fund, and Friends of Voyageurs National Park. This material is based upon work supported by NIFA/USDA, under project number SC-1700281, Technical Contribution No. 5873 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 20 IS 7 SI SI BP 1626 EP 1635 DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0736-8 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 844GR UT WOS:000296736200013 PM 21779822 ER PT J AU Mott, IW Larson, SR Jones, TA Robins, JG Jensen, KB Peel, MD AF Mott, Ivan W. Larson, Steven R. Jones, Thomas A. Robins, Joseph G. Jensen, Kevin B. Peel, Michael D. TI A molecular genetic linkage map identifying the St and H subgenomes of Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) wheatgrass SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Elymus; SSR; molecular markers; genetic map; thickspike wheatgrass; Snake River wheatgrass; rhizome; growth habit ID NORTH-AMERICAN ELYMUS; PERENNIAL TRITICEAE; LEYMUS TRITICEAE; GROWTH HABIT; WILDRYES; MARKERS; ORIGIN; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; CANADENSIS AB Elymus L. is the largest and most complex genus in the Triticeae tribe of grasses with approximately 150 polyploid perennial species occurring worldwide. We report here the first genetic linkage map for Elymus. Backcross mapping populations were created by crossing caespitose Elymus wawawaiensis (EW) (Snake River wheatgrass) and rhizomatous Elyntus lanceolauts (EL) (thickspike wheatgrass) to produce F(1) interspecific hybrids that were then backcrossed to the same EL male to generate progeny with segregating phenotypes. EW and EL are both allotetraploid species (n = 14) containing the St (Pseudoroegneria) and H (Hordeum) genomes. A total of 387 backcross progeny from four populations were genotyped using 399 AFLP and 116 EST-based SSR and STS markers. The resulting consensus map was 2574 cM in length apportioned among the expected number of 14 linkage groups. EST-based SSR and STS markers with homology to rice genome sequences were used to identify Elymus linkage groups homoeologous to chromosomes 1-7 of wheat. The frequency of St-derived genome markers on each linkage group was used to assign genome designations to all linkage groups, resulting in the identification of the seven St and seven H linkage groups of Elymus. This map also confirms the alloploidy and disomic chromosome pairing and segregation of Elymus and will be useful in identifying QTLs controlling perennial grass traits in this genus. C1 [Mott, Ivan W.; Larson, Steven R.; Jones, Thomas A.; Robins, Joseph G.; Jensen, Kevin B.; Peel, Michael D.] Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mott, IW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Ivan.Mott@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 10 BP 819 EP 828 DI 10.1139/G11-045 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 847QH UT WOS:000296987100004 PM 21942400 ER PT J AU Liu, C Qi, LL Liu, WX Zhao, WC Wilson, J Friebe, B Gill, BS AF Liu, Cheng Qi, Lili Liu, Wenxuan Zhao, Wanchun Wilson, Jamie Friebe, Bernd Gill, Bikram S. TI Development of a set of compensating Triticum aestivum - Dasypyrum villosum Robertsonian translocation lines SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Dasypyrum villosum; compensating Robertsonian translocation; EST-STS marker; GISH ID CONFERRING RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW; PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; 1RS.1BL TRANSLOCATION; CENTRIC MISDIVISION; RYE CHROMOSOMES; L CANDARGY; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION AB Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy, a wild relative of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is the source of many agronomically important genes for wheat improvement. Production of compensating Robertsonian translocations (cRobTs), consisting of D. villosum chromosome arms translocated to homoeologous wheat chromosome arms, is one of the initial steps in exploiting this variation. The cRobTs for D. villosum chromosomes 1V, 4V, and 6V have been reported previously. Here we report attempted cRobTs for wheat - D. villosum chromosome combinations 2D/2V, 3D/3V, 5D/5V, and 7D/7V. The cRobTs for all D. villosum chromosomes were recovered except for the 2VS and 5VL arms. As was the case with the 6D/6V combination, no cRobTs involving 2D/2V chromosomes were recovered; instead, cRobT T2BS.2VL involving a non-targeted chromosome was recovered. All cRobTs are fertile, although the level of spike fertility and hundred kernel weight (HKW) varied among the lines. The set of cRobTs involving 12 of the 14 D. villosum chromosomes will be useful in wheat improvement programs. In fact, among the already reported cRobTs, T6AL.6VS carrying the Pm21 gene is deployed in agriculture and many useful genes have been reported on other cRobTs including resistance to stem rust race UG99 on T6AS.6VL. C1 [Liu, Cheng; Liu, Wenxuan; Wilson, Jamie; Friebe, Bernd; Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Liu, Cheng; Liu, Wenxuan; Wilson, Jamie; Friebe, Bernd; Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Qi, Lili] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Zhao, Wanchun] NW A&F Univ, Coll Agron, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Friebe, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM friebe@ksu.edu FU Kansas Wheat Commission; Kansas Crop Improvement Association; USDA-NIFA; Chinese Ministry of Education [NCET-06-0810] FX This research was supported by grants from the Kansas Wheat Commission, the Kansas Crop Improvement Association, and a special USDA-NIFA grant to Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center at Kansas State University. This paper is contribution number 11-293-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506-5502. We also thank the Chinese Ministry of Education (NCET-06-0810) for the financial support for C.L. We particularly thank A.J. Lukaszweski for kindly providing the disomic wheat - D. villosum chromosome addition lines and W.J. Raupp for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 10 BP 836 EP 844 DI 10.1139/G11-051 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 847QH UT WOS:000296987100006 PM 21961939 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Xie, XP Gao, W Chang, NB AF Gao, Zhiqiang Xie, Xiaoping Gao, Wei Chang, Ni-Bin TI Spatial Analysis of Terrain-Impacted Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) Using MODIS Data SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SOLAR-RADIATION; SATELLITE ESTIMATION; ATMOSPHERE PRODUCTS; PHYSICAL MODEL; EARTHS SURFACE; IRRADIANCE; VALIDATION AB This paper presents the spatial distribution of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) using an atmospheric radiative transfer model under terrain impacts. The potential of the model for improved understanding of PAR impacts on ecosystem dynamics is demonstrated with the aid of MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data, using the Haihe Plain of China as a case study. Various types of MODIS data were aggregated in support of the modeling work at the regional scale. Findings clearly indicate that terrain factors do affect the estimation of instantaneous PAR significantly. Different relationships between PAR and elevation may be classified based on positive correlation, negative correlation, and no correlation. In addition, while there are different relations between PAR and slope, there is no significant correlation between PAR and aspect. C1 [Gao, Zhiqiang; Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Xie, Xiaoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Chang, Ni-Bin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Suite 226,419 Canyon Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM wgao419@gmail.com RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU USDA NIFA [2010-34263-21075]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334, 41071278]; Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program-Special for EXPO [10DZ0581600] FX The authors are grateful for support from the USDA NIFA project (2010-34263-21075), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171334 and 41071278), and the Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program-Special for EXPO (Grant No. 10DZ0581600). The constructive comments from anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 501 EP 521 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.48.4.501 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 846RQ UT WOS:000296921300003 ER PT J AU Finn, MP Lewis, M Bosch, DD Giraldo, M Yamamoto, K Sullivan, DG Kincaid, R AF Finn, Michael P. Lewis, Mark (David) Bosch, David D. Giraldo, Mario Yamamoto, Kristina Sullivan, Dana G. Kincaid, Russell TI Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture Using Airborne Hyperspectral Data SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID C-BAND; GEORGIA; REFLECTANCE; VALIDATION; LANDSCAPE; SPECTRA AB Landscape assessment of soil moisture is critical to understanding the hydrological cycle at the regional scale and in broad-scale studies of biophysical processes affected by global climate changes in temperature and precipitation. Traditional efforts to measure soil moisture have been principally restricted to in situ measurements, so remote sensing techniques are often employed. Hyperspectral sensors with finer spatial resolution and narrow band widths may offer an alternative to traditional multispectral analysis of soil moisture, particularly in landscapes with high spatial heterogeneity. This preliminary research evaluates the ability of remotely sensed hyperspectral data to quantify soil moisture for the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW), Georgia. An airborne hyperspectral instrument with a short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) sensor was flown in 2005 and 2007 and the results were correlated to in situ soil moisture values. A significant statistical correlation (R(2) value above 0.7 for both sampling dates) for the hyperspectral instrument data and the soil moisture probe data at 5.08 cm (2 inches) was determined. While models for the 20.32 cm (8 inches) and 30.48 cm (12 inches) depths were tested, they were not able to estimate soil moisture to the same degree. C1 [Finn, Michael P.; Yamamoto, Kristina] US Geol Survey, CEGIS, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lewis, Mark (David); Kincaid, Russell] ITD, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bosch, David D.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Giraldo, Mario] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sullivan, Dana G.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31792 USA. RP Finn, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CEGIS, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 510, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mfinn@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 522 EP 540 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.48.4.522 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 846RQ UT WOS:000296921300004 ER PT J AU Ha, W Gowda, PH Howell, TA AF Ha, Wonsook Gowda, Prasanna H. Howell, Terry A. TI Downscaling of Land Surface Temperature Maps in the Texas High Plains with the TsHARP Method SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BALANCE APPROACH; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FLUXES; INDEX; MODEL; SCALE; PREDICTION; IMAGERY AB High-resolution evapotranspiration (ET) maps can assist demand-based irrigation management. Development of high-resolution daily ET maps requires high-resolution land surface temperature (LST) images. Earth-observing satellite sensors such as the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provide thermal images that are coarser than simultaneously acquired visible and near-infrared images. In this study, we evaluated the TsHARP downscaling technique for its capability to downscale coarser LST images using finer resolution normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. The TsHARP technique was implemented to downscale seven coarser scale (240, 360, 480, 600, 720, 840, and 960 m) synthetic images to a 120 m LST image. The TsHARP was also evaluated for downscaling a coarser 960 m LST image to 240 m to mimic MODIS datasets. Comparison between observed 120 m LST images and 120 m LST images downscaled from coarser 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, 840, and 960 m images yielded root mean square errors of 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 degrees C, respectively. This indicates that the TsHARP method can be used for downscaling coarser (960 m) MODIS-based LST images using finer Landsat (120 m) or MODIS (240 m)-derived NDVI images. However, the TsSHARP method should be evaluated further with real datasets before using it for an operational ET remote sensing program for irrigation scheduling purposes. C1 [Ha, Wonsook; Gowda, Prasanna H.; Howell, Terry A.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Ha, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, 2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Wonsook.Ha@gmail.com FU NASA [08-THP07-0053] FX The authors are grateful to the Ogallala Aquifer Program administered by the USDA-ARS and NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program for providing funding for this research (Proposal No. 08-THP07-0053). We appreciate the suggestions and comments by anonymous reviewers, which were useful in improving the manuscript. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 583 EP 599 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 846RQ UT WOS:000296921300007 ER PT J AU Legendre, B Tew, T Hale, A Birkett, H Eggleston, G Duet, M Stein, J AF Legendre, B. Tew, T. Hale, A. Birkett, H. Eggleston, G. Duet, M. Stein, J. TI Stalk cold tolerance of commercial and candidate varieties during the 2010-2011 harvest season SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Legendre, B.; Birkett, H.; Stein, J.] LSU AgCtr, Audubon Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Tew, T.; Hale, A.; Duet, M.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Eggleston, G.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 740 EP 740 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700041 ER PT J AU Liu, P Que, Y Andru, S Kimbeng, CA Pan, YB AF Liu, P. Que, Y. Andru, S. Kimbeng, C. A. Pan, Y. -B. TI A LCP 85-384 genetic linkage map enriched with polymorphic SSR markers SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, P.; Pan, Y. -B.] USDA ARS, MSA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA USA. [Liu, P.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Natl Ctr Rapeseed Improvement Wuhan, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Que, Y.] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Key Lab Sugarcane Genet Improvement, Minist Agr, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Andru, S.; Kimbeng, C. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 740 EP 740 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700042 ER PT J AU Zhou, M Kimbeng, C Andru, S Tew, T Gravois, K AF Zhou, M. Kimbeng, C. Andru, S. Tew, T. Gravois, K. TI Random coefficient model: A statistical tool for family selection in sugarcane SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhou, M.; Kimbeng, C.; Andru, S.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhou, M.] S African Sugarcane Res Inst, ZA-4300 Mt Edgecombe, South Africa. [Kimbeng, C.; Gravois, K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Andru, S.] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Tew, T.] ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 741 EP 741 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700044 ER PT J AU Raid, RN Comstock, JC Glynn, N AF Raid, R. N. Comstock, J. C. Glynn, N. TI Yield loss incited by orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii) on a highly susceptible sugarcane cultivar in Florida SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Raid, R. N.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Comstock, J. C.; Glynn, N.] USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 742 EP 743 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700048 ER PT J AU Raid, RN Shine, JM Mitchell, J Glynn, N AF Raid, R. N. Shine, J. M. Mitchell, J. Glynn, N. TI Yield response by rust susceptible cultivars to foliar fungicide applications applied to commercial sugarcane fields SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Raid, R. N.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Shine, J. M.] Florida Sugar Cane Growers Cooperat, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Mitchell, J.] BASF Corp, Tampa, FL 33647 USA. [Glynn, N.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 742 EP 742 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700047 ER PT J AU Zhao, D Glynn, NC Glaz, B Comstock, JC Sood, S AF Zhao, D. Glynn, N. C. Glaz, B. Comstock, J. C. Sood, S. TI Physiological responses of sugarcane to orange rust infection SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhao, D.; Glynn, N. C.; Glaz, B.; Comstock, J. C.; Sood, S.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 743 EP 743 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700049 ER PT J AU Showier, AT Reagan, TE AF Showier, A. T. Reagan, T. E. TI New findings on factors affecting Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini dyar, infestation of sugarcane: Leaf characteristics, drought stress, soil fertility, and alternate host plants SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Showier, A. T.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Reagan, T. E.] LSU Agr Ctr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 744 EP 744 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700051 ER PT J AU Viator, RP Johnson, RM Richard, EP AF Viator, R. P. Johnson, R. M. Richard, E. P., Jr. TI Effects of cultivation frequency on sugarcane yields SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Viator, R. P.; Johnson, R. M.; Richard, E. P., Jr.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 744 EP 744 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700054 ER PT J AU Grisham, MP White, PM Esh, AMH El-Kholi, M AF Grisham, M. P. White, P. M., Jr. Esh, A. M. H. El-Kholi, M. TI Biological nitrogen fixation in Louisiana sugarcane SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grisham, M. P.; White, P. M., Jr.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA USA. [Esh, A. M. H.; El-Kholi, M.] Ag Res Ctr, Sugar Crops Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 746 EP 746 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700061 ER PT J AU Lima, I White, P Klasson, T Uchimiya, M AF Lima, I. White, P. Klasson, T. Uchimiya, M. TI Alternative use of sugarcane residue and bagasse as biochar precursors for soil amendment applications SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lima, I.; Klasson, T.; Uchimiya, M.] USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [White, P.] USDA, SRU, Houma, LA 70360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 747 EP 747 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700063 ER PT J AU Waguespack, H Jackson, W Blackwelder, N Viator, R Salassi, M AF Waguespack, H., Jr. Jackson, W. Blackwelder, N. Viator, R. Salassi, M. TI Improved efficiency from mechanical planter modifications SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Waguespack, H., Jr.; Jackson, W.; Blackwelder, N.] Amer Sugar Cane League, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. [Viator, R.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Salassi, M.] Louisiana State Univ, LSU AgCtr, Dept Agr Econ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1354 BP 747 EP 747 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 845LH UT WOS:000296823700065 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Long, DB Bazan, LR Thomsen, BV Robbe-Austerman, S Davey, RB Soliz, LA Swafford, SR VerCauteren, KC AF Campbell, Tyler A. Long, David B. Bazan, Luis R. Thomsen, Bruce V. Robbe-Austerman, Suelee Davey, Ronald B. Soliz, Liza A. Swafford, Seth R. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Absence of Mycobacterium bovis in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) from the Southern Texas Border Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brucella; feral swine; Mycobacterium bovis; porcine parvovirus; pseudorabies virus; surveillance; Sus scrofa; Type A influenza virus ID EUROPEAN WILD HOGS; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; PORCINE PARVOVIRUS; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; BOAR; TRANSMISSION; EXPOSURE; DISEASES AB Free-ranging wildlife, such as feral swine (Sus scrota), harbor a variety of diseases that are transmissible to livestock and could negatively impact agricultural production. Information is needed regarding the exposure and infection rates of Mycobacterium bovis and many other diseases and parasites in feral swine occurring in the Texas border region. Our main objective was to determine exposure rates and possible infection rates of M. bovis in feral swine by opportunistically sampling animals from the Texas border region. From June to September 2010, we obtained samples from 396 feral swine and tested 98 samples for M. bovis by histopathology and mycobacteriologic culture. We found no evidence of M. bovis infection. We believe that it is important to periodically and strategically sample feral swine for M. bovis in high-risk areas of the United States because they are capable of becoming reservoirs of the disease. C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.; Soliz, Liza A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Bazan, Luis R.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, San Diego, TX 78384 USA. [Thomsen, Bruce V.; Robbe-Austerman, Suelee] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Davey, Ronald B.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Swafford, Seth R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Columbia, MO 65202 USA. [VerCauteren, Kurt C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, MSC 218,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture FX Our work was funded by the US Department of Agriculture. We thank C. Anderson, D. Bruning, J. Cumbee, J. Edwardson, T. Gidlewski, S. Goldstein, C. Hicks, A. Hildreth, A. Huerta, M. Lavelle, J. Lujans, M. Lutman, K. Pedersen, M. Pound, J. Rattan, T. Ruby, K. Shively, J. Stevenson, D. Walter, and A. Zamorano for field assistance. We are grateful to Texas Wildlife Services and the USDA APHIS WS National Wildlife Disease Program for providing logistic support and landowners for granting access. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 974 EP 978 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 840AB UT WOS:000296409500019 PM 22102669 ER PT J AU Follmann, E Ritter, D Swor, R Dunbar, M Hueffer, K AF Follmann, Erich Ritter, Don Swor, Rhonda Dunbar, Mike Hueffer, Karsten TI Preliminary Evaluation of Raboral V-RG (R) Oral Rabies Vaccine in Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Arctic fox; oral vaccination; rabies; recombinant vaccine ID ALOPEX-LAGOPUS AB We tested the Rabond V-RG (R) recombinant oral rabies vaccine for its response in Arctic fixes (Vulpes lagopus), the reservoir of rabies virus in the circumpolar North. The vaccine, which is currently the only licensed oral rabies vaccine in the United States, induced a strong antibody response and protected foxes against a challenge of 500,000 mouse intracerebral lethal close 50% of an Arctic rabies virus variant. However, one unvaccinated control fox survived challenge with rabies virus, either indicating a high resistance of Arctic foxes to rabies infection or a previous exposure that induced immunity. This preliminary study suggested that Raboral V-RC vaccine may be efficacious in Arctic foxes. C1 [Follmann, Erich; Ritter, Don; Swor, Rhonda; Hueffer, Karsten] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dunbar, Mike] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hueffer, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, 902 N Koyukuk Dr,Irving1 311, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM khueffer@alaska.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, 'Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center FX We thank T. M. O'Hara for critical review of the manuscript, and Merial for providing Raboral V-RG vaccine used in these studies. This study was funded by the US Department of Agriculture, 'Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1035 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 840AB UT WOS:000296409500029 PM 22102679 ER PT J AU Smith, GF Figueiredo, E Moore, G AF Smith, Gideon F. Figueiredo, Estrela Moore, Gerry TI English and Latin as alternative languages for validating the names of organisms covered by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants: The final chapter? SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Botanical Latin; English; organisms covered by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants; valid publication AB During the Nomenclature Section of the XVIII International Botanical Congress that took place in Melbourne, Australia, from 18 to 22 July 2011, it was decided to allow English to be used as an alternative language for producing validating descriptions and diagnoses of new taxa of organisms covered by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, which is to be renamed the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants; on and after 1 January 2012 this can be done in English or Latin. Until then, names of new non-fossil taxa must continue to be provided with a Latin description or diagnosis in order to be validly published. C1 [Smith, Gideon F.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Smith, Gideon F.] Univ Pretoria, HGWJ Schweickerdt Herbarium, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Smith, Gideon F.; Figueiredo, Estrela] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Funct Ecol, Dept Ciencias Vida, P-3001455 Coimbra, Portugal. [Figueiredo, Estrela] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Bot, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Moore, Gerry] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Plant Data Team, E Natl Technol Support Ctr, USDA, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. RP Smith, GF (reprint author), S African Natl Biodivers Inst, Private Bag X101, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. EM g.smith@sanbi.org.za OI Figueiredo, Estrela/0000-0002-8511-8213 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD OCT PY 2011 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1502 EP 1503 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 841BM UT WOS:000296487300032 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT Farris, JL Gopalan, M AF Kroeger, Robert Moore, Matthew T. Farris, Jerry L. Gopalan, Mathangi TI Evidence for the Use of Low-Grade Weirs in Drainage Ditches to Improve Nutrient Reductions from Agriculture SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Drainage; Ditch; Wetland; Nutrients ID WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT; HYDROLOGICAL VARIABILITY; QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; WETLANDS; TRANSPORT; CARBON; RATES AB Typical controlled drainage structures in drainage ditches provide drainage management strategies for isolated temporal periods. Innovative, low-grade weirs are anticipated to provide hydraulic control on an annual basis, as well as be installed at multiple sites within the drainage ditch for improved spatial biogeochemical transformations. This study provides evidence toward the capacity of low-grade weirs for nutrient reductions, when compared to the typical controlled drainage structure of a slotted riser treatment. Three ditches with weirs were compared against three ditches with slotted risers, and two control ditches for hydraulic residence time (HRT) and nutrient reductions. There were no differences in water volume or HRT between weired and riser systems. Nutrient concentrations significantly decreased from inflow to outflow in both controlled drainage strategies, but there were few statistical differences in N and P concentration reductions between controlled drainage treatments. Similarly, there were significant declines in N and P loads, but no statistical differences in median N and P outflow loads between weir (W) and riser (R) ditches for dissolved inorganic phosphate (W, 92%; R, 94%), total inorganic phosphate (W, 86%; R, 88%), nitrate-N (W, 98%; R, 96%), and ammonium (W, 67%; R, 85%) when nutrients were introduced as runoff events. These results indicate the importance of HRT in improving nutrient reductions. Low-grade weirs should operate as important drainage control structures in reducing nutrient loads to downstream receiving systems if the hydraulic residence time of the system is significantly increased with multiple weirs, as a result of ditch length and slope. C1 [Kroeger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Farris, Jerry L.; Gopalan, Mathangi] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ Jonesboro, AR 72467 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 221 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s11270-011-0785-x PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 843TR UT WOS:000296696000019 ER PT J AU Stover, E McCollum, G AF Stover, Ed McCollum, Greg TI Incidence and Severity of Huanglongbing and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Titer among Field-infected Citrus Cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE greening; resistance; tolerance; PCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; GREENING-DISEASE; THAILAND AB Incidence and severity of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease were assessed in Apr. 2010 among eight citrus cultivars representing diverse scion types growing in commercial groves in Florida's Indian River region, an area with a high incidence of HLB. In each grove, 20 trees of each cultivar were rated for visual HLB symptoms and leaves were collected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the presumptive causal agent of H LB. There was a strong correlation between HLB rating and CLas titer (titer represented by Ct, r(2) = 0.37 and 0.40, for whole tree and leaf sample, respectively, both with P < 0.0001) across all cultivars and groves. Although incidence and severity of HLB varied considerably among the groves, scion-specific differences were apparent, even when analyses excluded potentially confounding grove effects. 'Temple' tangor showed the most consistently low incidence of HLB symptoms and CLas titer; in contrast, 'Murcott' tangor and 'Minneola' tangelo had the highest incidence of HLB symptoms and highest CLas titer. These results suggest useful resistance to HLB with reduced symptoms and reduced CLas titer may be found in conventional scion cultivars and further work is needed to assess this potential and its commercial value. C1 [Stover, Ed; McCollum, Greg] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM ed.stover@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1344 EP 1348 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834IZ UT WOS:000295954300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Guo, SG Gong, GY Ren, Y Davis, AR Xu, Y AF Zhang, Haiying Guo, Shaogui Gong, Guoyi Ren, Yi Davis, Angela R. Xu, Yong TI Sources of Resistance to Race 2WF Powdery Mildew in U.S. Watermelon Plant Introductions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; Podosphaera xanthii; host plant resistance; breeding ID COLLECTION; GENES AB Powdery mildew of cucurbits, incited by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun & Shishkoff (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea auct. p.p.), is an economically important foliar disease. which is now common in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mastum. & Nakai]. This disease occurs in all watermelon-growing areas and can reduce yields by up to 30%. Finding and breeding for resistance to this disease is important to reduce dependence on fungicides and to use in combination with fungicides to limit the spread of fungicide-resistant P. xanthii. This is the first English report that race 2WF of P. xanthii can infect watermelon. It is the prevalent race of watermelon powdery mildew in Beijing. C1 [Zhang, Haiying; Guo, Shaogui; Gong, Guoyi; Ren, Yi; Xu, Yong] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Davis, Angela R.] ARS, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Rd, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. EM xuyong@nercv.org FU Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China [Z09090501040902, D08070500690803, 5100001]; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2009BADB8B02, 2010DFB33740, 30972015, 2010AA10A107]; Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China [CARS-26] FX The research was supported by Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China (Z09090501040902, D08070500690803, and 5100001), The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2009BADB8B02, 2010DFB33740, 30972015, and 2010AA10A107), and The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (CARS-26). NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1349 EP 1352 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834IZ UT WOS:000295954300002 ER PT J AU Marble, SC Sibley, JL Gilliam, CH Torbert, HA AF Marble, S. Christopher Sibley, Jeff L. Gilliam, Charles H. Torbert, H. Allen TI Application of Composted Poultry Litter as a Fertilizer for Landscape Bedding Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE landscape annuals; manure; organic fertilizer ID NUTRIENT LOSSES; SURFACE RUNOFF; CHICKEN LITTER; NITROGEN; PASTURE AB Each year, over 16 million tons of poultry litter is produced in the United States. Federal and state regulations now limit the amount of poultry litter that can be land-applied, making it difficult to store and dispose of poultry litter. The objective of this study was to evaluate composted poultry litter (CPL) as a fertilizer source for bedding plants at various rates in comparison with commercially available inorganic fertilizers in regard to plant growth and nutrient leaching. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate use of CPL as fertilizer for landscape annual bedding plants. Petunia spp. 'Celebrity Red' and Verbena hybrida 'Quartz Scarlet' were planted in raised beds simulating an urban landscape. Before planting, 10 inorganic fertilizer or CPL treatments were incorporated into the raised beds, including Peafowl (R) brand garden-grade fertilizer 13N-5.6P-10.9K (13-13-13) at rates of 4.9 g N/m(2) and 9.8 g N/m(2), Polyon (R) 13N-5.6P-10.9K (13-13-13) at rates of 4.9 g N/m(2) and 9.8 g N/m(2), and CPL at rates of 4.9 g N/m(2), 9.8 g N/m(2), 19.6 g N/m(2), 29.4 g N/m(2), 39.2 g N/m(2), and 49 g N/m(2). Use of CPL incorporated into landscape planting beds as a fertilizer source resulted in plants equal to or larger than plants grown with conventional inorganic fertilizers. Nitrate (NO(3)) and ammonia (NH(4)) levels in leachates from plots amended with CPL were comparable with plots amended with commercial inorganic fertilizers and nitrogen (N) levels were in most cases less in plots fertilized with CPL when compared with inorganic fertilizers when the same N rate was applied. Composted poultry litter may not be able to fully replace inorganic fertilizers, but it can reduce inorganic fertilizer requirements and provide an environmentally sound alternative to poultry waste disposal as well as provide beneficial aspects for plant growth in annual bedding plants. C1 [Marble, S. Christopher; Sibley, Jeff L.; Gilliam, Charles H.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Torbert, H. Allen] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Sibley, JL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, 101 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM sibleje@auburn.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1367 EP 1372 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834IZ UT WOS:000295954300006 ER PT J AU Staub, JE McCreight, JD Zalapa, JE AF Staub, Jack E. McCreight, James D. Zalapa, Juan E. TI USDA 846-1 Fractal Melon and Derived Recombinant Inbred Lines SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cucumis melo; genetic distance; vegetable breeding ID PLANT ARCHITECTURAL TRAITS; FRUIT YIELD; L. C1 [Staub, Jack E.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [McCreight, James D.] ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Zalapa, Juan E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jack.staub@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1423 EP 1425 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834IZ UT WOS:000295954300016 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Simon, PW Cuevas, HE AF Staub, Jack E. Simon, Philipp W. Cuevas, Hugo E. TI USDA, ARS EOM 402-10 High beta-Carotene Cucumber SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cucumis sativus; vitamin A; human nutrition C1 [Staub, Jack E.; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cuevas, Hugo E.] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 E 1100 N, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jack.staub@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1426 EP 1427 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834IZ UT WOS:000295954300017 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Delannay, IY Chen, JF AF Staub, Jack E. Delannay, Isabelle Y. Chen, Jin-Feng TI USDA, ARS Cucumis hystrix-derived US Processing Cucumber Inbred Backcross Line Population SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cucumis sativus; genetic distance; vegetable breeding ID SATIVUS L.; QTL ANALYSIS C1 [Staub, Jack E.; Delannay, Isabelle Y.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chen, Jin-Feng] Nanjing Agr Univ, Key Lab So Vegetable Crop Genet Improvement, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 E 1100 N, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jack.staub@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1428 EP 1430 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 834IZ UT WOS:000295954300018 ER PT J AU Puangpraphant, S Berhow, MA Vermillion, K Potts, G de Mejia, EG AF Puangpraphant, Sirima Berhow, Mark A. Vermillion, Karl Potts, Greg de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez TI Dicaffeoylquinic acids in Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) inhibit NF-kappa B nucleus translocation in macrophages and induce apoptosis by activating caspases-8 and -3 in human colon cancer cells SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apoptosis; Colon cancer; Dicaffeoylquinic acids; Inflammation; Yerba mate ID SWEET-POTATO GENOTYPES; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CAFFEIC ACID; QUINIC ACID; DNA-DAMAGE; CAFFEOYLQUINIC ACIDS; CHLOROGENIC ACIDS; IN-VITRO; DERIVATIVES; INFLAMMATION AB Scope: The biological functions of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives from various plant sources have been partially elucidated. The objectives were to isolate and purify diCQAs from Yerba mate tea leaves and assess their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer capabilities in vitro and explore their mechanism of action. Methods and results: Methanol extracts of dried mate leaves were resolved by flash chromatography and further purified resulting in two fractions one containing 3,4- and 3,5-diCQAs and the other 4,5-diCQA with NMR-confirmed structures. Both fractions inhibited LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation by suppressing nitric oxide/inducible nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2)/cyclooxygenase-2 pathways through inhibiting nucleus translocation of Nuclear factor kappa B subunits, p50 and p65. The diCQA fractions inhibited Human colon cancer cells CRL-2577 (RKO) and HT-29 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, but did not affect the protein levels of p21, p27, p53, and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in RKO cells. In HT-29 cells, however, the diCQA fractions increased Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. The diCQA fractions increased the activation of caspase-8 leading to cleavage of caspase-3 in both RKO and HT-29 colon cancer cells. Conclusion: The results suggest that diCQAs in Yerba mate could be potential anti-cancer agents and could mitigate other diseases also associated with inflammation. C1 [Puangpraphant, Sirima; Potts, Greg; de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL USA. [Berhow, Mark A.; Vermillion, Karl] N Univ St Peoria, USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP de Mejia, EG (reprint author), 228 ERML,MC-051,1201 Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM edemejia@illinois.edu FU University of Illinois Research Board; Royal Thai Government FX This work was supported by the University of Illinois Research Board and by the Royal Thai Government Scholarship (to S.P.). NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1509 EP 1522 DI 10.1002/mnfr.201100128 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 841XE UT WOS:000296547700009 PM 21656672 ER PT J AU Xie, CH Kang, J Ferguson, ME Nagarajan, S Badger, TM Wu, XL AF Xie, Chenghui Kang, Jie Ferguson, Matthew E. Nagarajan, Shanmugam Badger, Thomas M. Wu, Xianli TI Blueberries reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in mouse macrophages by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation and the MAPK pathway SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Blueberry; Cytokine; Inflammation; MAPK; NF-kappa B ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ENRICHED DIET; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE; MICE; POLYPHENOLS; CANCER; HEALTH; RISK AB Blueberries (BB) have been reported to attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of BB in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed AlN-93G diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried BB for 5 wk. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were lower in serum of BB-fed mice and TNF-alpha expression in aorta was down-regulated with BB feeding. Protein level and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly lower in the peritoneal macrophages from mice fed BB without or with LPS or oxLDL stimulation. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with polyphenol-enriched extracts made from the sera of rats fed CD (SEC) or CD containing 10% BB (SEB). SEB significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6. Furthermore, SEB inhibited the phosphorylation of I kappa B, NF-kappa B p65, MAPK p38 and JNK. All of these are important signaling pathways involved in the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6. C1 [Xie, Chenghui; Kang, Jie; Badger, Thomas M.; Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Nagarajan, Shanmugam] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Wu, XL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM wuxianli@uams.edu FU USDA [6251-51000-005-02S] FX This study was supported by USDA (6251-51000-005-02S). NR 20 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1587 EP 1591 DI 10.1002/mnfr.201100344 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 841XE UT WOS:000296547700017 PM 21887820 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Reproductive ecology of predaceous Heteroptera SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Anthocoridae; Biological control; Egg; Geocoridae; Miridae; Nabidae; Oviposition; Pentatomidae; Predator; Reduviidae; Reproductive physiology ID ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES HEMIPTERA; LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; GREEN STINK BUG; MACROLOPHUS-CALIGINOSUS HETEROPTERA; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION; LYGUS-HESPERUS HETEROPTERA AB Reproductive ecology entails relating the physiology and behavior of an organism to its environment and the community in which it lives. Terrestrial predatory Heteroptera (including Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Miridae, Nabidae, Pentatomidae, Phymatidae, and Reduviidae) display a wide range of reproductive ecologies. But in spite of this variability, a review of the literature reveals certain underlying trends that are useful in understanding how generalist predators function within their environments. First, the reproductive ecology of predatory bugs is inherently coupled to the physiology of the female and her eggs. Second, three population parameters are directly tied to reproduction (maturation rates, realized fecundity, and reproductive diapause) have great bearing on the rate of population increase and reproductive success of a predatory bug, but these three parameters fluctuate widely within and among species. The variables that affect these processes include the physiological status of the mother (mating status, age and size, and nutritional status), the abiotic environment in which she and her eggs live (temperature, photoperiod, water availability), and natural enemies that attack eggs and reproductive females. A final trend observed in the literature involves the hierarchy of events that must occur before a female finds a suitable oviposition site. Females all must locate preferred habitats, plants/substrates, and microsites in which to insert or deposit an egg, but they use a variety of tactics and cues in order to accomplish this, depending on their life history traits. Examining the factors that constrain and promote the reproductive potential of predatory Heteroptera will make biological control programs that center on them more reliable and sustainable. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 183 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 68 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.02.009 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 840FK UT WOS:000296424100007 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Dong, Q Albright, TP Guo, QF AF Li, Zhenyu Dong, Quan Albright, Thomas P. Guo, Qinfeng TI Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: the case of kudzu SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Control mechanisms; Human domestication; Invasive species; Natural enemy; Pueraria montana; Utilization ID SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; PUERARIA-LOBATA; HYPOTHESIS; FABACEAE; MONTANA; ECOLOGY AB The human dimensions of biotic invasion are generally poorly understood, even among the most familiar invasive species. Kudzu (Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.) is a prominent invasive plant and an example of quasi-wild species, which has experienced repeated introduction, cultivation, and escape back to the wild. Here, we review a large body of primary scientific and historic records spanning thousands of years to characterize the complex relationships among kudzu, its natural enemies, and humans, and provide a synthesis and conceptual model relevant to the ecology and management of quasi-wild invasive species. We documented over 350, mostly insect, natural enemy species and their impacts on kudzu in its native East Asian range. These natural enemies play a minor role in limiting kudzu in its native range, rarely generating severe impacts on populations of wild kudzu. We identified a number of significant influences of humans including dispersal, diverse cultural selection, and facilitation through disturbances, which catalyzed the expansion and exuberance of kudzu. On the other hand, harvest by humans appears to be the major control mechanism in its native areas. Humans thus have a complex relationship with kudzu. They have acted as both friend and foe, affecting the distribution and abundance of kudzu in ways that vary across its range and over time. Our conceptual model of kudzu emphasizes the importance of multiple human dimensions in shaping the biogeography of a species and illustrates how kudzu and other quasi-wild species are more likely to be successful invaders. C1 [Dong, Quan] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Li, Zhenyu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Albright, Thomas P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Albright, Thomas P.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Dong, Q (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lizy@ibcas.ac.cn; quan.dong@inbox.com; talbright@unr.edu; qguo@fs.fed.us RI Dong, Quan/G-5005-2010 OI Dong, Quan/0000-0002-9353-9288 FU Key Project of the National Basic Research of China [2006CB403206]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814372]; NSF [0640058] FX We thank Wang Zunguo of Nanjing Museum for the archaeological information about kudzu, Yu Peiyu, Li Hongchang, Zhang Chunxian, and Zhou Hongzhang of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences identified some insects; Zhuang Jianyun of Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences identified fungal species, and provided literature. GE Jianjun of Institute of Animal and Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine provided the references on nematodes, K. Oono at Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba helped literature collection of the insect that consume kudzu. James Vogelmann, Alisa Gallant, Shili Miao and Tim Lewis provided helpful comments. This study was supported in part by the Key Project of the National Basic Research of China (Grant 2006CB403206). T. P. Albright acknowledges support from National Science Foundation, Cooperative Agreement EPS-0814372. Q. Guo was supported by NSF grant 0640058. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2167 EP 2179 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839FL UT WOS:000296350800001 ER PT J AU Louda, SM Rand, TA Kula, AAR Arnett, AE West, NM Tenhumberg, B AF Louda, S. M. Rand, T. A. Kula, A. A. R. Arnett, A. E. West, N. M. Tenhumberg, B. TI Priority resource access mediates competitive intensity between an invasive weevil and native floral herbivores SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Floral herbivores; Insect competition; Insect phenology; Invasive species; Individual based model; Demographic effects; Non-target effects of biological control; Biocontrol ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; CIRSIUM-CANESCENS; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; PLATTE THISTLE; ECOLOGICAL RISK; HOST-PLANT; BIOCONTROL; CURCULIONIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE AB Mechanisms underlying invasive species impacts remain incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that priority resource access by an invasive biocontrol weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, intensifies and alters the outcome of competition with native floral herbivores over flower head resources of the non-target, native host plant Cirsium canescens, specifically with the predominant, synchronous tephritid fly Paracantha culta. Four main results emerged. First, we documented strong, asymmetric competition, with R. conicus out-competing P. culta. Second, weevil priority access to floral resources accelerated competitive suppression of P. culta. Evidence for competitive suppression with increased weevil priority included decreases in both the numbers and the total biomass of native flies, plus decreases in individual P. culta fly mass and, so, potential fitness. Third, we found evidence for three concurrent mechanisms underlying the competitive suppression of P. culta by R. conicus. Prior use of a flower head by R. conicus interfered with P. culta pre-oviposition behavior. Once oviposition occurred, the weevil also reduced fly post-oviposition performance. Preemptive resource exploitation occurred, shown by the significant effect of flower head size on the total number of insects developing and in the magnitude of R. conicus effects on P. culta. Interference also occurred, shown by a spatial shift of surviving P. culta individuals away from the preferred receptacle resources as R. conicus priority increased. Finally, fourth, using an individual-based model (IBM), we found that the competitive interactions documented have the potential for imposing demographic consequences, causing a reduction in P. culta population sizes. Thus, priority resource access by an invasive insect increased competitive impact on the predominant native insect in the invaded floral guild. This study also provides the first experimental evidence for non-target effects of a weed biological control agent on an associated native insect herbivore. C1 [Rand, T. A.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Louda, S. M.; Rand, T. A.; Kula, A. A. R.; Arnett, A. E.; West, N. M.; Tenhumberg, B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Tenhumberg, B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Kula, A. A. R.] Univ Maryland, Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arnett, A. E.] Unity Coll, Ctr Biodivers, Unity, ME 04915 USA. RP Rand, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM tatyana.rand@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DEB 96-15299]; D. H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX We thank Kayla Christensen for energetic help in the field, Chad Andersen and Nate Brandt for conscientious help in the lab, and Steve Archer for discussions on data handling and analyses of the initial experiment. We appreciate the logistical support provided by UNL Cedar Point Biological Station staff and the financial support provided by NSF grant DEB 96-15299 to S. M. L., a D. H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship to T. A. R., and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Scholarship for the Summer Independent Research Experience to A. A. R. K. We appreciate the stimulus for improvement provided by the comments of an anonymous reviewer, and the insightful suggestions of the Editor-in-Chief, Dan Simberloff. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2233 EP 2248 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0036-5 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839FL UT WOS:000296350800008 ER PT J AU Jezorek, H Stiling, P Carpenter, J AF Jezorek, Heather Stiling, Peter Carpenter, James TI Ant predation on an invasive herbivore: can an extrafloral nectar-producing plant provide associational resistance to Opuntia individuals? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Associational resistance; Cacti; Cactoblastis cactorum; Extra-floral nectar; Mutualism ID CACTOBLASTIS-CACTORUM LEPIDOPTERA; CHAMAECRISTA-FASCICULATA FABACEAE; TRITROPHIC INTERACTION WEBS; HOST-PLANT; VEGETATIONAL DIVERSITY; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES; STRICTA CACTACEAE; LOCAL ADAPTATION AB The legume Chamaecrista fasciculata attracts ants to its extrafloral nectar (EFN) which can lead to reduced herbivory and increased fecundity for the plant. In Florida, Opuntia stricta and O. humifusa, hosts of the invasive moth Cactoblastis cactorum, are often found growing in close association with C. fasciculata. We tested the hypotheses that O. stricta and O. humifusa individuals have higher ant abundance, lower levels of herbivore damage, and increased growth when growing in close association with C. fasciculata compared with individuals not growing near the plant. We also experimentally placed C. cactorum eggsticks and pupae on Opuntia individuals to see if ant predation of these stages occurred, and if so, whether predation rates were higher on individuals growing close to C. fasciculata. Opuntia plants near C. fasciculata were less likely to be attacked by C. cactorum and had higher ant abundance than plants far from C. fasciculata. Field surveys showed that Opuntia plants near C. fasciculata had a lower proportion of cladodes with C. cactorum damage of any type. Proportions of cladodes with damage from five native herbivores were not significantly different between treatments. In addition, Opuntia individuals growing near C. fasciculata added proportionately more pads during the growing season. We found evidence of ant predation on 15.9% of C. cactorum eggsticks and 17.6% of pupae. In August and October of 2008, there was significantly more evidence of predation on eggs and pupae placed on Opuntia individuals near C. fasciculata. No effect of distance to C. fasciculata was seen in November of 2008, potentially because plants were no longer producing EFN at this time. Our finding that Opuntia plants close to C. fasciculata show reduced herbivory from invasive C. cactorum, but not from the native herbivores examined, suggests that patterns of associational resistance may be influenced by the co-evolutionary history of the organisms in question. C1 [Jezorek, Heather; Stiling, Peter] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Carpenter, James] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA USA. RP Jezorek, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM hjezorek@mail.usf.edu FU University of South Florida FX We gratefully thank Susan Drawdy (USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Management Unit) for help in acquiring C. cactorum eggsticks and pupae, Mark Deyrup (Archbold Biological Station) for ant identification, Michael Gates (USDA-ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory) for parasitoid identification, Terry Hingtgen (Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Southwest Division) for his assistance in acquiring the necessary permits for this work, and University of South Florida for providing funding. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2261 EP 2273 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0038-3 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839FL UT WOS:000296350800010 ER PT J AU Marini, L Haack, RA Rabaglia, RJ Toffolo, EP Battisti, A Faccoli, M AF Marini, Lorenzo Haack, Robert A. Rabaglia, Robert J. Toffolo, Edoardo Petrucco Battisti, Andrea Faccoli, Massimo TI Exploring associations between international trade and environmental factors with establishment patterns of exotic Scolytinae SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Alien insect; Ambrosia beetle; Bark beetle; Forest pest; Import; Scolytidae ID AMBROSIA BEETLES COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; BARK BEETLES; INVASIONS; PESTS; CURCULIONIDAE; INTERCEPTIONS; COLONIZATION; DIVERSITY; WORLDWIDE AB Although invasion of exotic ambrosia beetles (fungus feeders) and bark beetles (phloem feeders) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is considered a major threat to forest health worldwide, no studies have quantitatively investigated the anthropogenic and environmental factors shaping the biogeographical patterns of invasion by these insects across large spatial scales. The primary aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of international trade and several environmental variables of the recipient region on species richness of established exotic Scolytinae. As a reference, we also evaluated the relationships between the same environmental variables and species richness of native Scolytinae. Using an information-theoretic framework for model selection and hierarchical partitioning, we evaluated the relative importance of the potential drivers of species richness of native and exotic Scolytinae in 20 European countries and the 48 contiguous continental US states. Analyses were conducted separately for ambrosia and bark beetle species. Value of imports was a strong predictor of the number of exotic Scolytinae species in both regions. In addition, in the USA, warmer and wetter climate was positively linked to increased numbers of both native and exotic ambrosia beetles. Forest heterogeneity and climatic heterogeneity and secondarily forest area were key drivers in explaining patterns of species richness for native bark beetles but not for exotic species in both regions. Our findings suggest that if current infestation levels continue on imported plants and wood packaging material, increasing international trade will likely lead to more establishments of exotic Scolytinae with concomitant negative effects on forest health in both Europe and the USA. Compared to Europe the risk of invasion appears higher in the USA, especially for ambrosia beetles in the southeastern USA where the climate appears highly suitable for exotic establishment. C1 [Marini, Lorenzo; Toffolo, Edoardo Petrucco; Battisti, Andrea; Faccoli, Massimo] Univ Padua, Dept Environm Agron & Crop Prod, I-35020 Padua, Italy. [Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Rabaglia, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Marini, L (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Environm Agron & Crop Prod, Viale Univ 16, I-35020 Padua, Italy. EM lorenzo.marini@unipd.it RI Battisti, Andrea/F-6243-2015; Marini, Lorenzo/B-1119-2009 OI Battisti, Andrea/0000-0002-2497-3064; Marini, Lorenzo/0000-0001-7429-7685 FU EU [212459] FX This study was supported by the PRATIQUE project (Enhancements of Pest Risk Analysis Techniques) financed through the EU Seventh Research Framework Program (FP7) (Contract No 212459). We thank two anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments that greatly improved early versions of the manuscript; M. Colunga-Garcia, J. LaBonte, D. R. Miller, T. M. Poland, and A. Roques for providing insightful comments and suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript; M. Knizek and A. Cognato for sharing unpublished data; L. Garrett for providing US economic data; and the many participants of the USDA, Forest Service, Early Detection and Rapid Response project for access to the US Scolytinae collection data for 2007-2010. NR 63 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2275 EP 2288 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0039-2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839FL UT WOS:000296350800011 ER PT J AU Alba, C Bowers, MD Blumenthal, D Hufbauer, R AF Alba, Christina Bowers, M. Deane Blumenthal, Dana Hufbauer, Ruth TI Evolution of growth but not structural or chemical defense in Verbascum thapsus (common mullein) following introduction to North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Insect herbivores; Iridoid glycosides; Leaf toughness; Trade-offs; Trichomes ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; JUNONIA-COENIA NYMPHALIDAE; ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT INVASIONS; ESCHSCHOLZIA-CALIFORNICA; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; SPECIALIST HERBIVORE; IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES; SILENE-LATIFOLIA AB Post-introduction evolution of increased growth or reproduction has been observed in many species of invasive plants; however, it is not consistently associated with a loss of defense, as predicted by the influential evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. Inconsistent support for the EICA hypothesis likely reflects the fact that, although invasive plants are released from attack by some enemies, typically specialists, they often do not escape attack from generalists. Thus, different types of defense (e.g., structural versus chemical) may evolve in different directions following introduction. We used a common garden experiment to test whether a shift in allocation among defenses (as opposed to a simple increase or decrease in a single defense) is associated with increased growth in introduced Verbascum thapsus populations. Introduced populations had significantly greater shoot biomass than natives. However, root biomass was similar between ranges, and highly variable, resulting in only marginal differences in total biomass. Mean investment in all three defenses was remarkably similar between the native and introduced populations, providing no evidence for range-level, post-introduction evolution of defense. This finding was consistent with the fact that, despite significant population-level variability for all defenses, there was little evidence of trade-offs between growth and defense or among different types of defense. These results suggest that evolution of increased growth in V. thapsus is not fueled by decreased allocation to defense, and that selection on defense may vary more at the population scale than the continental scale. C1 [Alba, Christina; Hufbauer, Ruth] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alba, Christina; Hufbauer, Ruth] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bowers, M. Deane] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Alba, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM calba@rams.colostate.edu RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Alba, Christina/H-1579-2014 OI Alba, Christina/0000-0001-7040-8480 FU Colorado Native Plant Society FX We thank Alecu Diaconu, Brad Harmon, Hariet Hinz, John Parker, Rene Sforza, and Jennifer Williams for collecting seeds; Erik Hardy for measuring leaf toughness; and Christa Fettig and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript. We also thank the Colorado Native Plant Society for partial funding of the chemical analyses. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2379 EP 2389 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0050-7 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839FL UT WOS:000296350800019 ER PT J AU Knapp, KJ Denney, GD Barner, ME AF Knapp, Kenneth J. Denney, Gary D. Barner, Mark E. TI Key issues in data center security: An investigation of government audit reports SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Data center; Information security; Audit reports; Common body of knowledge; Operations security; Physical security; Disaster preparedness AB The rising volume of electronic data, the growth in cloud computing and the need for secure and affordable large-scale data storage all contribute to the increasing reliance on data centers in society. This paper provides an overview of security issues relevant to data centers. We offer an aggregation and exploratory analysis of four audit reports of government data centers operating in the United States. Using the information security common body of knowledge to categorize audit findings, we identify the key issues from the reoccurring findings in the reports, particularly in regards to operations security, data center management, physical security, and disaster planning. The security of data centers has become a paramount concern for both government and the information technology industry. Both practitioners and academics can benefit from our research results because it provides insight into the key security issues facing modern data centers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Knapp, Kenneth J.] Univ Tampa, John H Sykes Coll Business, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Denney, Gary D.] USAF Acad, Dept Management, HQ USAFA DFM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Barner, Mark E.] USDA, WIC Program, Denver, CO 80246 USA. RP Knapp, KJ (reprint author), Univ Tampa, John H Sykes Coll Business, 401 W Kennedy Blvd,Box O, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. EM kknapp@ut.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2010.10.008 PG 9 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 837EX UT WOS:000296175000011 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP AF Labeda, David P. TI Multilocus sequence analysis of phytopathogenic species of the genus Streptomyces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATICS; STRAINS; CLADE; DNA AB The identification and classification of species within the genus Streptomyces is difficult because there are presently 576 species with validly published names and this number increases every year. The value of multilocus sequence analysis applied to the systematics of Streptomyces species has been well demonstrated in several recently published papers. In this study the sequence fragments of four housekeeping genes, atpD, recA, rpoB and trpB, were determined for the type strains of 10 known phytopathogenic species of the genus Streptomyces, including Streptomyces scabiei, Streptomyces acidiscabies, Streptomyces europaeiscabiei, Streptomyces luridiscabiei, Streptomyces niveiscabiei, Streptomyces puniciscabiei, Streptomyces reticuliscabiei, Streptomyces stelliscabiei, Streptomyces turgidiscabies and Streptomyces ipomoeae, as well as six uncharacterized phytopathogenic Streptomyces isolates. The type strains of 52 other species, including 19 species observed to be phylogenetically closely related to these, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, were also included in the study. Phylogenetic analysis of single gene alignments and a concatenated four-gene alignment demonstrated that the phytopathogenic species are taxonomically distinct from each other in spite of high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and provided a tool for the identification of unknown putative phytopathogenic Streptomyces strains at the species level. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Labeda@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 61 BP 2525 EP 2531 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.028514-0 PN 10 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 839VY UT WOS:000296398800035 PM 21112986 ER PT J AU Malmsheimer, RW Bowyer, JL Fried, JS Gee, E Izlar, RL Miner, RA Munn, IA Oneil, E Stewart, WC AF Malmsheimer, Robert W. Bowyer, James L. Fried, Jeremy S. Gee, Edmund Izlar, Robert L. Miner, Reid A. Munn, Ian A. Oneil, Elaine Stewart, William C. TI Managing Forests because Carbon Matters: Integrating Energy, Products, and Land Management Policy SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest management; forest policy; forest carbon dynamics; carbon accounting; carbon offsets; life cycle assessment; building products substitution; bioenergy ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; LIFE-CYCLE INVENTORY; BIOENERGY CROP PRODUCTION; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The United States needs many different types of forests: some managed for wood products plus other benefits, and some managed for nonconsumptive uses and benefits. The objective of reducing global greenhouse gases (GHG) requires increasing carbon storage in pools other than the atmosphere. Growing more forests and keeping forests as forests are only part of the solution, because focusing solely on the sequestration benefits of the forests misses the important (and substantial) carbon storage and substitution GHG benefits of harvested forest products, as well as other benefits of active forest management. Forests and global climate are closely linked in terms of carbon storage and releases, water fluxes from the soil and into the atmosphere, and solar energy capture. Understanding how carbon dynamics are affected by stand age, density, and management and will evolve with climate change is fundamental to exploiting the capacity for sustainably managed forests to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. For example, even though emperate forests continue to be carbon sinks, in western North America forest fires and tree mortality from insects are converting some forests into net carbon sources. Expanding forest biomass use for biofuels and energy generation will compete with traditional forest products, but it may also produce benefits through competition and market efficiency. Short-rotation woody crops, as well as landowners' preferences-based on investment-return expectations and environmental considerations, both of which will be affected by energy and environmental policies-have the potential to increase biomass supply. Unlike metals, concrete, and plastic, forest products store atmospheric carbon and have low embodied energy (the amount of energy it takes to make products), so there is a substitution effect when wood is used in place of other building materials. Wood used for energy production also provides substitution benefits by reducing the flow of fossil fuel based carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The value of carbon credits generated by forest carbon offset projects differs dramatically, depending on the sets of carbon pods allowed by the protocol and baseline employed. The costs associated with establishing and maintaining offset projects depend largely on the protocols' specific.. Measurement challenges and relatively high transaction costs needed for forest carbon offsets warrant consideration of other policies that promote climate benefits from forests and forest products but do not require project-specific accounting. Policies can foster changes in forest management and product manufacture that reduce carbon emissions over time while maintaining forests for environmental and societal benefits. US policymakers should take to heart the finding of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fourth Assessment Report when it concluded that "In the long term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing on annual sustained yield of timber, fibre, or energy from the forest, will generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit." A rational energy and environmental policy framework must be based on the premise that atmospheric greenhouse gas levels are increasing primarily because of the addition of geologic fossil fuel-based carbon into the carbon cycle. Forest carbon policy that builds on the scientific information summarized in this article can be a significant and important part of a comprehensive energy policy that provides for energy independence and carbon benefits while simultaneously providing clean water, wildlife habitat, recreation, and other uses and values. C1 [Malmsheimer, Robert W.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Bowyer, James L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bowyer, James L.] Bowyer & Associates Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bowyer, James L.] Minneapolis Based Dovetail Partners Inc, Responsible Mat Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Fried, Jeremy S.] US Forest Serv, Resource Monitoring & Assessment Program, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. [Gee, Edmund] US Forest Serv, Natl Woody Biomass Utilizat Team, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gee, Edmund] Natl Partnership, Washington, DC USA. [Izlar, Robert L.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Forest Business, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Miner, Reid A.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Munn, Ian A.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Oneil, Elaine] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Oneil, Elaine] Consortium Res Renewable Ind Mat, Seattle, WA USA. [Stewart, William C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Policy & Management Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Malmsheimer, RW (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 277 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 11 U2 99 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2011 VL 109 IS 7 SU S SI SI BP S7 EP S48 PG 42 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 839ZY UT WOS:000296409200002 ER PT J AU Lin, WS Wang, JX Thomas, E AF Lin, Wenshu Wang, Jingxin Thomas, Edward TI DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D LOG SAWING OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL SAWMILLS IN CENTRAL APPALACHIA, US SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heuristic; dynamic programming; grade sawing; modeling; optimization ID HARDWOOD LOGS; LUMBER-VALUE; BREAKDOWN OPTIMIZATION; CT IMAGES; VISION; ORIENTATION; INDUSTRY; SAWLOGS; DEFECTS; PATTERN AB A 3D log sawing optimization system was developed to perform log generation, opening face determination, sawing simulation, and lumber grading using 3D modeling techniques. Heuristic and dynamic programming algorithms were used to determine opening face and grade sawing optimization. Positions and shapes of internal log defects were predicted using a model developed by the USDA Forest Service. Lumber grading procedures were based on National Hardwood Lumber Association rules. The system was validated through comparisons with sawmill lumber values. External characteristics of logs, including length, large-end and small-end diameters, diameters at each foot, and defects were collected from five local sawmills in central Appalachia. Results indicated that hardwood sawmills have the potential to increase lumber value through optimal opening face and sawing optimizations. With these optimizations, average lumber value recovery could be increased by 10.01% using the heuristic algorithm or 14.21% using the dynamic programming algorithm. Lumber grade was improved significantly by using the optimal algorithms. For example, recovery of select or higher grade lumber increased 16-30%. This optimization system would help small sawmill operators improve their processing performance and improve industry competitiveness. C1 [Lin, Wenshu; Wang, Jingxin] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Thomas, Edward] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM wlin2@mix.wvu.edu; jxwang@wvu.edu; ethomas@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Wood Education and Resource Center FX We acknowledge the USDA Forest Service Wood Education and Resource Center for providing financial support to this study. This manuscript is published with the approval of the Director of West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station as Scientific Article No. 3113. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 43 IS 4 BP 379 EP 393 PG 15 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 839YT UT WOS:000296406100005 ER PT J AU Li, XY Swaggerty, CL Kogut, MH Chiang, HI Wang, Y Genovese, KJ He, H Pevzner, IY Zhou, HJ AF Li, X. Y. Swaggerty, C. L. Kogut, M. H. Chiang, H. I. Wang, Y. Genovese, K. J. He, H. Pevzner, I. Y. Zhou, H. J. TI Caecal transcriptome analysis of colonized and non-colonized chickens within two genetic lines that differ in caecal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE broiler; C. jejuni; ceca; colonization; transcriptome ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CELL INVASION; PATHWAYS; SUPERFAMILY; ACTIVATION; MICROARRAY; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; GTPASES; KINASE AB Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of human bacterial enteritis worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of the host responses of chickens to C. jejuni colonization are not well understood. We have previously found differences in C. jejuni colonization at 7-days post-inoculation (pi) between two genetic broiler lines. However, within each line, not all birds were colonized by C. jejuni (27.5% colonized in line A, and 70% in line B). Therefore, the objective of the present experiments was to further define the differences in host gene expression between colonized and non-colonized chickens within each genetic line. RNA isolated from ceca of colonized and non-colonized birds within each line was applied to a chicken 44K Agilent microarray for the pair comparison. There were differences in the mechanisms of host resistant to C. jejuni colonization between line A and line B. Ten times more differentially expressed genes were observed between colonized and non-colonized chickens within line B than those within line A. Our study supports the fact that the MAPK pathway is important in host response to C. jejuni colonization in line B, but not in line A. The data indicate that inhibition of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction could enhance the resistance of chickens to C. jejuni colonization and that the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily genes play important roles in determining C. jejuni non-colonization in broilers. C1 [Li, X. Y.; Chiang, H. I.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, H. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Swaggerty, C. L.; Kogut, M. H.; Genovese, K. J.; He, H.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Pevzner, I. Y.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. RP Zhou, HJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hjzhou@poultry.tamu.edu FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35604-17903] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2007-35604-17903 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Animal Genome program. The authors thank Norman J. Stern from the Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, USDA, for kindly providing the bacterial strain. Mention of commercial productions is for the sole purpose of providing specific information and is not a recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 42 IS 5 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02168.x PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 818PM UT WOS:000294765800004 PM 21906100 ER PT J AU Nowak, JS Bolduc, N Dengler, NG Posluszny, U AF Nowak, Julia S. Bolduc, Nathalie Dengler, Nancy G. Posluszny, Usher TI COMPOUND LEAF DEVELOPMENT IN THE PALM CHAMAEDOREA ELEGANS IS KNOX-INDEPENDENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Chamaedorea elegans; compound leaf; KNOX; leaf development; palms ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PLICATION INCEPTION; HISTOGENETIC OBSERVATIONS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; HOMEOBOX GENES; LEAVES; MORPHOGENESIS; ARECACEAE; EXPRESSION; SEPARATION AB Premise of the study: How a leaf acquires its shape is a major and largely unresolved question in plant biology. This problem is particularly complex in the case of compound leaves, where the leaf blade is subdivided into leaflets. In many eudicots with compound leaves, class I KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) genes are upregulated in the leaf primordium and promote leaflet initiation, while KNOX genes are restricted to the shoot apical meristem in simple-leaved plants. In monocots, however, little is known about the extent of KNOX contribution to compound leaf development, and we aimed to address this issue in the palm Chamaedorea elegans. Methods: We investigated the accumulation pattern of KNOX proteins in shoot apical meristems and leaf primordia of the palm C. elegans using immunolocalization experiments. Key results: KNOX proteins accumulated in vegetative and inflorescence apical meristems and in the subtending stem tissue, but not in the plicated regions of the leaf primordia. These plicated areas form during primary morphogenesis and are the only meristematic tissue in the developing primordium. In addition, KNOX proteins did not accumulate in any region of the developing leaf during secondary morphogenesis, when leaflets separate to create the final pinnately compound leaf. Conclusions: The compound leaf character in palms, C. elegans in particular and likely other pinnately compound palms, does not depend on the activities of KNOX proteins. C1 [Nowak, Julia S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bolduc, Nathalie] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Dengler, Nancy G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Posluszny, Usher] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Nowak, JS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM nowakj@interchange.ubc.ca FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors thank S. Hake, J. S. Greenwood, Q. C. B. Cronk, and P. B. Tomlinson for helpful discussions; J. Langdale and J. Harrison for supplying the initial antibodies and aiding in the inception of this work; H. Smith for generating the anti-KN1 serum; V. Coneva and J. Colasanti for maize material; P. Donnelly, A. Nowak, C. Trobaucher, S. Massey, S. Sveinsson, N. Temmel, and A. Gerstein for technical help; R. Dengler for the C. elegans leaf photograph; two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments; and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada for funding to J. S. N., Q. C. B. Cronk, N. G. D., and U.P. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1575 EP 1582 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100101 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 833ME UT WOS:000295888800013 PM 21911452 ER PT J AU Fritzen, CM Huang, JJ Westby, K Freye, JD Dunlap, B Yabsley, MJ Schardein, M Dunn, JR Jones, TF Moncayo, AC AF Fritzen, Charissa M. Huang, Junjun Westby, Kathleen Freye, James D. Dunlap, Brett Yabsley, Michael J. Schardein, Mike Dunn, John R. Jones, Timothy F. Moncayo, Abelardo C. TI Infection Prevalences of Common Tick-borne Pathogens in Adult Lone Star Ticks (Amblyomma americanum) and American Dog Ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) in Kentucky SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BORRELIA-LONESTARI DNA; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; UNITED-STATES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; LYME-DISEASE; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT AB Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, and ehrlichiosis are tick-borne diseases that are reported annually in Kentucky. We conducted a survey to describe infection prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis ticks collected in Kentucky. During 2007-2008, we collected 287 ticks (179 D. variabilis and 108 A. americanum) from canine, feral hog, horse, raccoon, white-tailed deer, and human hosts in six counties in Kentucky. Ticks were screened for Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., and Ehrlichia spp. by using polymerase chain reaction. Forty-one (14.3%) ticks (31 A. americanum and 10 D. variabilis) were polymerase chain reaction positive for a Rickettsia spp. Fourteen (4.9%) ticks (6 A. americanum and 8 D. variabilis) were positive for E. chaffeensis, and 4 A. americanum (1.4%) were positive for E. ewingii. One (0.4%) A. americanum was positive for Borrelia lonestari. Although Rocky Mountain spotted fever is diagnosed in Kentucky, no R. rickettsii was found in ticks in this study. C1 [Fritzen, Charissa M.; Huang, Junjun; Westby, Kathleen; Dunn, John R.; Jones, Timothy F.; Moncayo, Abelardo C.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. [Freye, James D.; Dunlap, Brett] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Madison, TN USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schardein, Mike] Kentucky Dept Publ Hlth, Frankfort, KY USA. RP Moncayo, AC (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. EM cmn37@cornell.edu; Junjun.Huang@tn.gov; kmwest2@ilstu.edu; James.D.Freye@aphis.usda.gov; Brett.G.Dunlap@aphis.usda.gov; myabsley@uga.edu; Mike.Schardein@ky.gov; John.Dunn@tn.gov; Tim.F.Jones@tn.gov; abelardo.moncayo@tn.gov NR 64 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 85 IS 4 BP 718 EP 723 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0583 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 833QB UT WOS:000295898900026 PM 21976578 ER PT J AU Scoles, GA Hutcheson, HJ Schlater, JL Hennager, SG Pelzel, AM Knowles, DP AF Scoles, Glen A. Hutcheson, H. Joel Schlater, Jack L. Hennager, Steven G. Pelzel, Angela M. Knowles, Donald P. TI Equine Piroplasmosis Associated with Amblyomma cajennense Ticks, Texas, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; GENUS AMBLYOMMA; VECTOR TICKS; BABESIA-EQUI; IXODIDAE; ACARI; IXODOIDEA; LAVERAN AB We report an outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in southern Texas, USA, in 2009. Infection prevalence reached 100% in some areas (292 infected horses). Amblyomma cajennense was the predominant tick and experimentally transmitted Theileria equi to an uninfected horse. We suggest that transmission by this tick species played a role in this outbreak. C1 [Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hutcheson, H. Joel; Schlater, Jack L.; Hennager, Steven G.] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Pelzel, Angela M.] USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Research Information Service [5348-32000-028-00D] FX This study was supported in part by USDA-Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Research Information Service project no. 5348-32000-028-00D. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2011 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1903 EP 1905 DI 10.3201/eid1710.101182 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 833PL UT WOS:000295897300021 PM 22000367 ER PT J AU Burch, AY Browne, PJ Dunlap, CA Price, NP Lindow, SE AF Burch, Adrien Y. Browne, Patrick J. Dunlap, Christopher A. Price, Neil P. Lindow, Steven E. TI Comparison of biosurfactant detection methods reveals hydrophobic surfactants and contact-regulated production SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWARMER CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPOPEPTIDE BIOSURFACTANT; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; BACTERIA; MOTILITY; BACILLUS; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS AB Biosurfactants are diverse molecules with numerous biological functions and industrial applications. A variety of environments were examined for biosurfactant-producing bacteria including soil, water and leaf surfaces. Biosurfactant production was assessed with an atomized oil assay for a large number of bacterial isolates and compared with a commonly used drop collapse assay from broth and plate cultures. The atomized oil assay detected every strain that produced a biosurfactant detectable by the drop collapse test, and also identified additional strains that were not detected with the drop collapse assay because they produced low levels of surfactant or hydrophobic (low water solubility) surfactants such as pumilacidins. Not all strains that produced a biosurfactant detectable by the drop collapse when cultured on agar surfaces produced surfactants detectable by drop collapse when cultured in broth, and vice versa. Many bacterial strains exhibited preferential production of surfactants when grown on an agar surface compared with broth cultures, and such surface enhancement of production could also be stimulated by increasing the viscosity of liquid culture media. Surface induction of surfactant production in the epiphyte Pseudomonas syringae was regulated at the transcriptional level. C1 [Burch, Adrien Y.; Browne, Patrick J.; Lindow, Steven E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lindow, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM icelab@berkeley.edu FU Energy Biosciences Institute, UC Berkeley FX We are grateful to Patrick Harrigan and Jia Wang for experimental assistance. This work was supported in part by the Energy Biosciences Institute, UC Berkeley. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2681 EP 2691 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02534.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 834OK UT WOS:000295971300006 PM 21883788 ER PT J AU Ochoa-Hueso, R Allen, EB Branquinho, C Cruz, C Dias, T Fenn, ME Manrique, E Perez-Corona, ME Sheppard, LJ Stock, WD AF Ochoa-Hueso, Raul Allen, Edith B. Branquinho, Cristina Cruz, Cristina Dias, Teresa Fenn, Mark E. Manrique, Esteban Esther Perez-Corona, M. Sheppard, Lucy J. Stock, William D. TI Nitrogen deposition effects on Mediterranean-type ecosystems: An ecological assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE Dry deposition; Exotic plants; Fire cycle; Mediterranean-type ecosystems; N flushes; Phosphorus; Seasonality ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; CALIFORNIAN SEMIARID SHRUBLANDS; STRESS-GRADIENT HYPOTHESIS; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HOLM OAK FOREST; REPENS L L; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ELEVATED CO2 AB We review the ecological consequences of N deposition on the five Mediterranean regions of the world. Seasonality of precipitation and fires regulate the N cycle in these water-limited ecosystems, where dry N deposition dominates. Nitrogen accumulation in soils and on plant surfaces results in peaks of availability with the first winter rains. Decoupling between N flushes and plant demand promotes losses via leaching and gas emissions. Differences in P availability may control the response to N inputs and susceptibility to exotic plant invasion. Invasive grasses accumulate as fuel during the dry season, altering fire regimes. California and the Mediterranean Basin are the most threatened by N deposition; however, there is limited evidence for N deposition impacts outside of California. Consequently, more research is needed to determine critical loads for each region and vegetation type based on the most sensitive elements, such as changes in lichen species composition and N cycling. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ochoa-Hueso, Raul; Manrique, Esteban] Consejo Super Invest Cientificas, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, Dept Plant Physiol & Ecol, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Branquinho, Cristina; Cruz, Cristina; Dias, Teresa] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biol Ambiental, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Esther Perez-Corona, M.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Biol, Dept Ecol, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Sheppard, Lucy J.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stock, William D.] Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Management, Perth, WA 6027, Australia. RP Ochoa-Hueso, R (reprint author), Consejo Super Invest Cientificas, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, Dept Plant Physiol & Ecol, C Serrano 115 Dpdo, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM raul.ochoa@ccma.csic.es RI Stock, William/B-8858-2008; Dias, Teresa/E-8816-2015; Branquinho, Cristina/B-3670-2008; Cruz, Cristina/F-2643-2011; Ochoa-Hueso, Raul/K-1113-2016; OI Stock, William/0000-0003-2475-2963; Dias, Teresa/0000-0002-5421-4763; Branquinho, Cristina/0000-0001-8294-7924; Cruz, Cristina/0000-0003-3100-463X; Manrique, Esteban/0000-0002-6565-0704; Ochoa-Hueso, Raul/0000-0002-1839-6926; PEREZ CORONA, MARIA ESTHER/0000-0002-4034-8920 FU Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [AP2006-04638]; [CGL-2009-11015]; [AGL-2006-13848-C02-01/AGR]; [S2009/AMB-1783]; [S-0505/AMB/0032] FX ROH was financially supported by an FPU grant of the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia to (AP2006-04638) and by projects (CGL-2009-11015, AGL-2006-13848-C02-01/AGR, S2009/AMB-1783 and S-0505/AMB/0032). We are very grateful to the organizers of the Edinburgh Workshop on Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity (16-18 November 2009) for inspiring this manuscript. NR 169 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 134 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 159 IS 10 BP 2265 EP 2279 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.019 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 828HW UT WOS:000295493100008 PM 21277663 ER PT J AU Zia, MH Codling, EE Scheckel, KG Chaney, RL AF Zia, Munir Hussain Codling, Eton E. Scheckel, Kirk G. Chaney, Rufus L. TI In vitro and in vivo approaches for the measurement of oral bioavailability of lead (Pb) in contaminated soils: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE Risk assessment; Urban; Bioaccessibility; Soil; Metals ID BONE MEAL AMENDMENTS; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; URBAN SOILS; BLOOD LEAD; SITU STABILIZATION; DIGESTION MODELS; LEACHING COLUMN; MANGANESE OXIDE; PH CONDITIONS AB We reviewed the published evidence of lead (Pb) contamination of urban soils, soil Pb risk to children through hand-to-mouth activity, reduction of soil Pb bioavailability due to soil amendments, and methods to assess bioaccessibility which correlate with bioavailability of soil Pb. Feeding tests have shown that urban soils may have much lower Pb bioavailability than previously assumed. Hence bioavailability of soil Pb is the important measure for protection of public health, not total soil Pb. Chemical extraction tests (Pb bioaccessibility) have been developed which are well correlated with the results of bioavailability tests; application of these tests can save money and time compared with feeding tests. Recent findings have revealed that fractional bioaccessibility (bioaccessible compared to total) of Pb in urban soils is only 5-10% of total soil Pb, far lower than the 60% as bioavailable as food-Pb presumed by U.S.-EPA (30% absolute bioavailability used in IEUBK model). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zia, Munir Hussain] Fauji Fertilizer Co Ltd, Tech Serv Dept, Lahore, Pakistan. [Zia, Munir Hussain; Codling, Eton E.; Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Zia, MH (reprint author), Fauji Fertilizer Co Ltd, Tech Serv Dept, Lahore, Pakistan. EM MunirZia@gmail.com RI Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 125 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 16 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 159 IS 10 BP 2320 EP 2327 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.043 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 828HW UT WOS:000295493100013 PM 21616569 ER PT J AU Ronchi, CF Ferreira, ALD Campos, FJ Kurokawa, CS Carpi, MF de Moraes, MA Bonatto, RC Defaveri, J Yeum, KJ Fioretto, JR AF Ronchi, Carlos Fernando dos Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia Campos, Fabio Joly Kurokawa, Cilmery Suemi Carpi, Mario Ferreira de Moraes, Marcos Aurelio Bonatto, Rossano Cesar Defaveri, Julio Yeum, Kyung-Jin Fioretto, Jose Roberto TI High-frequency oscillatory ventilation attenuates oxidative lung injury in a rabbit model of acute lung injury SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; conventional mechanical ventilation; acute lung injury; oxidative stress; antioxidants ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; LOW-TIDAL-VOLUME; PARTIAL LIQUID VENTILATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ARDS; STRATEGIES; STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT; PLASMA; ADULTS AB Mechanical ventilation (MV) can induce lung oxidative stress, which plays an important role in pulmonary injury. This study compared protective conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for oxygenation, oxidative stress, inflammatory and histopathological lung injury in a rabbit model of acute lung injury (ALI). Rabbits (n = 30) were ventilated at FiO(2) 1.0. Lung injury was induced by tracheal saline infusion (30 mL/kg, 38 degrees C). Animals were randomly assigned to: (a) sham control (CG: tidal volume [V(T)] 6 mL/kg, positive end expiratory pressure [PEEP] 5 cmH(2)O, respiratory rate [RR] 40 ipm); (b) ALI + CMV (CMVG: V(T) 6 mL/kg, PEEP 10 cmH(2)O, RR 40 ipm); or (c) ALI + HFOV (HFG: mean airway pressure [Paw] 14 cmH(2)O, RR 10 Hz) groups. Lung oxidative stress was assessed by total antioxidant performance assay, inflammatory response by the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid/lung and pulmonary histological damage was quantified by a score. Ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 30 min. Both ALI groups showed worse oxygenation after lung injury induction. After four hours of ventilation, HFG showed better oxygenation (partial pressure of oxygen [PaO(2)] - CG: 465.9 +/- 30.5 = HFG: 399.1 +/- 98.2 > CMVG: 232.7 +/- 104 mmHg, P < 0.05) and inflammatory responses (CMVG: 4.27 +/- 1.50 > HFG: 0.33 +/- 0.20 = CG: 0.16 +/- 0.15; polymorphonuclear cells/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid/lung, P < 0.05), less histopathological injury score (CMVG: 5 [1-16] > HFG: 1 [0-5] > CG: 0 [0-3]; P < 0.05), and lower lung oxidative stress than CMVG (CG: 59.4 +/- 4.52 = HFG: 69.0 +/- 4.99 > CMVG: 47.6 +/- 2.58% protection/g protein, P < 0.05). This study showed that HFOV had an important protective role in ALI. It improved oxygenation, reduced inflammatory process and histopathological damage, and attenuated oxidative lung injury compared with protective CMV under these experimental conditions considering the study limitations. C1 [Ronchi, Carlos Fernando; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ronchi, Carlos Fernando; dos Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Campos, Fabio Joly; Kurokawa, Cilmery Suemi; Carpi, Mario Ferreira; de Moraes, Marcos Aurelio; Bonatto, Rossano Cesar; Fioretto, Jose Roberto] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pediat, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Defaveri, Julio] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Dept Pathol, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Ronchi, CF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ronchi.carlos@yahoo.com RI Kurokawa, Cilmery /C-2851-2012 OI Kurokawa, Cilmery /0000-0003-1380-7527 FU Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil [2008/08199-2]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA: 1950-51000-065-085] FX This study was supported in part by Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil (process number: 2008/08199-2) and by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement (USDA: 1950-51000-065-085). We thank the Experimental Laboratory of Pediatrics Department - UNESP and Carotenoids & Health Laboratory at Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging - Tufts University staff for their assistance and Colin E Knaggs for text revision. Any opinions, findings, conclusion or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the UNESP or US Department of Agriculture. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 236 IS 10 BP 1188 EP 1196 DI 10.1258/ebm.2011.011085 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 836JC UT WOS:000296106900012 PM 21930717 ER PT J AU Ayrilmis, N Jarusombuti, S Fueangvivat, V Bauchongkol, P White, RH AF Ayrilmis, Nadir Jarusombuti, Songklod Fueangvivat, Vallayuth Bauchongkol, Piyawade White, Robert H. TI Coir Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Panel for Automotive Interior Applications SO FIBERS AND POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Coir fiber; Composite panel; Natural fiber; Polypropylene; Reinforced thermoplastic composite ID WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; FLAME RETARDANCY; WATER-UPTAKE; CELLULOSE; GLASS; HEMP AB In this study, physical, mechanical, and flammability properties of coconut fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite panels were evaluated. Four levels of the coir fiber content (40, 50, 60, and 70 % based on the composition by weight) were mixed with the PP powder and a coupling agent, 3 wt % maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP) powder. The water resistance and the internal bond strength of the composites were negatively influenced by increasing coir fiber content. However, the flexural strength, the tensile strength, and the hardness of the composites improved with increasing the coir fiber content up to 60 wt %. The flame retardancy of the composites improved with increasing coir fiber content. The results suggest that an optimal composite panel formulation for automotive interior applications is a mixture of 60 wt % coir fiber, 37 wt % PP powder, and 3 wt % MAPP. C1 [Ayrilmis, Nadir] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Jarusombuti, Songklod] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Prod, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. [Fueangvivat, Vallayuth; Bauchongkol, Piyawade] Royal Forest Dept, Wood Res & Dev Off, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. [White, Robert H.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ayrilmis, N (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM nadiray@istanbul.edu.tr RI Ayrilmis, Nadir/F-1573-2015 NR 50 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 27 PU KOREAN FIBER SOC PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CTR #501 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9197 J9 FIBER POLYM JI Fiber. Polym. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 12 IS 7 BP 919 EP 926 DI 10.1007/s12221-011-0919-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 837DD UT WOS:000296170400011 ER PT J AU Post, RC AF Post, Robert C. TI Building Healthier Plates One Message at a Time SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Post, RC (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 65 IS 10 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 837FK UT WOS:000296176300018 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB Finley, AO AF Woodall, Christopher W. D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. Finley, Andrew O. TI Effects of Stand and Inter-Specific Stocking on Maximizing Standing Tree Carbon Stocks in the Eastern United States SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass; carbon; species diversity; stand density index; stand stocking; mixed species management ID DENSITY INDEX; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; FORESTS; BIODIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; PLANTATIONS; POOLS AB There is expanding interest in management strategies that maximize forest carbon (C) storage to mitigate increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. The tremendous tree species diversity and range of stand stocking found across the eastern United States presents a challenge for determining optimal combinations for the maximization of standing tree C storage. Using a nationwide annual forest inventory, we quantified trends in standing tree C across a variety of species mixtures and stocking attributes for 24 of the most common tree species in the eastern United States. We found that as interspecific stocking decreased, such that the majority of stand stocking was in a single species, maximum live tree aboveground carbon (AGC) decreased by 33% in highly stocked stands across all study species. Maximum standing dead tree AGC was not correlated with stand stocking but instead was related to interspecific stocking with AGC storage being reduced by more than 50% as stands became progressively occupied by one tree species. Although the competitive interactions between individual species and/or functional groups (i.e., shade tolerance) can greatly complicate efforts to assess forest C storage opportunities, some basic tenets identified in this study may refine future research hypotheses and broadly identify species mixtures and associated stocking levels that may maximize AGC storage. FOR. So. 57(5): 365-378. C1 [Woodall, Christopher W.; Bradford, John B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us; damato@umn.edu; jbbradford@fs.fed.us; finleya@msu.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 57 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 365 EP 378 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 833OX UT WOS:000295895900002 ER PT J AU Goychuk, D Kilgore, MA Blinn, CR Coggins, J Kolka, RK AF Goychuk, Denys Kilgore, Michael A. Blinn, Charles R. Coggins, Jay Kolka, Randall K. TI The Effect of Timber Harvesting Guidelines on Felling and Skidding Productivity in Northern Minnesota SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE economics; timber harvesting productivity; global positioning system (GPS) recorders; regression ID SEEMINGLY UNRELATED REGRESSIONS; FOREST MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES; COST; TIME; STAND; PINE; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; ATTRIBUTES; SKIDDERS AB Substantial investment has been made in the development and application of scientifically based best management practices (i.e., guidelines) intended to protect and enhance the ecological, environmental, and aesthetic attributes of forest resources. When correctly applied, guidelines can increase environmental benefits on site and to adjacent resources, as well as improve forest health and productivity. We empirically evaluated how varying degrees of application of Minnesota's Timber Harvesting and Forest Management guidelines, along with operator and tract-specific variables, affect felling and skidding productivity of mixed aspen/hardwood/conifer stands in northern Minnesota. To do so, felling and skidding productivity data from five mechanized logging businesses were collected on 52 clearcut harvest blocks in northern Minnesota from August 2006 to May 2007 using time-motion and geospatial sensors. Additional postharvest data were collected for each block using high-resolution aerial photography and detailed on-site inventories. With use of these data, separate regression models were developed to estimate the impact that timber harvesting guidelines and tract and operator variables have on felling and skidding productivity. Results of regression analyses and diagnostic tests showed that felling productivity is influenced not only by guideline variables but also by tract and operator variables. Skidding productivity is influenced by both guideline and tract variables. The error terms of the separate felling and skidding models are statistically correlated, calling for their simultaneous estimation using a method known as seemingly unrelated regression. Specific explanatory variables that are statistically significant in explaining felling productivity include the logger's use of a preharvest site map and/or preharvest meeting with the forester, harvesting in winter, merchantable timber volume per unit area, and the operator. Variables that are statistically significant in explaining skidding productivity are the area of landings and skid trails as a percentage of the harvest area, ratio of the harvest block perimeter to the block area, slope, and merchantable timber volume per unit area. The findings suggest that implementing the guidelines we studied has minimal effect on felling productivity, although several adversely affect skidding productivity. By considering how to lay out the harvest block to facilitate skidding efficiency, a feller operator may be able to reduce the impact of some guidelines on skidding productivity. FOR. SCI. 57(5):393-407. C1 [Goychuk, Denys; Kilgore, Michael A.; Blinn, Charles R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Coggins, Jay] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Goychuk, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM goyc0001@umn.edu; mkilgore@umn.edu; cblinn@umn.edu; jcoggins@umn.edu; rkolka@fs.fed.us OI Blinn, Charlie/0000-0003-1981-5421 FU US Forest Service; University of Minnesota's Department of Forest Resources; Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota Extension; Minnesota Forest Resources Council FX This research was funded by the US Forest Service, University of Minnesota's Department of Forest Resources and Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota Extension, and the Minnesota Forest Resources Council. The authors express their gratitude to Mike Phillips for assistance with obtaining study equipment, to Ray Higgins for helping establish contact with study participants, to Donna Olson and Levi Meld for assisting with field data collection, and to the participating logging businesses. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 393 EP 407 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 833OX UT WOS:000295895900004 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Rideout, DB Hall, TB AF Wei, Yu Rideout, Douglas B. Hall, Thomas B. TI Toward Efficient Management of Large Fires: A Mixed Integer Programming Model and Two Iterative Approaches SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE optimization; fire suppression; fire loss; minimum travel time ID WILDFIRE CONTAINMENT; ALLOCATION; SPREAD AB In this study, we developed an optimization model and two iterative approaches to improve the efficiency of large fire management. This model allocates suppression effort across time and space to minimize fire loss within a defined duration. It departs from previous research by replacing simplified fire containment rules with progress-based fire loss control. This is accomplished by extending the minimum travel time algorithm to build a large fire suppression model. Mixed integer programming is used to integrate spatial information such as fire behavior, firefighter safety, and values at risk to guide large fire suppression. The concern of time-specific suppression allocation is modeled through two iterative approaches using different logical procedures. Test cases demonstrate how this model assembles spatial data to support suppression decisions for one fire or multiple simultaneous fires. Suppression is also scheduled across 30 randomly simulated fires in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Results demonstrate that suppression delay can significantly increase fire loss. Simulation results show that iterative approach A is more efficient in distributing suppression effort into short time periods. FOR. SCI. 57(5):435-447. C1 [Wei, Yu; Rideout, Douglas B.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hall, Thomas B.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wei@warnercnr.colostate.edu; doug@warnercnr.colostate.edu; thall@fs.fed.us FU Colorado State University FX This project was funded by the McIntire-Stennis Research Program at Colorado State University. The authors wish to thank the associate editor, three anonymous reviewers, and Dr. Michael Bevers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 435 EP 447 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 833OX UT WOS:000295895900008 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Owen, JS Gabriel, MZ AF Altland, James E. Owen, James S., Jr. Gabriel, Magdalena Z. TI Influence of Pumice and Plant Roots on Substrate Physical Properties Over Time SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE media; container capacity; air space; total porosity; water holding capacity; water management AB An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that either pumice or plant roots maintain air space (AS) and porosity over time, or renders substrates more resistant to shrinkage. Treatment design was a 3 x 2 factorial with three substrate types and either presence or absence of a plant. The three substrates were composed of douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) bark alone or amended with 15% or 30% (by volume) pumice. Substrates were packed in aluminum cores to facilitate measurement of physical properties with porometers at the conclusion of the experiment. Half of the cores with each of the three substrate types were packed with a single plug of 'Autumn Blush' coreopsis (Coreopsis sp.) (Expt. 1) or 'Blue Prince' holly (Ilex xmeserveae) (Expt. 2). The remaining cores were maintained in the same production environment, but without a plant. Substrate physical properties were measured before the experiment and after 48 days for coreopsis plants and 382 days for holly. Both experiments had relatively similar responses despite using different crops and production times. Summarizing in general overall treatments, AS decreased, container capacity (CC) and total porosity (TP) increased, and bulk density remained constant over time. The presence of a plant in the core tended to exacerbate the decrease in AS and the increase in core capacity. Shrinkage was decreased by the presence of a plant, but only minimally. C1 [Altland, James E.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OH Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Owen, James S., Jr.; Gabriel, Magdalena Z.] Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OH Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM James.Altland@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 554 EP 557 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JN UT WOS:000296108100007 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Soria, J AF Takeda, Fumiomi Soria, Jorge TI Method for Producing Long-cane Blackberry Plants SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rubus; propagation; tip layering; primocane; lateral cane; trellis; cane training; rooting; flowering ID CHESTER THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; TRAILING SISKIYOU BLACKBERRY; IMPROVE WINTER SURVIVAL; CROSS-ARM TRELLIS; BUD DEVELOPMENT; CULTIVARS; ERECT; YIELD; MODEL AB The objective of this study was to evaluate primocane cane training and propagation techniques for the production of long-cane blackberry (Rubus spp.) plants. Seventeen to 29 6-ft-long canes were produced from each semierect 'Triple Crown' and trailing 'Siskiyou' blackberry plant grown on the rotating cross-arm (RCA) trellis and cane training system. By early August, the lateral canes had grown beyond the top wire approximate to 6 ft above the ground and continued growing downward to the ground. The tips of the lateral canes reached the soil level from mid-August to mid-September at which time they were placed in 1/2-gal pots containing peat-based media. In early Oct. 2009, the tip-rooted lateral canes were cut from the stock plant at the uppermost trellis wire. Among the long-cane plants produced in 2009, 76% of buds in 'Siskiyou' broke, but less than 30% of buds in 'Triple Crown' broke in a heated greenhouse. Flowering occurred in 15% of the shoots that developed on rooted 'Siskiyou' long canes, but the shoots on the long-cane plants of 'Triple Crown' were morphologically vegetative and flowering did not occur. In 2010-11, the long-cane plants were detached from the stock plants in December, January, and March. The numbers of nodes with a flowering shoot improved to 41% and 16% and the number of flowers per shoot increased to two and five flowers on long-cane plants of 'Siskiyou' and 'Triple Crown' blackberry, respectively. C1 [Takeda, Fumiomi] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Soria, Jorge] Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Estac Expt Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, INIA Brujas, Canelones 90200, Uruguay. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM fumi.takeda@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JN UT WOS:000296108100009 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM AF Frantz, Jonathan M. TI Elevating Carbon Dioxide in a Commercial Greenhouse Reduced Overall Fuel Carbon Consumption and Production Cost When Used in Combination with Cool Temperatures for Lettuce Production SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE controlled environment agriculture; sustainability; carbon footprint; Virtual Grower; CO2 ID UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; CO2; PLANTS; LEAF AB Greenhouses that are well sealed can result in carbon dioxide (CO2) drawdown and suppressed plant growth. While growers can add supplemental CO2 it is unknown how supplemental CO2 fits within the framework of sustainable crop production in greenhouses. In this study, supplemental CO2 was used in combination with reduced temperatures to evaluate the productivity of 'Grand Rapids' lettuce (Latuca sativa) compared with a traditionally maintained, warmer, and well-insulated greenhouse without supplemental CO2 at a commercial facility. Simulations using Virtual Grower software based on identical greenhouses compared fuel use and carbon (C) consumed because of heating and CO2 supplementation. Models were verified with measurements in a well-sealed commercial greenhouse; CO2 quickly decreased to below 300 ppm in a nonsupplemented greenhouse containing plants. Supplemental CO2 boosted total leaf number and mass of lettuce even though temperatures were maintained 3 degrees F lower in elevated CO2 than in the traditional management scenario. Maintaining a cooler greenhouse but adding CO2 decreased total carbon (C) consumed (by combined fuel use and CO2 supplementation) by 7% during the 3-month season that required a well-sealed greenhouse. Additionally, fuel savings because of lower temperature set points paid for the cost of adding CO2. The use of CO2 enrichment should be considered as a tool in sustainable systems when its use can counteract the plant growth and development reductions brought on by lowered temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, 2801 W Bancroft,MS 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jonathan.frantz@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 647 EP 651 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JN UT WOS:000296108100020 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, Yong-Biao TI Oxygen Enhances Phosphine Toxicity for Postharvest Pest Control SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosphine fumigation; oxygen; stored product; postharvest pest control ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEPIDOPTERA; MORTALITY; PYRALIDAE; QUALITY; LETTUCE AB Phosphine fumigations under superatmospheric oxygen levels (oxygenated phosphine fumigations) were significantly more effective than the fumigations under the normal 20.9% atmospheric oxygen level against western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] adults and larvae, leafminer Liriomyza langei Frick pupae, grape mealybug [Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn)] eggs, and Indianmeal moth [Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)] eggs and pupae. In 5-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C, mortalities of western flower thrips increased significantly from 79.5 to 97.7% when oxygen was increased from 20.9 to 40% and reached 99.3% under 80% O(2). Survivorships of leafminer pupae decreased significantly from 71.2% under 20.9% O(2) to 16.2% under 40% O(2) and reached 1.1% under 80% O(2) in 24-h fumigations with 500 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C. Complete control of leafminer pupae was achieved in 24-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C under 60% O(2) or higher. Survivorships of grape mealybug eggs also decreased significantly in 48-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 2 degrees C under 60% O(2) compared with the fumigations under 20.9% O(2). Indianmeal moth egg survivorships decreased significantly from 17.4 to 0.5% in responses to an oxygen level increase from 20.9 to 40% in 48-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 10 degrees C and reached 0.2% in fumigations under 80% O(2). Whenthe oxygen level was reduced from 20.9 to 15 and 10% in fumigations, survivorships of Indianmeal moth eggs increased significantly from 17.4 to 32.9 and 39.9%, respectively. Increased O(2) levels also resulted in significantly lower survival rates of Indianmeal moth pupae in response to 24-h fumigations with 500 and 1,000 ppm phosphine at 10 degrees C and a complete control was achieved in the 1,000 ppm phosphine fumigations under 60% O(2). Oxygenated phosphine fumigations have marked potential to improve insecticidal efficacy. Advantages and limitations of oxygenated phosphine fumigation are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM yongbiao.liu@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service FX I thank T. Masuda, Y. Obad, C. Torres, and J. Wasson for technical assistance and W. J. Walter (University of California-Davis) for providing grape mealybug for our grape mealybug culture; Sunridge Nurseries (Bakersfield, CA) for supplying grape benchgrafts; and Drs. L. G. Neven and S. S. Walse for reviewing earlier versions of this paper. This study was supported in part by funding from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1455 EP 1461 DI 10.1603/EC10351 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100002 PM 22066172 ER PT J AU Buchman, JL Sengoda, VG Munyaneza, JE AF Buchman, Jeremy L. Sengoda, Venkatesan G. Munyaneza, Joseph E. TI Vector Transmission Efficiency of Liberibacter by Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Zebra Chip Potato Disease: Effects of Psyllid Life Stage and Inoculation Access Period SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potato psyllid; liberibacter; inoculation efficiency; potato; zebra chip ID SOLANACEARUM; ASSOCIATION; INSECTICIDES; YELLOWS; PLANTS; TUBERS; PCR AB Successful transmission of plant pathogens by insects depends on the vector inoculation efficiency and how rapidly the insect can effectively transmit the pathogen to the host plant. The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), has recently been found to transmit "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum," a bacterium associated with zebra chip (ZC), an emerging and economically important disease of potato in several parts of the world. Currently, little is known about the epidemiology of ZC and its vector's inoculation capabilities. Studies were conducted in the field and laboratory to 1) assess transmission efficiency of potato psyllid nymphs and adults; 2) determine whether psyllid inoculation access period affects ZC incidence, severity, and potato yield; and 3) determine how fast the psyllid can transmit liberibacter to potato, leading to ZC development. Results showed that adult potato psyllids were highly efficient vectors of liberibacter that causes ZC and that nymphs were less efficient than adults at transmitting this bacterium. It was also determined that inoculation access period had little influence on overall ZC disease incidence, severity, and resulting yield loss. Moreover, results showed that exposure of a plant to 20 adult potato psyllids for a period as short as 1 h resulted in ZC symptom development. Furthermore, it was shown that a single adult potato psyllid was capable of inoculating liberibacter to potato within a period as short as 6 h, thereby inducing development of ZC. This information will help in developing effective management strategies for this serious potato disease. C1 [Buchman, Jeremy L.; Sengoda, Venkatesan G.; Munyaneza, Joseph E.] ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Buchman, Jeremy L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM joseph.munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Frito-Lay, Inc.; USDA-ARS; Texas Department of Agriculture; USDA-Risk Avoidance and Mitigation [2009-51101-05892]; USDA-Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-20176] FX We thank Blaine Heilman, Millie Heidt, Tonja Fisher, Dan Hallauer, Jeff Upton, Jerry Gefre, and Andy Cruz for invaluable technical assistance. We are also very grateful to Dave Horton for help with statistical analysis. Financial support for this research was partially provided by Frito-Lay, Inc.; USDA-ARS State Partnership Potato Program; Texas Department of Agriculture; USDA-Risk Avoidance and Mitigation (2009-51101-05892) and USDA-Specialty Crop Research Initiative (2009-51181-20176). NR 30 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1486 EP 1495 DI 10.1603/EC11123 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100006 PM 22066176 ER PT J AU Follett, PA Phillips, TW Armstrong, JW Moy, JH AF Follett, Peter A. Phillips, Thomas W. Armstrong, John W. Moy, James H. TI Generic Phytosanitary Radiation Treatment for Tephritid Fruit Flies Provides Quarantine Security for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera cucurbitae; Bactrocera latifrons; X-ray irradiation; quarantine pest; phytosanitary treatment ID CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; SAMPLE-SIZE; FLY AB Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a quarantine pest of several solanaceous crops and tropical fruits that are treated using irradiation before export from Hawaii to the U. S. mainland. A dose of 150 Gy is approved as a generic irradiation treatment for tephritid fruit flies, but no confirmation of efficacy has been reported for B. latifrons. Dose response of B. latifrons was used to determine the most tolerant life stage and identify a dose that prevents adult emergence. Data indicated doses (plus 95% confidence limits) required to prevent adult emergence of 13.4 (10.0-29.6), 17.5 (14.4-24.8), and 88.1 (68.0-133.8) Gy for eggs, first instars and third instars, respectively. In large-scale confirmatory tests of the most radiotolerant life stage, a radiation dose of 150 Gy applied to B. latifrons late third instars in bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) resulted in no survival to the adult stage of 157,112 individuals, a treatment efficacy consistent with Probit 9-level mortality. The relative radiotolerance of melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, and B. latifrons also was tested using a diagnostic radiation dose of 30 Gy. In diet, a mean of 6.9% of irradiated B. cucurbitae third instars developed to the adult stage, whereas no B. latifrons third instars developed to adults. In papaya, Carica papaya L., fruit, a mean of 3.3% of irradiated B. cucurbitae third instars developed to the adult stage, whereas 0.5% B. latifrons third instars developed to adults. This report supports the use of a generic radiation dose of 150 Gy in quarantine scenarios to control tephritid fruit flies on fresh commodities. C1 [Follett, Peter A.; Phillips, Thomas W.; Armstrong, John W.] ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Moy, James H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1509 EP 1513 DI 10.1603/EC11141 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100009 PM 22066179 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Bradshaw, JD Lee, ST Gray, ME AF Prasifka, J. R. Bradshaw, J. D. Lee, S. T. Gray, M. E. TI Relative Feeding and Development of Armyworm on Switchgrass and Corn, and Its Potential Effects on Switchgrass Grown for Biomass SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; defoliator; ethanol; pest; resistance ID PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA HAWORTH; TRUE ARMYWORM; FALL ARMYWORM; FIELD CORN; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; SAPONINS; RESISTANCE; PLANT; CATERPILLAR AB To help assess the potential for damage by armyworms [Mythimna (Pseudaletia) unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and surrounding crops, survival and development were evaluated for larvae reared on leaves of switchgrass, corn (Zea mays L.), and miscanthus (Miscanthus X giganteus Greef and Deuter ex Hodkinson and Renvoize). Additional tests assessed the relationship between leaf position and the concentration of saponins (plant compounds which can provide protection from insect herbivores) and examined the effect of defoliation on switchgrass dry mass. Survival to adulthood was similar when larvae were reared on field-grown leaves of switchgrass and corn. However, lower larval mass (10 d) and delayed development of M. unipuncta (to pupation, adult emergence) suggest switchgrass is an inferior host relative to corn. When fed field-grown miscanthus, no larvae survived 10 d. Few differences were noted between switchgrass and corn grown under controlled (laboratory) conditions, but M. unipuncta survival seemed to decline rapidly when larvae were fed the fourth and fifth leaves of switchgrass. Switchgrass leaf samples collected from different leaf positions and stages of tiller maturity showed up to 10-fold differences in the concentration of the saponin protodioscin, with the greatest concentrations in the fourth and fifth leaves. However, other saponins showed an opposite pattern, indicating the role of protodioscin on insect development should be tested in isolation (e. g., by addition of the purified compound to an artificial diet). Defoliation trials indicated that extremely high M. unipuncta populations may be necessary to cause any significant reduction in switchgrass biomass. Collectively, results suggest M. unipuncta may not present a significant risk to biomass production in switchgrass, but that the spring emergence of switchgrass provides an alternate host for M. unipuncta before colonizing annual food and feed crops. C1 [Prasifka, J. R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bradshaw, J. D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Lee, S. T.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Gray, M. E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM jarrad.prasifka@ars.usda.gov FU Energy Biosciences Institute (University of California at Berkeley); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; BP p.l.c. FX We appreciate the assistance of Craig Keathley (University of Kentucky) who provided expertise on M. unipuncta rearing. Research funding was provided by the Energy Biosciences Institute (University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and BP p.l.c.). NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1561 EP 1567 DI 10.1603/EC10304 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100015 PM 22066185 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC Dierig, DA AF Naranjo, Steven E. Ellsworth, Peter C. Dierig, David A. TI Impact of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Damage, Yield and Quality of Lesquerella (Physaria fendleri), a Potential New Oil-Seed Crop SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; Lygus elisus; Lygus lineolaris; Physaria fendleri; crop damage ID PLANT BUGS; HETEROPTERA; CANOLA; COTTON; MANITOBA; ALFALFA; INJURY; STAGE; ACID AB Lesquerella, Physaria fendleri (A. Gray) S. Watson, is a mustard native to the western United States and is currently being developed as a commercial source of valuable hydroxy fatty acids that can be used in a number of industrial applications, including biolubricants, biofuel additives, motor oils, resins, waxes, nylons, plastics, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetics, and coatings. The plant is cultivated as a winter-spring annual and in the desert southwest it harbors large populations of arthropods, several of which could be significant pests once production expands. Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) are common in lesquerella and are known pests of a number of agronomic and horticultural crops where they feed primarily on reproductive tissues. A 4-yr replicated plot study was undertaken to evaluate the probable impact of Lygus spp. on production of this potential new crop. Plant damage and subsequent seed yield and quality were examined relative to variable and representative densities of Lygus spp. (0.3-4.9 insects per sweep net) resulting from variable frequency and timing of insecticide applications. Increasing damage to various fruiting structures (flowers [0.9-13.9%], buds [1.2-7.1%], and seed pods [19.4-42.5%]) was significantly associated with increasing pest abundance, particularly the abundance of nymphs, in all years. This damage, however, did not consistently translate into reductions in seed yield (481-1,336 kg/ha), individual seed weight (0.5-0.7 g per 1,000 seed), or seed oil content (21.8-30.4%), and pest abundance generally explained relatively little of the variation in crop yield and quality. Negative effects on yield were not sensitive to the timing of pest damage (early versus late season) but were more pronounced during years when potential yields were lower due to weed competition and other agronomic factors. Results suggest that if the crop is established and managed in a more optimal fashion, Lygus spp. may not significantly limit yield. Nonetheless, additional work will be needed once more uniform cultivars become available and yield effects can be more precisely measured. Densities of Lygus spp. in unsprayed lesquerella are on par with those in other known agroecosystem level sources of this pest (e. g., forage and seed alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.). Thus, lesquerella production may introduce new challenges to pest management in crops such as cotton. C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.; Dierig, David A.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ellsworth, Peter C.] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Dept Entomol, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Dierig, David A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resource Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM steve.naranjo@ars.usda.gov OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 FU USDA-CSREES; RAMP; Developing and Implementing Field and Landscape Level Reduced-Risk Management Strategies for Lygus in Western Cropping Systems [0207436] FX We thank Virginia Barkley, Kim Beimfohr, Rebecca Burke, Gail Dahlquist, Emilie Latxague, Letticia Rodarte, Anna Sonoqui, Melissa Stefanek, and Julianne Trejo for expert technical assistance. We thank Terry Coffelt, Guangyao (Sam) Wang, and James Barbour for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was partially supported by USDA-CSREES, RAMP, Developing and Implementing Field and Landscape Level Reduced-Risk Management Strategies for Lygus in Western Cropping Systems (Project 0207436). NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1575 EP 1583 DI 10.1603/EC11089 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100017 PM 22066187 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Frank, DL Kurtz, R Boudreau, E Ellersieck, MR Odhiambo, JF AF Hibbard, Bruce E. Frank, Daniel L. Kurtz, Ryan Boudreau, Eric Ellersieck, Mark R. Odhiambo, J. Frederick TI Mortality Impact of Bt Transgenic Maize Roots Expressing eCry3.1Ab, mCry3A, and eCry3.1Ab Plus mCry3A on Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in the Field SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mCry3A; eCry3.1Ab; resistance management; Bt; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ID VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; PROTEINS; SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB Mortality of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larvae due to feeding on maize, Zea mays L., expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) was evaluated in five Missouri sites in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Specifically, eCry3.1Ab (5307), mCry3A (MIR604), and eCry3.1Ab plus mCry3A proteins relative to survivorship on maize with the same genetic background without these genes (isoline maize) was evaluated. An average of 890.8 +/- 152.3 beetles emerged from isoline plots, whereas average beetle emergence from 5307, MIR604, and 5307 X MIR604 was 1.9 +/- 0.6, 19.3 +/- 6.3, and 0.8 +/- 0.3, respectively, when averaged across 22 replications in five environments. Overall, 66, 50, 61, and 51% of beetles recovered from 5307, MIR604, 5307 X MIR604, and isoline maize, respectively, were female, and there was no significant difference between the number of male and female beetles that emerged from any of these treatments. Mortality due to 5307, MIR604, and 5307 X MIR604 was 99.79, 97.83, and 99.91%, respectively. There was an 8.0-d delay in time to 50% beetle emergence from 5307 compared with isoline maize, which was significantly later than to the other three maize lines. The average delay to 50% emergence from MIR604 and 5307 X MIR604 averaged 4.1 and 4.6 d, respectively later than 50% emergence from isoline maize. Female beetles had a significant delay in time to 50% emergence compared with male beetles from all treatments with the exception of 5307 X MIR604. Data are discussed in terms of insect resistance management in relation to other control measures for western corn rootworm. C1 [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Frank, Daniel L.; Kurtz, Ryan; Boudreau, Eric] Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Statistician, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Odhiambo, J. Frederick] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov OI odhiambo, john/0000-0002-1005-3486 FU Syngenta Biotechnology Inc. [58-3K95-9-1355] FX We thank Rebecca Bukowsky, Julie Barry, Matt Higdon, and Tim Praiswater (USDA-ARS) and many temporary summer laborers for assistance in setting up the trials, and for counting and sexing beetles. Funding for this work was provided by Syngenta Biotechnology Inc. through agreement 58-3K95-9-1355 to USDA-ARS. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 28 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1584 EP 1591 DI 10.1603/EC11186 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100018 PM 22066188 ER PT J AU McCullough, DG Poland, TM Anulewicz, AC Lewis, P Cappaert, D AF McCullough, Deborah G. Poland, Therese M. Anulewicz, Andrea C. Lewis, Phillip Cappaert, David TI Evaluation of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Control Provided by Emamectin Benzoate and Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides, One and Two Seasons After Treatment SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; dinotefuran; imidacloprid; ash tree protection; invasive pest ID EMERALD ASH BORER; PINE WILT DISEASE; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; OUTLIER SITES; NORTH-AMERICA; TREES; POPULATIONS; EFFICACY; CERAMBYCIDAE AB Effective methods are needed to protect ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) from emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive buprestid that has killed millions of North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. We randomly assigned 175 ash trees (11.5-48.1 cm in diameter) in 25 blocks located in three study sites in Michigan to one of seven insecticide treatments in May 2007. Treatments included 1) trunk-injected emamectin benzoate; 2) trunk-injected imidacloprid; 3) basal trunk spray of dinotefuran with or 4) without Pentra-Bark, an agricultural surfactant; 5) basal trunk spray of imidacloprid with or 6) without Pentra-Bark; or (7) control. Foliar insecticide residues (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and toxicity of leaves to adult A. planipennis (4-d bioassays) were quantified at 3-4-wk intervals posttreatment. Seven blocks of trees were felled and sampled in fall 2007 to quantify A. planipennis larval density. Half of the remaining blocks were retreated in spring 2008. Bioassays and residue analyses were repeated in summer 2008, and then all trees were sampled to assess larval density in winter. Foliage from emamectin benzoate-treated trees was highly toxic to adult A. planipennis, and larval density was <1% of that in comparable control trees, even two seasons posttreatment. Larval densities in trees treated with trunk-injected imidacloprid in 2007 + 2008 were similar to control trees. Dinotefuran and imidacloprid were effectively translocated within trees treated with the noninvasive basal trunk sprays; the surfactant did not appreciably enhance A. planipennis control. In 2008, larval densities were 57-68% lower in trees treated with dinotefuran or imidacloprid trunk sprays in 2007 + 2008 than on controls, but densities in trees treated only in 2007 were similar to controls. Highly effective control provided by emamectin benzoate for >= 2 yr may reduce costs or logistical issues associated with treatment. C1 [McCullough, Deborah G.; Anulewicz, Andrea C.; Cappaert, David] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Lewis, Phillip] USDA APHIS PPQ Otis Pest Survey, Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. RP McCullough, DG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Circle Dr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mccullo6@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service; Northeastern Area, State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection FX We thank Yan Xie (Center for Statistical Training and Consulting, MSU) for direction and assistance with statistical analyses. We are grateful to the many technicians and students who assisted with aspects of this project from 2007 to 2009, including Jake Baker, Joann Bloese, Jacob Bournay, Tara Dell, Nicholas Gooch, Chenin Limback, Ben Schmidt, Sarah Smith, Andrew Tluczek, and James Wieferich, (all at MSU); Tina Ciaramitaro, Devin Foote, Stephen Burr (all at U. S. Forest Service); and John Molongoski, Hanna Wingard, and Erin O'Brien (all at USDA-APHIS). Joe Aiken and Joe Doccola (both at Arborjet), David Cox (Syngenta), Jason Fausey (Valent USA), Jim Rollins (JJ Mauget Co.), and Bill Stringfellow (Agri-Chem) provided insecticide products and application advice. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Michigan Department of Transportation, and Genesee County Parks provided access to study sites. This work was funded by a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection (to D.G.M. and T.M.P.). NR 40 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 27 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1599 EP 1612 DI 10.1603/EC11101 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100020 PM 22066190 ER PT J AU Pinero, JC Agnello, AM Tuttle, A Leskey, TC Faubert, H Koehler, G Los, L Morin, G Leahy, K Cooley, DR Prokopy, RJ AF Pinero, Jaime C. Agnello, Arthur M. Tuttle, Arthur Leskey, Tracy C. Faubert, Heather Koehler, Glen Los, Lorraine Morin, Glenn Leahy, Kathleen Cooley, Daniel R. Prokopy, Ronald J. TI Effectiveness of Odor-Baited Trap Trees for Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Monitoring in Commercial Apple Orchards in the Northeast SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monitoring; integrated pest management; reduced-risk; aggregation; semiochemicals ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; PEST-MANAGEMENT; MASSACHUSETTS; SPRAYS AB The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), is a key pest of pome and stone fruit in eastern and central North America. For effective management of this insect pest in commercial apple (Malus spp.) orchards in the northeastern United States and Canada, one of the greatest challenges has been to determine the need for and timing of insecticide applications that will protect apple fruit from injury by adults. In a 2004-2005 study, we assessed the efficacy and economic viability of a reduced-risk integrated pest management strategy involving an odor-baited trap tree approach to determine need for and timing of insecticide use against plum curculio based on appearance of fresh egg-laying scars. Evaluations took place in commercial apple orchards in seven northeastern U. S. states. More specifically, we compared the trap-tree approach with three calendar-driven whole-block sprays and with heat-unit accumulation models that predict how long insecticide should be applied to orchard trees to prevent injury by plum curculio late in the season. Trap tree plots received a whole-plot insecticide spray by the time of petal fall, and succeeding sprays (if needed) were applied to peripheral-row trees only, depending on a threshold of one fresh plum curculio egg-laying scar out of 25 fruit sampled from a single trap tree. In both years, level of plum curculio injury to fruit sampled from perimeter-row, the most interior-row trees and whole-plot injury in trap tree plots did not differ significantly from that recorded in plots subject to conventional management or in plots managed using the heat-unit accumulation approach. The amount of insecticide used in trap tree plots was reduced at least by 43% compared with plots managed with the conventional approach. Advantages and potential pitfalls of the bio-based trap tree approach to plum curculio monitoring in apple orchards are discussed. C1 [Pinero, Jaime C.] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. [Agnello, Arthur M.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Tuttle, Arthur; Cooley, Daniel R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Faubert, Heather] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Coll,Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Koehler, Glen] Univ Maine Cooperat Extens, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Los, Lorraine] Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Morin, Glenn] New England Fruit Consultants, Montague, MA 01351 USA. [Leahy, Kathleen] Polaris Orchard Management, Colrain, MA 01340 USA. RP Pinero, JC (reprint author), Lincoln Univ Missouri, Allen Hall 212,900 Chestnut St, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. EM pineroj@lincolnu.edu FU USDA; Hatch Grant; New England Tree Fruit Research Committee FX This work was conducted as part of a multistate project funded to the late R.J.P. with the main objective of validating and demonstrating the efficacy and the economic viability of bio-based methods for managing plum curculio in apple orchards throughout New England and New York and funds for this work were provided by a USDA Northeast Regional IPM grant, a USDA Northeast Regional SARE Grant, a Hatch Grant, and the New England Tree Fruit Research Committee. We thank Paul Appleton, Everardo Bigurra, Marina Blanco, Isabel Jacome, and Suzanne O'Connell for excellent technical assistance for work conducted in Massachusetts. We express our gratitude to the following apple growers and University orchards for kindly letting us use their orchard blocks for this study and for conscientiously making the effort to respond rapidly to our advice for timing an insecticide treatment using different approaches: Doug Young (in Connecticut); Bill Broderick, Bruce Carlson, Dave Chandler, Aaron Clark, Tony Lincoln, Gerry Beirne, Andy Martin, Maurice Tougas, and Steve Ware (in Massachusetts); Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station; Homer Dunn (in New Hampshire); Jim Peters and Robert Perkins (in New York); Paul Lamore and University of Rhode Island East Farm Orchard; and Ezekiel Goodband and Glen Schreiter (in Vermont). We are truly grateful to the above-mentioned people and Institutions for continued support after the sudden death of R.J.P. on 14 May 2004. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for useful comments made to earlier versions of this paper. This article is contribution 2010-012, Lincoln University of Missouri Cooperative Research. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1613 EP 1621 DI 10.1603/EC10310 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100021 PM 22066191 ER PT J AU Ranger, CM Reding, ME Oliver, JB Schultz, PB Moyseenko, JJ Youssef, N AF Ranger, Christopher M. Reding, Michael E. Oliver, Jason B. Schultz, Peter B. Moyseenko, James J. Youssef, Nadeer TI Comparative Efficacy of Plant-Derived Essential Oils for Managing Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Their Corresponding Mass Spectral Characterization SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE botanical insecticides; ambrosia beetles; Xylosandrus germanus; essential oils; allyl isothiocyanate ID ETHANOL-BAITED TRAPS; XYLOSANDRUS-GERMANUS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; VOLATILES; TOXICITY; ATTACK; SPECTROMETRY; ATTRACTION; CASSIA; TREES AB Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) pose a significant challenge to producers of ornamental nursery stock. Conventional insecticides are commonly used for management purposes, but plant-derived essential oils also may discourage ambrosia beetles from initiating attacks. To identify promising commercially available products, field-based efficacy trials were conducted in Ohio in 2009 and 2010 with the following products: Armorex (Soil Technologies), Cinnacure (Proguard, Inc.), EcoTrol (EcoSMART Technologies, Inc.), and Veggie Pharm (Pharm Solutions, Inc.). Potted Magnolia virginiana L. were first injected with 75 ml of 5% ethanol to ensure ambrosia beetle pressure on experimental trees. Mixtures of each product (10% in water) and a water control were applied until runoff and attacks occurring under field conditions were quantified at 1, 4, 7, and 14 d after treatment (DAT). Ambrosia beetle attacks generally increased over time but at differing rates depending on the particular treatment. In 2009, Armorex and Veggie Pharm were associated with the lowest cumulative attacks 14 DAT. In 2010, Armorex and Cinnacure were associated with the fewest attacks 14 DAT. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize the volatile compounds associated with each product. Allyl isothiocyanate, a compound with known repellent and insecticidal properties, was unique and predominant in Armorex. These experiments identified commercially available botanicals containing plant essential oils with activity against ambrosia beetles, along with demonstrating the usefulness of ethanol-injection to ensure ambrosia beetle pressure under field conditions. Characterizing the constituents of efficacious botanically based products could also lead to the development of improved botanical insecticides. C1 [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.; Moyseenko, James J.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Schultz, Peter B.; Youssef, Nadeer] Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Schultz, Peter B.] Virginia Tech Univ, Hampton Rd Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. RP Ranger, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM christopher.ranger@ars.usda.gov FU USDAD-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative; ARS [3607-22000-010-00D] FX We thank Gerald Hammel, Jennifer Barnett, Leslie Morris, and Betsy Anderson for technical assistance. This research was supported by funding from the USDAD-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative and base funds associated with ARS research project 3607-22000-010-00D (National Program 304-Crop Protection and Quarantine). NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1665 EP 1674 DI 10.1603/EC11106 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100027 PM 22066197 ER PT J AU Barr, NB Ledezma, LA Farris, RE Epstein, ME Gilligan, TM AF Barr, N. B. Ledezma, L. A. Farris, R. E. Epstein, M. E. Gilligan, T. M. TI A Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay to Diagnose Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tortricidae; barcodes; internal transcribed spacer; real-time polymerase chain reaction ID BROWN APPLE MOTH; INTRAGENOMIC VARIATION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; ITS2; TEPHRITIDAE; CALIFORNIA; NEMATODES; DIPTERA AB A molecular assay for diagnosis of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in North America is reported. The assay multiplexes two TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) probe systems that are designed to target DNA segments of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) and 18S rRNA gene. The RT-PCR probe designed for the 18S target recognizes a DNA sequence conserved in all of the moths included in the study and functions as a control in the assay. The second probe recognizes a segment of the ITS2 specifically found in E. postvittana and not found in the other moths included in the study, i.e., this segment is not conserved. Inclusion of the two markers in a single multiplex reaction did not affect assay performance. The assay was tested against 637 moths representing >90 taxa in 15 tribes in all three subfamilies in the Tortricidae. The assay generated no false negatives based on analysis of 355 E. postvittana collected from California, Hawaii, England, New Zealand, and Australia. Analysis of a data set including 282 moths representing 41 genera generated no false positives. Only three inconclusive results were generated from the 637 samples. Spike experiments demonstrated that DNA contamination in the assay can affect samples differently. Contaminated samples analyzed with the ITS2 RT-PCR assay and DNA barcode methodology by using the cytochrome oxidase I gene can generate contradictory diagnoses. C1 [Barr, N. B.; Ledezma, L. A.; Farris, R. E.] USDA APHIS, Mission Lab, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Epstein, M. E.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Gilligan, T. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Mission Lab, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM mexfly@gmail.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1706 EP 1719 DI 10.1603/EC11093 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100032 PM 22066202 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Kavallieratos, NG Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, Christos G. Arthur, Frank H. Kavallieratos, Nickolas G. Throne, James E. TI Efficacy of Pyriproxyfen for Control of Stored-Product Psocids (Psocoptera) on Concrete Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyriproxyfen; insect growth regulator; Liposcelis; surface treatment; Psocoptera ID SPECIES PSOCOPTERA; LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA; STRUCTURAL TREATMENTS; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; POPULATION-GROWTH; RESIDUAL TOXICITIES; FOOD SOURCE; INSECTICIDES; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE AB The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was evaluated as a surface treatment for control of three stored-product psocid pests Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), and Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Nymphs were exposed for 35 d on a concrete surface treated with 2.3 mg of active ingredient/m(2) pyriproxyfen. Exposure to pyriproxyfen significantly reduced the numbers of both adults and nymphs in comparison with untreated controls. In adults, the greatest reduction (>90%) was for L. decolor and L. bostrychophila, whereas for L. paeta it was 49%. Few adults of any species were found in the pyriproxyfen treatments. The greatest numbers of nymphs were recorded for L. bostrychophila for both pyriproxyfen treatments and controls. Few adults of any species were found in the pyriproxyfen treatments. The results indicate that pyriproxyfen is effective for control of L. bostrychophila, L. decolor, and L. paeta on concrete, and although complete control was not achieved, the results warrant further long-term study to determine whether pyriproxyfen can completely eliminate psocid populations over time. C1 [Athanassiou, Christos G.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Dev, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, Nea Ionia Magnissia 38446, Greece. [Athanassiou, Christos G.; Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Kavallieratos, Nickolas G.] Benaki Phytopathol Inst, Dept Entomol & Agr Zool, Lab Agr Entomol, Kifisia 14561, Attica, Greece. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Dev, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, Phytokou Str, Nea Ionia Magnissia 38446, Greece. EM athanassiou@agr.uth.gr NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1769 DI 10.1603/EC10424 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833YX UT WOS:000295923100038 PM 22066208 ER PT J AU Allen, KC Luttrell, RG AF Allen, K. Clint Luttrell, Randall G. TI Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths in Pheromone Traps across Agricultural Landscapes in Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea; pheromone trap; landscape ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BAITED TRAPS; HOST USE; CATCHES; COTTON; TEXAS; CAPTURES; PATTERNS; PLAINS AB Pheromone trap captures of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) from 2002 - 2005 were used to examine the distribution of these species across a multiple crop environment in southeast Arkansas. The greatest number of H. virescens moths was collected during 2003, but densities were low compared with H. zea throughout the study. Overall, fewer H. virescens moths were captured next to Bt corn and Bt cotton than next to nonBt cotton and early-maturing soybean. A significant relationship was not detected between pheromone trap captures of H. virescens and the percentage of these moths that fed on cotton as larvae. More H. zea moths were captured in traps located next to Bt corn and nonBt corn during the month of June than in traps located next to cotton, sorghum, or soybean, whereas traps located adjacent to early- and late-maturing varieties of soybean, Bt cotton, nonBt cotton, and grain sorghum captured greater numbers of moths than those traps located next to corn during July. Therefore, the distribution of H. zea appeared to be influenced by corn acreage during the month of June. Later in the season, this species was widely distributed across the agricultural landscape. Compared with 2 other regions of AR, fewer H. zea moths were captured during the month of June and more H. virescens moths were captured during August in Mississippi Co., an area of intense cotton production. C1 [Allen, K. Clint; Luttrell, Randall G.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Allen, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM clint.allen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Monsanto Company FX The authors thank Matteson Farms, R. A. Pickens and Son, Tillar and Company, and Wildy Farms for their assistance and allowing us to conduct research on their farms. The authors thank Graham Head, Ryan Jackson and John Riggins for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript, the USDA-ARS and Monsanto Company for partial funding of this project. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 4 BP 269 EP 283 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835KT UT WOS:000296036000001 ER PT J AU Shelton, TG Grace, JK Woodrow, RJ Oshiro, RJ AF Shelton, T. G. Grace, J. K. Woodrow, R. J. Oshiro, R. J. TI Response of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) to Stressed Nestmates SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disturbance; stress; feeding; termite; Reticulitermes; Coptotermes ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; WOOD; DISTURBANCE; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; SOLDIERS AB Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. virginicus Banks, and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were stressed by holding them at 25 degrees C or 28 degrees C, respectively, in metal pans for 5 d prior to introduction into 1 side of 3-jar arenas (3 containers connected serially) containing freshly-collected nestmates. After 14 d, mass loss of wooden blocks was determined for blocks from the arena side to which stressed termites were added (treated) as well as those from the opposite side (control). Feeding effects of termite exposure to stress were inconsistent among species. For R. flavipes, there was no significant difference in feeding; whereas loss of block mass on the treated side in R. virginicus arenas was significantly greater (P = 0.0017) than that on the control side of the arenas. For C. formosanus, mass loss of wafers also was significantly greater (P = 0.0284) on the treated side of the arenas, similar to the response of R. virginicus. C1 [Shelton, T. G.; Grace, J. K.; Woodrow, R. J.; Oshiro, R. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM tshelton@fs.fed.us FU USDA-ARS [58-6435-8-294, 58-6435-0-496]; McIntire-Stennis; College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources FX The authors thank Craig D. Bell for expert technical assistance during these studies. Research at the University of Hawaii was partially supported by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreements 58-6435-8-294 and 58-6435-0-496, and McIntire-Stennis funds managed by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 4 BP 284 EP 291 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835KT UT WOS:000296036000002 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI Ground-Surface Arthropods of an Old-Field Habitat in the Delta of Mississippi, with Emphasis on the Cicindelidae (Coleoptera) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE old-field; arthropod; predation; Cicindelidae ID LASIOERYTHRAEUS-JOHNSTONI ACARI; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; PHIDIPPUS-AUDAX ARANEAE; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; INSECT COMMUNITIES; PREDATOR; MIRIDAE; COTTON; SUCCESSION; MANAGEMENT AB Ground-surface arthropods were captured by barrier pitfall traps over a 15-month period in an old-field habitat adjacent to a cotton field. Members of the Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Araneae constituted 89% of the 11,496 captures. The most abundant species group was Gryllus sp. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). The most abundant predator species was Megacephala caroline L. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), present in atypically large numbers. The peak abundance of nymphal Gtyllus sp. (July-October) overlapped the peak abundance period (August) of M. carolina. Feeding experiments indicated M.carolina adults were active predators on Gryllus sp. nymphs. As a potential biocontrol agent, methods to encourage M. carolina adults to move each season from old-field habitats into adjacent crop fields should be considered. C1 [Young, Orrey P.] USDA ARS, So Field Crop Insect Management Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM ory2pam@verizon.net FU E. King FX Field and laboratory assistance of T.C. Lockley and P. Jones, and the support of E. King, is greatly appreciated. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 4 BP 292 EP 307 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835KT UT WOS:000296036000003 ER PT J AU Liu, TX Greenberg, SM AF Liu, T. -X. Greenberg, S. M. TI Effects of Selected Defoliants in Combination with Insecticides on the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Its Parasitoids in Cotton SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE defoliants; whitefly; parasitoids; insecticide AB Cotton defoliation is an important management practice associated with high-yielding, high-quality cotton. The impacts of two commonly-used defoliants (tribufos and thidiazuron) individually and in combination with two commonly-used insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin and azinphosmethyl) on the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius biotype B (= silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) and its parasitoids were determined in field studies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. The two defoliants and their combinations with azinphosmethyl and lambda-cyhalothrin significantly affected the occurrence and survival of sweetpotato whiteflies and their parasitoids, Encarsia spp. and Eretmocerus spp., although the effects varied among the treatment combinations. Lambda-cyhalothrin alone had no significant effects on sweetpotato whitefly and its parasitoids. Combining defoliants and insecticides appears to be a potential management tool for whiteflies on cotton. C1 [Greenberg, S. M.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Key Lab Appl Entomol, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM tongxianliu@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 4 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835KT UT WOS:000296036000004 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Burnside, RE Hayes, CJ Schultz, ME AF Fettig, Christopher J. Burnside, Roger E. Hayes, Christopher J. Schultz, Mark E. TI Field Evaluations of Emamectin Benzoate for Control of Birch Leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ambermarked birch leafminer; Betula papyrifera; insecticides; paper birch; Profenusa thomsoni; tree injections C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; Burnside, Roger E.; Hayes, Christopher J.; Schultz, Mark E.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 4 BP 339 EP 341 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835KT UT WOS:000296036000008 ER PT J AU Wells, JE Shackelford, SD Berry, ED Kalchayanand, N Bosilevac, JM Wheeler, TL AF Wells, J. E. Shackelford, S. D. Berry, E. D. Kalchayanand, N. Bosilevac, J. M. Wheeler, T. L. TI Impact of Reducing the Level of Wet Distillers Grains Fed to Cattle Prior to Harvest on Prevalence and Levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feces and on Hides SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; MANURE SLURRIES; FEEDLOT CATTLE; BOVINE FECES; O157-H7; O157H7; SALMONELLA; SOLUBLES; CARCASS; CONTAMINATION AB Cattle fed finishing diets with wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) have been shown to harbor increased Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in the feces and on the hides. To determine if feeding a lower level of WDGS at the end of the feeding period reduces E. coli O157:H7 load at harvest, 608 heifers were sorted into one of five treatments and fed 0, 40, or 70% WDGS (dry matter basis). For three of the treatments, WDGS was reduced midway through the study. Treatment 0W0W heifers (positive control) were fed a corn grain based diet continuously, and 40W40W heifers (negative control) were fed 40% WDGS continuously. Heifers subjected to treatments 40W0W, 40W15W, and 70W15W were fed either 40 or 70% WDGS for the first 56 days and switched to 0 or 15% WDGS, respectively, for the last 56 days. Prior to the switch in diets, animals fed diets with 40 or 70% had higher prevalence and percent enumerable fecal samples for E. coli O157:H7. After the dietary switch, animals fed 40W0W, 40W15W, and 70W15W diets had fecal prevalence and percent enumerable samples (33.4 and 6.3%, 31.0 and 9.7%, and 34.9 and 8.4%, respectively) similar to those of animals fed 0W0W diets (10.2 and 3.2%, respectively; P > 0.05), whereas animals fed 40W40W had the highest fecal prevalence and percent enumerable samples (70.1 and 29.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). Similar relationships between the treatments were observed for hide samples. Time after dietary switch was important, as animals fed lower levels had significantly lower fecal prevalence and percent enumerable samples after 56 days, but not after 28 days. The study indicates that cattle can be switched to lower levels of dietary WDGS (15% or less) 56 days prior to harvest to significantly reduce E. coli O157:H7 in feces and on hides. C1 [Wells, J. E.; Shackelford, S. D.; Berry, E. D.; Kalchayanand, N.; Bosilevac, J. M.; Wheeler, T. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wells, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jim.wells@ars.usda.gov RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1617 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-160 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836AC UT WOS:000296077400005 PM 22004806 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, Thomas P. TI Extrapolation of a Predictive Model for Growth of a Low Inoculum Size of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on Chicken Skin to Higher Inoculum Sizes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; INITIAL DENSITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GROUND CHICKEN; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; CONTAMINATION; ENTERITIDIS AB Validation of model predictions for independent variables not included during model development can save time and money by identifying conditions for which new models are not needed. A single strain of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was used to develop a general regression neural network (GRNN) model for growth of a low inoculum size (0.9 log) on chicken skin with native microflora as a function of time (0 to 8 h) and temperature (20 to 45 degrees C). The ability of the GRNN model to predict growth of higher inoculum sizes (2, 3, or 4.1 log) was evaluated. When the proportion of residuals in an acceptable prediction zone (pAPZ) from -1 log (fail-safe) to 0.5 log (fail-dangerous) was >= 0.7, the GRNN model was classified as providing acceptable predictions of the test data. The pAPZ for dependent data was 0.93 and for independent data for interpolation was 0.88. The pAPZs for extrapolation to higher inoculum sizes of 2, 3, or 4.1 log were 0.92, 0.73, and 0.77, respectively. However, residual plots indicated local prediction problems with pAPZs of <0.7 for an inoculum size of 3 log at 30, 35, and 40 degrees C and for an inoculum size of 4.1 log at 35 and 40 degrees C where predictions were fail-dangerous, indicating faster growth at higher inoculum sizes. The model provided valid predictions of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 growth on chicken skin from inoculum sizes of 0.9 and 2 log at all temperatures investigated and from inoculum sizes of 3 and 4.1 log at some but not all temperatures investigated. Thus, the model can be improved by including inoculum size as an independent variable. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, ARS, USDA,Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, ARS, USDA,Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM thomas.oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1630 EP 1638 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-127 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836AC UT WOS:000296077400008 PM 22004809 ER PT J AU Moore, KL Patel, J Jaroni, D Friedman, M Ravishankar, S AF Moore, Katherine L. Patel, Jitendra Jaroni, Divya Friedman, Mendel Ravishankar, Sadhana TI Antimicrobial Activity of Apple, Hibiscus, Olive, and Hydrogen Peroxide Formulations against Salmonella enterica on Organic Leafy Greens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; PROTOCATECHUIC ACID; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; ROSELLE CALYX; GROUND-BEEF; EXTRACTS AB Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial pathogens implicated in foodbome outbreaks involving fresh produce in the last decade. In an effort to discover natural antimicrobials for use on fresh produce, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different antimicrobial plant extract concentrate formulations on four types of organic leafy greens inoculated with S. enterica serovar Newport. The leafy greens tested included organic romaine and iceberg lettuce, and organic adult and baby spinach. Each leaf sample was washed, dip inoculated with Salmonella Newport (10(6) CFU/ml), and dried. Apple and olive extract formulations were prepared at 1, 3, and 5% concentrations, and hibiscus concentrates were prepared at 10, 20, and 30%. Inoculated leaves were immersed in the treatment solution for 2 min and individually incubated at 4 C. After incubation, samples were taken on days 0, 1, and 3 for enumeration of survivors. Our results showed that the antimicrobial activity was both concentration and time dependent. Olive extract exhibited the greatest antimicrobial activity, resulting in 2- to 3-log CFU/g reductions for each concentration and type of leafy green by day 3. Apple extract showed 1- to 2-log CFU/g reductions by day 3 on various leafy greens. Hibiscus concentrate showed an overall reduction of 1 log CFU/g for all leafy greens. The maximum reduction by hydrogen peroxide (3%) was about 1 log CFU/g. The antimicrobial activity was also tested on the background microflora of organic leafy greens, and reductions ranged from 0 to 2.8 log. This study demonstrates the potential of natural plant extract formulations to inactivate Salmonella Newport on organic leafy greens. C1 [Moore, Katherine L.; Ravishankar, Sadhana] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Patel, Jitendra] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jaroni, Divya] Southern Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Organic Research and Extension Initiative [2010-51300-21760] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Organic Research and Extension Initiative competitive grant no. 2010-51300-21760. The authors thank the members Colin Gerber and Semona Ilgama of the Ravishankar laboratory for their technical assistance. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1676 EP 1683 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-174 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836AC UT WOS:000296077400014 PM 22004815 ER PT J AU Yang, BW Xi, ML Wang, X Cui, SH Yue, TL Hao, HS Wang, Y Cui, Y Alali, WQ Meng, JH Walls, I Wong, DML Doyle, MP AF Yang, Baowei Xi, Meili Wang, Xin Cui, Shenghui Yue, Tianli Hao, Hongshan Wang, Yin Cui, Yue Alali, W. Q. Meng, Jianghong Walls, Isabel Wong, D. M. Lo Fo Doyle, M. P. TI Prevalence of Salmonella on Raw Poultry at Retail Markets in China SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN CARCASSES; PRODUCTS; CAMPYLOBACTER; MEAT; CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAKS; SURVIVAL; ETHIOPIA; SEROVARS; DENMARK AB Data regarding Salmonella on raw poultry are very limited in China. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella on raw poultry at the retail level in six provinces and two national cities in China. Whole chicken carcasses (n = 1,152) were collected from three types of retail markets (large, small, and wet). All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella by using the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service method. Of 1,152 chicken samples, overall Salmonella prevalence was 52.2%. The highest prevalence was observed in Guangxi Province (65.3%), next in Guangdong Province (64.6%), and then in Beijing (63.9%), Shaanxi Province (50.7%), Henan Province (47.9%), Shanghai (44.4%), and Fujian Province (42.4%), and lowest prevalence was observed in Sichuan Province (38.9%). Salmonella prevalence was significantly different among the six provinces and two national cities. Salmonella prevalence was highest in the wet markets (54.4%) compared with the large markets (50.3%) and the small markets (52.1%), but differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Good manufacturing practices, good agricultural practices, and hazard analysis critical control point systems for Salmonella control in poultry production at the farm, processing, and retail level should be implemented. C1 [Alali, W. Q.; Doyle, M. P.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Yang, Baowei; Xi, Meili; Wang, Xin; Yue, Tianli; Hao, Hongshan; Wang, Yin; Cui, Yue; Meng, Jianghong] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Cui, Shenghui] State Food & Drug Adm, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Meng, Jianghong] Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meng, Jianghong] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walls, Isabel] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wong, D. M. Lo Fo] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Alali, WQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM walali@uga.edu OI Walls, Isabel/0000-0002-9643-8845 FU University of Georgia; NWAFU; WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network FX The research work was supported by the project "Data Collection for Salmonella in Raw Poultry in China" of the University of Georgia and NWAFU, in collaboration with the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network. We thank Dr. Shuangkui Du at NWAFU for data analysis. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 23 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1724 EP 1728 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-215 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836AC UT WOS:000296077400020 PM 22004821 ER PT J AU Gunther, NW He, YP Fratamico, P AF Gunther, Nereus W. He, Yiping Fratamico, Pina TI Effects of Polyphosphate Additives on the pH of Processed Chicken Exudates and the Survival of Campylobacter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BREAST MEAT; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ACID ADAPTATION; POULTRY MEAT; JEJUNI; COLI; IDENTIFICATION; QUALITY; TIME AB Cumpylobacter spp. are nutritionally fastidious organisms that are sensitive to normal atmospheric oxygen levels and lack homologues of common cold shock genes. At first glance, these bacteria seem ill equipped to persist within food products under processing and storage conditions; however, they survive in numbers sufficient to cause the largest number of foodborne bacterial disease annually. A mechanism proposed to play a role in Cumpylobacter survival is the addition of polyphosphate-containing marinades during poultry processing. Campylobacter jejuni and Cumpylobacter coli strains incubated in chicken exudates collected from poultry treated with a marinade demonstrated considerable survival advantages (1 to 4 log CFU/ml) over the same strains incubated in chicken exudate from untreated birds. Polyphosphates, which constitute a large portion of the commercial poultry marinades, were shown to account for a majority of the observed influence of the marinades on Campylobacter survival. When six different food grade polyphosphates (disodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, monosodium phosphate, and trisodium phosphate) were utilized to compare the survival of Campylobacter strains in chicken exudate, significant differences were observed with regard to Campylobacter survival between the different polyphosphates. It was then determined that the addition of polyphosphates to chicken exudate increased the pH of the exudate, with the more sodiated polyphosphates increasing the pH to a greater degree than the less sodiated polyphosphates. It was confirmed that the change in pH mediated by polyphosphates is responsible for the observed increases in Campylobacter survival. C1 [Gunther, Nereus W.; He, Yiping; Fratamico, Pina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gunther, NW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jack.gunther@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1735 EP 1740 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-510 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836AC UT WOS:000296077400022 PM 22004823 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Hwang, AD Phillips, J AF Huang, Lihan Hwang, Andy Phillips, John TI Effect of Temperature on Microbial Growth Rate-Mathematical Analysis: The Arrhenius and Eyring-Polanyi Connections SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arrhenius equation; Eyring-Polanyi transition theory; growth rate; mathematical analysis; temperature effect ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PREDICTIVE MODEL; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; TIME; APPLICABILITY; INTEGRATORS; VALIDATION; SPOILAGE; PRODUCTS; MEDIA AB The objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the effect of temperature on the rate of microbial growth. The new mathematical model is derived by combination and modification of the Arrhenius equation and the Eyring-Polanyi transition theory. The new model, suitable for both suboptimal and the entire growth temperature ranges, was validated using a collection of 23 selected temperature-growth rate curves belonging to 5 groups of microorganisms, including Pseudomonas spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coli, from the published literature. The curve fitting is accomplished by nonlinear regression using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The resulting estimated growth rate (mu) values are highly correlated to the data collected from the literature (R(2) = 0.985, slope = 1.0, intercept = 0.0). The bias factor (B(f)) of the new model is very close to 1.0, while the accuracy factor (A(f))anges from 1.0 to 1.22 for most data sets. The new model is compared favorably with the Ratkowsky square root model and the Eyring equation. Even with more parameters, the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and mean square errors of the new model are not statistically different from the square root model and the Eyring equation, suggesting that the model can be used to describe the inherent relationship between temperature and microbial growth rates. The results of this work show that the new growth rate model is suitable for describing the effect of temperature on microbial growth rate. C1 [Huang, Lihan; Hwang, Andy] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Phillips, John] ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Residue Chem & Predict Microbiol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 76 IS 8 BP E553 EP E560 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02377.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 837VM UT WOS:000296234300020 PM 22417589 ER PT J AU Singh, M Byars, JA AF Singh, Mukti Byars, Jeffrey A. TI Jet-Cooked High Amylose Corn Starch and Shortening Composites for Use in Cake Icings SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amylose-oleic acid complex; cake-icing; low-fat; rheology; starch-oil composite ID LIPID COMPOSITES; WATER ACTIVITY AB Butter cream is an all-purpose icing that is used to both ice and decorate cakes. Cream icings contain up to 40% shortening. As consumers become aware of the need to reduce fat in their diet, the demand for healthy, flavorful, and low-fat food increases. High-amylose corn starch was cooked in an excess-steam jet cooker in the presence of oleic acid. Amylose formed helical inclusion complexes with the fatty acid. Shortening was added at different levels to jet-cooked starch. The resulting starch-lipid composites (SLC) had 0%, 8%, 16%, and 24% fat. The composites were used to substitute shortening in the preparation of cake icings with 1% to 13% fat. SLC icings were formulated by either keeping the total solids constant, or the starch and sugar to water ratio constant as the fat level was reduced. The effect of fat and formulation of shortening and SLC icings on the physical and rheological characteristics were studied. It was found that low-fat SLC icings can be prepared by optimizing the formulation. C1 [Singh, Mukti; Byars, Jeffrey A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mukti.singh@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 76 IS 8 BP E530 EP E535 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02364.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 837VM UT WOS:000296234300017 PM 22417587 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Rasooly, R Do, PM Henika, PR AF Friedman, Mendel Rasooly, Reuven Do, Paula M. Henika, Philip R. TI The Olive Compound 4-Hydroxytyrosol Inactivates Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 4-hydroxytyrosol; inhibition; olive extract; staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA); Staphylococcus aureus ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; ESSENTIAL OIL; RAW-MILK; HYDROXYTYROSOL; EXTRACT; TOXIN; CELLS; FOOD; ANTIOXIDANT; EXPRESSION AB The foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produces the virulent staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a single chain protein which consists of 233 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 27078 Da. SEA is a superantigen that is reported to contribute to animal (mastitis) and human (emesis, diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and toxic shock) syndromes. Changes in the native structural integrity may inactivate the toxin by preventing molecular interaction with cell membrane receptor sites of their host cells. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the pure olive compound 4-hydroxytyrosol and a commercial olive powder called Hidrox-12, prepared by freeze-drying olive juice, to inhibit S. aureus bacteria and SEA's biological activity. Dilutions of both test substances inactivated the pathogens. Two independent cell assays (BrdU incorporation into newly synthesized DNA and glycyl-phenylalanyl-aminofluorocoumarin proteolysis) demonstrated that the olive compound 4-hydroxytyrosol also inactivated the biological activity of SEA at concentrations that were not toxic to the spleen cells. However, efforts to determine inhibition of the toxin by Hidrox-12 were not successful because the olive powder was cytotoxic to the spleen cells at concentrations found to be effective against the bacteria. The results suggest that food-compatible and safe antitoxin olive compounds can be used to inactivate both pathogens and toxins produced by the pathogens. C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Henika, Philip R.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rasooly, Reuven; Do, Paula M.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 76 IS 8 BP M558 EP M563 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02365.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 837VM UT WOS:000296234300025 PM 22417596 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Hwang, CA Phillips, J AF Huang, Lihan Hwang, Cheng-An Phillips, John TI Evaluating the Effect of Temperature on Microbial Growth Rate-The Ratkowsky and a Belehradek-Type Models SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE predictive microbiology; Ratkowsky model; secondary models; square-root model ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PREDICTIVE MODELS; PSEUDOMONAS SPP.; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; ICEBERG LETTUCE; VALIDATION; POULTRY; MEDIA; BEEF AB The objective of this paper to conduct a parallel comparison of a new Belehradek-type growth rate (with an exponent of 1.5, or the Huang model), Ratkowsky square-root, and Ratkowsky square equations as secondary models for evaluating the effect of temperature on the growth of microorganisms. Growth rates of psychrotrophs and mesophiles were selected from the literature, and independently analyzed with the 3 models using nonlinear regression. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means of growth rate (mu), estimated minimum temperature (T-min), approximate standard errors (SE) of T-min, model mean square errors (MSE), accuracy factor (A(f)), bias factor (B-f), relative residual errors (delta), Akaike information criterion (AICc), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Based on the estimated T-min values, the Huang model distinctively classified the bacteria into 2 groups (psychrotrophs and mesophiles). No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed among the means of the mu values reported in the literature or estimated by the 3 models, suggesting that all 3 models were suitable for curve fitting. Nor was there any significant difference in MSE, SE, delta, A(f), B-f, AICc, and BIC. The T-min values estimated by the Huang model were significantly higher than those estimated by the Ratkowsky models, but were in closer agreement with the biological minimum temperatures for both psychrotrophs and mesophiles. The T-min values estimated by the Ratkowsky models systematically underestimated the minimum growth temperatures. In addition, statistical estimation showed that the mean exponent for the new Belehradek-type growth rate model may indeed be 1.5, further supporting the validity of the Huang model. C1 [Huang, Lihan; Hwang, Cheng-An; Phillips, John] ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 76 IS 8 BP M547 EP M557 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02345.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 837VM UT WOS:000296234300024 PM 22417595 ER PT J AU Maree, FF Blignaut, B Esterhuysen, JJ de Beer, TAP Theron, J O'Neill, HG Rieder, E AF Maree, F. F. Blignaut, B. Esterhuysen, J. J. de Beer, T. A. P. Theron, J. O'Neill, H. G. Rieder, E. TI Predicting antigenic sites on the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid of the South African Territories types using virus neutralization data SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BUFFALO SYNCERUS-CAFFER; RETROSPECTIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS; ANTIBODY-RESISTANT MUTANTS; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NATURAL TRANSMISSION; EAST-AFRICA; WEST-AFRICA AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) outer capsid proteins 1B, 1C and 1D contribute to the virus serotype distribution and antigenic variants that exist within each of the seven serotypes. This study presents phylogenetic, genetic and antigenic analyses of South African Territories (SAT) serotypes prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we show that the high levels of genetic diversity in the P1-coding region within the SAT serotypes are reflected in the antigenic properties of these viruses and therefore have implications for the selection of vaccine strains that would provide the best vaccine match against emerging viruses. Interestingly, although SAT1 and SAT2 viruses displayed similar genetic variation within each serotype (32 % variable amino acids), antigenic disparity, as measured by r(1)-values, was less pronounced for SAT1 viruses compared with SAT2 viruses within our dataset, emphasizing the high antigenic variation within the SAT2 serotype. Furthermore, we combined amino acid variation and the r1-values with crystallographic structural data and were able to predict areas on the surface of the FMD virion as antigenically relevant. These sites were mostly consistent with antigenic sites previously determined for types A, O and C using mAbs and escape mutant studies. Our methodology offers a quick alternative to determine antigenic relevant sites for FMDV field strains. C1 [Maree, F. F.; Blignaut, B.; Esterhuysen, J. J.] Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Transboundary Anim Dis Programme, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Maree, F. F.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Vet Trop Dis, Fac Vet Sci, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Blignaut, B.; Theron, J.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [de Beer, T. A. P.] Univ Pretoria, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Unit, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [O'Neill, H. G.] North West Univ, Div Biochem, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Rieder, E.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Maree, FF (reprint author), Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Transboundary Anim Dis Programme, Private Bag X05, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. EM mareef@arc.agric.za RI Theron, Jacques/E-4755-2010; O'Neill, Hester/G-1607-2014; OI O'Neill, Hester/0000-0002-5044-6081; de Beer, Tjaart/0000-0001-5966-6091 FU SA-UK collaboration initiative via the Department of Science and Technology FX Sequencing and VNTs were funded by the SA-UK collaboration initiative via the Department of Science and Technology. Research findings documented in this manuscript are in part the result of a cooperative research and development agreement between the Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute of South Africa and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, entitled, 'Genetic engineering of antigenically stable strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus for vaccine production', agreement number 58-3K95-M-894. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the personnel at the ARC-OVI (TADP) for their contributions to virus isolation, sequencing and animal work. We would also like to thank Otto Koekemoer and Katherine Scott for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 92 BP 2297 EP 2309 DI 10.1099/vir.0.032839-0 PN 10 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 833BE UT WOS:000295856000008 PM 21697350 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Reichle, RH Bindlish, R Cosh, MH Crow, WT de Jeu, R De Lannoy, GJM Huffman, GJ Jackson, TJ AF Liu, Qing Reichle, Rolf H. Bindlish, Rajat Cosh, Michael H. Crow, Wade T. de Jeu, Richard De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M. Huffman, George J. Jackson, Thomas J. TI The Contributions of Precipitation and Soil Moisture Observations to the Skill of Soil Moisture Estimates in a Land Data Assimilation System SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; SURFACE MODELS; TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; ERS SCATTEROMETER; AMSR-E; SIMULATIONS AB The contributions of precipitation and soil moisture observations to soil moisture skill in a land data assimilation system are assessed. Relative to baseline estimates from the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), the study investigates soil moisture skill derived from (i) model forcing corrections based on large-scale, gauge- and satellite-based precipitation observations and (ii) assimilation of surface soil moisture retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Soil moisture skill (defined as the anomaly time series correlation coefficient R) is assessed using in situ observations in the continental United States at 37 single-profile sites within the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) for which skillful AMSR-E retrievals are available and at 4 USDA Agricultural Research Service ("Cal Val") watersheds with high-quality distributed sensor networks that measure soil moisture at the scale of land model and satellite estimates. The average skill of AMSR-E retrievals is R = 0.42 versus SCAN and R = 0.55 versus CalVal measurements. The skill of MERRA surface and root-zone soil moisture is R = 0.43 and R = 0.47, respectively, versus SCAN measurements. MERRA surface moisture skill is R = 0.56 versus CalVal measurements. Adding information from precipitation observations increases (surface and root zone) soil moisture skills by Delta R similar to 0.06. Assimilating AMSR-E retrievals increases soil moisture skills by Delta R similar to 0.08. Adding information from both sources increases soil moisture skills by Delta R similar to 0.13, which demonstrates that precipitation corrections and assimilation of satellite soil moisture retrievals contribute important and largely independent amounts of information. C1 [Liu, Qing; Reichle, Rolf H.; De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Qing] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Bindlish, Rajat; Cosh, Michael H.; Crow, Wade T.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Bindlish, Rajat; Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [de Jeu, Richard] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & GeoEnvironm Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [De Lannoy, Gabrielle J. M.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM qing.liu@nasa.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA; Terra; Aqua; ACRIMSAT; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Belgium; USDA/ARS; NASA GSFC; NOAA/CPC; Deutscher Wetterdienst; NSIDC; VU Amsterdam FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Earth System Science Research using Data and Products from the Terra, Aqua, and ACRIMSAT Satellites program and the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive mission project. Gabrielle De Lannoy is a postdoctoral research fellow supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Belgium. Computing was supported by the NASA High End Computing Program. We are grateful for access to the many datasets that supported this work and highly appreciate the personnel at USDA/ARS, NASA GSFC, NOAA/CPC, Deutscher Wetterdienst, NSIDC, and VU Amsterdam who made them possible. Helpful comments were provided by Pingping Xie and three anonymous reviewers. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 BP 750 EP 765 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-10-05000.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835ID UT WOS:000296029000003 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, MT DelSole, T Houser, PR AF Yilmaz, M. Tugrul DelSole, Timothy Houser, Paul R. TI Improving Land Data Assimilation Performance with a Water Budget Constraint SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SURFACE MODEL; PREDICTION; SCHEME; STATE AB A weak constraint is introduced in ensemble Kalman filters to reduce the water budget imbalance that occurs in land data assimilation. Two versions of the weakly constrained filter, called the weakly constrained ensemble Kalman filter (WCEnKF) and the weakly constrained ensemble transform Kalman filter (WCETKF), are proposed. The strength of the weak constraint is adaptive in the sense that it depends on the statistical characteristics of the forecast ensemble. The resulting filters are applied to assimilate synthetic observations generated by the Noah land surface model over the Red Arkansas River basin. The data assimilation experiments demonstrate that, for all tested scenarios, the constrained filters produce analyses with nearly the same accuracy as unconstrained filters, but with much smaller water balance residuals than unconstrained filters. C1 [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; DelSole, Timothy; Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [DelSole, Timothy] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. RP Yilmaz, MT (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W,Bldg 007,Room 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tugrul.yilmaz@ars.usda.gov RI Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441 FU NSF [0830068]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4310058]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN50G, NESSF 09-Earth09R-80] FX We thank Bart Forman for constructive comments as a reviewer, which led to numerous clarifications in the final version of the manuscript. Support is gratefully acknowledged from grants from the NSF (Grant 0830068), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA09OAR4310058), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grants NNX09AN50G and NESSF 09-Earth09R-80). NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1040 EP 1055 DI 10.1175/2011JHM1346.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835ID UT WOS:000296029000019 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Ferreira, LR Martins, J Jones, JL AF Dubey, J. P. Ferreira, L. R. Martins, J. Jones, J. L. TI SPORULATION AND SURVIVAL OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII OOCYSTS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMERCIAL CAT LITTER SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIVITY; DURATION; FECES; MICE AB Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are environmentally resistant and can survive outdoors for many months in dry and cold climates. In the present study, sporulation and survival of T. gondii oocysts was studied in different types of cat litters commercially available in the United States. Oocysts sporulated within 2-3 days in all types of cat litters and occasionally remained viable for 14 days. Results indicate that cat litter should be changed daily to prevent sporulation and infectivity to people. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Ferreira, L. R.; Martins, J.; Jones, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 97 IS 5 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1645/GE-2774.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 834HP UT WOS:000295950700001 PM 21539466 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Passos, LMF Rajendran, C Ferreira, LR Gennari, SM Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Passos, L. M. F. Rajendran, C. Ferreira, L. R. Gennari, S. M. Su, C. TI ISOLATION OF VIABLE TOXOPLASMA GONDII FROM FERAL GUINEA FOWL (NUMIDA MELEAGRIS) AND DOMESTIC RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) FROM BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS PCR-RFLP; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; UNEXPECTED FINDINGS; STRAINS; VIRULENCE; GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMOSOME AB Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from a feral guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and domestic rabbits (Oryctologus cuniculus) from Brazil for the first time. Serum and brains from 10 guinea fowl and 21 rabbits from Brazil were examined for T gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii were found in 2 of 10 fowl and 2 of 21 rabbits by the modified agglutination test (titer 1:25 or higher). Viable T gondii (designated TgNmBr1) was isolated from I of the 2 seropositive fowl by bioassay in mice but not from the 8 seronegative fowl by bioassay in cat. Viable T. gondii was isolated from both seropositive rabbits (designated TgRabbitBr1, TgRabbitBr2) by bioassay in mice from I and by bioassay in cat from the other. The TgRabbitBr1 strain was highly virulent for out-bred mice; mice fed 1 infective oocyst died of acute toxoplasmosis. The remaining 2 isolates were relatively avirulent for mice; lethal dose for mice was 10,000 oocysts. All 3 isolates were grown in cell culture, and tachyzoite-derived DNA were genotyped using 10 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico). The TgNmBr1 was found to be clonal Type II, a rare finding in Brazil in any host. The rabbit isolates were atypical, similar to isolates from cats from Brazil (TgRabbitBr1 was identical to TgCatBr5, and TgRabbitBr2 was identical to TgCatBr1, a common genotype in Brazil denoted type BrII). This is the first genetic characterization of T gondii isolates from the rabbits and guinea fowl in Brazil and the first host record for T gondii in the guinea fowl. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Passos, L. M. F.; Rajendran, C.; Ferreira, L. R.; Gennari, S. M.; Su, C.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 97 IS 5 BP 842 EP 845 DI 10.1645/GE-2728.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 834HP UT WOS:000295950700017 PM 21506805 ER PT J AU Chikweto, A Kumthekar, S Tiwari, K Nyack, B Deokar, MS Stratton, G Macpherson, CNL Sharma, RN Dubey, JP AF Chikweto, A. Kumthekar, S. Tiwari, K. Nyack, B. Deokar, M. S. Stratton, G. Macpherson, C. N. L. Sharma, R. N. Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Pigs, Sheep, Goats, and Cattle From Grenada and Carriacou, West Indies SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OOCYSTS; CYSTS; CATS AB Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in Grenada is considered high. Little is known of the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in Caribbean Islands. Serum samples of 750 food animals in Grenada and Carriacou were tested for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT, 1:25 or higher) were found in 23.1% of 247 pigs, 44.1% of 204 sheep, 42.8% of 180 goats, and 8.4% of 119 cattle. Seroprevalence increased with age, indicating postnatal acquisition of T. gondii. Antibody titers of 1:200 or higher were present in 65 of 90 seropositive sheep, 61 of 77 seropositive goats, and 23 of 57 seropositive pigs. However, none of the cattle had a MAT titer of 1:200, suggesting that bovines are a poor host for T. gondii. Results indicate that pigs, sheep, and goats could be important sources of T. gondii infection if their meat is consumed undercooked. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chikweto, A.; Kumthekar, S.; Tiwari, K.; Nyack, B.; Deokar, M. S.; Stratton, G.; Sharma, R. N.] St Georges Univ, Sch Vet Med, Pathobiol Acad Program, St Georges, Grenada. [Macpherson, C. N. L.] St Georges Univ, Windward Isl Res & Educ Fdn, St Georges, Grenada. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011 NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 97 IS 5 BP 950 EP 951 DI 10.1645/GE-2811.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 834HP UT WOS:000295950700035 PM 21506801 ER PT J AU Fiuza, VRS Almeida, AJ Frazao-Teixeira, E Santin, M Fayer, R Oliveira, FCR AF Fiuza, V. R. S. Almeida, A. J. Frazao-Teixeira, E. Santin, M. Fayer, R. Oliveira, F. C. R. TI Occurrence of Cryptosporidium andersoni in Brazilian Cattle SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DAIRY-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; MURIS; IDENTIFICATION; BOVINES; HERD; SPP. AB Feces were collected from 68 dairy cattle, 1 to 12 mo of age, on 12 farms in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. All samples were subjected to molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) of the 18S rRNA. Four positive samples (4.54%) were sequenced and identified as Cryptosporidium undersold. This species represents a risk for Brazilian cattle because infection can affect cattle productivity. Moreover, C. andersoni is considered a zoonotic species. C1 [Fiuza, V. R. S.; Almeida, A. J.; Frazao-Teixeira, E.; Oliveira, F. C. R.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agr, Lab Clin & Cirurgia Anim, BR-28013023 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Santin, M.; Fayer, R.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Oliveira, FCR (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Agr, Lab Clin & Cirurgia Anim, Campos Goytacazes, BR-28013023 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM foliveira@uenf.br RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011; Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/A-9542-2015 OI Frazao-Teixeira, Edwards/0000-0001-7505-4765 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX The authors would like to thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for their financial support. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 97 IS 5 BP 952 EP 953 DI 10.1645/GE-2726.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 834HP UT WOS:000295950700036 PM 21526922 ER PT J AU Guo, L Maghirang, RG Razote, EB Trabue, SL McConnell, LL AF Guo, Li Maghirang, Ronaldo G. Razote, Edna B. Trabue, Steven L. McConnell, Laura L. TI Concentrations of Particulate Matter Emitted from Large Cattle Feedlots in Kansas SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS; DUST; PM10; EMISSIONS; SOIL; AIR; FEEDYARDS; AMMONIA; RATIOS AB Particulate matter (PM) emitted from cattle feedlots are thought to affect air quality in rural communities, yet little is known about factors controlling their emissions. The concentrations of PM (i.e., PM(2.5), PM(10), and total suspended particulates or TSP) upwind and downwind at two large cattle feedlots (KS1, KS2) in Kansas were measured with gravimetric samplers from May 2006 to October 2009 (at KS1) and from September 2007 to April 2008 (at KS2). The mean downwind and net (i.e., downwind - upwind) mass concentrations of PM(2.5), PM(10), and TSP varied seasonally, indicating the need for multiple-day, seasonal sampling. The downwind and net concentrations were closely related to the moisture content of the pen surface. The PM(2.5)/PM(10) and PM(2.5)/TSP ratios at the downwind sampling location were also related to the moisture content of the pen surface, humidity, and temperature. Measurement of the particle size distribution downwind of the feedlot with a cascade impactor showed geometric mean diameter ranging from 7 to 18 mu m, indicating that particles that were emitted from the feedlots were generally large in size. C1 [Guo, Li; Maghirang, Ronaldo G.; Razote, Edna B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Trabue, Steven L.] ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Maghirang, RG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 129 Seaton, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rmaghir@ksu.edu RI Wright, Lori/G-7315-2011; McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35112-17853]; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FX This project is supported by grant no. 2007-35112-17853 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The project is also supported by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS). The cooperation of the feedlot managers/operators and KLA Environmental Services is highly acknowledged. Technical assistance provided by Darrell Oard, Henry Bonifacio, and Emad Almuhanna of Kansas State University is acknowledged. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1026 EP 1035 DI 10.1080/10473289.2011.599282 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 833UK UT WOS:000295910200005 PM 22070035 ER PT J AU Henk, DA Eagle, CE Brown, K Van den Berg, MA Dyer, PS Peterson, SW Fisher, MC AF Henk, D. A. Eagle, C. E. Brown, K. Van den Berg, M. A. Dyer, P. S. Peterson, S. W. Fisher, M. C. TI Speciation despite globally overlapping distributions in Penicillium chrysogenum: the population genetics of Alexander Fleming's lucky fungus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexander Fleming; asexual; microsatellite; Penicillium flemingii; speciation ID PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES RECOGNITION; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; DNA-SEQUENCES; MULTILOCUS; COMPLEX; DIVERSITY; BREVICOMPACTUM AB Eighty years ago, Alexander Fleming described the antibiotic effects of a fungus that had contaminated his bacterial culture, kick starting the antimicrobial revolution. The fungus was later ascribed to a putatively globally distributed asexual species, Penicillium chrysogenum. Recently, the species has been shown to be genetically diverse, and possess mating-type genes. Here, phylogenetic and population genetic analyses show that this apparently ubiquitous fungus is actually composed of at least two genetically distinct species with only slight differences detected in physiology. We found each species in air and dust samples collected in and around St Mary's Hospital where Fleming worked. Genotyping of 30 markers across the genome showed that preserved fungal material from Fleming's laboratory was nearly identical to derived strains currently in culture collections and in the same distinct species as a wild progenitor strain of current penicillin producing industrial strains rather than the type species P. chrysogenum. Global samples of the two most common species were found to possess mating-type genes in a near 1:1 ratio, and show evidence of recombination with little geographic population subdivision evident. However, no hybridization was detected between the species despite an estimated time of divergence of less than 1 MYA. Growth studies showed significant interspecific inhibition by P. chrysogenum of the other common species, suggesting that competition may facilitate species maintenance despite globally overlapping distributions. Results highlight under-recognized diversity even among the best-known fungal groups and the potential for speciation despite overlapping distribution. C1 [Henk, D. A.; Fisher, M. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. [Eagle, C. E.; Dyer, P. S.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Brown, K.] St Marys Hosp, Alexander Fleming Lab Museum, London W2 1NY, England. [Van den Berg, M. A.] DSM Antiinfect, NL-2600 AK Delft, Netherlands. [Peterson, S. W.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Henk, DA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM d.henk@imperial.ac.uk RI Fisher, Matthew/B-9094-2011; OI Fisher, Matthew/0000-0002-1862-6402 FU Leverhulme Trust FX We thank A. Borquez, L. Ribas, E. Oliva, T. Garner, M. Enright, W. Sherwin, S. Walker, C. Bishop, G. Lewis, H. Huulmbint, MA Deville, C. Carvalho, S. Fisher, A. Burt, P. Lamberton, T. Churcher, S. Moore, M. Rowcliffe, S. Simwali, and W. Hanage for assistance in collecting fungi. This work was supported by a grant from the Leverhulme Trust. The holotypes of putative new species have been deposited in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, under accession numbers K(M)163134, K(M)163135, and K(M)163136. NR 81 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 20 IS 20 BP 4288 EP 4301 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05244.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 838GJ UT WOS:000296275100008 PM 21951491 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Garcia, RA Ashby, RD Piazza, GJ Steinbuchel, A AF Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Garcia, Rafael A. Ashby, Richard D. Piazza, George J. Steinbuechel, Alexander TI Rendered-protein hydrolysates for microbial synthesis of cyanophycin biopolymer SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; RECOMBINANT STRAINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACID; DEGRADATION; CYANOBACTERIA; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; EXCHANGE; DENSITY AB Cyanophycin is a poly(arginyl-aspartate) biopolymer produced and stored intracellularly by bacteria. Cyanophycin has been proposed as a renewable replacement for petrochemical-based industrial products. An abundant source of amino acids and nitrogen such as in the form of protein hydrolysates is needed for the biosynthesis of cyanophycin. Rendered proteins are largely used as a feed supplement in animal husbandry and aquaculture. New uses would expand the market size of this class of protein coproducts. We prepared and thoroughly characterized the hydrolysates of meat and bone meal, and proceeded to demonstrate for the first time that these hydrolysates could be used in the fermentative production of cyanophycin. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed meat and bone meal preparation, we obtained crude cyanophycin product at 33-35% level of that produced using the reference casamino acids in both shake-flask and 10-L bioreactor fermentation studies. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the cyanophycin under denaturing conditions showed the molecular weight of the isolated polyamide at 24 kDa. Our results open a new avenue for the utilization of rendered protein coproducts to produce the cyanophycin biopolymer. C1 [Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.; Garcia, Rafael A.; Ashby, Richard D.; Piazza, George J.] ARS, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Steinbuechel, Alexander] Univ Munster, Inst Mikrobiol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), ARS, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dan.solaiman@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.03.025 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 835JF UT WOS:000296032000001 PM 21501699 ER PT J AU Sorensen, I Pettolino, FA Bacic, A Ralph, J Lu, FC O'Neill, MA Fei, ZZ Rose, JKC Domozych, DS Willats, WGT AF Sorensen, Iben Pettolino, Filomena A. Bacic, Antony Ralph, John Lu, Fachuang O'Neill, Malcolm A. Fei, Zhangzhun Rose, Jocelyn K. C. Domozych, David S. Willats, William G. T. TI The charophycean green algae provide insights into the early origins of plant cell walls SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plant cell walls; Charophycean green algae; cell-wall evolution; pectin; lignin; cross-linking glycans ID LAND PLANTS; CHARA-CORALLINA; MIXED-LINKAGE; PENIUM-MARGARITACEUM; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; NITELLA TRANSLUCENS; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; MESOSTIGMA-VIRIDE; FLOWERING PLANTS; POLYSACCHARIDES AB Numerous evolutionary innovations were required to enable freshwater green algae to colonize terrestrial habitats and thereby initiate the evolution of land plants (embryophytes). These adaptations probably included changes in cell-wall composition and architecture that were to become essential for embryophyte development and radiation. However, it is not known to what extent the polymers that are characteristic of embryophyte cell walls, including pectins, hemicelluloses, glycoproteins and lignin, evolved in response to the demands of the terrestrial environment or whether they pre-existed in their algal ancestors. Here we show that members of the advanced charophycean green algae (CGA), including the Charales, Coleochaetales and Zygnematales, but not basal CGA (Klebsormidiales and Chlorokybales), have cell walls that are comparable in several respects to the primary walls of embryophytes. Moreover, we provide both chemical and immunocytochemical evidence that selected Coleochaete species have cell walls that contain small amounts of lignin or lignin-like polymers derived from radical coupling of hydroxycinnamyl alcohols. Thus, the ability to synthesize many of the components that characterize extant embryophyte walls evolved during divergence within CGA. Our study provides new insight into the evolutionary window during which the structurally complex walls of embryophytes originated, and the significance of the advanced CGA during these events. C1 [Sorensen, Iben; Willats, William G. T.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Pettolino, Filomena A.; Bacic, Antony] Univ Melbourne, Plant Cell Biol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Pettolino, Filomena A.; Bacic, Antony] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Australian Ctr Excellence Plant Cell Walls, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Ralph, John; Lu, Fachuang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John; Lu, Fachuang] Univ Wisconsin, US DOE, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [O'Neill, Malcolm A.] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fei, Zhangzhun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangzhun] Cornell Univ, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Domozych, David S.] Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [Domozych, David S.] Skidmore Coll, Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Ctr, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. RP Willats, WGT (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM willats@life.ku.dk RI Pettolino, Filomena/I-1493-2012; OI Willats, William/0000-0003-2064-4025; Bacic, Tony/0000-0001-7483-8605 FU New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation; National Science Foundation Plant Genome [DBI-0606595]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0919925]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER20220]; Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AI02-06ER64299]; Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Australian Research Council [LP0989478]; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls; Villum Kann Rasmussen foundation FX Support was provided by the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation, and National Science Foundation Plant Genome grant DBI-0606595 to J.K.C.R., National Science Foundation grant MCB-0919925 to D. D., US Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-96ER20220 to M.A.O., Department of Energy Office of Science grant DE-AI02-06ER64299 and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center grant DE-FC02-07ER64494 to J.R. F.A.P. and A. B. acknowledge funding from the Australian Research Council through grant LP0989478 and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls grant. I. S. acknowledges funding from the Villum Kann Rasmussen foundation. We thank Dr A. Matas (Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) for assistance with transcriptome data generation and analysis. NR 75 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 68 IS 2 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04686.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 832VH UT WOS:000295836500001 PM 21707800 ER PT J AU Vitchuli, N Shi, Q Nowak, J Kay, K Caldwell, JM Breidt, F Bourham, M McCord, M Zhang, XW AF Vitchuli, Narendiran Shi, Quan Nowak, Joshua Kay, Kathryn Caldwell, Jane M. Breidt, Frederick Bourham, Mohamed McCord, Marian Zhang, Xiangwu TI Multifunctional ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats by an electrospinning-electrospraying hybrid process for use in protective applications SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electrospinning; electrospraying; Nylon 6; zinc oxide; antibacterial; detoxification ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ZNO; FILMS; WATER; MUSTARD; FABRICS; POWDERS AB ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were prepared by an electrospinning-electrospraying hybrid process in which ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of Nylon 6 nanofibers without becoming completely embedded. The prepared ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were evaluated for their abilities to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth and to catalytically detoxify chemicals. Results showed that these ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats had excellent antibacterial efficiency (99.99%) against both the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, they exhibited good detoxifying efficiency (95%) against paraoxon, a simulant of highly toxic chemicals. ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats were also deposited onto nylon/cotton woven fabrics and the nanofiber mats did not significantly affect the moisture vapor transmission rates and air permeability values of the fabrics. Therefore, ZnO/Nylon 6 nanofiber mats prepared by the electrospinning-electrospraying hybrid process are promising material candidates for protective applications. C1 [Vitchuli, Narendiran; Shi, Quan; McCord, Marian; Zhang, Xiangwu] N Carolina State Univ, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nowak, Joshua; Bourham, Mohamed] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kay, Kathryn] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kay, Kathryn; Caldwell, Jane M.; Breidt, Frederick] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Caldwell, Jane M.; Breidt, Frederick] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCord, Marian] N Carolina State Univ, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCord, Marian] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Vitchuli, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bourham@ncsu.edu; mmccord@ncsu.edu; xiangwu_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Huang, Lihong/G-5427-2011; Shi, Quan/G-5461-2011; VitchuliGangadharan, Narendiran/F-6106-2013; Zhang, Xiangwu/F-1013-2011; McCord, Marian/A-7790-2015 OI VitchuliGangadharan, Narendiran/0000-0003-2692-5848; Zhang, Xiangwu/0000-0002-6236-6281; FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BB08PRO008] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Award No. BB08PRO008). NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 40 PU NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE PI IBARAKI PA NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE, 1-2-1 SENGEN, TSUKUBA-CITY, IBARAKI, 305-0047, JAPAN SN 1468-6996 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 AR 055004 DI 10.1088/1468-6996/12/5/055004 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 836AQ UT WOS:000296078900006 PM 27877442 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM AF Cardamone, Jeanette M. TI Expanding the Utility of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) process bleaching SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bleaching; biopolishing; shrinkproofing; parchment wool jersey ID ACTIVATED PEROXIDE; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; ENZYMATIC CONTROL; WOOL SHRINKAGE; PART II; DICYANDIAMIDE; CYANAMIDE; FABRICS AB The Agricultural Research Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture conducts research on agricultural products and co-products where wool is a co-product of the American lamb industry. The ARS process, an alternative to conventional peroxide for bleaching and chlorination for shrinkproofing wool, was applied to bleach and control the dimensions of wool, wool/cotton, cotton, and viscose rayon fabrics. Conventional processes for bleaching and shrinkage control have limited economy due to high temperatures and long exposures, and their ecological acceptance is marginal. The ARS process is chemo-enzymatic with bleaching followed by biopolishing with shrinkproofing, both steps being applied at near-room-temperature conditions for 30-40 minutes to reach high levels of whiteness, softness, and dimensional stability. The novelty of the process involves the in situ formation of a hyper-peroxide bleach to achieve high whiteness with subsequent enzyme processing from a fresh bath to selectively treat only the surface scales of wool without damage to the inner cortex of the fiber. The Whiteness Index (WI) of wool and wool/cotton improved 63%-72% after bleaching alone and another similar to 2% increase after enzyme treatment; area shrinkage was less than 2%. The WI of cotton print cloth improved 60.5% by ARS bleaching compared to 64% by conventional bleaching. The process limited shrinkage of cotton knit to 4% and to less than 2% for cotton and viscose woven fabrics. The mechanical properties of all treated fabrics were retained. In a separate study, the process was applied at high concentration to convert wool jersey into parchmentized jersey with permanent stiffness and 45.5% increase in sheerness, as determined digital image analysis. ARS novel bleaching is a sustainable, facile, effective process for low-temperature bleaching with low energy consumption and low environmental impact. Wool jersey with sheerness, stiffness, and strength retention can be fabricated by treatment with highly concentrated ARS hyper-peroxide bleach. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jan.cardamone@ars.usda.gov FU American Sheep Industry FX This work was partially supported by the American Sheep Industry. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 81 IS 17 BP 1818 EP 1827 DI 10.1177/0040517511411969 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 836JH UT WOS:000296107500008 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Ramirez, G Sauer, TJ Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH AF Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo Sauer, Thomas J. Hatfield, Jerry L. Prueger, John H. TI Quantifying atmospheric stability conditions at a swine facility and an adjacent corn field in Iowa, USA SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER; DISPERSION; TERRAIN; HEAT; AREA; FLUX AB Atmospheric stability conditions in the atmospheric surface layer control the distance and direction of transport of air contaminants. Near confined animal facilities, transport processes significantly impact air quality as these sites typically act as point sources of dust and odor constituents; however, little information is available on atmospheric stability effects. This study was conducted to assess year-round temporal patterns of atmospheric stability at a swine production facility and an adjacent commercial corn field (CF) in the US Midwest. Two towers of 10 and 20 m heights for continuous micrometeorological measurements were deployed within a CF and between swine buildings (BSB), respectively. Each tower was equipped with an eddy-covariance system at 6.8 m height, infrared thermometers, and six cup anemometers with thermocouples installed at log-distributed heights. Overall results from gradient Richardson number and Monin-Obukhov (z/L) calculations revealed a greater prevalence of unstable conditions for BSB compared with CF. During the 13-month measurement period, unstable cases (z/L ranging from -1 to -0.01) occurred 1.4 times more frequently for BSB than CF (52 vs. 39%, respectively), while stable cases (0.011-0.2) were 1.8 times more frequent for CF than BSB (24 vs. 14%, respectively). These patterns were partly associated with higher surface radiometric temperatures for BSB. Relatively greater diurnal heat capture at BSB (ground and roof surfaces) and a cooling effect in CF through active canopy transpiration during the daytime explain these z/L and radiometric temperature results. Prevalent diurnal atmospheric instability at BSB suggests enhanced ascendant vertical transport of air pollutants perhaps causing greater mixing/dilution with the atmospheric layer and/or their facilitated transport over greater distances when sorbed onto particles. This enhanced understanding of the spatio-temporal patterns of atmospheric stability can be subsequently applied in further studies for identifying effective odor mitigation strategies near commercial animal production facilities. C1 [Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo] Canterbury Agr & Sci Ctr, New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Sauer, Thomas J.; Hatfield, Jerry L.; Prueger, John H.] ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hernandez-Ramirez, G (reprint author), Canterbury Agr & Sci Ctr, New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM Guillermo.Hernandez@plantandfood.co.nz RI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/I-5429-2013 OI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/0000-0001-8225-5813 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 105 IS 3-4 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s00704-011-0405-0 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835DN UT WOS:000296014700016 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Howell, J Marais, JP Ferreira, D Koivunen, M AF Dayan, Franck E. Howell, J'Lynn Marais, Jannie P. Ferreira, Daneel Koivunen, Marja TI Manuka Oil, A Natural Herbicide with Preemergence Activity SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Natural product; triketone; phytotoxins; herbicide; mode of action; p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; ssential oil; organic agriculture ID P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; LEPTOSPERMUM-SCOPARIUM; BETA-TRIKETONES AB Natural herbicides approved in organic agriculture are primarily nonselective burn-down essential oils applied POST. Multiple applications are often required due to their low efficacy. To address this problem, the in vivo herbicidal activity of manuka oil, the essential oil distilled from manuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium J.R. and G. Forst), was tested on selected broadleaf and grass weeds. While manuka oil exhibited good POST activity when applied in combination with a commercial lemongrass oil-based herbicide, it ultimately demonstrated interesting PRE activity, providing control of large crabgrass seedlings at a rate of 3 L ha(-1). Manuka oil and its main active ingredient, leptospermone, were stable in soil for up to 7 d and had half-lives of 18 and 15 d, respectively. The systemic activity of manuka oil addresses many of the current limitations associated with natural herbicides. Additionally, its soil persistence opens up a multitude of new possibilities for the use of manuka oil as a tool for weed management and may be a potential bridge between traditional and organic agriculture. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.; Howell, J'Lynn] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Marais, Jannie P.; Ferreira, Daneel] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Marais, Jannie P.; Ferreira, Daneel] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Koivunen, Marja] Marrone Bio Innovat Inc, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 FU Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. [58-3K95-0-1461] FX This research was supported in part from a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. (Agreement 58-3K95-0-1461). NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 14 U2 31 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 464 EP 469 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00043.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 835HE UT WOS:000296026400003 ER PT J AU Alcorta, M Fidelibus, MW Steenwerth, KL Shrestha, A AF Alcorta, Marisa Fidelibus, Matthew W. Steenwerth, Kerri L. Shrestha, Anil TI Competitive Effects of Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Susceptible Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) on Young Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Herbicide-resistance; inter- and intraspecies competition; vineyard ID WEED-CONTROL; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA; PHENOLOGY; DISPERSAL; VALLEY AB Horseweed is a common pest in vineyards of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. Interest in controlling this weed has increased with the recent discovery of a glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotype that has been observed to be more vigorous than a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype in the SJV. However, the impact that either biotype may have on grapevine growth has not been assessed. Therefore, two glasshouse experiments were conducted to characterize the competitiveness of GR and GS horseweed biotypes from the SJV with young grapevines. 'Syrah' grapevines grafted to Freedom rootstocks were planted in 8-L plastic pots, alone, or with a single GR or GS horseweed. Additional GR and GS horseweeds were also planted separately in individual pots, and all plants were grown for 14 and 16 wk in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Grapevines grown with either biotype of the weed produced fewer leaves and amassed approximately 20% less dry mass (DM) than vines grown alone. The GR biotype reduced grapevine stem DM and length by 30%, but the GS biotype did not. The GR biotype accumulated more than twice the DM as the GS biotype, whether in competition with grapevine or not. Grapevines reduced the total leaf number of both horseweed biotypes by almost 50% and aboveground DM of GR and GS biotypes by 50 and 75%, respectively. These preliminary findings indicate that competition from horseweed can substantially reduce the growth of young grapevines and that the GR biotype may be more competitive than the GS biotype. C1 [Shrestha, Anil] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Alcorta, Marisa; Fidelibus, Matthew W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Steenwerth, Kerri L.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crop Pathol & Genet Res Unit, CO Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shrestha, A (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, 2415 E San Ramon Ave,MS A-S 72, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. EM ashrestha@csufresno.edu FU University of California FX The authors thank Jorge Osorio Aguilar, Kimberley Cathline, Mickael Olivon, Socorro and Lydia Cisneros, Thomas Wang, Melissa Chavez, Sean and David Tomajan, Ivan Ramirez, Brad Hanson, Marcel Rejmanek, Tim Kuhn, and Meghan Gilbart for their assistance in the project. The research was supported by a grant from the University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1614/WS-D-10-00186.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 835HE UT WOS:000296026400007 ER PT J AU Israelsen, KR Ransom, CV Waldron, BL AF Israelsen, Karl R. Ransom, Corey V. Waldron, Blair L. TI Salinity Tolerance of Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) and Desirable Pasture Grasses SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Halophyte; electrical conductivity; grass mortality; growth rates ID SALT TOLERANCE; SEEDLING GROWTH; SOIL-SALINITY; MECHANISMS; PLANTS; GERMINATION; HALOPHYTES; WHEATGRASS; RESPONSES; SODIUM AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the relative salinity tolerance of foxtail barley and seven desirable pasture grasses. Grass species were reed canarygrass, timothy, altai wildrye, tall fescue, tall wheatgrass, orchardgrass, creeping meadow foxtail, and foxtail barley. Grasses were exposed to increasing electrical conductivity levels of NaCl and CaCl(2) salt solution over time. Grass species were compared using a cumulative value of salt exposure (EC(days)), which was calculated to account for the electrical conductivity (EC) and the time a plant was exposed at that level of conductivity. Salinity tolerance varied among grass species. Increasing EC significantly reduced plant biomass of all species. All grass species experienced a 50% biomass reduction (GR(50)) between 271 and 512 EC(days) in 2008 and between 297 and 575 EC(days) in 2009. Foxtail barley was among the most salt tolerant (GR(50) = 512 and 525 EC(days)), requiring the highest salt exposure in 2008 and the second-highest exposure in 2009 to reduce biomass 50%. Grass mortality increased with increasing EC levels. Reed canarygrass and timothy were most susceptible to increasing salinity, with 50% mortality (LD(50)) of both grass species occurring between 983 and 1,186 EC(days). Moderate salinity tolerance was exhibited by orchardgrass, which required 1,977 and 1,844 EC(days); creeping foxtail, which required 1,998 and 2,431 EC(days); and tall fescue, which required 2,501 and >2,840 EC(days) to LD(50) in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Foxtail barley, altai wildrye, and tall wheatgrass were most tolerant of salinity and persisted with little mortality occurring at 3,033 and 2,840 EC(days) in 2008 and 2009, respectively. All grass species with higher growth rates than foxtail barley and altai wildrye were more susceptible to salinity, with the exception of tall wheatgrass. Growth rates of foxtail barley and altai wildrye were less than they were for other grasses, suggesting that slower growth rates may aid in salinity tolerance. C1 [Ransom, Corey V.] Winfield Solut, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ransom, CV (reprint author), Winfield Solut, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. EM corey.ransom@usu.edu RI Ransom, Corey/E-5927-2011 FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station [8177] FX This research was funded in part by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Publication 8177. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1614/WS-D-10-00164.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 835HE UT WOS:000296026400009 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Morra, MJ Borek, V Clayton, L Vaughn, SF AF Boydston, Rick A. Morra, Matt J. Borek, Vladimir Clayton, Lydia Vaughn, Steven F. TI Onion and Weed Response to Mustard (Sinapis alba) Seed Meal SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allelopathy; glucosinolates; natural products; organic; phytotoxicity; thiocyanate; SCN(-); weed management ID IONIC THIOCYANATE SCN; SOIL; SUPPRESSION; FATE AB Weed control in organic onion production is often difficult and expensive, requiring numerous cultivations and extensive hand weeding. Onion safety and weed control with mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba was evaluated in greenhouse and field trials. MSM applied at 110, 220, and 440 g m(-2) severely injured onions and reduced onion stand by 25% or more when applied from planting to the one-leaf stage of onions in greenhouse trials. MSM derived from mustard cultivars 'IdaGold' and 'AC Pennant' reduced plant dry weight of redroot pigweed with an effective dose that provided 90% weed control (ED(90)) of 14.5 and 3.2 g m(-2), respectively, in greenhouse trials, whereas the ED(90) of MSM from a low-glucosinolate cultivar '00RN29D10' was 128 g m(-2), suggesting that glucosinolate content and ionic thiocyanate (SCN(-)) production contribute to phytotoxicity of MSM. In field trials, weed emergence, onion injury, and onion yield were recorded following single or three sequential applications of MSM from 1.1 to 4.5 MT ha(-1) beginning at the two-leaf stage of onions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. By 8 wk after treatment (WAT), onion injury following MSM sequential applications was 10% or less in all 3 yr. Combined over 2008 and 2009, 48 and 68% fewer weeds emerged 3 WAT with MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha(-1), respectively. In 2010, MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha(-1) reduced the number of weeds emerged 4 WAT by 91 and 76%, respectively. MSM treatment did not significantly affect onion yield or size in 2008 and 2009, but in 2010 onion total yield was reduced by 29% by three sequential applications of MSM at 2.2 MT ha(-1). MSM has potential to be used as a weed-suppressive amendment in organic production systems, but the risk of crop injury is substantial. C1 [Boydston, Rick A.] Washington State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Morra, Matt J.; Borek, Vladimir] Univ Idaho, Div Soil & Land Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Clayton, Lydia] Univ Idaho, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Vaughn, Steven F.] Agr Res Serv, Funct Foods Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rick.boydston@ars.usda.gov RI Morra, Matthew/B-1723-2008 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1614/WS-D-10-00185.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 835HE UT WOS:000296026400016 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Gealy, GS AF Gealy, David R. Gealy, Glenn S. TI (13)Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Roots and Shoots of Major Weed Species of Southern US Rice Fields and Its Potential Use for Analysis of Rice-Weed Root Interactions SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Stable carbon isotope; C-13/C-12 isotope ratio; delta C-13; C-13 depletion; C-3 photosynthetic pathway; C-4 photosynthetic pathway; crop-weed root interference; tropical japonica rice; indica rice ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; ORYZA-SATIVA; C-13 DISCRIMINATION; RED RICE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON; NITROGEN; REGISTRATION AB Assessing belowground plant interference in rice has been difficult in the past because intertwined weed and crop roots cannot be readily separated. A C-13 discrimination method has been developed to assess distribution of intermixed roots of barnyardgrass and rice in field soils, but the suitability of this approach for other rice weeds is not known. C-13 depletion levels in roots and leaves of rice were compared with those of 10 troublesome weed species grown in monoculture in the greenhouse or field. Included were C-4 tropical grasses: barnyardgrass, bearded sprangletop, Amazon sprangletop, broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, and large crabgrass; C-4 sedge, yellow nutsedge; and C-3 species: red rice, gooseweed, and redstem. Rice root delta C-13 levels averaged, similar to -28 parts per thousand, indicating that these roots are highly C-13-depleted. Root delta C-13 levels ranged from -12 parts per thousand to -17 parts per thousand among the tropical grasses, and were -10 parts per thousand in yellow nutsedge, indicating that these species were less C-13 depleted than rice, and were C-4 plants suitable for C-13 discrimination studies with rice. Among the C-4 species, bearded sprangletop and yellow nutsedge were most and least C-13 depleted, respectively. delta C-13 levels in shoot and root tissue of pot-grown plants averaged 6% greater for C-4 plants and 9% greater for rice in the field than in the greenhouse. In pots, shoots of rice typically were slightly more C-13 depleted than roots. A reverse trend was seen in most C-4 species, particularly for broadleaf signalgrass and plants sampled from field plots. Corrections derived from inputs including the total mass, carbon mass, carbon fraction, and delta C-13 levels of roots and soil increased greatly the accuracy of root mass estimates and increased slightly the accuracy of root delta C-13 estimates (similar to 0.6 to 0.9%) in samples containing soil. Similar corrective equations were derived for mixtures of rice and C-4 weed roots and soil, and are proposed as a labor-saving option in C-13 discrimination root studies. C1 [Gealy, David R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gealy, Glenn S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM david.gealy@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.1614/WS-D-10-00140.1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 835HE UT WOS:000296026400022 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Humphrey, SB AF Stanton, Thad B. Humphrey, Samuel B. TI Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance: Evaluation of a Probiotic Approach Using Antibiotic-Sensitive Megasphaera elsdenii Strains To Prevent Colonization of Swine by Antibiotic-Resistant Strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACIDAMINOCOCCUS-FERMENTANS; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; RUMEN; DIVERSITY; PIGS; POPULATIONS AB Megasphaera elsdenii is a lactate-fermenting, obligately anaerobic bacterium commonly present in the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals, including humans. Swine M. elsdenii strains were previously shown to have high levels of tetracycline resistance (MIC = 64 to >256 mu g/ml) and to carry mosaic (recombinant) tetracycline resistance genes. Baby pigs inherit intestinal microbiota from the mother sow. In these investigations we addressed two questions. When do M. elsdenii strains from the sow colonize baby pigs? Can five antibiotic-sensitive M. elsdenii strains administered intragastrically to newborn pigs affect natural colonization of the piglets by antibiotic-resistant (AR) M. elsdenii strains from the mother? M. elsdenii natural colonization of newborn pigs was undetectable (<10(4) CFU/g [wet weight] of feces) prior to weaning (20 days after birth). After weaning, all pigs became colonized (4 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(8) CFU/g feces). In a separate study, 61% (76/125) of M. elsdenii isolates from a gravid sow never exposed to antibiotics were resistant to chlortetracycline, ampicillin, or tylosin. The inoculation of the sow's offspring with mixtures of M. elsdenii antibiotic-sensitive strains prevented colonization of the offspring by maternal AR strains until at least 11 days postweaning. At 25 and 53 days postweaning, however, AR strains predominated. Antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based identities of M. elsdenii isolated from sow and offspring were unexpectedly diverse. These results suggest that dosing newborn piglets with M. elsdenii antibiotic-sensitive strains delays but does not prevent colonization by maternal resistant strains. M. elsdenii subspecies diversity offers an explanation for the persistence of resistant strains in the absence of antibiotic selection. C1 [Stanton, Thad B.; Humphrey, Samuel B.] USDA, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Thad.Stanton@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 77 IS 20 BP 7158 EP 7166 DI 10.1128/AEM.00647-11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 832VJ UT WOS:000295836700011 PM 21821757 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Humphrey, SB Stoffregen, WC AF Stanton, Thad B. Humphrey, Samuel B. Stoffregen, William C. TI Chlortetracycline-Resistant Intestinal Bacteria in Organically Raised and Feral Swine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEGASPHAERA-ELSDENII STRAINS; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; GENES; POPULATIONS; GUT AB Organically raised swine had high fecal populations of chlortetracycline (CTC)-resistant (growing at 64 mu g CTC/ml) Escherichia coli, Megasphaera elsdenii, and anaerobic bacteria. By comparison, CTC-resistant bacteria in feral swine feces were over 1,000-fold fewer and exhibited lower taxonomic diversity. C1 [Stanton, Thad B.; Humphrey, Samuel B.] USDA, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Stoffregen, William C.] USDA, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Thad.Stanton@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 77 IS 20 BP 7167 EP 7170 DI 10.1128/AEM.00688-11 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 832VJ UT WOS:000295836700012 PM 21821750 ER PT J AU Langan, P Gnanakaran, S Rector, KD Pawley, N Fox, DT Cho, DW Hammel, KE AF Langan, Paul Gnanakaran, S. Rector, Kirk D. Pawley, Norma Fox, David T. Cho, Dae Won Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Exploring new strategies for cellulosic biofuels production SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUID PRETREATMENT; NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; D-XYLOSE ISOMERASE; CELL-WALL; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; BIOMASS RECALCITRANCE AB A research program has been initiated to formulate new strategies for efficient low-cost lignocellulosic biomass processing technologies for the production of biofuels. This article reviews results from initial research into lignocellulosic biomass structure, recalcitrance, and pretreatment. In addition to contributing towards a comprehensive understanding of lignocellulosic biomass, this work has contributed towards demonstrated optimizations of existing pretreatment methods, and the emergence of new possible pretreatment strategies that remain to be fully developed. C1 [Langan, Paul; Fox, David T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gnanakaran, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gnanakaran, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rector, Kirk D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pawley, Norma] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cho, Dae Won] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Inst Microbial & Biochem Sci, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM langanpa@ornl.gov RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy FX This research was funded by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. The PCS is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy. The authors thank NECAT and BioCAT at the Advanced Photon Source and D19 at the Institute Laue Langevin for the use of facilities. S. Narayanasam, V. Balan, R. Barrea, J. Orgel, T. Forsyth and S. Mason are acknowledged for help with data collection. The authors acknowledge A. Asztalos, G. Bellessia, A.M. Bradbury, S. Chundawat, H. Chanzy, T. Jeoh, C. Kiss, T. Dale, D. Dunnaway-Mariano, S.Z. Fisher, A.D. French, P. Goodwin, J.C. Gordon, S.K. Hanson, L. Heux, G.P. Johnson, A. Koppisch, A. Kovalevsky, P.S. Langan, M. Lucas, Y. Nishiyama, J. Olivares, M. Park, R. Parthasaritha, A. Pimental, A. Redondo, I.P. Samayam, T. Sato, C. Schall, T.Y. Shen, C.J. Unkefer, P. Unkefer, M. Wada, G. Wagner and M.J. Waltman as collaborators in this work. NR 115 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 4 IS 10 BP 3820 EP 3833 DI 10.1039/c1ee01268a PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833LX UT WOS:000295888100008 ER PT J AU Beuzelin, JM Meszaros, A Reagan, TE Wilson, LT Way, MO Blouin, DC Showler, AT AF Beuzelin, J. M. Meszaros, A. Reagan, T. E. Wilson, L. T. Way, M. O. Blouin, D. C. Showler, A. T. TI Seasonal Infestations of Two Stem Borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Noncrop Grasses of Gulf Coast Rice Agroecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican rice borer; Eoreuma loftini (Dyar); sugarcane borer; Diatraea saccharalis (F.); alternate hosts ID EOREUMA-LOFTINI LEPIDOPTERA; STINK BUG HEMIPTERA; VEGETATIONAL DIVERSITY; HOST PLANTS; ENEMIES HYPOTHESIS; SUGARCANE BORER; PYRALIDAE; POPULATIONS; LOUISIANA; TEXAS AB Infestations of two stem borers, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) and Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), were compared in noncrop grasses adjacent to rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. Three farms in the Texas rice Gulf Coast production area were surveyed every 6-8 wk between 2007 and 2009 using quadrat sampling along transects. Although D. saccharalis densities were relatively low, E. loftini average densities ranged from 0.3 to 5.7 immatures per m(2) throughout the 2-yr period. Early annual grasses including ryegrass, Lolium spp., and brome, Bromus spp., were infested during the spring, whereas the perennial johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., and Vasey's grass, Paspalum urvillei Steud., were infested throughout the year. Johnsongrass was the most prevalent host (41-78% relative abundance), but Vasey's grass (13-40% relative abundance) harbored as much as 62% of the recovered E. loftini immatures (during the winter). Young rice in newly planted fields did not host stem borers before June. April sampling in fallow rice fields showed that any available live grass material, volunteer rice or weed, can serve as a host during the spring. Our study suggests that noncrop grasses are year-round sources of E. loftini in Texas rice agroecosystems and may increase pest populations. C1 [Beuzelin, J. M.; Meszaros, A.; Reagan, T. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wilson, L. T.; Way, M. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr Beaumont, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Blouin, D. C.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Expt Stat, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Showler, A. T.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Beuzelin, JM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jbeuzelin@agcenter.lsu.edu RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 FU USDA-CSREES [2008-51100-04415]; USDA-NIFA AFRI [2011-67009-30132] FX We thank rice growers Bill Dishman, Jr., John and Jay Jenkins, and Gary and Michael Skalicky for permitting us use of their farmland and for technical assistance. We thank Lowell Urbatsch (Herbarium of Louisiana State University) and Eric Webster (LSU AgCenter School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences) for identifying numerous grass samples. We thank Mike Hiller (Texas A&M AgriLife Extension), Waseem Akbar, Blake Wilson, Kyle Baker (LSU AgCenter), and Jannie Castillo (Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Beaumont) for their technical assistance. We thank Jeff Davis, Mike Stout (LSU AgCenter), and two anonymous referees for participating in the review of the manuscript. This work was supported by USDA-CSREES Crops-At-Risk IPM program grant 2008-51100-04415 and USDA-NIFA AFRI Sustainable Bioenergy program grant 2011-67009-30132. This paper is approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript number 2011-234-5623. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1050 DI 10.1603/EN11044 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500007 PM 22251716 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. G. TI Influence of Corn on Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Subsequent Crops SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Southern green stink bug; brown stink bug; stink bug distribution; peanut; cotton ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA HEMIPTERA; HOST-PLANT; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; COTTON FARMSCAPES; YIELD LOSSES; BOLL INJURY; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; GEORGIA; SORGHUM AB In southeastern United States farmscapes, corn, Zea mays L., is often closely associated with peanut, (Arachis hypogaea L.), cotton, (Gossypium hirsutum L.), or both. The objective of this 3-yr on-farm study was to examine the influence of corn on stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Nezara viridula (L.), and Euschistus serous (Say), in subsequent crops in these farmscapes. Adults of both stink bug species entered corn first, and seasonal occurrence of stink bug eggs, nymphs, and adults indicated that corn was a suitable host plant for adult survival and nymphal development to adults. Stink bug females generally oviposited on cotton or peanut near the interface, or common boundary, of the farmscape before senescence of corn, availability of a new food, or both. Adult stink bugs dispersed from crop to crop at the interface of a farmscape in response to senescence of corn, availability of new food, or both. In corn-cotton farmscapes, adult stink bugs dispersed from senescing corn into cotton to feed on bolls (fruit). In corn-peanut farmscapes, adult stink bugs dispersed from senescing corn into peanut, which apparently played a role in nymphal development in these farmscapes. In the corn-cotton-peanut farmscape, stink bug nymphs and adults dispersed from peanut into cotton in response to newly available food, not senescence of peanut. Stink bug dispersal into cotton resulted in severe boll damage. In conclusion, N. viridula and E. serous are generalist feeders that exhibit edge-mediated dispersal from corn into subsequent adjacent crops in corn-cotton, corn-peanut, and corn-peanut-cotton farmscapes to take advantage of suitable resources available in time and space for oviposition, nymphal development, and adult survival. Management strategies for crops in this region need to be designed to break the cycle of stink bug production, dispersal, and expansion by exploiting their edge-mediated movement and host plant preferences. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM glynn.tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1176 DI 10.1603/EN10243 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500018 PM 22251727 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Analysis of Vertical Distributions and Effective Flight Layers of Insects: Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flying Insects and Catch at Trap Heights SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mean flight height; computer simulation in three dimensions; movement algorithms; mating disruption; mass trapping ID BLACK-WALNUT PLANTATION; EFFECTIVE ATTRACTION RADIUS; MECHANISMS MEDIATING DISRUPTION; FLOWER THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; MOTH SEXUAL COMMUNICATION; CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; TERM PEST-MANAGEMENT; MATING DISRUPTION; CHRYSOMELIDAE FLIGHT; PHEROMONE DISPENSER AB The mean height and standard deviation (SD) of flight is estimated for over 100 insect species from their catches on several trap heights reported in the literature. The iterative equations for calculating mean height and SD are presented. The mean flight height for 95% of the studies varied from 0.17 to 5.40 m, and the SD from 0.12 to 3.83 m. The relationship between SD and mean flight height (X) was SD = 0.711X(-0.7849), n = 123, R(2) = 0.63. In addition, the vertical trap catches were fit to normal distributions and analyzed for skew and kurtosis. The SD was used to calculate an effective flight layer used in transforming the spherical effective attraction radius (EAR) of pheromone-baited traps into a circular EAR(c) for use in two-dimensional encounter rate models of mass trapping and mating disruption using semiochemicals. The EAR/EAR(c) also serves to reveal the attractive strength and efficacy of putative pheromone blends. To determine the reliability of mean flight height and SD calculations from field trapping data, simulations of flying insects in three dimensions (3D) were performed. The simulations used an algorithm that caused individuals to roam freely at random but such that the population distributed vertically according to a normal distribution of specified mean and SD. Within this 3D arena, spherical traps were placed at various heights to determine the effects on catch and SD. The results indicate that data from previous field studies, when analyzed by the iterative equations, should provide good estimates of the population mean height and SD of flight. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM john.byers@ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1210 EP 1222 DI 10.1603/EN11043 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500023 PM 22251732 ER PT J AU McCullough, DG Siegert, NW Poland, TM Pierce, SJ Ahn, SZ AF McCullough, Deborah G. Siegert, Nathan W. Poland, Therese M. Pierce, Steven J. Ahn, Su Zie TI Effects of Trap Type, Placement and Ash Distribution on Emerald Ash Borer Captures in a Low Density Site SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fraxinus; Agrilus planipennis; double-decker traps; girdled trees; Manuka oil ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENT; OUTLIER SITES; BARK BEETLES; BUPRESTIDAE; TREES; ATTRACTION; ETHANOL; VOLATILES; POPULATIONS AB Effective methods for early detection of newly established, low density emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) infestations are critically needed in North America. We assessed adult A. planipennis captures on four types of traps in a 16-ha site in central Michigan. The site was divided into 16 blocks, each comprised of four 50- by 50-m cells. Green ash trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) were inventoried by diameter class and ash phloem area was estimated for each cell. One trap type was randomly assigned to each cell in each block. Because initial sampling showed that A. planipennis density was extremely low, infested ash logs were introduced into the center of the site. In total, 87 beetles were captured during the summer. Purple double-decker traps baited with a blend of ash leaf volatiles, Manuka oil, and ethanol captured 65% of all A. planipennis beetles. Similarly baited, green double-decker traps captured 18% of the beetles, whereas sticky bands on girdled trees captured 11% of the beetles. Purple traps baited with Manuka oil and suspended in the canopies of live ash trees captured only 5% of the beetles. At least one beetle was captured on 81% of the purple double-decker traps, 56% of the green double-decker traps, 42% of sticky bands, and 25% of the canopy traps. Abundance of ash phloem near traps had no effect on captures and trap location and sun exposure had only weak effects on captures. Twelve girdled and 29 nongirdled trees were felled and sampled in winter. Current-year larvae were present in 100% of the girdled trees and 72% of the nongirdled trees, but larval density was five times higher on girdled than nongirdled trees. C1 [McCullough, Deborah G.; Siegert, Nathan W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Pierce, Steven J.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Stat Training & Consulting, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ahn, Su Zie] Michigan State Univ, Dept Stat & Probabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McCullough, DG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mccullo6@msu.edu FU USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS); USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State & Private Forestry FX We thank Andrea Anulewicz, Jake Baker, David Cappaert, Tara Dell, and James Wieferich, all of MSU, for their help in setting and checking traps, collecting ash inventory data and debarking ash trees. Cooperation and access to the study site provided by Courtney Borgondy and Robert Heyd, MI Department of Natural Resources, is gratefully acknowledged. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State & Private Forestry. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 32 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1252 DI 10.1603/EN11099 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500026 PM 22251735 ER PT J AU Stringer, LD Suckling, DM Baird, D Vander Meer, RK Christian, SJ Lester, PJ AF Stringer, Lloyd D. Suckling, David Maxwell Baird, David Vander Meer, Robert K. Christian, Sheree J. Lester, Philip J. TI Sampling Efficacy for the Red Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surveillance; food preference; foraging distance; detection; model ID BUREN HYMENOPTERA; RANGE EXPANSION; COLONY SIZE; NEW-ZEALAND; PREFERENCE; INVASIONS; PATTERNS; TAIWAN; WATER; FLOW AB Cost-effective detection of invasive ant colonies before establishment in new ranges is imperative for the protection of national borders and reducing their global impact. We examined the sampling efficiency of food-baits and pitfall traps (baited and nonbaited) in detecting isolated red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) nests in multiple environments in Gainesville, FL. Fire ants demonstrated a significantly higher preference for a mixed protein food type (hotdog or ground meat combined with sweet peanut butter) than for the sugar or water baits offered. Foraging distance success was a function of colony size, detection trap used, and surveillance duration. Colony gyne number did not influence detection success. Workers from small nests (0- to 15-cm mound diameter) traveled no >3 m to a food source, whereas large colonies (>30-cm mound diameter) traveled up to 17 m. Baited pitfall traps performed best at detecting incipient ant colonies followed by nonbaited pitfall traps then food baits, whereas food baits performed well when trying to detect large colonies. These results were used to create an interactive model in Microsoft Excel, whereby surveillance managers can alter trap type, density, and duration parameters to estimate the probability of detecting specified or unknown S. invicta colony sizes. This model will support decision makers who need to balance the sampling cost and risk of failure to detect fire ant colonies. C1 [Stringer, Lloyd D.; Suckling, David Maxwell] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Vander Meer, Robert K.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Christian, Sheree J.] MAFBNZ, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Lester, Philip J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. RP Stringer, LD (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM lloyd.stringer@plantandfood.co.nz RI Lester, Phil/A-1296-2008; Suckling, David/F-7005-2010; OI Lester, Phil/0000-0002-1801-5687; Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348; Stringer, Lloyd/0000-0002-6345-0768 FU New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biosecurity New Zealand [10809]; New Zealand's Foundation for Research, Science Technology [C02X0501] FX We thank David Milne, Rebecca Blair, and Eileen Carroll USDA-ARS Gainesville for technical assistance. This work was partially funded through the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biosecurity New Zealand contract 10809 and by New Zealand's Foundation for Research, Science & Technology through contract C02X0501, the Better Border Biosecurity program (www.b3nz.org). NR 43 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 25 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1276 EP 1284 DI 10.1603/EN11002 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500029 PM 22251738 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Shapiro-Ilan, DI Tedders, WL AF Morales-Ramos, J. A. Rojas, M. G. Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. Tedders, W. L. TI Self-Selection of Two Diet Components by Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae and Its Impact on Fitness SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nutrition; behavior; insect rearing; yellow mealworm; dietary self-selection ID NUTRIENT REGULATION; PROTEIN NUTRITION; AMINO-ACIDS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; LACTALBUMIN HYDROLYSATE; ARTIFICIAL DIET; GROWTH; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; INSECTS AB We studied the ability of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to self-select optimal ratios of two dietary components to approach nutritional balance and maximum fitness. Relative consumption of wheat bran and dry potato flakes was determined among larvae feeding on four different ratios of these components (10, 20, 30, and 40% potato). Groups of early instars were provided with a measured amount of food and the consumption of each diet component was measured at the end of 4 wk and again 3 wk later. Consumption of diet components by T. molitor larvae deviated significantly from expected ratios indicating nonrandom self-selection. Mean percentages of dry potato consumed were 11.98, 19.16, 19.02, and 19.27% and 11.89, 20.48, 24.67, and 25.97% during the first and second experimental periods for diets with 10, 20, 30, and 40% potato, respectively. Life table analysis was used to determine the fitness of T. molitor developing in the four diet mixtures in a no-choice experiment. The diets were compared among each other and a control diet of wheat bran only. Doubling time was significantly shorter in groups consuming 10 and 20% potato than the control and longer in groups feeding on 30 and 40% potato. The self-selected ratios of the two diet components approached 20% potato, which was the best ratio for development and second best for population growth. Our findings show dietary self-selection behavior in T. molitor larvae, and these findings may lead to new methods for optimizing dietary supplements for T. molitor. C1 [Morales-Ramos, J. A.; Rojas, M. G.] ARS, USDA, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, D. I.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA USA. [Tedders, W. L.] SE Insectaries Inc, Perry, GA USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM juan.moralesramos@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 FU USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2007-33610-18416, 2007-03695] FX We thank The USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) for financing this research through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program (grant No. 2007-33610-18416/proposal No. 2007-03695). We also thank James F. Campbell, Thomas A. Coudron, and Norman C. Leppla for the review of the manuscript previous to submission. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 47 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1294 DI 10.1603/EN10239 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500030 PM 22251739 ER PT J AU Morton, PK Foley, CJ Schemerhorn, BJ AF Morton, Philip K. Foley, Carolyn J. Schemerhorn, Brandon J. TI Population Structure and Spatial Influence of Agricultural Variables on Hessian Fly Populations in the Southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; landscape genetics; wheat; gene-for-gene interaction; alternative host ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE NULL ALLELES; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; LOCAL ADAPTATION; RESISTANCE GENES; FREQUENCY DATA; FLOW AB Population structure dictates the evolution of each population, and thus, the species as a whole. Incorporating spatial variables with population genetic statistics allows for greater discovery beyond traditional population genetics alone and can inform management decisions. The understanding of population structure in Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), a pest of wheat, has been limited in the past. We scored 14 microsatellite loci from 12 collections of Hessian fly in the southeastern United States. Through Bayesian clustering analysis, we found two major populations of Hessian fly covering the entire southeastern United States. We evaluated correlations between agriculturally significant spatial variables and population genetic differentiation to test if genetic structure has an ecological component in a wheat agro-ecosystem. Our results suggest the total amount of alternative host plants in the county may be driving some genetic differentiation. Although planting date may also be influential, geographic distance, mean annual temperature, and harvested wheat for grain do not seem to be contributing factors. The ecological or spatial component to population structure, however, may be minimal compared to factors such as genetic drift. C1 [Morton, Philip K.; Foley, Carolyn J.; Schemerhorn, Brandon J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Morton, Philip K.] Univ Oklahoma, Biol Stn, Kingston, OK 73439 USA. [Schemerhorn, Brandon J.] ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schemerhorn, BJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bschemer@purdue.edu OI Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X FU USDA-ARS [CRIS 3602-22000-14D] FX We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all who have provided Hessian fly samples. We would also like to thank Yan Crane, Alisha Johnson, and Jennifer Sanders for laboratory assistance and Sue Cambron, Dick Smith, and Max Gondek for greenhouse assistance. Andrew Michel, Paul Morton, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that helped improve an earlier version of this manuscript. Names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees, nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the names implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS 3602-22000-14D. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1316 DI 10.1603/EN10244 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500032 PM 22251741 ER PT J AU Shufran, KA AF Shufran, Kevin A. TI Host Race Evolution in Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Nuclear DNA Sequences SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotypes; cytochrome c; elongation factor 1-alpha; greenbug; host-plant resistance ID GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION; RESISTANCE GENES; ADAPTED RACES; PEA APHIDS; BIOTYPES; DIVERGENCE; SORGHUM AB The greenbug aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) was introduced into the United States in the late 1880s, and quickly was established as a pest of wheat, oat, and barley. Sorghum was also a host, but it was not until 1968 that greenbug became a serious pest of it as well. The most effective control method is the planting of resistant varieties; however, the occurrence of greenbug biotypes has hampered the development and use of plant resistance as a management technique. Until the 1990s, the evolutionary status of greenbug biotypes was obscure. Four mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes were previously identified, suggesting that S. graminum sensu lato was comprised of host-adapted races. To elucidate the current evolutionary and taxonomic status of the greenbug and its biotypes, two nuclear genes and introns were sequenced; cytochrome c (CytC) and elongation factor I-alpha (EF1-alpha). Phylogenetic analysis of CytC sequences were in complete agreement with COI sequences and demonstrated three distinct evolutionary lineages in S. graminum. EF1-alpha DNA sequences were in partial agreement with COI and CytC sequences, and demonstrated two distinct evolutionary lineages. Host-adapted races in greenbug are sympatric and appear reproductively isolated. Agricultural biotypes in S. graminum likely arose by genetic recombination via meiosis during sexual reproduction within host-races. The 1968 greenbug outbreak on sorghum was the result of the introduction of a host race adapted to sorghum, and not selection by host resistance genes in crops. C1 ARS, USDA, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Shufran, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM kashufran@aol.com NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1322 DI 10.1603/EN11103 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830LW UT WOS:000295659500033 PM 22251742 ER PT J AU Xie, CH Kang, J Chen, JR Lazarenko, OP Ferguson, ME Badger, TM Nagarajan, S Wu, XL AF Xie, Chenghui Kang, Jie Chen, Jin-Ran Lazarenko, Oxana P. Ferguson, Matthew E. Badger, Thomas M. Nagarajan, Shanmugam Wu, Xianli TI Lowbush blueberries inhibit scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A expression and attenuate foam cell formation in ApoE-deficient mice SO FOOD & FUNCTION LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE; CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MACROPHAGES; GAMMA AB Blueberries have recently been reported to reduce atherosclerotic lesion progression in apoE deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether lowbush blueberries altered scavenger receptor expression and foam cell formation in apoE(-/-) mice. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed AIN-93 diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried lowbush blueberries (BB) for 20 weeks. Gene expression and protein levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A in aorta and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) were lower in mice fed BB (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, apoE(-/-) mice were fed CD or BB for 5 weeks. PM were collected and cultured. Gene expression and protein levels of CD36 and SR-A were found to be lower in PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). In PM from BB fed mice, fewer oxLDL-induced foam cells were formed compared to those from mice fed CD. Gene expression and protein levels of PPAR gamma were lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). Detectable isomers of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) were also lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, BB inhibited expression of the two major scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A in PM of apoE(-/-) mice, at least in part through down-regulating PPAR gamma and reducing its endogenous ligands HODEs and HETEs. We proposed that BB mediated reduction of scavenger receptor expression and attenuation of oxLDL-induced foam cell formation in PM of apoE(-/-) mice are important mechanisms of the athero-protective effects of BB. C1 [Xie, Chenghui; Kang, Jie; Chen, Jin-Ran; Lazarenko, Oxana P.; Ferguson, Matthew E.; Badger, Thomas M.; Nagarajan, Shanmugam; Wu, Xianli] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Xie, Chenghui; Kang, Jie; Badger, Thomas M.; Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Chen, Jin-Ran; Lazarenko, Oxana P.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Nagarajan, Shanmugam] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Xie, CH (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM wuxianli@uams.edu FU USDA Agriculture Research Service CRIS [6251-51000-007-04s] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agriculture Research Service CRIS 6251-51000-007-04s NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-6496 EI 2042-650X J9 FOOD FUNCT JI Food Funct. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 2 IS 10 BP 588 EP 594 DI 10.1039/c1fo10136f PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA 833MG UT WOS:000295889000002 PM 21952555 ER PT J AU Weber, JG AF Weber, Jeremy G. TI How much more do growers receive for Fair Trade-organic coffee? SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fair Trade; Organic; Coffee; Premiums; Certification; Cooperatives ID ADOPTION; FARMERS AB I use a representative sample of coffee growing households in southern Mexico to estimate the price premium and gross income gain from participating in Fair Trade-organic markets through grower cooperatives. For the 2004-2005 season, FT-organic growers received an average premium of 12.8 cents per pound. yielding a gross income gain of 5% of total household income or about 26 dollars per household member. The gain is net of the costs of cooperative participation but not of other costs incurred to become certified and suggests that price premiums alone have a limited potential to increase household returns from growing coffee. More broadly speaking, the finding raises questions about the persistence of substantial price premiums associated with social or environmental labeling initiatives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ERS, USDA, RRED, FRHWB, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Weber, JG (reprint author), ERS, USDA, RRED, FRHWB, Room N4089,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jeweber@ers.usda.gov FU Rockefeller Foundation FX The data from Mexico used in this paper are from the survey project, "Fair Trade-Organic Coffee, Rural Development, and Migration from Southern Mexico," led by Josefina Aranda, Jessa Lewis, Tad Mutersbaugh, and David Runsten, and funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. I thank Brad Barham, Jean-Paul Chavas, Laura Schechter, Chris Tabor and participants at the UW-Madison Development Economics workshop. All errors are my responsibility. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 EI 1873-5657 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD OCT PY 2011 VL 36 IS 5 BP 678 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.05.007 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 830KT UT WOS:000295656600014 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Hughes, RF Mascaro, J Uowolo, AL Knapp, DE Jacobson, J Kennedy-Bowdoin, T Clark, JK AF Asner, Gregory P. Hughes, R. Flint Mascaro, Joseph Uowolo, Amanda L. Knapp, David E. Jacobson, James Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty Clark, John K. TI High-resolution carbon mapping on the million-hectare Island of Hawaii SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; FOREST AB Current markets and international agreements for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) rely on carbon (C) monitoring techniques. Combining field measurements, airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based observations, and satellite-based imagery, we developed a 30-meter-resolution map of aboveground C density spanning 40 vegetation types found on the million-hectare Island of Hawaii. We estimate a total of 28.3 teragrams of C sequestered in aboveground woody vegetation on the island, which is 56% lower than Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that do not resolve C variation at fine spatial scales. The approach reveals fundamental ecological controls over C storage, including climate, introduced species, and land-use change, and provides a fourfold decrease in regional costs of C measurement over field sampling alone. C1 [Asner, Gregory P.; Mascaro, Joseph; Knapp, David E.; Jacobson, James; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty; Clark, John K.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Hughes, R. Flint; Uowolo, Amanda L.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank I Joaquin, M Joaquin, R Loo, A Cortes Jr, T Gaoteote, L Nakagawa, and G Sanchez for assistance with field-plot data collection. We also thank Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and the Hawaii State Division of Forestry and Wildlife for site access. This study was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the WM Keck Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and William Hearst III. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 9 IS 8 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1890/100179 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833UR UT WOS:000295910900017 ER PT J AU Falk, DA Heyerdahl, EK Brown, PM Farris, C Fule, PZ McKenzie, D Swetnam, TW Taylor, AH Van Horne, ML AF Falk, Donald A. Heyerdahl, Emily K. Brown, Peter M. Farris, Calvin Fule, Peter Z. McKenzie, Donald Swetnam, Thomas W. Taylor, Alan H. Van Horne, Megan L. TI Multi-scale controls of historical forest-fire regimes: new insights from fire-scar networks SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; LOW-SEVERITY FIRE; UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL PROCESSES; NATIONAL-PARK; USA; CLIMATE; DISTURBANCE; WILDFIRE AB Anticipating future forest-fire regimes under changing climate requires that scientists and natural resource managers understand the factors that control fire across space and time. Fire scars - proxy records of fires, formed in the growth rings of long-lived trees - provide an annually accurate window into past low-severity fire regimes. In western North America, networks of the fire-scar records spanning centuries to millennia now include hundreds to thousands of trees sampled across hundreds to many thousands of hectares. Development of these local and regional fire-scar networks has created a new data type for ecologists interested in landscape and climate regulation of ecosystem processes - which, for example, may help to explain why forest fires are widespread during certain years but not others. These data also offer crucial reference information on fire as a dynamic landscape process for use in ecosystem management, especially when managing for forest structure and resilience to climate change. C1 [Falk, Donald A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Falk, Donald A.; Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Heyerdahl, Emily K.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Brown, Peter M.] Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Farris, Calvin] Natl Pk Serv, Klamath Falls, OR USA. [Fule, Peter Z.; Van Horne, Megan L.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA USA. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Van Horne, Megan L.] Canyonlands Consulting Serv LLC, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Falk, DA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dafalk@u.arizona.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 NR 51 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 9 IS 8 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1890/100052 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833UR UT WOS:000295910900019 ER PT J AU Niramitmahapanya, S Harris, SS Dawson-Hughes, B AF Niramitmahapanya, Sathit Harris, Susan S. Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Type of Dietary Fat Is Associated with the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3 Increment in Response to Vitamin D Supplementation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; SERUM; WOMEN; 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; CHOLECALCIFEROL; HEALTH; ADULTS AB Context: Mono- and polyunsaturated fats may have opposing effects on vitamin D absorption. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intakes of different dietary fats are associated with the increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) after supplementation with vitamin D-3. Design, Setting, and Participants: This analysis was conducted in the active treatment arm of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent bone loss and fracture. Subjects included 152 healthy men and women age 65 and older who were assigned to 700 IU/d vitamin D-3 and 500 mg/d calcium. Intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were estimated by food frequency questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure: The change in plasma 25OHD during 2 yr vitamin D and calcium supplementation was assessed. Results: The change in plasma 25OHD (nanograms per milliliter) during vitamin D supplementation was positively associated with MUFA, (beta = 0.94; P = 0.016), negatively associated with PUFA, (beta = -0.93; P = 0.038), and positively associated with the MUFA/PUFA ratio (beta = 6.46; P = 0.014). Conclusion: The fat composition of the diet may influence the 25OHD response to supplemental vitamin D-3. Diets rich in MUFA may improve and those rich in PUFA may reduce the effectiveness of vitamin D-3 supplements in healthy older adults. More studies are needed to confirm these findings. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96: 3170-3174, 2011) C1 [Niramitmahapanya, Sathit; Harris, Susan S.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AG10353]; Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University [58-1950-7-707] FX This study was supported by Grant AG10353 from the National Institutes of Health and by Contract 58-1950-7-707 with the Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. This article does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 96 IS 10 BP 3170 EP 3174 DI 10.1210/jc.2011-1518 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 833JC UT WOS:000295879600053 PM 21816779 ER PT J AU Ooi, EMM Watts, GF Sprecher, DL Chan, DC Barrett, PHR AF Ooi, Esther M. M. Watts, Gerald F. Sprecher, Dennis L. Chan, Dick C. Barrett, P. Hugh R. TI Mechanism of Action of a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-delta Agonist on Lipoprotein Metabolism in Dyslipidemic Subjects with Central Obesity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-II; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LDL SUBFRACTIONS AB Context: Dyslipidemia increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-delta agonists decrease plasma triglycerides and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in humans. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of GW501516, a PPAR-delta agonist, on lipoprotein metabolism. Design, Setting, and Intervention: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of 6-wk intervention periods with placebo or GW501516 (2.5 mg/d), with 2-wk placebo washout between treatment periods. Participants: We recruited 13 dyslipidemic men with central obesity from the general community. Main Outcome Measures: We measured the kinetics of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-, intermediate-density lipoprotein-, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, plasma apoC-III, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (LpA-I and LpA-I: A-II). Results: GW501516 decreased plasma triglycerides, fatty acid, apoB-100, and apoB-48 concentrations. GW501516 decreased the concentrations of VLDL-apoB by increasing its fractional catabolism and of apoC-III by decreasing its production rate (P < 0.05). GW501516 reduced VLDL-to-LDL conversion and LDL-apoB production. GW501516 increased HDL-cholesterol, apoA-II, and LpA-I: A-II concentrations by increasing apoA-II and LpA-I: A-II production (P < 0.05). GW501516 decreased cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, and this was paralleled by falls in the triglyceride content of VLDL, LDL, and HDL and the cholesterol content of VLDL and LDL. Conclusions: GW501516 increased the hepatic removal of VLDL particles, which might have resulted from decreased apoC-III concentration. GW501516 increased apoA-II production, resulting in an increased concentration of LpA-I: A-II particles. This study elucidates the mechanism of action of this PPAR-delta agonist on lipoprotein metabolism and supports its potential use in treating dyslipidemia in obesity. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96: E1568-E1576, 2011) C1 [Ooi, Esther M. M.; Watts, Gerald F.; Chan, Dick C.; Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Metab Res Ctr, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. [Ooi, Esther M. M.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sprecher, Dennis L.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Cardiovasc Urol Ctr Excellence Drug Discovery, Discovery Med, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. RP Barrett, PHR (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Metab Res Ctr, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. EM Hugh.Barrett@uwa.edu.au RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; Ooi, Esther/B-3257-2011 OI Ooi, Esther/0000-0002-2097-633X FU GlaxoSmithKline Australia; National Heart Foundation of Australia; Raine Medical Research Foundation; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) FX This work was supported by research grants from GlaxoSmithKline Australia, the National Heart Foundation of Australia, and the Raine Medical Research Foundation. E.M.M.O. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. P. H. R. B. is an NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. D. C. C. is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Award. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 96 IS 10 BP E1568 EP E1576 DI 10.1210/jc.2011-1131 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 833JC UT WOS:000295879600002 PM 21816786 ER PT J AU Stanhope, KL Bremer, AA Medici, V Nakajima, K Ito, Y Nakano, T Chen, GX Fong, TH Lee, V Menorca, RI Keim, NL Havel, PJ AF Stanhope, Kimber L. Bremer, Andrew A. Medici, Valentina Nakajima, Katsuyuki Ito, Yasuki Nakano, Takamitsu Chen, Guoxia Fong, Tak Hou Lee, Vivien Menorca, Roseanne I. Keim, Nancy L. Havel, Peter J. TI Consumption of Fructose and High Fructose Corn Syrup Increase Postprandial Triglycerides, LDL-Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein-B in Young Men and Women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES; SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; NORMAL DIETARY CONSUMPTION; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES; HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-LIPIDS; RISK-FACTORS; AGED ADULTS; FATTY LIVER AB Context: The American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommends women and men consume no more than 100 and 150 kcal of added sugar per day, respectively, whereas the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, suggests a maximal added sugar intake of 25% or less of total energy. Objective: To address this discrepancy, we compared the effects of consuming glucose, fructose, or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) at 25% of energy requirements (E) on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Participants, Design and Setting, and Intervention: Forty-eight adults (aged 18-40 yr; body mass index 18-35 kg/m(2)) resided at the Clinical Research Center for 3.5 d of baseline testing while consuming energy-balanced diets containing 55% E complex carbohydrate. For 12 outpatient days, they consumed usual ad libitum diets along with three servings per day of glucose, fructose, or HFCS-sweetened beverages (n = 16/group), which provided 25% E requirements. Subjects then consumed energy-balanced diets containing 25% E sugar-sweetened beverages/30% E complex carbohydrate during 3.5 d of inpatient intervention testing. Main Outcome Measures: Twenty-four-hour triglyceride area under the curve, fasting plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations were measured. Results: Twenty-four-hour triglyceride area under the curve was increased compared with baseline during consumption of fructose (+4.7 +/- 1.2 mmol/liter x 24 h, P = 0.0032) and HFCS (+1.8 +/- 1.4 mmol/liter x 24 h, P = 0.035) but not glucose (-1.9 +/- 0.9 mmol/liter x 24 h, P = 0.14). Fasting LDL and apoB concentrations were increased during consumption of fructose (LDL: +0.29 +/- 0.082 mmol/liter, P = 0.0023; apoB: +0.093 +/- 0.022 g/liter, P = 0.0005) and HFCS (LDL: +0.42 +/- 0.11 mmol/liter, P < 0.0001; apoB: +0.12 +/- 0.031 g/liter, P < 0.0001) but not glucose (LDL: +0.012 +/- 0.071 mmol/liter, P = 0.86; apoB: +0.0097 +/- 0.019 g/liter, P = 0.90). Conclusions: Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages for 2 wk at 25% E increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease comparably with fructose and more than glucose in young adults. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96: E1596-E1605, 2011) C1 [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Chen, Guoxia; Fong, Tak Hou; Lee, Vivien; Menorca, Roseanne I.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Keim, Nancy L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bremer, Andrew A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Medici, Valentina] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keim, Nancy L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bremer, Andrew A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. [Nakajima, Katsuyuki] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Nakano, Takamitsu] Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Div Diagnost, Tokyo 1018535, Japan. [Ito, Yasuki] Denka Seiken Co Ltd, Tokyo 1030025, Japan. RP Stanhope, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM klstanhope@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [1R01 HL09133]; National Center for Research Resources, a component of the NIH [UL1 RR024146]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant 1R01 HL09133. The project also received support from Grant UL1 RR024146 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. NR 40 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 51 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 96 IS 10 BP E1596 EP E1605 DI 10.1210/jc.2011-1251 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 833JC UT WOS:000295879600005 PM 21849529 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, M Buehlmann, U Schuler, A Crissey, J AF Bumgardner, Matthew Buehlmann, Urs Schuler, Albert Crissey, Jeff TI Competitive Actions of Small Firms in a Declining Market SO JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RECESSION; RETRENCHMENT; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES; INDUSTRY; SIZE AB Small firms, through their flexibility advantages and closeness to customers, potentially can increase their sales volume in economic downturns. The decline in U.S. housing construction (beginning in 2006) provided an opportunity to develop and test four hypotheses predicting the attributes and marketing actions associated with successful companies supplying housing markets. Smaller firms and those producing made-to-order products were most likely to have realized increased sales volume. These successful firms were not engaged in several marketing actions hypothesized to increase sales volume in a declining market. Small firm competitiveness was based more on working closely with customers to produce fully customized products. C1 [Bumgardner, Matthew; Schuler, Albert] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Buehlmann, Urs] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bumgardner, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbumgardner@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0047-2778 J9 J SMALL BUS MANAGE JI J. Small Bus. Manag. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 49 IS 4 BP 578 EP 598 DI 10.1111/j.1540-627X.2011.00337.x PG 21 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 826EQ UT WOS:000295334800004 ER PT J AU Radley-Crabb, HG Grounds, MD Fiorotto, ML AF Radley-Crabb, H. G. Grounds, M. D. Fiorotto, M. L. TI A comparison of metabolism and protein synthesis rates in young and adult dystrophic mdx and control C57Bl/10 mice SO NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International Congress of the World-Muscle-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2011 CL Algarve, PORTUGAL SP World Muscle Soc C1 [Radley-Crabb, H. G.; Grounds, M. D.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Fiorotto, M. L.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-8966 J9 NEUROMUSCULAR DISORD JI Neuromusc. Disord. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 21 IS 9-10 BP 649 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.06.786 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 834JP UT WOS:000295955900035 ER PT J AU Bubier, JL Smith, R Juutinen, S Moore, TR Minocha, R Long, S Minocha, S AF Bubier, Jill L. Smith, Rose Juutinen, Sari Moore, Tim R. Minocha, Rakesh Long, Stephanie Minocha, Subhash TI Effects of nutrient addition on leaf chemistry, morphology, and photosynthetic capacity of three bog shrubs SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE N deposition; Nutrient use efficiency; Amino acids; Ammonium toxicity; Peatland; Polyamines ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; HARVARD FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; USE EFFICIENCY; ARCTIC PLANTS; UNITED-STATES AB Plants in nutrient-poor environments typically have low foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations, long-lived tissues with leaf traits designed to use nutrients efficiently, and low rates of photosynthesis. We postulated that increasing N availability due to atmospheric deposition would increase photosynthetic capacity, foliar N, and specific leaf area (SLA) of bog shrubs. We measured photosynthesis, foliar chemistry and leaf morphology in three ericaceous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtilloides, Ledum groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata) in a long-term fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, with a background deposition of 0.8 g N m(-2) a(-1). While biomass and chlorophyll concentrations increased in the highest nutrient treatment for C. calyculata, we found no change in the rates of light-saturated photosynthesis (A(max)), carboxylation (V-cmax), or SLA with nutrient (N with and without PK) addition, with the exception of a weak positive correlation between foliar N and A(max) for C. calyculata, and higher V-cmax in L. groenlandicum with low nutrient addition. We found negative correlations between photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and foliar N, accompanied by a species-specific increase in one or more amino acids, which may be a sign of excess N availability and/or a mechanism to reduce ammonium (NH4) toxicity. We also observed a decrease in foliar soluble Ca and Mg concentrations, essential minerals for plant growth, but no change in polyamines, indicators of physiological stress under conditions of high N accumulation. These results suggest that plants adapted to low-nutrient environments do not shift their resource allocation to photosynthetic processes, even after reaching N sufficiency, but instead store the excess N in organic compounds for future use. In the long term, bog species may not be able to take advantage of elevated nutrients, resulting in them being replaced by species that are better adapted to a higher nutrient environment. C1 [Bubier, Jill L.; Smith, Rose; Juutinen, Sari] Mt Holyoke Coll, Environm Studies Program, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Moore, Tim R.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Global Environm & Climate Change Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Minocha, Subhash] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bubier, JL (reprint author), Mt Holyoke Coll, Environm Studies Program, 50 Coll St, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. EM jbubier@mtholyoke.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0346625]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station FX We appreciate the support from a National Science Foundation award (DEB 0346625) to Jill Bubier, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute research fellowship to Rose Smith, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council discovery grants to Tim Moore, and thank the National Capital Commission for access to Mer Bleue Bog. This article was also supported by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station and is scientific contribution no. 2426 from the NHAES. We thank Elyn Humphreys for sharing microclimate data and providing laboratory facilities at Carleton University, and Leszek Bledzki, Lisa Brunie, Mike Dalva, Meaghan Murphy, Nigel Roulet, and Paliza Shrestha for assistance in the Weld and laboratory work at Mount Holyoke College and McGill University. We thank George Cobb, Martha Hoopes, Aaron Ellison and Kevin Griffin for valuable discussions at various stages of this work. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 94 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2011 VL 167 IS 2 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 834SN UT WOS:000295984500006 PM 21544572 ER PT J AU Davies, KW AF Davies, Kirk W. TI Plant community diversity and native plant abundance decline with increasing abundance of an exotic annual grass SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Conservation; Invasive plants; Medusahead; Species richness; Sagebrush ID INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS; SAGE-GROUSE; INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; GREAT-BASIN; FIRE; IMPACTS AB Exotic plants are generally considered a serious problem in wildlands around the globe. However, some argue that the impacts of exotic plants have been exaggerated and that biodiversity and other important plant community characteristics are commonly improved with invasion. Thus, disagreement exists among ecologists as to the relationship of exotic plants with biodiversity and native plant communities. A better understanding of the relationships between exotic plants and native plant communities is needed to improve funding allocation and legislation regarding exotic plants, and justify and prioritize invasion management. To evaluate these relationships, 65 shrub-bunchgrass plant communities with varying densities of an exotic annual grass, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski (medusahead), were sampled across 160,000 ha in southeastern Oregon, United States. Environmental factors were generally not correlated with plant community characteristics when exotic annual grass density was included in models. Plant diversity and species richness were negatively correlated with exotic annual grass density. Exotic annual grass density explained 62% of the variation in plant diversity. All native plant functional groups, except annual forbs, exhibited a negative relationship with T. caput-medusae. The results of this study suggest that T. caput-medusae invasions probably have substantial negative impacts on biodiversity and native plant communities. The strength of the relationships between plant community characteristics and T. caput-medusae density suggests that some exotic plants are a major force of change in plant communities and subsequently threaten ecosystem functions and processes. However, experimental studies are needed to fully substantiate that annual grass invasion is the cause of these observed correlations. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX The author appreciated Dr. Bruce Mackey's (Area Statistician) assistance with the statistical analyses. Data collection by Shawna Lang, Matthew Coffman, Josh Monson, Eric Hough, Julie Garner, Tate Walters, Elaine Cramer, Carrie Cimo, Ryan Morgan, Jen Trenary, and Aleta Nafus was greatly appreciated. The author also thanks the Burns and Vale Bureau of Land Management for allowing this research project to occur on lands they administer. Reviews of the manuscript by Jeremy James, Matt Rinella, Chad Boyd, Dustin Johnson, and Derek Allen were greatly appreciated. Thoughtful reviews and constructive criticisms by Dr. Bryan Foster and anonymous reviewers were greatly valued. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. These experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. NR 64 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 14 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2011 VL 167 IS 2 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1992-2 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 834SN UT WOS:000295984500017 PM 21509533 ER PT J AU Leffler, AJ Monaco, TA James, JJ AF Leffler, A. J. Monaco, T. A. James, J. J. TI Nitrogen acquisition by annual and perennial grass seedlings: testing the roles of performance and plasticity to explain plant invasion SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cheatgrass; Bromus tectorum; Exotic plant species; Intermountain West; Medusahead; Nitrate uptake; Phenotypic plasticity; Taeniatherum caput-medusae ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; GREAT-BASIN; GROWTH-RATE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; SEED-GERMINATION; ELYMUS-ELYMOIDES; ROOT RESPONSES AB Differences in resource acquisition between native and exotic plants is one hypothesis to explain invasive plant success. Mechanisms include greater resource acquisition rates and greater plasticity in resource acquisition by invasive exotic species compared to non-invasive natives. We assess the support for these mechanisms by comparing nitrate acquisition and growth of invasive annual and perennial grass seedlings in western North America. Two invasive exotic grasses (Bromus tectorum and Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and three perennial native and exotic grasses (Pseudoroegneria spicata, Elymus elymoides, and Agropyron cristatum) were grown at various temperatures typical of autumn and springtime when resource are abundant and dominance is determined by rapid growth and acquisition of resources. Bromus tectorum and perennial grasses had similar rates of nitrate acquisition at low temperature, but acquisition by B. tectorum significantly exceeded perennial grasses at higher temperature. Consequently, B. tectorum had the highest acquisition plasticity, showcasing its ability to take advantage of transient warm periods in autumn and spring. Nitrate acquisition by perennial grasses was limited either by root production or rate of acquisition per unit root mass, suggesting a trade-off between nutrient acquisition and allocation of growth to structural tissues. Our results indicate the importance of plasticity in resource acquisition when temperatures are warm such as following autumn emergence by B. tectorum. Highly flexible and opportunistic nitrate acquisition appears to be a mechanism whereby invasive annual grasses exploit soil nitrogen that perennials cannot use. C1 [Leffler, A. J.; Monaco, T. A.] ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [James, J. J.] ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Leffler, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM josh.leffler@usu.edu NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 212 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1611 DI 10.1007/s11258-011-9933-z PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 834SG UT WOS:000295983700003 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH AF Skaggs, Todd H. TI Assessment of critical path analyses of the relationship between permeability and electrical conductivity of pore networks SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Critical path analysis; Pore network model ID FRACTAL POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PERCOLATION THEORY; WATER-RETENTION; RESISTOR NETWORKS; WIDE DISTRIBUTION; HANFORD SITE; MODEL; ROCK; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Critical path analysis (CPA) is a method for estimating macroscopic transport coefficients of heterogeneous materials that are highly disordered at the micro-scale. Developed originally to model conduction in semiconductors, numerous researchers have noted that CPA might also have relevance to flow and transport processes in porous media. However, the results of several numerical investigations of critical path analysis on pore network models raise questions about the applicability of CPA to porous media. Among other things, these studies found that (i) in well-connected 3D networks, CPA predictions were inaccurate and became worse when heterogeneity was increased; and (ii) CPA could not fully explain the transport properties of 2D networks. To better understand the applicability of CPA to porous media, we made numerical computations of permeability and electrical conductivity on 2D and 3D networks with differing pore-size distributions and geometries. A new CPA model for the relationship between the permeability and electrical conductivity was found to be in good agreement with numerical data, and to be a significant improvement over a classical CPA model. In sufficiently disordered 3D networks, the new CPA prediction was within +/- 20% of the true value, and was nearly optimal in terms of minimizing the squared prediction errors across differing network configurations. The agreement of CPA predictions with 2D network computations was similarly good, although 2D networks are in general not well-suited for evaluating CPA. Numerical transport coefficients derived for regular 3D networks of slit-shaped pores were found to be in better agreement with experimental data from rock samples than were coefficients derived for networks of cylindrical pores. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Todd.Skaggs@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1335 EP 1342 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.06.010 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 831BB UT WOS:000295702600012 ER PT J AU Small, CJ Chamberlain, JL Mathews, DS AF Small, Christine J. Chamberlain, James L. Mathews, Derrick S. TI Recovery of Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) Following Experimental Harvests SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION RECOVERY; SOIL; FOREST; GOLDENSEAL; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; PRODUCTS; USA AB Since European colonization and subsequent commercialization of Appalachian medicinal and edible plants, millions of kilograms of plant material have been extracted from our forests, with little effort to manage these species as natural resources. Roots and rhizomes of black cohosh, a native Appalachian forest herb, are extensively harvested for treatment of menopausal symptoms. As nearly all cohosh sold commercially is collected from natural populations, the potential for harvest impacts is considerable. To better understand wild-harvest impacts and the likelihood of post-harvest recovery, we studied the effects of 2 to 4 y of experimental harvest on natural black cohosh populations in the George Washington-Jefferson National Forest in southwest Virginia. After 2 to 3 y of intense harvest (66% plant removal), we found significant reductions in foliage area, stem production, and mean and maximum plant height. The effects of moderately intense harvest (33%) were less clear, producing growth measures between, yet not significantly different from, control (non-harvest) and intensively harvested plots. After three successive years of experimental harvest, harvest treatments were terminated to assess population regrowth. Populations experiencing intensive harvest showed no evidence of recovery after 1 y. Results suggest that black cohosh is highly responsive to harvest intensity and that low to moderate harvest intensities and/or longer recovery periods will be necessary for prolonged and sustainable harvests at our study site. While this study has increased our understanding of harvest impacts on black cohosh, continued assessment is needed to determine the sustainability of low to moderate harvest levels and minimum recovery periods necessary for population reestablishment. C1 [Small, Christine J.; Mathews, Derrick S.] Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. [Chamberlain, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Small, CJ (reprint author), Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. EM cjsmall@radford.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 166 IS 2 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 830FC UT WOS:000295641900008 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Wang, X Chen, F Huang, GH AF Dailey, Oliver D., Jr. Wang, Xi Chen, Feng Huang, Guohui TI Anticancer Activity of Branched-chain Derivatives of Oleic Acid SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Branched-chain fatty acids; anticancer; antitumor; human breast cancer; human colon cancer; HT-29; MCF-7 ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; FATTY-ACID; METHYL OLEATE; COLON-CANCER; GROWTH; OIL; INHIBITION; APOPTOSIS AB Background: A number of unsaturated fatty acids and a few saturated branched-chain fatty acids have been reported to exhibit anticancer activity. Materials and Methods: In previously reported research, several novel branched-chain derivatives (methyl, n-butyl, phenyl) of methyl oleate were produced by bromination in the allylic position and subsequent treatment with organocuprate reagents. These compounds and their free acid counterparts were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activities against two cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (human breast) and HT-29 (human colon). In addition, two sets of isomeric tertiary alcohols obtained as side-products in the synthesis of the branched-chain derivatives were evaluated. Testing was performed at three concentration levels (50, 100, and 200 ppm) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Results: The greatest growth inhibitory activity was exhibited by the branched phenyl derivative of oleic acid, with IC(50) at 48 ppm against both MCF-7 and HT-29. The branched n-butyl derivative of oleic acid also exhibited significant antiproliferative activity, with IC(50) at 82 ppm against MCF-7 and 77 ppm against HT-29. Conclusion: The observed potent anticancer activity of the n-butyl and phenyl derivatives indicates that certain synthetic branched-chain unsaturated fatty acids have potential in the treatment of cancer and further research is warranted. C1 [Dailey, Oliver D., Jr.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Wang, Xi; Chen, Feng] Clemson Univ, Dept Food Nutr & Packaging Sci, Clemson, SC USA. [Huang, Guohui] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Dailey, OD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Oliver.Dailey@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Inc. FX We thank Thomas Klasson (USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center) for assistance in preparation of the manuscript. We also thank Cotton Inc. for financial support. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 31 IS 10 BP 3165 EP 3169 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 830PA UT WOS:000295667700008 PM 21965723 ER PT J AU Yan, L Demars, LC AF Yan, Lin Demars, Lana C. TI Effects of Non-motorized Voluntary Running on Experimental and Spontaneous Metastasis in Mice SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Voluntary running; metastasis; cytokines; mice ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; COLORECTAL-CANCER RISK; LEWIS LUNG-CARCINOMA; BREAST-CANCER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; CELLULAR PROCESSES; TUMOR-METASTASIS; EXERCISE AB The present study investigated the effects of non-motorized voluntary running on experimental metastasis of B16BL/6 melanoma and spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in male C57BL/6 mice. After 9 weeks of running, mice (n=30 per group) received an intravenous injection of B16BL/6 cells or a subcutaneous injection of LLC cells, and then they were continued with their running activities. Experiments were terminated 2 weeks after the intravenous injection of B16BL/6 cells or 2 weeks after surgical removal of the primary tumor from mice subcutaneously injected with LLC cells. Mice in the running group ran an average of 4-6 km/day for the duration of the experiment. Voluntary running reduced body weight compared with the sedentary controls, but there were no differences in the number and size of lung metastases between groups with either model. Voluntary running significantly reduced plasma insulin and leptin levels and increased adiponectin level in mice with and without LLC compared with the sedentary controls. Having LLC significantly increased plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), PDGF-AB and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in mice. Voluntary running significantly increased plasma PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, but not VEGF and MCP-1, in mice with LLC compared to their sedentary counterparts. In conclusion, non-motorized voluntary running was favorable, to body weight and the expression of related adipokines, but at 4-6 km/day it did not affect either experimental or spontaneous metastasis in mice. C1 [Yan, Lin; Demars, Lana C.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lin.yan@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS [5450-51000-036-00D] FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Research project 5450-51000-036-00D. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 31 IS 10 BP 3337 EP 3344 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 830PA UT WOS:000295667700029 PM 21965744 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Gleisner, R Scott, C Luo, XL Tian, S AF Zhu, J. Y. Gleisner, R. Scott, Ct. Luo, X. L. Tian, S. TI High titer ethanol production from simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of aspen at high solids: A comparison between SPORL and dilute acid pretreatments SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE (Woody) Biomass; Pretreatment; High solids; Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF); Cellulosic ethanol titer ID LODGEPOLE PINE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OVERCOME RECALCITRANCE; SULFITE PRETREATMENT; CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; LIGNOCELLULOSE; INHIBITION; EFFICIENCY; SUBSTRATE AB Native aspen (Populus tremuloides) was pretreated using sulfuric acid and sodium bisulfite (SPORL) and dilute sulfuric acid alone (DA). Simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted at 18% solids using commercial enzymes with cellulase loadings ranging from 6 to 15 FPU/g glucan and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5. Compared with DA pretreatment, the SPORL pretreatment reduced the energy required for wood chip size-reduction, and reduced mixing energy of the resultant substrate for solid liquefaction. Approximately 60% more ethanol was produced from the solid SPORL substrate (211 L/ton wood at 59 g/L with SSF efficiency of 76%) than from the solid DA substrate (133 L/ton wood at 35 g/L with SSF efficiency 47%) at a cellulase loading of 10 FPU/g glucan after 120 h. When the cellulase loading was increased to 15 FPU/g glucan on the DA substrate, the ethanol yield still remained lower than the SPORL substrate at 10 FPU/g glucan. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, R.; Scott, Ct.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Luo, X. L.] S China Univ Technol, Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Tian, S.] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us FU Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB); USFS-FPL; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China; USFS FX We acknowledge Diane Dietrich of US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (USFS-FPL) for carrying out the many careful analyses of ethanol in fermentation broth samples, and Fred Matt (USFS-FPL) for carbohydrate composition analysis of the solid substrates. The USFS Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB, 2009) provided financial support to Luo for his visiting appointments at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and USFS-FPL. The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China and USFS provided financial support to Tian for her visiting appointment at USFS-FPL. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 102 IS 19 BP 8921 EP 8929 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.047 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 826HR UT WOS:000295345700027 PM 21824766 ER PT J AU Sarath, G Dien, B Saathoff, AJ Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Chen, H AF Sarath, Gautam Dien, Bruce Saathoff, Aaron J. Vogel, Kenneth P. Mitchell, Robert B. Chen, Han TI Ethanol yields and cell wall properties in divergently bred switchgrass genotypes SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; Divergent breeding; Cell wall; Ethanol; Structure ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; LIGNIN CONTENT; TALL FESCUE; DIGESTIBILITY; RECALCITRANCE; DEGRADABILITY; ACCESSIBILITY; EXPRESSION; CONVERSION AB Genetic modification of herbaceous plant cell walls to increase biofuels yields is a primary bioenergy research goal. Using two switchgrass populations developed by divergent breeding for ruminant digestibility, the contributions of several wall-related factors to ethanol yields was evaluated. Field grown low lignin plants significantly out yielded high lignin plants for conversion to ethanol by 39.1% and extraction of xylans by 12%. However, across all plants analyzed, greater than 50% of the variation in ethanol yields was attributable to changes in tissue and cell wall architecture, and responses of stem biomass to dilute-acid pretreatment. Although lignin levels were lower in the most efficiently converted genotypes, no apparent correlation were seen in the lignin monomer G/S ratios. Plants with higher ethanol yields were associated with an apparent decrease in the lignification of the cortical sclerenchyma, and a marked decrease in the granularity of the cell walls following dilute-acid pretreatment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, USDA Cent E Reg Biomass Ctr, UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dien, Bruce] USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Chen, Han] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, USDA Cent E Reg Biomass Ctr, UNL, 137 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gautam.Sarath@ars.usda.gov; Bruce.Dien@ars.usda.gov; Aaron.Saathoff@ars.usda.gov; Ken.Vogel@ars.usda.gov; Rob.Mitchell@ars.usda.gov; Hchen3@unlnotes.unl.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5440-21000-028-00D]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-AI02-09ER64829] FX We thank Nathan Palmer, Patricia O'Bryan Steve Masterson, Patrick Callahan and Kevin Grams for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 5440-21000-028-00D. A.J.S. was supported in part by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-AI02-09ER64829. The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 102 IS 20 BP 9579 EP 9585 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.086 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 830MQ UT WOS:000295661500033 PM 21856152 ER PT J AU He, JJ Dougherty, M Zellmer, R Martin, G AF He, Jiajie Dougherty, Mark Zellmer, Richard Martin, George TI Assessing the Status of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems in the Alabama Black Belt Soil Area SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GIS; natural system suitability; public sanitation; rural area; septic system ID SEPTIC-TANK; COMMUNITY; POLLUTION AB This study for the first time evaluated the soil suitability for onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) within the Alabama Black Belt region and assessed the current status of those OWTS within this area. A local OWTS soil suitability rating system was developed based on current Alabama OWTS regulations and was compared with the existing nationwide Natural Resources Conservation Service soil limitation rating system based on their soil assessment results over the study area. Both rating systems indicate that a large percentage (52%-89%) of land within the study area should not be recommended for conventional OWTS. However, OWTS are widely used and aging in this region. Raster-based OWTS-soil suitability rating system results and US Census-derived demographics were combined in a GIS to prioritize the study area in terms of potential public health threat from OWTS. Although the results lack field verification, two parallel strategies to limit the public health risk from OWTS malfunction are suggested: to extend municipal sewer service to high-risk city fringe areas and to subsidize system retrofit, repair, or replacement of aged OWTS with alternative engineered systems for rural households. Although this study only focused on the Alabama Black Belt area, the presented GIS and demographic methods can be referenced by other regions for similar OWTS assessment purposes. C1 [He, Jiajie; Dougherty, Mark] Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Zellmer, Richard] ARS, Auburn, AL USA. [Martin, George] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. RP He, JJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM hejiajie2000@hotmail.com RI He, Jiajie/I-7753-2012 FU Alabama Agricultural Land Grant Alliance (AALGA) FX This research was funded by Alabama Agricultural Land Grant Alliance (AALGA). The Departments of Biosystems Engineering and Civil Engineering at Auburn University also provided the convenience for this research. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 28 IS 10 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1089/ees.2011.0047 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 832SV UT WOS:000295828600003 ER PT J AU Martinez, JRM Machuca, MH Diaz, RZ Silva, FRY Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Molina Martinez, Juan Ramon Herrera Machuca, Miguel Zamora Diaz, Ricardo Rodriguez y Silva, Francisco Gonzalez-Caban, Armando TI Economic losses to Iberian swine production from forest fires SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Fire effects; Fire intensity; Grass valuation; Pig feeding grounds; Swine production ID MEDITERRANEAN HOLM OAK; ACORN PRODUCTION; SPAIN; REGENERATION; WEATHER; DEHESAS; FLORIDA; YIELDS AB Most forestry property in Andalusia is privately held. One of the most important possibilities for economic development of rural areas is the use of pasture lands (dehesa in Spanish). During the spring-summer season, swine grazing takes advantage of grasses between the trees, and during winter (harsher times), they use Quercus tree fruit. Swine production has a direct economic impact on the rural areas' activities. Wildfires are the most significant disturbance in the Mediterranean ecosystems therefore; it is important to study the potential negative impact of wildfires on the swine resource. The public sector is responsible for the application and valuation of policies or activities creating wealth in forest areas while protecting the environment and preventing greater impacts and damages. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gonzalez-Caban, Armando] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Molina Martinez, Juan Ramon; Herrera Machuca, Miguel; Zamora Diaz, Ricardo; Rodriguez y Silva, Francisco] Univ Cordoba, Dept Forest Engn, Cordoba 14071, Spain. RP Gonzalez-Caban, A (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM o92momaj@uco.es; mc1heman@uco.es; ig1zadir@uco.es; ir1rosif@uco.es; agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us RI MOLINA MARTINEZ, JUAN RAMON/K-8225-2014; Rodriguez y Silva, Francisco/M-2829-2014; HERRERA MACHUCA, MIGUEL ANGEL/M-3048-2014; OI HERRERA MACHUCA, MIGUEL ANGEL/0000-0002-1663-1750; Rodriguez y Silva, Francisco/0000-0002-9368-4688 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 8 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2011.07.011 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 830OG UT WOS:000295665700003 ER PT J AU Nascimento, MCMO Matsubara, BB Matsubara, LS Correa, CR Pereira, EJ Moreira, PL Carvalho, FA Burini, CH Padovani, CR Yeum, KJ Ferreira, ALA AF Nascimento, Maria Carolina M. O. Matsubara, Beatriz B. Matsubara, Luiz S. Correa, Camila R. Pereira, Elenize J. Moreira, Priscila L. Carvalho, Flavio A. Burini, Caio H. Padovani, Carlos R. Yeum, Kyung-Jin Ferreira, Ana Lucia A. TI Pharmacological dose of alpha-tocopherol induces cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats determined by echocardiography and histology SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; cardiotoxicity; rat; Doppler-echocardiogram ID DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MEDIATED PEROXIDATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; E CONSUMPTION; ADRIAMYCIN; ANTIOXIDANT; FAILURE; RISK AB The effect of pharmacological dose of cc-tocopherol on heart health was determined in Wistar rats. Animals were randomly assigned to either C (control, n = II) or E (cc-tocopherol, n = II) group. Animals received corn oil (C) or alpha-tocopherol dissolved in corn oil (250 mg alpha-tocopherol/[kg body wt/day]) (E) by gavage for a 7-week period. Rats underwent echocardiogram and were analyzed for cardiomyocyte histology and cardiac cc-tocopherol absorption at the end of the study period. As compared to the C group, alpha-tocopherol-supplemented group showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower body weight (E, 412.8 g vs C, 480.3 g) and total cardiac weight (E, 0.94 g vs C, 1.08 g); cardiomyocyte histological impairment; smaller left ventricle (LV) (LV end-diastolic diameter (E, 7.22 mm vs C, 7.37 mm), lower LV systolic [left ventricle fractional shortening (E, 47.6% vs C, 53.6%) and ejection fraction ratio (E, 85.4 vs C, 89.9)] and diastolic [early peak velocities of diastolic transmitral flow (E, 64.6 cm/sec vs C, 75.1 cm/sec)] function. The alpha-tocopherol uptake in target tissue was confirmed by determination of alpha-tocopherol concentration medians in cardiac tissue (E, 109.91 nmol/kg vs C, 52.09 nmol/kg). The current study indicates that pharmacological dose of alpha-tocopherol supplementation can induce cardiotoxicity in healthy rats. C1 [Nascimento, Maria Carolina M. O.; Matsubara, Beatriz B.; Matsubara, Luiz S.; Correa, Camila R.; Pereira, Elenize J.; Moreira, Priscila L.; Carvalho, Flavio A.; Ferreira, Ana Lucia A.] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Botucatu Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Burini, Caio H.] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Padovani, Carlos R.] Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biostat, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ferreira, ALA (reprint author), Fac Med Botucatu UNESP, Dept Clin Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. EM ferreira@fmb.unesp.br RI Matsubara, Luiz/D-5061-2009; Padovani, Carlos Roberto/A-3656-2013 OI Padovani, Carlos Roberto/0000-0002-7719-9682 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP [05/52571-5]; Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa, CNPq [PQ-II 301943/2007-9]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX This research was supported in part by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo grant, FAPESP # 05/52571-5 and by Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa grant, CNPq PQ-II # 301943/2007-9. M.C.M.O. Nascimento, a PhD student, was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES). NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1540 EP 1548 DI 10.1177/0960327110392401 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 832NR UT WOS:000295812200013 PM 21317166 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Bentz, BJ Powell, JA Gray, DR Vandygriff, JC AF Hansen, E. Matthew Bentz, Barbara J. Powell, James A. Gray, David R. Vandygriff, James C. TI Prepupal diapause and instar IV developmental rates of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diapause; Respirometry; Metabolism; Voltinism; Phenology model; Bark beetle ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; LIFE-CYCLES; LARVAL DIAPAUSE; MODEL; TEMPERATURES; HYMENOPTERA; SEASONALITY; UNIVOLTINE; INDUCTION; PHENOLOGY AB The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), is an important mortality agent of native spruces throughout North America. The life-cycle duration of this species varies from 1 to 3 years depending temperature. The univoltine cycle (one generation per year) is thought to maximize outbreak risk and accelerate host mortality in established outbreaks. Prepupal diapause is associated with the semivoltine cycle (one generation per 2 years) and we investigated thermal conditions that result in diapause induction. Preliminary experiments used respirometry in an attempt to distinguish the diapause state of experimental insects but the technique was apparently confounded by low respiration before and during pupation, regardless of diapause status. Therefore, diapause induction was deduced using developmental delays. The observed developmental response was not a "switch", with developmental delay either present or absent, but instead varied continuously. We found that temperatures <15 degrees C from instar Ill through mid-instar IV were associated with developmental delays beyond that expected from cool temperatures. Moreover, the duration of exposure to cool temperatures was important in determining the degree of developmental delay. Small, if any, delays were observed if the cumulative exposure to <15 degrees C was <20 d whereas >40 d cumulative exposure was associated with distinct developmental suppression. Intermediate exposure to cool temperatures resulted in minor developmental delays. We used our results to parameterize a maximum likelihood estimation model of temperature-dependent instar IV developmental rates, including the effect of diapause. This model can be included as part of a spruce beetle phenology model for predicting population dynamics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hansen, E. Matthew; Bentz, Barbara J.; Vandygriff, James C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Powell, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gray, David R.] Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM matthansen@fs.fed.us; bbentz@fs.fed.us; jim.powell@usu.edu; David.Gray@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; jvandygriff@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service FX We thank Ryan Bracewell for assisting with phloem sandwich observations and Dr. David Denlinger for help interpreting the impact of metamorphosis on insect metabolism. Dr. David Turner reviewed the statistical methods. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was funded by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service. The use of trade or firm names in this paper is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1347 EP 1357 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.06.011 PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 827MU UT WOS:000295433400004 PM 21740908 ER PT J AU Postnikova, OA Minakova, NY Boutanaev, AM Nemchinov, LG AF Postnikova, Olga A. Minakova, Natalia Y. Boutanaev, Alexander M. Nemchinov, Lev G. TI Clustering of Pathogen-Response Genes in the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMV; H3K27me3; heterologous EST mapping; clustering of defense-related genes ID CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; NEIGHBORING GENES; ATTACHMENT REGIONS; EPIGENETIC CONTROL; INFECTION; PLANTS; COEXPRESSION; MICROARRAYS; CHROMATIN AB Previously, we used heterologous expressed sequence tag (EST) mapping to generate a profile of 4 935 pathogen-response genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we performed a computer analysis of this profile, revealing 1 594 non-homologous clustered genes distributed among all A. thaliana chromosomes, whose co-regulation may be related to host responses to pathogens. To supplement computer data, we arbitrarily selected two clusters and analyzed their expression levels in A. thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and C24 during infection with the yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus CMV(Y). Ecotype Col-0 is susceptible to CMV(Y), whereas C24 contains the dominant resistance gene RCY1. Upon infection with CMV(Y), all clustered genes were significantly activated in the resistant ecotype C24. In addition, we demonstrated that posttranslational histone modifications associated with trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 are most likely involved in regulation of several cluster genes described in this study. Overall, our experiments indicated that pathogen-response genes in the genome of A. thaliana may be clustered and co-regulated. C1 [Postnikova, Olga A.; Nemchinov, Lev G.] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Postnikova, Olga A.; Minakova, Natalia Y.; Boutanaev, Alexander M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142292, Russia. RP Nemchinov, LG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lev.nemchinov@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We are grateful to Hideki Takahashi of Tohoku University, Japan for providing the CMV(Y) strain and RCY1-transformed lines. We thank Wesley Schonborn for critical reading of the manuscript and language editing. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 53 IS 10 BP 824 EP 834 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2011.01071.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 833JD UT WOS:000295879700005 PM 21806778 ER PT J AU Paul, L AF Paul, Ligi TI Diet, nutrition and telomere length SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Telomere length; Nutrition; Diet; Vitamins; DNA damage; DNA methylation ID INTRACELLULAR OXIDATIVE-STRESS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; MTHFR C677T POLYMORPHISM; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; DNA-DAMAGE; VITAMIN-D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AB The ends of human chromosomes are protected by DNA-protein complexes termed telomeres, which prevent the chromosomes from fusing with each other and from being recognized as a double-strand break by DNA repair proteins. Due to the incomplete replication of linear chromosomes by DNA polymerase, telomeric DNA shortens with repeated cell divisions until the telomeres reach a critical length, at which point the cells enter senescence. Telomere length is an indicator of biological aging, and dysfunction of telomeres is linked to age-related pathologies like cardiovascular disease, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. Telomere length has been shown to be positively associated with nutritional status in human and animal studies. Various nutrients influence telomere length potentially through mechanisms that reflect their role in cellular functions including inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA integrity, DNA methylation and activity of telomerase, the enzyme that adds the telomeric repeats to the ends of the newly synthesized DNA. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Paul, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Ligi.Paul_Pottenplackel@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-1950-7-707, 51520-008-04S] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) cooperative agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and 51520-008-04S. Any opinions, findings, conclusion or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 116 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 22 IS 10 BP 895 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.001 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 829TB UT WOS:000295606100001 PM 21429730 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Qiang, X Owsiany, K Zhang, S Thannhauser, TW Li, L AF Yang, Yong Qiang, Xu Owsiany, Katherine Zhang, Sheng Thannhauser, Theodore W. Li, Li TI Evaluation of Different Multidimensional LC-MS/MS Pipelines for Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-Based Proteomic Analysis of Potato Tubers in Response to Cold Storage SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multiple dimensional separation; OffGel; high pH RP; LC-MS/MS; potato tubers; quantitative proteomics; cold storage; iTRAQ; Q-TOF; shotgun ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRONG CATION-EXCHANGE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SEPARATION; PEPTIDES; STRESS AB Cold-induced sweetening in potato tubers is a costly problem for the food industry. To systematically identify the proteins associated with this process, we employed a comparative proteomics approach using isobaric, stable isotope coded labels to compare the proteomes of potato tubers after 0 and 5 months of storage at 5 degrees C. We evaluated both high pH reverse phase (hpRP) liquid chromatography (LC) and off-gel electrophoresis (OGE) as first dimension fractionation methods followed by nanoLC-MS/MS, using two high performance mass spectrometry platforms (Q-TOF and Orbitrap). We found that hpRP-LC consistently offered better resolution, reduced expression ratio compression, and a more MS-compatible workflow than OGE and consistently yielded more unique peptide/protein identifications and higher sequence coverage with better quantification. In this study, a total of 4463 potato proteins were identified, of which 46 showed differential expressions during potato tuber cold storage. Several key proteins important in controlling starch-sugar conversion, which leads to cold-induced sweetening, as well as other proteins that are potentially involved in this process, were identified. Our results suggest that the hpRP-RP shotgun approach is a feasible and practical workflow for discovering potential protein candidates in plant proteomic analysis. C1 [Yang, Yong; Qiang, Xu; Owsiany, Katherine; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Qiang, Xu] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Sheng] Cornell Univ, Inst Biotechnol & Life Sci Biotechnol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, 538 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM yy44@cornell.edu FU ARS CRIS [1907-21000-024-00D]; NSF [DBI-0606596] FX This work was supported by ARS CRIS Project No. 1907-21000-024-00D and by NSF DBI-0606596. The authors would like to thank Professor Jocelyn Rose, Mr. Kevin Howe and Mr. James McCardle for critical reading of this manuscript and helpful discussion and thank Dr. Lukas Muller's group for potato protein annotation. The authors have declared no conflict of interest. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 59 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4647 EP 4660 DI 10.1021/pr200455s PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 829RT UT WOS:000295602700024 PM 21842911 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 40 IS 10 BP 297 EP 297 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 830ZQ UT WOS:000295698800016 PM 22358204 ER PT J AU McNeill, DR Lin, PC Miller, MG Pistell, PJ de Souza-Pinto, NC Fishbein, KW Spencer, RG Liu, Y Pettan-Brewer, C Ladiges, WC Wilson, DM AF McNeill, Daniel R. Lin, Ping-Chang Miller, Marshall G. Pistell, Paul J. de Souza-Pinto, Nadja C. Fishbein, Kenneth W. Spencer, Richard G. Liu, Yie Pettan-Brewer, Christina Ladiges, Warren C. Wilson, David M., III TI XRCC1 haploinsufficiency in mice has little effect on aging, but adversely modifies exposure-dependent susceptibility SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; DNA-LIGASE-III; DAMAGE; DISEASE; PROTEIN; CANCER; MOUSE; GENE; POLYMORPHISMS AB Oxidative DNA damage plays a role in disease development and the aging process. A prominent participant in orchestrating the repair of oxidative DNA damage, particularly single-strand breaks, is the scaffold protein XRCC1. A series of chronological and biological aging parameters in XRCC1 heterozygous (HZ) mice were examined. HZ and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice exhibit a similar median lifespan of similar to 26 months and a nearly identical maximal life expectancy of similar to 37 months. However, a number of HZ animals (7 of 92) showed a propensity for abdominal organ rupture, which may stem from developmental abnormalities given the prominent role of XRCC1 in endoderm and mesoderm formation. For other end-points evaluated-weight, fat composition, blood chemistries, condition of major organs, tissues and relevant cell types, behavior, brain volume and function, and chromosome and telomere integrity-HZ mice exhibited by-and-large a normal phenotype. Treatment of animals with the alkylating agent azoxymethane resulted in both liver toxicity and an increased incidence of precancerous lesions in the colon of HZ mice. Our study indicates that XRCC1 haploinsufficiency in mammals has little effect on chronological longevity and many key biological markers of aging in the absence of environmental challenges, but may adversely affect normal animal development or increase disease susceptibility to a relevant genotoxic exposure. C1 [McNeill, Daniel R.; Liu, Yie; Wilson, David M., III] NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, IRP,Biomed Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Lin, Ping-Chang; Fishbein, Kenneth W.; Spencer, Richard G.] NIA, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, IRP,Biomed Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Miller, Marshall G.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pistell, Paul J.] Towson Univ, Dept Psychol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [de Souza-Pinto, Nadja C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Bioquim, Inst Quim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Pettan-Brewer, Christina; Ladiges, Warren C.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, IRP,Biomed Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM wladiges@u.washington.edu; wilsonda@mail.nih.gov RI Souza-Pinto, Nadja/C-3462-2013; 3, INCT/H-4497-2013; Redoxoma, Inct/H-9962-2013; OI Fishbein, Kenneth/0000-0002-6353-4603; Souza-Pinto, Nadja/0000-0003-4206-964X; Lin, Ping-Chang/0000-0003-0918-4072 FU National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R21ES016572] FX Funding for open access charge: Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R21ES016572 (to W.L.). NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 39 IS 18 BP 7992 EP 8004 DI 10.1093/nar/gkr280 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 830WC UT WOS:000295687700017 PM 21737425 ER PT J AU Biesalski, HK Aggett, PJ Anton, R Bernstein, PS Blumberg, J Heaney, RP Henry, J Nolan, JM Richardson, DP van Ommen, B Witkamp, RF Rijkers, GT Zollner, I AF Biesalski, Hans Konrad Aggett, Peter J. Anton, Robert Bernstein, Paul S. Blumberg, Jeffrey Heaney, Robert P. Henry, Jeya Nolan, John M. Richardson, David P. van Ommen, Ben Witkamp, Renger F. Rijkers, Ger T. Zoellner, Iris TI 26th Hohenheim Consensus Conference, September 11, 2010 Scientific substantiation of health claims: Evidence-based nutrition SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Nutrition; Clinical trials; Health claim; Micronutrients; Regulation ID BETA-CAROTENE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; GLYCEMIC INDEX; VITAMIN-E; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; LUNG-CANCER; RISK-FACTOR; BIOMARKERS; DAMAGE AB Objective: The objective was to define the term evidence based nutrition on the basis of expert discussions and scientific evidence. Methods and procedures: The method used is the established Hohenheim Consensus Conference. The term "Hohenheim Consensus Conference" defines conferences dealing with nutrition-related topics. The major aim of the conference is to review the state of the art of a given topic with experts from different areas (basic science, clinicians, epidemiologists, etc.). Based on eight to 12 questions, the experts discuss short answers and try to come to a consensus. A scientifically based text is formulated that justifies the consensus answer. To discuss the requirements for the scientific substantiation of claims, the 26th Hohenheim Consensus Conference gathered the views of many academic experts in the field of nutritional research and asked these experts to address the various aspects of a claims substantiation process and the possibilities and limitations of the different approaches. Results: The experts spent a day presenting and discussing their views and arrived at several consensus statements that can serve as guidance for bodies performing claims assessments in the framework of regulatory systems. Conclusion: The 26th Hohenheim Consensus Conference addresses some general aspects and describes the current scientific status from the point of view of six case studies to illustrate specific areas of scientific interest: carotenoids and vitamin A in relation to age-related macular degeneration, the quality of carbohydrates (as expressed by the glycemic index) in relation to health and well-being, probiotics in relation to intestinal and immune functions, micronutrient intake and maintenance of normal body functions, and food components with antioxidative properties and health benefits. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Biesalski, Hans Konrad] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. [Aggett, Peter J.] Univ Lancaster, Parbold, England. [Anton, Robert] Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. [Bernstein, Paul S.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Moran Eye Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Heaney, Robert P.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Henry, Jeya] Oxford Brookes Univ, Funct Food Ctr, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Nolan, John M.] Waterford Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Life Sci, MPRG, Waterford, Ireland. [Nolan, John M.] Whitfield Clin, Inst Vis Res, Waterford, Ireland. [Richardson, David P.] DPR Nutr Ltd, Surrey, England. [van Ommen, Ben] TNO, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. [Witkamp, Renger F.] Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Dept Pharmacol & Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Rijkers, Ger T.] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Rijkers, Ger T.] St Antonius Hosp, Lab Med Microbiol & Immunol, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Zoellner, Iris] Baden Wuerttemberg State Hlth Off, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Biesalski, HK (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, Garbenstr 30, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. EM biesal@uni-hohenheim.de OI Nolan, John/0000-0002-5503-7084; witkamp, renger/0000-0002-7935-8261 FU European Responsible Nutrition Alliance FX This work was financially supported by the European Responsible Nutrition Alliance. NR 79 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD OCT PY 2011 VL 27 IS 10 SU S BP S1 EP S20 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2011.04.002 PG 20 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DN UT WOS:000295862100001 PM 21700425 ER PT J AU Medeiros, FHV Souza, RM Medeiros, FCL Zhang, HM Wheeler, T Payton, P Ferro, HM Pare, PW AF Medeiros, Flavio H. V. Souza, Ricardo M. Medeiros, Fernanda C. L. Zhang, Huiming Wheeler, Terry Payton, Paxton Ferro, Henrique M. Pare, Paul W. TI Transcriptional profiling in cotton associated with Bacillus subtilis (UFLA285) induced biotic-stress tolerance SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; Induced systemic resistance (ISR); Proline induction; RT-PCR; Biological control ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DAMPING-OFF; SOIL; RHIZOBACTERIA; ACCUMULATION; INDUCTION; INFECTION; SEEDLINGS AB Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer disease resistance in many agricultural crops. In the case of Bacillus subtilis (UFLA285) isolated from the cotton producing state of Mato Grosso (Brazil), in addition to inducing foliar and root growth, disease resistance against damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani was observed. The aim of this cotton study was to identify gene transcriptional events altered with exposure to the PGPR strain UFLA285 in infected plants. Global gene transcription was profiled using a commercially-available cotton gene chip; cotton plants with and without UFLA285-seed treatment were infected with R. solani 9-days after planting and harvested on day14. Microarray data of stem tissue revealed 247 genes differentially regulated in infected plants, seed treated versus untreated with UFLA285. Transcripts encoding disease resistance proteins via jasmonate/ethylene signaling as well as osmotic regulation via proline synthesis genes were differentially expressed with UFLA285 induction. Consistent with transcriptional regulation, UFLA285 increased plant-proline accumulation and dry weight. This study has identified transcriptional changes in cotton, induced by the beneficial soil bacterium UFLA285 and associated with disease control. C1 [Zhang, Huiming; Pare, Paul W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Zhang, Huiming; Pare, Paul W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Medeiros, Flavio H. V.; Souza, Ricardo M.; Medeiros, Fernanda C. L.; Ferro, Henrique M.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Fitopatol, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Wheeler, Terry] TAES, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Payton, Paxton] USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Pare, PW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Paul.Pare@ttu.edu RI Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013; Zhang, Huiming/G-9083-2015 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X; FU Robert Welch Foundation [D-1478] FX Financial assistance was provided in part by a grant from the Robert Welch Foundation (D-1478) and comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript were provided by Dr. Huazhong Shi. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2011 VL 347 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-0852-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 829NR UT WOS:000295590200027 ER PT J AU Carrillo, Y Pendall, E Dijkstra, FA Morgan, JA Newcomb, JM AF Carrillo, Yolima Pendall, Elise Dijkstra, Feike A. Morgan, Jack A. Newcomb, Joanne M. TI Response of soil organic matter pools to elevated CO2 and warming in a semi-arid grassland SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Elevated CO2; Warming. Soil; Carbon; Soil organic matter; Incubation; Decomposition; Dissolved organic carbon; FACE; Priming; Grasslands; Semi-arid priming ID FUTURE ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ECOSYSTEM CARBON; PLANT-GROWTH; DECOMPOSITION AB Warming and elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO(2)) can elicit contrasting responses on different SOM pools, thus to understand the effects of combined factors it is necessary to evaluate individual pools. Over two years, we assessed responses to eCO(2) and warming of SOM pools, their susceptibility to decomposition, and whether these responses were mediated by plant inputs in a semi-arid grassland at the PHACE (Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment) experiment. We used long-term soil incubations and assessed relationships between plant inputs and the responses of the labile and resistant pools. We found strong and contrasting effects of eCO(2) and warming on the labile C pool. In 2008 labile C was increased by eCO(2) and was positively related to plant biomass. In contrast, in 2007 eCO(2) and warming had interactive effects on the labile C, and the pool size was not related to plant biomass. Effects of warming and eCO(2) in this year were consistent with-treatment effects on soil moisture and temperature and their effects on labile C decomposition. The decomposition rate of the resistant C was positively related to indicators of plant C inputs. Our approach demonstrated that SOM pools in this grassland can have early and contrasting responses to climate change factors. The labile C pool in the mixed-grass prairie was highly responsive to eCO(2) and warming but the factors behind such responses were highly dynamic across years. Results suggest that in this grassland the resistant C pool could be negatively affected by increases in plant-production driven available soil C. C1 [Carrillo, Yolima; Pendall, Elise; Newcomb, Joanne M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Dijkstra, Feike A.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia. [Morgan, Jack A.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Carrillo, Y (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dcarril1@uwyo.edu RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU USDA-CSREES [2008-35107-18655]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Northern Arizona University, NSF [1021559]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Dan LeCain and David Smith for technical support with the field experiment and the lab of Ronald F. Follett for the soil analyses. We thank Sarah Berg, Hannah Rae Munn, Christine Rumsey, Matthew Wood and Megan Steinweg for assistance in the field and in the lab and Jennifer King for insightful review of the manuscript. This project was supported by USDA-CSREES Soil Processes Program (Grant no. 2008-35107-18655), by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Northern Arizona University, NSF (DEB# 1021559) and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 93 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2011 VL 347 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-0853-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 829NR UT WOS:000295590200028 ER PT J AU Stote, KS Radecki, SV Moshfegh, AJ Ingwersen, LA Baer, DJ AF Stote, Kim S. Radecki, Steven V. Moshfegh, Alanna J. Ingwersen, Linda A. Baer, David J. TI The number of 24 h dietary recalls using the US Department of Agriculture's automated multiple-pass method required to estimate nutrient intake in overweight and obese adults SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE 24 h dietary recall; Automated multiple-pass method; Overweight and obese adults ID FOOD-INTAKE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; NUTRITION; DESIGN; ENERGY; VARIABILITY; VARIANCE; SHANGHAI; PEOPLE; CHINA AB Objective: To determine the number of 24 h dietary recalls required to adequately estimate nutrient intake in overweight and obese adults using the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) automated multiple-pass method (AMPM). In addition, the study quantified sources of variation in dietary intake, such as day of the week, season, sequence of diet interviews (training effect), diet interviewer, body weight and within-and between-subject variances in the intake of selected nutrients. Design: Adults having a BMI of >= 28 but < 38 kg/m(2) were included in the study. The USDA's AMPM was used to obtain 24 h dietary recalls every 10 d for 6 months. Dietary intake data were analysed to adequately estimate the number of 24 h recalls necessary to assess nutrient intake. Variance component estimates were made by using a mixed-model procedure. Setting: The greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area. Subjects: Adults (34 men and 39 women) aged 35-65 years. Results: Overweight and obese adults completed fourteen 24 h dietary recalls. Utilizing within- and between-subject variances requires 5-10 and 12-15 d of 24 h dietary recalls in men and women, respectively, to estimate energy and macro-nutrient intakes in a 6-month period. Within- and between-subject variances were the major contributors to variance in nutrient intakes. Day of the week, season, sequence, diet interviewer and body weight had little impact on variance. Conclusions: This information is valuable for researchers planning to conduct studies on free-living individuals that include the collection of dietary intake data. C1 [Stote, Kim S.; Moshfegh, Alanna J.; Ingwersen, Linda A.; Baer, David J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Stote, KS (reprint author), SUNY, Empire State Coll, 113 West Ave, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. EM Kim.Stote@esc.edu RI Sriwisit, Sukhumaphorn/G-1405-2011 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1736 EP 1742 DI 10.1017/S1368980011000358 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827YV UT WOS:000295467300005 PM 21414246 ER PT J AU Huang, T Tucker, KL Lee, YC Crott, JW Parnell, LD Shen, J Smith, CE Ordovas, JM Li, D Lai, CQ AF Huang, Tao Tucker, Katherine L. Lee, Yu-Chi Crott, Jimmy W. Parnell, Laurence D. Shen, Jian Smith, Caren E. Ordovas, Jose M. Li, Duo Lai, Chao-Qiang TI Interactions between genetic variants of folate metabolism genes and lifestyle affect plasma homocysteine concentrations in the Boston Puerto Rican population SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Gene-environment interaction; Folate metabolism; Homocysteine; Genetic polymorphism ID SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING COHORT; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; DNA-DAMAGE; RISK; HEALTH; DETERMINANTS AB Objective: To investigate genetic and lifestyle factors and their interactions on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations in the Boston Puerto Rican population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Plasma concentrations of Hcy, folate, vitamin B(12) and pyridoxal phosphate were measured, and genetic polymorphisms were determined. Data on lifestyle factors were collected in interviews. Setting: A population survey of health and nutritional measures. Subjects: A total of 994 Puerto Rican men and women residing in the Boston metropolitan area. Results: Smoking status was positively associated with plasma Hcy. Genetic polymorphisms MTHFR 677C -> T, FOLH1 1561C -> T, FOLH1 rs647370 and PCFT 928A -> G interacted significantly with smoking for Hcy. MTHFR 1298A -> C (P = 0.040) and PCFT 928A -> G (P = 0.002) displayed significant interactions with alcohol intake in determining plasma Hcy. Subjects with PCFT 928GG genotype had significantly higher plasma Hcy concentrations compared with carriers of the A allele (AA+AG; P = 0.030) among non-drinking subjects. When consuming alcohol, GG subjects had lower plasma Hcy levels compared with AA+AG subjects. Physical activity interacted significantly with MTR 2756A -> G in determining plasma Hcy (P for interaction = 0.002). Smoking interacted with physical activity for plasma Hcy (P for interaction = 0.023). Conclusions: Smoking and drinking were associated plasma Hcy concentrations. Genetic variants involved in folate metabolism further modify the effects of lifestyle on plasma Hcy. C1 [Huang, Tao; Li, Duo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Huang, Tao; Lee, Yu-Chi; Crott, Jimmy W.; Parnell, Laurence D.; Shen, Jian; Smith, Caren E.; Ordovas, Jose M.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Huang, Tao; Li, Duo] APCNS Ctr Nutr & Food Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM duoli@zju.edu.cn; chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Huang, Tao/C-5641-2014; OI Huang, Tao/0000-0002-0328-1368; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU China Scholarship Council; National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-02]; National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL54776, HL078885]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972464] FX The current work was supported by the China Scholarship Council; the National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging (grant number 5P01AG023394-02); the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant numbers HL54776 and HL078885); contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service; and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 30972464). The authors report no conflict of interest. T.H. and Y.-C.L. carried out the studies, analysed data and drafted the manuscript; C.-Q.L., L.D.P., Y.-C.L., C.E.S., J.S. and J.W.C. participated in manuscript preparation; and C.-Q.L., K.L.T., D.L. and J.M.O. participated in the project design. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1805 EP 1812 DI 10.1017/S1368980011000140 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827YV UT WOS:000295467300013 PM 21338559 ER PT J AU Cullen, KW Watson, KB Dave, JM AF Cullen, Karen W. Watson, Kathleen B. Dave, Jayna M. TI Middle-school students' school lunch consumption does not meet the new Institute of Medicine's National School Lunch Program recommendations SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE School nutrition; Policy; Children; Lunch consumption; Institute of Medicine's; recommendations ID 5TH-GRADE STUDENTS; MEASURING FRUIT; CHILDREN; 4TH-GRADE; FOODS; FAT; INTERVENTION; PREFERENCES; ACCURACY; MEALS AB Objective: To compare the school lunch consumption of Texas middle-school students with the 2009 Institute of Medicine's (IOM) school meal report recommendations. These new lunch menu patterns increase fruit to one serving and vegetables to two servings, with 50% wholegrain food. Design: Lunch food records were collected from middle-school students from four schools in south-east Texas in the spring of 2008, and entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research software. Average intake was calculated for those consuming meals according to the National School Lunch Program (NSLP; n 5414) and for those consuming lunch from other sources (n 239). The percentage of students selecting each food group was calculated. Setting: Middle schools in south-east Texas. Subjects: Middle-school students in south-east Texas. Results: Students consuming NSLP meals reported consuming almost 1/2 serving of fruit, 3/4 serving of vegetables, 8 oz of milk and 1/3 serving of whole grains at lunch. Non-NSLP consumers reported almost no intake of fruit, vegetables or milk, and consumed 1/4 serving of whole grains at lunch. Among NSLP consumers, about 40% selected and consumed a fruit serving. About two-thirds of students selected a vegetable, consuming about 67%. Less than 4% selected a dark green or orange vegetable. Conclusions: Students' lunch intake did not meet the new IOM recommendations. Few students selected dark green or orange vegetables, and only 40% selected fruit. Whole grains consumption was low. Interventions with all stakeholders will be necessary to improve students' food and beverage selections overall when school meal patterns are revised. C1 [Cullen, Karen W.; Watson, Kathleen B.; Dave, Jayna M.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cullen, KW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R21HD51661-2]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001] FX The present study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (R21HD51661-2). It was also funded in part by federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. K.W.C conceptualized the study, oversaw implementation and wrote the paper; K.B.W. conducted the data analyses and participated in manuscript preparation; J.M.D. participated in manuscript preparation. We are grateful to the participating schools and students. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1876 EP 1881 DI 10.1017/S1368980011000656 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827YV UT WOS:000295467300021 PM 21557875 ER PT J AU Paul, EA Follett, RF Haddix, M Pruessner, E AF Paul, Eldor A. Follett, Ronald F. Haddix, Michelle Pruessner, Elizabeth TI Soil N Dynamics Related to Soil C and Microbial Changes During Long-Term Incubation SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen dynamics; nitrogen mineralization; soil organic matter; microbial biomass ID ORGANIC-CARBON POOLS; FRACTIONATION METHODS; CROP ROTATIONS; FOREST SOIL; MATTER; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; STABILIZATION; RATIOS; MODEL AB Knowledge of the pools and fluxes of C and N soil components is required to interpret ecosystem functioning and improve biogeochemical models. Two former grassland soils, where wheat or corn are currently growing, were studied by kinetic analysis of microbial biomass C and N changes, C and N mineralization rates, acid hydrolysis, and pyrolysis. Nearly twice as much C as N was mineralized during incubation. Modeling of changes during incubation demonstrated that two-pool first-order kinetics effectively described losses of microbial biomass C and N and concurrent N mineralization. Loss of microbial biomass N during incubation accounted for a significant portion of the N mineralized. Microbial biomass N content and soil N mineralization rates were strongly affected by soil type and soil management. Nitrification, but not N mineralization, was inhibited during the latter stages of incubation in one of the soils. We believe nitrifier populations had dropped below effective levels. Nonacid hydrolysable C was increased in both amount and mean residence time by cultivation and incubation. Hydrolysis removed a larger amount of N than incubation. Data after pyrolysis of soils, in argon at 550 degrees C, closely reflected results for both C and N found after cultivation and incubation. This technique should be further investigated to identify the recalcitrant forms of C and N in soils. The dynamics of soil C and soil N, although related, are not identical; thus, management can be targeted to soil C or N cycling in ecosystem functioning or to soil organic matter dynamics in global change. C1 [Paul, Eldor A.; Haddix, Michelle] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paul, Eldor A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.; Pruessner, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Paul, EA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 200 W Lake, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM eldor@nrel.colostate.edu OI Haddix, Michelle/0000-0003-0984-0404 FU Office of Research (BER), US Department of Energy; NSF Division of Environmental Biology; Agricultural Research Service FX This study was supported in part through funded grants by the Office of Research (BER), US Department of Energy, and the NSF Division of Environmental Biology and is based on work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS, GRACEnet Project. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 176 IS 10 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31822ce6e8 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 829YT UT WOS:000295623800003 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Hu, P Zhou, YJ Purohit, J Hwang, D AF Zhao, Ling Hu, Pan Zhou, Yijun Purohit, Jaanki Hwang, Daniel TI NOD1 activation induces proinflammatory gene expression and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Editorial Material DE nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-1; L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid; inflammation; insulin resistance; 3T3-L1 cells ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION RECEPTORS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; HIGH-FAT DIET; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INNATE IMMUNITY; BACTERIAL PEPTIDOGLYCAN; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; HOST RECOGNITION; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; OBESITY AB Zhao L, Hu P, Zhou Y, Purohit J, Hwang D. NOD1 activation induces proinflammatory gene expression and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301: E587-E598, 2011. First published June 21, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00709.2010.-Chronic inflammation is associated with obesity and insulin resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-oligomerization domain-containing proteins play critical roles in innate immune response. Here, we report that activation of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-1 (NOD1) in adipocytes induces proinflammatory response and impairs insulin signaling and insulin-induced glucose uptake. NOD1 and NOD2 mRNA are markedly increased in differentiated murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human primary adipocyte culture upon adipocyte conversion. Moreover, NOD1 mRNA is markedly increased only in the fat tissues in diet-induced obese mice, but not in genetically obese ob/ob mice. Stimulation of NOD1 with a synthetic ligand Tri-DAP induces proinflammatory chemokine MCP-1, RANTES, and cytokine TNF-alpha and MIP-2 (human IL-8 homolog) and IL-6 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Similar proinflammatory profiles are observed in human primary adipocyte culture stimulated with Tri-DAP. Furthermore, NOD1 activation suppresses insulin signaling, as revealed by attenuated tyrosine phosphorylation and increased inhibitory serine phosphorylation, of IRS-1 and attenuated phosphorylation of Akt and downstream target GSK3 alpha/3 beta, resulting in decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Together, our results suggest that NOD1 may play an important role in adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. C1 [Zhao, Ling; Hu, Pan; Zhou, Yijun; Purohit, Jaanki] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hwang, Daniel] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hwang, Daniel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhao, L (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, 1215 W Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ling.zhao@utk.edu FU The University of Tennessee FX This work was supported by faculty start-up funds from The University of Tennessee to L. Zhao. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 301 IS 4 BP E587 EP E598 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00709.2010 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 829JU UT WOS:000295576300003 PM 21693690 ER PT J AU Wang, J Li, H Shelver, WL Wang, ZH Li, QX Li, J Xu, T AF Wang, Jia Li, Hao Shelver, Weilin L. Wang, Zhanhui Li, Qing X. Li, Ji Xu, Ting TI Development of a monoclonal antibody-based, congener-specific and solvent-tolerable direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of 2,2 ', 4,4 '-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in environmental samples SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,2 ',4,4 '-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Flame retardant; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Monoclonal antibody ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PBDE CONCENTRATIONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAME RETARDANTS; EXTRACTION; SEDIMENT; EXPOSURE AB A sensitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the specific detection of 2,2', 4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in environmental samples was developed. A hapten mimicking BDE-47 was synthesized by introducing a butyric acid spacer into 5-hydroxy-BDE-47 and coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin to form an immunogen for the production of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against BDE-47. The most sensitive direct ELISA was formatted with a Mab, designated as 4F2, in combination with 5-(2,4-dibromophenoxy) pentanoic acid peroxidase as a tracer. The inhibition half-maximum concentrations and limit of detection of BDE-47 in phosphate buffered saline with 25% DMSO were 1.4 +/- 0.05 and 0.1 ng mL(-1), respectively. Cross-reactivity values of the ELISA with the tested BDE congeners and metabolites were <= 5.8%. This assay was used to determine BDE-47 in soil, sediment and house dust samples after ultrasonic extraction, simple cleanup and concentration steps. The average recoveries, repeatabilities (intraday extractions and analyses), and intra-laboratory reproducibilities (interday extractions and analyses) were in a range of 92-126%, 8-19% and 9-25%, respectively. Applied to 44 real samples, the results of this assay displayed a statistically significant correlation with those of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (R(2)=0.79-0.85), indicating this ELISA is a suitable tool for environmental analyses of BDE-47. C1 [Wang, Jia; Li, Hao; Li, Ji; Xu, Ting] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Wang, Zhanhui] China Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM xuting@cau.edu.cn OI Wang, Zhanhui/0000-0002-0167-9559 FU National Natural and Science Foundation of China [20977111]; Chinese University [2009TD15] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural and Science Foundation of China (No. 20977111) and the Chinese University Scientific Fund (No. 2009TD15). NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 401 IS 7 BP 2249 EP 2258 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5283-x PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 828OK UT WOS:000295511300022 PM 21822776 ER PT J AU Toutges, MJ Santoso, A AF Toutges, Michelle J. Santoso, Adi TI CLONING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE GENE AND ITS EXPRESSION DURING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSEFLY, Musca domestica SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE embryogenesis; housefly; Musca domestica; polyamines; ornithine decarboxylase ID ACTIVE-SITE; INHIBITION; DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; GASTRULATION; PUTRESCINE; POLYAMINES; SEQUENCES; MEMBRANE; BINDING; GENOME AB We are interested in identifying targets that may be used to develop new control products for the common housefly, Musca domestica, a vector of disease for many vertebrates. One such target, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), is an embryonic enzyme involved in the regulation of polyamines and is a critical enzyme during M. domestica development. In this study, the cDNA for ODC from M. domestica was cloned, sequenced, and characterized. The full-length cDNA was 1,337-bp, consistent with a single band of approximately 1.35 kb obtained by northern analysis. The open-reading frame contains 1,191 bp, yielding a deduced polypeptide of 396 amino acid residues with a predicted mass of 44,618 Da. The deduced M. domestica ODC protein was homologous to other ODC proteins. mRNA expression profiles analyzed by real-time PCR indicated that the ODC transcript is temporally regulated throughout embryogenesis. Sequence data and Southern blot analysis suggests that there were likely only one or two closely linked copies of the M. domestica ODC gene. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Toutges, Michelle J.] ARS, USDA, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Toutges, Michelle J.; Santoso, Adi] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Santoso, Adi] Indonesian Inst Sci, R&D Ctr Biotechnol, Bogor, Indonesia. RP Toutges, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CGAHR, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM michelle.toutges@gmail.com NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 87 EP 103 DI 10.1002/arch.20442 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 825OM UT WOS:000295289100003 PM 21928394 ER PT J AU Ruan, XS Liu, M Casey, TA Zhang, WP AF Ruan, Xiaosai Liu, Mei Casey, Thomas A. Zhang, Weiping TI A Tripartite Fusion, FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2:B, of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Elicits Antibodies That Neutralize Cholera Toxin, Inhibit Adherence of K88 (F4) and F18 Fimbriae, and Protect Pigs against K88ac/Heat-Labile Toxin Infection SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; DANISH SOW HERDS; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; VIRULENCE GENES; DIARRHEAL DISEASES; VACCINATING DAMS; WEANING DIARRHEA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PIGLET DIARRHEA; EDEMA DISEASE AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing K88 (F4) or F18 fimbriae and heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins are the major cause of diarrhea in young pigs. Effective vaccines inducing antiadhesin (anti-K88 and anti-F18) and antitoxin (anti-LT and anti-ST) immunity would provide broad protection to young pigs against ETEC. In this study, we genetically fused nucleotides coding for peptides from K88ac major subunit FaeG, F18 minor subunit FedF, and LT toxoid (LT192) A2 and B subunits for a tripartite adhesin-adhesin-toxoid fusion (FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2:B). This fusion was used for immunizations in mice and pigs to assess the induction of antiadhesin and antitoxin antibodies. In addition, protection by the elicited antiadhesin and antitoxin antibodies against a porcine ETEC strain was evaluated in a gnotobiotic piglet challenge model. The data showed that this FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2: B fusion elicited anti-K88, anti-F18, and anti-LT antibodies in immunized mice and pigs. In addition, the anti-porcine antibodies elicited neutralized cholera toxin and inhibited adherence against both K88 and F18 fimbriae. Moreover, immunized piglets were protected when challenged with ETEC strain 30302 (K88ac/LT/STb) and did not develop clinical disease. In contrast, all control nonvaccinated piglets developed severe diarrhea and dehydration after being challenged with the same ETEC strain. This study clearly demonstrated that this FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2: B fusion antigen elicited antibodies that neutralized LT toxin and inhibited the adherence of K88 and F18 fimbrial E. coli strains and that this fusion could serve as an antigen for vaccines against porcine ETEC diarrhea. In addition, the adhesin-toxoid fusion approach used in this study may provide important information for developing effective vaccines against human ETEC diarrhea. C1 [Ruan, Xiaosai; Liu, Mei; Zhang, Weiping] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Vaccinol, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Casey, Thomas A.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Zhang, WP (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Vaccinol, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, Box 2157, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM weiping.zhang@sdstate.edu FU NIH [AI083897]; South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station FX Financial support for this study was provided by NIH grant AI083897 (W. Zhang) and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1593 EP 1599 DI 10.1128/CVI.05120-11 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 826NQ UT WOS:000295361300001 PM 21813665 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, R Shanthalingam, S Bavananthasivam, J Kugadas, A Potter, KA Foreyt, WJ Hodgins, DC Shewen, PE Barrington, GM Knowles, DP Srikumaran, S AF Subramaniam, Renuka Shanthalingam, Sudarvili Bavananthasivam, Jegarubee Kugadas, Abirami Potter, Kathleen A. Foreyt, William J. Hodgins, Douglas C. Shewen, Patricia E. Barrington, George M. Knowles, Donald P. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI A Multivalent Mannheimia-Bibersteinia Vaccine Protects Bighorn Sheep against Mannheimia haemolytica Challenge SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; DOMESTIC SHEEP; OVIS-CANADENSIS; PNEUMONIA; VIRULENCE; ANTIBODIES; TREHALOSI; RESPONSES; SEROTYPE; A1 AB Bighorn sheep (BHS) are more susceptible than domestic sheep (DS) to Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia. Although both species carry M. haemolytica as a commensal bacterium in the nasopharynx, DS carry mostly leukotoxin (Lkt)-positive strains while BHS carry Lkt-negative strains. Consequently, antibodies to surface antigens and Lkt are present at much higher titers in DS than in BHS. The objective of this study was to determine whether repeated immunization of BHS with multivalent Mannheimia-Bibersteinia vaccine will protect them upon M. haemolytica challenge. Four BHS were vaccinated with a culture supernatant vaccine prepared from M. haemolytica serotypes A1 and A2 and Bibersteinia trehalosi serotype T10 on days 0, 21, 35, 49, and 77. Four other BHS were used as nonvaccinated controls. On the day of challenge, 12 days after the last immunization, the mean serum titers of Lkt-neutralizing antibodies and antibodies to surface antigens against M. haemolytica were 1: 160 and 1: 4,000, respectively. Following intranasal challenge with M. haemolytica A2 (1 x 105 CFU), all four control BHS died within 48 h. Necropsy revealed acute fibrinonecrotic pneumonia characteristic of M. haemolytica infection. None of the vaccinated BHS died during the 8 weeks postchallenge observation period. Radiography at 3 weeks postchallenge revealed no lung lesions in two vaccinated BHS and mild lesions in the other two, which resolved by 8 weeks postchallenge. These results indicate that if BHS can be induced to develop high titers of Lkt-neutralizing antibodies and antibodies to surface antigens, they are likely to survive M. haemolytica challenge which is likely to reduce the BHS population decline due to pneumonia. C1 [Subramaniam, Renuka; Shanthalingam, Sudarvili; Bavananthasivam, Jegarubee; Kugadas, Abirami; Potter, Kathleen A.; Foreyt, William J.; Knowles, Donald P.; Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Potter, Kathleen A.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hodgins, Douglas C.; Shewen, Patricia E.] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Barrington, George M.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Med & Surg, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ssrikumaran@vetmed.wsu.edu FU Foundation for North American Wild Sheep; Eastern, Idaho, Oregon; Washington Chapters; U.S. Forest Service FX This research was supported by funds from the Foundation for North American Wild Sheep and its Eastern, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington Chapters and by the U.S. Forest Service. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1689 EP 1694 DI 10.1128/CVI.05276-11 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 826NQ UT WOS:000295361300013 PM 21832104 ER PT J AU Somenahally, AC Hollister, EB Yan, WG Gentry, TJ Loeppert, RH AF Somenahally, Anil C. Hollister, Emily B. Yan, Wengui Gentry, Terry J. Loeppert, Richard H. TI Water Management Impacts on Arsenic Speciation and Iron-Reducing Bacteria in Contrasting Rice-Rhizosphere Compartments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PADDY SOIL; ROOTS; PLAQUE; ACCUMULATION; REDUCTION; CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITIES; PLANTS; GENES AB Rice cultivated on arsenic (As) contaminated-soils will accumulate variable grain-As concentrations, as impacted by varietal differences, soil variables, and crop management. A field-scale experiment was conducted to study the impact of intermittent and continuous flooding on As speciation and microbial populations in rice rhizosphere compartments of soils that were either historically amended with As pesticide or unamended with As. Rhizosphere-soil, root-plaque, pore-water and grain As were quantified and speciated, and microbial populations in rhizosphere soil and root-plaque were characterized. Total-As concentrations in rhizosphere and grain were significantly lower in intermittently flooded compared to the continuously flooded plots (86% lower in pore-water, 55% lower in root-plaque and 41% lower in grain samples). iAs(V), iAs(III), and DMAs(V) were the predominant As species detected in rhizosphere-soil and root-plaque, pore-water and grain samples, respectively. Relative proportions of Archaea and iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) were higher in rhizosphere soil compared to root-plaque. In rhizosphere soil, the relative abundance of FeRB was lower in intermittently flooded compared to continuously flooded plots, but there were no differences between root-plaque samples. This study has demonstrated that reductions in dissolved As concentrations in the rhizosphere and subsequent decreases in grain-As concentration can be attained through water management. C1 [Somenahally, Anil C.; Hollister, Emily B.; Gentry, Terry J.; Loeppert, Richard H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yan, Wengui] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Somenahally, AC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM asomenahally@ag.tamu.edu NR 39 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 19 BP 8328 EP 8335 DI 10.1021/es2012403 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825BJ UT WOS:000295245600053 PM 21870848 ER PT J AU Glaeser, JA Lindner, DL AF Glaeser, J. A. Lindner, D. L. TI Use of fungal biosystematics and molecular genetics in detection and identification of wood-decay fungi for improved forest management SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; INHABITING FUNGI; SWEDISH FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; CLASSIFICATION; BASIDIOMYCOTA; MUSHROOM; GENES AB Advances in fungal biosystematics and molecular genetics have clarified relationships among the wood-decay fungi and are providing new tools for their detection and identification. Species complexes of forest pathogens, including those within Heterobasidion, Armillaria, Laetiporus, and Phellinus, are being resolved. The ability to isolate fungal DNA directly from wood without in intermediate culturing step will greatly facilitate sampling and disease detection and has applications in forest disease management, hazard tree assessment, invasive species detection, and carbon cycling, sequestration and climate change research. Recent changes in fungal nomenclature and their application to forest pathology are discussed. C1 [Glaeser, J. A.; Lindner, D. L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Glaeser, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jglaeser@fs.fed.us NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1437-4781 EI 1439-0329 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 41 IS 5 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00681.x PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 826DP UT WOS:000295331900001 ER PT J AU Halgren, A Azevedo, M Mills, D Armstrong, D Thimmaiah, M McPhail, K Banowetz, G AF Halgren, A. Azevedo, M. Mills, D. Armstrong, D. Thimmaiah, M. McPhail, K. Banowetz, G. TI Selective inhibition of Erwinia amylovora by the herbicidally active germination-arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas bacteria SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aminoethoxyvinylglycine; aminooxyacetic acid; antibiosis; Erwinia amylovora; fire blight; formylaminooxyvinylgycine; germination-arrest factor; Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6 ID ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA; PLANT-PATHOGENS; AMINO-ACIDS; FIRE BLIGHT; IN-VITRO; STREPTOMYCIN; BIOCONTROL; GROWTH AB Aims: The germination-arrest factor (GAF) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6, and identified as 4-formylaminooxyvinylglycine, specifically inhibits the germination of a wide range of grassy weeds. This study was undertaken to determine whether GAF has antimicrobial activity in addition to its inhibitory effects on grass seed germination. Methods and Results: Culture filtrate from Ps. fluorescens WH6 had little or no effect on 17 species of bacteria grown in Petri dish lawns, but the in vitro growth of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the disease of orchard crops known as fire blight, was strongly inhibited by the filtrate. The anti-Erwinia activity of WH6 culture filtrate was shown to be due to its GAF content, and a commercially available oxyvinylglycine, 4-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), exhibited anti-Erwinia activity similar to that of GAF. The effects of GAF on Erwinia were reversed by particular amino acids. Conclusions: The biological properties of GAF include a rather specific antimicrobial activity against Erw. amylovora. This may be a general property of oxyvinylglycines as AVG exhibited similar activity. The ability of particular amino acids to reverse GAF inhibition is consistent with a potential effect of this compound on the activity of aminotransferases. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results presented here demonstrate a novel antimicrobial activity of oxyvinylglycines and suggest that GAF and/or GAF-producing bacteria may have potential for the control of fire blight. C1 [Halgren, A.; Azevedo, M.; Banowetz, G.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mills, D.; Armstrong, D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thimmaiah, M.; McPhail, K.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu FU USDA-CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems; OSU Agricultural Research Foundation FX Support from the USDA-CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program and from the OSU Agricultural Research Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 111 IS 4 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05098.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 827LE UT WOS:000295429200017 PM 21726360 ER PT J AU Kao, CC Hsu, JWC Bandi, V Hanania, NA Kheradmand, F Jahoor, F AF Kao, Christina C. Hsu, Jean W-C Bandi, Venkata Hanania, Nicola A. Kheradmand, Farrah Jahoor, Farook TI Resting energy expenditure and protein turnover are increased in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MUSCLE; HUMANS; PREVALENCE; BREAKDOWN; SMOKING; BALANCE; HEALTH; COPD AB The mechanisms leading to weight loss in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. Changes in protein metabolism and systemic inflammation may contribute to increased resting energy expenditure (REE) in COPD, leading to an energy imbalance and loss of fat and fat-free mass. The objective of this study was to determine first whether REE was increased in patients with COPD and, second, whether this was associated with increased protein turnover and/or systemic inflammation. Resting energy expenditure was determined using indirect calorimetry in 14 stable outpatients with severe COPD (7 with low and 7 with preserved body mass indices) and 7 healthy controls. Endogenous leucine flux, leucine oxidation, and nonoxidative disposal, indices of whole-body protein breakdown, catabolism, and synthesis, were measured using intravenous infusions of (13)C-bicarbonate and 1-(13)C-leucine. Total body water, from which fat-free mass and fat mass were calculated, was determined using an intravenous bolus of deuterated water. Plasma markers of systemic inflammation were also measured. As a group, subjects with COPD had increased REE adjusted for fat-free mass (P < .001) and faster rates of endogenous leucine flux (P = .006) and nonoxidative leucine disposal (P =.002) compared with controls. There was a significant correlation between REE and both endogenous leucine flux (P = .02) and nonoxidative leucine disposal (P = .008). Plasma concentrations of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were not different between COPD subjects and controls. Increased rates of protein turnover are associated with increased REE and loss of fat-free mass in COPD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kao, Christina C.; Bandi, Venkata; Hanania, Nicola A.; Kheradmand, Farrah] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kao, Christina C.; Hsu, Jean W-C; Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Agr Res Serv, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kao, CC (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ck692121@bcm.tmc.edu FU Chest Foundation; ALTANA Pharma, US; National Institutes of Health [HL082487, M01-RR00188]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001] FX This work was supported in part by The Chest Foundation and ALTANA Pharma, US, and the National Institutes of Health (HL082487). Work at the General Clinical Research Center is supported by the National Institutes of Health (M01-RR00188). This research was also supported with federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6001. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1449 EP 1455 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.02.013 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 826IN UT WOS:000295347900014 PM 21550084 ER PT J AU Chan, DC Watts, GF Ooi, EMM Chan, DT Wong, ATY Barrett, PHR AF Chan, Dick C. Watts, Gerald F. Ooi, Esther M. M. Chan, Doris T. Wong, Annette T. Y. Barrett, P. Hugh R. TI Apolipoprotein A-II and adiponectin as determinants of very low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism in nonobese men SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; APOA-II; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; C-III; KINETICS; PLASMA; TRIGLYCERIDE; OVERPRODUCTION; APOPROTEINS; TURNOVER AB Data from cellular systems and transgenic animal models suggest a role of apolipoprotein (apo) A-II in the regulation of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism. However, the precise mechanism whereby apoA-II regulates VLDL metabolism remains to be elucidated in humans. In this study, we examined the associations between the kinetics of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-apoA-II and VLDL-apoB-100 kinetics, and plasma adiponectin concentrations. The kinetics of HDL-apoA-II and VLDL-apoB-100 were measured in 37 nonobese men using stable isotope techniques. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured using immunoassays. Total plasma apoA-II concentration was positively associated with HDL-apoA-II production rate (PR) (r = 0.734, P < .01); both were positively associated with plasma triglyceride concentration (r = 0.360 and 0.369, respectively) and VLDL-apoB-100 PR (r = 0.406 and 0.427, respectively), and inversely associated with plasma adiponectin concentration (r = -0.449 and -0.375, respectively). Plasma adiponectin was inversely associated with plasma triglyceride concentration (r = -0.327), VLDL-apoB-100 concentration (r = -0.337), and VLDL-apoB-100 PR (r = -0.373). In multiple regression models including waist circumference and plasma insulin, plasma adiponectin concentration was an independent determinant of total plasma apoA-II concentration (beta-coefficient = -0.508, P = .001) and HDL-apoA-II PR (beta-coefficient = -0.374, P = .03). Conversely, total plasma apoA-II concentration (beta-coefficient = 0.348, P = .047) and HDL-apoA-II PR (beta-coefficient = -0.350, P = .035) were both independent determinants of VLDL-apoB-100 PR. However, these associations were not independent of plasma adiponectin. Variation in HDL apoA-II production, and hence total plasma apoA-II concentration, may exert a major effect on VLDL-apoB-100 production. Plasma adiponectin may also contribute to the variation in VLDL-apoB-100 production partly by regulating apoA-II transport. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Dick C.; Watts, Gerald F.; Ooi, Esther M. M.; Chan, Doris T.; Wong, Annette T. Y.; Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Metab Res Ctr, Perth, WA 6832, Australia. [Ooi, Esther M. M.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ooi, Esther M. M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ooi, Esther M. M.] Tufts Univ Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Watts, GF (reprint author), Royal Perth Hosp, Med Res Fdn, Sch Med & Pharmacol, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. EM gerald.watts@uwa.edu.au RI Ooi, Esther/B-3257-2011; Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Ooi, Esther/0000-0002-2097-633X; Wong, Annette/0000-0002-0919-330X; Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU National Heart Foundation of Australia; National Health Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC); Pfizer Australia; GlaxoSmithKline FX This study was supported by grants from the National Heart Foundation of Australia, the National Health Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), Pfizer Australia, and GlaxoSmithKline. DCC is a Career Development Fellow of the NHMRC. PHRB is an NHMRC: Senior Research Fellow. EMMO is an NHMRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1482 EP 1487 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.03.003 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 826IN UT WOS:000295347900018 PM 21550083 ER PT J AU Ciappio, ED Mason, JB Crott, JW AF Ciappio, Eric D. Mason, Joel B. Crott, Jimmy W. TI Maternal one-carbon nutrient intake and cancer risk in offspring SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE breast cancer; colorectal cancer; epigenetics; maternal diet; one-carbon metabolism ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; DNA STRAND BREAKS; FOLIC-ACID; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIETARY-FOLATE; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; MEDICATION USE; UNITED-STATES AB Dietary intake of one-carbon nutrients, particularly folate, vitamin B-2 (riboflavin), vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and choline have been linked to the risk of cancers of the colon and breast in both human and animal studies. More recently, experimental and epidemiological data have emerged to suggest that maternal intake of these nutrients during gestation may also have an impact on the risk of cancer in offspring later in life. Given the plasticity of DNA methylation in the developing embryo and the established role of one-carbon metabolism in supporting biological methylation reactions, it is plausible that alterations in maternal one-carbon nutrient availability might induce subtle epigenetic changes in the developing embryo and fetus that persist into later life, altering the risk of tumorigenesis throughout the lifespan. This review summarizes the current literature on maternal one-carbon nutrient intake and offspring cancer risk, with an emphasis on cancers of the colon and breast, and discusses specific epigenetic modifications that may play a role in their pathogenesis. (C) 2011 International Life Sciences Institute C1 [Ciappio, Eric D.; Mason, Joel B.; Crott, Jimmy W.] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ciappio, Eric D.; Mason, Joel B.; Crott, Jimmy W.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu NR 97 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 69 IS 10 BP 561 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00424.x PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 828QN UT WOS:000295517400001 PM 21967157 ER PT J AU Atallah, ZK Maruthachalam, K Vallad, GE Davis, RM Klosterman, SJ Subbarao, KV AF Atallah, Zahi K. Maruthachalam, Karunakaran Vallad, Gary E. Davis, R. Michael Klosterman, Steven J. Subbarao, Krishna V. TI Analysis of Verticillium dahliae Suggests a Lack of Correlation Between Genotypic Diversity and Virulence Phenotypes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; POPULATION GENETIC-ANALYSIS; COALESCENT APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; WILT; INFERENCE; EVOLUTIONARY; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE AB Verticillium dahliae causes severe wilt and recurring losses in numerous agricultural and ornamental hosts worldwide. Two virulence phenotypes (races) have been identified based on the Ve resistance gene and its homologs but their distribution and evolutionary history are unknown. Sequence analyses of the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers suggested an absence of correlation between genotypic diversity and virulence phenotypes. Additionally, both race 1 and 2 phenotypes were isolated in various geographic regions and hosts. Sustained levels of migration of both virulence phenotypes among various geographic regions were evident, and the study also suggested that both virulence phenotypes infect a variety of hosts, regardless of the availability of resistant cultivars. Given the high genotypic diversity observed in V dahliae, more than the two known virulence phenotypes may be present in nature but not yet identified because of the current lack of sources of resistance other than the Ve gene and its homologs. The inclusion of various genotypes exhibiting the same virulence phenotype may greatly improve the long-term effectiveness of resistance to race 2 of V dahliae regardless of the host. This study also confirms the transcontinental gene flow and high genotypic diversity of V dahliae affecting lettuce in coastal California regardless of the molecular markers employed. C1 [Atallah, Zahi K.; Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Vallad, Gary E.] Univ Florida, IFAS GCREC, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Davis, R. Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Klosterman, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU United States Department of Agriculture [0627011]; California Leafy Greens Research Board; Microsoft Corporation FX These studies were supported by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture CSREES-CAR (proposal number 0627011) and the California Leafy Greens Research Board. The population structure and migration analyses were performed using the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit of Cornell University, which is funded, in portion, by the Microsoft Corporation. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1224 EP 1232 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0110 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 826KZ UT WOS:000295354300003 ER PT J AU Brazee, NJ Wick, RL Wargo, PM AF Brazee, Nicholas J. Wick, Robert L. Wargo, Phillip M. TI Effects of Hydrolyzable Tannins on In Vitro Growth of Armillaria calvescens and A. gallica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOMORPH PRODUCTION; AGRILUS-BILINEATUS; CARBON NUTRITION; BLACK OAK; ETHANOL; MELLEA; PHENOLICS; ROOTS; TREES; ACID AB We hypothesized that Armillaria gallica, which is abundant in oak-dominated forests, is more successful at oxidizing and metabolizing polyphenols than A. calvescens, which is mostly restricted to maple-dominated forests. Isolates were challenged with up to seven concentrations of tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), and black oak root bark extracts (RBE). Six concentrations of glucose and ethanol were also tested to determine the influence of available carbon on growth. Colony area and biomass values were analyzed using a GLM and Tukey's HSD test. When challenged with 0.12% concentrations of TA, GA, and RBE, A. gallica produced a significantly larger biomass in all treatments and larger colony areas in four of the five treatments compared to control values. A. gallica also produced a significantly larger number of rhizomorphs than A. calvescens on RBE medium. In contrast, A. calvescens generated significantly larger biomass over control treatments only when RBE was added, and values were substantially less compared to A. gallica. Growth of both species was significantly greater when ethanol was added, especially on GA medium, while glucose had little effect. Results from this study suggest that A. gallica is better at oxidizing and metabolizing polyphenols than A. calvescens. C1 [Brazee, Nicholas J.; Wick, Robert L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wargo, Phillip M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Brazee, NJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, 270 Stockbridge Rd,Fernald Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM nbrazee@psis.umass.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences [MAS00099] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences under Project No. MAS00099. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1255 EP 1262 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0116 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 826KZ UT WOS:000295354300007 ER PT J AU Mello, AFS Olarte, RA Gray, SM Perry, KL AF Mello, A. F. S. Olarte, R. A. Gray, S. M. Perry, K. L. TI Transmission Efficiency of Potato virus Y strains PVYo and PVYN-Wi by Five Aphid Species SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI L; UNITED-STATES; VECTOR; CANADA; HOMOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; TOBACCO; CLONES; PLANTS AB Potato virus Y (PVY) is a reemerging problem in potato production in North America. Although the "ordinary" strain, PVYO, is still the dominant isolate in U.S. seed potatoes, the recombinant strain of the virus PVYN-Wi (= PVYN:O) has become widespread. An increase in the prevalence of a PVY strain could be due to differences in the efficiency of transmission by aphid vectors. The transmission efficiency by a clone of Myzus persicae was determined for five isolates each of PVYO and PVYN-Wi. An aphid transmission assay was developed based on the use of potato seedlings from true potato seed, allowing for greater control of plant age and growth stage. No apparent differences in transmission by M. persicae were observed. Single isolates of PVYO and PVYN-Wi were tested for their ability to be transmitted from potato to potato by five aphid species: Aphis glycines, A. gossypii, A. nasturtii, M. persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi. Both PVY isolates showed a similar transmission phenotype in being transmitted efficiently by M. persicae but very poorly or not at all by A. glycines, A. gossypii, and R. padi. The aphid A. nasturtii transmitted both isolates with an intermediate level of efficiency. The data do not support a model for a differential aphid transmissibility being responsible for the increase in the prevalence of PVYN-Wi. C1 [Mello, A. F. S.; Olarte, R. A.; Gray, S. M.; Perry, K. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Interact, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gray, S. M.] ARS, USDA, Plant Protect Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Perry, KL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Interact, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM klp3@cornell.edu RI Mello, Alexandre/B-9389-2014 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1279 EP 1283 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0855 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 826KZ UT WOS:000295354300010 ER PT J AU Serrato-Diaz, LM Rivera-Vargas, LI Goenaga, R Verkley, GJM French-Monar, RD AF Serrato-Diaz, L. M. Rivera-Vargas, L. I. Goenaga, R. Verkley, G. J. M. French-Monar, R. D. TI First Report of a Lasmenia sp Causing Rachis Necrosis, Flower Abortion, Fruit Rot, and Leaf Spots on Rambutan in Puerto Rico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Serrato-Diaz, L. M.; French-Monar, R. D.] Texas A&M Syst, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Texas AgriLife Res Extens Serv, Amarillo, TX USA. [Rivera-Vargas, L. I.] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez Campus, Dept Crop & Agroenvironm Sci, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Goenaga, R.] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Verkley, G. J. M.] Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Serrato-Diaz, LM (reprint author), Texas A&M Syst, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Texas AgriLife Res Extens Serv, Amarillo, TX USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1313 EP 1313 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-11-0366 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 826KZ UT WOS:000295354300020 ER PT J AU Zambino, PJ Nolan, PA AF Zambino, P. J. Nolan, P. A. TI First Report of Rust Caused by Puccinia psidii on Paperbark, Melaleuca quinquenervia, in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID MYRTACEAE C1 [Zambino, P. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. [Nolan, P. A.] Dept Agr Weights & Measures, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Zambino, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1314 EP 1315 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-11-0436 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 826KZ UT WOS:000295354300024 ER PT J AU Bamberg, J del Rio, AH Penafiel, J AF Bamberg, John del Rio, Alfonso H. Penafiel, Jose TI Successful Prediction of Genetic Richness at Wild Potato Collection Sites in Southeastern Arizona SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stoloniferum; Longipedicellata AB Collecting germplasm from even a fraction of the potential geographic range of wild potato species requires substantial time, money, and effort, so efficiency could be increased if spots particularly rich in unique alleles could be predicted and prioritized. A previous experiment that used AFLP markers to compare "remote" versus "easy" collection sites for Solanum stoloniferum, (previously S. fendleri) within three mountain ranges identified the Santa Catalina Mountains (CAT) of SE Arizona as making a particularly large contribution of unique alleles, despite existing CAT collections being few and all close to roads. This situation motivated a collecting expedition in September 2009 to more thoroughly collect CAT. That expedition resulted in samples of 16 populations, most from new sites never previously described or collected. An analysis was done with 871 AFLP loci, comparing populations from the same three mountain ranges and including the 2009 CAT collections. Results confirmed the prediction of unique allele density of certain location categories within mountain ranges. The new CAT collections captured three times as many unique alleles as contained in the previous collections from that location, and 24 of these were new (unique) among all mountain ranges. One particular new collection, PI 658180, accounted for 46% of the new unique alleles collected in CAT. This study demonstrates the power of DNA markers to empirically identify locations with genetic richness, guiding the most efficient allocation of resources for collecting, preservation, and evaluation of germplasm. C1 [Bamberg, John; del Rio, Alfonso H.] ARS, USDA, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. [Penafiel, Jose] Univ Nacl Agr, La Molina, Peru. RP Bamberg, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM John.Bamberg@ars.usda.gov OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X FU USDA-ARS Plant Exchange Office, Beltsville, MD FX The authors thank Adele Douglass and the University of Wisconsin Peninsula Agricultural Research Station (home site of USPG) for technical support; Karen Williams of USDA-ARS Plant Exchange Office, Beltsville, MD for extramural funding. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 398 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9205-4 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ZU UT WOS:000295168900002 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Buchman, JL Sengoda, VG Fisher, TW Pearson, CC AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Buchman, Jeremy L. Sengoda, Venkatesan G. Fisher, Tonja W. Pearson, Cole C. TI Susceptibility of Selected Potato Varieties to Zebra Chip Potato Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zebra chip disease; Potato; Potato psyllid; Bactericera cockerelli; Liberibacter; Host plant resistance ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM; COCKERELLI HEMIPTERA PSYLLIDAE; 1ST REPORT; INSECTICIDES; ASSOCIATION; PLANTS; TUBERS; TRANSMISSION; REPELLENCY; TRIOZIDAE AB Zebra chip (ZC), an emerging and serious disease of potato has caused millions of dollars in losses to the potato industry in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. The disease has recently been associated with a previously undescribed species of liberibacter tentatively named "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" transmitted to potato by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (ulc). At present, applications of insecticides targeted against the potato psyllid are the only means to manage ZC. Given the low psyllid density and short inoculation access period required to induce the disease, insecticides may not act fast enough to prevent transmission of liberibacter to potato by the psyllid and development of ZC. Identification and development of ZC-resistant or tolerant varieties may offer the most efficient and sustainable way to manage this potato disease. Susceptibility of selected potato varieties to ZC was evaluated under controlled field cage conditions in 2009 and 2010 in WA by inoculating potato plants with "Ca. L. solanacearum" using infective potato psyllids and monitoring them for ZC symptom development. All potato varieties evaluated in both years of the study were determined to be very susceptible to the disease, with almost 100% of the inoculated plants developing severe ZC foliar and tuber symptoms. Potato yield in all tested varieties was significantly affected by ZC, with yield losses ranging from 49.9% to 87. 2%. Information from this research suggests that there is an urgent need to develop new potato varieties that are resistant or tolerant to this damaging potato disease. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Buchman, Jeremy L.; Sengoda, Venkatesan G.; Fisher, Tonja W.; Pearson, Cole C.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM joseph.munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Frito Lay, Inc.; USDA-ARS; Texas Department of Agriculture; USDA-RAMP [2009-51101-05892]; USDA-SCRI [2009-51181-20176] FX We are grateful to Blaine Heilman, Millie Heidt, and Jerry Gefre for their invaluable technical assistance. Financial support for this work was partially provided by Frito Lay, Inc., USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program, Texas Department of Agriculture, USDA-RAMP (Project # 2009-51101-05892) and USDA-SCRI (Project #2009-51181-20176). NR 35 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s12230-011-9209-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ZU UT WOS:000295168900006 ER PT J AU Newton, RJ VandeWalle, JL Borchardt, MA Gorelick, MH McLellan, SL AF Newton, Ryan J. VandeWalle, Jessica L. Borchardt, Mark A. Gorelick, Marc H. McLellan, Sandra L. TI Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales Alternative Fecal Indicators Reveal Chronic Human Sewage Contamination in an Urban Harbor SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT; WATER TREATMENT-PLANT; REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-MARKERS; STORMWATER RUNOFF; QUANTITATIVE PCR; SOURCE TRACKING; BEACH SAND AB The complexity of fecal microbial communities and overlap among human and other animal sources have made it difficult to identify source-specific fecal indicator bacteria. However, the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies now provides increased sequencing power to resolve microbial community composition within and among environments. These data can be mined for information on source-specific phylotypes and/or assemblages of phylotypes (i.e., microbial signatures). We report the development of a new genetic marker for human fecal contamination identified through microbial pyrotag sequence analysis of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequence analysis of 37 sewage samples and comparison with database sequences revealed a human-associated phylotype within the Lachnospiraceae family, which was closely related to the genus Blautia. This phylotype, termed Lachno2, was on average the second most abundant fecal bacterial phylotype in sewage influent samples from Milwaukee, WI. We developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for Lachno2 and used it along with the qPCR-based assays for human Bacteroidales (based on the HF183 genetic marker), total Bacteroidales spp., and enterococci and the conventional Escherichia coli and enterococci plate count assays to examine the prevalence of fecal and human fecal pollution in Milwaukee's harbor. Both the conventional fecal indicators and the human-associated indicators revealed chronic fecal pollution in the harbor, with significant increases following heavy rain events and combined sewer overflows. The two human-associated genetic marker abundances were tightly correlated in the harbor, a strong indication they target the same source (i.e., human sewage). Human adenoviruses were routinely detected under all conditions in the harbor, and the probability of their occurrence increased by 154% for every 10-fold increase in the human indicator concentration. Both Lachno2 and human Bacteroidales increased specificity to detect sewage compared to general indicators, and the relationship to a human pathogen group suggests that the use of these alternative indicators will improve assessments for human health risks in urban waters. C1 [Newton, Ryan J.; VandeWalle, Jessica L.; McLellan, Sandra L.] Great Lakes WATER Inst, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Borchardt, Mark A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Gorelick, Marc H.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Gorelick, Marc H.] Childrens Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP McLellan, SL (reprint author), Great Lakes WATER Inst, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM mclellan@uwm.edu RI McLellan, Sandra/D-6282-2012 FU NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA05NOS4781243]; NIAID [1 R21 AI076970-01A1]; University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under National Sea Grant College; NOAA; U.S. Department of Commerce; State of Wisconsin [NA10OAR4170070] FX Funding for this work was provided by NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative extramural grant program (grant no. NA05NOS4781243), NIAID (grant no. 1 R21 AI076970-01A1), and University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the State of Wisconsin (grant no. NA10OAR4170070). NR 60 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 77 IS 19 BP 6972 EP 6981 DI 10.1128/AEM.05480-11 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 823LH UT WOS:000295123300030 PM 21803887 ER PT J AU Lindsey, RL Frye, JG Fedorka-Cray, PJ Meinersmann, RJ AF Lindsey, Rebecca L. Frye, Jonathan G. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Meinersmann, Richard J. TI Microarray-Based Analysis of IncA/C Plasmid-Associated Genes from Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ISCR ELEMENTS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; DNA MICROARRAY; BACTERIA; EVOLUTION; TRANSPOSON; EXPRESSION AB In the family Enterobacteriaceae, plasmids have been classified according to 27 incompatibility (Inc) or replicon types that are based on the inability of different plasmids with the same replication mechanism to coexist in the same cell. Certain replicon types such as IncA/C are associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). We developed a microarray that contains 286 unique 70-mer oligonucleotide probes based on sequences from five IncA/C plasmids: pYR1 (Yersinia ruckeri), pPIP1202 (Yersinia pestis), pP99-018 (Photobacterium damselae), pSN254 (Salmonella enterica serovar Newport), and pP91278 (Photobacterium damselae). DNA from 59 Salmonella enterica isolates was hybridized to the microarray and analyzed for the presence or absence of genes. These isolates represented 17 serovars from 14 different animal hosts and from different geographical regions in the United States. Qualitative cluster analysis was performed using CLUSTER 3.0 to group microarray hybridization results. We found that IncA/C plasmids occurred in two lineages distinguished by a major insertion-deletion (indel) region that contains genes encoding mostly hypothetical proteins. The most variable genes were represented by transposon-associated genes as well as four antimicrobial resistance genes (aphA, merP, merA, and aadA). Sixteen mercury resistance genes were identified and highly conserved, suggesting that mercury ion-related exposure is a stronger pressure than anticipated. We used these data to construct a core IncA/C genome and an accessory genome. The results of our studies suggest that the transfer of antimicrobial resistance determinants by transfer of IncA/C plasmids is somewhat less common than exchange within the plasmids orchestrated by transposable elements, such as transposons, integrating and conjugative elements (ICEs), and insertion sequence common regions (ISCRs), and thus pose less opportunity for exchange of antimicrobial resistance. C1 [Lindsey, Rebecca L.; Frye, Jonathan G.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.; Meinersmann, Richard J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lindsey, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS BEAR, Richard J Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rebecca.lindsey@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 77 IS 19 BP 6991 EP 6999 DI 10.1128/AEM.00567-11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 823LH UT WOS:000295123300032 PM 21841024 ER PT J AU Denery-Papini, S Bodinier, M Pineau, F Triballeau, S Tranquet, O Adel-Patient, K Moneret-Vautrin, DA Bakan, B Marion, D Mothes, T Mameri, H Kasarda, D AF Denery-Papini, S. Bodinier, M. Pineau, F. Triballeau, S. Tranquet, O. Adel-Patient, K. Moneret-Vautrin, D. A. Bakan, B. Marion, D. Mothes, T. Mameri, H. Kasarda, D. TI Immunoglobulin-E-binding epitopes of wheat allergens in patients with food allergy to wheat and in mice experimentally sensitized to wheat proteins SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE food allergy; gliadins; IgE-binding epitopes; LTP; mouse model; wheat ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS; WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNIT; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINS; B-CELL EPITOPES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; OMEGA-5 GLIADIN; MAJOR ALLERGEN; IGE REACTIVITY; BALB/C MICE AB Background At present, B cell epitopes involved in food allergy to wheat are known only for a few allergens and a few categories of patients. Objective To characterize the epitopes of different wheat kernel allergens: alpha-, gamma, omega 2, and omega 5-gliadin, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunit, and a lipid transfer protein (LTP1) recognized by allergic patients and by sensitized mice and provide further understanding of the role of structure in determining allergic response. Methods Sera were obtained from 39 patients suffering from food allergy to wheat. BALB/c mice were sensitized to gliadins or LTP1 by intraperitoneal immunizations. Continuous epitopes bound by IgE were delineated by the Pepscan technique. The response to reduced, alkylated LTP1 was compared with that of the native form to evaluate the importance of protein folding on IgE reactivity. Results Few continuous epitopes of LTP1 reacted with IgE from allergic patients and mice, but one of them was common to several patients and sensitized mice. The unfolded protein was not recognized by either patient or mouse IgE, emphasizing the major role of LTP1 folding and discontinuous epitopes in IgE-binding. In contrast, many continuous epitopes were detected by patient and mouse IgE especially for an omega 5-gliadin, which is an unstructured protein, and to a lesser extent, for the other gliadins and a LMW-glutenin subunit. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance The conformation of LTP1 appeared to have a strong impact on the type of IgE-binding epitopes elicited by this protein in both man and mouse. The responses in mice sensitized to gliadins or LTP1 were sufficiently comparable with the human response in terms of IgE-binding epitopes to provide support for the use of the mouse model in further investigations. C1 [Denery-Papini, S.] INRA, Leurs Interact & Assemblages BIA, UR Biopolymeres 1268, F-44300 Nantes 03, France. [Adel-Patient, K.] CEA Saclay, INRA, Inst Biol & Technol Saclay iBiTeC S, UR Immunoallergie Alimentaire 496, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Moneret-Vautrin, D. A.] Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med Clin Immunol & Allergol, Nancy, France. [Mothes, T.] Univ Leipzig, Univ Hosp, Inst Lab Med, Leipzig, Germany. [Mothes, T.] Univ Leipzig, Fac Med, Leipzig, Germany. [Kasarda, D.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Denery-Papini, S (reprint author), INRA, Leurs Interact & Assemblages BIA, UR Biopolymeres 1268, F-44300 Nantes 03, France. EM denery@nantes.inra.fr FU [ANR-08-ALIA-014] FX We thank Frank Wien, DISCO beamline from Soleil synchrotron, for precious help during SRCD experiments. Hamza Mameri is funded by ANR-08-ALIA-014 program. We thank Andre Lelion for his technical skill in the preparation of the different forms of the wheat LTP. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0954-7894 EI 1365-2222 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD OCT PY 2011 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1478 EP 1492 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03808.x PG 15 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 822XB UT WOS:000295082700021 PM 21771117 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Carroll, JA Arthington, JD Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Rossman, ML Carr, MA Genovese, KJ Ricke, SC Crandall, P Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, Todd R. Carroll, Jeffery A. Arthington, John D. Edrington, Tom S. Anderson, Robin C. Rossman, Michelle L. Carr, Mandy A. Genovese, Ken J. Ricke, Steve C. Crandall, Phil Nisbet, David J. TI Orange Peel Products Can Reduce Salmonella Populations in Ruminants SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; CITRUS PULP; IN-VITRO; PATHOGENS; CATTLE; INTERVENTIONS; TYPHIMURIUM AB Salmonella can live undetected in the gut of food animals and be transmitted to humans. Animal diets can impact intestinal populations of foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella spp. Orange juice production results in a waste product, orange peel and orange pulp, which has a high nutritive value and is often included in cattle diets as a least-cost ration ingredient. Here we show that the inclusion of orange peel products reduced Salmonella Typhimurium populations in the gut of experimentally inoculated sheep. Sheep (n = 24) were fed a cracked corn grain-based high grain diet that was supplemented with a 50%/50% (dry matter [DM], w/w) mixture of dried orange pellet and fresh orange peel to achieve a final concentration (DM, basis) of 0%, 10%, or 20% orange product (OP) for 10 days before inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium. Sheep were experimentally inoculated with 10 10 colony forming units Salmonella Typhimurium, and fecal samples were collected every 24 h after inoculation. Sheep were humanely euthanized at 96 h after oral Salmonella inoculation. Populations of inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium were numerically reduced by OP treatment throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and this reduction only reached significant levels in the cecum (p < 0.05) of sheep fed 10% OP diets. Apparent palatability issues decreased the consumption of OP in sheep fed 20% OP to intake levels below that of 10% OP (approximately 7% dry matter intake [DMI]/d feed refusal), thereby reducing the potential effects of OP feeding at this higher level. Our results demonstrate that orange peel and pellets are environmentally friendly and low-cost products that can be used as a pre-harvest intervention as part of an integrated pathogen reduction scheme. C1 [Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Tom S.; Anderson, Robin C.; Genovese, Ken J.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Carroll, Jeffery A.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. [Arthington, John D.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. [Rossman, Michelle L.; Carr, Mandy A.] Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Centennial, CO USA. [Ricke, Steve C.; Crandall, Phil] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Ricke, Steve C.; Crandall, Phil] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Portions of this research were supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and by beef and veal producers and importers through their $1-per-head checkoff, and were produced for the Cattlemen's Beef Board and state beef councils by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1071 EP 1075 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.0867 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 823WR UT WOS:000295158500003 PM 21651339 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Yuk, HG Zhang, H AF Ukuku, Dike O. Yuk, Hyun-Gyun Zhang, Howard TI Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interaction Chromatography for Estimating Changes in Cell Surface Charge of Escherichia coli Cells Treated with Pulsed Electric Fields SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BACTERIAL ATTACHMENT; CANTALOUPE RIND; INACTIVATION; O157-H7; JUICE; MICROORGANISMS; COMBINATION; SALMONELLA AB Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments, a nonthermal process, have been reported to injure and inactivate bacteria in liquid foods. However, the effect of this treatment on bacterial cell surface charge and hydrophobicity has not been investigated. Apple juice (pH 3.8) purchased from a wholesale distributor was inoculated with cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 7.4 log CFU/mL, processed with a PEF at a field strength of 18.4 kV/cm and 32.2 kV/cm at 25 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 45 degrees C with a treatment time of 160 mu s and a flow rate of 120 mL/min. Bacterial cell surface charge and hydrophobicity of untreated and PEF-treated E. coli O157: H7 were determined immediately and after storage at 5 degrees C and 23 degrees C using hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction chromatography. Similarly, the populations surviving the PEF treatments including injured cells were determined by plating 0.1 mL of the sample on sorbitol MacConkey agar and tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates. The surviving populations of E. coli cells after PEF treatment varied depending on field strength and treatment temperature used. Percent injury in the surviving populations was high immediately after PEF treatment and varied among treatment temperatures. Cell surface charge of E. coli bacteria before PEF treatment averaged 32.10 +/- 8.12. PEF treatments at 25 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 45 degrees C reduced the above surface charge to 26.34 +/- 1.24, 14.24 +/- 3.30, and 6.72 +/- 2.82, respectively. Similarly, the surface hydrophobicity of untreated E. coli cells at 0.194 +/- 0.034 was increased to an average of 0.268 +/- 0.022, 0.320 +/- 0.124, and 0.586 +/- 0.123 after PEF treatments at 25 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 45 degrees C, respectively. The results of this study indicate that PEF treatment affects the outer cell envelope of E. coli bacteria as evidenced by the changes in surface hydrophobicity and cell surface charge leading to injury and subsequent inactivation of the cells. C1 [Ukuku, Dike O.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Yuk, Hyun-Gyun] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Food Sci & Technol Programme, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Zhang, Howard] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dike.ukuku@ars.usda.gov RI YUK, HYUN-GYUN/B-7714-2014 OI YUK, HYUN-GYUN/0000-0001-9841-7899 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1103 EP 1109 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.0911 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 823WR UT WOS:000295158500008 PM 21668373 ER PT J AU Fabrick, JA Mathew, LG Tabashnik, BE Li, X AF Fabrick, J. A. Mathew, L. G. Tabashnik, B. E. Li, X. TI Insertion of an intact CR1 retrotransposon in a cadherin gene linked with Bt resistance in the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retrotransposon; chicken repeat 1 (CR1) element; cadherin; Bacillus thuringiensis; resistance ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; NON-LTR RETROTRANSPOSONS; MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; FIELD POPULATIONS; MALARIA MOSQUITO; CRY1AC AB Three mutations in the Pectinophora gossypiella cadherin gene PgCad1 are linked with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac. Here we show that the r3 mutation entails recent insertion into PgCad1 of an active chicken repeat (CR1) retrotransposon, designated CR1-1_Pg. Unlike most other CR1 elements, CR1-1_Pg is intact, transcribed by a flanking promoter, contains target site duplications and has a relatively low number of copies. Examination of transcripts from the PgCad1 locus revealed that CR1-1_Pg disrupts both the cadherin protein and a long noncoding RNA of unknown function. Together with previously reported data, these findings show that transposable elements disrupt eight of 12 cadherin alleles linked with resistance to Cry1Ac in three lepidopteran species, indicating that the cadherin locus is a common target for disruption by transposable elements. C1 [Fabrick, J. A.; Mathew, L. G.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Tabashnik, B. E.; Li, X.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fabrick, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jeff.fabrick@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 BP 651 EP 665 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01095.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 822ZK UT WOS:000295089500009 PM 21815956 ER PT J AU Buhay, JE AF Buhay, Jennifer E. TI "Population Dynamics of Crustaceans": Introduction to the Symposium SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; BLUE-CRAB; EUCALANUS-SPINIFER; ABUNDANCE; NURSERIES; CRAYFISH; SEAGRASS; HYALINUS; GENOME AB Crustaceans are a globally-distributed faunal group, found across all habitats from the equator to the poles. They are an ideal focal assemblage for assessment of the impacts of climatic change and anthropogenic disturbance on nonmodel systems, such as how sea currents influence the movements of zooplankton communities in the open ocean, or how ecosystem processes affect phytoplanktonic species with restricted geographic distributions across a cluster of island lakes that could be a new model system for studies of speciation. This symposium introduced early-career researchers working in the fields of phylogeography, ecogenomics, fisheries management, and ecosystem processes with the aim of highlighting the different genetic and ecological approaches to the study of population dynamics of freshwater, estuarine, and marine crustacean species. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Ressearch Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buhay, JE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Ressearch Unit, Genet Lab Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jennifer.buhay@ars.usda.gov FU Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (DIZ); Crustacean Society; American Microscopical Society FX Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (DIZ); The Crustacean Society; American Microscopical Society. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 51 IS 4 BP 577 EP 579 DI 10.1093/icb/icr100 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 824BA UT WOS:000295172700007 PM 21856734 ER PT J AU Markel, E Maciak, C Butcher, BG Myers, CR Stodghill, P Bao, ZM Cartinhour, S Swingle, B AF Markel, Eric Maciak, Charlene Butcher, Bronwyn G. Myers, Christopher R. Stodghill, Paul Bao, Zhongmeng Cartinhour, Sam Swingle, Bryan TI An Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor-Mediated Cell Surface Signaling System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Regulates Gene Expression in Response to Heterologous Siderophores SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERRIC CITRATE TRANSPORT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; IRON TRANSPORT; AERUGINOSA; BACTERIA; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; INDUCTION AB The diversity of regulatory systems encoded by bacteria provides an indication of the variety of stresses and interactions that these organisms encounter in nature. We have been investigating how the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 responds to iron limitation and have focused on the iron starvation (IS) sigma factors to identify regulon members and to explore the mechanistic details of genetic control for this class of regulators. In the study described in this report, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation paired with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to screen the genome for locations associated with binding of the P. syringae IS sigma factor PSPTO_1203. We used multiple methods to demonstrate differential regulation of two genes identified in the ChIP-Seq screen and characterize the promoter elements that facilitate PSPTO_1203-dependent regulation. The genes regulated by PSPTO_1203 encode a TonB-dependent transducer (PSPTO_1206) and a cytoplasmic membrane protein (PSPTO_2145), which is located in the P. syringae pyoverdine cluster. Additionally, we identified siderophores that induce the activity of PSPTO_1203 and used this information to investigate the functional components of the signal transduction cascade. C1 [Markel, Eric; Maciak, Charlene; Stodghill, Paul; Cartinhour, Sam; Swingle, Bryan] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Markel, Eric; Maciak, Charlene; Butcher, Bronwyn G.; Bao, Zhongmeng; Cartinhour, Sam; Swingle, Bryan] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Myers, Christopher R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Lab Atom & Solid State Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Myers, Christopher R.] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Swingle, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Bryan.Swingle@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 193 IS 20 BP 5775 EP 5783 DI 10.1128/JB.05114-11 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 825FJ UT WOS:000295256100019 PM 21840980 ER PT J AU Lamichhane-Khadka, R Frye, JG Porwollik, S McClelland, M Maier, RJ AF Lamichhane-Khadka, Reena Frye, Jonathan G. Porwollik, Steffen McClelland, Michael Maier, Robert J. TI Hydrogen-Stimulated Carbon Acquisition and Conservation in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; TRICARBOXYLIC-ACID CYCLE; D-GLUCARATE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; ISOCITRATE LYASE; MALATE SYNTHASE; FULL VIRULENCE; EXPRESSION AB Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can utilize molecular hydrogen for growth and amino acid transport during anaerobic growth. Via microarray we identified H(2) gas-affected gene expression changes in Salmonella. The addition of H(2) caused altered expression of 597 genes, of which 176 genes were upregulated and 421 were downregulated. The significantly H(2)-upregulated genes include those that encode proteins involved in the transport of iron, manganese, amino acids, nucleosides, and sugars. Genes encoding isocitrate lyase (aceA) and malate synthase (aceB), both involved in the carbon conserving glyoxylate pathway, and genes encoding the enzymes of the D-glucarate and D-glycerate pathways (gudT, gudD, garR, garL, garK) are significantly upregulated by H(2). Cells grown with H(2) showed markedly increased AceA enzyme activity compared to cells without H(2). Mutant strains with deletion of either aceA or aceB had reduced H(2)-dependent growth rates. Genes encoding the glutamine-specific transporters (glnH, glnP, glnQ) were upregulated by H(2), and cells grown with H(2) showed increased [(14)C] glutamine uptake. Similarly, the mannose uptake system genes (manX, manY) were upregulated by H(2), and cells grown with H(2) showed about 2.0-fold-increased [(14)C] D-mannose uptake compared to the cells grown without H(2). Hydrogen stimulates the expression of genes involved in nutrient and carbon acquisition and carbon-conserving pathways, linking carbon and energy metabolism to sustain H(2)-dependent growth. C1 [Lamichhane-Khadka, Reena; Maier, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Porwollik, Steffen; McClelland, Michael] Vaccine Res Inst San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Maier, RJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 527 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rmaier@uga.edu RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 FU NIH [1R21AI073322] FX This work was supported by award number 1R21AI073322 from NIH. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 193 IS 20 BP 5824 EP 5832 DI 10.1128/JB.05456-11 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 825FJ UT WOS:000295256100025 PM 21856852 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Binelli, M Tucker, HA AF Capuco, A. V. Binelli, M. Tucker, H. A. TI Neither bovine somatotropin nor growth hormone-releasing factor alters expression of thyroid hormone receptors in liver and mammary tissues SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE triiodothyronine; deiodinase; lactation; galactopoiesis ID PRIMIPAROUS COWS; DAIRY-COWS; THYROXINE-5'-MONODEIODINASE ACTIVITY; CIRCULATING THYRONINES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; LACTATING RATS; CELLULAR-LEVEL; HOLSTEIN COWS; THYROXINE; PREGNANCY AB Physiological effects of thyroid hormones are mediated primarily by binding of triiodothyronine to specific nuclear receptors. Organ-specific changes in production of triiodothyronine from its prohormone, thyroxine, have been hypothesized to target the action of thyroid hormones on the mammary gland and play a role in mediating or augmenting a galactopoietic response to bovine somatotropin (bST). Additionally, tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormones may be altered by changes in the number or affinity of nuclear receptors for thyroid hormones. In the present study, effects of bST and bovine growth hormone-releasing factor (bGRF) on thyroid hormone receptors in liver and mammary gland were studied. Lactating Holstein cows received continuous infusions of bST or bGRF for 63 d or served as uninfused controls. Nuclei were isolated from harvested mammary and liver tissues and incubated with [(125)I]-triiodothyronine. Treatments did not alter the capacity or affinity of specific binding sites for triiodothyronine in liver or mammary nuclei. Evaluation of transcript abundance for thyroid hormone receptors showed that isoforms of thyroid hormone receptor or retinoid receptor (which may influence thyroid receptor action) expressed in the mammary gland were not altered by bST or bGRF treatment. Data do not support the hypothesis that administration of bST or bGRF alters sensitivity of mammary tissue by changing expression of thyroid hormone receptors. C1 [Capuco, A. V.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Binelli, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Reprod, BR-13635900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. [Tucker, H. A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tony.capuco@ars.usda.gov RI Binelli, Mario/I-5991-2013 OI Binelli, Mario/0000-0002-5995-3944 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 94 IS 10 BP 4915 EP 4921 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-4098 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 824HI UT WOS:000295192600017 PM 21943743 ER PT J AU Tekippe, JA Hristov, AN Heyler, KS Cassidy, TW Zheljazkov, VD Ferreira, JFS Karnati, SK Varga, GA AF Tekippe, J. A. Hristov, A. N. Heyler, K. S. Cassidy, T. W. Zheljazkov, V. D. Ferreira, J. F. S. Karnati, S. K. Varga, G. A. TI Rumen fermentation and production effects of Origanum vulgare L. leaves in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oregano; methane; feed efficiency; dairy cow ID CONTINUOUS-CULTURE SYSTEM; SF6 TRACER TECHNIQUE; ESSENTIAL OILS; MICROBIAL FERMENTATION; PLANT-EXTRACTS; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; METHANE PRODUCTION; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; VITRO; BARLEY AB A lactating cow trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary addition of oregano leaf material (Origanum vulgare L.; OV; 0, control vs. 500 g/d) on ruminal fermentation, methane production, total tract digestibility, manure gas emissions, N metabolism, organoleptic characteristics of milk, and dairy cow performance. Eight primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (6 of which were ruminally cannulated) were used in a crossover design trial with two 21-d periods. Cows were fed once daily. The OV material was top-dressed and mixed with a, portion of the total mixed ration. Cows averaged 80 +/- 12.5 d in milk at the beginning of the trial. Rumen pH, concentration of total and individual volatile fatty acids, microbial protein outflow, and microbial profiles were not affected by treatment. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was increased by OV compared with the control (5.3 vs. 4.3 mM). Rumen methane production, which was measured only within 8 h after feeding, was decreased by OV. Intake of dry matter (average of 26.6 +/- 0.83 kg/d) and apparent total tract digestibly of nutrients did not differ between treatments. Average milk yield, milk protein, lactose, and milk urea nitrogen concentrations were unaffected by treatment. Mill; fat content was increased and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield tended to be increased by OV, compared with the control (3.29 vs. 3.12% and 42.4 vs. 41.0 kg/d, respectively). Fat-corrected (3.5%) milk feed efficiency and milk net energy for lactation (NE(L)) efficiency (milk NE(L) divided by NE(L) intake) were increased by OV compared with the control (1.64 vs. 1.54 kg/kg and 68.0 vs. 64.4%, respectively). Milk sensory parameters were not affected by treatment. Urinary and fecal N losses, and manure ammonia and methane emissions were unaffected by treatment. Under the current experimental conditions, supplementation of dairy cow diets with 500 g/d of OV increased milk fat concentration, feed and milk NE(L) efficiencies, and tended to increase 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield. The sizable decrease in rumen methane production with the OV supplementation occurred within 8 h after feeding and has to be interpreted with caution due to the large within-and between-animal variability in methane emission estimates. The OV was introduced into the rumen as a pulse dose at the time of feeding, thus most likely having larger effect on methane production during the period when methane data were collected. It is unlikely that methane production will be affected to the same extent throughout the entire feeding cycle. C1 [Tekippe, J. A.; Hristov, A. N.; Heyler, K. S.; Cassidy, T. W.; Varga, G. A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zheljazkov, V. D.] Mississippi State Univ, NMREC, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Ferreira, J. F. S.] ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Karnati, S. K.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anh13@psu.edu OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 75 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 94 IS 10 BP 5065 EP 5079 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-4095 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 824HI UT WOS:000295192600032 PM 21943758 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Mertens, DR Phillips, RL AF Jung, H. G. Mertens, D. R. Phillips, R. L. TI Effect of reduced ferulate-mediated lignin/arabinoxylan cross-linking in corn silage on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn silage; ferulate; digestibility; milk production ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; BROWN MIDRIB MUTANT; DAIRY-COWS; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; WALL DEGRADABILITY; PERENNIAL GRASSES; MAIZE GENOTYPES; DIETARY FIBER; DILUTE-ACID AB Cross-linking of lignin to arabinoxylan by ferulates limits in vitro rumen digestibility of grass cell walls. The effect of ferulate cross-linking on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and in vivo digestibility was investigated in ad libitum and restricted-intake digestion trials with lambs, and in a dairy cow performance trial using the low-ferulate sfe corn mutant. Silages of 5 inbred corn lines were fed: W23, 2 W23sfe lines (M04-4 and M04-21), B73, and B73bm3. As expected, the W23sfe silages contained fewer ferulate ether cross-links and B73bm3 silage had a lower lignin concentration than the respective genetic controls. Silages were fed as the sole ingredient to 4 lambs per silage treatment. Lambs were confined to metabolism crates and fed ad libitum for a 12-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d collection period of feed refusals and feces. Immediately following the ad libitum feeding trial, silage offered was limited to 2% of body weight. After a 2-d adaptation to restricted feeding, feed refusals and feces were collected for 5 d. Seventy Holstein cows were blocked by lactation, days in milk, body weight, and milk production and assigned to total mixed ration diets based on the 5 corn silages. Diets were fed for 28 d and data were collected on weekly DMI and milk production and composition. Fecal grab samples were collected during the last week of the lactation trial for estimation of feed digestibility using acid-insoluble ash as a marker. Silage, total mixed ration, feed refusals, and fecal samples were analyzed for crude protein, starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cell wall polysaccharides, and lignin. The W23sfe silages resulted in lower DMI in the ad libitum trial than the W23 silage, but DMI did not differ in the restricted trial. No differences were observed for NDF or cell wall polysaccharide digestibility by lambs with restricted feeding, but the amount of NDF digested daily increased for lambs fed the M04-21 W23sfe silage ad libitum. Lambs were less selective against NDF and lignin when offered W23sfe silages. The B73bm3 silage did not affect DMI or digestibility of cell walls at the restricted feeding level, but total daily NDF digested was greater at ad libitum intake. Intake, milk production, and cell wall digestibility were greater for cows fed diets containing W23sfe silages than for those fed W23 silage. Although milk production was greater for the B73bm3 diet, DMI and cell wall digestibility were not altered. Cows were less selective against cell wall material when fed both W23sfe and B73bm3 silages. Reduced ferulate cross-linking in sfe corn silage is a new genetic mechanism for improving milk production. C1 [Jung, H. G.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, H. G.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jung, H. G.; Phillips, R. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mertens, D. R.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Hans.Jung@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank Wilfred Vermerris (University of Florida, Gainesville) for providing the seed of the B73 and B73bm3 inbred corn lines, Richard Jeo (USDA-ARS, Madison, WI) and many undergraduates for thousands of hand pollinations to increase seed supplies of the 5 inbred lines and laboratory analysis of samples at St. Paul, Minnesota, and staff at the US Dairy Forage Research Center (Madison, WI) for producing the corn silages and for animal care. This research was funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 94 IS 10 BP 5124 EP 5137 DI 10.3168/jds.2011-4495 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 824HI UT WOS:000295192600037 PM 21943763 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, RCLB Kenealy, WR Jeffries, TW AF Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B. Kenealy, William R. Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Xylitol production from DEO hydrolysate of corn stover by Pichia stipitis YS-30 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylitol; Pichia stipitis FPL-YS30; Corn stover hemicellulosic hydrolysate; Nitrogen source; Vapor-phase diethyl oxalate pretreatment; Overliming neutralization ID BAGASSE HEMICELLULOSE HYDROLYSATE; DIETHYL OXALATE PRETREATMENT; CANDIDA-GUILLIERMONDII CELLS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; D-XYLULOKINASE; WOOD CHIPS; DEHYDROGENASE; SOFTWOOD; REMOVAL AB Corn stover that had been treated with vapor-phase diethyl oxalate released a mixture of mono- and oligosaccharides consisting mainly of xylose and glucose. Following overliming and neutralization, a d-xylulokinase mutant of Pichia stipitis, FPL-YS30 (xyl3-a dagger 1), converted the stover hydrolysate into xylitol. This research examined the effects of phosphoric or gluconic acids used for neutralization and urea or ammonium sulfate used as nitrogen sources. Phosphoric acid improved color and removal of phenolic compounds. d-Gluconic acid enhanced cell growth. Ammonium sulfate increased cell yield and maximum specific cell growth rate independently of the acid used for neutralization. The highest xylitol yield (0.61 g(xylitol)/g(xylose)) and volumetric productivity (0.18 g(xylitol)/g(xylose) l) were obtained in hydrolysate neutralized with phosphoric acid. However, when urea was the nitrogen source the cell yield was less than half of that obtained with ammonium sulfate. C1 [Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biotecnol, DEBIQ, Escola Engn Lorena,EEL,USP, BR-12600970 Lorena, SP, Brazil. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] ARS, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kenealy, William R.] Mascoma Corp, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Rodrigues, RCLB (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biotecnol, DEBIQ, Escola Engn Lorena,EEL,USP, POB 116, BR-12600970 Lorena, SP, Brazil. EM rita@debiq.eel.usp.br RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Rodrigues, Rita/B-5201-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; FU CNPq, Brazil [200702/2006-8] FX Rita de C.L.B. Rodrigues gratefully acknowledges financial support by CNPq, Brazil, grant number 200702/2006-8. We thank Tim Scott from Forest Products Laboratory, Madison-WI, USA, for the corn stover. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1649 EP 1655 DI 10.1007/s10295-011-0953-4 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 823AN UT WOS:000295093300004 PM 21424687 ER PT J AU Fulgoni, VL Keast, DR Bailey, RL Dwyer, J AF Fulgoni, Victor L., III Keast, Debra R. Bailey, Regan L. Dwyer, Johanna TI Foods, Fortificants, and Supplements: Where Do Americans Get Their Nutrients? SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ENERGY IMBALANCE; CHILDREN; OBESITY; GAP AB Limited data are available on the source of usual nutrient intakes in the United States. This analysis aimed to assess contributions of micronutrients to usual intakes derived from all sources (naturally occurring, fortified and enriched, and dietary supplements) and to compare usual intakes to the Dietary Reference Intake for U.S. residents aged >= 2 y according to NHANES 2003-2006 (n = 16,110). We used the National Cancer Institute method to assess usual intakes of 19 micronutrients by source. Only a small percentage of the population had total usual intakes (from dietary intakes and supplements) below the estimated average requirement (EAR) for the following: vitamin B-6 (8%), folate (8%), zinc (8%), thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-12, phosphorus, iron, copper, and selenium (<6% for all). However, more of the population had total usual intakes below the EAR for vitamins A, C, D, and E (34, 25, 70, and 60%, respectively), calcium (38%), and magnesium (45%). Only 3 and 35% had total usual intakes of potassium and vitamin K, respectively, greater than the adequate intake. Enrichment and/or fortification largely contributed to intakes of vitamins A, C, and D, thiamin, iron, and folate. Dietary supplements further reduced the percentage of the population consuming less than the EAR for all nutrients. The percentage of the population with total intakes greater than the tolerable upper intake level (UL) was very low for most nutrients, whereas 10.3 and 8.4% of the population had intakes greater than the UL for niacin and zinc, respectively. Without enrichment and/or fortification and supplementation, many Americans did not achieve the recommended micronutrient intake levels set forth in the Dietary Reference Intake. J. Nutr. 141: 1847-1854, 2011. C1 [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI USA. [Bailey, Regan L.] Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fulgoni, VL (reprint author), Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI USA. EM vic3rd@aol.com OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU Fortification Committee of the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute FX Supported by the Fortification Committee of the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Office of Dietary Supplements, the National Cancer Institute, the NIH, CDC, the USDA, or any other entity of the U.S. government. NR 34 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 6 U2 51 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 141 IS 10 BP 1847 EP 1854 DI 10.3945/jn.111.142257 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 824HM UT WOS:000295193000013 PM 21865568 ER PT J AU Acosta-Leal, R Duffy, S Xiong, Z Hammond, RW Elena, SF AF Acosta-Leal, R. Duffy, S. Xiong, Z. Hammond, R. W. Elena, S. F. TI Advances in Plant Virus Evolution: Translating Evolutionary Insights into Better Disease Management SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottleneck; epistasis; fitness; metagenomics; mutation rate; recombination; robustness; transcriptome ID CITRUS-TRISTEZA-VIRUS; YELLOW-VEIN-VIRUS; CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; TOBACCO-ETCH VIRUS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; PROTEIN-INTERACTION MAPS; DEEP SEQUENCING ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; RNA VIRUS AB Acosta-Leal, R., Duffy, S., Xiong, Z., Hammond, R. W., and Elena, S. F. 2011. Advances in plant virus evolution: Translating evolutionary insights into better disease management. Phytopathology 101:1136-1148. Recent studies in plant virus evolution are revealing that genetic structure and behavior of virus and viroid populations can explain important pathogenic properties of these agents, such as host resistance breakdown, disease severity, and host shifting, among others. Genetic variation is essential for the survival of organisms. The exploration of how these subcellular parasites generate and maintain a certain frequency of mutations at the intra- and inter-host levels is revealing novel molecular virus plant interactions. They emphasize the role of host environment in the dynamic genetic composition of virus populations. Functional genomics has identified host factors that are transcriptionally altered after virus infections. The analyses of these data by means of systems biology approaches are uncovering critical plant genes specifically targeted by viruses during host adaptation. Also, a next-generation re-sequencing approach of a whole virus genome is opening new avenues to study virus recombination and the relationships between intra-host virus composition and pathogenesis. Altogether, the analyzed data indicate that systematic disruption of some specific parameters of evolving virus populations could lead to more efficient ways of disease prevention, eradication, or tolerable virus plant coexistence. C1 [Acosta-Leal, R.] Texas AgriLife Res Texas A&M Univ Syst, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Duffy, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Xiong, Z.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hammond, R. W.] ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Elena, S. F.] CSIC UPV, Inst Biol Mol & Celular Plantas, Valencia 46022, Spain. RP Acosta-Leal, R (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res Texas A&M Univ Syst, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM racostaleal@hotmail.com RI Elena, Santiago/A-4191-2011; OI Elena, Santiago/0000-0001-8249-5593; Xiong, Zhongguo/0000-0002-2999-0840; Duffy, Siobain/0000-0003-0753-223X FU NJ Agricultural Experiment Station; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [BFU2009-06993]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO2010/019]; USDA [2003-34399-13764, 2005-34399-16070]; Minnesota-North Dakota Research and Education Board; The Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX R. Acosta-Leal thanks C. M. Rush (AgriLife, Amarillo, TX) for research counseling, and R. L. Jordan (USDA-ARS, MPPL), R. A. Naidu (Washington State University), S. Adkins (USDA-ARS, USHRL), W. L. Schneider (USDA-ARS, Fort Detrick, MD), and R. Wilkie (APS, St. Paul, MN) for logistic support in the realization of the originating symposium. S. Duffy was supported by the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station. S. F. Elena was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (BFU2009-06993) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO2010/019). Work on CTV was supported by funding from USDA grants 2003-34399-13764 and 2005-34399-16070 to Z. Xiong. Work on BNYVV was funded by The Minnesota-North Dakota Research and Education Board, and The Beet Sugar Development Foundation. R. W. Hammond thanks J. M. Crosslin (USDA-ARS, VFGRU) for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 153 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1136 EP 1148 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-11-0017 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 824EN UT WOS:000295185300001 PM 21554186 ER PT J AU Parnell, S Gottwald, TR Irey, MS Luo, W van den Bosch, F AF Parnell, S. Gottwald, T. R. Irey, M. S. Luo, W. van den Bosch, F. TI A Stochastic Optimization Method to Estimate the Spatial Distribution of a Pathogen from a Sample SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; CITRUS CANKER; MANAGEMENT; GEOSTATISTICS; EPIDEMIC; FLORIDA; MODELS; SINGLE AB Parnell, S., Gottwald, T. R., Irey, M. S., Luo, W., and van den Bosch, F. 2011. A stochastic optimization method to estimate the spatial distribution of a pathogen from a sample. Phytopathology 101:1184-1190. Information on the spatial distribution of plant disease can be utilized to implement efficient and spatially targeted disease management interventions. We present a pathogen-generic method to estimate the spatial distribution of a plant pathogen using a stochastic optimization process which is epidemiologically motivated. Based on an initial sample, the method simulates the individual spread processes of a pathogen between patches of host to generate optimized spatial distribution maps. The method was tested on data sets of Huanglongbing of citrus and was compared with a kriging method from the field of geostatistics using the well-established kappa statistic to quantify map accuracy. Our method produced accurate maps of disease distribution with kappa values as high as 0.46 and was able to outperform the kriging method across a range of sample sizes based on the kappa statistic. As expected, map accuracy improved with sample size but there was a high amount of variation between different random sample placements (i.e., the spatial distribution of samples). This highlights the importance of sample placement on the ability to estimate the spatial distribution of a plant pathogen and we thus conclude that further research into sampling design and its effect on the ability to estimate disease distribution is necessary. C1 [Parnell, S.; van den Bosch, F.] Rothamsted Res, Ctr Math & Computat Biol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Irey, M. S.] US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. [Luo, W.] FERA, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. RP Parnell, S (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Ctr Math & Computat Biol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM stephen.parnell@rothamsted.ac.uk RI parnell, stephen/I-7682-2015 OI parnell, stephen/0000-0002-2625-4557 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) FX Rothamsted Research receives support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). This work was partly funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS). We thank T. Gast (U.S. Sugar Corporation) for his part in the collection of the data used in this study and B. Marchant for technical assistance. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1184 EP 1190 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-11-10-0331 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 824EN UT WOS:000295185300006 PM 21916625 ER PT J AU Pusey, PL Stockwell, VO Reardon, CL Smits, THM Duffy, B AF Pusey, P. L. Stockwell, V. O. Reardon, C. L. Smits, T. H. M. Duffy, B. TI Antibiosis Activity of Pantoea agglomerans Biocontrol Strain E325 Against Erwinia amylovora on Apple Flower Stigmas SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIRE BLIGHT PATHOGEN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; GENOME SEQUENCE; IN-VITRO; HERBICOLA; COLONIZATION; ANTAGONISTS; BLOSSOMS; IDENTIFICATION AB Pusey, P. L., Stockwell, V. O., Reardon, C. L., Smits, T. H. M., and Duffy, B. 2011. Antibiosis activity of Pantoea agglomerans biocontrol strain E325 against Erwinia amylovora on apple flower stigmas. Phytopathology 101:1234-1241. Pantoea agglomerans E325, the active ingredient in a commercial product for fire blight control, was previously shown in vitro to produce a unique alkaline- and phosphate-sensitive antibiotic specific to Erwinia amylovora. Antibiosis was evaluated as a mode of antagonism on flower stigmas using two antibiosis-deficient mutants. On King's medium B, mutants E325ad1 and E325ad2 have stable smooth-butyrous or hypermucoid colony morphologies, respectively, and the parental strain E325 exhibits phenotypic plasticity with predominantly hypermucoid colonies accompanied by slower-growing, smooth-butyrous colonies. Mutants were tested against E. amylovora on stigmas of detached flowers of crab apple (Malus mandshurica) in growth chambers and apple (Malus domestica) in the orchard. Epiphytic fitness of the antibiosis-negative mutants was similar or greater than the parental strain as determined by relative area under the population curve (RAUPC). In laboratory and orchard trials, both mutants had significantly lower inhibitory activity against the pathogen (i.e., less reduction of E. amylovora RAUPC) compared with the parental strain. E325 and the mutants caused similar decreases in pH in a broth medium, indicating that acidification, which was previously reported as a possible mechanism of pathogen inhibition on stigmas, is not directly related to antibiosis. In this study we provide the first evidence for E325 antibiosis involved in E. amylovora growth suppression on apple flower stigmas. C1 [Pusey, P. L.; Reardon, C. L.] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Stockwell, V. O.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Smits, T. H. M.; Duffy, B.] Swiss Natl Competence Ctr Fire Blight, Agroscope Changins Wadenswil ACW, CH-8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM Larry.Pusey@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES; Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture (BLW FOAG) FX We thank J. Duffy, B. Steady, and T. Culbertson for technical assistance and Van Well Nursery for providing trees. Funding was provided by the USDA-CSREES and the Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture (BLW FOAG, Fire Blight Pathogen Biocontrol Project). NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1234 EP 1241 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-10-0253 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 824EN UT WOS:000295185300012 PM 21679036 ER PT J AU Hilf, ME AF Hilf, Mark E. TI Colonization of Citrus Seed Coats by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus': Implications for Seed Transmission of the Bacterium SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CA. L. AMERICANUS; REAL-TIME PCR; GREENING DISEASE; SAO-PAULO; SYMPTOMS; SEQUENCE; SINENSIS; BRAZIL; STATE AB Hilf, M. E. 2011. Colonization of citrus seed coats by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus': Implications for seed transmission of the bacterium. Phytopathology 101:1242-1250. Huanglongbing is an economically damaging disease of citrus associated with infection by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. Transmission of the organism via infection of seeds has not been demonstrated but is a concern since some citrus varieties, particularly those used as rootstocks in commercial plantings are propagated from seed. We compared the incidence of detection of 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' DNA in individual fruit peduncles, seed coats, seeds, and in germinated seedlings from 'Sanguenelli' sweet orange and 'Conners' grapefruit fruits sampled from infected trees. Using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) we detected pathogen DNA in nucleic acid extracts of 36 and 100% of peduncles from 'Sanguenelli' and from 'Conners' fruits, respectively. We also detected pathogen DNA in extracts of 37 and 98% of seed coats and in 1.6 and 4% of extracts from the corresponding seeds of 'Sanguenelli' and 'Conners', respectively. Small amounts of pathogen DNA were detected in 10% of 'Sanguenelli' seedlings grown in the greenhouse, but in none of 204 extracts from 'Conners' seedlings. Pathogen DNA was detected in 4.9% and in 89% of seed coats peeled from seeds of 'Sanguenelli' and 'Conners' which were germinated on agar, and in 5% of 'Sanguenelli' but in none of 164 'Conners' seedlings which grew from these seeds on agar. No pathogen DNA was detected in 'Ridge Pineapple' tissue at 3 months post-grafting onto 'Sanguenelli' seedlings, even when pathogen DNA had been detected initially in the 'Sanguenelli' seedling. Though the apparent colonization of 'Conners' seeds was more extensive and nearly uniform compared with 'Sanguenelli' seeds, no pathogen DNA was detected in 'Conners' seedlings grown from these seeds. For either variety, no association was established between the presence of pathogen DNA in fruit peduncles and seed coats and in seedlings. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hilf, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM mark.hilf@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1242 EP 1250 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-11-10-0323 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 824EN UT WOS:000295185300013 PM 21714779 ER PT J AU Gurung, S Goodwin, SB Kabbage, M Bockus, WW Adhikari, TB AF Gurung, Suraj Goodwin, Stephen B. Kabbage, Mehdi Bockus, William W. Adhikari, Tika B. TI Genetic Differentiation at Microsatellite Loci Among Populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola from California, Indiana, Kansas, and North Dakota SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity ID ANAMORPH SEPTORIA-TRITICI; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; F-ST; WHEAT; RECOMBINATION; MARKERS; DNA; FREQUENCIES AB Gurung, S., Goodwin, S. B., Kabbage, M., Bockus, W. W., and Adhikari, T. B. 2011. Genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci among populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola from California, Indiana, Kansas, and North Dakota. Phytopathology 101:1251-1259. Mycosphaerella graminicola causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and is considered one of the most devastating pathogens of that crop in the United States. Although the genetic structures of M. graminicola populations from different countries have been analyzed using various molecular markers, relatively little is known about Al. graminicola populations from geographically distinct areas of the United States and, in particular, of those from spring versus winter wheat. These are exposed to great differences in environmental conditions, length and season of host-free periods, and resistance sources used in geographically separated wheat breeding programs. Thus, there is more likely to be genetic differentiation between populations from spring versus winter wheat than there is among those within each region. To test this hypothesis, 330 single-spore isolates of M. graminicola representing 11 populations (1 from facultative winter wheat in California, 2 from spring wheat in North Dakota, and 8 from winter wheat in Indiana and Kansas) were analyzed for mating type frequency and for genetic variation at 17 microsatellite or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Analysis of clone-corrected data revealed an equal distribution of both mating types in the populations from Kansas, Indiana, and North Dakota, but a deviation from a I:I ratio in the California population. In total, 306 haplotypes were detected, almost all of which were unique in all II populations. High levels of gene diversity (H = 0.31 to 0.56) were observed within the 11 populations. Significant (P <= 0.05) gametic disequilibrium, as measured by the index of association (rBarD), was observed in California, one Indiana population (IND, and three populations (KS1, KS2, and KS3) in Kansas that could not be explained by linkage. Corrected standardized fixation index (G ''(ST)) values were 0.000 to 0.621 between the 11 populations and the majority of pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P <= 0.001), suggesting some differentiation between populations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that there was a small but statistically significant level of genetic differentiation between populations from spring versus winter wheat. However, most of the total genetic variation (>98%) occurred within spring and winter wheat regions while <2% was due to genetic differentiation between these regions. Taken together, these results provide evidence that sexual recombination occurs frequently in the M. graminicola populations sampled and that most populations are genetically differentiated over the major spring- and winter-wheat-growing regions of the United States. C1 [Gurung, Suraj; Adhikari, Tika B.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NDSU Dept 7660, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Goodwin, Stephen B.] Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kabbage, Mehdi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bockus, William W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Adhikari, TB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NDSU Dept 7660, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM tika.adhikari@ndsu.edu OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 FU Agricultural Experiment Stations of Kansas State University; Purdue University; North Dakota State University; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [3602-22000-015-00D] FX This work was supported by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Kansas State University, Purdue University, and North Dakota State University, and by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 3602-22000-015-00D. We thank L. Jackson, University of California at Davis, for providing infected leaf samples. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1251 EP 1259 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-08-10-0212 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 824EN UT WOS:000295185300014 PM 21692645 ER PT J AU Schmale, DG Wood-Jones, AK Cowger, C Bergstrom, GC Arellano, C AF Schmale, D. G. Wood-Jones, A. K. Cowger, C. Bergstrom, G. C. Arellano, C. TI Trichothecene genotypes of Gibberella zeae from winter wheat fields in the eastern USA SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemotype; fusarium head blight; Gibberella zeae; scab; small grains; vomitoxin ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; GRAMINEARUM-SENSU-STRICTO; REDUCED VIRULENCE; GENE; CHEMOTYPES; DISTANCE; PCR; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused principally by Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum), is a devastating disease of small grains such as wheat and barley worldwide. Grain infected with G. zeae may be contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Strains of G. zeae that produce DON may also produce acetylated derivatives of DON: 3-acetyl-DON (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON). Gradients (clines) of 3-ADON genotypes in Canada have raised questions about the distribution of G. zeae trichothecene genotypes in wheat fields in the eastern USA. Tri3 and Tri12 genotypes were evaluated in 998 isolates of G. zeae collected from 39 winter wheat fields in New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY) and North Carolina (NC). Ninety-two percent (919/998) of the isolates were 15-ADON, 7% (69/998) were 3-ADON, and 1% (10/998) was NIV. A phylogenetic analysis based on portions of three genes (PHO, RED and URA) from 23 isolates revealed two species of Fusarium (F. graminearum sensu stricto and one isolate of F. cerealis (synonym F. crookwellense)). An increasing trend of 3-ADON genotypes was observed from NC (south) to NY (north). Punctuated episodes of atmospheric transport may favour a higher frequency of 3-ADON genotypes in the northeastern USA, near Canada, compared with the mid-Atlantic states. Discoveries of the NIV genotype in NY and NC indicate the need for more intensive sampling in the surrounding regions. C1 [Schmale, D. G.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wood-Jones, A. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cowger, C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bergstrom, G. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arellano, C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Schmale, DG (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dschmale@vt.edu FU Virginia Small Grains Board [06-2456-06]; Cornell University [NYC153433] FX We thank D. Cuadra, N. McMaster, C. Perry, D. Reaver, K. Roll, W. Russell, B. Sinclair and J. Sprick for excellent technical assistance in the Schmale lab. We thank C. Albers, M. Dennis, E. DeWolf, K. Fry, C. Grote, A. Grybauskas, J. Hunter, D. Johnson, J. Kinney, D. Mason, D. Morris, J. Patton-Ozkurt and S. VanSickle for coordinating, collecting and/or shipping samples for analysis. This research was supported in part by funding from the Virginia Small Grains Board Project #06-2456-06 and Cornell University Hatch Project NYC153433. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 60 IS 5 BP 909 EP 917 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02443.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 822LF UT WOS:000295047200012 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Gottwald, TR Parker, PE AF Bock, C. H. Gottwald, T. R. Parker, P. E. TI Distribution of canker lesions on the surface of diseased grapefruit SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease management; disease severity; epidemiology; spatial distribution ID AXONOPODIS PV.-CITRI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; WIND-SPEED; DISPERSAL; TREES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WINDBREAKS; SURVIVAL; FRUIT AB The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the distribution of citrus canker lesions (caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) on the surface of grapefruits, and provide evidence for splash-driven infection of fruit. Based on fruit diameter, each fruit was sliced in four by taking three horizontal planes across the vertical axis such that each horizontal zone (Z1-Z4, from peduncle to flower scar) had the same vertical height. Each zone had equal surface area. Lesion number was counted on each zone of the fruit. Although lesion number among fruits was variable, both lesion number and percentage of total lesions showed a decline from the uppermost zone (lesion number: 10 5, 7 0, 3 4 and 2 4; percentage: 44 6, 30 5, 14 4 and 10 5 on Z1-Z4, respectively). General linear modelling (GLM) using a Poisson distribution with a log-link function demonstrated a significant effect of zone and cultivar on lesion number, and significant differences between all zones and both cultivars. An analysis of covariance showed no effect of lesion number on fruit size, although cultivars differed in total lesion count. Canker-susceptible citrus fruit is susceptible for a prolonged period after fruit set and minimizing inoculum and reducing wind speed and splash, and use of copper sprays during that period, will help reduce disease on fruit, particularly on the upper surfaces that appear to be more prone to infection. C1 [Bock, C. H.] ARS, SEFTNRL, USDA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Parker, P. E.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), ARS, SEFTNRL, USDA, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clive.bock@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 60 IS 5 BP 986 EP 991 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02444.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 822LF UT WOS:000295047200020 ER PT J AU Cerin, E Barnett, A AF Cerin, E. Barnett, A. TI Mechanisms linking affective reactions to competition-related and competition-extraneous concerns in male martial artists SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS LA English DT Article DE ESM; martial arts; emotions ID RUGBY UNION PLAYERS; EMOTIONS; MOOD; ANXIETY; STRESS; STATES; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCES; PREDICTORS; DIRECTION AB The main aim of this study was to examine affective linkages between competition-related and competition-extraneous concern domains. A secondary purpose was to establish the contributions of pre-competition affects to post-competition performance appraisals, independent of pre-competition performance expectations. Thirty-nine highly skilled male martial artists were assessed at five random times a day for a week and 1 h before a major competition on affective states and sources of concern. They also reported their performance expectations and post-competition performance appraisals. Affective states triggered by competition-related and competition-extraneous concerns persisted in time. Carry-over effects were stronger after reports of competition-related concerns, emphasizing the subjective importance of the competitive event. Although positive (enjoyment and surprise) and negative (sadness and guilt) affective spill-over was observed from competition-extraneous to competition-related concerns, the reverse held true only for disgust. These findings may be due to the athletes' ability to regulate affective reactions within a sporting setting, in particular. Spill-over from competition-extraneous to competition-related concerns is indicative of a lesser degree of control over work/study and family life. Given that average weekly negative affects and anger/disgust were independent predictors of post-competition performance appraisals, the phenomenon of spill-over and other affective linkage mechanisms in sport warrant further investigation. C1 [Cerin, E.; Barnett, A.] Univ Hong Kong, Inst Human Performance, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cerin, E.; Barnett, A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Barnett, A.] Cent Queensland Univ, Sch Hlth & Human Performance, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. RP Cerin, E (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Inst Human Performance, 111-113 Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ecerin@hku.hk RI Cerin, Ester/L-1271-2015; OI Cerin, Ester/0000-0002-7599-165X; Barnett, Anthony/0000-0002-6320-4073 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-7188 EI 1600-0838 J9 SCAND J MED SCI SPOR JI Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports PD OCT PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 700 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01072.x PG 13 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 822WW UT WOS:000295082200011 PM 21917020 ER PT J AU Jangid, K Williams, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Schmidt, TM Coleman, DC Whitman, WB AF Jangid, Kamlesh Williams, Mark A. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Schmidt, Thomas M. Coleman, David C. Whitman, William B. TI Land-use history has a stronger impact on soil microbial community composition than aboveground vegetation and soil properties SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; PLFA; Bacterial community; Land use; Succession; Tillage; Forest ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; PLANT; DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; ECOSYSTEM; RESTORATION; PATTERNS; BIOMASS; MANAGEMENT; MATTER AB The response of soil microbial communities following changes in land-use is governed by multiple factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) whether soil microbial communities track the changes in aboveground vegetation during succession; and (ii) whether microbial communities return to their native state over time. Two successional gradients with different vegetation were studied at the W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan. The first gradient comprised a conventionally tilled cropland (Cr). mid-succession forest (SF) abandoned from cultivation prior to 1951, and native deciduous forest (OF). The second gradient comprised the Cr cropland, early-succession grassland (ES) restored in 1989, and long-term mowed grassland (MG). With succession, the total microbial PLFAs and soil microbial biomass C consistently increased in both gradients. While bacterial rRNA gene diversity remained unchanged, the abundance and composition of many bacterial phyla changed significantly. Moreover, microbial communities in the relatively pristine DF and MG soils were very similar despite major differences in soil properties and vegetation. After > 50 years of succession, and despite different vegetation, microbial communities in SF were more similar to those in mature DF than in CT. In contrast, even after 17 years of succession, microbial communities in ES were more similar to a than endpoint MG despite very different vegetation between CT and ES. This result suggested a lasting impact of cultivation history on the soil microbial community. With conversion of deciduous to conifer forest (CF), there was a significant change in multiple soil properties that correlated with changes in microbial biomass, rRNA gene diversity and community composition. In conclusion, history of land-use was a stronger determinant of the composition of microbial communities than vegetation and soil properties. Further, microbial communities in disturbed soils apparently return to their native state with time. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jangid, Kamlesh; Whitman, William B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Williams, Mark A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Schmidt, Thomas M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Coleman, David C.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jangid, K (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jangidk@uga.edu OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-0390-1501; Williams, Mark A./0000-0002-4766-9399; Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-8209-6055 FU National Research Initiative; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Prof. Katherine L Gross and Ms. Stacey VanderWulp at KBS provided valuable assistance in identifying the vegetation related information on the sites. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on improving this manuscript considerably. NR 36 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 17 U2 136 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2184 EP 2193 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.022 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 823UZ UT WOS:000295153300022 ER PT J AU Mason, JB AF Mason, Joel B. TI Folate consumption and cancer risk: a confirmation and some reassurance, but we're not out of the woods quite yet SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; FOLIC-ACID; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; PREVENTION; MORTALITY C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joel.mason@tufts.edu NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 94 IS 4 BP 965 EP 966 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.023796 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 822GN UT WOS:000295032100002 PM 21900462 ER PT J AU Bhupathiraju, SN Dawson-Hughes, B Hannan, MT Lichtenstein, AH Tucker, KL AF Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Hannan, Marian T. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Centrally located body fat is associated with lower bone mineral density in older Puerto Rican adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; FRACTURE RISK; MEN AB Background: Fat mass is thought to be protective against osteoporosis, primarily because of its weight-bearing effect. Few studies have evaluated the association between abdominal fat mass (AFM) and bone health beyond its weight-bearing effect. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that higher body weight-adjusted AFM is associated with poor bone health. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 629 Puerto Rican adults aged 47-79 y. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck, trochanter, total femur, and lumbar spine (L2-L4) were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). AFM and total fat mass (TFM) were assessed by using body-composition software from whole-body DXA scans. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were defined as T-scores <= -2.5 and -1.0 to -2.5 SD, respectively, at the respective bone site. Results: After confounders were controlled for, body weight-adjusted AFM was inversely associated with BMD at all 4 bone sites in women and at the femoral neck in men. For TFM, small inverse associations were seen at the trochanter and total femur in women. In men, similar associations were seen at the 3 femur sites. In both sexes, the odds for osteoporosis or osteopenia at each of the femoral sites increased by 10-16% for every 100-g increase in body weight-adjusted AFM. Conclusions: Higher AFM was associated with poor bone health in this Puerto Rican sample. Efforts to reduce abdominal obesity will not only reduce the risk of chronic disease but may also improve bone health. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01231958. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1063-70. C1 [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hannan, Marian T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, 316 Robinson Hall, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kl.tucker@neu.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Bhupathiraju, Shilpa/I-1209-2013; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIH [P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185, R01 AG027087-01A1] FX Supported by grants from the NIH (P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185, and R01 AG027087-01A1). NR 54 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1063 EP 1070 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.016030 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 822GN UT WOS:000295032100015 PM 21865328 ER PT J AU Rashid, U Anwar, F Knothe, G AF Rashid, Umer Anwar, Farooq Knothe, Gerhard TI Biodiesel from Milo (Thespesia populnea L.) seed oil SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Fuel properties; Milo seed oil; Thespesia populnea; Transesterification ID RICE BRAN OIL; FUEL PROPERTIES; METHYL-ESTERS; EMISSIONS; TRANSESTERIFICATION; PETRODIESEL; BLENDS; ENGINE AB There is a need to seek non-conventional seed oil sources for biodiesel production due to issues such as supply and availability as well as food versus fuel. In this context, Milo (Thespesia populnea L.) seed oil was investigated for the first time as a potential non-conventional feedstock for preparation of biodiesel. This is also the first report of a biodiesel fuel produced from a feedstock containing cyclic fatty acids as T. populnea contains 8,9-methylene-8-heptadecenoic (malvalic) and smaller amounts of two cyclopropane fatty acids besides greater amounts of linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. The crude oil extracted from T. populnea seed was transesterified under standard conditions with sodium methoxide as catalyst. Biodiesel derived from T. populnea seed oil exhibited fuel properties of density 880 kg m(-3), kinematic viscosity 4.25 mm(2)/s; cetane number 59.8; flash point 176 degrees C; cloud point 9 degrees C; pour point 8 degrees C; cold filter plugging point 9 degrees C; sulfur content 11 mg kg(-1); water content 150 mg kg(-1); ash content 15 mg kg(-1); and acid value as KOH 250 mg kg(-1). The oxidative stability of 2.91 h would require the use of antioxidants to meet specifications in standards. Generally, most results compared well with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specifications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rashid, Umer] Univ Teknol PETRONAS, Dept Chem Engn, Tronoh 31750, Perak, Malaysia. [Rashid, Umer; Anwar, Farooq] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem & Biochem, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. [Anwar, Farooq] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Food Sci & Technol, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. [Knothe, Gerhard] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rashid, U (reprint author), Univ Teknol PETRONAS, Dept Chem Engn, Tronoh 31750, Perak, Malaysia. EM umer.rashid@yahoo.com; gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov RI Anwar, Farooq/H-6639-2015; Rashid, Umer/C-9986-2011 OI Rashid, Umer/0000-0001-6224-413X NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 35 IS 9 BP 4034 EP 4039 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.06.043 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 820XJ UT WOS:000294939100032 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH Hudy, M Letcher, BH Smith, EP AF Nislow, Keith H. Hudy, Mark Letcher, Benjamin H. Smith, Eric P. TI Variation in local abundance and species richness of stream fishes in relation to dispersal barriers: implications for management and conservation SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barrier removal; culverts; dispersal limitation; fish communities; roads ID BROOK TROUT POPULATION; LOW-HEAD DAMS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; SAMPLING EFFORT; UNITED-STATES; CONNECTIVITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; WISCONSIN AB 1. Barriers to immigration, all else being equal, should in principle depress local abundance and reduce local species richness. These issues are particularly relevant to stream-dwelling species when improperly designed road crossings act as barriers to migration with potential impacts on the viability of upstream populations. However, because abundance and richness are highly spatially and temporally heterogeneous and the relative importance of immigration on demography is uncertain, population-and community-level effects can be difficult to detect. 2. In this study, we tested the effects of potential barriers to upstream movements on the local abundance and species richness of a diverse assemblage of resident stream fishes in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, U. S. A. Fishes were sampled using simple standard techniques above-and below road crossings that were either likely or unlikely to be barriers to upstream fish movements (based on physical dimensions of the crossing). We predicted that abundance of resident fishes would be lower in the upstream sections of streams with predicted impassable barriers, that the strength of the effect would vary among species and that variable effects on abundance would translate into lower species richness. 3. Supporting these predictions, the statistical model that best accounted for variation in abundance and species richness included a significant interaction between location (upstream or downstream of crossing) and type (passable or impassable crossing). Stream sections located above predicated impassable culverts had fewer than half the number of species and less than half the total fish abundance, while stream sections above and below passable culverts had essentially equivalent richness and abundance. 4. Our results are consistent with the importance of immigration and population connectivity to local abundance and species richness of stream fishes. In turn, these results suggest that when measured at appropriate scales (multiple streams within catchments), with simple protocols amenable to use by management agencies, differences in local abundance and species richness may serve as indicators of the extent to which road crossings are barriers to fish movement and help determine whether road-crossing improvements have restored connectivity to stream fish populations and communities. C1 [Nislow, Keith H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hudy, Mark] James Madison Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] USGS BRD Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Smith, Eric P.] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Nislow, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 160 Holdsworth Way UMASS, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 FU USDA Forest Service's National Aquatic Ecology Unit; Northern Research Station; San Dimas Laboratory FX The USDA Forest Service's National Aquatic Ecology Unit, Northern Research Station and San Dimas Laboratory provided funding for this project. We thank Keith Whalen and Dan Gibson-Reimer as well as the Department of Biology at James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, U.S.A, and the Greenbrier Ranger Station in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, U.S.A., for their assistance. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 87 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 56 IS 10 BP 2135 EP 2144 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02634.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 821ZU UT WOS:000295013800016 ER PT J AU Uthe, JJ Qu, L Couture, O Bearson, SMD O'Connor, AM McKean, JD Torres, YR Dekkers, JCM Nettleton, D Tuggle, CK AF Uthe, J. J. Qu, L. Couture, O. Bearson, S. M. D. O'Connor, A. M. McKean, J. D. Torres, Y. R. Dekkers, J. C. M. Nettleton, D. Tuggle, C. K. TI Use of bioinformatic SNP predictions in differentially expressed genes to find SNPs associated with Salmonella colonization in swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Expression analysis; genetic variation; single nucleotide polymorphisms ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE; PORCINE HAPTOGLOBIN; RESOURCE POPULATION; SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN; UNITED-STATES; LYMPH-NODES; PIGS AB Asymptomatic Salmonella-carrier pigs present a major problem in preharvest food safety, with a recent survey indicating >50% of swine herds in the United States have Salmonella-positive animals. Salmonella-carrier pigs serve as a reservoir for contamination of neighbouring pigs, abattoir pens and pork products. In addition, fresh produce as well as water can be contaminated with Salmonella from manure used as fertilizer. Control of Salmonella at the farm level could be through genetic improvement of porcine disease resistance, a potentially powerful method of addressing preharvest pork safety. In this research, we integrate gene expression profiling data and sequence alignment-based prediction of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to successfully identify SNPs in functional candidate genes to test for the associations with swine response to Salmonella. A list of 2527 genes that were differentially regulated in porcine whole blood in response to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were selected. In those genes, SNPs were predicted using ANEXdb alignments based on stringent clustering of all publically available porcine cDNA and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. A set of 30 mostly non-synonymous SNPs were selected for genotype analysis of four independent populations (n = 750) with Salmonella faecal shedding or tissue colonization phenotypes. Nine SNPs segregated with minor allele frequency >= 15% in at least two populations. Statistical analysis revealed SNPs associated with Salmonella shedding, such as haptoglobin (HP, p = 0.001, q = 0.01), neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2 #2, p = 0.04, q = 0.21) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (p = 0.066, q = 0.21). These associations may be useful in identifying and selecting pigs with improved resistance to this bacterium. C1 [Tuggle, C. K.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qu, L.; Nettleton, D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Bearson, S. M. D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [O'Connor, A. M.; McKean, J. D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu RI Qu, Long/I-8528-2012; O'Connor, Annette/E-5591-2010 OI O'Connor, Annette/0000-0003-0604-7822 FU NPB [07-062, 05-176, 08-034]; USDA-NRI; USDA-CSREES [2005-35212-15929]; USDA [2009-35205-05192] FX NPB grant #07-062 has funded the creation of the field pig's DNA bank; the collection of the tissues and all Salmonella incidence data was funded by the USDA-NRI under a grant to A. O'Connor, H. S. Hurd and J. McKean; USDA-CSREES Grant 2005-35212-15929. NPB grant #05-176 funded the NADC-40 pig experiment; NPB grant #08-034 funded genotyping and completion of field population collections. USDA grant #2009-35205-05192 funded the NADC-77 pigs experiment. The phenotypic data and DNA samples for IAH-Compton population were a gift from Pig Improvement Company. We thank Katherine Steffensmeier and Stephen Robinson for isolation of genomic DNA from the field population. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2668 J9 J ANIM BREED GENET JI J. Anim. Breed. Genet. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 128 IS 5 BP 354 EP 365 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2011.00935.x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 821ZV UT WOS:000295013900004 PM 21906181 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Thallman, RM AF Echternkamp, S. E. Thallman, R. M. TI Factors affecting pregnancy rate to estrous synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; fertility; fixed-time artificial insemination; progesterone ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; OVULATION CONTROL; PROGESTERONE; COWS; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; ESTRUS; FERTILITY; FOLLICLES; HEIFERS; OVARIAN AB Application of AI in extensive beef cattle production would be facilitated by protocols that effectively synchronize ovarian follicular development and ovulation to enable fixed-time AI (TAI). The objectives were to determine whether use of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device to administer progesterone in a GnRH-based estrous synchronization protocol would optimize blood progesterone concentrations, improve synchronization of follicular development and estrus, and increase pregnancy rates to TAI in beef cows. Beef cows (n = 1,240) in 6 locations within the US Meat Animal Research Center received 1 of 2 treatments: 1) an injection of GnRH [100 mu g intramuscularly (i.m.)] followed by PGF(2 alpha) (PGF; 25 mg i.m.) 7 d later (CO-Synch), or 2) CO-Synch plus a CIDR during the 7 d between GnRH and PGF injections (CO-Synch + CIDR). Cows received TAI and GnRH (100 mu g i.m.) at 60 h after PGF. Progesterone was measured by RIA in blood samples collected 2 wk before and at initiation of treatment (d 0) and at PGF injection (d 7). Estrous behavior was monitored by Estrotect Heat Detectors. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography 72 to 77 d after TAI. Plasma progesterone concentrations did not differ (P > 0.10) between synchronization protocols at first GnRH injection (d 0), but progesterone was greater (P < 0.01) at PGF injection (d 7) in cows receiving CO-Synch + CIDR vs. CO-Synch as a result of fewer CIDR-treated cows having progesterone <= 1 ng/mL at PGF (10.7 vs. 29.6%, respectively). A greater (P < 0.01) proportion of CO-Synch + CIDR vs. CO-Synch cows were detected in estrus within 60 h after PGF (66.7 vs. 57.8 +/- 2.6%, respectively) and a greater (P < 0.01) proportion were pregnant to TAI (54.6 vs. 44.3 +/- 2.6%, respectively). For both synchronization protocols, cows expressing estrus within 60 h before TAI had a greater pregnancy rate than cows without estrus. For cows with plasma progesterone <= 1 ng/mL at PGF injection, CO-Synch + CIDR increased pregnancy rate (65.2 +/- 5.9 vs. 30.8 +/- 3.4% with vs. without CIDR), whereas pregnancy rates did not differ (P > 0.10) between protocols (52.1 +/- 2.1 vs. 50.0 +/- 2.4%, respectively) when progesterone was >1 ng/mL (treatment x progesterone; P < 0.01). Inclusion of a CIDR in the synchronization protocol increased plasma progesterone concentration, proportion of cows detected in estrus, and pregnancy rate; however, the increase in pregnancy rate from inclusion of the CIDR was primarily in cows with decreasing or low endogenous progesterone secretion during treatment. C1 [Echternkamp, S. E.; Thallman, R. M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Echternkamp, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Sherrill.Echternkamp@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3060 EP 3068 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3549 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 822HP UT WOS:000295034900011 PM 21551349 ER PT J AU Kemp, CM Wheeler, TL AF Kemp, C. M. Wheeler, T. L. TI Effects of manipulation of the caspase system on myofibrillar protein degradation in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE callipyge; caspase; fenretinide; hydrogen peroxide; myofibril; proteolysis ID CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; OVINE CALLIPYGE LOCUS; MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; POSTMORTEM STORAGE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CELL-DEATH; ACTIVATION; FENRETINIDE; PROTEOLYSIS AB Apoptosis via the intrinsic caspase 9 pathway can be induced by oxidative stressors hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and N-(4 hydroxyphenol) rentinamide (fenretinide), a synthetic retinoid. Accelerated muscle atrophy and proteolysis in muscle-wasting conditions have been linked to oxidative stress and activated protease systems. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was that proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins could be manipulated through the induction or inhibition of the caspase system. After slaughter, LM and supraspinatus muscles from callipyge (n = 5) and normal (n = 3) lambs were excised, finely diced, and incubated with treatment buffers containing oxidative stressors fenretinide or H2O2, recombinant caspase 3, caspase-specific inhibitor N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO (DEVD), or control solution. Muscle samples were incubated for 1, 2, 7, and 21 d at 4 degrees C. Activation of the initiator caspase, caspase 9, and myofibrillar protein degradation was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results showed that fenretinide, H2O2, and recombinant caspase 3 increased (P < 0.05) proteolysis of myofibril proteins, whereas DEVD inhibited degradation (P < 0.05). Proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins increased with incubation time (P < 0.0001), and incubation time x treatment interactions (P < 0.05) indicated that the treatment effects did not all occur at the same rate. This study has shown that manipulation of the caspase system through induction or inhibition of activity can affect degradation of myofibrillar proteins, providing further evidence that the caspase system could be involved in postmortem proteolysis and tenderization. However, these stimulated changes were not sufficient to overcome the lack of proteolysis that is characteristic of muscle from callipyge lambs. C1 [Kemp, C. M.; Wheeler, T. L.] ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Tommy.Wheeler@ars.usda.gov FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Rockville, MD) [N01-HD-7-3263] FX Mention of trade names, proprietary products, or specified equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. Anti-desmin (clone D3) was developed by D. A. Fischman and obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank maintained by the University of Iowa, Department of Biological Science, Iowa City 52242, under contract N01-HD-7-3263 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Rockville, MD). The authors are grateful to Dave Kohmetscher, Ron Harris, and Ken Ostdiek (Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE) for their assistance in the execution of this experiment and to Marilyn Bierman (Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS) for her secretarial assistance. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3262 EP 3271 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3552 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 822HP UT WOS:000295034900029 PM 21622882 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Leytem, AB Bjorneberg, DL AF Dungan, R. S. Leytem, A. B. Bjorneberg, D. L. TI Concentrations of airborne endotoxin and microorganisms at a 10,000-cow open-freestall dairy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE airborne; bioaerosol; concentrated animal-feeding operation; dairy; endotoxin; manure ID SWINE CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS; OPEN-LOT; EXPOSURE; BACTERIA; BIOAEROSOLS; OPERATIONS; WORKERS; DISPERSAL; TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL AB Confined animal production systems produce increased bioaerosol concentrations, which are a potential respiratory health risk to individuals on site and downwind. In this longitudinal study, airborne endotoxin and microorganisms were collected during the spring, summer, and fall at a large, open-freestall dairy in southern Idaho. Compared with the background ambient atmosphere, both endotoxin and culturable heterotrophic bacteria concentrations were up to several-hundred-fold greater 50 m downwind from the facility, then decreased to near background concentrations at 200 m. However, downwind fungi concentrations were not increased above background concentrations. At 50 m downwind, the average inhalable endotoxin concentration ranged from 5 to 4,243 endotoxin units per m(-3), whereas bacteria concentrations ranged from 102 to 104 cfu per m(-3) of air. Although the bioaerosol concentrations did not follow a seasonal trend, they did significantly correlate with meteorological factors. Increasing temperature was found to be positively correlated with increasing bacteria (r = 0.15, P < 0.05), fungi (r = 0.14, P < 0.05), and inhalable endotoxin (r = 0.32, P < 0.001) concentrations, whereas an inverse relationship occurred between the concentration and solar radiation. The airborne concentrations at 50 m were also found to be greatest at night, which can likely be attributed to changes in animal activity and wind speed and reduced exposure of the airborne microorganisms to UV radiation. C1 [Dungan, R. S.; Leytem, A. B.; Bjorneberg, D. L.] ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, USDA, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, USDA, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3300 EP 3309 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4002 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 822HP UT WOS:000295034900032 PM 21551347 ER PT J AU Rault, JL Lay, DC AF Rault, J. -L. Lay, D. C., Jr. TI Nitrous oxide by itself is insufficient to relieve pain due to castration in piglets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analgesic; anesthetic; castration; gas; nitrous oxide; piglet ID INHALATION ANESTHESIA; YOUNG-PIGS; VOCALIZATION; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY AB Surgical castration is performed on most male piglets in the United States. However, castration is painful and analgesics have been considered to relieve pain. Inhalant gases with analgesic properties allow for a fast induction, have short-term and reversible effects, and are a needle-free option. Nitrous oxide (N(2)O; "laughing gas") has been widely used in human surgery and dental offices as an analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic drug, yet N(2)O has not been thoroughly investigated for use in farm animals. We hypothesized that the analgesic effect of N(2)O could reduce the pain experienced by piglets during or immediately after castration. Twenty-four male piglets, from 12 litters, were castrated at 3 d of age. One piglet received N(2)O and a littermate received air as a control. After 150 s of exposure to the gas, castration was performed while the piglet remained exposed to the gas. Agitation scores and total vocalization length were recorded during castration. Behavioral observations were continued for 3 d postcastration by using a 5-min scan-sampling method for 4 h the first morning and for 2-h periods in the morning and afternoon of each day thereafter. Body weight gain was measured on the day before castration, at 3 d postcastration, and at weaning. Data were analyzed using a mixed model in SAS (Cary, NC). Nitrous oxide successfully induced anesthesia in all N(2)O piglets, as validated by a skin pinch test and the loss of the palpebral reflex. Total vocalization length was shorter in piglets receiving N(2)O during the induction phase (P = 0.003) but was not different during castration itself because piglets receiving N(2)O awoke and vocalized as much as control piglets (P = 0.87). Agitation scores during the whole procedure were reduced in piglets receiving N(2)O in both frequency (P = 0.005) and intensity (P = 0.026). For 2 h after castration, piglets receiving N(2)O displayed less huddling behavior than did control piglets (P = 0.01). Over the 3 d, piglets receiving N(2)O performed more tail wagging (P = 0.02) and tended to show fewer sleep spasms (P = 0.06) than did control piglets. Piglets given N(2)O tended to have a reduced growth rate compared with control piglets at 3 d postcastration and at weaning (P = 0.05 and P = 0.06, respectively). Nitrous oxide was effective in inducing anesthesia in neonatal piglets during handling. Nonetheless, its analgesic effects appeared insufficient in preventing castration-induced pain. C1 [Rault, J. -L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lay, D. C., Jr.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rault, JL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Jrault@purdue.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3318 EP 3325 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4104 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 822HP UT WOS:000295034900034 PM 21622873 ER PT J AU Suen, G Stevenson, DM Bruce, DC Chertkov, O Copeland, A Cheng, JF Detter, C Detter, JC Goodwin, LA Han, CS Hauser, LJ Ivanova, NN Kyrpides, NC Land, ML Lapidus, A Lucas, S Ovchinnikova, G Pitluck, S Tapia, R Woyke, T Boyum, J Mead, D Weimer, PJ AF Suen, Garret Stevenson, David M. Bruce, David C. Chertkov, Olga Copeland, Alex Cheng, Jan-Feng Detter, Chris Detter, John C. Goodwin, Lynne A. Han, Cliff S. Hauser, Loren J. Ivanova, Natalia N. Kyrpides, Nikos C. Land, Miriam L. Lapidus, Alla Lucas, Susan Ovchinnikova, Galina Pitluck, Sam Tapia, Roxanne Woyke, Tanja Boyum, Julie Mead, David Weimer, Paul J. TI Complete Genome of the Cellulolytic Ruminal Bacterium Ruminococcus albus 7 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE AB Ruminococcus albus 7 is a highly cellulolytic ruminal bacterium that is a member of the phylum Firmicutes. Here, we describe the complete genome of this microbe. This genome will be useful for rumen microbiology and cellulosome biology and in biofuel production, as one of its major fermentation products is ethanol. C1 [Suen, Garret] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stevenson, David M.; Weimer, Paul J.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bruce, David C.; Copeland, Alex; Cheng, Jan-Feng; Detter, Chris; Detter, John C.; Goodwin, Lynne A.; Han, Cliff S.; Hauser, Loren J.; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Land, Miriam L.; Lapidus, Alla; Lucas, Susan; Ovchinnikova, Galina; Pitluck, Sam; Tapia, Roxanne; Woyke, Tanja] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Bruce, David C.; Chertkov, Olga; Detter, Chris; Detter, John C.; Goodwin, Lynne A.; Han, Cliff S.; Tapia, Roxanne] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hauser, Loren J.; Land, Miriam L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Boyum, Julie; Mead, David] Univ Wisconsin Madison, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Boyum, Julie; Mead, David] Lucigen Corp, Middleton, WI USA. RP Suen, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Bacteriol, 4455 MSB,1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gsuen@wisc.edu; paul.weimer@ars.usda.gov RI Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Suen, Garret/0000-0002-6170-711X FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Cooperative Research and Development between the USDA-ARS [58-3K-95-8-1291]; Lucigen Corporation; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science grant DE-FC02-07ER64494) and by Cooperative Research and Development Agreement 58-3K-95-8-1291 between the USDA-ARS and Lucigen Corporation. The work conducted by the U. S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 193 IS 19 BP 5574 EP 5575 DI 10.1128/JB.05621-11 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 819LE UT WOS:000294826200079 PM 21914885 ER PT J AU Arango-Velez, A Zwiazek, JJ Thomas, BR Tyree, MT AF Arango-Velez, Adriana Zwiazek, Janusz J. Thomas, Barb R. Tyree, Melvin T. TI Stomatal factors and vulnerability of stem xylem to cavitation in poplars SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID WATER-STRESS TOLERANCE; EASTERN COTTONWOOD CLONES; 4 HYBRID PROGENY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; WOODY-PLANTS; SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT; RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA AB The relationships between the vulnerability of stem xylem to cavitation, stomatal conductance, stomatal density, and leaf and stem water potential were examined in six hybrid poplar (P38P38, Walker, Okanese, Northwest, Assiniboine and Berlin) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) clones. Stem xylem cavitation resistance was examined with the Cavitron technique in well-watered plants grown in the greenhouse. To investigate stomatal responses to drought, plants were subjected to drought stress by withholding watering for 5 (mild drought) and 7 (severe drought) days and to stress recovery by rewatering severely stressed plants for 30 min and 2 days. The clones varied in stomatal sensitivity to drought and vulnerability to stem xylem cavitation. P38P38 reduced stomatal conductance in response to mild stress while the balsam poplar clone maintained high leaf stomatal conductance under more severe drought stress conditions. Differences between the severely stressed clones were also observed in leaf water potentials with no or relatively small decreases in Assiniboine, P38P38, Okanese and Walker. Vulnerability to drought-induced stem xylem embolism revealed that balsam poplar and Northwest clones reached loss of conductivity at lower stem water potentials compared with the remaining clones. There was a strong link between stem xylem resistance to cavitation and stomatal responsiveness to drought stress in balsam poplar and P38P38. However, the differences in stomatal responsiveness to mild drought suggest that other drought-resistant strategies may also play a key role in some clones of poplars exposed to drought stress. C1 [Arango-Velez, Adriana; Zwiazek, Janusz J.; Thomas, Barb R.; Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Thomas, Barb R.] Alberta Pacific Forest Ind Inc, Boyle, AB T0A 0M0, Canada. [Tyree, Melvin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Zwiazek, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM janusz.zwiazek@ualberta.ca OI Thomas, Barb R./0000-0002-9718-9297 FU Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc. (Al-Pac); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc. (Al-Pac) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for funding of this project and David Kamelchuk from Al-Pac for collecting the plant material. We also thank Miles Dyck for helping with calculations of soil relative water content, Jose M. Blanco for helpful discussions and guidance with the statistical analysis, David Galvez for help with the gas exchange measurements, and Randy Mandrik for advice with the stomatal measurements. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 143 IS 2 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01489.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 822AB UT WOS:000295014500005 PM 21623799 ER PT J AU Bajsa, J Pan, ZQ Duke, SO AF Bajsa, Joanna Pan, Zhiqiang Duke, Stephen O. TI Transcriptional responses to cantharidin, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID 2A REGULATORY SUBUNIT; CELL-CYCLE MUTANT; CATALYTIC-SUBUNIT; DEFENSE RESPONSES; SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASES; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; DEPHOSPHORYLATES GAMMA-H2AX; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION AB Cantharidin is a natural compound isolated from the blister beetle (Epicauta spp.). It is a potent inhibitor of protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PPPs), especially PP2A and PP4. Protein phosphatases and kinases maintain a sensitive balance between dephosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of appropriate proteins, thereby playing important roles in signal transduction pathways and regulation of gene expression, cellular proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis and other processes. The foliage of 12-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was treated with 200 mu M (IC(30)) of the PPP inhibitor cantharidin, and the entire transcriptome profile was determined by microarray analysis at 2, 10 and 24 h after treatment. The transcription of approximately 10% (2577) of the 24 000 genes of Arabidopsis changed significantly (P <= 0.05 and signal log ratios: >= 1 or <=-1) after treatment. Inhibition of PPPs significantly reduced transcription of genes associated with auxin and light signaling and induced expression of genes involved in the hypersensitive response and in flagellin and abscisic acid signaling. The great variety of up- and downregulated genes in this microarray experiment implied that cantharidin interfered with the activities of PPPs that interact directly or indirectly with receptors or are located near the beginning of signal transduction pathways. In many cases, PPPs interact with protein complexes of various receptors such as ethylene or light sensors localized in different cell compartments. They function as negative regulators modifying receptor functions, thus altering signaling that influences transcriptional responses. C1 [Bajsa, Joanna; Pan, Zhiqiang; Duke, Stephen O.] Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. EM stephen.duke@ars.usda.gov NR 88 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 143 IS 2 BP 188 EP 205 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01494.x PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 822AB UT WOS:000295014500008 PM 21668865 ER PT J AU Hiremath, PJ Farmer, A Cannon, SB Woodward, J Kudapa, H Tuteja, R Kumar, A BhanuPrakash, A Mulaosmanovic, B Gujaria, N Krishnamurthy, L Gaur, PM KaviKishor, PB Shah, T Srinivasan, R Lohse, M Xiao, YL Town, CD Cook, DR May, GD Varshney, RK AF Hiremath, Pavana J. Farmer, Andrew Cannon, Steven B. Woodward, Jimmy Kudapa, Himabindu Tuteja, Reetu Kumar, Ashish BhanuPrakash, Amindala Mulaosmanovic, Benjamin Gujaria, Neha Krishnamurthy, Laxmanan Gaur, Pooran M. KaviKishor, Polavarapu B. Shah, Trushar Srinivasan, Ramamurthy Lohse, Marc Xiao, Yongli Town, Christopher D. Cook, Douglas R. May, Gregory D. Varshney, Rajeev K. TI Large-scale transcriptome analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an orphan legume crop of the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chickpea; next generation sequencing; transcriptome; drought-responsive genes; markers ID MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENOME ANALYSIS; SSR-MARKERS; STRESS; GENERATION; DATABASE; CONSTRUCTION; INTEGRATION AB Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop in the semi-arid regions of Asia and Africa. Gains in crop productivity have been low however, particularly because of biotic and abiotic stresses. To help enhance crop productivity using molecular breeding techniques, next generation sequencing technologies such as Roche/454 and Illumina/Solexa were used to determine the sequence of most gene transcripts and to identify drought-responsive genes and gene-based molecular markers. A total of 103 215 tentative unique sequences (TUSs) have been produced from 435 018 Roche/454 reads and 21 491 Sanger expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Putative functions were determined for 49 437 (47.8%) of the TUSs, and gene ontology assignments were determined for 20 634 (41.7%) of the TUSs. Comparison of the chickpea TUSs with the Medicago truncatula genome assembly (Mt 3.5.1 build) resulted in 42 141 aligned TUSs with putative gene structures (including 39 281 predicted intron/splice junctions). Alignment of similar to 37 million Illumina/Solexa tags generated from drought-challenged root tissues of two chickpea genotypes against the TUSs identified 44 639 differentially expressed TUSs. The TUSs were also used to identify a diverse set of markers, including 728 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 495 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 387 conserved orthologous sequence (COS) markers, and 2088 intron-spanning region (ISR) markers. This resource will be useful for basic and applied research for genome analysis and crop improvement in chickpea. C1 [Hiremath, Pavana J.; Kudapa, Himabindu; Tuteja, Reetu; Kumar, Ashish; BhanuPrakash, Amindala; Gujaria, Neha; Krishnamurthy, Laxmanan; Gaur, Pooran M.; Shah, Trushar; Varshney, Rajeev K.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Hiremath, Pavana J.; KaviKishor, Polavarapu B.] Osmania Univ, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Farmer, Andrew; Woodward, Jimmy; May, Gregory D.] NCGR, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Cannon, Steven B.; Mulaosmanovic, Benjamin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. [Srinivasan, Ramamurthy] NRCPB, New Delhi, India. [Lohse, Marc] MPIMPP, Potsdam, Germany. [Xiao, Yongli; Town, Christopher D.] JCVI, Rockville, MD USA. [Cook, Douglas R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Varshney, Rajeev K.] CIMMYT, GCP, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Varshney, RK (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM r.k.varshney@cgiar.org RI Srinivasan, R/D-2129-2009; Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014 OI Srinivasan, R/0000-0002-3875-6650; Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131 FU CGIAR, Mexico; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), USA; National Fund of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR); Department of Biotechnology (DBT) of Government of India FX The authors are thankful to the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme (GCP), Mexico; the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), USA; the National Fund of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) of Government of India for financial support of the study. Thanks are also due to Spurthi Nayak and Mahendar Thudi of ICRISAT and Nathan Weeks of USDA-ARS for their help while carrying out this study. NR 52 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 9 IS 8 BP 922 EP 931 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00625.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 822JW UT WOS:000295042200011 PM 21615673 ER PT J AU Arias, RS Molin, WT Ray, JD Peel, MD Scheffler, BE AF Arias, R. S. Molin, W. T. Ray, J. D. Peel, M. D. Scheffler, B. E. TI Isolation and characterisation of the first microsatellite markers for Cyperus rotundus SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE purple nutsedge; STR; simple sequence repeats; simple sequence repeat; molecular markers; Cyperus esculentus; yellow nutsedge; minisatellite; nutgrass ID GENETIC-MARKERS; WEED; CALIFORNIA; SPREAD; HETEROZYGOSITY; POPULATIONS; GLYPHOSATE; CYPERACEAE; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCES AB This is the first report of microsatellite markers for Cyperus rotundus. A total of 191 sequence-specific microsatellite markers were isolated and used to screen 12 accessions of C. rotundus and one accession of Cyperus esculentus collected from 10 different countries. Polymorphisms were observed in 49% of the markers tested, 22% of the markers were monomorphic and 29% had weak or no amplification. The best 57 markers are reported, and cluster analysis was used to analyse their resolving power. BLASTx screening of the contig sequences was also performed. Multiallelic loci over all samples ranged from 24% to 60%. The maximum number of alleles detected by the markers suggests a polyploidy nature of all C. rotundus accessions tested, except for the sample N25-Brazil. Chromosome number was determined for N12-Taiwan and used as an internal flow cytometry standard to estimate the amount of DNA within haploid nuclei of the remaining material. Chromosome numbers estimated for C. rotundus were 16 and 24. The markers identified in this study can be used for the identification of biotypes and detection of potential crosses of C. rotundus, to implement management practices for the effective control of this weed. C1 [Arias, R. S.; Scheffler, B. E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Molin, W. T.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ray, J. D.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Peel, M. D.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Unit, Logan, UT USA. RP Arias, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM renee.arias@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU USDA-ARS [6402-21310-003-00] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS project number 6402-21310-003-00. We thank Ms. Xiaofen (Fanny) Liu for library sequencing and Ms. Sheron A. Simpson for testing the SSR markers. No conflicts of interest have been declared. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 51 IS 5 BP 451 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00861.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 822JQ UT WOS:000295041600004 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, SJ Grant, DW AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. Grant, Douglas W. TI Reducing agricultural GHG emissions: role of biotechnology, organic systems and consumer behavior SO CARBON MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE agricultural biotechnology; best management practices; genetically modified organism; GHG intensity; organic cropping C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Grant, Douglas W.] Anim Plant Hlth Insepect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NRRC Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM steve.delgrosso@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-3004 J9 CARBON MANAG JI Carbon Manag. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 2 IS 5 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.4155/CMT.11.47 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V27ZG UT WOS:000208650500004 ER PT J AU Holland, JB Coles, ND AF Holland, James B. Coles, Nathan D. TI QTL Controlling Masculinization of Ear Tips in a Maize (Zea mays L.) Intraspecific Cross SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE maize recombinant inbred lines; floral sex determination; quantitative trait loci ID SEX DETERMINATION; MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; TEOSINTE; EVOLUTION; DOMINANCE; RESOURCE; ORIGIN; LOCI; GENE AB Maize is unique among cereal grasses because of its monoecious flowering habit. Male flowers are normally restricted to the tassel that terminates the primary shoot, whereas female flowers occur as ears at the terminal nodes of lateral branches. We observed Ki14, a tropical maize inbred that produces an ear tipped by a staminate (male) spike under certain environmental conditions, such as long daylengths. Recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between temperate line B97, which was never observed to produce a staminate ear tip, and Ki14 segregated for the trait under long daylengths. Some progeny lines that had even longer staminate tips than Ki14 were male fertile. We mapped three QTL controlling staminate ear tip using a two-part (binomial plus normal) model. A major QTL on chromosome 3 had a large effect on penetrance of the trait (whether a line would produce staminate ear tips or not) as well as its severity (the length of the staminate tip). This QTL seems to be linked to, but at a distinct position from, a previously mapped QTL controlling the proportion of staminate florets in ears in progeny from crosses between maize and teosinte. Two additional QTL affecting staminate ear tip severity overlapped with QTL controlling photoperiod response previously mapped in this population. Alleles conferring photoperiod sensitivity for delayed flowering at these QTL seem to enhance the production of staminate ear tips under long daylengths. C1 [Holland, James B.; Coles, Nathan D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Holland, James B.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, 1238 Williams Hall,Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU USDA Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems multidisciplinary [2001-52101-11507]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, IOS-0820619]; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by a USDA Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems multidisciplinary training grant (award 2001-52101-11507), the National Science Foundation (DBI-0321467 and IOS-0820619), and USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 1 IS 5 BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1534/g3.111.000786/-/DC1 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055IE UT WOS:000312408200002 PM 22384344 ER PT J AU Garczynski, SF Unruh, TR Guedot, C Neven, LG AF Garczynski, Stephen F. Unruh, Thomas R. Guedot, Christelle Neven, Lisa G. TI Characterization of three transcripts encoding small heat shock proteins expressed in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alpha-crystallin domain; heat shock response; qPCR ID ATMOSPHERE QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN; COMBINATION HEAT; EFFICACY TESTS; SWEET CHERRIES; BOMBYX-MORI; GENES AB Codling moth is a major pest of apples and pears worldwide. Increasing knowledge of how this insect responds to environmental stress will improve field and post-harvest control measures used against it. The small heat shock proteins (sHsps) play a major role in cellular responses to environmental stressors. A degenerate oligonucleotide primer, designed against the conserved alpha-crystallin domain, was used in 3' rapid amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) ends reactions to amplify transcripts encoding sHsps expressed in the codling moth cell line, Cp169, subjected to heat shock. Three full-length cDNAs were cloned from Cp169 cells that contained open reading frames encoding sHsps. The cDNA for CpHsp 19.8 was 795 bp encoding 177 amino acids. The cDNA for CpHsp 19.9 was 749 bp encoding 175 amino acids. The cDNA for CpHsp22.2 was 737 bp encoding 192 amino acids. Analysis of the protein sequences of the three CpHsps indicated the presence of 83 amino acids with homology to the alpha-crystallin domain. For each of the CpHsps, the alpha-crystallin domain was surrounded by divergent N- and C-terminal regions, consistent with the conserved structural features of sHsps. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, used to determine the expression patterns of each of the sHsps in different developmental stages of codling moth revealed the presence of transcripts in all stages tested. Consistent with characteristics of other sHsps, expression of CpHsp transcripts were greatly enhanced when insects were subjected to heat shock. The results of this research can be used as a guide to study the roles of sHsps in codling moth control using various post-harvest treatments. C1 [Garczynski, Stephen F.; Unruh, Thomas R.; Guedot, Christelle; Neven, Lisa G.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Garczynski, SF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM steve.garczynski@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We thank Drs. Kevin Clark, Peter Landolt and Tonja Fisher for critical review of this manuscript. Ms. Jennifer Stout is thanked for her technical assistance. This research was supported by a Grant from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01401.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 825KL UT WOS:000295272500001 ER PT J AU Mulliniks, JT Cox, SH Kemp, ME Endecott, RL Waterman, RC VanLeeuwen, DM Torell, LA Petersen, MK AF Mulliniks, J.T. Cox, S. H. Kemp, M. E. Endecott, R. L. Waterman, R. C. VanLeeuwen, D. M. Torell, L. A. Petersen, M. K. TI Protein and glucogenic precursor supplementation: A nutritional strategy to increase reproductive and economic output SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average rainfall; beef cow; glucogenic precursor; reproduction; supplementation ID BEEF-CATTLE; COWS; RUMINANTS; DIETS AB Reproductive performance in young beef cows is often compromised due to a mismatch of physiological demands and suboptimal environmental conditions. Studies conducted at the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center from 2000 to 2007 evaluated 3 postpartum supplement strategies that varied in the amount of glucogenic potential (GP) supplied. Reproductive variables, milk production, and serum metabolites were used to assess supplement effectiveness and economics associated with 2- and 3-yr-old beef cows (n = 379) grazing native range. Supplements were individually fed twice/week at 1,135 g/d (2003 to 2004) or 908 g/d (all other years) and provided 1) 327 g of CP, 109 to 118 g of RUP (CON); 2) 327 to 341 g of CP, 142 to 157 g of RUP (RUP); or 3) 327 g of CP, 151 to 173 g of RUP + 40 to 100 g of propionate salt (PS; RUP+PS). Ultimately, total GP for CON, RUP, and RUP+PS was 44 to 47, 57 to 70, and 93 to 141 g, respectively. Blood samples were collected once/week (2000) or twice/week (2001 to 2007) for progesterone analysis to estimate days to resumption of estrus. Cows were exposed to bulls for 60 d or less, and pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation at weaning. Days to resumption of estrus after calving decreased linearly (P = 0.02), resulting in an increased pregnancy rate (P = 0.03) with increasing GP. Milk production exhibited a quadratic (P = 0.04) response to increasing GP, with cows fed RUP producing the most amount of milk. However, a linear decrease (P = 0.07) in days from BW nadir to estrus was found with increasing GP. Total kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed for the supplemental year and subsequent year was increased linearly (P = 0.07) with increased GP. The improvement in pregnancy rate by supplementing RUP+ PS resulted in an increase in total revenue of 18% compared with CON-fed cows and 9.5% compared with RUP-fed cows in the subsequent year after supplementation. These data suggest feeding young cows additional GP in the form of PS allows for partitioning of nutrients away from milk production and toward reproduction, allowing for increased profitability by increasing pregnancy rates and decreasing days to resumption of estrus. C1 [Waterman, R. C.; Petersen, M. K.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Mulliniks, J.T.; Cox, S. H.; Kemp, M. E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Endecott, R. L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [VanLeeuwen, D. M.] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Biometr Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Torell, L. A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Petersen, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mark.petersen@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3334 EP 3343 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3286 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 822HP UT WOS:000295034900036 PM 21622883 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B. TI VITAMIN D, CALCIUM & BONE-WHAT'S THE LATEST? SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID RISK C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 22 SU 5 BP S684 EP S685 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 012TC UT WOS:000309258500013 ER PT J AU Alananbeh, KM Mathew, F Meyer, S Jordahl, J Gudmestad, N Gulya, T Markell, S AF Alananbeh, K. M. Mathew, F. Meyer, S. Jordahl, J. Gudmestad, N. Gulya, T. Markell, S. TI Identification and pathogenic characterization of Fusarium spp. on sunflower in the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT North-Central-Division Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 15-17, 2011 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Alananbeh, K. M.; Mathew, F.; Meyer, S.; Jordahl, J.; Gudmestad, N.; Markell, S.] North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA. [Gulya, T.] USDA ARS, Northern Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 SU S PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V45JG UT WOS:000209812300002 ER PT J AU Friskop, AJ Schatz, B Mathew, F Hendrickson, P Gulya, T Markell, S AF Friskop, A. J. Schatz, B. Mathew, F. Hendrickson, P. Gulya, T. Markell, S. TI Sunflower hybrid susceptibility and the impact on yield to sunflower rust in North Dakota SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT North-Central-Division Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 15-17, 2011 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Schatz, B.; Hendrickson, P.] Carrington Res Extens Ctr, Carrington, ND USA. [Friskop, A. J.; Mathew, F.; Markell, S.] North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA. [Gulya, T.] USDA ARS, Northern Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 SU S PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V45JG UT WOS:000209812300010 ER PT J AU Gulya, TJ Markell, SG McMullen, MV Harveson, RM Osborne, LE AF Gulya, T. J. Markell, S. G. McMullen, M. V. Harveson, R. M. Osborne, L. E. TI Emergence of new virulent races of Plasmopara halstedii inciting downy mildew on sunflower in the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT North-Central-Division Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 15-17, 2011 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Markell, S. G.; McMullen, M. V.] NDSU, Fargo, ND USA. [Osborne, L. E.] SDSU, Brookings, SD USA. [Gulya, T. J.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. [Harveson, R. M.] Univ Nebraska, Scotts Bluff, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 SU S PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V45JG UT WOS:000209812300016 ER PT J AU Kuwitzky, BE Covey, PA Webb, KM AF Kuwitzky, B. E. Covey, P. A. Webb, K. M. TI Research solutions in a non-model system: Developing tools to understand sugar beet-Fusarium oxysporum interactions SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT North-Central-Division Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 15-17, 2011 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Kuwitzky, B. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Covey, P. A.; Webb, K. M.] USDA ARS, Sugar Beet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 SU S PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V45JG UT WOS:000209812300026 ER PT J AU Mcmechan, AJ Hein, GL Tantineni, S French, R AF Mcmechan, A. J. Hein, G. L. Tantineni, S. French, R. TI Differential transmission of Triticum mosaic virus across wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella K.) colonies collected within the Great Plains SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT North-Central-Division Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 15-17, 2011 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Mcmechan, A. J.; Hein, G. L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE USA. [Tantineni, S.; French, R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 SU S PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V45JG UT WOS:000209812300032 ER PT J AU Patel, JS Mamidi, S Bonman, J Adhikari, TB AF Patel, J. S. Mamidi, S. Bonman, J. Adhikari, T. B. TI Identification of QTL contributing tan spot resistance to a novel isolate of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in spring wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT North-Central-Division Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 15-17, 2011 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, N Cent Div C1 [Patel, J. S.; Mamidi, S.; Adhikari, T. B.] North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA. [Bonman, J.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2011 VL 101 SU S PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V45JG UT WOS:000209812300038 ER PT J AU Gomes, SR Picanco, JB Colley, E Agudo-Padron, AI Nakano, E Thome, JW AF Gomes, Suzete R. Picanco, Juliane B. Colley, Eduardo Agudo-Padron, Aisur Ignacio Nakano, Eliana Thome, Jose W. TI newly introduced and invasive land slug in Brazil: Meghimatium pictum (Gastropoda, Philomycidae) from China SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA LA English DT Article DE mollusk; exotic; herbivore; Pallifera AB The land slug Meghimatium pictum (Stoliczka, 1873), native to China, is recorded for the first time in Brazil. This is also the first record of a species of the eastern Asiatic genus Meghimatium on the American continents. The species was identified using morphological criteria and analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI. Our records indicate this species is widely distributed in southern and southeastern Brazil, in the States of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, in disturbed and natural areas. We morphologically characterize M. pictum (external characteristics, reproductive system, jaw and radula) and provide some biological information based on field observations. We also discuss when M. pictzun was probably introduced, from whence it came, possible pathways of introduction, and its characteristics as an invasive species and potential agricultural pest. C1 [Gomes, Suzete R.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, USDA APHIS PPQ NIS, Natl Malacol Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Picanco, Juliane B.] Fac Biociencias, Lab Genet Humana & Mol, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Colley, Eduardo] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, Programa Posgrad Zool, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Agudo-Padron, Aisur Ignacio] Projeto Avulsos Malacol AM, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Nakano, Eliana] Inst Butantan, Lab Parasitol Malacol, BR-05503900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Thome, Jose W.] Escritorio Malacol & Biofilosofia, BR-90020160 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Gomes, SR (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, USDA APHIS PPQ NIS, Natl Malacol Lab, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM Suzete.Gomes@aphis.usda.gov; jbpicanco@gmail.com; eduardocolley@yahoo.com.br; ignacioagudo@gmail.com; eliananakazzo@butantan.gov.br; thomejwb@yahoo.com.br RI nakano, eliana/D-1542-2011 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD NATURAL SCIENCES PHILA PI PHILADELPHIA PA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PKWY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0097-3157 J9 P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA JI Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 161 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V29TJ UT WOS:000208770400006 ER PT J AU Peter, G Dlauchy, D Tornai-Lehoczki, J Gouliamova, D Kurtzman, CP AF Peter, Gabor Dlauchy, Denes Tornai-Lehoczki, Judit Gouliamova, Dilnora Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Ogataea saltuana sp nov., a novel methanol-assimilating yeast species SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE New yeast species; Methylotrophic yeast; Ogataea saltuana; Phylloplane; Parsimony network analysis ID PARTIAL SEQUENCES; GENUS OGATAEA; HANSENULA; PROPOSAL; IDENTIFICATION; DOROGENSIS; KURAISHIA; LEAVES; GENERA; MEMBER AB Four ascosporulating strains of an undescribed methanol-assimilating yeast species were isolated from forest habitats in Hungary. Three were recovered from rotten wood and one from leaves of a sessile oak (Quercus petraea). An additional isolate of the undescribed species sharing similar phenotypic characters with the above-noted strains was recovered from the gut of an unidentified beetle collected from under the bark of a coniferous tree in Bulgaria. A closely related, but somewhat divergent strain was recovered from insect frass in a Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) collected in New Mexico, USA. Analysis of the D1/D2 sequences of the LSU rRNA gene placed the new species in the Ogataea clade. The ITS and the D1/D2 LSU sequences of the rRNA gene repeats were compared for the above-noted strains and that of the type strain of Ogataea zsoltii, the closest neighbour among currently recognized Ogataea species. Their relatedness was investigated by parsimony network analysis as well. As a result of the sequence analysis, it was concluded that the six strains isolated from tree associated habitats represent a single new yeast species. Ogataea saltuana sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains. The type strain NCAIM Y.01833(T) (CBS 10795(T), NRRL Y-48448(T)) was recovered from rotten wood of Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris) in Hungary. The GenBank accession number for the D1/D2 domain nuclear large subunit rRNA gene sequence of strain NCAIM Y.01833(T) (CBS 10795(T), NRRL Y-48448(T)) is EU327033. The MycoBank number of the new species is MB 519966. C1 [Peter, Gabor; Dlauchy, Denes; Tornai-Lehoczki, Judit] Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. [Gouliamova, Dilnora] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Kurtzman, Cletus P.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peter, G (reprint author), Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, Somloi Ut 14-16, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. EM gabor.peter@uni-corvinus.hu RI Peter, Gabor/E-9228-2010 FU TAMOP [4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0005] FX This work was partly supported by TAMOP 4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0005 (D. Dlauchy). NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD OCT PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s10482-011-9592-z PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820KZ UT WOS:000294905900006 PM 21618050 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI A new methanol assimilating yeast, Ogataea parapolymorpha, the ascosporic state of Candida parapolymorpha SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE New ascosporic yeast; Ogataea; Candida; Methanol yeast ID SP NOV.; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PARTIAL SEQUENCES; HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA; METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST; GENUS OGATAEA; PROPOSAL; SACCHAROMYCETACEAE; DOROGENSIS; COMPLEX AB Ogataea parapolymorpha sp. n. (NRRL YB-1982, CBS 12304, type strain), the ascosporic state of Candida parapolymorpha, is described. The species appears homothallic, assimilates methanol as is typical of most Ogataea species and forms hat-shaped ascospores in asci that become deliquescent. O. parapolymorpha is closely related to Ogataea angusta and Ogataea polymorpha. The three species can be resolved from gene sequence analyses but are unresolved from fermentation and growth reactions that are typically used for yeast identification. On the basis of multiple isolates, O. angusta is known only from California, USA, in association with Drosophila and Aulacigaster flies, O. parapolymorpha is predominantly associated with insect frass from trees in the eastern USA but O. polymorpha has been isolated from various substrates in the USA, Brazil, Spain and Costa Rica. C1 ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD OCT PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s10482-011-9603-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820KZ UT WOS:000294905900014 PM 21671193 ER PT J AU Cooper, WR Rieske, LK AF Cooper, W. Rodney Rieske, Lynne K. TI A native and an introduced parasitoid utilize an exotic gall-maker host SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Torymidae; Ormyridae; Cynipidae; Fagaceae ID ANDRICUS-QUERCUSCALICIS HYMENOPTERA; DRYOCOSMUS-KURIPHILUS HYMENOPTERA; POPULATION BIOLOGY; CYNIPIDAE; CHESTNUT; WASP; INQUILINES AB Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is non-native to North America and induces formation of galls on petioles and leaves of all chestnut (Castanea spp., Fagales: Fagaceae). We investigated the interactions between the gall wasp D. kuriphilus, a native parasitoid, Ormyrus labotus (Hymenoptera: Ormyridae), and a non-native parasitoid, Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). Galls were collected monthly from May to August and in January from four locations in the United States consisting of orchard-grown hybrid chestnuts (Hiram, OH and Meadowview, VA), suburban-grown ornamental Chinese chestnuts (C. mollissima) (Broadview Heights, OH), or forest-grown American chestnuts (C. dentata) (Bowling Green, KY). Parasitoids were removed from galls and T. sinensis and O. labotus were identified using PCR-markers. The relative abundance of each parasitoid was compared in relation to collection date, habitat, presence of alternative hosts, and gall characteristics. T. sinensis was collected from each location and date, and was dominant in the orchard and suburban locations. However, relatively more O. labotus were collected within the forest, which had significant oak component and alternative cynipid hosts. O. labotus was only collected in spring and early summer, indicating the use of different summer and winter hosts. Observations suggest that in addition to parasitizing D. kuriphilus, O. labotus hyperparasitizes T. sinensis. T. sinensis has a longer ovipositor than O. labotus, and parasitized larger galls. This study improves our understanding of interactions between an invasive gall wasp, an introduced parasitoid, and native parasitoids, and illustrates novel relationships that may form as exotic species expand their geographic range. C1 [Cooper, W. Rodney] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Cooper, W. Rodney; Rieske, Lynne K.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Cooper, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM rodney.cooper@ars.usda.gov; lrieske@uky.edu RI Cooper, William/D-3205-2017 FU Northern Nut Growers Association; American Chestnut Foundation; Kentucky Agricultural Experimental Station [10-08-120] FX We thank Fred Hebard (American Chestnut Foundation), Steve Hartman, Edgar Stehli, and Bob Stehli for plant material. Melonie Antonik, Fabrice Curtis and Luke Dodd provided assistance with gall collections and dissections, and Abbe Kesterson and Dr. Chris Schardl of the University of Kentucky's Advanced Genetic Technology Center provided assistance with DNA sequencing. This research was funded by the Northern Nut Growers Association, American Chestnut Foundation, and McIntire Stennis funds from the Kentucky Agricultural Experimental Station, and is published as Experiment Station Project 10-08-120. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2011 VL 56 IS 5 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9350-1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 821DV UT WOS:000294956000003 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Endale, DM Jenkins, MB Fisher, DS AF Schomberg, Harry H. Endale, Dinku M. Jenkins, Michael B. Fisher, Dwight S. TI Nutrient source and tillage influences on nitrogen availability in a Southern Piedmont corn cropping system SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE N mineralization; Poultry litter; No tillage; In situ soil cores ID APPLIED POULTRY LITTER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; BROILER LITTER; NO-TILL; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; COTTON; SURFACE; CARBON; MANAGEMENT AB Poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) litter (PL) is a readily available nutrient source for crop production in the Southeast USA. Long-term PL application may alter availability of N and the effect may be dependent on tillage practice. Tillage [no till (NT) vs. conventional (CT)] and N source (PL vs. commercial fertilizer CF) effects on N availability and plant uptake were evaluated in years 9, 10, and 11 of a long-term cropping systems study at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA, USA. Mineral N in the top 10 cm, measured in situ, varied each year and was influenced by time, tillage, and N source. In 2003 (year 9), soil mineral N content was greater in CT-CF (100 kg ha(-1)) than in NT-PL (95 kg ha(-1)) but in 2004 (year 10) and 2005 (year 11) it was lower in CT-CF (93 and 60 kg ha(-1)) compared to NT-PL (140 and 71 kg ha(-1)). Nitrogen mineralization rates were generally greater for PL than for CF treatments with the difference being almost 1 kg ha(-1) day(-1) in 2003. Mineralization rates were greater for NT-PL compared to CT-CF in 2004 and 2005. Across the three growing seasons, corn (Zea mays L.) aboveground biomass was consistently greater in the NT-PL treatment than in the NT-CF and CT-CF treatments. Correlation between aboveground biomass and N mineralization was greater for PL than for CF (0.75 vs. 0.48). Patterns of N mineralization and total soil mineral N indicated that the distribution of N through the growing season more closely matched corn N demand in PL treatments. Results indicate that improved N availability through the growing season, by combining NT and PL, can result in more profitable corn production in the southeast. C1 [Schomberg, Harry H.; Endale, Dinku M.; Jenkins, Michael B.; Fisher, Dwight S.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM Harry.Schomberg@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service; USDA-Cooperative States Research Education and Extension Service National Research Initiative; US Egg and Poultry Association FX This research was supported by base funds from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service and in part by grants from USDA-Cooperative States Research Education and Extension Service National Research Initiative, and the US Egg and Poultry Association. We thank the following individuals for technical support: Robin Woodroof, Stephen Norris, Timothy Foard, Johnny Doster, Burt Schutza, Robert Martin, Tony Dillard, Stephanie Steed, Shaheen Humayoun, Steve Knapp, Clara Parker, Robert Sheats, Fred Hale, Ronald Phillips, Jeff Scarbrough, Debbie Beese, Mike Thornton, and to the many students who helped with sample collection and processing. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 2011 VL 47 IS 7 BP 823 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s00374-011-0582-0 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819AW UT WOS:000294798800009 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Lindley, ST Pess, GR Feist, BE Steel, EA McElhany, P AF Fullerton, Aimee H. Lindley, Steven T. Pess, George R. Feist, Blake E. Steel, E. Ashley McElhany, Paul TI Human Influence on the Spatial Structure of Threatened Pacific Salmon Metapopulations SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic; connectivity; network; spatial analysis; viability ID GRAPH-THEORETIC APPROACH; EXTINCTION RISK; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; HABITAT QUALITY; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; BARRIERS; NETWORK AB To remain viable, populations must be resilient to both natural and human-caused environmental changes. We evaluated anthropogenic effects on spatial connections among populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) (designated as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act) in the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers. For several anthropogenic-effects scenarios, we used graph theory to characterize the spatial relation among populations. We plotted variance in population size against connectivity among populations. In our scenarios, reduced habitat quality decreased the size of populations and hydropower dams on rivers led to the extirpation of several populations, both of which decreased connectivity. Operation of fish hatcheries increased connectivity among populations and led to patchy or panmictic populations. On the basis of our results, we believe recolonization of the upper Cowlitz River by fall and spring Chinook and winter steelhead would best restore metapopulation structure to near-historical conditions. Extant populations that would best conserve connectivity would be those inhabiting the Molalla (spring Chinook), lower Cowlitz, or Clackamas (fall Chinook) rivers and the south Santiam (winter steelhead) and north fork Lewis rivers (summer steelhead). Populations in these rivers were putative sources; however, they were not always the most abundant or centrally located populations. This result would not have been obvious if we had not considered relations among populations in a metapopulation context. Our results suggest that dispersal rate strongly controls interactions among the populations that comprise salmon metapopulations. Thus, monitoring efforts could lead to understanding of the true rates at which wild and hatchery fish disperse. Our application of graph theory allowed us to visualize how metapopulation structure might respond to human activity. The method could be easily extended to evaluations of anthropogenic effects on other stream-dwelling populations and communities and could help prioritize among competing conservation measures. C1 [Fullerton, Aimee H.; Pess, George R.; Feist, Blake E.; McElhany, Paul] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lindley, Steven T.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Stn, Olympia, WA 98103 USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014; OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411; Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank B. Burke, J. Jorgensen, A. Walters, J. Williams, R. Zabel, and 3 anonymous referees for critical review of the manuscript. Funding was provided by an internal grant to A. H. F. from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 932 EP 944 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01718.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 820LT UT WOS:000294908000011 PM 21797926 ER PT J AU Searle, CL Gervasi, SS Hua, J Hammond, JI Relyea, RA Olson, DH Blaustein, AR AF Searle, C. L. Gervasi, S. S. Hua, J. Hammond, J. I. Relyea, R. A. Olson, D. H. Blaustein, A. R. TI Differential Host Susceptibility to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, an Emerging Amphibian Pathogen SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian population declines; Anaxyrus; chytridiomycosis; Hyla; Lithobates; Pseudacris; Rana ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; POPULATION DECLINES; GLOBAL DECLINE; BODY CONDITION; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; FROGS; ECOLOGY; SURVIVORSHIP; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB The amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has received considerable attention due to its role in amphibian population declines worldwide. Although many amphibian species appear to be affected by Bd, there is little information on species-specific differences in susceptibility to this pathogen. We used a comparative experimental approach to examine Bd susceptibility in 6 amphibian species from the United States. We exposed postmetamorphic animals to Bd for 30 days and monitored mortality, feeding rates, and infection levels. In all species tested, Bd-exposed animals had higher rates of mortality than unexposed (control) animals. However, we found differences in mortality rates among species even though the amount of Bd detected on the different species' bodies did not differ. Of the species tested, southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris) and wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) had the highest rates of Bd-related mortality. Within species, we detected lower levels of Bd on individuals that survived longer and found that the relationship between body size and infection levels differed among species. Our results indicate that, even under identical conditions, amphibian species differ in susceptibility to Bd. This study represents a step toward identifying and understanding species variation in disease susceptibility, which can be used to optimize conservation strategies. C1 [Searle, C. L.; Gervasi, S. S.; Blaustein, A. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hua, J.; Hammond, J. I.; Relyea, R. A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Olson, D. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Searle, CL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM searlec@science.oregonstate.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation; U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon FX We thank J. Adams, L. Cha, L. Yeo, E. Borer, W. Stubblefield, J. Bartholomew, J. Crockett, B. Garrington, P. Smith, and M. Christie for their assistance with this project. Additionally, J. Spatafora and the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing at Oregon State University kindly provided laboratory space for conducting qPCR. Support for this project was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon. NR 59 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01708.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 820LT UT WOS:000294908000014 PM 21732979 ER PT J AU Zeilinger, AR Olson, DM Andow, DA AF Zeilinger, Adam R. Olson, Dawn M. Andow, David A. TI Competition between stink bug and heliothine caterpillar pests on cotton at within-plant spatial scales SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE genetically engineered crops; non-target pests; secondary pest outbreak; Nezara viridula; Euschistus servus; Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Gossypium hirsutum; Pentatomidae; Noctuidae; amensalism ID BT-COTTON; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; TRANSGENIC COTTON; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; INDUCED RESISTANCE; SUCKING PESTS; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; NONTARGET AB Outbreaks of non-target pests associated with transgenic Bt cotton threaten the economic and ecological benefits of the technology in cotton-producing countries. In the southeastern USA, stink bug pests, namely Nezara viridula L. and Euschistus servus Say (both Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), have recently become severe problems associated with Bt cotton, requiring continued insecticide use. However, the causes of non-target pest outbreaks remain unclear. Release from competition with Bt-susceptible pest species, in addition to other mechanisms, may contribute to increased stink bug populations in Bt cotton. We investigated the competitive interactions between the two stink bug species and the Bt-susceptible pests Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens Fabricius (both Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on non-Bt cotton. We tested for competition effects on stink bug growth rates in no-choice experiments at two spatial scales: a single cotton boll and a branch with multiple developing bolls. Although caterpillars of the two species had equivalent effects on resource availability, they had distinct effects on stink bug growth rates. Fourth instar H. zea reduced growth rates of both stink bug species by 60% when caged on a single cotton boll and reduced growth rates of only E. servus by 36% when caged on a cotton branch. In contrast, H. virescens had no effect on stink bug growth rates. Resource competition was apparent in the interactions between H. zea and E. servus, but interference competition may have contributed to the interactions as well. Competitive release of stink bug populations in Bt cotton is possible, and should be more likely for E. servus than for N. viridula. Understanding the causes of non-target pest outbreaks in Bt cotton will contribute to improved environmental risk assessments of future releases of Bt cotton and related transgenic crops. C1 [Zeilinger, Adam R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Olson, Dawn M.] ARS, Crop Protect & Res Management Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Andow, David A.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Community Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zeilinger, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM zeil0006@umn.edu OI Zeilinger, Adam/0000-0002-4111-3568 FU NRI from the US Department of Agriculture; IGERT from US National Science Foundation; Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota FX This study was partially supported by an NRI grant from the US Department of Agriculture to DAA and DMO, an IGERT grant from US National Science Foundation to the University of Minnesota, and grants from the Dayton-Wilkie Fund of the Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota to ARZ. A. Hornbuckle and M. Smith assisted in field and laboratory work. A. Agrawal, M. Toews, P. Oikawa, K. Prescott, S. Farrell, and members of the University of Minnesota Community Genetics seminar series provided helpful comments on interpretations of results and early drafts of this paper. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 141 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01165.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 819DG UT WOS:000294805000008 ER PT J AU Paz, AM Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Thorin, E AF Paz, Ana M. Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. Thorin, Eva TI Measurement of the Dielectric Properties of Sawdust Between 0.5 and 15 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Dielectric probe; dielectric properties measurements; moisture content; open-ended coaxial line; sawdust ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; MICROWAVE; DENSITY AB The aim of this paper was to measure the broadband dielectric properties of sawdust. Knowledge of dielectric properties is important in improving understanding of a material and can lead to the development of methods for determining physical properties such as moisture and salt content. The broadband dielectric properties of sawdust were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line dielectric probe. Measurements on granular materials with the dielectric probe are dependent on the density of the measured region, which may differ from the average density of the sample. In this paper, a method was developed for determining the actual density for measurements with the dielectric probe. It consists of measurement of the dielectric constant with a different method (in this instance, a free-space transmission method) at a frequency common to both methods and identifying a relationship between the measured dielectric constant and density. The dielectric properties of sawdust samples with moisture content levels between 13% and 45% are presented for frequencies between 0.5 and 15 GHz. C1 [Paz, Ana M.; Thorin, Eva] Malardalen Univ, Sch Sustainable Dev Soc & Technol, S-72123 Vasteras, Sweden. [Trabelsi, Samir; Nelson, Stuart O.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Paz, AM (reprint author), Malardalen Univ, Sch Sustainable Dev Soc & Technol, S-72123 Vasteras, Sweden. EM amartapaz@gmail.com RI Paz, Ana/K-4398-2012; OI Paz, Ana/0000-0001-7276-8447; Thorin, Eva/0000-0002-3485-5440 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 60 IS 10 BP 3384 EP 3390 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2128510 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 819WP UT WOS:000294864700017 ER PT J AU Ko, ML Shi, LH Tsai, JY Young, ME Neuendorff, N Earnest, DJ Ko, GYP AF Ko, Michael L. Shi, Liheng Tsai, Ju-Yun Young, Martin E. Neuendorff, Nichole Earnest, David J. Ko, Gladys Y. -P. TI Cardiac-Specific Mutation of Clock Alters the Quantitative Measurements of Physical Activities without Changing Behavioral Circadian Rhythms SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS LA English DT Article DE cardiomyocyte; Clock; wheel-running; L-type voltage-gated calcium channel; signaling ID GATED CALCIUM-CHANNELS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; MAP KINASE; RETINAL PHOTORECEPTORS; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; HEART-FAILURE; FATTY-ACIDS AB Even though peripheral circadian oscillators in the cardiovascular system are known to exist, the daily rhythms of the cardiovascular system are mainly attributed to autonomic or hormonal inputs under the control of the central oscillator, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In order to examine the role of peripheral oscillators in the cardiovascular system, we used a transgenic mouse where the Clock gene is specifically disrupted in cardiomyocytes. In this cardiomyocyte-specific CLOCK mutant (CCM) mouse model, the circadian input from the SCN remains intact. Both CCM and wild-type (WT) littermates displayed circadian rhythms in wheel-running behavior. However, the overall wheel-running activities were significantly lower in CCM mice compared to WT over the course of 5 weeks, indicating that CCM mice either have lower baseline physical activities or they have lower physical adaptation abilities because daily wheel running, like routine exercise, induces physical adaptation over a period of time. Upon further biochemical analysis, it was revealed that the diurnal oscillations of phosphorylation states of several kinases and protein expression of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L-VGCC) alpha 1D subunit found in WT hearts were abolished in CCM hearts, indicating that in mammalian hearts, the daily oscillations of the activities of these kinases and L-VGCCs were downstream elements of the cardiac core oscillators. However, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK exhibited robust diurnal rhythms in both WT and CCM hearts, indicating that cardiac p38 could be under the influence of the central clock through neurohormonal signals or be part of the circadian input pathway in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that the cardiac core oscillators have an impact in regulating circadian rhythmicities and cardiac function. C1 [Ko, Michael L.; Shi, Liheng; Ko, Gladys Y. -P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tsai, Ju-Yun] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Young, Martin E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Neuendorff, Nichole; Earnest, David J.] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurosci & Expt Therapeut, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ko, GYP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 4458 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gko@cvm.tamu.edu FU Texas AM University; NIH [RO1 EY017452, PO1 NS39546, RO1 HL-074259] FX This work was supported in part by a start-up fund from Texas A&M University and NIH RO1 EY017452 to G.Y.K., NIH PO1 NS39546 to D.J.E., and NIH RO1 HL-074259 to M.E.Y. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-7304 J9 J BIOL RHYTHM JI J. Biol. Rhythms PD OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 412 EP 422 DI 10.1177/0748730411414170 PG 11 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 820ZI UT WOS:000294944200004 PM 21921295 ER PT J AU Paz-Alberto, AM De Dios, MJJ Alberto, RT Sigua, GC AF Melinda Paz-Alberto, Annie De Dios, Ma Johanna J. Alberto, Ronaldo T. Sigua, Gilbert C. TI Assessing phytoremediation potentials of selected tropical plants for acrylamide SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Acrylamide; Phytoremediation; Polyacrylamide gel; Tropical plants; Waste materials ID FORAGE PRODUCTIVITY; DREDGED MATERIALS; LAKE PANASOFFKEE; SOIL; AGRICULTURE; ENVIRONMENT; FLORIDA; DEGRADATION; EFFICACY; POLYMER AB Environmentally hazardous and health risk substances in animals and humans in the environment have increased as a result of continuing anthropogenic activities. Examples of these activities are food processing, laboratory, food production, industrial, and other relative activities that use various forms of acrylamide. All acrylamide in the environment are manmade. It is the building block for the polymer, polyacrylamide, which is considered to be a nontoxic additive. However, if the polymerization process is not perfect and complete, the polyacrylamide may still contain acrylamide which is toxic and may pose risks and hazards to the environment. Another form of acrylamide that may pose danger as well in the environment is the acrylamide monomer, which is also a very toxic organic substance that could affect the central nervous system of humans and is likely to be carcinogenic. Phytoremediation could be a tool to somehow absorb this neurotoxic agent and lessen the contamination in the soil. This technology could lessen the soil and water contamination by acrylamide thereby limiting the exposure of animals and humans. This study may also help solve the problem of disposing contaminated acrylamide waste materials. This study was conducted to achieve the following objectives: (1) to evaluate phytoremediation potentials of some selected tropical plants in acrylamide-contaminated soil, (2) to compare the performance of tropical plants in absorbing acrylamide through accumulation in their roots and shoots, and (3) to determine the outcome of acrylamide in the soil after treatment using the test plants with phytoremediation potentials. Soil was collected from 40 sampling points (2,000 g of soil per sampling points) in a half-hectare rice field in the Philippine Rice Research Institute, Central Experiment Station, Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. This study used Mustard (Brassica juncea L.), petchay (Brassica chinensis L.), vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.), hog weeds (Portulaca oleracea L.), snake plant (Sanseviera trifasciata Prain), and common sword fern (Nephrolepsis cordifolia L.). These plants were selected to determine their capability of removing acrylamide residues from soil with unstable polyacrylamide gel. Analysis of acrylamide concentrations in soil and plant parts were done using a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector at the Training, Research and Development, Adamson University, Manila. This study was laid out using the completely randomized design with three replications. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA using PROC GLM. Duncan's multiple range test (p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05) was followed for the mean treatment separation and comparison. Among the plants tested, the highest concentration of acrylamide was absorbed by the whole plant of mustard (6,512.8 mg kg(-1)) compared with pechay (3,482.7 mg kg(-1)), fern (2,015.4 mg kg(-1)), hogweeds (1,805.3 mg kg(-1)), vetiver grass (1,385.4 mg kg(-1)), and snake plants (887.5 mg kg(-1)). Results of the study regarding the acrylamide absorption of the whole plants of mustard and pechay conformed to previous findings of other studies. Two members of the Brassica family, B. juncea L. (mustard) and B. chinensis L. (pechay) were found to be effective in removing wide ranges of contaminants. Likewise, mustard obtained the highest acrylamide concentrations (mg kg(-1)) in the roots (2,372.9) and shoots (4,081.1) among the six test plants. Earlier studies showed the capability of mustard in absorbing metals. Mustard plant is known to remove large quantities of chromium, lead, copper, and nickel in soil and ethidium bromide in soil. This could be attributed to its well-developed root system. Plants with active growth of roots in soils bring more contact with the fresh areas of the soil and ions, thus, creating more likelihood of further absorption and uptake. Moreover, mustard, pechay, and fern plants had 60% survival rate while hogweeds had 80% survival rate. Snake plant and vetiver grass had 100% survival rate. All the test plants planted in soil without acrylamide had survival rate of 100%. The 100% survival rate of vetiver grass and snake plant was due to the tolerance of these plants to acrylamide. Among the six test plants, vetiver grass and snake plant had the greatest uptake of acrylamide from the soil (30.6 kg ha(-1)) and (29.4 kg ha(-1)), respectively. These plants exhibited great number and longer roots which are characteristics of excellent phytoremediator plants. Thus, vetiver grass can absorb more acrylamide due to its root's growth characteristics. These findings could be attributed to the extraordinary features of vetiver grass such as its massive and deep root system and heavy biomass including its high tolerance to extreme soil conditions like heavy metal toxicities and high metal concentration. Results of our study proved that all the test plants are potential phytoremediators of acrylamide. However, mustard and pechay were the most effective as they absorbed the highest acrylamide concentrations in their roots, shoots, and the whole plants. On the other hand, vetiver grass and snake plant had the highest uptake of acrylamide even though these plants did not absorb the highest acrylamide concentration. Therefore, these two plants can be considered as the best phytoremediator of acrylamide because they are perennial plants with heavier biomass with long, dense and extended root system. As such, these plants are capable of absorbing acrylamide in the soil for a long period of time. As preventive measures and for application purposes, vetiver grass and snake plants could be planted along and around the wastewater treatment ponds of laboratories using polyacrylamide gel. These plants can prevent further migration of pollutants to the environment aside from making the ponds more resistant to soil erosion. Further studies are suggested to evaluate acrylamide contaminations from laboratory washing, primary treatment pond, and seepage ponds that have earth dikes. Vetiver grass and snake plants are recommended for further phytoremediation studies for longer period of time to test the reduction of acrylamide in soil. Moreover, the outcome of acrylamide accumulation in the plants is also recommended for further study in conjunction with labeled-carbon tracer to determine its effects on the plants. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.] Agr Res Serv, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Melinda Paz-Alberto, Annie; Alberto, Ronaldo T.] Cent Luzon State Univ, Environm Management Inst, Sci City Of Munoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. [Melinda Paz-Alberto, Annie; Alberto, Ronaldo T.] Cent Luzon State Univ, Environm Management Dept, Inst Grad Studies, Sci City Of Munoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. [De Dios, Ma Johanna J.] Philippine Rice Res Inst, Sci City Of Munoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov FU Philippine Rice Research Institute, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines FX The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to the Philippine Rice Research Institute, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines for the financial support in the realization and completion of the study. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 53 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD OCT PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1190 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/s11368-011-0390-z PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 819PC UT WOS:000294837900007 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Huang, LH Yan, XH AF Juneja, Vijay K. Huang, Lihan Yan, Xianghe TI Thermal inactivation of foodborne pathogens and the USDA pathogen modeling program SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE Pathogens; Heat inactivation; Modeling; Thermal inactivation ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; PREDICTIVE MODEL; TEMPERATURE; PH AB The use of heat to inactivate foodborne pathogens is a critical control point and the most common means for assuring the microbiological safety of processed foods. A key to optimization of the heating step is defining the target pathogens' heat resistance. Sufficient evidence exists to document that insufficient cooking, reheating, and/or subsequent cooling are often contributing factors in food-poisoning outbreaks. Accordingly, the objective of thermal processing is to design sufficient heating regiments to achieve a specific lethality for foodborne pathogens in foods. The effects and interactions of temperature, pH, sodium chloride content, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium lactate concentration are among the variables that were considered when attempting to assess the heat inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and spores of non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum. Incorporation of these multiple barriers usually increases the sensitivity of pathogens to heat, thereby reducing heat requirements and ensuring the safety of ready-to-eat food products. Complex multifactorial experiments and analysis to quantify the effects and interactions of additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors and development of ''enhanced'' predictive models are underway to ensure the microbiological safety of thermally processed foods. Predictive inactivation kinetics (thermal death) models for foodborne pathogens have been converted into an easy-to-use computer program that is available on the USDA-Eastern Regional Research Center website. These models should aid in evaluating the safety of cooked products and are being used as building blocks for microbial risk assessment. C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.; Huang, Lihan; Yan, Xianghe] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 106 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10973-011-1453-5 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 820MN UT WOS:000294910100024 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ Callicott, KA Abbas, H AF Mellon, Jay E. Cotty, Peter J. Callicott, Kenneth A. Abbas, Hamed TI Identification of a Major Xylanase from Aspergillus flavus as a 14-kD Protein SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Xylanase; Hemicellulose; Hydrolase ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; AMBIENT PH; GENES; EXPRESSION; NIDULANS; ENZYMES; ELECTROPHORESIS; AFLATOXIN AB Aspergillus flavus K49 secreted at least two xylanase activities when grown on a medium containing larch (wood) xylan as a sole carbon source. Enzyme activity was assayed using an agar medium containing Remazol Brilliant Blue R conjugated oat spelt xylan as substrate. Crude enzyme preparations were inhibited by Hg(+2), with an ED(50) of 17.5 mM and maximum inhibition of 83% at 50 mM. A concentrated sample of A. flavus K49 xylanase preparation was subjected to gel filtration chromatography on a P-30 column. A small protein peak coinciding with the major peak of xylanase activity was separated from the other secreted fungal proteins. An additional peak of xylanase activity was observed in fractions containing multiple fungal proteins. Analysis by denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of fractions containing the smaller molecular weight xylanase revealed a major and minor protein band in the vicinity of 14 kD. Analysis of these same fractions by acidic native PAGE revealed a single band. Confirmation of identity for the isolated xylanase was provided by isolation of a protein band from a SDS-PAGE gel, followed by trypsin digestion/analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. Comparison of the peptide library derived from this protein band with sequence data from the A. oryzae genomic data base provided a solid match with an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase, XlnA. This identification is consistent with a low molecular weight protein associated with the major xylanolytic activity. XlnA may be a highly mobile (diffusible), plant wall hemicellulose degrading factor with significant activity during plant infection. C1 [Mellon, Jay E.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Cotty, Peter J.; Callicott, Kenneth A.] ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Abbas, Hamed] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM Jay.Mellon@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD OCT PY 2011 VL 172 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s11046-011-9425-7 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 819BW UT WOS:000294801400007 PM 21479830 ER PT J AU Sun, QR Sun, HY Bell, RL Li, HF Xin, L AF Sun, Qingrong Sun, Hongyan Bell, Richard L. Li, Huifeng Xin, Li TI Variation of phenotype, ploidy level, and organogenic potential of in vitro regenerated polyploids of Pyrus communis SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Phenotypic variation; Ploidy; Shoot regeneration; Organogenesis; Totipotency; Somaclonal variation; Pear ID FLOWERING PLANTS; TISSUE CULTURES; LEAF EXPLANTS; COLCHICINE; PEAR; INSTABILITY AB A wide range of phenotypic variation was observed among neopolyploids obtained from the diploid pear cultivar 'Fertility' by in vitro colchicine treatment. The variant plantlets had alterations in leaf characteristics. Neopolyploids had significantly different ratios of leaf length to leaf width compared to the diploid control. Shoot regeneration from leaf explants and rooting ability from in vitro shoots of neopolyploids was examined. Regeneration frequencies of shoots from leaf explants of seven of the nine neopolyploids were significantly decreased compared to the diploid control. The organogenic potential of neopolyploids was highly genotype-dependent for both shoots and roots. Tetraploid clone 4x - 4 failed to regenerate shoots from leaf explants and the pentaploid clone 5x - 2 failed to root from in vitro shoots. The results suggest that polyploidization caused the decrease in or loss of in vitro organogenic potential. Regenerated shoots derived from neopolyploids showed different phenotypes, depending on the ploidy of the donor plant. C1 [Sun, Qingrong; Sun, Hongyan; Li, Huifeng; Xin, Li] Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 27100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Bell, Richard L.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sun, QR (reprint author), Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 27100, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM sunqr@sdip.cn FU Shandong Natural Science Foundation [Y2008D50]; Shandong Outstanding Scientist Research Award Project [01DS48]; Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan poject [2008GG2HZ09018] FX This study was supported by Shandong Natural Science Foundation (Y2008D50), Shandong Outstanding Scientist Research Award Project (01DS48) and Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan poject (2008GG2HZ09018). NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11240-011-9965-z PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 820MS UT WOS:000294910600013 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Schukken, YH Pradhan, AK Smith, JM Whitlock, RH Van Kessel, JS Wolfgang, DR Grohn, YT AF Smith, R. L. Schukken, Y. H. Pradhan, A. K. Smith, J. M. Whitlock, R. H. Van Kessel, J. S. Wolfgang, D. R. Grohn, Y. T. TI Environmental contamination with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in endemically infected dairy herds SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Environmental sampling; Sensitivity; Diagnostics ID JOHNES-DISEASE STATUS; SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; CATTLE; MODEL; COWS AB Environmental contamination with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is thought to be one of the primary sources of infection for dairy cattle. The exact link between fecal shedding of MAP by individual cows and environmental contamination levels at the herd level was explored with a cross-sectional analysis of longitudinally collected samples on 3 dairy farms. Composite samples from multiple environmental sites in 3 commercial dairy herds in the Northeast US were cultured quarterly for MAP, providing 1131 samples (133 (11.8%) were culture-positive), and all adult animals in the herds were tested biannually by fecal culture (FC), for 6 years. Of the environmental sites sampled, manure storage areas and shared alleyways were most likely to be culture-positive. Environmental sample results were compared to FC results from either the concurrent or previous sampling date at both the herd and the pen level. At the herd level, a 1 log unit increase in average fecal shedding increased the odds of a positive non-pen environmental sample by a factor of 6 and increased the average amount of MAP in non-pen samples by 2.9 cfu/g. At the pen level, a 1 log unit increase in average fecal shedding in the pen increased the odds of a positive environment by a factor of 2.4 and the average amount of MAP was increased by 3.5 cfu/g. We were not able to model the relationship between non-pen environmental sample status and the distance between shedding animals and the sample's location, and neighboring pens did not significantly affect the results of the pen-level analysis. The amount of MAP in pen-level samples and the probability of a pen testing positive for MAP were both positively but non-significantly correlated with the number of animals in the pen shedding >30 cfu/g of MAP. At least 6 environmental samples met the criteria for the U.S. Voluntary Bovine Johne's Disease Control Program on 47 of the 72 sampling dates; of these, 19 of the 47 FC-positive sampling dates were positive by the 6-sample environmental testing method, resulting in a herd sensitivity of 0.40 (95% Cl: 0.26-0.54). None of the 3 FC-negative sampling dates produced positive environmental samples. Although environmental sampling can be used as a tool in understanding the level of MAP infection in a herd or pen, it did not appear to be a sensitive diagnostic method for herd positivity in these low prevalence herds, and its use may require caution. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, R. L.; Grohn, Y. T.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Epidemiol Sect, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schukken, Y. H.; Pradhan, A. K.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pradhan, A. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pradhan, A. K.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Food Safety & Secur Syst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, J. M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Whitlock, R. H.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Van Kessel, J. S.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wolfgang, D. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), S2-064 Schurman Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rls57@cornell.edu RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Smith, Rebecca/0000-0002-8343-794X FU USDA (Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Washington, D.C.) [2008-35204-04627]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service [58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158, 58-1265-4-020]; USDA [45105] FX The USDA (Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Washington, D.C.) Award Number 2008-35204-04627 provided funding for this study, as did the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (Agreements. 58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158, and 58-1265-4-020) for the Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance (RDQMA) and the Johne's Disease Integrated Program (JDIP, USDA contract 45105). We are grateful to the comments of the reviewers and the associate editor, which have greatly improved our analysis. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.06.009 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 820ZD UT WOS:000294943700001 PM 21775002 ER PT J AU Stancic, I Stancic, B Bozic, A Anderson, R Harvey, R Gvozdic, D AF Stancic, Ivan Stancic, Blagoje Bozic, Aleksandar Anderson, Robin Harvey, Roger Gvozdic, Dragan TI Ovarian activity and uterus organometry in delayed puberty gilts SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Delayed puberty; Ovarian activity; Uterus; Gilt ID REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE; CONTACT FREQUENCY; PIGS; EFFICACY AB About 30% of the total number of gilts selected for reproduction at the large breeding farm units in Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia) are culled due to prolonged pre-insemination anoestrus (estrus not detected until 8 mo of age). The aim of this study was to provide the answer to the following question: do the culling gilts reach cyclic ovarian activity at all? One hundred seventy five culled gilts in which external estrus manifestations were not detected by 8 mo of age were sacrificed and their reproductive organs were examined for determination of sexual maturity (ovaries exhibiting pre-ovulatory follicles 8 to 11 mm in diameter, corpora hemorrhagica, corpora lutea and corpora albicantia). Uterine weights and horn length were also determined. Functional ovaries were observed in 107 (61.1%) examined gilts, with 62 animals having one and 45 having two puberty ovarian cycles (57.9% and 42.1%, respectively). Pathomorphological changes which could result in prolonged pre-insemination anoestrus were not observed on the reproductive organs of sexually mature gilts. Our results indicate that most of the culling gilts have reached cyclic ovarian activity. The main reason for culling due to the absence of external estrus manifestations in sexually mature gilts could be inadequate estrus detection technology. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stancic, Ivan; Stancic, Blagoje; Bozic, Aleksandar] Univ Novi Sad, Fac Agr, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Anderson, Robin; Harvey, Roger] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Gvozdic, Dragan] Univ Belgrade, Fac Vet Med, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. RP Stancic, I (reprint author), Univ Novi Sad, Fac Agr, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. EM dr.ivan.stancic@gmail.com NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.004 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 819NO UT WOS:000294833800005 PM 21719081 ER PT J AU Brito, BP Perez, AM Cosentino, B Rodriguez, LL Konig, GA AF Brito, B. P. Perez, A. M. Cosentino, B. Rodriguez, L. L. Koenig, G. A. TI Factors Associated With Within-Herd Transmission of Serotype A Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle, During the 2001 Outbreak in Argentina: A Protective Effect of Vaccination SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease; within-herd transmission; modelling; vaccination ID SOUTH-AMERICA; VACCINES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ERADICATION; RUMINANTS; MODELS; LAMBS AB Argentina suffered an extensive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic between July 2000 and January 2002, 3 months after obtaining the official FMD-free without vaccination status conferred by the World Organization for Animal Health. This is one of the largest FMD epidemics controlled by implementation of a systematic mass vaccination campaign in an FMD-free country. In 2000, 124 herds were reported as FMD positive, 2394 herds in 2001 and one in January 2002; the total number of cattle herds in the country at that time was approximately 230 000. Estimates of FMD transmission are important to understand the dynamics of disease spread and for estimating the value for the parameterization of disease transmission models, with the ultimate goals of predicting its spread, assessing and designing control strategies, conducting economic analyses and supporting the decision-making process. In this study, the within-herd coefficient of transmission, beta, was computed for herds affected in the 2001 FMD epidemic and categorized as low or high based on the median value of beta. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors significantly associated with high values of beta. Results suggested that the odds of having a high within-herd transmission were significantly associated with time from initial herd infection to disease detection, date of report, vaccination, and time from initial herd infection to herd vaccination. Results presented in this study demonstrate, in quantifiable terms, the protective impact of vaccination in reducing FMD transmission in infected herds. These results will be useful for the parameterization of epidemiological models aimed at quantifying the impact of vaccination and for the design and implementation of FMD emergency vaccination strategies in face of an epidemic. C1 [Brito, B. P.; Perez, A. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rodriguez, L. L.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient, NY USA. [Koenig, G. A.] INTA, CICVyA, CONICET Inst Biotecnol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Brito, BP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Anim Dis Modeling & Surveillance, 1 Shields Ave,1044 Haring Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bbrito@ucdavis.edu FU Plum Island Animal Disease Center; US Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDA ARS-CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D]; USDA ARS; INTA, Argentina [58-1940-7-124F]; US National Center for Medical Intelligence; UC Davis FX B. Brito was the recipient of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of the USDA, DOE, ORAU/ORISE or SENASA. This research was funded in part by the USDA ARS-CRIS project 1940-32000-052-00D, by the specific cooperative agreement between USDA ARS and INTA, Argentina Number 58-1940-7-124F; and by grants from the US National Center for Medical Intelligence and from UC Davis. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1865-1674 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01217.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 819LC UT WOS:000294825800002 PM 21896154 ER PT J AU Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Qu, L Dekkers, JC Nettleton, D Torres, YR O'Connor, AM McKean, JD Tuggle, CK AF Uthe, J. J. Bearson, S. M. D. Qu, L. Dekkers, J. C. Nettleton, D. Torres, Y. Rodriguez O'Connor, A. M. McKean, J. D. Tuggle, C. K. TI Integrating comparative expression profiling data and association of SNPs with Salmonella shedding for improved food safety and porcine disease resistance SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; Salmonella; shedding; single-nucleotide polymorphism ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; PROTEIN GAMMA-3 EXPRESSION; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CD163; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; NONKETOTIC HYPERGLYCINEMIA; RESOURCE POPULATION AB Salmonella in swine is a major food safety problem, as the majority of US swine herds are Salmonella-positive. Salmonella can be shed from colonized swine and contaminate (i) neighbouring pigs; (ii) slaughter plants and pork products; (iii) edible crops when swine manure is used as a fertilizer; and (iv) water supplies if manure used as crop fertilizer runs off into streams and waterways. A potentially powerful method of addressing pre-harvest food safety at the farm level is through genetic improvement of disease resistance in animals. In this research, we describe a successful strategy for discovering genetic variation at candidate genes associated with disease resistance in pigs. This involves integrating our recent global gene expression analysis of the porcine response to Salmonella with information from the literature about important candidate genes. We identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these functional candidate genes and genotyped three independent pig populations that had data on Salmonella faecal shedding or internal burden (total n = 377) at these loci. Of 31 SNPs genotyped, 21 SNPs segregated in at least two populations with a minor allele frequency of 15% or greater. Statistical analysis revealed thirteen SNPs associated with Salmonella faecal shedding or tissue colonization, with an estimated proportion of false positives (PFP) <= 0.2. The genes with associated SNPs included GNG3, NCF2, TAP1, VCL, AMT, CCR1, CD163, CCT7, EMP1 and ACP2. These associations provide new information about the mechanisms of porcine host response to Salmonella and may be useful in improving genetic resistance to this bacterium. C1 [Tuggle, C. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Qu, L.; Nettleton, D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Bearson, S. M. D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [O'Connor, A. M.; McKean, J. D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med VDPAM, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Integrated Anim Genom, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu RI Qu, Long/I-8528-2012; O'Connor, Annette/E-5591-2010 OI O'Connor, Annette/0000-0003-0604-7822 FU NPB [07-062, 05-176, 08-034]; USDA-NRI; USDA [2005-35212-15929] FX NPB grant #07-062 has funded the creation of the field pig DNA bank; the collection of the tissues and all Salmonella incidence data was funded by the USDA-NRI under a grant to A. O'Connor, H. S. Hurd and J. McKean; USDA-CSREES Grant 2005-35212-15929. NPB grant #05-176 funded the NADC 40 pig experiment; NPB grant #08-034 funded genotyping and completion of field population collections. The phenotypic data and DNA samples from the IAH-Compton population were a gift from Pig Improvement Company. We thank Katherine Steffensmeier and Stephen Robinson for isolation of genomic DNA from the field population. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 42 IS 5 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02171.x PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 818PM UT WOS:000294765800007 PM 21906103 ER PT J AU Quiniou, SMA Waldbieser, GC AF Quiniou, S. M. A. Waldbieser, G. C. TI Mapping of the Toll-like receptor family in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENE C1 [Quiniou, S. M. A.; Waldbieser, G. C.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Quiniou, SMA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sylvie.quiniou@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 42 IS 5 BP 567 EP 568 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02178.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 818PM UT WOS:000294765800016 PM 21906112 ER PT J AU Rothrock, MJ Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA Gonzalez, MCG Fujii, T AF Rothrock, Michael J., Jr. Vanotti, Matias B. Szoegi, Ariel A. Garcia Gonzalez, Maria Cruz Fujii, Takao TI Long-term preservation of anammox bacteria SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anammox; Lyophilization; Stoichiometry; Preservation; Reactivation ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; NITROGEN-REMOVAL; REACTOR; NITRITE; DEAMMONIFICATION; METHANOL; BIOMASS AB Deposit of useful microorganisms in culture collections requires long-term preservation and successful reactivation techniques. The goal of this study was to develop a simple preservation protocol for the long-term storage and reactivation of the anammox biomass. To achieve this, anammox biomass was frozen or lyophilized at two different freezing temperatures (-60A degrees C and in liquid nitrogen (-200A degrees C)) in skim milk media (with and without glycerol), and the reactivation of anammox activity was monitored after a 4-month storage period. Of the different preservation treatments tested, only anammox biomass preserved via freezing in liquid nitrogen followed by lyophilization in skim milk media without glycerol achieved stoichiometric ratios for the anammox reaction similar to the biomass in both the parent bioreactor and in the freshly harvested control treatment. A freezing temperature of -60A degrees C alone, or in conjunction with lyophilization, resulted in the partial recovery of the anammox bacteria, with an equal mixture of anammox and nitrifying bacteria in the reactivated biomass. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful reactivation of anammox biomass preserved via sub-zero freezing and/or lyophilization. The simple preservation protocol developed from this study could be beneficial to accelerate the integration of anammox-based processes into current treatment systems through a highly efficient starting anammox biomass. C1 [Vanotti, Matias B.; Szoegi, Ariel A.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Rothrock, Michael J., Jr.] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Garcia Gonzalez, Maria Cruz] Agr Technol Inst Castilla & Leon ITACyL, Valladolid 47071, Spain. [Fujii, Takao] Sojo Univ, Dept Appl Life Sci, Kumamoto 8600082, Japan. RP Vanotti, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM michael.rothrock@ars.usda.gov; matias.vanotti@ars.usda.gov; ariel.szogi@ars.usda.gov; GarGonMi@itacyl.es; fujii@life.sojo-u.ac.jp NR 43 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s00253-011-3316-1 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 819JM UT WOS:000294821200014 PM 21590289 ER PT J AU Comas, LH Goslee, SC Skinner, RH Sanderson, MA AF Comas, L. H. Goslee, S. C. Skinner, R. H. Sanderson, M. A. TI Quantifying species trait-functioning relationships for ecosystem management SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural management; Ecosystem function; Functional diversity; Functional ratings; Plant functional types; Productivity ID PLANT TRAITS; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; GRASSLAND; COMMUNITY; CLASSIFICATION; ALLOCATION; FRAMEWORK; DYNAMICS AB Questions: Can we use plant traits to make predictions about ecosystem functioning of different species mixtures, identify inherent trade-offs of particular species, and design custom communities for desired ecosystem functions? Can we develop a methodology to address plant trait-functioning relationships in species-level units, which are missing from measures of community functional diversity but needed for management? Location: Grazing lands northeastern USA. Method: We measured 53 physiological, morphological and growth traits for 19 plant species from glasshouse and field experiments. We developed a two-step method to link species to ecosystem processes related to management goals of improving desirable forage production in grazing lands in northeastern USA. Results: Species were distributed continuously, rather than clustering into discrete functional types. Grasses, legumes and forbs overlapped considerably in trait values with these common classifications failing to adequately distinguish functional differences. Factor analyses were used to assess variation in species traits, and to rate species for six plant processes through which species contribute to the production of desirable forage. Species performed well in some processes and poorly in others, illustrating complex trade-offs. Conclusions: This methodology provides a foundation for developing tools to guide construction of communities for applied settings, and for assembling hypotheses about plant functioning in mixtures. C1 [Comas, L. H.; Goslee, S. C.; Skinner, R. H.; Sanderson, M. A.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Comas, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, MS 2,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM LHComas@gmail.com; sarah.goslee@ars.usda.gov; howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov; matt.sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 SI SI BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01136.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 816LB UT WOS:000294600100011 ER PT J AU Burr, GS Barrows, FT Gaylord, G Wolters, WR AF Burr, G. S. Barrows, F. T. Gaylord, G. Wolters, W. R. TI Apparent digestibility of macro-nutrients and phosphorus in plant-derived ingredients for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE algae; amino acid; Atlantic salmon; Arctic charr; digestibility; nutrients ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SOYBEAN-MEAL; FED DIETS; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITIES; PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE; WATER; L.; FEEDSTUFFS; ABSORPTION AB Alternative protein sources for aquafeeds need to be indentified in order to increase the efficiency of production. Many studies have examined terrestrial plant meals/protein concentrates as alternatives. Recently the focus has turned to aquatic protists and plants as well as by-products from other industries, such as breweries. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were fed diets containing canola meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, soy protein concentrate, barley protein concentrate, and solar dried algae included at 30% of the test diet. Barley protein concentrate had the highest apparent protein digestibility values for both species (96.3% for Atlantic salmon and 85.1% for Arctic charr), followed by corn gluten meal. Algae had the highest organic matter digestibility value for arctic charr (80.1%) while corn gluten meal had the highest organic matter digestibility value for Atlantic salmon (88.4%). Algae had a high energy apparent digestibility coefficient (82.4 salmon, 82.7 charr) along with corn gluten meal (78.5 salmon, 82.7 charr) for both species. In general, Atlantic salmon had higher apparent digestibility coefficients compared to Arctic charr for most of the tested ingredients. Both corn gluten and barley protein concentrate appear good candidates as alternative protein sources with both species. C1 [Burr, G. S.; Wolters, W. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. [Barrows, F. T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Gaylord, G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Burr, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, 25 Salmon Farm Rd, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. EM gary.burr@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 17 IS 5 BP 570 EP 577 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00855.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 815YT UT WOS:000294566600012 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT AF Brooks, Robert T. TI Declines in summer bat activity in central New England 4 years following the initial detection of white-nose syndrome SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Acoustic survey; AnaBat; Myotis; Summer activity; White-nose syndrome ID FOREST LANDSCAPE; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; PATTERNS AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) was first reported in a hibernating bat population in central New York State in February 2006. Since 2006, WNS has been reported from bat hibernacula across much of eastern United States and adjacent Canada and has been associated with a dramatic decline in the populations of hibernating bats in the northeastern U.S. We are only beginning to discover how these declines are manifest in changes in summer bat abundance and activity at local scales. A 3-year (2004-2006) acoustic survey showed that the forested watershed of the Quabbin Reservoir in central Massachusetts supported an abundant and species-rich summer bat community. In 2010, 4-years following the initial occurrence of WNS, a re-survey of the same habitats and sites found a 72% reduction in bat activity on the watershed. This is the identical rate of decline reported from cave hibernacula surveys (73%). This decline in summer activity levels is most likely a consequence of WNS-caused mortality. The impacts of population losses of this magnitude of a once widespread and abundant taxa are unknown but are presumed to be ecologically significant. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM rtbrooks@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2537 EP 2541 DI 10.1007/s10531-011-9996-0 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 819GV UT WOS:000294814300014 ER PT J AU Goldberg, CS Woodruff, K Toldness, R Waits, LP AF Goldberg, Caren S. Woodruff, Kent Toldness, Rachael Waits, Lisette P. TI Robust molecular sex identification of beaver (Castor canadensis) from non-destructive samples SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Beaver; Sex identification; Sex ratio; SRY; Translocation; Wetland restoration AB Beaver (Castor canadensis) are currently the focus of many wetland restoration projects as a keystone species and an ecosystem engineer. This species forms multi-season pair bonds, making sex ratio an especially important consideration for restoration projects. However, beavers lack external sexual dimorphism (with the exception of lactation) and current methods of sex identification have error rates a parts per thousand yen10%. We improved on previous methods of genetic sex identification for beaver by developing a test that uses a short nuclear fragment in addition to an established Y chromosome-specific sex-determining region (SRY) marker. This method had 100% accuracy with 28 known-sex samples and 95% PCR success with no inconsistencies for 42 hair samples from beavers of unknown sex. We used this test to inform a beaver restoration study and increase the probability of population establishment from translocated animals. C1 [Goldberg, Caren S.; Toldness, Rachael; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Woodruff, Kent] US Forest Serv, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP Goldberg, CS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cgoldberg@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 FU Washington Department of Ecology; U.S. Forest Service; Yakama Nation FX We are grateful to Joanne Crawford for sharing known sex tissue samples and the Fall 2010 Molecular Methods class at the University of Idaho for extracting them. We thank Mary Sterling for her lab work on this project. Hair and tissue samples were collected by Methow Beaver Project crew members Alexis Monetta, Gabriel Spence, Lucas Yockey, and Chris Vennum. We appreciate their efforts. Funding for this project was provided by the Washington Department of Ecology, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Yakama Nation. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9443-2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 817NX UT WOS:000294682100031 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Jackson, DM AF Harrison, Howard F., Jr. Jackson, D. Michael TI Response of two sweet potato cultivars to weed interference SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Weed interference; Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.); Weed competition ID IPOMOEA-BATATAS; COMPETITIVENESS; TOLERANCE; COMPONENTS; YIELD AB Field experiments were conducted at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, U.S.A in 2000, 2001, and 2004 to assess the effect of different durations of weed interference on two sweet potato cultivars with different shoot growth habits. The cultivars were Beauregard, which has a spreading growth habit that is typical of U.S. sweet potato cultivars and Carolina Bunch, with an erect growth habit. Weed interference treatments included control plots that were maintained weed free throughout the growing season and plots that were maintained weed free for 0,10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting. In general, Carolina Bunch was more tolerant of weed interference than was Beauregard. In two of three years Carolina Bunch storage root yields were higher than Beauregard yields in plots that received no weeding; whereas, yields of the two cultivars in weed free plots were not different. Weed interference affected shoot growth to a greater extent than it affected storage root production. At the end of the growing season, Carolina Bunch shoot biomass was greater than Beauregard shoot biomass in plots receiving no weeding and in plots that were maintained weed free for 10 days in all three years. Shoot biomasses of the two cultivars were not different in weed-free plots. Weed shoot biomasses were greater in Beauregard plots than in Carolina Bunch plots in several instances. These results demonstrate that sweet potato cultivars with a vigorous, erect shoot growth habit (with shorter stems, greater branching, and a denser and taller canopy early in the growing season) may be less susceptible to weed interference than cultivars with spreading shoot growth. This study also confirmed previous observations that sweet potato productivity is not greatly affected by moderate weed interference: thus, it may not require intense weed management to produce high yields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harrison, Howard F., Jr.; Jackson, D. Michael] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM howard.harrison@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1291 EP 1296 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.05.002 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 816CT UT WOS:000294577000007 ER PT J AU Zhu, J He, YP Gao, MX Zhou, WJ Hu, J Shen, JL Zhu, YC AF Zhu, Jun He, Yueping Gao, Mingxing Zhou, Weijun Hu, Jun Shen, Jinliang Zhu, Yu Cheng TI Photodegradation of emamectin benzoate and its influence on efficacy against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Emamectin benzoate; Photodegradation; UV light; Chilo suppressalis ID SOILS AB Emamectin benzoate, a novel insecticide with characteristics of translaminar movement into plant leaf tissue, was derived from the avermectin family with improved thermal stability, greater water solubility and a broader spectrum of insecticidal activity than avermectin. To quantify UV photodegradation of emamectin benzoate, HPLC analysis was conducted to quantify residues of MAB1a, the major component in emamectin benzoate, after exposure to UV light for different lengths of time. Results showed both MAB1a concentration and length of UV light exposure (0-120 h) had significant impacts on photodegradation rate. The degradation rate increased as exposure duration increased, but decreased as initial MAB1a concentration increased. Four UV protectants, kojic acid, sodium ligninsulfonate, soybean lecithin and milk, were evaluated for their effect on UV degradation. Results showed that kojic acid could effectively reduce the photodegradation of MAB1a. In addition, the photodegradation of emamectin benzoate was also examined for its influence on the efficacy against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. The results of the bioassays were consistent with those of HPLC analysis. The initial concentration of emamectin benzoate and exposure duration to UV light both had significant influences on the efficacy against C. suppressalis. As the UV exposure time increased, the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis decreased. The results indicated that UV photodegradation has a significant effect on the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis and the effect is concentration-dependant. In addition to understanding the critical factor of UV exposure length, this study also showed that maintaining emamectin benzoate concentration above a certain level in the formulation and the application solution, and applying UV protectants may reduce photodegradation and increase efficacy against target pests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhu, Jun; Gao, Mingxing; Zhou, Weijun; Hu, Jun; Shen, Jinliang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Pesticide Sci, Coll Plant Protect, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [He, Yueping] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Inst Plant Protect & Microbiol, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yu Cheng] ARS, USDA, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shen, JL (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Pesticide Sci, Coll Plant Protect, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM jlshen@njau.edu.cn; yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU Ministry of Agriculture in China [Nongcaifa[2008]No.59] FX The authors are very grateful to Baozi Li (Syngenta Nantong Tech Centre, China) for helping with the experiments, and to Xinyu Li (Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, China) for helping collection of C. suppressalis. The authors also appreciate Dr. Fangneng Huang (Lousiana State University), Yanhua Wang (Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Minghua Wang and Hong Yang (Nanjing Agricultural University), and Sandy West (USDA-ARS, Stoneville MS, USA) for their valuable suggestions in improving the early version of this manuscript. The study was funded by the Test and Demonstrate Program of Replacing High Toxicity Pesticides of the Ministry of Agriculture in China in 2008 (Nongcaifa[2008]No.59). NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1356 EP 1362 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.06.006 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 816CT UT WOS:000294577000017 ER PT J AU He, JJ Dougherty, M Shaw, J Fulton, J Arriaga, F AF He, Jiajie Dougherty, Mark Shaw, Joey Fulton, John Arriaga, Francisco TI Hydraulic management of a soil moisture controlled SDI wastewater dispersal system in an Alabama Black Belt soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alabama Black Belt; Hydraulic management; Irrigation; SDI; Soil moisture; Wastewater ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; IRRIGATION; VERTISOL; SENSOR AB Rural areas represent approximately 95% of the 14000 km(2) Alabama Black Belt, an area of widespread Vertisols dominated by clayey, smectitic, shrink-swell soils. These soils are unsuitable for conventional onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) which are nevertheless widely used in this region. In order to provide an alternative wastewater dosing system, an experimental field moisture controlled subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system was designed and installed as a field trial. The experimental system that integrates a seasonal cropping system was evaluated for two years on a 500-m(2) Houston clay site in west central Alabama from August 2006 to June 2008. The SDI system was designed to start hydraulic dosing only when field moisture was below field capacity. Hydraulic dosing rates fluctuated as expected with higher dosing rates during warm seasons with near zero or zero dosing rates during cold seasons. Lower hydraulic dosing in winter creates the need for at least a two-month waste storage structure which is an insurmountable challenge for rural homeowners. An estimated 30% of dosed water percolated below 45-cm depth during the first summer which included a 30-year historic drought. This massive volume of percolation was presumably the result of preferential flow stimulated by dry weather clay soil cracking. Although water percolation is necessary for OWTS, this massive water percolation loss indicated that this experimental system is not able to effective control soil moisture within its monitoring zone as designed. Overall findings of this study indicated that soil moisture controlled SDI wastewater dosing is not suitable as a standalone system in these Vertisols. However, the experimental soil moisture control system functioned as designed, demonstrating that soil moisture controlled SDI wastewater dosing may find application as a supplement to other wastewater disposal methods that can function during cold seasons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [He, Jiajie; Dougherty, Mark; Fulton, John] Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Shaw, Joey] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Arriaga, Francisco] USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP He, JJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM hejiajie2000@hotmail.com RI He, Jiajie/I-7753-2012 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 92 IS 10 BP 2479 EP 2485 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.05.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 816GE UT WOS:000294585900017 PM 21621905 ER PT J AU Valaitis, AP AF Valaitis, Algimantas P. TI Localization of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxin-binding molecules in gypsy moth larval gut sections using fluorescence microscopy SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry1A toxin-binding receptor; Lymantria dispar; Fluorescence microscopy ID AMINOPEPTIDASE-N-RECEPTOR; MIDGUT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BOMBYX-MORI; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TOXICITY AB The microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces Cry toxins, proteins that bind to the brush border membranes of gut epithelial cells of insects that ingest it, disrupting the integrity of the membranes, and leading to cell lysis and insect death. In gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, two toxin-binding molecules for the Cry1A class of Bt toxins have been identified: an aminopeptidase N (APN-1) and a 270 kDa anionic glycoconjugate (BTR-270). Studies have shown that APN-1 has a relatively weak affinity and a very narrow specificity to Cry1Ac, the only Cry1A toxin that it binds. In contrast, BTR-270 binds all toxins that are active against L dispar larvae, and the affinities for these toxins to BTR-270 correlate positively with their respective toxicities. In this study, an immunohistochemical approach was coupled with fluorescence microscopy to localize APN-1 and BTR-270 in paraffin embedded midgut sections of L. dispar larvae. The distribution of cadherin and alkaline phosphatase in the gut tissue was also examined. A strong reaction indicative of polyanionic material was detected with alcian blue staining over the entire epithelial brush border, suggesting the presence of acidic glycoconjugates in the microvillar matrix. The Cry1A toxin-binding sites were confined to the apical surface of the gut epithelial cells with intense labeling of the apical tips of the microvilli. APN-1, BTR-270, and alkaline phosphatase were found to be present exclusively along the brush border microvilli along the entire gut epithelium. In contrast, cadherin, detected only in older gypsy moth larvae, was present both in the apical brush border and in the basement membrane anchoring the midgut epithelial cells. The topographical relationship between the Bt Cry toxin-binding molecules BTR-270 and APN-1 and the Cry1A toxin-binding sites that were confined to the apical brush border of the midgut cells is consistent with findings implicating their involvement in the mechanism of the action of Bt Cry toxins. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Valaitis, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM avalaitis@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 58 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 108 IS 2 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.07.001 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 819NY UT WOS:000294834800001 PM 21767544 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Rehner, SA Widmer, F Enkerli, J AF Schneider, S. Rehner, S. A. Widmer, F. Enkerli, J. TI A PCR-based tool for cultivation-independent detection and quantification of Metarhizium clade 1 SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium; PCR-based detection and quantification; Quantitative PCR; Soil DNA ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS METARHIZIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; INSECT-PATHOGENIC FUNGI; ANISOPLIAE VAR. ACRIDUM; REAL-TIME PCR; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; RIBOSOMAL DNA AB The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and sister species are some of the most widely used biological control agents for insects. Availability of specific monitoring and quantification tools are essential for the investigation of environmental factors influencing their environmental distribution. Naturally occurring as well as released Metarhizium strains in the environment traditionally are monitored with cultivation-dependent techniques. However, specific detection and quantification may be limited due to the lack of a defined and reliable detection range of such methods. Cultivation-independent PCR-based detection and quantification tools offer high throughput analyses of target taxa in various environments. In this study a cultivation-independent PCR-based method was developed, which allows for specific detection and quantification of the defined Metarhizium clade 1, which is formed by the species Metarhizium majus, Metarhizium guizhouense, Metarhizium pingshaense, Metarhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium robertsii and Metarhizium brunneum, formerly included in the M. anisopliae cryptic species complex. This method is based on the use of clade-specific primers, i.e. Ma 1763 and Ma 2097, that are positioned within the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster, respectively. BLAST similarity searches and empirical specificity tests performed on target and non-target species, as well as on bulk soil DNA samples, demonstrated specificity of this diagnostic tool for the targeted Metarhizium clade 1. Testing of the primer pair in qPCR assays validated the diagnostic method for specific quantification of Metarhizium clade 1 in complex bulk soil DNA samples that significantly correlated with cultivation-dependent quantification. The new tool will allow for highly specific and rapid detection and quantification of the targeted Metarhizium clade 1 in the environment. Habitat with high Metarhizium clade 1 densities can then be analyzed for habitat preferences in greater detail using cultivation-dependent techniques and genetic typing of isolates. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schneider, S.; Widmer, F.; Enkerli, J.] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Rehner, S. A.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Enkerli, J (reprint author), Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. EM juerg.enkerli@art.admin.ch OI Schneider, Salome/0000-0003-2235-964X FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) FX Fungal strains used in this study were provided by the ARS Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungi (ARSEF), Ithaca, USA and Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands. We are grateful to Kaspar Schwarzenbach and Christian Schweizer for help with the collection and processing of soil samples. The project was supported by funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF). NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 108 IS 2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.07.005 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 819NY UT WOS:000294834800006 PM 21821039 ER PT J AU Bendsen, NT Stender, S Szecsi, PB Pedersen, SB Basu, S Hellgren, LI Newman, JW Larsen, TM Haugaard, SB Astrup, A AF Bendsen, Nathalie T. Stender, Steen Szecsi, Pal B. Pedersen, Steen B. Basu, Samar Hellgren, Lars I. Newman, John W. Larsen, Thomas M. Haugaard, Steen B. Astrup, Arne TI Effect of industrially produced trans fat on markers of systemic inflammation: evidence from a randomized trial in women SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; dietary intervention; oxidative stress; ceramide; subcutaneous adipose tissue ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CYTOKINE LEVELS; VEGETABLE-OILS; RISK MARKERS; HEALTHY-MEN AB Consumption of industrially produced trans fatty acids (IP-TFA) has been positively associated with systemic markers of low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in cross-sectional studies, but results from intervention studies are inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a 16 week double-blind parallel intervention study with the objective to examine the effect of IP-TFA intake on bio-markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Fifty-two healthy overweight postmenopausal women (49 completers) were randomly assigned to receive either partially hydrogenated soybean oil (15.7 g/day IP-TFA) or control oil without IP-TFA. After 16 weeks, IP-TFA intake increased baseline-adjusted serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha by 12% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5-20; P = 0.002] more in the IP-TFA group compared with controls. Plasma soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2 were also increased by IP-TFA [155 pg/ml (CI: 63-247); P < 0.001 and 480 pg/ml (CI: 72-887); P = 0.02, respectively]. Serum C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL) 6 and adiponectin and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue mRNA expression of IL6, IL8, TNF alpha, and adiponectin as well as ceramide content were not affected by IP-TFA, nor was urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin-F-2 alpha. In conclusion, this dietary trial indicates that the mechanisms linking dietary IP-TFA to cardiovascular disease may involve activation of the TNF alpha system.-Bendsen, N. T., S. Stender, P. B. Szecsi, S. B. Pedersen, S. Basu, L. I. Hellgren, J. W. Newman, T. M. Larsen, S. B. Haugaard, and A. Astrup. Effect of industrially produced trans fat on markers of systemic inflammation: evidence from a randomized trial in women. J. Lipid Res. 2011. 52: 1821-1828. C1 [Bendsen, Nathalie T.; Larsen, Thomas M.; Astrup, Arne] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Stender, Steen; Szecsi, Pal B.] Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Gentofte, Denmark. [Pedersen, Steen B.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Med, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Basu, Samar] Uppsala Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Clermont, Fac Pharm, Lab Biochim Biol Mol & Nutr, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Hellgren, Lars I.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Hellgren, Lars I.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, Ctr Adv Food Studies, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haugaard, Steen B.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Bendsen, NT (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg, Denmark. EM nathalie@life.ku.dk RI Hellgren, Lars/B-5137-2010; OI Hellgren, Lars/0000-0001-9215-4880; Pedersen, Steen B./0000-0002-7838-8063 FU Danish Council for Strategic Research [2101-06-0005]; Danish Council for Independent Research\Medical Sciences [271-08-0715]; Danish Diabetes Association; USDA-ARS CRIS [5306-51530-019-00D] FX This work was carried out as a part of the research program of the Danish Obesity Research Centre (DanORC, see www.danorc.dk). DanORC is supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research (Grant 2101-06-0005). The study was also supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research backslash Medical Sciences (Grant 271-08-0715), the Danish Diabetes Association, and intramural USDA-ARS CRIS 5306-51530-019-00D. The test fats were kindly provided by AarhusKarlsham, Denmark. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1821 EP 1828 DI 10.1194/jlr.M014738 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 818CO UT WOS:000294727500005 PM 21795740 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Wechter, WP Walcott, RR Keinath, AP AF Ling, Kai-Shu Wechter, W. Patrick Walcott, Ronald R. Keinath, Anthony P. TI Development of a Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Squash Mosaic Virus Useful for Broad Spectrum Detection of Various Serotypes and its Incorporation into a Multiplex Seed Health Assay SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucurbitaceae; seed-borne pathogen; seed health test; watermelon ID GUMMY STEM BLIGHT; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AVENAE SUBSP CITRULLI; COAT PROTEIN GENES; DIDYMELLA-BRYONIAE; ACIDOVORAX-AVENAE; CAUSAL AGENT; WATERMELON; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION AB Seed-borne pathogens pose a serious threat to modern agricultural cropping systems, as they can be disseminated to many geographical regions around the world. With trends of increasing global seed production and trade, seed-health testing is an important quality control step to prevent the introduction of harmful pathogens into agricultural production systems. An effective seed-health assay depends on a test that can provide timely, sensitive and broad-spectrum detection of all genetic variants of a pathogen, or in some cases, of several different pathogens. Previously, we developed a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay that would permit the simultaneous detection of two major seed-borne pathogens of cucurbits, the bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (AAC, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch) and a fungus Didymella bryoniae (DB, the causal agent of gummy stem blight). The objective of the present study was to develop a sensitive, reverse transcriptase (RT)-based, qRT-PCR for broad spectrum detection of both serotypes of Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), that could be incorporated into a simultaneous detection of three pathogen types in a single PCR reaction. Converting SqMV RNA to cDNA prior to multiplexing stabilized the viral template that was then mixed with two other DNA templates (AAC and DB). To facilitate seed health testing, a generic plant nucleic acid extraction method was developed for cucurbit seeds. Using this method, nucleic acids extracted from seeds yielded strong signals for each target pathogen in multiplex qPCR. The ability to use a general nucleic acid extraction technique with subsequent PCR to detect bacterial, fungal and viral plant pathogens lends itself to a universal system for cucurbit seed health testing. C1 [Ling, Kai-Shu; Wechter, W. Patrick] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Walcott, Ronald R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Keinath, Anthony P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov OI Walcott, Ron/0000-0002-4583-5736 FU United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2004-23605-14279] FX We thank Dr Qingsheng Gu at the Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of China for providing a cloned plasmid DNA containing the coat protein gene of the Chinese isolate of squash mosaic virus, and Drs Howard F. Harrison and C. Shaker Kousik for critical readings to the manuscript. We also appreciate the excellent technical assistance from Nelly Khalilian, Emily Fillippeli, Andrea Gilliard and Anita Castro. Funding provided in part by the United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Plant Biosecurity Program award number 2004-23605-14279 entitled 'Magnetic capture hybridization and real-time multiplex PCR for the detection of seedborne pathogens'. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 159 IS 10 BP 649 EP 656 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01814.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 819ZA UT WOS:000294873200001 ER PT J AU Horn, PJ Neogi, P Tombokan, X Ghosh, S Campbell, BT Chapman, KD AF Horn, Patrick J. Neogi, Purnima Tombokan, Xenia Ghosh, Supriyo Campbell, B. Todd Chapman, Kent D. TI Simultaneous Quantification of Oil and Protein in Cottonseed by Low-Field Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Seed; NMR; Oil; Protein; Germplasm ID SEED OIL; OILSEEDS; QUALITY AB Modification of cottonseed quality traits is likely to be achieved through a combination of genetic modification, manipulation of nutrient allocation, and selective breeding. Oil and protein stores account for the majority of mass of cottonseed embryos. A more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between lint quality, lint yield, and embryo reserve accumulation will assist breeders in their efforts to improve seed value. Here we report the development of a rapid, nondestructive, simultaneous method for quantifying oil and protein levels within cottonseed by low-field (1)H time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). This approach is suitable for a minimal amount of seed and represents an accurate (oil R (2) = 0.998, protein R (2) = 0.95), noninvasive alternative to conventional, time-consuming chemical extractions. We demonstrate the value of this approach by surveying seed reserve content, identifying extremes of either protein and/or oil, in two sets of diverse germplasm. C1 [Horn, Patrick J.; Neogi, Purnima; Chapman, Kent D.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tombokan, Xenia; Ghosh, Supriyo] Bruker Corp, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Chapman, KD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, 1511 W Sycamore RM LS A128, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM chapman@unt.edu RI Horn, Patrick/G-1013-2013 OI Horn, Patrick/0000-0002-1057-4708 FU Cotton Incorporated Research Grant [08-395]; University of North Texas FX This research was supported by a Cotton Incorporated Research Grant (Agreement #08-395). P.J.H. was supported by the University of North Texas through the Doctoral Fellowship Program. The authors also acknowledge Sylvia Blaszcyk for assistance with NMR measurements. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1521 EP 1529 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1829-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 815XQ UT WOS:000294563700007 ER PT J AU Schell, WA O'Donnell, K Alspaugh, JA AF Schell, Wiley A. O'Donnell, Kerry Alspaugh, J. Andrew TI Heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis and first isolate of the species outside of Asia SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mucor irregularis; Rhizomucor irregularis; mucormycosis; zygomycosis; heterothallism; zygospore ID CUTANEOUS MUCORMYCOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; ZYGOMYCOSIS; FUSARIUM; WEHMER; FUNGI; CHINA; YOUNG; GIRL AB This study reports on the discovery of heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis) and it extends the range of this species from Asia to the United States. We report on a case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis, involving the forearms of a cotton farmer from North Carolina, in which the infection was cured using amphotericin B therapy. Intraspecific crosses between the North Carolina strain DUMC 150.04 and M. irregularis CBS 103.93, the ex-type strain of R. variabilis var. variabilis from China, resulted in the formation of abundant fertile zygospores. By way of contrast, interspecific crosses between the North Carolina isolate and the ex-neotype strain of M. hiemalis NRRL 3624 resulted in the formation of putative azygospores by M. irregularis DUMC 150.04. C1 [Schell, Wiley A.; Alspaugh, J. Andrew] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Alspaugh, J. Andrew] Duke Univ, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Schell, WA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Med Ctr, Box 3303, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM wiley.schell@duke.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 49 IS 7 BP 714 EP 723 DI 10.3109/13693786.2011.568975 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 819XB UT WOS:000294866400006 PM 21453223 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Penuela, S Schnurr, JA Hunt, EN Foster-Hartnett, D Vandenbosch, KA Gantt, JS AF Samac, Deborah A. Penuela, Silvia Schnurr, Judy A. Hunt, E. Nicole Foster-Hartnett, Dawn Vandenbosch, Kathryn A. Gantt, J. Stephen TI Expression of coordinately regulated defence response genes and analysis of their role in disease resistance in Medicago truncatula SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRIFOLII; APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES; PLANT DEFENSE; INFECTION; PROTEINS; RIBONUCLEASE; ALFALFA; ARABIDOPSIS; TOLERANCE AB Microarray technology was used to identify the genes associated with disease defence responses in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Transcript profiles from M. truncatula cv. Jemalong genotype A17 leaves inoculated with Colletotrichum trifolii and Erysiphe pisi and roots infected with Phytophthora medicaginis were compared to identify the genes expressed in response to all three pathogens and genes unique to an interaction. The A17 genotype is resistant to C. trifolii and E. pisi, exhibiting a hypersensitive response after inoculation, and is moderately susceptible to P. medicaginis. Among the most strongly up-regulated genes in all three interactions were those encoding a hevein-like protein, thaumatin-like protein (TLP) and members of the pathogenesis response (PR) 10 family. Transcripts of genes for enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to the production of isoflavonoid phytoalexins increased dramatically in response to inoculation with the foliar pathogens. In P. medicaginis-inoculated roots, transcripts of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway peaked at 5 days post-inoculation, when symptoms became visible. Transcript accumulation of three PR10 family members, a TLP and chalcone synthase (CHS) was assessed in M. truncatula genotype R108 plants. The R108 plants are resistant to C. trifolii and moderately susceptible to E. pisi and P. medicaginis. Transcript accumulation paralleled the stages of pathogen development. To evaluate the role of a TLP, a PR10 family member and CHS in disease resistance, transgenic R108 plants containing interfering RNA (RNAi) constructs were produced. Reduced expression of PR10 and TLP had no effect on the disease phenotype, whereas reduced expression of CHS resulted in increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. C1 [Samac, Deborah A.; Schnurr, Judy A.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Samac, Deborah A.; Penuela, Silvia; Foster-Hartnett, Dawn] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hunt, E. Nicole] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Vandenbosch, Kathryn A.; Gantt, J. Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Ctr Biol Sci 250, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu RI Penuela, Silvia/A-6961-2010 OI Penuela, Silvia/0000-0003-4829-5517 FU NSF [0196179, 0110206] FX This research was supported by the NSF-Plant Genome Research awards #0196179 and #0110206. We thank Melinda Dornbusch for excellent technical assistance and Natasha Sharopova for microarray analysis. We acknowledge the Computational Genetics Laboratory of the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute for computational support. This article is a joint contribution from the Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products and vendors that might also be suitable. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 12 IS 8 BP 786 EP 798 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2011.00712.X PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815XA UT WOS:000294562100006 PM 21726379 ER PT J AU Cruz, MG Butler, BW Viegas, DX Palheiro, P AF Cruz, Miguel G. Butler, Bret W. Viegas, Domingos X. Palheiro, Pedro TI Characterization of flame radiosity in shrubland fires SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Fire behaviour; Fire spread; Experimental fire; Flame radiation; Flame temperature ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; JACK PINE; FUEL BURNER; CROWN FIRES; SPREAD; BEHAVIOR; BED; TEMPERATURES; WIND AB The present study is aimed at quantifying the flame radiosity vertical profile and gas temperature in moderate to high intensity spreading fires in shrubland fuels. We report on the results from 11 experimental fires conducted over a range of fire rate of spread and frontal fire intensity varying respectively between 0.04-0.35 m s(-1) and 468-14,973 kW m(-1). Flame radiosity, or radiant emissive power, and gas temperatures were measured with narrow angle radiometers and fine wire thermocouples located at three different heights in the flames, 0.6, 1.1 and 1.6 m above ground. Measured peak radiosity within the visual flame region (reaction zone and free flame) varied between 41 and 176 kW m(-2). Measurements within the intermittent flame region above the visually estimated average flame height varied between 10 and 30 kW m(-2). The flame vertical radiometric profile was characterized by a uniform area within the reaction zone and lower free flame, and a decrease in radiosity with height as the measurements approach the flame tip. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. All rights reserved. C1 [Cruz, Miguel G.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci & Climate Adaptat Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Butler, Bret W.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. [Viegas, Domingos X.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Mech Engn, P-3030 Coimbra, Portugal. [Palheiro, Pedro] COTF, Autoridade Florestal Nacl, P-3200901 Cha Do Freixo, Lousa, Portugal. RP Cruz, MG (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci & Climate Adaptat Flagship, GPO Box 284, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM miguel.cruz@csiro.au RI Viegas, Domingos/J-6091-2013; Cruz, Miguel/F-1410-2010; OI Viegas, Domingos/0000-0001-6690-035X; Cruz, Miguel/0000-0003-3311-7582 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2011 VL 158 IS 10 BP 1970 EP 1976 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.03.002 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 815KT UT WOS:000294525200012 ER PT J AU Guevara-Coto, JA Barboza-Vargas, N Hernandez-Jimenez, E Hammond, RW Ramirez-Fonseca, P AF Guevara-Coto, Jose Andres Barboza-Vargas, Natalia Hernandez-Jimenez, Eduardo Hammond, Rosemarie W. Ramirez-Fonseca, Pilar TI Bemisia tabaci Biotype Q is present in Costa Rica SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Whitefly; Alfaro Ruiz region; Biotype; Vector; Potentially viruliferous; Tomato chlorosis virus ID ALEYRODIDAE; HEMIPTERA; VIRUS; POPULATIONS; TOMATO AB Whiteflies are an insect group that comprises multiple species and biotypes, capable of affecting crops by phloem feeding, virus transmission and promotion of fungal colonization. The distribution of these pests is worldwide. In Costa Rica, a country located in the tropics, the most problematic whiteflies are Bemisia tabaci biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. In September 2009, two greenhouses in the Alfaro Ruiz region, northwest of the country's capital, San Jose, were surveyed as part of a larger effort to determine the occurrence of species and races of whiteflies in this agronomically important region. In addition, the insect samples were analyzed to determine the presence of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), a yield-affecting crinivirus transmitted by whiteflies. The results revealed the presence of the Q biotype of B. tabaci, and important invasive species, as well as the expected T. vaporariorum. Viral detection assays identified potentially viruliferous individuals for Tomato chlorosis virus. These results identified a new pest capable of harbouring plant viruses has been identified, as well as a viral agent (ToCV) in a region where it was not reported, and which might cause significant yield losses. C1 [Guevara-Coto, Jose Andres; Barboza-Vargas, Natalia; Hernandez-Jimenez, Eduardo; Ramirez-Fonseca, Pilar] Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Hammond, Rosemarie W.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guevara-Coto, JA (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Pedro, Costa Rica. EM joseaguevara@gmail.com FU CONARE FX We would like to thank Adam Dinsdale for sharing the Bemisia tabaci consensus sequences used as a quantitative parameter in whitefly sequence identification. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments. This research was funded as part of the CONARE effort to generate a strategy to improve crop production in greenhouses in Costa Rica (EIMHAP Project). NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 131 IS 2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9805-3 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 813GQ UT WOS:000294355200001 ER PT J AU Lamprecht, SC Tewoldemedhin, YT Hardy, M Calitz, FJ Mazzola, M AF Lamprecht, Sandra Christina Tewoldemedhin, Yared Tesfai Hardy, Mark Calitz, Frikkie J. Mazzola, Mark TI Effect of cropping system on composition of the Rhizoctonia populations recovered from canola and lupin in a winter rainfall region of South Africa SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Binucleate; Crop sequence; Multinucleate; Sampling time; Tillage practice ID PEACE RIVER REGION; GIRDLING ROOT-ROT; BINUCLEATE RHIZOCTONIA; DAMPING-OFF; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SOLANI; YIELD; RAPESEED; ALBERTA; GROWTH AB Rhizoctonia spp. anastomosis groups (AGs) associated with canola and lupin in the southern and western production areas of the Western Cape province of South Africa were recovered during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons and identified using sequence analyses of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions. The effect of crop rotation systems and tillage practices on the recovery of Rhizoctonia spp. was evaluated at Tygerhoek (southern Cape, Riviersonderend) and Langgewens (western Cape, Moorreesburg) experimental farms. Isolations were conducted from canola planted after barley, medic/clover mixture and wheat, and lupin planted after barley and wheat, with sampling at the seedling, mid-season and seedpod growth stages. In the 2006 study, 93.5% of the Rhizoctonia isolates recovered were binucleate and 6.5% multinucleate; in 2007, 72.8% were binucleate and 27.2% were multinucleate. The most abundant AGs within the population recovered included A, Bo, I and K, among binucleate isolates and 2-1, 2-2 and 11 among multinucleate isolates. Crop rotation sequence, tillage and plant growth stage at sampling all affected the incidence of recovery of Rhizoctonia, but certain effects were site-specific. The binucleate group was more frequently isolated from lupin and the multinucleate group from canola. AG-2-1 was only isolated from canola and AG-11 only from lupin. This study showed that important Rhizoctonia AGs such as AG-2-1, 2-2 and 11 occur in both the southern and the western production areas of the Western Cape province and that crop rotation consistently influences the incidence and composition of the Rhizoctonia community recovered from the cropping system. C1 [Lamprecht, Sandra Christina; Tewoldemedhin, Yared Tesfai] Agr Res Council Plant, Protect Res Inst, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Hardy, Mark] Western Cape Dept Agr, ZA-7607 Elsenburg, South Africa. [Calitz, Frikkie J.] Agr Res Council, Biometry Unit, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Mazzola, Mark] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lamprecht, SC (reprint author), Agr Res Council Plant, Protect Res Inst, Private Bag X5017, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM lamprechts@arc.agric.za FU Protein Research Trust (PRT); Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI); Agricultural Research Services of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS); Department of Agriculture of the Western Cape Province of South Africa FX This research was financially supported by the Protein Research Trust (PRT), the Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI), the Agricultural Research Services of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) and the Department of Agriculture of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. We also thank Alta Schoeman, Almarie Van den Heever, Sheryldene Williams, Gregory Anthony, John Deysel and Lizzie Hugo for technical assistance. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 131 IS 2 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9809-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 813GQ UT WOS:000294355200013 ER PT J AU Burow, G Burke, JJ Xin, ZG Franks, CD AF Burow, Gloria Burke, John J. Xin, Zhanguo Franks, Cleve D. TI Genetic dissection of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Sorghum bicolor L.; Early-season cold tolerance; Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping; RIL population; Microsatellite markers ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LOW-TEMPERATURE GERMINABILITY; SEEDLING VIGOR; GRAIN-SORGHUM; IDENTIFICATION; RICE; SELECTION; LINE; MAP AB Soil temperatures at 15A degrees C or below limit germination and seedling establishment for warm season cereal crops such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) during early-season planting. To better understand the genetics of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with germination, emergence and vigor using a recombinant inbred mapping population was carried out. A mapping population consisting of 171 F(7)-F(8) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between RTx430 (cold-sensitive) and PI610727 (cold-tolerant) was developed and a genetic map was constructed using 141 microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The RILs were evaluated for cold and optimal temperature germinability in the laboratory, field emergence, and seedling vigor in two locations during early-season planting. Two or more QTL were detected for all traits, except for seedling vigor, with only one QTL was detected in the population. A QTL for cold germinability (Germ 12-2.1) showed the highest LOD value and was also associated with optimal germinability. One of the QTL for field emergence, Fearlygerm-9.3, a contribution from PI610727, was found significant in both locations used for the study. This study showed alignment of QTL in SBi1 (Fearlygerm-1.2 and FGerm30-1.2) with previously reported QTL associated with late field emergence identified from a different mapping population. This indicates that PI617027 shares some common loci with other known early-season cold-tolerant sorghum germplasm but also harbors novel QTL that could be useful in introgression of enhanced laboratory germination and early-season field emergence. C1 [Burow, Gloria; Burke, John J.; Xin, Zhanguo; Franks, Cleve D.] ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Burow, Gloria; Burke, John J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Burow, G (reprint author), ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, USDA, 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM gloria.burow@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s11032-010-9491-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 815DD UT WOS:000294505400010 ER PT J AU Kalenkoski, CM Hamrick, KS Andrews, M AF Kalenkoski, Charlene M. Hamrick, Karen S. Andrews, Margaret TI Time Poverty Thresholds and Rates for the US Population SO SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Discretionary time; Time poverty; Time poor; American Time Use Survey ID PRESSURE AB Time constraints, like money constraints, affect Americans' well-being. This paper defines what it means to be time poor based on the concepts of necessary and committed time and presents time poverty thresholds and rates for the US population and certain subgroups. Multivariate regression techniques are used to identify the key variables associated with discretionary time and time poverty. The data confirm the idea that individuals in households with children have less discretionary time and are thus more likely to be time poor than those in households without children. Controlling for other household characteristics, an additional child reduces a household adult's daily discretionary time by 35 min. Surprisingly, while one might expect the necessary and committed activities required of an individual to be less in a two-adult household with children than in a one-adult household with children because child care can be shared, the data show that the presence of such a second adult only marginally reduces the necessary and committed time burden of an individual household member. Perhaps even more surprisingly, household income is not a statistically significant correlate of discretionary time or time poverty. C1 [Kalenkoski, Charlene M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Econ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Hamrick, Karen S.; Andrews, Margaret] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Kalenkoski, CM (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Econ, Bentley Annex 351, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM kalenkos@ohio.edu; Khamrick@ers.usda.gov; Mandrews@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-8300 J9 SOC INDIC RES JI Soc. Indic. Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1 BP 129 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s11205-010-9732-2 PG 27 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 815QP UT WOS:000294541900009 ER PT J AU Poraj-Kobielska, M Kinne, M Ullrich, R Scheibner, K Kayser, G Hammel, KE Hofrichter, M AF Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena Kinne, Matthias Ullrich, Rene Scheibner, Katrin Kayser, Gernot Hammel, Kenneth E. Hofrichter, Martin TI Preparation of human drug metabolites using fungal peroxygenases SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Peroxidase; Peroxygenation; Hydroxylation; O-Dealkylation; N-Dealkylation; Cytochrome P450 ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; CYTOCHROMES P450; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; PROPRANOLOL; TAMOXIFEN; TOXICITY; NAPROXEN; ENZYMES; CYP2D6; 1A2 AB The synthesis of hydroxylated and O- or N-dealkylated human drug metabolites (HDMs) via selective monooxygenation remains a challenging task for synthetic organic chemists. Here we report that aromatic peroxygenases (APOs; EC 1.11.2.1) secreted by the agaric fungi Agrocybe aegerita and Coprinellus radians catalyzed the H(2)O(2)-dependent selective monooxygenation of diverse drugs, including acetanilide, dextrorphan, ibuprofen, naproxen, phenacetin, sildenafil and tolbutamide. Reactions included the hydroxylation of aromatic rings and aliphatic side chains, as well as O- and N-dealkylations and exhibited different regioselectivities depending on the particular APO used. At best, desired HDMs were obtained in yields greater than 80% and with isomeric purities up to 99%. Oxidations of tolbutamide, acetanilide and carbamazepine in the presence of H(2)(18)O(2) resulted in almost complete incorporation of (18)O into the corresponding products, thus establishing that these reactions are peroxygenations. The deethylation of phenacetin-d(1) showed an observed intramolecular deuterium isotope effect [(k(H)/k(D))(obs)] of 3.1 +/- 0.2, which is consistent with the existence of a cytochrome P450-like intermediate in the reaction cycle of APOs. Our results indicate that fungal peroxygenases may be useful biocatalytic tools to prepare pharmacologically relevant drug metabolites. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena; Kinne, Matthias; Ullrich, Rene; Kayser, Gernot; Hofrichter, Martin] Int Grad Sch Zittau IHI Zittau, Dept Bio & Environm Sci, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Scheibner, Katrin] Lausitz Univ Appl Sci, Sect Biotechnol Chem & Proc Engn, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kinne, M (reprint author), Int Grad Sch Zittau IHI Zittau, Dept Bio & Environm Sci, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. EM kinne@ihi-zittau.de RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 FU European Social Fund [080935557]; German Environmental Foundation (DBU) [13225-32]; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF, Cluster Integrierte Bioindustrie Frankfurt) FX We thank M. Kluge, C. Dolge, A. Karutz, N. Lemanska, M. Brandt, U. Schneider and A. Elsner for useful discussions and technical assistance. Financial support of the European Social Fund (project 080935557), the German Environmental Foundation (DBU, project 13225-32) and the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF, Cluster Integrierte Bioindustrie Frankfurt) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 82 IS 7 BP 789 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.020 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 812UA UT WOS:000294317200011 PM 21723855 ER PT J AU Knapp, BO Wang, GG Hu, HF Walker, JL Tennant, C AF Knapp, Benjamin O. Wang, G. Geoff Hu, Huifeng Walker, Joan L. Tennant, Carsyn TI Restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands: Effects of restoration treatments on natural loblolly pine regeneration SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy gaps; Canopy retention; Prescribed fire; Silviculture; Underplanting ID UNEVEN-AGED STANDS; ECOSYSTEM; FIRE; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; BIODIVERSITY; SILVICULTURE; RESOURCES; RESPONSES; FORESTS AB Historical land use and management practices in the southeastern United States have resulted in the dominance of loblolly pine (Pin us taeda L.) on many upland sites that historically were occupied by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). There is currently much interest in restoring high quality longleaf pine habitats to such areas, but managers may also desire the retention of some existing canopy trees to meet current conservation objectives. However, fast-growing natural loblolly pine regeneration may threaten the success of artificially regenerated longleaf pine seedlings. We evaluated the establishment and growth of natural loblolly pine regeneration following different levels of timber harvest using single-tree selection (Control (uncut, residual basal area similar to 16 m(2)/ha), MedBA (residual basal area of similar to 9 m(2)/ha). LowBA (residual basal area of similar to 6 m(2)/ha), and Clearcut (complete canopy removal)) and to different positions within canopy gaps (approximately 2800 m(2)) created by patch cutting at two ecologically distinct sites within the longleaf pine range: Fort Benning, GA in the Middle Coastal Plain and Camp Lejeune, NC in the Lower Coastal Plain. The density of loblolly pine seedlings was much higher at Camp Lejeune than at Fort Benning at the end of the first growing season after harvesting. Following two growing seasons, there were no significant effects of canopy density or gap position on the density of loblolly pine seedlings at either site, but loblolly pine seedlings were taller on treatments with greater canopy removal. Prescribed fires applied following the second growing season killed 70.6% of loblolly pine seedlings at Fort Benning and 64.3% of seedlings at Camp Lejeune. Loblolly pine seedlings were generally less than 2 m tall, and completeness of the prescribed burns appeared more important for determining seedling survival than seedling size. Silvicultural treatments that include canopy removal, such as patch cutting or clearcuts, will increase loblolly pine seedling growth and shorten the window of opportunity for control with prescribed fire. Therefore, application of prescribed fire every 2-3 years will be critical for control of loblolly pine regeneration during restoration of longleaf pine in existing loblolly pine stands. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Knapp, Benjamin O.; Wang, G. Geoff; Hu, Huifeng; Tennant, Carsyn] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Walker, Joan L.] Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Wang, GG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gwang@clemson.edu RI hu, huifeng/I-4694-2012 OI hu, huifeng/0000-0003-2223-170X FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-1474]; United States Department of Defense, United States Department of Energy, and Environmental Protection Agency; Land Management Branch at Fort Benning, GA; Forest Protection Program; Forest Management Program at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC FX Funding for this project was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP; RC-1474), sponsored by the United States Department of Defense, United States Department of Energy, and Environmental Protection Agency. We would like to thank the Land Management Branch at Fort Benning, GA and the Forest Protection Program and Forest Management Program at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, NC for support throughout this project. Special thanks go to Rob Addington and The Nature Conservancy at Fort Benning for assistance with data collection and manuscript review and to Erik Pearson, Seth Cook, Yhtt Nighthawk, and Bryan Mudder for field assistance. We are also appreciative for the improvements to this manuscript through the suggestions of three anonymous reviewers. This is Technical Contribution No. 5948 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 7 BP 1157 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.044 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810QV UT WOS:000294143100001 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Fu, BJ He, CS Sun, G Gao, GY AF Wang, Shuai Fu, Bo-Jie He, Chan-Sheng Sun, Ge Gao, Guang-Yao TI A comparative analysis of forest cover and catchment water yield relationships in northern China SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest cover; Runoff coefficient; Water yield; Northern China; Evapotranspiration ID LOESS-PLATEAU; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION CHANGES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; AFFORESTATION; DEW; COLLECTION; STREAMFLOW; HYDROLOGY; IMPACTS AB During the past few decades, China has implemented several large-scale forestation programs that have increased forest cover from 16.0% in the 1980s to 20.4% in 2009. In northern China, water is the most sensitive and limiting ecological factor. Understanding the dynamic interactions between forest ecosystems and water in different regions is essential for maximizing forest ecosystem services. We examined forest cover and runoff relationships in northern China using published data from a variety of sources. In the Loess Plateau region, forest cover is not correlated with annual precipitation (r = 0.08, p > 0.05) at micro (<50 km(2)) and meso scales (50-1000 km(2)), while they are positively correlated at macro (>1000 km(2)) scale (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Moreover, forest cover is negatively correlated with the runoff coefficient (r = -0.64, p < 0.05). In Northwest China, natural forest distribution is highly correlated with annual precipitation (r = 0.48, p < 0.05) but not with the runoff coefficient (r = -0.09, p > 0.05). In Northeast China, we found a positive relationship between forest cover and the runoff coefficient (r = 0.77, p < 0.05), but the correlation between forest cover and precipitation was not significant (r = 0.28, p > 0.05). The multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that runoff was influenced by altitude, annual precipitation, forest cover, and PET (potential evapotranspiration) in Northeast China. We concluded that geographic differences could mask the true role of forests in the partitioning of rainfall into runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) in a catchment. In determining the forest-water relationship, one must consider climatic controls on ET in addition to forest cover. Forests could potentially enhance the complementary relationship between ET and PET. Therefore, a greater amount of ET in forested areas may decrease the PET on a regional scale. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Shuai; Fu, Bo-Jie; Gao, Guang-Yao] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [He, Chan-Sheng] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Sun, Ge] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Fu, BJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM bfu@rcees.ac.cn RI He, Chansheng/A-3337-2008; Fu, Bojie/B-1493-2009; gao, guangyao/B-3869-2012; Wang, Shuai/B-2334-2017 OI He, Chansheng/0000-0001-7748-0485; Wang, Shuai/0000-0003-1595-9858 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421104]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40930528]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [GJHZ0948]; CAS/SAFEA FX This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB421104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40930528), the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. GJHZ0948) and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams of "Ecosystem Processes and Services." We thank the anonymous reviewers for their detailed and constructive comments which greatly improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 7 BP 1189 EP 1198 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.013 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810QV UT WOS:000294143100005 ER PT J AU Stoleson, SH Ristau, TE deCalesta, DS Horsley, SB AF Stoleson, Scott H. Ristau, Todd E. deCalesta, David S. Horsley, Stephen B. TI Ten-year response of bird communities to an operational herbicide-shelterwood treatment in a northern hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Avian community structure; Glyphosate; Herbicide; Resilience; Shelterwood seed cut; Sulfometuron methyl ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BREEDING BIRDS; HABITAT-QUALITY; BIODIVERSITY; GLYPHOSATE; RESILIENCE; SONGBIRDS; DENSITY; IMPACT; ECOSYSTEMS AB Use of herbicides in forestry to direct successional trajectories has raised concerns over possible direct or indirect effects on non-target organisms. We studied the response of forest birds to an operational application of glyphosate and sulfometuron methyl herbicides, using a randomized block design in which half of each 8 ha block received herbicide and the other acted as a control, on shelterwood seed-cut Allegheny hardwood stands in northwestern Pennsylvania. We monitored birds using 50 m radius point counts in two pretreatment years and for 10 years post-treatment (1992-2004). Fences were erected six years after herbicide treatment in response to increased deer browsing at a subset of sites. Avian responses to herbicide treatment varied by nesting guild: we detected no response by cavity-nesters, but documented declines in the shrub-, ground- and canopy-nesting guilds. Responses were short-lived (2-4 years post-treatment), but shrub-nesters did not recover until fencing provided regenerating vegetation respite from browsing. Thus, apparent responses of birds to herbicide were confounded with deer browsing in this study. High species turnover, even within control plots, suggests that avian communities may be assessed more appropriately assessed at larger spatial scales than those used in this study (6.5-8 ha). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stoleson, Scott H.; Ristau, Todd E.; deCalesta, David S.; Horsley, Stephen B.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Stoleson, SH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM sstoleson@fs.fed.us; tristau@fs.fed.us; daviddecalesta@yahoo.com; bestone@westpa.net FU The Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program; National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program FX We thank J.C. Hovis, L.D. Ordiway, J. Puschock, and E.S. Wilhelm for conducting bird surveys; V.D. Brown, J.A. Crossley, V.F. Flick, D.L. Saf, J.L. Smithbauer, H.S. Steele, E.J. Wiltsie and numerous summer field techs for plant data collection, the Allegheny National Forest staff for helping identify sites and implementing the fencing, cutting, and herbicide (by D. Turner of Turner Enterprises, Youngsville, PA) treatments, and J. Stanovick for statistical guidance. The Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program and National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program funded this work. Suggestions by J. Larkin, D.I. King, L.D. Ordiway, S.L. Stout and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 7 BP 1205 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.017 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810QV UT WOS:000294143100007 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Ritts, WD Yang, ZQ Kennedy, RE Cohen, WB Duane, MV Thornton, PE Law, BE AF Turner, David P. Ritts, William D. Yang, Zhiqiang Kennedy, Robert E. Cohen, Warren B. Duane, Maureen V. Thornton, Peter E. Law, Beverly E. TI Decadal trends in net ecosystem production and net ecosystem carbon balance for a regional socioecological system SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Net ecosystem production; Pacific Northwest Forest Plan; Regional; Ecosystem services; Socioecological system ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DETECTING TRENDS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DISTURBANCE; LAND; LANDSCAPE AB Carbon sequestration is increasingly recognized as an ecosystem service, and forest management has a large potential to alter regional carbon fluxes - notably by way of harvest removals and related impacts on net ecosystem production (NEP). In the Pacific Northwest region of the US, the implementation of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) in 1993 established a regional socioecological system focused on forest management. The NWFP resulted in a large (82%) decrease in the rate of harvest removals on public forest land, thus significantly impacting the regional carbon balance. Here we use a combination of remote sensing and ecosystem modeling to examine the trends in NEP and net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in this region over the 1985-2007 period, with particular attention to land ownership since management now differs widely between public and private forestland. In the late 1980s, forestland in both ownership classes was subject to high rates of harvesting, and consequently the land was a carbon source (i.e. had a negative NECB). After the policy driven reduction in the harvest level, public forestland became a large carbon sink - driven in part by increasing NEP - whereas private forestland was close to carbon neutral. In the 2003-2007 period, the trend towards carbon accumulation on public lands continued despite a moderate increase in the extent of wildfire. The NWFP was originally implemented in the context of biodiversity conservation, but its consequences in terms of carbon sequestration are also of societal interest. Ultimately, management within the NWFP socioecological system will have to consider trade-offs among these and other ecosystem services. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turner, David P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Thornton, Peter E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.turner@oregonstate.edu RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-06ER63917, DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This research was supported by the (1) Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE, Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER63917), for the North American Carbon Program study, "Integrating Remote Sensing, Field Observations, and Models to Understand Disturbance and Climate Effects on the Carbon Balance of the West Coast US", and (2) Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725 to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy). NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 7 BP 1318 EP 1325 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.034 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810QV UT WOS:000294143100018 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Nelson, SD AF Williams, C. F. Nelson, S. D. TI Comparison of Rhodamine-WT and bromide as a tracer for elucidating internal wetland flow dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wetland; Tracer; Rhodamine-WT; Bromide ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; WATER-QUALITY; WASTE-WATER; PERFORMANCE; PONDS; ABUNDANCE; RUNOFF; DESIGN AB Artificially constructed wetlands offer a low-cost treatment alternative to remove a number of pollutants found in effluent water from industry, mining, agriculture, and urban areas. The determination of treatment efficiency cannot be determined without understanding the flow dynamics of individual parcels of water through the wetland. A method for tracking parcels of water is proposed, using Rhodamine-WT as a tracer. A series of tracer tests were conducted on a 1.2 ha treatment wetland. Bromide and Rhodamine-WT were simultaneously dosed into the inlet and monitored at 60 sampling locations for 5 weeks. Rhodamine-WT concentrations were found to be coincident with bromide. For all three events the relationship between Rhodamine-WT concentration and bromide concentration was linear at each sampling point with a slope of 0.82. The peak concentration of Rhodamine-WT and bromide was also found to coincide throughout the wetland. Rhodamine-WT can be used to determine the movement of individual parcels of water through a treatment wetland and used to determine treatment efficiencies at individual locations within a wetland. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, C. F.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Nelson, S. D.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Dept Agron & Resource Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM clinton.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1492 EP 1498 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.05.003 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 805LK UT WOS:000293727700007 ER PT J AU Van Rompay, MI Castaneda-Sceppa, C McKeown, NM Ordovas, JM Tucker, KL AF Van Rompay, Maria I. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen McKeown, Nicola M. Ordovas, Jose M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Older Puerto Rican Adults Living in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Cardiovascular disease risk factors; Type 2 diabetes; Impaired fasting glucose; Hispanics; Puerto Ricans ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ACADEMIC MEDICAL-CENTERS; IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE; ELDERLY HISPANICS; LDL CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-DISEASE; US ADULTS; ASSOCIATION; LIPOPROTEIN AB There remains limited research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Puerto Rican adults. We compared lifestyle and CVD risk factors in Puerto Rican men and women with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or type 2 diabetes (T2D), and investigated achievement of American Diabetes Association (ADA) treatment goals in those with T2D. Baseline data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study were analyzed, which included 1,287 adults aged 45-75 years. Obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia were prevalent and increased from NFG to IFG and T2D. In individuals without T2D, fasting insulin correlated significantly with body mass index. Achievement of ADA goals was poor; LDL cholesterol was most achieved (59.4%), followed by blood pressure (27.2%) and glycosylated hemoglobin (27.0%). Poverty, female sex, current alcohol use, and diabetes or anti-hypertensive medication use were associated with not meeting goals. Puerto Rican adults living in the Boston area showed several metabolic abnormalities and high CVD risk, likely due to pervasive obesity and socio-economic disparities. C1 [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen; Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Van Rompay, Maria I.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McKeown, Nicola M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McKeown, Nicola M.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, 316 Robinson Hall,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kl.tucker@neu.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Van Rompay, Maria/G-9452-2012; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P50HL105185, P50 HL105185]; NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG023394, P01AG023394]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK062032] NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1912 J9 J IMMIGR MINOR HEALT JI J. Immigr. Minor. Health PD OCT PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 825 EP 833 DI 10.1007/s10903-011-9448-7 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 806ZN UT WOS:000293857400004 PM 21298483 ER PT J AU Karaca, H Smilanick, JL AF Karaca, Hakan Smilanick, Joseph L. TI The influence of plastic composition and ventilation area on ozone diffusion through some food packaging materials SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Diffusion; High-density polyethylene; Low-density polyethylene; Polypropylene; Ventilation area ID BARRIER PROPERTIES; PENETRATION; FILMS; GAS AB Regulatory approval of ozone has increased commercial interest in the development of applications to ensure produce quality and safety. However, ozone sometimes fails to inactivate microorganisms on packaged produce and this may be a consequence of poor diffusion into packages. Gaseous ozone (900 +/- 12 mu L/L) was applied to several common plastic films with a range of ventilation areas and diffusion through them determined. A semi-quantitative method using the reaction of ozone with indigo trisulfonate or with indigo carmine dye solutions was used. Dye de-colorization occurred relatively rapidly (in less than 1 h) after exposure to ozone, indicating that it diffused through all tested materials. Although the extent of ozone diffusion followed the sequence of high-density polyethylene > polypropylene > low density polyethylene, differences among them were small and not significant (P>0.05). Ozone diffusion was also determined through a low density polyethylene film with ventilation areas of 1.3, 5.2, and 10.4% created by circular holes 6.5 mm in diameter. Gradual but modest increases in ozone diffusion occurred as the ventilation area increased. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Karaca, Hakan] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Food Engn, TR-20070 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey. [Smilanick, Joseph L.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Karaca, H (reprint author), Pamukkale Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Food Engn, TR-20070 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey. EM hkaraca@pau.edu.tr FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); California Table Grape Commission FX This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the 2214-International Research Scholarship Program. Some supplies and equipment were purchased with financial support of the California Table Grape Commission. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 62 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.04.004 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 808NX UT WOS:000293986800012 ER PT J AU Finney, MA McHugh, CW Grenfell, IC Riley, KL Short, KC AF Finney, Mark A. McHugh, Charles W. Grenfell, Isaac C. Riley, Karin L. Short, Karen C. TI A simulation of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the continental United States SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; LIGHTNING FIRE INITIATION; MIXEDWOOD BOREAL FOREST; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; WILDLAND FIRE; SUPPRESSION EXPENDITURES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; WILDERNESS AREAS; FUEL TREATMENTS; WESTERN CANADA AB This simulation research was conducted in order to develop a large-fire risk assessment system for the contiguous land area of the United States. The modeling system was applied to each of 134 Fire Planning Units (FPUs) to estimate burn probabilities and fire size distributions. To obtain stable estimates of these quantities, fire ignition and growth was simulated for 10,000 to 50,000 "years" of artificial weather. The fire growth simulations, when run repeatedly with different weather and ignition locations, produce burn probabilities and fire behavior distributions at each landscape location (e.g., number of times a "cell" burns at a given intensity divided by the total years). The artificial weather was generated for each land unit using (1) a fire danger rating index known as the Energy Release Component (ERC) which is a proxy for fuel moisture contents, (2) a time-series analysis of ERC to represent daily and seasonal variability, and (3) distributions of wind speed and direction from weather records. Large fire occurrence was stochastically modeled based on historical relationships to ERC. The simulations also required spatial data on fuel structure and topography which were acquired from the LANDFIRE project ( http://www.landfire.gov ). Fire suppression effects were represented by a statistical model that yields a probability of fire containment based on independent predictors of fire growth rates and fuel type. The simulated burn probabilities were comparable to observed patterns across the U.S. over the range of four orders of magnitude, generally falling within a factor of 3 or 4 of historical estimates. Close agreement between simulated and historical fire size distributions suggest that fire sizes are determined by the joint distributions of spatial opportunities for fire growth (dependent on fuels and ignition location) and the temporal opportunities produced by conducive weather sequences. The research demonstrates a practical approach to using fire simulations at very broad scales for purposes of operational planning and perhaps ecological research. C1 [Finney, Mark A.; McHugh, Charles W.; Grenfell, Isaac C.; Short, Karen C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Riley, Karin L.] Syst Environm Management, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway,10 West, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mfinney@fs.fed.us FU FPA FX The authors are indebted to Brent Timothy, Jim Hutton, Stu Bedoll, Tom Quigley, and Danny Lee for their hard work and dedication to developing and operating the simulation system. This effort was made possible by the financial and logistical support provided by Bill Breedlove, Barb Loving, and Donna Scholz on behalf of FPA. NR 112 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 25 IS 7 BP 973 EP 1000 DI 10.1007/s00477-011-0462-z PG 28 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 808FQ UT WOS:000293963000008 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Prevost, NT Condon, B French, A AF Edwards, J. Vincent Prevost, Nicolette T. Condon, Brian French, Alfred TI Covalent attachment of lysozyme to cotton/cellulose materials: protein verses solid support activation SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Lysozyme; WSC carbodiimide; Cotton; Immobilization ID EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES; CELLULOSE-FIBERS; COTTON FABRICS; DI-SACCHARIDES; CELL WALLS; CHITOSAN; ENHANCEMENT; LACTOFERRIN AB Covalent attachment of enzymes to cellulosic materials like cotton is of interest where either release or loss of enzyme activity over time needs to be avoided. The covalent attachment of an enzyme to a cellulosic substrate requires either activation of a protein side chain or an organic functional group on the cellulosic substrate. Use of a water soluble carbodiimide to create an amide linkage as the covalent attachment between the enzyme and substrate represents an aqueous-based alternative which may be preferred for textile processes. Here we describe an amide bond-mediated lysozyme immobilization applied to cotton where either the carboxylate side chains of the protein or pendant carboxylates in a citrate, cross-linked cotton support are activated as the O-acyl-isourea intermediate, and the reactive amino nucleophiles are derived from amino-silanized cotton and the protein's amino side chains, respectively. A comparison is made of the two activation approaches to covalently link lysozyme to two different cotton fabrics using the water soluble carbodiimide 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide-metho-p-toluene sulfonate. A comparison of the resulting enzyme activities of lysozyme on two different cotton supports showed that linking lysozyme to citrate crosslinked cotton gave higher activity than on aminosilanized cotton. The lysozyme-cellulose conjugate formed on the citrate crosslinked nonwoven cotton fabric gave the highest yield and antimicrobial activity. C1 [Edwards, J. Vincent; Prevost, Nicolette T.; Condon, Brian; French, Alfred] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vince.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD OCT PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1249 DI 10.1007/s10570-011-9563-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 805DZ UT WOS:000293707900009 ER PT J AU Rieke-Zapp, DH Nichols, MH AF Rieke-Zapp, Dirk H. Nichols, Mary H. TI Headcut retreat in a semiarid watershed in the southwestern United States since 1935 SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Headcut; Gully erosion; Long term; Rangeland; Plunge pool erosion ID GULLY EROSION; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; MIGRATION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; SCALE; SOIL AB Headcuts are prominent features in the southwestern United States. Within the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) survey data was available to quantify the retreat of the three most prominent headcuts in sub-watershed 63.011 from 1935 to 2006. The headcuts serve as major sediment sources and were investigated to identify and understand factors controlling retreat rate in this watershed. The data was incorporated and analyzed in a geographical information system (GIS). The headcuts have retreated persistently since 1935. A power relationship was fitted by regression (R(2)=0.89) correlating the retreat rate with the product of contributing drainage area and areal precipitation for precipitation exceeding a threshold intensity (130 >= 25 mm hr(-1)). This site specific relationship may not apply universally in other regions. Headcut retreat was not induced by external forcing. The autocyclic behavior of headcut retreat was found typical for the southwestern United States. The data did not allow timing or identification of initial causes for headcut retreat. Data suggests that all three headcuts will continue to retreat in the future, even though the retreat rate of one headcut was severely inhibited by exhumation a layer of cemented material, acting as local base level control. Most of the sediment eroded at the active headcut scarp was not transported very far, indicating that headcutting in this area results in local reworking rather than removal of material from the watershed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rieke-Zapp, Dirk H.] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [Nichols, Mary H.] USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Rieke-Zapp, DH (reprint author), Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. EM zapp@geo.unibe.ch RI Rieke-Zapp, Dirk/F-7643-2010 OI Rieke-Zapp, Dirk/0000-0002-1378-7442 FU Stiftung zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung an der Universitat Bern [35/2004] FX Sincere appreciation is extended to "Stiftung zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung an der Universitat Bern (#35/2004)" for funding support and to Catlow Shipek for field and data processing help. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD OCT PY 2011 VL 87 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2011.04.002 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 797DS UT WOS:000293105300001 ER PT J AU Lloyd, W David, O Ascough, JC Rojas, KW Carlson, JR Leavesley, GH Krause, P Green, TR Ahuja, LR AF Lloyd, W. David, O. Ascough, J. C., II Rojas, K. W. Carlson, J. R. Leavesley, G. H. Krause, P. Green, T. R. Ahuja, L. R. TI Environmental modeling framework invasiveness: Analysis and implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Component-based modeling; Environmental modeling frameworks; Invasiveness; Frameworks; Software metrics ID OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN; METRICS; SIMULATION; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; ISSUES AB Environmental modeling frameworks support scientific model development by providing model developers with domain specific software libraries which are used to aid model implementation. This paper presents an investigation on the framework invasiveness of environmental modeling frameworks. Invasiveness, similar to object-oriented coupling, is defined as the quantity of dependencies between model code and a modeling framework. We investigated relationships between invasiveness and the quality of modeling code, and also the utility of using a lightweight framework design approach in an environmental modeling framework. Five metrics to measure framework invasiveness were proposed and applied to measure dependencies between model and framework code of several implementations of Thornthwaite and the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), two well-known hydrological models. Framework invasiveness measures were compared with existing common software metrics including size (lines of code), cyclomatic complexity, and object-oriented coupling. Models with lower framework invasiveness tended to be smaller, less complex, and have less coupling. In addition, the lightweight framework implementations of the Thornthwaite and PRMS models were less invasive than the traditional framework model implementations. Our results show that model implementations with higher degrees of framework invasiveness also had structural characteristics which previously have been shown to predict poor maintainability, a non-functional code quality attribute of concern. We conclude that using a framework with a lightweight framework design shows promise in helping to improve the quality of model code and that the lightweight framework design approach merits further attention by environmental modeling framework developers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lloyd, W.; David, O.; Leavesley, G. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lloyd, W.; David, O.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lloyd, W.; Ascough, J. C., II; Green, T. R.; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, ASRU, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rojas, K. W.; Carlson, J. R.] USDA NRCS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Krause, P.] Univ Jena, Dept Geog, Jena, Germany. RP Lloyd, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, ASRU, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wlloyd@acm.org NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1240 EP 1250 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.03.011 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 788GQ UT WOS:000292433800007 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Derome, D Glass, SV AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Derome, Dominique Glass, Samuel V. TI Combining hygrothermal and corrosion models to predict corrosion of metal fasteners embedded in wood SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Corrosion; Hygrothermal modeling; Decks; Wood preservatives ID MONITORING STEEL CORROSION; WIND-DRIVEN RAIN; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; REINFORCED-CONCRETE; TREATED WOOD; MOISTURE; SIMULATIONS; RESISTANCE; INDEX; RATES AB A combined heat, moisture, and corrosion model is presented and used to simulate the corrosion of metal fasteners embedded in solid wood exposed to the exterior environment. First, the moisture content and temperature at the wood/fastener interface is determined at each time step. Then, the amount of corrosion is determined spatially using an empirical corrosion rate model and the inputs of the first step. The result is a corrosion profile along the length of the fastener generated by summing the corrosion depths determined at each time step. We apply the combined model to predict the annual corrosion depth along a metal fastener in wood decks situated in nine different US cities. Corrosion profiles are found to exhibit the same general shape independently of climatic load, with the largest amount of corrosion occurring at 1-5 mm from the wood surface with corrosion depths ranging from 5 pm in Phoenix. Arizona to 45 mu m in Hilo, Hawaii. Corrosion is confined to the first 7-20 mm of the fastener below the wood surface. By varying the climatic loads, we find that although there is a definite relation between total annual rain and total annual corrosion, under the same rain loads corrosion is higher for a climate with more evenly distributed rain events. The proposed combined model is able to capture corrosion behavior under varying loading. A sensitivity analysis gives guidelines for future corrosion modeling work for fasteners in wood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Glass, Samuel V.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Derome, Dominique] Empa Swiss Fed Lab Mat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009 FU US. Federal Highway Administration FX The authors acknowledge funding from the US. Federal Highway Administration under the Cooperative Research Program for Covered Bridges. The authors are grateful for the contributions and support of Jan Carmeliet and Hannelore Derluyn (Chair of Building Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland), Peter Moonen (Empa, Dubendorf, Switzerland), and C.R. Boardman (US Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA). NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 46 IS 10 BP 2060 EP 2068 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.017 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 785IY UT WOS:000292223900022 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB Bailey, RB Geveke, DJ Zhang, HQ AF Gurtler, Joshua B. Bailey, Rebecca B. Geveke, David J. Zhang, Howard Q. TI Pulsed electric field inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and non-pathogenic surrogate E. coli in strawberry juice as influenced by sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and citric acid SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Pulsed electric field; Strawberry juice; E. coli O157:H7; Surrogate; Antimicrobial; Potassium sorbate; Sodium benzoate; Citric acid ID SHELF-LIFE EXTENSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS; NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; APPLE JUICE; O157-H7; O157H7; FOODS AB Current FDA regulations require that juice processors achieve a 5 log CFU/ml reduction of a target pathogen prior to distributing products. Whereas thermal pasteurization reduces the sensory characteristics of juice, pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments can be conducted at lower temperatures and may preserve sensory characteristics. Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) and a non-pathogenic E. coli (ATCC 35218), respectively, were inoculated into single-strength strawberry juice with or without 750 ppm sodium benzoate (SB), 350 ppm potassium sorbate (PS), and 2.7% citric acid (CA). Juice was treated at outlet temperatures of 45, 50 and 55 degrees C at a field strength of 18.6 kV/cm for 150 mu s with a laboratory-scale PEF unit. Inactivation of surrogate E. coli at 45, 50, and 55 degrees C were 2.86, 3.12, and 3.79 log CFU/ml, respectively, in plain juice (pH 3.4), and 2.75, 3.52, and 5.11 with the addition of benzoic and sorbic acids (pH 3.5). Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 under the same conditions were 3.09, 4.08, and 4.71 log CFU/ml, respectively, and 2.27, 3.29, and 5.40 with antimicrobials. E. coli O157:H7 in juice with antimicrobials and 2.7% CA (pH 2.7) treated with PEF was reduced by 2.60, 4.32 and 6.95 log CFU/ml at 45, 50 and 55 degrees C while the surrogate E. coli decreased by 3.54, 5.69, and 7.13 log under the same conditions. When juice (pH 2.7) was held for 6 h without PEF treatment, higher numbers of E. coli 35218 (7.17 log CFU/ml) were inactivated than of acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 (3.89 log). Slightly greater PEF inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 than of the surrogate bacterium indicates that E. coli ATCC 35218 provides a margin of safety when used as a surrogate for O157:H7 in plain strawberry juice or in juice + SB + PS at 45-50 degrees C. or with SB + PS and CA at 55 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gurtler, Joshua B.; Bailey, Rebecca B.; Geveke, David J.; Zhang, Howard Q.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gurtler, JB (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) FX This study was conducted within USDA, ARS CRIS project 1935-41420-013-00D through ARS National Program 108. The authors thank Glenn Boyd and Johari Jordan for their technical and laboratory assistance, Xuetong Fan, Tony Jib, and Dike Ukuku for reviewing this manuscript and providing helpful feedback. We also express appreciation to our anonymous cooperating industry partner for funding this research with a USDA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) and for supplying the juice and preservatives used in this study. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD OCT PY 2011 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1689 EP 1694 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.03.029 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 781DE UT WOS:000291910000020 ER PT J AU Chung, JY Kyle, GT Petrick, JF Absher, JD AF Chung, Jin Young Kyle, Gerard T. Petrick, James F. Absher, James D. TI Fairness of prices, user fee policy and willingness to pay among visitors to a national forest SO TOURISM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Multiple-group SEM; Spending support; Price fairness; Place attachment; User fees; Willingness to pay ID PLACE ATTACHMENT; RECREATION FEES; PUBLIC LANDS; TOURISM; EQUITY; INFORMATION; PERCEPTIONS; VALUATION; ATTITUDES; RESOURCE AB Imposing user fees in Nature-Based Tourism (NBT) contexts has been a controversial issue. Based on the notions of justice and fairness, this study extended previous work examining the relationship between attitudes toward user fees and spending support. In a proposed structural model of price fairness, fee spending support, and willingness to pay (WTP), this paper identified the antecedents of WTP user fees, and empirically examined to what extent the data fit the model. Furthermore, the moderating role of place attachment in the model was investigated by using multiple-group structural equation modeling. Subjects (n = 562) were recreational tourists to a forest area in the southeast U.S. Results revealed that spending support partially played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived price fairness and WTP user fees. A multiple-group invariance test also demonstrated that while the degree of place identity moderated the effect of price fairness on spending support, the degree of place dependence did not influence the relationships among the antecedents of WTP. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, Jin Young; Kyle, Gerard T.; Petrick, James F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Absher, James D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Chung, JY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jy0914@tamu.edu; gerard@tamu.edu; jpetrick@tamu.edu; jabsher@fs.fed.us OI Kyle, Gerard/0000-0002-6944-9020; Chung, Jin Young/0000-0001-6951-0621 NR 70 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-5177 EI 1879-3193 J9 TOURISM MANAGE JI Tourism Manage. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1038 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.08.016 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Management SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Business & Economics GA 771VZ UT WOS:000291190100008 ER PT J AU Wada, S Reed, BM AF Wada, Sugae Reed, Barbara M. TI Optimized scarification protocols improve germination of diverse Rubus germplasm SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Dormancy; Germplasm; Hilar-end hole; Seed coat; Seed treatment; Tetrazolium testing ID SEEDS; BLACKBERRY AB Seed collections of the wild relatives of cultivated blackberry and raspberry (Rubus species) are maintained at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR. Information on wild species germination requirements is rarely available, and germination may be poor or slow, making it difficult for scientists to use them for breeding improved cultivars. Eight diverse Rubus species in 6 of the 12 Rubus subgenera from seed stored at -20 degrees C for 1-23 years were studied. Seed weight, seed-coat thickness and hardness varied widely. Scarification with sulfuric acid (98% H(2)SO(4)) or sodium hypochlorite (14% NaOCl) was followed by germination treatments of deionized water (DI), smoke gas or a combination of gibberellic acid (2.03 mg/L GA(3)) and potassium nitrate (34 mg/L KNO(3)) during stratification. The commonly used scarification protocols were not effective for many species; but effective scarification exposure was established based on the amount of embryo damage seen with 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TZ) viability testing. H(2)SO(4) scarification followed by a treatment with KNO(3) and GA3 during stratification was highly effective for the most species. Two species in subgenus Anoplobatus had a hilar-end hole that allowed rapid germination of unscarified seed. Some species with extremely hard seed coats had little or no germination, and longer scarification times are suggested based on seed size, seed-coat thickness and hardness and viability testing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Wada, Sugae] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM wadas@hort.oregonstate.edu; Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service [5358-21000-038-00D] FX Research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5358-21000-038-00D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This research was part of a Ph.D. dissertation by Sugae Wada. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP 30 PY 2011 VL 130 IS 3 BP 660 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.023 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836RK UT WOS:000296128600025 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Baker, A Chen, P AF Sun, Jianghao Baker, Andrew Chen, Pei TI Profiling the indole alkaloids in yohimbe bark with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; HERBAL MEDICINE; STEREOCHEMISTRY; IDENTIFICATION; UNDULATINE; SAFETY; ROOTS; MSE AB An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) method was developed for profiling the indole alkaloids in yohimbe bark. Many indole alkaloids with the yohimbine or ajmalicine core structure, plus methylated, oxidized and reduced species, were characterized. Common fragments and mass differences are described. It was shown that the use of IMS could provide another molecular descriptor, i.e. molecular shape by rotationally averaged collision cross-section; this is of great value for identification of constituents when reference materials are usually not available. Using the combination of high resolution (similar to 40000) accurate mass measurement with time-aligned parallel (TAP) fragmentation, MS(E) (where E represents collision energy), ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS) and UPLC chromatography, a total 55 indole alkaloids were characterized and a few new indole alkaloids are reported for the first time. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Baker, Andrew] Waters Corp, Pleasanton, CA USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 18 BP 2591 EP 2602 DI 10.1002/rcm.5158 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 812DI UT WOS:000294267600002 PM 23657953 ER PT J AU Dong, GY Xu, C Wang, CM Wu, B Luo, J Zhang, H Nolte, DL Deliberto, TJ Duan, MX Ji, GJ He, HX AF Dong, Guoying Xu, Cong Wang, Chengmin Wu, Bin Luo, Jing Zhang, Hong Nolte, Dale Louis Deliberto, Thomas Jude Duan, Mingxing Ji, Guangju He, Hongxuan TI Reassortant H9N2 Influenza Viruses Containing H5N1-Like PB1 Genes Isolated from Black-Billed Magpies in Southern China SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AVIAN INFLUENZA; HONG-KONG; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN INFECTION; MAINLAND CHINA; H5N1; EVOLUTION; DUCKS AB H9N2 influenza A viruses have become endemic in different types terrestrial poultry and wild birds in Asia, and are occasionally transmitted to humans and pigs. To evaluate he role of black-billed magpies (Pica pica) in the evolution of influenza A virus, we conducted two epidemic surveys on avian influenza viruses in wild black-billed magpies in Guangxi, China in 2005 and characterized three isolated black-billed magpie H9N2 viruses (BbM viruses). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that three BbM viruses were almost identical with 99.7 to 100% nucleotide homology in their whole genomes, and were reassortants containing BJ94-like (Ck/BJ/1/94) HA, NA, M, and NS genes, SH/F/98-like (Ck/SH/F/98) PB2, PA, and NP genes, and H5N1-like (Ck/YN/1252/03, clade 1) PB1 genes. Genetic analysis showed that BbM viruses were most likely the result of multiple reassortments between co-circulating H9N2-like and H5N1-like viruses, and were genetically different from other H9N2 viruses because of the existence of H5N1-like PB1 genes. Genotypical analysis revealed that BbM viruses evolved from diverse sources and belonged to a novel genotype (B46) discovered in our recent study. Molecular analysis suggested that BbM viruses were likely low pathogenic reassortants. However, results of our pathogenicity study demonstrated that BbM viruses replicated efficiently in chickens and a mammalian mouse model but were not lethal for infected chickens and mice. Antigenic analysis showed that BbM viruses were antigenic heterologous with the H9N2 vaccine strain. Our study is probably the first report to document and characterize H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from black-billed magpies in southern China. Our results suggest that black-billed magpies were susceptible to H9N2 influenza viruses, which raise concerns over possible transmissions of reassortant H9N2 viruses among poultry and wild birds. C1 [Dong, Guoying; Wang, Chengmin; Wu, Bin; Luo, Jing; Zhang, Hong; He, Hongxuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Natl Res Ctr Wildlife Born Dis, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dong, Guoying; Ji, Guangju] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Natl Lab Biomacromol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Xu, Cong] Southwest Univ, Coll Food Sci, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Nolte, Dale Louis; Deliberto, Thomas Jude] USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Duan, Mingxing] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biomembrane & Membrane Biotechnol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Dong, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Natl Res Ctr Wildlife Born Dis, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM gj28@ibp.ac.cn; hehx@ioz.ac.cn FU science & technology support project of the eleventh-five-year plan of China [2009BAI83B01]; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China [2007BC109103]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-YW-N-063]; NWDP USDA-IOZ CAS [0760621234] FX This work was supported by grants from the science & technology support project of the eleventh-five-year plan of China (2009BAI83B01), the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007BC109103), the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX2-YW-N-063) and NWDP USDA-IOZ CAS joint project (0760621234). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 29 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e25808 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025808 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834DM UT WOS:000295939600056 PM 21980538 ER PT J AU Yuan, FM Meixner, T Fenn, ME Simunek, J AF Yuan, Fengming Meixner, Thomas Fenn, Mark E. Simunek, Jirka TI Impact of transient soil water simulation to estimated nitrogen leaching and emission at high- and low-deposition forest sites in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; N2O EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; OXIDE EMISSIONS; MODEL; DAYCENT; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; ROOT AB Soil water dynamics and drainage are key abiotic factors controlling losses of atmospherically deposited N in Southern California. In this paper soil N leaching and trace gaseous emissions simulated by the DAYCENT biogeochemical model using its original semi-dynamic water flow module were compared to that coupled with a finite element transient water flow module (HYDRUS), for two mixed conifer forests with annual deposition rates of about 70 and 9 kg N ha(-1), in the San Bernardino National Forest. Numerical solution of the Richards equation implemented in HYDRUS water module could improve response of surface soil water dynamics to precipitation pattern, compared to the original, and consequently it resulted in annual N gaseous emission loss about 1.5 similar to 2 times higher. While the two flow modules predicted similar amounts of annual water drainage, the HYDRUS water module simulated more frequent, but smaller drainage fluxes, which favors soil mineralization and downward transport. In normal precipitation years, annual leaching losses predicted by the HYDRUS coupled DAYCENT model was about 5-18 kg N ha(-1) higher due to different temporal patterns of daily water drainage. In dry and wet years, leaching losses were similar. Our analysis suggests that it is necessary to fully capture dynamics of transient water flow (e. g., by numerically solving the transient Richards equation) in order to adequately estimate soil N gaseous emissions and N transport and thus leaching, although it requires more computational resources while the uncertainty in model improvement is still large due to lack of measurements. C1 [Yuan, Fengming] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Meixner, Thomas] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Simunek, Jirka] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Yuan, FM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 902 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fyuan@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 04-21530] FX We thank the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University for permitting use of their DAYCENT model, training, and providing code for this work. Michael F. Allen and Kuni Kitajima in the Center for Conservation Biology (CCB), University of California at Riverside (UCR), shared their long-term monitoring data at James San Jacinto Mountains Reserves with us for the model comparison. CCB at UCR also provided logistical support for this work. This project was funded by National Science Foundation (DEB 04-21530). NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 29 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G03040 DI 10.1029/2011JG001644 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 828VG UT WOS:000295531000001 ER PT J AU Wang, YS Xin, JY Li, ZQ Wang, SG Wang, PC Hao, WM Nordgren, BL Chen, HB Wang, LL Sun, Y AF Wang, Yuesi Xin, Jinyuan Li, Zhanqing Wang, Shigong Wang, Pucai Hao, Wei Min Nordgren, Bryce L. Chen, Hongbin Wang, Lili Sun, Yang TI Seasonal variations in aerosol optical properties over China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ACE-ASIA; REGION; MODIS; PRODUCTS; DEPTH; VALIDATION; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; PACIFIC AB Seasonal variations in background aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol type are investigated over various ecosystems in China based upon three years' worth of meteorological data and data collected by the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network. In most parts of China, AODs are at a maximum in spring or summer and at a minimum in autumn or winter. Minimum values (0.10 similar to 0.20) of annual mean AOD at 500 nm are found in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the remote northeast corner of China, the northern forest ecosystems and Hainan Island. Annual mean AOD ranges from 0.25 to 0.30 over desert and oasis areas, as well as the desertification grasslands in northern China; the annual mean AOD over the Loess Plateau is moderately high at 0.36. Regions where the highest density of agricultural and industrial activities are located and where anthropogenic sulphate aerosol and soil aerosol emissions are consistently high throughout the whole year (e.g., the central-eastern, southern and eastern coastal regions of China) experience annual mean AODs ranging from 0.50 similar to 0.80. Remarkable seasonal changes in the main types of aerosol over northern China (characterized by the Angstrom exponent, a) are seen. Due to biomass and fossil fuel burning from extensive agricultural practices in northern rural areas, concentrations of smoke and soot aerosols rise dramatically during autumn and winter (high a), while the main types of aerosol during spring and summer are dust and soil aerosols (low a). Over southeastern Asia, biomass burning during the spring leads to increases in smoke and soot emissions. Over the Tibetan Plateau and Hainan Island where the atmosphere is pristine, the main types of aerosol are dust and sea salt, respectively. C1 [Wang, Yuesi; Xin, Jinyuan; Wang, Pucai; Chen, Hongbin; Wang, Lili; Sun, Yang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LAPC, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhanqing] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20782 USA. [Wang, Shigong] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Hao, Wei Min; Nordgren, Bryce L.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LAPC, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM xjy@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; 辛, 金元/F-7310-2012; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; 辛, 金元/0000-0003-4243-5072; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X FU Field Station Network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40525016, 40675037, 40520120071]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05100100] FX This work was partly supported by the Project of Field Station Network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40525016; 40675037; 40520120071), and the special project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05100100). The authors are grateful to NASA/GSFC and the CERN stations managed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences for their contribution to this research. NR 70 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D18209 DI 10.1029/2010JD015376 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 828XD UT WOS:000295536700001 ER PT J AU Kim, SP Kang, MY Kim, JH Nam, SH Friedman, M AF Kim, Sung Phil Kang, Mi Young Kim, Jae Ho Nam, Seok Hyun Friedman, Mendel TI Composition and Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Hericium erinaceus Mushroom Extracts in Tumor-Bearing Mice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts; composition mice; antitumor effect; biomarkers; mechanism of tumor regression ID NITRIC-OXIDE; CANCER CELLS; ANGIOGENESIS; INHIBITION; GROWTH; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; 5-LIPOXYGENASE; PROLIFERATION; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGES AB We investigated antitumor effects of the following four extracts of freeze-dried Hericium erinaceus mushrooms in Balb/c mice intracutaneously transplanted on the backs with CT-26 colon cancer cells: HWE, hot water extraction by boiling in water for 3 h; MWE, microwaving in 50% ethanol/water at 60W for 3 min; and ACE and AKE, boiling in 1% HCl or 3% NaOH for 2 h. HWE and MWE with a higher content of beta-glucans, determined by an assay kit, than ACE and MKE were active in all bioassays. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses showed the presence of 40, 27, 16, and 13 compounds, respectively, in the four extracts. Daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections of HWE and MWE for 2 weeks significantly reduced tumor weights by 38 and 41%. Tumor regressions were associated with changes in the following cancer biomarkers as compared to phosphate buffer (PBS)-treated control mice: 2.7- and 2.4-fold increases in cytolytic activity of splenic natural killer (NK) cells; restored nitric oxide production and phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages to 95-98% of normal levels; similar to 2-fold increase in released pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleulcin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 from macrophages; and similar to 56 and similar to 60% reductions in the number of blood vessels inside the tumor. The pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were also significantly reduced in mRNA and protein expression by tumor genes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of tumor cells confirmed reduced expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX (32 and 31%). Reduced COX-2 and 5-LOX expression down-regulated VEGF expression, resulting in inhibition of neo-angiogenesis inside the tumors. The results indicate that induction of NK activity, activation of macrophages, and inhibition of angiogenesis all contribute to the mechanism of reduction of tumor size. C1 [Nam, Seok Hyun] Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Kim, Sung Phil; Kim, Jae Ho] Ajou Univ, Dept Mol Sci & Technol, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Kang, Mi Young] Kyoungpook Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, SH (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM shnam@ajou.ac.kr OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 18 BP 9861 EP 9869 DI 10.1021/jf201944n PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 822OX UT WOS:000295059100017 PM 21846141 ER PT J AU Li, XL Zheng, W Machesky, ML Yates, SR Katterhenry, M AF Li, Xiaolin Zheng, Wei Machesky, Michael L. Yates, Scott R. Katterhenry, Michael TI Degradation Kinetics and Mechanism of Antibiotic Ceftiofur in Recycled Water Derived from a Beef Farm SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ceftiofur; concentrated animal feeding operations; recycled water; biodegradation; hydrolysis ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE GENES; SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES; VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; GROUNDWATER; SODIUM; MANURE; DESFUROYLCEFTIOFUR AB Ceftiofur is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that has been widely used to treat bacterial infections in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Land application of CAFO waste may lead to the loading of ceftiofur residues and its metabolites to the environment. To understand the potential contamination of the antibiotic in the environment, the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of ceftiofur in solutions blended with and without the recycled water derived from a beef farm were investigated The transformation of ceftiofur in aqueous solutions in the presence of the CAFO recycled water was the combined process of hydrolysis and biodegradation. The total degradation rates of ceftiofur at 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 45 degrees C varied from 0.4-2.8 x 10(-3), 1.4-4.4 x 10(-3), 6.3-11 x 10(-3), and 11-17 x 10(-3) h(-1), respectively, in aqueous solutions blended with 1 to 596 CAFO recycled water. Hydrolysis of ceftiofur increased with incubation temperature from 15 to 45 C. The biodegradation rates of ceftiofur were also temperature-dependent and increased with the application amounts of the recycled CAFO water. Cef-aldehyde and desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) were identified as the main biodegradation and hydrolysis products, respectively. This result suggests that the primary biodegradation mechanism of ceftiofur was the cleavage of the beta-lactam ring, while hydrolytic cleavage occurred at the thioester bond Unlike DFC and ceftiofur, cef-aldehyde does not contain a beta-lactam ring and has less antimicrobial activity, indicating that the biodegradation of ceftiofur in animal wastewater may mitigate the potentially adverse impact of the antibiotic to the environment. C1 [Li, Xiaolin; Zheng, Wei] Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Machesky, Michael L.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Katterhenry, Michael] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Sustainable Technol Ctr, Prairie Res Inst, 1 Hazelwood Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM wzheng@istc.illinois.edu RI Li, Xiaolin/E-5320-2013 FU USDA [2010-65102-20403] FX This study was supported by the USDA NIFA Grant 2010-65102-20403. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 18 BP 10176 EP 10181 DI 10.1021/jf202325c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 822OX UT WOS:000295059100057 PM 21863813 ER PT J AU Xie, CH Kang, J Chen, JR Nagarajan, S Badger, TM Wu, XL AF Xie, Chenghui Kang, Jie Chen, Jin-Ran Nagarajan, Shanmugam Badger, Thomas M. Wu, Xianli TI Phenolic Acids Are in Vivo Atheroprotective Compounds Appearing in the Serum of Rats after Blueberry Consumption SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE blueberry; cytokine; inflammation; MAPK; phenolic acid; scavenger receptor ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; FRUIT POLYPHENOLS; DEFICIENT MICE; ENRICHED DIET; ANTIOXIDANT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ANTHOCYANINS; EXPRESSION AB Blueberries (BB) have recently been shown to have cardioprotective effects and to prevent atherosclerosis in rodent models. However, the bioactive compounds in BB responsible for these effects have not yet been characterized. Seven phenolic acids (7PA) were identified as metabolites in the serum of rats fed diets supplemented with 10% freeze-dried BB. In this study, 7PA were evaluated for their potential atheroprotective effects in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. 7PA were found to inhibit LPS-induced mRNA expression and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and IL-6 by reducing MAPK JNK, p38, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. After treatment with 7PA for 2 weeks, mRNA expression and protein levels of scavenger receptor CD36 were decreased (P < 0.05), whereas type A scavenger receptor (SR-A) remained unchanged. Moreover, foam cell formation induced by oxLDL and oxLDL binding to macrophages was also inhibited by 7PA In addition, 7PA increased (P < 0.05) expression and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter Al (ABCA1), which facilitates cholesterol efflux and reduces cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. In summary, the present study demonstrates that certain phenolic acids are potential in vivo atheroprotective compounds following BB consumption in the rodent model. Because BB contain many phytochemicals, other as yet unidentified bioactive compounds may also be important in preventing atherosclerosis in this model and, possibly, in humans. C1 [Xie, Chenghui; Kang, Jie; Chen, Jin-Ran; Nagarajan, Shanmugam; Badger, Thomas M.; Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Xie, Chenghui; Kang, Jie; Badger, Thomas M.; Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Chen, Jin-Ran; Badger, Thomas M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Nagarajan, Shanmugam] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Wu, XL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, USDA Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM wuxianli@uams.edu FU USDA [6251-51000-005-02S] FX This study was supported by the USDA (6251-51000-005-02S). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 18 BP 10381 EP 10387 DI 10.1021/jf2025264 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 822OX UT WOS:000295059100083 PM 21866950 ER PT J AU Zhu, JWJ Li, AY Pritchard, S Tangtrakulwanich, K Baxendale, FP Brewer, G AF Zhu, Junwei J. Li, Andrew Y. Pritchard, Sara Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn Baxendale, Frederick P. Brewer, Gary TI Contact and Fumigant Toxicity of a Botanical-Based Feeding Deterrent of the Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biting fly; Nepeta cataria; essential oil; toxicity; fumigant; topical treatment; blood feeding ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; DERMANYSSUS-GALLINAE ACARI; FLIES DIPTERA; COMPARATIVE REPELLENCY; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; NEPETA-CATARIA; CATNIP; EFFICACY; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE AB The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been considered one of the most serious biting flies of confined and pastured livestock. The economic losses caused by the stable fly to the cattle industry in the United States exceed $2 billion annually. Current practices for managing stable flies using insecticides provide only marginal control. Insecticide resistance has also been : recently reported in stable flies. The present study reports the use of plant based insecticides, for example, essential oils, as alternatives for managing this fly pest The toxicity of several plant essential oils and selected ingredient compounds was evaluated by contact and fumigant toxicity bioassays. Catnip oil (20 mg dosage) showed the highest toxicity against stable flies, the shortest knock down time (similar to 7 min), and the quickest lethal time (similar to 19 min). Toxicity levels similar catnip, oil were found among three insect repellent compounds (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxamide, (1S,2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide). No differences in knock down and lethal times were found among the catnip oil and its two active ingredient compounds. Similar stable fly mortality was observed using a 20 mg dose of catnip oil in a modified K&D system and a fumigant jar. When catnip oil was topically applied to stable flies, the least lethal dose was 12.5 mu g/fly, and a 50 mu g/fly dose resulted in 100% mortality. The blood feeding behavior of stable flies was also negatively affected by the topical application of catnip oil, and the effect was dose dependent This study demonstrated that catnip oil has both contact and fumigant toxicity against the stable fly and thus has the potential as an alternative for stable fly control. C1 [Zhu, Junwei J.] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Li, Andrew Y.] ARS, Knipling Busland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Pritchard, Sara; Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn; Baxendale, Frederick P.; Brewer, Gary] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zhu, JWJ (reprint author), ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Jerry.Zhu@ars.usda.gov OI Zhu, Junwei/0000-0001-9846-9656 FU USDA [1030] FX This work was done in cooperation with the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and supported partly by USDA Regional Project 1030. This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 18 BP 10394 EP 10400 DI 10.1021/jf2016122 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 822OX UT WOS:000295059100085 PM 21848320 ER PT J AU Koesukwiwat, U Lehotay, SJ Leepipatpiboon, N AF Koesukwiwat, Urairat Lehotay, Steven J. Leepipatpiboon, Natchanun TI Fast, low-pressure gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of 150 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE QuEChERS; Sample throughput; Pesticide analysis; Vacuum-outlet gas chromatography; Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; RAPID ANALYSIS; ESSENTIAL OIL; HIGH-SPEED; TIME; QUECHERS; EXTRACTION; INJECTION AB We developed and evaluated a new method of low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC/MS-MS) using a triple quadrupole instrument for fast analysis of 150 relevant pesticides in four representative fruits and vegetables. This LP-GC (vacuum outlet) approach entails coupling a 10 m, 0.53 mm id., 1 mu m film analytical column between the MS transfer line and a 3m, 0.15 mm id. capillary at the inlet. The MS creates a vacuum in the 10 m analytical column, which reduces the viscosity of the He carrier gas and thereby shifts the optimal flow rate to greater velocity. By taking advantage of the H-2-like properties of He under vacuum, the short analytical column, a rapid oven temperature ramp rate, and the high selectivity and sensitivity of MS/MS, 150 pesticides were separated in <6.5 min. The 2.5 ms dwell time and 1 ms interscan delay of the MS/MS instrument were critical for achieving >8 data points across the 2-3 s wide peaks. To keep dwell and cycle times constant across all peaks, each segment consisted of 30 analytes (60 transitions). For assessment, we injected extracts of spiked broccoli, cantaloupe, lemon, and sweet potato from the updated QuEChERS sample preparation method. Average recoveries (n = 72) were 70-120% for 144 of the pesticides, and reproducibilities were <20% RSD for all but 4 analytes. Also, detection limits were <5 ng/g for all but a few pesticides, depending on the matrix. In addition to high quality performance, the method gave excellent reliability and high sample throughput, including easy peak integration to obtain rapid results. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Koesukwiwat, Urairat; Lehotay, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Koesukwiwat, Urairat; Leepipatpiboon, Natchanun] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Chromatog & Separat Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [US-4273-09]; Thailand Research Fund (TRF); Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program [PHD0036/2550]; Chulalongkorn University FX The authors thank Philip Wylie and Tom Barrett of Agilent Technologies for helpful discussions about the instrument and software. The authors thank Lucia Geis-Asteggiante for helping in sample preparations and checking details in the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund grant US-4273-09. This research was also partially supported by Thailand Research Fund (TRF), The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (PHD0036/2550), Chulalongkorn University Graduate Scholarship to Commemorate the 72nd Anniversary of his Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, and Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand; Office of the Higher Education Commission (FW648I). NR 55 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 1218 IS 39 BP 7039 EP 7050 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.094 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 824ZU UT WOS:000295241500023 PM 21871625 ER PT J AU LaFrentz, BR Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF LaFrentz, Benjamin R. Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Immunoproteomic analysis of the antibody response obtained in Nile tilapia following vaccination with a Streptococcus iniae vaccine SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus iniae; Immunoproteomic; Vaccine; Nile tilapia ID OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS L.; WALL-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; CONFERS PROTECTION; SURFACE-PROTEINS; SUIS SEROTYPE-2; OLIVE FLOUNDER; RAINBOW-TROUT; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION; EFFICACY AB Streptococcus iniae is one of the most economically important Gram-positive pathogens in cultured fish species worldwide. The USDA-ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit developed a modified (contains concentrated culture supernatant) S. iniae bacterin that has been demonstrated to be efficacious, and protection is mediated by specific anti-S. iniae antibodies. Although effective, the specific vaccine components important for efficacy are not known. In the present study, an immunoproteomic approach was utilized to identify whole-cell lysate proteins of S. iniae that stimulated specific antibody production in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following vaccination. Groups of tilapia were vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection with the modified S. iniae bacterin or were mock-vaccinated, and at 30 d post-vaccination sera samples were obtained from individual fish. Vaccination of tilapia with the S. iniae vaccine stimulated significantly elevated specific antibody responses against proteins of the bacterium and passive immunization of tilapia with this serum demonstrated the antibodies were highly protective. Whole-cell lysate proteins of S. iniae were separated by 2D-PAGE and were probed with a pooled serum sample from vaccinated tilapia. A total of eleven unique immunogenic proteins were positively identified by mass spectrometry. Based on research conducted on homologous proteins in other Streptococcus spp., antibodies specific for three of the identified proteins, enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, are likely involved in protection from streptococcosis caused by S. iniae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [LaFrentz, Benjamin R.; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP LaFrentz, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM benjamin.lafrentz@ars.usda.gov RI Wang, Kai/F-8424-2011 FU USDA-ARS [6420-32000-024-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Landon Wilson at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory for assistance with mass spectrometry analysis and protein identification. The authors also thank Paige Mumma and Dave Carpenter of USDA-ARS for their technical assistance and Curtis Day and Jeff McVicker of USDA-ARS for assistance with animal care. This research was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 6420-32000-024-00D (Integrated Aquatic Animal Health Strategies). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 152 IS 3-4 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.04.033 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820WT UT WOS:000294937500016 PM 21601381 ER PT J AU Wang, DP Calla, B Vimolmangkang, S Wu, X Korban, SS Huber, SC Clough, SJ Zhao, YF AF Wang, Dongping Calla, Bernarda Vimolmangkang, Sornkanok Wu, Xia Korban, Schuyler S. Huber, Steven C. Clough, Steven J. Zhao, Youfu TI The Orphan Gene ybjN Conveys Pleiotropic Effects on Multicellular Behavior and Survival of Escherichia coli SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ACID RESISTANCE; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; RCS PHOSPHORELAY; PERSISTER CELLS; ANTIGEN-43-MEDIATED AUTOAGGREGATION; BIOFILM FORMATION; K-12; EXPRESSION; GENOMES; TOLERANCE AB YbjN, encoding an enterobacteria-specific protein, is a multicopy suppressor of temperature sensitivity in the ts9 mutant strain of Escherichia coli. In this study, we further explored the role(s) of ybjN. First, we demonstrated that the ybjN transcript was about 10-fold lower in the ts9 strain compared to that of E. coli strain BW25113 (BW). Introduction of multiple copies of ybjN in the ts9 strain resulted in over-expression of ybjN by about 10-fold as compared to that of BW. These results suggested that temperature sensitivity of the ts9 mutant of E. coli may be related to expression levels of ybjN. Characterization of E. coli ybjN mutant revealed that ybjN mutation resulted in pleiotropic phenotypes, including increased motility, fimbriation (auto-aggregation), exopolysaccharide production, and biofilm formation. In contrast, over-expression of ybjN (in terms of multiple copies) resulted in reduced motility, fimbriation, exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation and acid resistance. In addition, our results indicate that a ybjN-homolog gene from Erwinia amylovora, a plant enterobacterial pathogen, is functionally conserved with that of E. coli, suggesting similar evolution of the YbjN family proteins in enterobacteria. A microarray study revealed that the expression level of ybjN was inversely correlated with the expression of flagellar, fimbrial and acid resistance genes. Over-expression of ybjN significantly down-regulated genes involved in citric acid cycle, glycolysis, the glyoxylate shunt, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, over-expression of ybjN up-regulated toxin-antitoxin modules, the SOS response pathway, cold shock and starvation induced transporter genes. Collectively, these results suggest that YbjN may play important roles in regulating bacterial multicellular behavior, metabolism, and survival under stress conditions in E. coli. These results also suggest that ybjN over-expression-related temperature rescue of the ts9 mutant may be due to down-regulation of metabolic activity and activation of stress response genes in the ts9 mutant. C1 [Wang, Dongping; Calla, Bernarda; Clough, Steven J.; Zhao, Youfu] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vimolmangkang, Sornkanok; Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wu, Xia; Huber, Steven C.; Zhao, Youfu] Univ Illinois, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Huber, Steven C.; Clough, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. RP Wang, DP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zhao888@illinois.edu RI Wang, Dongping /L-2124-2013; Wu, Xia/J-8690-2014 OI Wu, Xia/0000-0002-0024-4481 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65110-20497] FX This project was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant no. 2010-65110-20497 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Dr. Zhao). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 27 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e25293 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025293 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834BW UT WOS:000295933700025 PM 21980417 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Jang, SI Lee, KW Bravo, D Lillehoj, EP AF Lee, Sung Hyen Lillehoj, Hyun S. Jang, Seung I. Lee, Kyung Woo Bravo, David Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Effects of dietary supplementation with phytonutrients on vaccine-stimulated immunity against infection with Eimeria tenella SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Food supplements; Chicken; Coccidiosis; Cell-mediated immunity; Antibody; Cytokine ID DELTA-T-CELLS; INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; ACERVULINA CHALLENGE INFECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; IN-VITRO; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTICOCCIDIAL VACCINES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AB Two phytonutrient mixtures, VAC (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and Capsicum oleoresin), and MC (Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin), were evaluated for their effects on chicken immune responses following immunization with an Eimeria profilin protein. Chickens were fed with a non-supplemented diet, or with VAC- or MC-supplemented diets, immunized with profilin, and orally challenged with virulent oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Immunity against infection was evaluated by body weight, fecal oocyst shedding, profilin antibody levels, lymphocyte recall responses, cytokine expression, and lymphocyte subpopulations. Following immunization and infection, chickens fed the VAC- or MC-supplemented diets showed increased body weights, greater profilin antibody levels, and/or greater lymphocyte proliferation compared with non-supplemented controls. Prior to Eimeria infection, immunized chickens on the MC-supplemented diet showed reduced IFN-gamma and IL-6 levels, but increased expression of TNFSF15, compared with non-supplemented controls. Post-infection levels of IFN-gamma and IL-6 were increased, while IL-17F transcripts were decreased, with MC-supplementation. For VAC-supplemented diets, decreased IL-17F and TNFSF15 levels were observed only in infected chickens. Finally, immunized chickens fed the MC-supplemented diet exhibited increased MHC class II(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), TCR1(+), or TCR2(+). T cells compared with nonsupplemented controls. Animals on the VAC-containing diet only displayed an increase in K1(+) macrophages. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with VAC or MC alters immune parameters following recombinant protein vaccination against avian coccidiosis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Sung Hyen; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Jang, Seung I.; Lee, Kyung Woo] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bravo, David] Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU ARS-USDA; Pancosma S.A FX This project was partially supported by a formal Trust agreement established between ARS-USDA and Pancosma S.A. The authors thank Myeong Seon Park, Margie Nichols, Stacy Torreyson and Jieun Chun for their significant contributions to this research. NR 68 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 27 PY 2011 VL 181 IS 2-4 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.003 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 829BQ UT WOS:000295550600004 PM 21676547 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Whitley, NC Pollard, DA Miller, JE Terrill, TH Moulton, KE Mosjidis, JA AF Burke, J. M. Whitley, N. C. Pollard, D. A. Miller, J. E. Terrill, T. H. Moulton, K. E. Mosjidis, J. A. TI Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Condensed tannins; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Goats; Lambs; Sericea lespedeza ID CONDENSED TANNINS; PARASITE INTERACTION; NATURAL DEWORMER; GOATS; HAY; NUTRITION; EFFICACY; FORAGE; SHEEP AB The objective of three experiments was to determine the impact of supplementing sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata; SL) in three concentrations in a loose or pelleted diet on gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants. Experiments on lambs were conducted at the USDA, Agricultural Research Service in Booneville, AR (Exp. 1) and at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA (Exp. 2); an experiment on goat kids occurred at University of Maryland-Eastern Shore (Exp. 3). Exp. 1 used crossbred hair sheep lambs naturally infected with GIN that were randomly allocated to diets containing 0, 25, 50, and 75% SL diets (n = 11 or 12/diet). Exp. 2 consisted of Haemonchus contortus-inoculated crossbred wool breed lambs that were blocked by gender and FEC and randomly assigned to 0, 25, 50, or 75% SL diet (n = 8/diet). Fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were not influenced by SL supplementation in Exp. 1 and 2. Exp. 3 consisted of naturally GIN infected Boer crossbred goat kids in individual pens. Kids were blocked by FEC and randomly allotted to treatments of 0, 20, 40, or 60% SL with 9-13 goats/diet. The more SL fed, the greater the reduction in FEC (P < 0.001). There was an increase in PCV in SL fed goats (P < 0.001). Larval speciation at the end of the experiment indicated that feces from control animals produced 43% H. contortus larva while 20, 40 and 60% SL resulted in 39%, 35% and 31% H. contortus larvae, respectively. Feeding dried SL may be less effective in lambs than kids, though concurrent studies must be conducted to confirm this. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Whitley, N. C.; Moulton, K. E.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27420 USA. [Pollard, D. A.; Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Terrill, T. H.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Mosjidis, J. A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [LS05-177] FX This research was supported in part by USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program (Project No. LS05-177). Authors are grateful for the assistance of J. Cherry, G. Robson, D. Disney, and R. Stengel (Booneville, AR), as well as L Davis and G.L. Summers (NC A&T SU) and staff at LSU. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 27 PY 2011 VL 181 IS 2-4 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.005 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 829BQ UT WOS:000295550600037 PM 21621921 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Jenkins, MC Rajendran, C Miska, K Ferreira, LR Martins, J Kwok, OCH Choudhary, S AF Dubey, J. P. Jenkins, M. C. Rajendran, C. Miska, K. Ferreira, L. R. Martins, J. Kwok, O. C. H. Choudhary, S. TI Gray wolf (Canis lupus) is a natural definitive host for Neospora caninum SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora canninum; Gray wolf; Canis lupus; Oocysts; Feces; Bioassay; PCR ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; OOCYSTS; DIAGNOSIS; WILD; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; FECES; PCR; SEROPREVALENCE; HYBRIDIZATION AB The gray wolf (Canis lupus) was found to be a new natural definitive host for Neospora caninum. Neospora-like oocysts were found microscopically in the feces of three of 73 wolves from Minnesota examined at necropsy. N. caninum-specific DNA was amplified from the oocysts of all three wolves. Oocysts from one wolf were infective for the gamma interferon gene knock out (KO) mice. Viable N. caninum (designated NcWolfUS1) was isolated in cell cultures seeded with tissue homogenate from the infected mouse. Typical thick walled tissue cysts were found in outbred mice inoculated with the parasite from the KO mouse. Tissue stages in mice stained positively with N. caninum-specific polyclonal antibodies. Our observation suggests that wolves may be an important link in the sylvatic cycle of N. caninum. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Jenkins, M. C.; Rajendran, C.; Miska, K.; Ferreira, L. R.; Martins, J.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Choudhary, S.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 27 PY 2011 VL 181 IS 2-4 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.018 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 829BQ UT WOS:000295550600045 PM 21640485 ER PT J AU Arthura, FH Fontenot, EA Campbell, JF AF Arthura, Frank H. Fontenot, Emily A. Campbell, James F. TI Evaluation of catmint oil and hydrogenated catmint oil as repellents for the flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insecticides; treated surfaces; behavior ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; ESTERS; ACID AB Catmint oil and hydrogenated catmint oil were evaluated as repellents for adult Tribolium casteneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the red flour beetle, and T. confusum (DuVal), the confused flour beetle, using both a traditional method of visual assessment of distribution and a video recording method to determine movement patterns of individual insects. Visual assessments of distribution using groups of adults showed that the hydrogenated catmint oil was more effective than the pure catmint oil, but there was no significant difference between species. However, when repellency was measured using single insects and the visual recording system, both oils were significantly more repellent to T. castaneum than T. confusum at the concentrations evaluated in the study. Avoidance movement and change in direction when T. castaneum encountered the repellent were observed. Results indicate that repellents may be more accurately assessed using single insects rather than groups of individuals, and simple visual observations of distribution may be less sensitive in measuring repellent efficacy. Procedures for utilizing a video system are described as models for future evaluations of repellents for stored-product beetles. C1 [Arthura, Frank H.; Fontenot, Emily A.; Campbell, James F.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Arthura, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov; emily.fontenot@ars.usda.gov; james.campbell@ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington DE FX We thank E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington DE, for providing partial support of the research and for providing the repellents that were evaluated in the study. This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 27 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 128 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 825MO UT WOS:000295281600001 PM 22235903 ER PT J AU Murphy, RL Klein, RR Morishige, DT Brady, JA Rooney, WL Miller, FR Dugas, DV Klein, PE Mullet, JE AF Murphy, Rebecca L. Klein, Robert R. Morishige, Daryl T. Brady, Jeff A. Rooney, William L. Miller, Frederick R. Dugas, Diana V. Klein, Patricia E. Mullet, John E. TI Coincident light and clock regulation of pseudoresponse regulator protein 37 (PRR37) controls photoperiodic flowering in sorghum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythm; pseudo-response regulator ID PSEUDO-RESPONSE-REGULATOR; PHYTOCHROME-B; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; GENE; RICE; ARABIDOPSIS; ADAPTATION; SENSITIVITY; DIVERSITY; CONSTANS AB Optimal flowering time is critical to the success of modern agriculture. Sorghum is a short-day tropical species that exhibits substantial photoperiod sensitivity and delayed flowering in long days. Genotypes with reduced photoperiod sensitivity enabled sorghum's utilization as a grain crop in temperate zones worldwide. In the present study, Ma(1), the major repressor of sorghum flowering in long days, was identified as the pseudoresponse regulator protein 37 (PRR37) through positional cloning and analysis of SbPRR37 alleles that modulate flowering time in grain and energy sorghum. Several allelic variants of SbPRR37 were identified in early flowering grain sorghum germplasm that contain unique loss-of-function mutations. We show that in long days SbPRR37 activates expression of the floral inhibitor CONSTANS and represses expression of the floral activators Early Heading Date 1, FLOWERING LOCUS T, Zea mays CENTRORADIALIS 8, and floral induction. Expression of SbPRR37 is light dependent and regulated by the circadian clock, with peaks of RNA abundance in the morning and evening in long days. In short days, the evening-phase expression of SbPRR37 does not occur due to darkness, allowing sorghum to flower in this photoperiod. This study provides insight into an external coincidence mechanism of photoperiodic regulation of flowering time mediated by PRR37 in the short-day grass sorghum and identifies important alleles of SbPRR37 that are critical for the utilization of this tropical grass in temperate zone grain and bioenergy production. C1 [Murphy, Rebecca L.; Morishige, Daryl T.; Mullet, John E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, Robert R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Brady, Jeff A.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. [Rooney, William L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Miller, Frederick R.] MMR Genet, Vega, TX 79092 USA. [Dugas, Diana V.; Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Dugas, Diana V.; Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mullet, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jmullet@tamu.edu OI Murphy, Rebecca /0000-0002-1156-4560 FU Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64306]; Perry Adkisson Chair; US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-06ER64306, the Perry Adkisson Chair (J.E.M.), and US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (R.R.K.). NR 37 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 27 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 39 BP 16469 EP 16474 DI 10.1073/pnas.1106212108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 825FB UT WOS:000295255300067 PM 21930910 ER PT J AU Duan, JJ Taylor, PB Fuester, RW AF Duan, Jian J. Taylor, Philip B. Fuester, Roger W. TI Biology and life history of Balcha indica, an ectoparasitoid attacking the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in North America SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE larval parasitoid; life history; wood boring beetles; Buprestidae; Eupelmidae ID COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; HYMENOPTERA-BRACONIDAE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; NATURAL ENEMIES; CHINA; EULOPHIDAE; DORYCTINAE AB Balcha indica Mani and Kaul (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is a solitary ectoparasitoid attacking larvae, prepupae, and pupae of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). Its fecundity, oviposition rate, longevity, and development time were determined in the laboratory under standard rearing conditions (25 +/- 2 degrees C, 65 +/- 10% relative humidity, and 14:10 L:D). Adults lived a mean of 59 days with a maximum of 117 days. Lifetime adult fecundity averaged 36 eggs with a maximum 94 eggs per female. The egg stage lasted for a maximum of four days with similar to 50% eggs hatched within two days. The development time of the first instars lasted for a maximum of nine days; 50% of the first instars completed their development (i.e., molted to the next instar) within five days. Instars of the intermediate and final stage larvae (after molting of the first instars occurred) could not be distinguished until they reached the pupal stage, and 50% of those larvae pupated similar to 62 days after adult oviposition. Under the standard rearing conditions, 50% of B. indica took similar to 83 days to complete the life cycle (from egg to adult emergence) ranging from 47 to 129 days. These results suggest that B. indica may not have more than two generations in the mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions of United States, where normal growing seasons-with average temperature above 25 degrees C-are normally less than six months (May-October). Because of the long life span and oviposition period of adults, however, B. indica is likely to have overlapping generations. C1 [Duan, Jian J.; Taylor, Philip B.; Fuester, Roger W.] USDA, Agr Res Stn, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Duan, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Stn, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM jian.duan@ars.usda.gov; Philip.taylor@ars.usda.gov; Roger.Fuester@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 26 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 127 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 824RT UT WOS:000295220500001 PM 22233385 ER PT J AU Adler, PB Seabloom, EW Borer, ET Hillebrand, H Hautier, Y Hector, A Harpole, WS O'Halloran, LR Grace, JB Anderson, TM Bakker, JD Biederman, LA Brown, CS Buckley, YM Calabrese, LB Chu, CJ Cleland, EE Collins, SL Cottingham, KL Crawley, MJ Damschen, EI Davies, KF DeCrappeo, NM Fay, PA Firn, J Frater, P Gasarch, EI Gruner, DS Hagenah, N Lambers, JHR Humphries, H Jin, VL Kay, AD Kirkman, KP Klein, JA Knops, JMH La Pierre, KJ Lambrinos, JG Li, W MacDougall, AS McCulley, RL Melbourne, BA Mitchell, CE Moore, JL Morgan, JW Mortensen, B Orrock, JL Prober, SM Pyke, DA Risch, AC Schuetz, M Smith, MD Stevens, CJ Sullivan, LL Wang, G Wragg, PD Wright, JP Yang, LH AF Adler, Peter B. Seabloom, Eric W. Borer, Elizabeth T. Hillebrand, Helmut Hautier, Yann Hector, Andy Harpole, W. Stanley O'Halloran, Lydia R. Grace, James B. Anderson, T. Michael Bakker, Jonathan D. Biederman, Lori A. Brown, Cynthia S. Buckley, Yvonne M. Calabrese, Laura B. Chu, Cheng-Jin Cleland, Elsa E. Collins, Scott L. Cottingham, Kathryn L. Crawley, Michael J. Damschen, Ellen I. Davies, Kendi F. DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Fay, Philip A. Firn, Jennifer Frater, Paul Gasarch, Eve I. Gruner, Daniel S. Hagenah, Nicole Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris Humphries, Hope Jin, Virginia L. Kay, Adam D. Kirkman, Kevin P. Klein, Julia A. Knops, Johannes M. H. La Pierre, Kimberly J. Lambrinos, John G. Li, Wei MacDougall, Andrew S. McCulley, Rebecca L. Melbourne, Brett A. Mitchell, Charles E. Moore, Joslin L. Morgan, John W. Mortensen, Brent Orrock, John L. Prober, Suzanne M. Pyke, David A. Risch, Anita C. Schuetz, Martin Smith, Melinda D. Stevens, Carly J. Sullivan, Lauren L. Wang, Gang Wragg, Peter D. Wright, Justin P. Yang, Louie H. TI Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; HYPOTHESIS AB For more than 30 years, the relationship between net primary productivity and species richness has generated intense debate in ecology about the processes regulating local diversity. The original view, which is still widely accepted, holds that the relationship is hump-shaped, with richness first rising and then declining with increasing productivity. Although recent meta-analyses questioned the generality of hump-shaped patterns, these syntheses have been criticized for failing to account for methodological differences among studies. We addressed such concerns by conducting standardized sampling in 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities on five continents. We found no clear relationship between productivity and fine-scale (meters(-2)) richness within sites, within regions, or across the globe. Ecologists should focus on fresh, mechanistic approaches to understanding the multivariate links between productivity and richness. C1 [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Seabloom, Eric W.; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Wragg, Peter D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hillebrand, Helmut] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26381 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Hautier, Yann; Hector, Andy] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Harpole, W. Stanley; Biederman, Lori A.; Frater, Paul; Li, Wei; Mortensen, Brent; Sullivan, Lauren L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [O'Halloran, Lydia R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Anderson, T. Michael] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Reynolda Stn 7325, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Buckley, Yvonne M.; Collins, Scott L.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Calabrese, Laura B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Chu, Cheng-Jin; Wang, Gang] Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Arid & Grassland Ecol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cottingham, Kathryn L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Gilman Lab 6044, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Crawley, Michael J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Damschen, Ellen I.; Orrock, John L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53704 USA. [Davies, Kendi F.; Gasarch, Eve I.; Humphries, Hope; Melbourne, Brett A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.; Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Biogeosci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Gruner, Daniel S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hagenah, Nicole; Kirkman, Kevin P.; La Pierre, Kimberly J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-3209 Kwa Zulu, South Africa. [Hagenah, Nicole; Smith, Melinda D.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kay, Adam D.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Klein, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Lambrinos, John G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [MacDougall, Andrew S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McCulley, Rebecca L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore, Joslin L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Morgan, John W.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Bot, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Prober, Suzanne M.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Ecosyst Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. [Risch, Anita C.; Schuetz, Martin] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf ZH, Switzerland. [Stevens, Carly J.] Open Univ, Dept Life Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Stevens, Carly J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Wright, Justin P.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Yang, Louie H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adler, PB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM peter.adler@usu.edu RI Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; Hillebrand, Helmut/I-1717-2014; Hautier, Yann/D-5426-2015; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Cottingham, Kathryn/H-1593-2012; Brown, Cynthia/K-5814-2012; Bremner, James/B-1632-2013; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; Moore, Joslin/C-5270-2009; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Wragg, Peter/C-8385-2009; Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012; MacDougall, Andrew/F-2037-2011; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009; Bakker, Jonathan/I-6960-2013; Damschen, Ellen/E-4919-2011; OI Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993; Hillebrand, Helmut/0000-0001-7449-1613; Hautier, Yann/0000-0003-4347-7741; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Firn, Jennifer/0000-0001-6026-8912; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Moore, Joslin/0000-0001-9809-5092; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Wragg, Peter/0000-0003-2361-4286; Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853; La Pierre, Kimberly/0000-0001-7056-4547; Biederman, Lori/0000-0003-2171-7898 FU NSF [DEB-0741952] FX This work was generated using data from the Nutrient Network collaborative experiment, funded at the site-scale by individual researchers and coordinated through Research Coordination Network funding from NSF to E. Borer and E. Seabloom (grant DEB-0741952). The authors declare no competing interests. The data used in the primary analyses are available in the Supporting Online Material. We thank B. Enquist, A. Leakey, and three anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 30 TC 199 Z9 210 U1 23 U2 458 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 23 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6050 BP 1750 EP 1753 DI 10.1126/science.1204498 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 823KQ UT WOS:000295121500043 PM 21940895 ER PT J AU Jiang, HJ Yang, HC Kapczynski, DR AF Jiang, Haijun Yang, Hanchun Kapczynski, Darrell R. TI Chicken interferon alpha pretreatment reduces virus replication of pandemic H1N1 and H5N9 avian influenza viruses in lung cell cultures from different avian species SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; interferon; chicken; duck; turkey ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MX-PROTEIN; A VIRUSES; INFECTION; TURKEYS; SWINE; TRANSMISSION; RESPONSES AB Background: Type I interferons, including interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), represent one of the first lines of innate immune defense against influenza virus infection. Following natural infection of chickens with avian influenza virus (AIV), transcription of IFN-alpha is quickly up regulated along with multiple other immune-related genes. Chicken IFN-alpha up regulates a number of important anti-viral response genes and has been demonstrated to be an important cytokine to establish anti-viral immunity. However, the mechanisms by which interferon inhibit virus replication in avian species remains unknown as does the biological activity of chicken interferon in other avian species. Methods: In these studies, we assessed the protective potential of exogenous chicken IFN-alpha applied to chicken, duck, and turkey primary lung cell cultures prior to infection with the pandemic H1N1 virus (A/turkey/Virginia/SEP4/2009) and an established avian H5N9 virus (A/turkey/Wisconsin/1968). Growth kinetics and induction of select immune response genes, including IFN-alpha and myxovirus-resistance gene I (Mx), as well as proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta and IL-6), were measured in response to chicken IFN-alpha and viral infection over time. Results: Results demonstrate that pretreatment with chicken IFN-alpha before AIV infection significantly reduced virus replication in both chicken-and turkey-origin lung cells and to a lesser degree the duck-origin cells. Virus growth was reduced by approximately 200-fold in chicken and turkey cells and 30-fold in duck cells after 48 hours of incubation. Interferon treatment also significantly decreased the interferon and proinflammatory response during viral infection. In general, infection with the H1N1 virus resulted in an attenuated interferon and proinflammatory response in these cell lines, compared to the H5N9 virus. Conclusions: Taken together, these studies show that chicken IFN-alpha reduces virus replication, lower host innate immune response following infection, and is biologically active in other avian species. C1 [Jiang, Haijun; Kapczynski, Darrell R.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jiang, Haijun; Yang, Hanchun] China Agr Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Zoonosis, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Haijun; Yang, Hanchun] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Dis Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM darrell.kapczynski@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS, CRIS [6612-32000-053] FX The authors wish to thank Cam Greene and Aniko Zsak for expert technical help. This research was supported by USDA, ARS, CRIS project 6612-32000-053. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD SEP 22 PY 2011 VL 8 AR 447 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-8-447 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 844IL UT WOS:000296740800001 PM 21939525 ER PT J AU Rogers, BM Neilson, RP Drapek, R Lenihan, JM Wells, JR Bachelet, D Law, BE AF Rogers, Brendan M. Neilson, Ronald P. Drapek, Ray Lenihan, James M. Wells, John R. Bachelet, Dominique Law, Beverly E. TI Impacts of climate change on fire regimes and carbon stocks of the U.S. Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DOWNSCALING METHODS; WILDLAND FIRE; FOREST-FIRE; MODEL; VEGETATION; US; PATTERNS; STORAGE; WILDFIRE AB The diverse vegetation types and carbon pools of the U. S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) are tightly coupled to fire regimes that depend on climate and fire suppression. To realistically assess the effects of twenty-first-century climate change on PNW fire and carbon dynamics, we developed a new fire suppression rule for the MC1 dynamic general vegetation model that we ran under three climate change scenarios. Climate projections from the CSIRO Mk3, MIROC 3.2 medres, and Hadley CM3 general circulation models, forced by the A2 CO(2) emissions scenario, were downscaled to a 30 arc-second (similar to 0.6 km(2)) grid. Future climates amplify the already strong seasonality of temperature and precipitation across the domain. Simulations displayed large increases in area burned (76%-310%) and burn severities (29%-41%) by the end of the twenty-first century. The relatively dry ecosystems east of the Cascades gain carbon in the future despite projections of more intense wildfires, while the mesic maritime forests lose up to 1.2 Pg C from increased burning. Simulated fire suppression causes overall carbon gains yet leaves ecosystems vulnerable to large future fires. Overall, our simulations suggest the Pacific Northwest has the potential to sequester similar to 1 Pg C over the next century unless summer droughts severely intensify fire regimes. C1 [Rogers, Brendan M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Rogers, Brendan M.; Neilson, Ronald P.; Wells, John R.; Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Drapek, Ray; Lenihan, James M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique] Conservat Biol Inst, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Rogers, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, 3302 Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM bmrogers@uci.edu RI Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010 OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 FU Oregon State University by the USDA Forest Service [07-JV-11261957-476_INV-DA5100]; Nature Conservancy [CSG_GCCI_020306, CSG_GCCI_113006] FX This work was funded through Oregon State University by the USDA Forest Service (07-JV-11261957-476_INV-DA5100) and The Nature Conservancy (CSG_GCCI_020306, CSG_GCCI_113006). We thank David Conklin for code fixes, Lauren Hahl and Maureen McGlinchy for downscaling assistance, Chris Daly and the PRISM group for providing climate data, Tara Hudiburg for assistance with calibration data, and James Randerson for editorial comments. NR 72 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G03037 DI 10.1029/2011JG001695 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 825IU UT WOS:000295266300001 ER PT J AU Guo, SG Liu, JA Zheng, Y Huang, MY Zhang, HY Gong, GY He, HJ Ren, Y Zhong, SL Fei, ZJ Xu, Y AF Guo, Shaogui Liu, Jingan Zheng, Yi Huang, Mingyun Zhang, Haiying Gong, Guoyi He, Hongju Ren, Yi Zhong, Silin Fei, Zhangjun Xu, Yong TI Characterization of transcriptome dynamics during watermelon fruit development: sequencing, assembly, annotation and gene expression profiles SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS; CDNA LIBRARIES; CELL EXPANSION; EARLY NODULIN; COTTON FIBER; TOMATO; ARABIDOPSIS; XYLOGLUCAN; CUCUMBER; GENOME AB Background: Cultivated watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus] is an important agriculture crop world-wide. The fruit of watermelon undergoes distinct stages of development with dramatic changes in its size, color, sweetness, texture and aroma. In order to better understand the genetic and molecular basis of these changes and significantly expand the watermelon transcript catalog, we have selected four critical stages of watermelon fruit development and used Roche/454 next-generation sequencing technology to generate a large expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset and a comprehensive transcriptome profile for watermelon fruit flesh tissues. Results: We performed half Roche/454 GS-FLX run for each of the four watermelon fruit developmental stages (immature white, white-pink flesh, red flesh and over-ripe) and obtained 577,023 high quality ESTs with an average length of 302.8 bp. De novo assembly of these ESTs together with 11,786 watermelon ESTs collected from GenBank produced 75,068 unigenes with a total length of approximately 31.8 Mb. Overall 54.9% of the unigenes showed significant similarities to known sequences in GenBank non-redundant (nr) protein database and around two-thirds of them matched proteins of cucumber, the most closely-related species with a sequenced genome. The unigenes were further assigned with gene ontology (GO) terms and mapped to biochemical pathways. More than 5,000 SSRs were identified from the EST collection. Furthermore we carried out digital gene expression analysis of these ESTs and identified 3,023 genes that were differentially expressed during watermelon fruit development and ripening, which provided novel insights into watermelon fruit biology and a comprehensive resource of candidate genes for future functional analysis. We then generated profiles of several interesting metabolites that are important to fruit quality including pigmentation and sweetness. Integrative analysis of metabolite and digital gene expression profiles helped elucidating molecular mechanisms governing these important quality-related traits during watermelon fruit development. Conclusion: We have generated a large collection of watermelon ESTs, which represents a significant expansion of the current transcript catalog of watermelon and a valuable resource for future studies on the genomics of watermelon and other closely-related species. Digital expression analysis of this EST collection allowed us to identify a large set of genes that were differentially expressed during watermelon fruit development and ripening, which provide a rich source of candidates for future functional analysis and represent a valuable increase in our knowledge base of watermelon fruit biology. C1 [Guo, Shaogui; Zheng, Yi; Huang, Mingyun; Zhong, Silin; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Guo, Shaogui; Liu, Jingan; Zhang, Haiying; Gong, Guoyi; He, Hongju; Ren, Yi; Xu, Yong] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fei, ZJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zf25@cornell.edu; xuyong@nercv.org RI zhong, silin/O-7029-2015; Zheng, Yi/F-6150-2016 OI zhong, silin/0000-0002-0198-7383; Zheng, Yi/0000-0002-8042-7770 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2009BADB8B02, 2010DFB33740, 2010AA10A107, 30972015, 31171980]; Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China [CARS-26, 2008-Z42[3]]; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China [D08070500690803, D111100001311002, KJCX201101010, Z09090501040902, 5100001]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-4223-09C] FX This research was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2009BADB8B02, 2010DFB33740, 2010AA10A107, 30972015 and 31171980), Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (CARS-26, 2008-Z42[3]) and Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China (D08070500690803, D111100001311002, KJCX201101010, Z09090501040902 and 5100001) to Y.X. and H.Z., United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (IS-4223-09C) to Z.F. NR 68 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 66 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 21 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 454 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-454 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 838NG UT WOS:000296298600001 PM 21936920 ER PT J AU Gilbert, LB Chae, L Kasuga, T Taylor, JW AF Gilbert, Luz B. Chae, Lee Kasuga, Takao Taylor, John W. TI Array Comparative Genomic Hybridizations: Assessing the ability to recapture evolutionary relationships using an in silico approach SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES RECOGNITION; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS; DNA MICROARRAY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WIDE ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE; SALMONELLA AB Background: Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) with DNA microarrays has many biological applications including surveys of copy number changes in tumorogenesis, species detection and identification, and functional genomics studies among related organisms. Array CGH has also been used to infer phylogenetic relatedness among species or strains. Although the use of the entire genome can be seen as a considerable advantage for use in phylogenetic analysis, few such studies have questioned the reliability of array CGH to correctly determine evolutionary relationships. A potential flaw in this application lies in the fact that all comparisons are made to a single reference species. This situation differs from traditional DNA sequence, distance-based phylogenetic analyses where all possible pairwise comparisons are made for the isolates in question. By simulating array data based on the Neurospora crassa genome, we address this potential flaw and other questions regarding array CGH phylogeny. Results: Our simulation data indicates that having a single reference can, in some cases, be a serious limitation when using this technique. Additionally, the tree building process with a single reference is sensitive to many factors including tree topology, choice of tree reconstruction method, and the distance metric used. Conclusions: Without prior knowledge of the topology and placement of the reference taxon in the topology, the outcome is likely to be wrong and the error undetected. Given these limitations, using CGH to reveal phylogeny based on sequence divergence does not offer a robust alternative to traditional phylogenetic analysis. C1 [Gilbert, Luz B.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Rech Sci Vegetales, CNRS, UMR 5546, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Chae, Lee] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kasuga, Takao] UC Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Taylor, John W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gilbert, LB (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Rech Sci Vegetales, CNRS, UMR 5546, Chemin Borde Rouge Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. EM gilbert@lrsv.ups-tlse.fr FU Ford Pre Doctoral and Dissertation Year Fellowships; NIH [GM068087] FX Special thanks to Michael B. Eisen for conceiving the study. Thanks to Charles Yong for his work scripting essential parts of the simulation pipeline. Thanks to Sandrine Dudoit and Jeffrey P. Townsend for statistical advice. Thanks to Tom Sharpton and Jason Staich for scripting advice. Special thanks to Elizabeth Turner and Tracy K. Powell for editorial assistance. Funding for LBG provided by the Ford Pre Doctoral and Dissertation Year Fellowships. Funding for TK was provided by NIH Program Project Grant GM068087 to N. Louise Glass, PMB, UC Berkeley. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 21 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 456 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-456 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 834SR UT WOS:000295984900001 PM 21936922 ER PT J AU Prandovszky, E Gaskell, E Martin, H Dubey, JP Webster, JP McConkey, GA AF Prandovszky, Emese Gaskell, Elizabeth Martin, Heather Dubey, J. P. Webster, Joanne P. McConkey, Glenn A. TI The Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma Gondii Increases Dopamine Metabolism SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; INFECTION; CELLS; RATS; MICE; BEHAVIOR; NEURONS; STORAGE; IMPACT; RISK AB The highly prevalent parasite Toxoplasma gondii manipulates its host's behavior. In infected rodents, the behavioral changes increase the likelihood that the parasite will be transmitted back to its definitive cat host, an essential step in completion of the parasite's life cycle. The mechanism(s) responsible for behavioral changes in the host is unknown but two lines of published evidence suggest that the parasite alters neurotransmitter signal transduction: the disruption of the parasite-induced behavioral changes with medications used to treat psychiatric disease (specifically dopamine antagonists) and identification of a tyrosine hydroxylase encoded in the parasite genome. In this study, infection of mammalian dopaminergic cells with T. gondii enhanced the levels of K+-induced release of dopamine several-fold, with a direct correlation between the number of infected cells and the quantity of dopamine released. Immunostaining brain sections of infected mice with dopamine antibody showed intense staining of encysted parasites. Based on these analyses, T. gondii orchestrates a significant increase in dopamine metabolism in neural cells. Tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, was also found in intracellular tissue cysts in brain tissue with antibodies specific for the parasite-encoded tyrosine hydroxylase. These observations provide a mechanism for parasite-induced behavioral changes. The observed effects on dopamine metabolism could also be relevant in interpreting reports of psychobehavioral changes in toxoplasmosis-infected humans. C1 [Prandovszky, Emese; Gaskell, Elizabeth; Martin, Heather; McConkey, Glenn A.] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, ANRI,BARC E, Beltsville, MD USA. [Webster, Joanne P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Fac Med, London, England. RP Prandovszky, E (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM G.A.McConkey@Leeds.ac.uk FU Stanley Medical Research Institute; USDA [CRIS 1265-32000-076] FX This project was funded by the Stanley Medical Research Institute (to JPW, GAM) and the USDA CRIS 1265-32000-076 (to JPD). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 19 U2 110 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 21 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e23866 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0023866 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 825HM UT WOS:000295262100003 PM 21957440 ER PT J AU Froerer, KM Peck, SL McQuate, GT AF Froerer, Karen M. Peck, Steven L. McQuate, Grant T. TI Evaluation of readmission ink as a marker for dispersal studies with the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insect movement studies; invasive species; longevity; marking; mark-release-recapture ID OIL-SOLUBLE DYES; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; HAWAII; LEPIDOPTERA; MOVEMENT AB In this text we present a new marking dye, readmission ink, Blak-Ray, for the purpose of insect movement studies. The dye was tested in a controlled experiment with Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in anticipation of a long distance movement study planned for the following year with the same species. 700 individuals of both sexes were marked with the dye and placed in holding containers. Both the percentage of mortality and the ease of dye detection were monitored throughout a five-week period. Results showed minimal fly mortality and exceptional ease of dye detection. C1 [Froerer, Karen M.; Peck, Steven L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [McQuate, Grant T.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Peck, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM kgdirt@aol.com; steven_peck@byu.edu; Grant.McQuate@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 21 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 125 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 823MU UT WOS:000295127200001 PM 22233346 ER PT J AU Dang, XR Lai, CT Hollinger, DY Schauer, AJ Xiao, JF Munger, JW Owensby, C Ehleringer, JR AF Dang, Xuerui Lai, Chun-Ta Hollinger, David Y. Schauer, Andrew J. Xiao, Jingfeng Munger, J. William Owensby, Clenton Ehleringer, James R. TI Combining tower mixing ratio and community model data to estimate regional-scale net ecosystem carbon exchange by boundary layer inversion over four flux towers in the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE CO2 EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; VERTICAL PROFILES; WATER-VAPOR; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WISCONSIN FOREST; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; IDEALIZED MODEL; STABLE-ISOTOPE; TALL TOWER AB We evaluated an idealized boundary layer (BL) model with simple parameterizations using vertical transport information from community model outputs (NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis and ECMWF Interim Analysis) to estimate regional-scale net CO2 fluxes from 2002 to 2007 at three forest and one grassland flux sites in the United States. The BL modeling approach builds on a mixed-layer model to infer monthly average net CO2 fluxes using high-precision mixing ratio measurements taken on flux towers. We compared BL model net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with estimates from two independent approaches. First, we compared modeled NEE with tower eddy covariance measurements. The second approach (EC-MOD) was a data-driven method that upscaled EC fluxes from towers to regions using MODIS data streams. Comparisons between modeled CO2 and tower NEE fluxes showed that modeled regional CO2 fluxes displayed interannual and intra-annual variations similar to the tower NEE fluxes at the Rannells Prairie and Wind River Forest sites, but model predictions were frequently different from NEE observations at the Harvard Forest and Howland Forest sites. At the Howland Forest site, modeled CO2 fluxes showed a lag in the onset of growing season uptake by 2 months behind that of tower measurements. At the Harvard Forest site, modeled CO2 fluxes agreed with the timing of growing season uptake but underestimated the magnitude of observed NEE seasonal fluctuation. This modeling inconsistency among sites can be partially attributed to the likely misrepresentation of atmospheric transport and/or CO2 gradients between ABL and the free troposphere in the idealized BL model. EC-MOD fluxes showed that spatial heterogeneity in land use and cover very likely explained the majority of the data-model inconsistency. We show a site-dependent atmospheric rectifier effect that appears to have had the largest impact on ABL CO2 inversion in the North American Great Plains. We conclude that a systematic BL modeling approach provided new insights when employed in multiyear, cross-site synthesis studies. These results can be used to develop diagnostic upscaling tools, improving our understanding of the seasonal and interannual variability of surface CO2 fluxes. C1 [Dang, Xuerui; Lai, Chun-Ta] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schauer, Andrew J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Xiao, Jingfeng] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03861 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Owensby, Clenton] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ehleringer, James R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lai@sciences.sdsu.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 FU office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64309]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64156] FX We thank David Fitzjarrald and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This study was supported by the Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program by the office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-06ER64309. C.-T. Lai was also supported by the National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) program, U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FC02-06ER64156. The authors thank Sonia Wharton for analyzing the eddy covariance data at the Wind River site and Steven Wofsy and Kyaw Tha Paw U for providing logistic support during the preparation of this work. The authors also thank the AmeriFlux network for distributing the meteorological and NEE flux data. Specific contribution from authors: project planning (C.-T. Lai, A. J. Schauer, and J. R. Ehleringer), data collection (C.-T. Lai, D. Y. Hollinger, A. J. Schauer, J. W. Munger, C. Owensby, and J. R. Ehleringer), data analysis (X. Dang, C.-T. Lai, D. Y. Hollinger, A. J. Schauer, J. W. Munger, C. Owensby, and J. R. Ehleringer), modeling (X. Dang, C.-T. Lai, and J. Xiao), interpretation (X. Dang, C.-T. Lai, D. Hollinger, J. Xiao, J. W. Munger, and J. R. Ehleringer), and writing (X. Dang and C.-T. Lai). ECMWF ERA-40 data used in this study/project have been provided by the ECMWF data server. NR 95 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G03036 DI 10.1029/2010JG001554 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 825IS UT WOS:000295266100001 ER PT J AU Hunt, BG Ometto, L Wurm, Y Shoemaker, D Yi, SV Keller, L Goodisman, MAD AF Hunt, Brendan G. Ometto, Lino Wurm, Yannick Shoemaker, DeWayne Yi, Soojin V. Keller, Laurent Goodisman, Michael A. D. TI Relaxed selection is a precursor to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE eusociality; protein evolution; social insect; sexual dimorphism; sex-biased gene expression ID PROTEIN-SEQUENCE ALIGNMENTS; ANT SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; BIASED GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA METHYLATION; APIS-MELLIFERA; ALTERNATIVE PHENOTYPES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; POSITIVE SELECTION; SOCIAL INSECTS; DRAFT GENOME AB Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to produce alternative phenotypes under different conditions and represents one of the most important ways by which organisms adaptively respond to the environment. However, the relationship between phenotypic plasticity and molecular evolution remains poorly understood. We addressed this issue by investigating the evolution of genes associated with phenotypically plastic castes, sexes, and developmental stages of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. We first determined if genes associated with phenotypic plasticity in S. invicta evolved at a rapid rate, as predicted under theoretical models. We found that genes differentially expressed between S. invicta castes, sexes, and developmental stages all exhibited elevated rates of evolution compared with ubiquitously expressed genes. We next investigated the evolutionary history of genes associated with the production of castes. Surprisingly, we found that orthologs of caste-biased genes in S. invicta and the social bee Apis mellifera evolved rapidly in lineages without castes. Thus, in contrast to some theoretical predictions, our results suggest that rapid rates of molecular evolution may not arise primarily as a consequence of phenotypic plasticity. Instead, genes evolving under relaxed purifying selection may more readily adopt new forms of biased expression during the evolution of alternate phenotypes. These results suggest that relaxed selective constraint on protein-coding genes is an important and underappreciated element in the evolutionary origin of phenotypic plasticity. C1 [Hunt, Brendan G.; Yi, Soojin V.; Goodisman, Michael A. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ometto, Lino; Wurm, Yannick; Keller, Laurent] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Wurm, Yannick] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Vital IT Grp, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Shoemaker, DeWayne] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Goodisman, MAD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM michael.goodisman@biology.gatech.edu RI Hunt, Brendan/B-9816-2009; Ometto, Lino/C-3609-2008; Wurm, Yannick/A-9525-2009; OI Hunt, Brendan/0000-0002-0030-9302; Ometto, Lino/0000-0002-2679-625X; Wurm, Yannick/0000-0002-3140-2809; keller, laurent/0000-0002-5046-9953 FU US National Science Foundation [DEB 0640690]; Swiss National Science Foundation, a European Research Council Advanced; Rectorate of the University of Lausanne; Roche Research Foundation; US Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2009-35302-05301] FX We thank K. Glastad and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant DEB 0640690 to M.A.D.G. and S.V.Y.), the Swiss National Science Foundation, a European Research Council Advanced Grant and the Rectorate of the University of Lausanne (to L.K.), the Roche Research Foundation (to L.O.), and the US Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (Award 2009-35302-05301 to D.S.). NR 70 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 62 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 20 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 38 BP 15936 EP 15941 DI 10.1073/pnas.1104825108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 822FS UT WOS:000295030000056 PM 21911372 ER PT J AU Chan, QWT Cornman, RS Birol, I Liao, NY Chan, SK Docking, TR Jackman, SD Taylor, GA Jones, SJM de Graaf, DC Evans, JD Foster, LJ AF Chan, Queenie W. T. Cornman, R. Scott Birol, Inanc Liao, Nancy Y. Chan, Simon K. Docking, T. Roderick Jackman, Shaun D. Taylor, Greg A. Jones, Steven J. M. de Graaf, Dirk C. Evans, Jay D. Foster, Leonard J. TI Updated genome assembly and annotation of Paenibacillus larvae, the agent of American foulbrood disease of honey bees SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; APIS-MELLIFERA; BACTERIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; SURFACTIN; PROTEASES; PATHWAYS; PATHOGEN AB Background: As scientists continue to pursue various 'omics-based research, there is a need for high quality data for the most fundamental 'omics of all: genomics. The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of the honey bee disease American foulbrood. If untreated, it can lead to the demise of an entire hive; the highly social nature of bees also leads to easy disease spread, between both individuals and colonies. Biologists have studied this organism since the early 1900s, and a century later, the molecular mechanism of infection remains elusive. Transcriptomics and proteomics, because of their ability to analyze multiple genes and proteins in a high-throughput manner, may be very helpful to its study. However, the power of these methodologies is severely limited without a complete genome; we undertake to address that deficiency here. Results: We used the Illumina GAIIx platform and conventional Sanger sequencing to generate a 182-fold sequence coverage of the P. larvae genome, and assembled the data using ABySS into a total of 388 contigs spanning 4.5 Mbp. Comparative genomics analysis against fully-sequenced soil bacteria P. JDR2 and P. vortex showed that regions of poor conservation may contain putative virulence factors. We used GLIMMER to predict 3568 gene models, and named them based on homology revealed by BLAST searches; proteases, hemolytic factors, toxins, and antibiotic resistance enzymes were identified in this way. Finally, mass spectrometry was used to provide experimental evidence that at least 35% of the genes are expressed at the protein level. Conclusions: This update on the genome of P. larvae and annotation represents an immense advancement from what we had previously known about this species. We provide here a reliable resource that can be used to elucidate the mechanism of infection, and by extension, more effective methods to control and cure this widespread honey bee disease. C1 [Chan, Queenie W. T.; Foster, Leonard J.] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Highthroughput Biol, Dept Biochem Z Mol Biol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Cornman, R. Scott; Evans, Jay D.] ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Birol, Inanc; Liao, Nancy Y.; Chan, Simon K.; Docking, T. Roderick; Jackman, Shaun D.; Taylor, Greg A.; Jones, Steven J. M.] British Columbia Canc Agcy, Michael Smith Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada. [de Graaf, Dirk C.] Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [de Graaf, Dirk C.] Inst Marine Sci Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Foster, LJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Highthroughput Biol, Dept Biochem Z Mol Biol, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM foster@chibi.ubc.ca RI Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Jones, Steven/C-3621-2009; Birol, Inanc/G-5440-2011; OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Birol, Inanc/0000-0003-0950-7839; Docking, Rod/0000-0003-3248-4081; Jackman, Shaun/0000-0002-9275-5966 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; BC Knowledge Development Fund; BC Proteomics Network FX The authors wish to thank the members of their respective groups for helpful guidance and discussions; in particular, Nikolay Stoynov for technical assistance with mass spectrometry. This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to LJF. LJF is the Canada Research Chair in Quantitative Proteomics. The infrastructure used in this work was supported, in part, by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the BC Knowledge Development Fund and the BC Proteomics Network. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 16 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 450 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-450 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 831OK UT WOS:000295740800001 PM 21923906 ER PT J AU Goss, EM Cardenas, ME Myers, K Forbes, GA Fry, WE Restrepo, S Grunwald, NJ AF Goss, Erica M. Cardenas, Martha E. Myers, Kevin Forbes, Gregory A. Fry, William E. Restrepo, Silvia Gruenwald, Niklaus J. TI The Plant Pathogen Phytophthora andina Emerged via Hybridization of an Unknown Phytophthora Species and the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen, P. infestans SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; POPULATION GENETIC-ANALYSIS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; CENTRAL MEXICO; TOLUCA VALLEY; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENOME SEQUENCES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NATURAL HYBRID AB Emerging plant pathogens have largely been a consequence of the movement of pathogens to new geographic regions. Another documented mechanism for the emergence of plant pathogens is hybridization between individuals of different species or subspecies, which may allow rapid evolution and adaptation to new hosts or environments. Hybrid plant pathogens have traditionally been difficult to detect or confirm, but the increasing ease of cloning and sequencing PCR products now makes the identification of species that consistently have genes or alleles with phylogenetically divergent origins relatively straightforward. We investigated the genetic origin of Phytophthora andina, an increasingly common pathogen of Andean crops Solanum betaceum, S. muricatum, S. quitoense, and several wild Solanum spp. It has been hypothesized that P. andina is a hybrid between the potato late blight pathogen P. infestans and another Phytophthora species. We tested this hypothesis by cloning four nuclear loci to obtain haplotypes and using these loci to infer the phylogenetic relationships of P. andina to P. infestans and other related species. Sequencing of cloned PCR products in every case revealed two distinct haplotypes for each locus in P. andina, such that each isolate had one allele derived from a P. infestans parent and a second divergent allele derived from an unknown species that is closely related but distinct from P. infestans, P. mirabilis, and P. ipomoeae. To the best of our knowledge, the unknown parent has not yet been collected. We also observed sequence polymorphism among P. andina isolates at three of the four loci, many of which segregate between previously described P. andina clonal lineages. These results provide strong support that P. andina emerged via hybridization between P. infestans and another unknown Phytophthora species also belonging to Phytophthora clade 1c. C1 [Goss, Erica M.; Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Cardenas, Martha E.; Restrepo, Silvia] Univ Los Andes, Lab Micol & Fitopatol, Bogota, Colombia. [Myers, Kevin; Fry, William E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Forbes, Gregory A.] Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. RP Goss, EM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM emgoss@ufl.edu; grunwaln@science.oregonstate.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Restrepo, Silvia/0000-0001-9016-1040 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [CRIS 5358-22000-034-00] FX Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) CRIS 5358-22000-034-00. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 16 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24543 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024543 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 824BI UT WOS:000295173800026 PM 21949727 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Alkan, Z AF Hawkes, Wayne Chris Alkan, Zeynep TI Delayed cell cycle progression from SEPW1 depletion is p53- and p21-dependent in MCF-7 breast cancer cells SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Selenium; p53 Tumor suppressor protein; p21 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; Cell cycle ID SELENOPROTEIN-W; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; REDOX-TRANSDUCER; THIOL PEROXIDASE; UV-RADIATION; DNA-BINDING; SELENIUM; ACTIVATION; STABILITY; STRESS AB Selenium (Se) is an essential redox-active trace element with close connections to cancer. Most of Se's biological functions have been attributed to the antioxidant properties of Se-containing proteins. However, the relative contribution of selenoproteins and small Se compounds in cancer protection is still a matter of debate. The tumor suppressor p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer and is often referred to as the "guardian of the genome". In response to genomic stresses, p53 causes cell cycle arrest to allow time for genomic damage to be repaired before cell division or induces apoptosis to eliminate irreparably damaged cells. Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) is a highly conserved small thioredoxin-like protein required for cell cycle progression. The present work shows that SEPW1 facilitates the G1 to S-phase transition by down-regulating expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. SEPW1 controls p21 by modulating levels of the p53 transcription factor, and this is associated with changes in phosphorylation of Ser-33 in p53. More work is needed to identify the mechanism by which SEPW1 regulates phosphorylation of Ser-33 and the kinase or phosphatase enzymes involved. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hawkes, Wayne Chris; Alkan, Zeynep] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS [5306-51530-018-00D] FX U.S. Department of Agriculture CRIS Project No. 5306-51530-018-00D supported this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The opinions expressed herein represent those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD SEP 16 PY 2011 VL 413 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.032 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 826ZV UT WOS:000295395000007 PM 21875573 ER PT J AU Poorani, J Vandenberg, NJ Booth, RG AF Poorani, J. Vandenberg, Natalia J. Booth, R. G. TI A revision of the genus Stictobura Crotch and description of a new species of Sticholotis Crotch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Stictobura; Sticholotis; Coccinellidae; Sticholotidinae; revision; new synonym; new combination; new species AB The species of Stictobura Crotch (1874) (Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae) are revised. Stictobura gibbula (Weise, 1908) indeed belongs to Sticholotis Crotch (1874) under which it was originally described (stat. rev.) and is removed from Stictobura. Stictobura buruensis Korschefsky (1944) is transferred to Sticholotis (new combination). Lectotypes are designated for Sticholotis (Apterolotis) andrewesi Weise (1908), Sticholotis (Apterolotis) gibbula Weise (1908), Stictobura semipolita Sicard (1911), and Stictobura rubroguttata Sicard (1925). The species of Stictobura are keyed and notes on biology are provided wherever available. Sticholotis magnostriata sp. n., which is externally similar to the species of Stictobura, is described from India (Assam). C1 [Poorani, J.] Natl Bur Agr Important Insects, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] ARS, SEL, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Booth, R. G.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Poorani, J (reprint author), Natl Bur Agr Important Insects, PB 2491,HA Farm Post,Bellary Rd, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. EM pooranij@gmail.com; Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov; r.booth@nhm.ac.uk NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 16 PY 2011 IS 3031 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 820EZ UT WOS:000294889700001 ER PT J AU Allen, PM Harmel, RD Dunbar, JA Arnold, JG AF Allen, P. M. Harmel, R. D. Dunbar, J. A. Arnold, J. G. TI Upland contribution of sediment and runoff during extreme drought: A study of the 1947-1956 drought in the Blackland Prairie, Texas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Sediment yield; Runoff; Midcontinent USA ID SOIL-EROSION RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM RESPONSE; OVERLAND-FLOW; LAND-USE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT; TRANSPORT AB The 1950s drought severely impacted a 1.1 million km(2) area in the central US. This drought, along with the famous 1930s drought, was among the most severe of the 20th century for large areas and is the drought of record for water supply planning in Texas. At the USDA-ARS Riesel Watersheds during the drought, average annual rainfall was reduced 27%, which produced 75% less runoff and 35% less sediment yield. Rainfall intensity during the drought was, however, typically greater than for the non-drought period. Based on long-term data from the Riesel Watersheds, the mean, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentile values of sediment yields on days with measureable soil loss were larger for the drought than non-drought periods. These results reflect the increase in rainfall intensity during the drought but more importantly the increased efficiency of drought rainfall to dislodge and transport sediment, which is attributed to the combined effects of reduced vegetative cover and increased soil erodibility. The potential for high sediment yields during drought periods illustrates the need to consider this landscape vulnerability in long-term planning and assessment and the importance of long-term monitoring to predict water supply impacts. This is especially evident in Texas, which is expected to experience a dramatic increase in population and water demand this century, with a corresponding decrease in reservoir storage capacity due to sedimentation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, P. M.; Dunbar, J. A.] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Harmel, R. D.; Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Allen, PM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Peter_Allen@baylor.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 71 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 407 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.039 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 822RO UT WOS:000295067500001 ER PT J AU Elks, CM Reed, SD Mariappan, N Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Ingram, DK Francis, J AF Elks, Carrie M. Reed, Scott D. Mariappan, Nithya Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. Ingram, Donald K. Francis, Joseph TI A Blueberry-Enriched Diet Attenuates Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Hypertension via Reduction in Oxidative Stress SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; SALT-SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION; DISMUTASE MIMETIC TEMPOL; NITRIC-OXIDE; POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS; CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION; ARTERIAL-PRESSURE; MITOCHONDRIAL; DAMAGE; XENOHORMESIS AB Objective and Background: To assess renoprotective effects of a blueberry-enriched diet in a rat model of hypertension. Oxidative stress (OS) appears to be involved in the development of hypertension and related renal injury. Pharmacological antioxidants can attenuate hypertension and hypertension-induced renal injury; however, attention has shifted recently to the therapeutic potential of natural products as antioxidants. Blueberries (BB) have among the highest antioxidant capacities of fruits and vegetables. Methods and Results: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats received a BB-enriched diet (2% w/w) or an isocaloric control diet for 6 or 12 weeks or 2 days. Compared to controls, rats fed BB-enriched diet for 6 or 12 weeks exhibited lower blood pressure, improved glomerular filtration rate, and decreased renovascular resistance. As measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, significant decreases in total reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite, and superoxide production rates were observed in kidney tissues in rats on long-term dietary treatment, consistent with reduced pathology and improved function. Additionally, measures of antioxidant status improved; specifically, renal glutathione and catalase activities increased markedly. Contrasted to these observations indicating reduced OS in the BB group after long-term feeding, similar measurements made in rats fed the same diet for only 2 days yielded evidence of increased OS; specifically, significant increases in total ROS, peroxynitrite, and superoxide production rates in all tissues (kidney, brain, and liver) assayed in BB-fed rats. These results were evidence of "hormesis'' during brief exposure, which dissipated with time as indicated by enhanced levels of catalase in heart and liver of BB group. Conclusion: Long-term feeding of BB-enriched diet lowered blood pressure, preserved renal hemodynamics, and improved redox status in kidneys of hypertensive rats and concomitantly demonstrated the potential to delay or attenuate development of hypertension-induced renal injury, and these effects appear to be mediated by a short-term hormetic response. C1 [Elks, Carrie M.; Mariappan, Nithya; Francis, Joseph] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Reed, Scott D.] Louisiana State Univ Syst, Neurosignaling Lab, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Agr Res Serv, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Elks, Carrie M.; Ingram, Donald K.] Louisiana State Univ Syst, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Nutr Neurosci & Aging Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Elks, CM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM donald.ingram@pbrc.edu; jfrancis@lsu.edu FU National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) [2 P50AT002776]; Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-80544-05] FX This work is funded by the National Institutes of Health Grant 2 P50AT002776 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) pilot grant and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL-80544-05 to Dr. Joseph Francis. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24028 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024028 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 822JR UT WOS:000295041700007 PM 21949690 ER PT J AU Whitehill, JGA Popova-Butler, A Green-Church, KB Koch, JL Herms, DA Bonello, P AF Whitehill, Justin G. A. Popova-Butler, Alexandra Green-Church, Kari B. Koch, Jennifer L. Herms, Daniel A. Bonello, Pierluigi TI Interspecific Proteomic Comparisons Reveal Ash Phloem Genes Potentially Involved in Constitutive Resistance to the Emerald Ash Borer SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; PLANT ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; FRAXINUS-MANDSHURICA; PERITROPHIC MATRIX; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NORTH-AMERICAN; BIRCH PR-10C AB The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has killed millions of ash trees since its accidental introduction to North America. All North American ash species (Fraxinus spp.) that emerald ash borer has encountered so far are susceptible, while an Asian species, Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica), which shares an evolutionary history with emerald ash borer, is resistant. Phylogenetic evidence places North American black ash (F. nigra) and Manchurian ash in the same clade and section, yet black ash is highly susceptible to the emerald ash borer. This contrast provides an opportunity to compare the genetic traits of the two species and identify those with a potential role in defense/resistance. We used Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) to compare the phloem proteomes of resistant Manchurian to susceptible black, green, and white ash. Differentially expressed proteins associated with the resistant Manchurian ash when compared to the susceptible ash species were identified using nano-LC-MS/MS and putative identities assigned. Proteomic differences were strongly associated with the phylogenetic relationships among the four species. Proteins identified in Manchurian ash potentially associated with its resistance to emerald ash borer include a PR-10 protein, an aspartic protease, a phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER), and a thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase. Discovery of resistance-related proteins in Asian species will inform approaches in which resistance genes can be introgressed into North American ash species. The generation of resistant North American ash genotypes can be used in forest ecosystem restoration and urban plantings following the wake of the emerald ash borer invasion. C1 [Whitehill, Justin G. A.; Bonello, Pierluigi] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Popova-Butler, Alexandra; Green-Church, Kari B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Koch, Jennifer L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH USA. [Herms, Daniel A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Whitehill, JGA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM whitehill.5@osu.edu RI Green, Kari/H-3541-2011; Bonello, Pierluigi/E-2776-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service; USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [08-8100-1288-CA]; State and Federal funds FX Funding for this study was provided jointly by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service and the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (08-8100-1288-CA) and by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24863 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024863 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 822JR UT WOS:000295041700069 PM 21949771 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, Y Quiniou, S Booth, NJ Peterson, BC AF Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Quiniou, Sylvie Booth, Natha J. Peterson, Brian C. TI Expression of leptin-like peptide (LLP) mRNA in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is induced by exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri but is independent of energy status SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptin-like peptide; Channel catfish; Food intake; Immunity ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; FOOD-INTAKE; TAKIFUGU-RUBRIPES; PLASMA LEPTIN; GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION; ENDOCRINE RESPONSES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Leptin is a key pleiotropic cytokine involved in regulation of energy homeostasis and immunity in mammals. In channel catfish, the presence of a partial messenger RNA sequence that encodes a leptin-like peptide (LLP) has been identified and investigated. The objectives of the present studies were to clone and characterize full-length catfish LLP gene, examine tissue expression of LLP mRNA, and determine effects of prolonged fasting and exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri (E. ictaluri), the bacteria that causes enteric septicemia in catfish, on LLP mRNA expression. Full-length catfish LLP gene was sequenced by genome walking and by 5'- and 3'-RACE. Catfish LLP gene contained three exons with the coding region located in exons 2 and 3. The amino acid sequence of the channel catfish LLP shared very low sequence similarities with leptin of other fish species or the mammalian leptin (24-49%). Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, LLP mRNA expression was detected in various tissues including brain, stomach, spleen, heart, liver, and trunk kidney and was especially high in the liver and trunk kidney. Expression of LLP mRNA in liver and brain was similar between fish that were fasted for 30 days and those that received feed daily for 30 days (P>0.10). Expression of LLP mRNA was increased in liver, spleen, and trunk kidney within 48 h post-exposure to E. ictaluri compared to unexposed fish (P<0.05). Based on the results of the current studies, amino acid sequence of catfish LLP is highly dissimilar to mammalian and fish leptin. Unlike in most mammals, catfish LLP expression is independent of energy status. However, the expression of catfish LLP is increased after exposure to pathogenic bacteria, which is similar to mammals. Further investigations are required to clearly define the biological function and regulation of catfish LLP. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kobayashi, Yasuhiro] Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Quiniou, Sylvie; Booth, Natha J.; Peterson, Brian C.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kobayashi, Y (reprint author), Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Pk St, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM y_kobayashi@fhsu.edu NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 173 IS 3 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.06.011 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 821ME UT WOS:000294978300006 PM 21741381 ER PT J AU Offeman, RD Ludvik, CN AF Offeman, Richard D. Ludvik, Charles N. TI A novel method to fabricate high permeance, high selectivity thin-film composite membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Thin film composite membrane; Support resistance; Mixed matrix membrane; Ethanol; Pervaporation ID PERVAPORATION AB We report a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane fabrication method based on transfer of a pre-formed, cured active layer onto a microporous support. The active layer is cast on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) water-soluble film and cured, then the active side of the bilayer is placed against the skin side of the microporous support and the water soluble layer is dissolved. This method can be used with supports of relatively high pore size and porosity, thus reducing mass transfer resistance from the support. Ethanol-selective pervaporation from aqueous solution was chosen for the evaluation of the TFC membranes. In comparing results with a 10 mu m polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) active layer on two supports, a TFC made with a high porosity support showed 47% higher total permeance than that of a TFC made with a low porosity support. While the TFC with the low porosity support showed a selectivity (ratio of ethanol permeance to water permeance, mole basis) of 0.66, the selectivity of the TFC with the high porosity support was 0.76, approaching the selectivity of a thick, unsupported PDMS membrane. ZSM-5/PDMS mixed matrix active layer TFCs were also prepared, and showed significantly enhanced performance compared to unfilled PDMS TFCs. A method for commercial fabrication is proposed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Offeman, Richard D.; Ludvik, Charles N.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Offeman, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Richard.Offeman@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 380 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.07.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 818FV UT WOS:000294737900020 ER PT J AU Hulbert, LE Carroll, JA Burdick, NC Randel, RD Brown, MS Ballou, MA AF Hulbert, Lindsey E. Carroll, Jeff A. Burdick, Nicole C. Randel, Ronald D. Brown, Mike S. Ballou, Michael A. TI Innate immune responses of temperamental and calm cattle after transportation SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Immune response; Stress; Temperament; Transportation ID RECEIVED FEEDLOT CATTLE; ROAD TRANSPORTATION; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; DAIRY-COWS; CALVES; EXPRESSION; STRESS; BULLS; NEUTROPHILS; CORTISOL AB The objective was to investigate measures of cellular innate immune responses among calm and temperamental Brahman bulls in response to handling and transportation. Sixteen Brahman bulls (344 +/- 37 d of age; 271.6 +/- 45.5 kg BW) classified as either calm (n = 8) or temperamental (n = 8) were loaded onto a trailer, transported for 4 h to a novel facility, rested 16 h overnight, and then were returned to their original facility after a 4 h transport. Blood samples were collected immediately prior to (time 0) and at 24, 48, and 96 h after initial loading for analyses of innate immune and blood parameters. Leukocyte counts did not differ (P > 0.05) due to temperament before or after transportation, but neutrophil:mononuclear cell ratios were greater in temperamental bulls compared to calm bulls at 24 h. At 24 h, expression of peripheral neutrophil beta(2)-integrin decreased among all bulls compared with Oh (P < 0.01). Temperamental bulls had greater glucose and cortisol than calm bulls (P < 0.01) at 48 h; whereas calm bulls had elevated neutrophil L-selectin expression, and phagocytic and oxidative burst activity compared with temperamental bulls (P < 0.10) at 48 h. The supernatant collected from endotoxin-stimulated whole blood cultures had greater TNF-alpha concentrations at 48 h than at the other time points (P < 0.05), but no temperament effect was observed (P > 0.05). In contrast, 96 h after initial loading the supernatant TNF-alpha concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) among all cattle. Lastly, transportation increased neutrophil phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and cell adhesion molecule expression 96 h post-transportation and the effect was more pronounced among calm bulls. These data suggest that neutrophils from calm bulls are more likely to resist microbial invasion at 96 h after transportation than neutrophils from temperamental bulls. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hulbert, Lindsey E.; Ballou, Michael A.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hulbert, Lindsey E.; Carroll, Jeff A.; Burdick, Nicole C.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Randel, Ronald D.] Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Overton, TX 75684 USA. [Brown, Mike S.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Ballou, MA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michael.ballou@ttu.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.025 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 816BR UT WOS:000294574200008 PM 21726904 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Dail, DB Hollinger, DY AF Richardson, Andrew D. Dail, D. Bryan Hollinger, D. Y. TI Leaf area index uncertainty estimates for model-data fusion applications SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon cycle; Data assimilation; Error analysis; Data-model fusion; Leaf area index; Uncertainty ID BOREAL FORESTS; CARBON; ERROR; INSTRUMENTS; FLUXES AB Estimates of data uncertainties are required to integrate different observational data streams as model constraints using model-data fusion. We describe an approach with which random and systematic uncertainties in optical measurements of leaf area index [LAI] can be quantified. We use data from a measurement campaign at the spruce-dominated Howland Forest AmeriFlux site for illustrative purposes. We made measurements along two transects (one in a mature stand, one in a recently harvested shelterwood) before sunset on successive days using both the Li-Cor LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer and digital hemispherical photography (DHP). The random measurement uncertainty (1 sigma) at a given point for a single measurement is about 5% for LAI-2000 and 10% for DHP. These uncertainties are small compared to potential systematic biases due to instrument calibration errors and data processing decisions, which are estimated to be 10-20% for each instrument. Sampling uncertainty (due to the spatial variability along each transect where we conducted our measurements) is an additional, but again relatively small. uncertainty. Assumptions about clumping parameters, for which standard literature values are typically used, remain large sources of uncertainty. This analysis can also be used to develop strategies to reduce measurement uncertainties. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, HUH, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dail, D. Bryan] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hollinger, D. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, HUH, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM arichardson@oeb.harvard.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI020-7ER64355, DE-FG02-00ER63002] FX We thank the John Lee, site manager, Holly Hughes, Charles Rodrigues, and Michelle Day for assistance with the field measurements. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement no. DE-AI020-7ER64355, and by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) grant no. DE-FG02-00ER63002. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 9 BP 1287 EP 1292 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.05.009 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 809DM UT WOS:000294032000013 ER PT J AU Heckman, K Rasmussen, C AF Heckman, Katherine Rasmussen, Craig TI Lithologic controls on regolith weathering and mass flux in forested ecosystems of the southwestern USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Lithosequence; Pedogenesis; Inorganic C cycling; Soil mineralogy; Mass balance ID PARENT MATERIAL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NEW-MEXICO; SOILS; SEDIMENTS; COLORADO; ROCKS; DUST; DISSOLUTION; POROSITY AB Parent material has a profound impact on chemical weathering, mineral transformation and chemical denudation. However, there remains a relative paucity of lithosequence studies that directly examine parent material control on pedogenic processes. We sampled a lithosequence of four parent materials (rhyolite, granite, basalt, dolostone/volcanic cinders) under Pinus ponderosa in mesic and ustic soil moisture and temperature regimes of central and southern Arizona, USA to quantify the contribution of parent material to chemical weathering and elemental mass flux. We quantified chemical weathering and mass flux using a combination of quantitative X-ray diffraction and elemental mass balance. Mass flux calculations were confounded by the addition of volcanic cinders in the dolostone soils and addition of eolian materials in both the basalt and dolostone soils. These variations in parent material were accounted for using a combination of refractory element indices and X-ray diffraction. Results indicated significant differences in profile characteristics and chemical weathering among parent materials. Chemical mass loss from the basalt and dolostone soils were balanced or exceeded by addition of eolian materials, leading to positive and highly variable mass fluxes of 14 +/- 48 kg m(-2) and 10 +/- 22 kg m(-2), respectively. Rhyolite and granite soils exhibited large differences in chemical mass flux despite nearly identical elemental and mineralogical compositions of the respective parent materials. Total chemical mass flux from the granite soils averaged - 173 +/- 31 kg m(-2), whereas mass flux from the rhyolite soils was much larger, on the order of -930 +/- 71 kg m(-2). These large differences result from the variation of parent material grain size and bulk density. The data demonstrate strong control of parent material on chemical weathering and mass flux in cool, semiarid forested ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heckman, Katherine] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, USDA, US Forest Serv, Ctr AMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rasmussen, Craig] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Heckman, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, USDA, US Forest Serv, Ctr AMS, L-397,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kaheckman@fs.fed.us; crasmuss@cals.arizona.edu FU National Science Foundation [0543130] FX This work was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB #0543130). NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 164 IS 3-4 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.003 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 810TX UT WOS:000294151100001 ER PT J AU Hadzick, ZZ Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Hill, RL AF Hadzick, Z. Z. Guber, A. K. Pachepsky, Y. A. Hill, R. L. TI Pedotransfer functions in soil electrical resistivity estimation SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Electrical resistivity; Pedotransfer function; Basic properties; Akaike criterion; Soil water; Content ID WATER-CONTENT; CONDUCTIVITY; TOMOGRAPHY; MOISTURE; CLAY AB Surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is recognized as a powerful non-invasive soil survey and monitoring method. Relationships between electrical resistivity (ER) and soil water contents that are needed to infer the spatial distribution of soil moisture from the ERT results, are known to reflect soil properties. However, pedotransfer relationships that relate ER, water content, and basic soil properties other than clay content have not been developed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the improvement in the estimates of ER from soil water contents if soil basic properties are included in the pedotransfer equations. Soil - coarse-loamy, siliceous, mesic Typic (or Aquic) Hapludult - was sampled in 12 locations at ten depths across a 30 x 30-m experimental site. The resistivity was measured in disturbed samples in four-electrode cells. Water content, bulk density, texture, organic carbon, and pH were measured in these samples. The coefficient and the exponent in the power law-dependence of ER on volumetric water content were approximated with linear regressions that included any number of measured soil basic properties as inputs. A total of 1024 regressions were compared using the Akaike information criterion, and the best model was found that provided the best approximation with minimum number of regression terms. Six soil textural classes were encountered in the samples. When no pedotransfer relationships were included, the R(2) of the log-log relationships between ER and water content increased from 0.45 at 10 cm to 0.91 at 190 cm. Splitting the dataset into topsoil and subsoil subsets resulted in favorable pedotransfer relationships with R(2) about 0.85 both in topsoil and subsoil. Bulk density, clay content, sand content and pH appeared to be influential soil properties. Overall, accuracy of relationships between soil electrical resistivity and volumetric water content at ten depths in highly heterogeneous sandy soil could be substantially improved if pedotransfer relationships were established. Future work is needed on the applicability of data obtained on repacked samples to undisturbed soils and on the selection of input variables and evaluation methods for pedotransfer electrical resistivity pedotransfer functions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pachepsky, Y. A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC EAST, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yakov.Pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU College of AGNR; U.S.NRC FX The research funding from the College of AGNR to the first author is appreciated. The work was partially supported by the U.S.NRC via the Interagency agreement "Model abstraction techniques for Soil water Flow and Transport." Assistance of Amanda Garzio-Hadzick and Randy Rowland is gratefully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 164 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.004 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 810TX UT WOS:000294151100011 ER PT J AU Ristau, TE Stoleson, SH Horsley, SB deCalesta, DS AF Ristau, Todd E. Stoleson, Scott H. Horsley, Stephen B. deCalesta, David S. TI Ten-year response of the herbaceous layer to an operational herbicide-shelterwood treatment in a northern hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Diversity; Glyphosate; Herb layer; Interfering plants; Resilience; Sulfometuron methyl ID BOREAL SPRUCE FOREST; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SITE PREPARATION; NOVA-SCOTIA; UNDERSTORY; PLANT AB Shelterwood seed cutting in conjunction with herbicide site preparation has proven effective at regenerating Allegheny hardwood forests, but the long-term impact of this silvicultural system on herbaceous vegetation has not been determined. From 1994 to 2004, we studied the impacts of operational herbicide site preparation using glyphosate plus sulfometuron methyl herbicides in the context of a shelterwood seed cut. Our study took place on 10 partially cut sites on the Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. Half of each site received herbicide and half did not in a split-plot design with repeated measures. Fences were erected after year six because deer impact had increased. Resilience of individual species and the community were determined using measures of percent cover by species or species groups and indices of diversity and similarity comparing post-treatment to pre-treatment conditions and controls. In the short term, abundance of all species was reduced and there were four fewer species on average in treated areas. No species was eliminated by herbicide across all sites in the long term. Graminoids were more abundant on treated plots after year six. Targeted ferns remained less abundant on treated than control plots after 10 years. Species richness recovered within 4 years following treatment. Shannon Diversity and Shannon Evenness were greater in treated than in control plots over the full study period, but the differences were not significant in any single year. The richness-based Jaccard index of similarity did not differ between control and treatment plots after year two, while relative abundance influenced indices showed significant differences through year eight. Results suggest that herbaceous layer vegetation is resilient to the disturbance created by herbicide-shelterwood treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ristau, Todd E.; Stoleson, Scott H.; Horsley, Stephen B.; deCalesta, David S.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Ristau, TE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM tristau@fs.fed.us; sstoleson@fs.fed.us; bestone@westpa.net; daviddecalesta@yahoo.com FU FS-PIAP; NAPIAP programs FX We thank Vonley Brown, John Crossley, Virgil Flick, David Sat, Julie Smithbauer, Harry Steele, and Ernie Wiltsie for plant data collection, the Allegheny National Forest staff for helping identify sites and implementing the fencing, cutting, and herbicide treatments (David Turner of Turner Enterprises, Youngsville, PA applied the herbicide), and Station Statistician David Randall for statistical guidance. The FS-PIAP and NAPIAP programs funded this work. Suggestions by R.D. Briggs, P.H. Brose, M. Dovciak, F.S. Gilliam, T. F. Hutchinson, DJ. Leopold, D.J. Raynal, and S. L Stout greatly improved previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 6 BP 970 EP 979 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.031 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 800NM UT WOS:000293367800008 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Li, L Yilmaz, MT Jackson, TJ AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Li, Li Yilmaz, M. Tugrul Jackson, Thomas J. TI Comparison of vegetation water contents derived from shortwave-infrared and passive-microwave sensors over central Iowa SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy water content; Normalized difference infrared index; MODIS; WindSat; Soil Moisture Experiment; SAIL model; PROSPECT model ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; AMSR-E; ABSORPTION FEATURES; MODIS INDEXES; LIQUID WATER; LAI PRODUCT; SAIL MODEL; LEAF-AREA; REFLECTANCE AB Retrieval of soil moisture content using the vertical and horizontal polarizations of multiple frequency bands on microwave sensors can provide an estimate of vegetation water content (VWC). Another approach is to use foliar-water indices based on the absorption at shortwave-infrared wavelengths by liquid water in the leaves to determine canopy water content, which is then related to VWC. An example of these indices is the normalized difference infrared index (NDII), which was found to be linearly related to canopy water content using various datasets, including data from the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 and 2005 in central Iowa. Here we compared independent estimates of VWC from WindSat to Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDII over central Iowa from 2003 to 2005. Results showed that there was a linear relationship between the MODIS and WindSat estimates of VWC, although WindSat-retrieved VWC was greater than MODIS-retrieved VWC. WindSat and MODIS have different satellite overpass times and in most climates we expect VWC to vary over a day due to transpiration and plant water stress. However, a sensitivity analysis indicated that the diurnal variation of VWC should not have a significant effect on retrievals of VWC by either method. The results of this study indicated that soil moisture retrievals from microwave sensors may be improved using VWC from optical sensors determined by foliar-water indices and classifications of land cover type. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Li] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov; li.li@nrl.navy.mil; tugrul.yilmaz@ars.usda.gov; Tom.Jackson@ars.usda.gov FU NASA FX First, we thank Pietro Ceccato and Andrew Davidson for kindly providing their original data for this study. Second, we thank Alan J. Stern for image processing. Third, we thank those who collected data during the SMEX02, SMEX04 and SMEX05 experiments, led by Mike Cosh, Rajat Bindlish, and Lynn McKee. This study was conducted under a grant from the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program, "Multiscale Assessment of Vegetation Water Content Estimates and Its Impact on Soil Moisture for Agricultural and Natural Vegetation," to Dr. David Riano at the University of California, Davis. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 65 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 9 BP 2376 EP 2383 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.04.037 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 788ZZ UT WOS:000292484400017 ER PT J AU Zheng, XY Hu, CY Spooner, D Liu, J Cao, JS Teng, YW AF Zheng, Xiaoyan Hu, Chunyun Spooner, David Liu, Jing Cao, Jiashu Teng, Yuanwen TI Molecular evolution of Adh and LEAFY and the phylogenetic utility of their introns in Pyrus (Rosaceae) SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENE; NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SUBFAMILY MALOIDEAE; CULTIVATED APPLE; AROMA COMPOUNDS; RAPD MARKERS AB Background: The genus Pyrus belongs to the tribe Pyreae (the former subfamily Maloideae) of the family Rosaceae, and includes one of the most important commercial fruit crops, pear. The phylogeny of Pyrus has not been definitively reconstructed. In our previous efforts, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) revealed a poorly resolved phylogeny due to non-concerted evolution of nrDNA arrays. Therefore, introns of low copy nuclear genes (LCNG) are explored here for improved resolution. However, paralogs and lineage sorting are still two challenges for applying LCNGs in phylogenetic studies, and at least two independent nuclear loci should be compared. In this work the second intron of LEAFY and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh) were selected to investigate their molecular evolution and phylogenetic utility. Results: DNA sequence analyses revealed a complex ortholog and paralog structure of Adh genes in Pyrus and Malus, the pears and apples. Comparisons between sequences from RT PCR and genomic PCR indicate that some Adh homologs are putatively nonfunctional. A partial region of Adh1 was sequenced for 18 Pyrus species and three subparalogs representing Adh1-1 were identified. These led to poorly resolved phylogenies due to low sequence divergence and the inclusion of putative recombinants. For the second intron of LEAFY, multiple inparalogs were discovered for both LFY1int2 and LFY2int2. LFY1int2 is inadequate for phylogenetic analysis due to lineage sorting of two inparalogs. LFY2int2-N, however, showed a relatively high sequence divergence and led to the best-resolved phylogeny. This study documents the coexistence of outparalogs and inparalogs, and lineage sorting of these paralogs and orthologous copies. It reveals putative recombinants that can lead to incorrect phylogenetic inferences, and presents an improved phylogenetic resolution of Pyrus using LFY2int2-N. Conclusions: Our study represents the first phylogenetic analyses based on LCNGs in Pyrus. Ancient and recent duplications lead to a complex structure of Adh outparalogs and inparalogs in Pyrus and Malus, resulting in neofunctionalization, nonfunctionalization and possible subfunctionalization. Among all investigated orthologs, LFY2int2-N is the best nuclear marker for phylogenetic reconstruction of Pyrus due to suitable sequence divergence and the absence of lineage sorting. C1 [Zheng, Xiaoyan; Hu, Chunyun; Liu, Jing; Cao, Jiashu; Teng, Yuanwen] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Hort, State Agr Minist Key Lab Hort Plant Growth Dev &, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Spooner, David] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Teng, YW (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Hort, State Agr Minist Key Lab Hort Plant Growth Dev &, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM ywteng@zju.edu.cn RI Teng, Yuanwen/A-3515-2015 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871690]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [R307605]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20090451480] FX This work has been financed by the project (No. 30871690) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Project (R307605) from Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, and Project (No. 20090451480) of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. NR 87 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 255 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-11-255 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 827FR UT WOS:000295414000001 PM 21917170 ER PT J AU Blanvillain, R Wei, S Wei, PC Kim, JH Ow, DW AF Blanvillain, Robert Wei, Spencer Wei, Pengcheng Kim, Jong Heon Ow, David W. TI Stress tolerance to stress escape in plants: role of the OXS2 zinc-finger transcription factor family SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fitness; flowering; reproduction; ROS; XPOI ID FLOWERING-TIME; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NUCLEAR EXPORT; FLORAL INDUCTION; INTEGRATOR FT; PROTEIN; CONSTANS; VERNALIZATION; SIGNALS AB During dire conditions, the channelling of resources into reproduction ensures species preservation. This strategy of survival through the next generation is particularly important for plants that are unable to escape their environment but can produce hardy seeds. Here, we describe the multiple roles of OXIDATIVE STRESS 2 (OXS2) in maintaining vegetative growth, activating stress tolerance, or entering into stress-induced reproduction. In the absence of stress, OXS2 is cytoplasmic and is needed for vegetative growth; in its absence, the plant flowers earlier. Upon stress, OXS2 is nuclear and is needed for stress tolerance; in its absence, the plant is stress sensitive. OXS2 can activate its own gene and those of floral integrator genes, with direct binding to the floral integrator promoter SOC1. Stress-induced SOC1 expression and stress-induced flowering are impaired in mutants with defects in OXS2 and three of the four OXS2-like paralogues. The autoactivation of OXS2 may be a commensurate response to the stress intensity, stepping up from a strategy based on tolerating the effects of stress to one of escaping the stress via reproduction. The EMBO Journal (2011) 30, 3812-3822. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.270; Published online 9 August 2011 C1 [Ow, David W.] S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Blanvillain, Robert; Wei, Spencer; Wei, Pengcheng; Kim, Jong Heon; Ow, David W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), S China Bot Garden, 723 Xingke Rd, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM dow@scbg.ac.cn FU US Department of Agriculture; US Department of Energy; South China Botanical Garden FX We thank S Ruzin and D Schichnes for advice on confocal microscopy; H Smith for advice on SAAB assay; A Lima and Y Zenk for technical assistance; B Al-Sady, C Carles, G Chuck, J Fletcher, PH Quail, ZR Sung, and J Thomson for comments on early versions of the manuscript; D Ehrhardt for pEZS, and the Salk Institute and the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center for seed stocks. Funding provided by US Department of Agriculture, US Department of Energy, and South China Botanical Garden. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 30 IS 18 BP 3812 EP 3822 DI 10.1038/emboj.2011.270 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 821UK UT WOS:000294999700014 PM 21829164 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, J Muchugu, E Vega, FE Davis, A Borgemeister, C Chabi-Olaye, A AF Jaramillo, Juliana Muchugu, Eric Vega, Fernando E. Davis, Aaron Borgemeister, Christian Chabi-Olaye, Adenirin TI Some Like It Hot: The Influence and Implications of Climate Change on Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and Coffee Production in East Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INSECT HERBIVORES; IMPACTS; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; PESTS; AGRICULTURE; SCOLYTIDAE; PREDICTION; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB The negative effects of climate change are already evident for many of the 25 million coffee farmers across the tropics and the 90 billion dollar (US) coffee industry. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), the most important pest of coffee worldwide, has already benefited from the temperature rise in East Africa: increased damage to coffee crops and expansion in its distribution range have been reported. In order to anticipate threats and prioritize management actions for H. hampei we present here, maps on future distributions of H. hampei in coffee producing areas of East Africa. Using the CLIMEX model we relate present-day insect distributions to current climate and then project the fitted climatic envelopes under future scenarios A2A and B2B (for HADCM3 model). In both scenarios, the situation with H. hampei is forecasted to worsen in the current Coffea arabica producing areas of Ethiopia, the Ugandan part of the Lake Victoria and Mt. Elgon regions, Mt. Kenya and the Kenyan side of Mt. Elgon, and most of Rwanda and Burundi. The calculated hypothetical number of generations per year of H. hampei is predicted to increase in all C. arabica-producing areas from five to ten. These outcomes will have serious implications for C. arabica production and livelihoods in East Africa. We suggest that the best way to adapt to a rise of temperatures in coffee plantations could be via the introduction of shade trees in sun grown plantations. The aims of this study are to fill knowledge gaps existing in the coffee industry, and to draft an outline for the development of an adaptation strategy package for climate change on coffee production. An abstract in Spanish is provided as Abstract S1. C1 [Jaramillo, Juliana] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, Hannover, Germany. [Jaramillo, Juliana; Muchugu, Eric; Borgemeister, Christian; Chabi-Olaye, Adenirin] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol Icipe, Nairobi, Kenya. [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Davis, Aaron] Kew, Royal Bot Gardens, Surrey, England. RP Jaramillo, J (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, Hannover, Germany. EM jjaramillo@icipe.org OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU German Research Foundation - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) FX This research was partly funded by the German Research Foundation - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). No additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 95 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24528 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024528 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 822JC UT WOS:000295039700024 PM 21935419 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Morris, JB Tonnis, B Pinnow, D Davis, J Raymer, P Pederson, GA AF Wang, Ming Li Morris, J. Bradley Tonnis, Brandon Pinnow, David Davis, Jerry Raymer, Paul Pederson, Gary A. TI Screening of the Entire USDA Castor Germplasm Collection for Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition for Optimum Biodiesel Production SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ricinus communis; castor germplasm; oil content; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); alkaline transmethylation; fatty acid composition; gas chromatography (GC); biodiesel production ID RICINOLEIC ACID; DIESEL FUEL; SEED OIL; ESTERS; BLENDS; DEPENDENCE; IMPACT; MUTANT; EYE AB Castor has tremendous potential as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The oil content and fatty acid composition in castor seed are important factors determining the price for production and affecting the key fuel properties of biodiesel. There are 1033 available castor accessions collected or donated from 48 countries worldwide in the USDA germplasm collection. The entire castor collection was screened for oil content and fatty acid composition by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Castor seeds on the average contain 48.2% oil with significant variability ranging from 37.2 to 60.6%. Methyl esters were prepared from castor seed by alkaline transmethylation. GC analysis of methyl esters confirmed that castor oil was composed primarily of eight fatty acids: 1.48% palmitic (C16:0), 1.58% stearic (C18:0), 4.41% oleic (C18:1), 6.42% linoleic (C18:2,), 0.68% linolenic (C18:3), 0.45% gadoleic (C20:1), 84.51% ricinoleic (C18:1-IOH), and 0.47% dihydroxystearic (C18:0-2OH) acids. Significant variability in fatty acid composition was detected among castor accessions. Ricinoleic acid (RA) was positively correlated with dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) but highly negatively correlated with the five other fatty acids except linolenic acid. The results for oil content and fatty acid composition obtained from this study will be useful for end-users to explore castor germplasm for biodiesel production. C1 [Wang, Ming Li; Morris, J. Bradley; Tonnis, Brandon; Pinnow, David; Pederson, Gary A.] ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Davis, Jerry] Univ Georgia, Dept Expt Stat, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Raymer, Paul] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 17 BP 9250 EP 9256 DI 10.1021/jf202949v PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 816FW UT WOS:000294585100027 PM 21838261 ER PT J AU Aouada, FA de Moura, MR Orts, WJ Mattoso, LHC AF Aouada, Fauze A. de Moura, Marcia R. Orts, William J. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. TI Preparation and Characterization of Novel Micro- and Nanocomposite Hydrogels Containing Cellulosic Fibrils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cellulose nanofiber; PAAm-MC hydrogel; SEM; mechanical improvement; reinforcing effect; XRD characterization ID METHYLCELLULOSE HYDROGELS; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; PARAQUAT PESTICIDE; WHEAT-STRAW; POLYACRYLAMIDE; COMPOSITE; WHISKERS; STARCH; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOFIBRILS AB The main objective of this article was to report a simple, fast, and low cost strategy for the synthesis of micro- and nanocomposites by adding cellulose nanofibers, obtained by acid hydrolysis, and added to hydrogels as reinforcing agents. Specifically, when cellulose nanofibers were added to hydrogels, morphologic analyses showed significant decreases in pore size and formation of three-dimensional well-oriented porous microstructure. It was also observed that cellulose nanoparticles improved the mechanical and structural network properties without negatively impacting their thermal and hydrophilic properties. The value of maximum compressive stress was 2.1 kPa for the PAAm-MC, and it increased to 4.4 kPa when the cellulose nanofiber was incorporated into the hydrogel. By investigation of XRD patterns, it was found that the incorporation of cellulose nanofiber affected the crystallinity of PAAm-MC hydrogels, thus contributing to improvements in mechanical, structural, and hydrophilic properties of the PAAm-MC hydrogels. C1 [Aouada, Fauze A.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Chem, BR-14800900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. [de Moura, Marcia R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Phys Inst Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Orts, William J.] ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Agr Instrumentat, Natl Nanotechnol Lab Agr, LNNA, CNPDIA, BR-13560905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Aouada, FA (reprint author), Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Chem, Araraquara Campus, BR-14800900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. EM faouada@yahoo.com.br RI Aouada, Marcia/F-6231-2014; Aouada, Fauze/C-3989-2012; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU CNPq; FAPESP; FINEP/LNNA; Embrapa-Brazil FX We are grateful to CNPq, FAPESP, FINEP/LNNA, and Embrapa-Brazil for their financial support. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 17 BP 9433 EP 9442 DI 10.1021/jf202347h PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 816FW UT WOS:000294585100049 PM 21793537 ER PT J AU Ma, CH Dastmalchi, K Whitaker, BD Kennelly, EJ AF Ma, Chunhui Dastmalchi, Keyvan Whitaker, Bruce D. Kennelly, Edward J. TI Two New Antioxidant Malonated Caffeoylquinic Acid Isomers in Fruits of Wild Eggplant Relatives SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wild eggplant relative; Solanum incanum; Solanum melongena; fruit; malonylcaffeoylquinic acid; antioxidant activity; iron chelation ID SOLANUM-MELONGENA; CHLOROGENIC ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; QUINIC ACID; IN-VITRO; DERIVATIVES; IDENTIFICATION; L. AB Fruits of the cultivated eggplant species Solanum melongena and its wild relative Solanum incanum have a high content of hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates, which are implicated in the human health benefits of various fruits and vegetables. Monocaffeoylquinic acid esters, in particular 5-0-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid, are usually predominant in solanaceous fruits and tubers. Two closely related caffeoylquinic acid derivatives with longer C(18) HPLC retention times than those of monocaffeoylquinic acids are minor constituents in cultivated eggplant fruit. In a prior study, the two compounds were tentatively identified as 3-O-acetyl- and 4-O-acetyl-5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acids and composed <= 2% of the total hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates in fruit of most S. melongena accessions. It was recently found that the pair of these caffeoylquinic acid derivatives can compose 15-25% of the total hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates in fruits of S. incanum and wild S. melongena. This facilitated C18 HPLC isolation and structural elucidation using (1)H and (13)C NMR techniques and HR-ToF-MS. The isomeric compounds were identified as 3-O-malonyl-5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid (isomer 1) and 4-O-(E)-caffeoyl-5-O-malonylquinic acid (isomer 2). Both exhibited free radical scavenging activity, albeit about 4-fold lower than that of the flavonol quercetin dihydrate. By contrast, the iron chelation activities of isomers 1 and 2, respectively, were about 3- and 6-fold greater than that of quercetin dihydrate. Reports of malonylhydroxycinnamoylquinic acids are rare, and only a few of these compounds have been structurally elucidated using both NMR and MS techniques. To the authors' knowledge, these two malonylcaffeoylquinic acid isomers have not previously been reported. C1 [Whitaker, Bruce D.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ma, Chunhui; Dastmalchi, Keyvan; Kennelly, Edward J.] CUNY, Dept Biol Sci, Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. [Ma, Chunhui; Dastmalchi, Keyvan; Kennelly, Edward J.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Bldg 002,Room 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bruce.whitaker@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 17 BP 9645 EP 9651 DI 10.1021/jf202028y PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 816FW UT WOS:000294585100074 PM 21800866 ER PT J AU Back, KY Sohn, HR Hou, CT Kim, HR AF Back, Ka-Yeon Sohn, Hye-Ran Hou, Ching T. Kim, Hak-Ryul TI Production of a Novel 9,12-Dihydroxy-10(E)-eicosenoic Acid from Eicosenoic Acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE eicosenoic acid; 9,12-dihydroxy-10(E)-eicosenoic acid; bioconversion; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ID (9,12,13)-TRIHYDROXY-11E (10E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; OLEIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-HEXADECENOIC ACID; PALMITOLEIC ACID; COMPOUND; BIOCONVERSION; INTERMEDIATE AB Microbial conversions of unsaturated fatty acids often generate polyhydroxy fatty acids, giving them new properties such as higher viscosity and reactivity. A bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3) has been intensively studied to produce mono-, di-, and trihydroxy fatty acids from different 9-cis-monoenoic fatty acids such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. However, from the results and the postulated similar metabolic pathways involved in these transformations, it was assumed that the enzyme system involved in transformation of the mono enoic fatty acid by strain PR3 could utilize fatty acids with different chain lengths and locations of the double bond. In this study was used as a substrate for bioconversion by strain PR3 eicosenoic acid (C20:1, omega-9) containing a singular cis double bond at different positions from the carboxyl end as oleic acid, and it was confirmed that PR3 could produce a novel 9,12-dihydroxy-10(E)-eicosenoic acid (DED) with 6.2% yield from eicosenoic acid. The structure of DED was confirmed using GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR analyses. DED production was maximized at 72 h after the substrate was added to the 24 h culture. Some other nutritional factors were also studied for optimal production of DED. C1 [Back, Ka-Yeon; Sohn, Hye-Ran; Kim, Hak-Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Food Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hou, Ching T.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, HR (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Food Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM hakrkim@knu.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation (KRF); Korean government (MEST) [2009-0068777] FX This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation (KRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. 2009-0068777) NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 17 BP 9652 EP 9657 DI 10.1021/jf202118q PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 816FW UT WOS:000294585100075 PM 21809883 ER PT J AU Miles, ED Xue, Y Strickland, JR Boling, JA Matthews, JC AF Miles, Edwena D. Xue, Yan Strickland, James R. Boling, James A. Matthews, James C. TI Ergopeptines Bromocriptine and Ergovaline and the Dopamine Type-2 Receptor Inhibitor Domperidone Inhibit Bovine Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1-like Activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ergot alkaloids; fescue toxicosis; MDBK cells; SLC29 ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; AFFINITY GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTERS; NA+-DEPENDENT TRANSPORT; TALL FESCUE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; CAUDAL ARTERY; BEEF HEIFERS AB Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue contains ergopeptines. Except for interations with biogenic amine receptors (e g, dopamine type-2 receptor, D2R), little, is known about how ergopeptines affect animal metabolism. The effect of ergopeptines on bovine nucleoside transporters (NT) was evaluated using Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Equilibrative NT1 (ENT1)-like activity accounted for 94% of total NT activity. Inhibitory competition (IC50) experiments found that this activity was inhibited by both bromocriptine (a synthetic model ergopeptine and D2R agonist) and ergovaline (a predominant ergopeptine of tall fescue). kinetic inhibition analysis indicated that bromocriptine inhibited ENT1-like activity through a competitive and noncompetitive mechanism. Domperidone (a. D2R antagonist) inhibited ENT1 activity more in the presence than in the absence of bromocriptine and displayed an IC50 value lower than that of bromocriptine or ergovaline, suggesting that inhibition was not through D2R-mediated events. These novel mechanistic findings imply that cattle consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue have reduced ENT1 activity and, thus, impaired nucleoside metabolism. C1 [Miles, Edwena D.; Xue, Yan; Boling, James A.; Matthews, James C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Strickland, James R.] ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Matthews, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, 213 WP Garrigus Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jmatthew@uky.edu FU University of Kentucky Lyman; USDA-ARS; University of Kentucky; Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [10-07-134] FX Supported by a University of Kentucky Lyman T. Johnson Fellowship (to E.D.M.), USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement, the University of Kentucky, and the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (Publication 10-07-134). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 17 BP 9691 EP 9699 DI 10.1021/jf201713m PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 816FW UT WOS:000294585100080 PM 21790119 ER PT J AU Li, L Li, H Li, Q Yang, XH Zheng, DB Warburton, M Chai, YC Zhang, P Guo, YQ Yan, JB Li, JS AF Li, Lin Li, Hui Li, Qing Yang, Xiaohong Zheng, Debo Warburton, Marilyn Chai, Yuchao Zhang, Pan Guo, Yuqiu Yan, Jianbing Li, Jiansheng TI An 11-bp Insertion in Zea mays fatb Reduces the Palmitic Acid Content of Fatty Acids in Maize Grain SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACYL-ACP THIOESTERASES; OIL CONCENTRATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; GENETIC-VARIATION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; FLOWERING-TIME; INBRED LINES; GENOME; SELECTION AB The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in maize kernels strongly impacts human and livestock health, but is a complex trait that is difficult to select based on phenotype. Map-based cloning of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is a powerful but time-consuming method for the dissection of complex traits. Here, we combine linkage and association analyses to fine map QTL-Pal9, a QTL influencing levels of palmitic acid, an important class of saturated fatty acid. QTL-Pal9 was mapped to a 90-kb region, in which we identified a candidate gene, Zea mays fatb (Zmfatb), which encodes acyl-ACP thioesterase. An 11-bp insertion in the last exon of Zmfatb decreases palmitic acid content and concentration, leading to an optimization of the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids while having no effect on total oil content. We used three-dimensional structure analysis to explain the functional mechanism of the ZmFATB protein and confirmed the proposed model in vitro and in vivo. We measured the genetic effect of the functional site in 15 different genetic backgrounds and found a maximum change of 4.57 mg/g palmitic acid content, which accounts for similar to 20-60% of the variation in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. A PCR-based marker for QTL-Pal9 was developed for marker-assisted selection of nutritionally healthier maize lines. The method presented here provides a new, efficient way to clone QTL, and the cloned palmitic acid QTL sheds lights on the genetic mechanism of oil biosynthesis and targeted maize molecular breeding. C1 [Li, Lin; Li, Hui; Li, Qing; Yang, Xiaohong; Zheng, Debo; Chai, Yuchao; Zhang, Pan; Guo, Yuqiu; Yan, Jianbing; Li, Jiansheng] China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr China, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Warburton, Marilyn] ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Starkville, MS USA. [Yan, Jianbing] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Genet Resources Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Li, L (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr China, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM yjianbing@gmail.com; lijiansheng@cau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Genetically Modified Varieties Breeding Science and Technology Projects of China FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China and the Genetically Modified Varieties Breeding Science and Technology Projects of China. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 13 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24699 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024699 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 825ZV UT WOS:000295321800050 PM 21931818 ER PT J AU Simmons, GS McKemey, AR Morrison, NI O'Connell, S Tabashnik, BE Claus, J Fu, GL Tang, GL Sledge, M Walker, AS Phillips, CE Miller, ED Rose, RI Staten, RT Donnelly, CA Alphey, L AF Simmons, Gregory S. McKemey, Andrew R. Morrison, Neil I. O'Connell, Sinead Tabashnik, Bruce E. Claus, John Fu, Guoliang Tang, Guolei Sledge, Mickey Walker, Adam S. Phillips, Caroline E. Miller, Ernie D. Rose, Robert I. Staten, Robert T. Donnelly, Christl A. Alphey, Luke TI Field Performance of a Genetically Engineered Strain of Pink Bollworm SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; SEXING STRAINS; INSECT; LEPIDOPTERA; FITNESS; DOMINANT; GELECHIIDAE; MOSQUITOS; VECTORS; SYSTEMS AB Pest insects harm crops, livestock and human health, either directly or by acting as vectors of disease. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) - mass-release of sterile insects to mate with, and thereby control, their wild counterparts - has been used successfully for decades to control several pest species, including pink bollworm, a lepidopteran pest of cotton. Although it has been suggested that genetic engineering of pest insects provides potential improvements, there is uncertainty regarding its impact on their field performance. Discrimination between released and wild moths caught in monitoring traps is essential for estimating wild population levels. To address concerns about the reliability of current marking methods, we developed a genetically engineered strain of pink bollworm with a heritable fluorescent marker, to improve discrimination of sterile from wild moths. Here, we report the results of field trials showing that this engineered strain performed well under field conditions. Our data show that attributes critical to SIT in the field - ability to find a mate and to initiate copulation, as well as dispersal and persistence in the release area - were comparable between the genetically engineered strain and a standard strain. To our knowledge, these represent the first open-field experiments with a genetically engineered insect. The results described here provide encouragement for the genetic control of insect pests. C1 [Simmons, Gregory S.; Claus, John; Tang, Guolei; Sledge, Mickey; Miller, Ernie D.; Staten, Robert T.] Anim Plant Hlth & Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci, USDA, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Simmons, Gregory S.; Claus, John; Tang, Guolei; Sledge, Mickey; Miller, Ernie D.; Staten, Robert T.] Anim Plant Hlth & Inspect Serv, Ctr Technol, USDA, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Simmons, Gregory S.] Anim Plant Hlth & Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci, USDA, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Simmons, Gregory S.] Anim Plant Hlth & Inspect Serv, Ctr Technol, USDA, Moss Landing, CA USA. [McKemey, Andrew R.; Morrison, Neil I.; O'Connell, Sinead; Fu, Guoliang; Walker, Adam S.; Phillips, Caroline E.; Alphey, Luke] Oxitec Ltd, Oxford, England. [Tabashnik, Bruce E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Donnelly, Christl A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Med Res Council Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Fac Med, London, England. [Alphey, Luke] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Simmons, GS (reprint author), Anim Plant Hlth & Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci, USDA, Phoenix, AZ USA. EM gregory.s.simmons@aphis.usda.gov OI Donnelly, Christl/0000-0002-0195-2463 FU United States Department of Agriculture; Oxitec Ltd.; Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London FX No external funder had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work was funded by internal funds of the agencies conducting the work (United States Department of Agriculture and Oxitec Ltd.). Oxitec Ltd. provided salary and other support for the research program of those authors employed by the company. CD acknowledges the Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London for funding support. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 13 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24110 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024110 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 825ZV UT WOS:000295321800017 PM 21931649 ER PT J AU Wilcox, BR Knutsen, GA Berdeen, J Goekjian, V Poulson, R Goyal, S Sreevatsan, S Cardona, C Berghaus, RD Swayne, DE Yabsley, MJ Stallknecht, DE AF Wilcox, Benjamin R. Knutsen, Gregory A. Berdeen, James Goekjian, Virginia Poulson, Rebecca Goyal, Sagar Sreevatsan, Srinand Cardona, Carol Berghaus, Roy D. Swayne, David E. Yabsley, Michael J. Stallknecht, David E. TI Influenza-A Viruses in Ducks in Northwestern Minnesota: Fine Scale Spatial and Temporal Variation in Prevalence and Subtype Diversity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; NORTH-AMERICA; AQUATIC BIRDS; WILD BIRDS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; WATERFOWL; AMPLIFICATION; PATTERNS; FLYWAY AB Waterfowl from northwestern Minnesota were sampled by cloacal swabbing for Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) from July - October in 2007 and 2008. AIV was detected in 222 (9.1%) of 2,441 ducks in 2007 and in 438 (17.9%) of 2,452 ducks in 2008. Prevalence of AIV peaked in late summer. We detected 27 AIV subtypes during 2007 and 31 during 2008. Ten hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes were detected each year (i.e., H1, 3-8, and 10-12 during 2007; H1-8, 10 and 11 during 2008). All neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were detected during each year of the study. Subtype diversity varied between years and increased with prevalence into September. Predominant subtypes during 2007 (comprising >= 5% of subtype diversity) included H1N1, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H7N3, H10N7, and H11N9. Predominant subtypes during 2008 included H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H4N8, H6N1, and H10N7. Additionally, within each HA subtype, the same predominant HA/NA subtype combinations were detected each year and included H1N1, H3N8, H4N6, H5N2, H6N1, H7N3, H8N4, H10N7, and H11N9. The H2N3 and H12N5 viruses also predominated within the H2 and H12 subtypes, respectively, but only were detected during a single year (H2 and H12 viruses were not detected during 2007 and 2008, respectively). Mallards were the predominant species sampled (63.7% of the total), and 531 AIV were isolated from this species (80.5% of the total isolates). Mallard data collected during both years adequately described the observed temporal and spatial prevalence from the total sample and also adequately represented subtype diversity. Juvenile mallards also were adequate in describing the temporal and spatial prevalence of AIV as well as subtype diversity. C1 [Wilcox, Benjamin R.; Goekjian, Virginia; Poulson, Rebecca; Yabsley, Michael J.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wilcox, Benjamin R.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Knutsen, Gregory A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Middle River, MN USA. [Berdeen, James] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. [Goyal, Sagar; Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand; Cardona, Carol] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Wilcox, BR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM myabsley@uga.edu OI Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory [58-612-0220]; SCWDS [58-612-0220]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX Funding was provided through Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-612-0220 between the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory and SCWDS, and by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Department of Health and Human Services under Contract No. HHSN266200700007C. Contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 13 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24010 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024010 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 825ZV UT WOS:000295321800013 PM 21931636 ER PT J AU Burbano, E Wright, M Bright, DE Vega, FE AF Burbano, Elsie Wright, Mark Bright, Donald E. Vega, Fernando E. TI New record for the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; broca; Scolytinae ID COLEOPTERA AB The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is endemic to Africa and is the most devastating pest of coffee worldwide. The female bores a hole in the coffee berry and deposits her eggs inside. Upon hatching, larvae feed on the seeds, thus reducing both quality and yields of the marketable product. The coffee berry borer was found in the district of Kona on the island of Hawaii in August 2010 and appears to be restricted to that area. C1 [Burbano, Elsie; Wright, Mark] Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bright, Donald E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burbano, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM eburbano@hawaii.edu; markwrig@hawaii.edu; Donald.Bright@colostate.edu; Fernanado.Vega@ars.usda.gov RI Wright, Mark/A-7349-2009 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD SEP 12 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 17 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 819OS UT WOS:000294836800002 PM 22225430 ER PT J AU Hinchliffe, DJ Turley, RB Naoumkina, M Kim, HJ Tang, YH Yeater, KM Li, P Fang, DD AF Hinchliffe, Doug J. Turley, Rickie B. Naoumkina, Marina Kim, Hee Jin Tang, Yuhong Yeater, Kathleen M. Li, Ping Fang, David D. TI A combined functional and structural genomics approach identified an EST-SSR marker with complete linkage to the Ligon lintless-2 genetic locus in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PLANT-GROWTH SUBSTANCES; VITRO FIBER DEVELOPMENT; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; UPLAND COTTON; IN-VITRO; MINIMUM INFORMATION; CELL-DEVELOPMENT; BUNDLE STRENGTH AB Background: Cotton fiber length is an important quality attribute to the textile industry and longer fibers can be more efficiently spun into yarns to produce superior fabrics. There is typically a negative correlation between yield and fiber quality traits such as length. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling fiber length can potentially provide a valuable tool for cotton breeders to improve fiber length while maintaining high yields. The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber mutation Ligon lintless-2 is controlled by a single dominant gene (Li(2)) that results in significantly shorter fibers than a wild-type. In a near-isogenic state with a wild-type cotton line, Li(2) is a model system with which to study fiber elongation. Results: Two near-isogenic lines of Ligon lintless-2 (Li(2)) cotton, one mutant and one wild-type, were developed through five generations of backcrosses (BC(5)). An F(2) population was developed from a cross between the two Li(2) near-isogenic lines and used to develop a linkage map of the Li(2) locus on chromosome 18. Five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were closely mapped around the Li(2) locus region with two of the markers flanking the Li(2) locus at 0.87 and 0.52 centimorgan. No apparent differences in fiber initiation and early fiber elongation were observed between the mutant ovules and the wild-type ones. Gene expression profiling using microarrays suggested roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and cytokinin regulation in the Li(2) mutant phenotype. Microarray gene expression data led to successful identification of an EST-SSR marker (NAU3991) that displayed complete linkage to the Li(2) locus. Conclusions: In the field of cotton genomics, we report the first successful conversion of gene expression data into an SSR marker that is associated with a genomic region harboring a gene responsible for a fiber trait. The EST-derived SSR marker NAU3991 displayed complete linkage to the Li(2) locus on chromosome 18 and resided in a gene with similarity to a putative plectin-related protein. The complete linkage suggests that this expressed sequence may be the Li(2) gene. C1 [Hinchliffe, Doug J.; Naoumkina, Marina; Kim, Hee Jin; Li, Ping; Fang, David D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Fiber Biosci Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Hinchliffe, Doug J.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Turley, Rickie B.] USDA ARS, Mid S Area, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38772 USA. [Tang, Yuhong] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Genom Core Facil, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen M.] USDA ARS, So Plains Area, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Fang, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Fiber Biosci Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM david.fang@ars.usda.gov OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 FU United States Department of Agriculture [6435-21000-015-00D] FX This research was funded by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service project 6435-21000-015-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 89 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 9 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 445 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-445 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 821EM UT WOS:000294957700001 PM 21902843 ER PT J AU Aukema, JE Leung, B Kovacs, K Chivers, C Britton, KO Englin, J Frankel, SJ Haight, RG Holmes, TP Liebhold, AM McCullough, DG Von Holle, B AF Aukema, Juliann E. Leung, Brian Kovacs, Kent Chivers, Corey Britton, Kerry O. Englin, Jeffrey Frankel, Susan J. Haight, Robert G. Holmes, Thomas P. Liebhold, Andrew M. McCullough, Deborah G. Von Holle, Betsy TI Economic Impacts of Non-Native Forest Insects in the Continental United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; COSTS; MANAGEMENT; THREATS; PESTS; PRICE AB Reliable estimates of the impacts and costs of biological invasions are critical to developing credible management, trade and regulatory policies. Worldwide, forests and urban trees provide important ecosystem services as well as economic and social benefits, but are threatened by non-native insects. More than 450 non-native forest insects are established in the United States but estimates of broad-scale economic impacts associated with these species are largely unavailable. We developed a novel modeling approach that maximizes the use of available data, accounts for multiple sources of uncertainty, and provides cost estimates for three major feeding guilds of non-native forest insects. For each guild, we calculated the economic damages for five cost categories and we estimated the probability of future introductions of damaging pests. We found that costs are largely borne by homeowners and municipal governments. Wood-and phloem-boring insects are anticipated to cause the largest economic impacts by annually inducing nearly $1.7 billion in local government expenditures and approximately $830 million in lost residential property values. Given observations of new species, there is a 32% chance that another highly destructive borer species will invade the U. S. in the next 10 years. Our damage estimates provide a crucial but previously missing component of cost-benefit analyses to evaluate policies and management options intended to reduce species introductions. The modeling approach we developed is highly flexible and could be similarly employed to estimate damages in other countries or natural resource sectors. C1 [Aukema, Juliann E.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Leung, Brian; Chivers, Corey] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Leung, Brian] McGill Univ, Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kovacs, Kent] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kovacs, Kent] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Britton, Kerry O.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Englin, Jeffrey] Arizona State Univ, Morrison Sch Agribusiness & Resource Management, Mesa, AZ USA. [Frankel, Susan J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Holmes, Thomas P.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Von Holle, Betsy] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Aukema, JE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. EM aukema@nceas.ucsb.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 FU Nature Conservancy; NCEAS; National Science Foundation [DEB-0553768]; University of California Santa Barbara; State of California FX This work is the product of a National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) Working Group supported by The Nature Conservancy and NCEAS, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California Santa Barbara, and the State of California. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 9 U2 102 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 9 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24587 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024587 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819CN UT WOS:000294803100045 PM 21931766 ER PT J AU Li, RW Wu, ST Li, WZ Huang, Y Gasbarre, LC AF Li, Robert W. Wu, Sitao Li, Weizhong Huang, Ying Gasbarre, Louis C. TI Metagenome Plasticity of the Bovine Abomasal Microbiota in Immune Animals in Response to Ostertagia Ostertagi Infection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FAST PROGRAM; SEQUENCES; RESISTANCE; SECRETION; BACTERIA; GENOMES; PROTEIN; CALVES; HIT; PH AB Infections in cattle by the abomasal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi result in impaired gastrointestinal function. Six partially immune animals were developed using multiple drug-attenuated infections, and these animals displayed reduced worm burdens and a slightly elevated abomasal pH upon reinfection. In this study, we characterized the abomasal microbiota in response to reinfection using metagenomic tools. Compared to uninfected controls, infection did not induce a significant change in the microbial community composition in immune animals. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis identified 15 phyla in the bovine abomasal microbiota with Bacteroidetes (60.5%), Firmicutes (27.1%), Proteobacteria (7.2%), Spirochates (2.9%), and Fibrobacteres (1.5%) being the most predominant. The number of prokaryotic genera and operational taxonomic units (OTU) identified in the abomasal microbial community was 70.8 +/- 19.8 (mean +/- SD) and 90.3 +/- 2.9, respectively. However, the core microbiome comprised of 32 genera and 72 OTU. Infection seemingly had a minimal impact on the abomasal microbial diversity at a genus level in immune animals. Proteins predicted from whole genome shotgun (WGS) DNA sequences were assigned to 5,408 Pfam and 3,381 COG families, demonstrating dazzling arrays of functional diversity in bovine abomasal microbial communities. However, none of COG functional classes were significantly impacted by infection. Our results demonstrate that immune animals may develop abilities to maintain proper stability of their abomasal microbial ecosystem. A minimal disruption in the bovine abomasal microbiota by reinfection may contribute equally to the restoration of gastric function in immune animals. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Wu, Sitao; Gasbarre, Louis C.] ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Li, Weizhong; Huang, Ying] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Sitao/E-8098-2011; Li, Weizhong/A-9735-2008 OI Li, Weizhong/0000-0003-1804-9403 FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [R01RR025030] FX SW and WL are supported by Award Number R01RR025030 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NCRR or the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 9 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24417 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024417 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819CN UT WOS:000294803100029 PM 21931709 ER PT J AU Hoover, K Grove, M Gardner, M Hughes, DP McNeil, J Slavicek, J AF Hoover, Kelli Grove, Michael Gardner, Matthew Hughes, David P. McNeil, James Slavicek, James TI A Gene for an Extended Phenotype SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY-MOTH; BACULOVIRUS INFECTION; SERIAL PASSAGE; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS C1 [Hoover, Kelli; Grove, Michael; Gardner, Matthew; Hughes, David P.; McNeil, James] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hoover, Kelli; Grove, Michael; Gardner, Matthew; Hughes, David P.; McNeil, James] Penn State Univ, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gardner, Matthew] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hughes, David P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hughes, David P.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Slavicek, James] US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Hoover, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kxh25@psu.edu FU U.S. Forest Service FX We thank B. Reed and B. Klinestiver for assistance and N. Hayes-Plazolles for construction of recombinant viruses. Project funded by Joint Venture Agreement with U.S. Forest Service. Data were deposited in the Dryad Repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.36530. NR 10 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 12 U2 131 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 9 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6048 BP 1401 EP 1401 DI 10.1126/science.1209199 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 817KU UT WOS:000294672200030 PM 21903803 ER PT J AU Li, YC Mannen, S Morgan, AB Chang, SC Yang, YH Condon, B Grunlan, JC AF Li, Yu-Chin Mannen, Sarah Morgan, Alexander B. Chang, SeChin Yang, You-Hao Condon, Brian Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Intumescent All-Polymer Multilayer Nanocoating Capable of Extinguishing Flame on Fabric SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM ASSEMBLIES; CONE CALORIMETER; POLYPROPYLENE; TEXTILES; NANOCOMPOSITES; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; BARRIER AB An intumescent nanocoating composed of poly(allylamine) and poly(sodium phosphate) is deposited layer-by-layer on cotton fabric. Fire is extinguished right after ignition on the fabric during vertical flame testing. The individual fibers are conformally coated and bubbles form on the fiber surfaces during burning, which is due to an intumescent effect. C1 [Li, Yu-Chin; Mannen, Sarah; Yang, You-Hao; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Morgan, Alexander B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chang, SeChin; Condon, Brian] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Grunlan, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, 3123 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jgrunlan@tamu.edu RI Li, Yu-Chin/I-6876-2012; Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016 OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741 FU Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation [DBI-0116835] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for financial support of this work. The FE-SEM acquisition was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DBI-0116835. NR 26 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 16 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 8 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 34 BP 3926 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201101871 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 824UL UT WOS:000295227600008 PM 21800384 ER PT J AU Huang, DC Haack, RA Zhang, RZ AF Huang, Dingcheng Haack, Robert A. Zhang, Runzhi TI Does Global Warming Increase Establishment Rates of Invasive Alien Species? A Centurial Time Series Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; COLONIZATION; LEPIDOPTERA; MIGRATION AB Background: The establishment rate of invasive alien insect species has been increasing worldwide during the past century. This trend has been widely attributed to increased rates of international trade and associated species introductions, but rarely linked to environmental change. To better understand and manage the bioinvasion process, it is crucial to understand the relationship between global warming and establishment rate of invasive alien species, especially for poikilothermic invaders such as insects. Methodology/Principal Findings: We present data that demonstrate a significant positive relationship between the change in average annual surface air temperature and the establishment rate of invasive alien insects in mainland China during 1900-2005. This relationship was modeled by regression analysis, and indicated that a 1 degrees C increase in average annual surface temperature in mainland China was associated with an increase in the establishment rate of invasive alien insects of about 0.5 species year(-1). The relationship between rising surface air temperature and increasing establishment rate remained significant even after accounting for increases in international trade during the period 1950-2005. Moreover, similar relationships were detected using additional data from the United Kingdom and the contiguous United States. Conclusions/Significance: These findings suggest that the perceived increase in establishments of invasive alien insects can be explained only in part by an increase in introduction rate or propagule pressure. Besides increasing propagule pressure, global warming is another driver that could favor worldwide bioinvasions. Our study highlights the need to consider global warming when designing strategies and policies to deal with bioinvasions. C1 [Huang, Dingcheng; Zhang, Runzhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, CAS Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Huang, Dingcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. [Zhang, Runzhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Huang, DC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, CAS Key Lab Zool Systemat & Evolut, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zhangrz@ioz.ac.cn FU Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology [2009CB119204]; Ministry of Agriculture [200903042]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30525039, J0930004] FX This research was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hundred Talents in 2010), Ministry of Science and Technology (2009CB119204), the Ministry of Agriculture (200903042), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30525039, J0930004) programs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 7 U2 81 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 8 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24733 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024733 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819CK UT WOS:000294802800088 PM 21931837 ER PT J AU Kutter, EM Skutt-Kakaria, K Blasdel, B El-Shibiny, A Castano, A Bryan, D Kropinski, AM Villegas, A Ackermann, HW Toribio, AL Pickard, D Anany, H Callaway, T Brabban, AD AF Kutter, Elizabeth M. Skutt-Kakaria, Kyobi Blasdel, Bob El-Shibiny, Ayman Castano, Anna Bryan, Daniel Kropinski, Andrew M. Villegas, Andre Ackermann, Hans-Wolfgang Toribio, Ana L. Pickard, Derek Anany, Hany Callaway, Todd Brabban, Andrew D. TI Characterization of a ViI-like Phage Specific to Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157:H7; hydroxymethyluracil; phage evolution; phage ecology; genome; proteome; bioinformatics; Vi antigen; O157 antigen; tail spike; T4 core genes ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; O157-H7 LEVELS; HOST-RANGE; BACTERIOPHAGES; GENES; PROTEIN; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION AB Phage vB_EcoM_CBA120 (CBA120), isolated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 from a cattle feedlot, is morphologically very similar to the classic phage ViI of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Until recently, little was known genetically or physiologically about the ViI-like phages, and none targeting E. coli have been described in the literature. The genome of CBA120 has been fully sequenced and is highly similar to those of both ViI and the Shigella phage AG3. The core set of structural and replication-related proteins of CBA120 are homologous to those from T-even phages, but generally are more closely related to those from T4-like phages of Vibrio, Aeromonas and cyanobacteria than those of the Enterobacteriaceae. The baseplate and method of adhesion to the host are, however, very different from those of either T4 or the cyanophages. None of the outer baseplate proteins are conserved. Instead of T4's long and short tail fibers, CBA120, like ViI, encodes tail spikes related to those normally seen on podoviruses. The 158 kb genome, like that of T4, is circularly permuted and terminally redundant, but unlike T4 CBA120 does not substitute hmdCyt for cytosine in its DNA. However, in contrast to other coliphages, CBA120 and related coliphages we have isolated cannot incorporate H-3-thymidine (H-3-dThd) into their DNA. Protein sequence comparisons cluster the putative "thymidylate synthase" of CBA120, ViI and AG3 much more closely with those of Delftia phage phi W-14, Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1, and Pseudomonas phage YuA, all known to produce and incorporate hydroxymethyluracil (hmdUra). C1 [Kutter, Elizabeth M.; Skutt-Kakaria, Kyobi; Blasdel, Bob; El-Shibiny, Ayman; Castano, Anna; Bryan, Daniel; Brabban, Andrew D.] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [El-Shibiny, Ayman] Suez Canal Univ, Fac Environm Agr Sci, Ismailia, Egypt. [Kropinski, Andrew M.; Villegas, Andre] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Kropinski, Andrew M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ackermann, Hans-Wolfgang] Univ Laval, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Toribio, Ana L.; Pickard, Derek] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, England. [Anany, Hany] Univ Guelph, Canadian Res Inst Food Safety, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Anany, Hany] Ain Shams Univ, Dept Microbiol, Cairo, Egypt. [Callaway, Todd] USDA, Agr Stn, College Stn, TX USA. [Blasdel, Bob] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Castano, Anna] Univ Colorado Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurol, Denver, CO USA. RP Kutter, EM (reprint author), Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. EM kutterb@evergreen.edu RI Anany, Hany/L-2058-2013; OI Toribio, Ana/0000-0002-0101-4258 FU PhageBiotics Foundation; USDA/ARS; National Cattlemen's Beef Association; Evergreen Foundation; NIH [2-R15GM063637-02, 2R15GM63637-3A1]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We wish to thank Eva Donjacour, Zachary Hobbs and the many other students of the Evergreen Phage Laboratory students who have been involved in this study; Rob Lavigne for excellent discussions and for assistance in looking for promoters; Matthew Sullivan and Julio Cesar Ignacio Espinoza, for assistance with the cyanophage comparisons and tree construction; Tom Denes for testing our CBA-targeting phages against bovine metritis strains of E. coli kindly supplied by Rodrigo Bicalho of Cornell and Evergreen's Mike Paros; Evergreen Science Instructional Technicians Peter Robinson, Ladd Rutherford and Shane Peterson. The work at Evergreen and at the USDA/ARS Agricultural Station College Station was supported by the PhageBiotics Foundation, the USDA/ARS, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the Evergreen Foundation and NIH grants 2-R15GM063637-02 and 2R15GM63637-3A1. A. M. K. was supported by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD SEP 7 PY 2011 VL 8 AR 430 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-8-430 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 830EG UT WOS:000295639600001 PM 21899740 ER PT J AU Haiminen, N Kuhn, DN Parida, L Rigoutsos, I AF Haiminen, Niina Kuhn, David N. Parida, Laxmi Rigoutsos, Isidore TI Evaluation of Methods for De Novo Genome Assembly from High-Throughput Sequencing Reads Reveals Dependencies That Affect the Quality of the Results SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technology have made low-cost sequencing an attractive approach for many genome analysis tasks. Increasing read lengths, improving quality and the production of increasingly larger numbers of usable sequences per instrument-run continue to make whole-genome assembly an appealing target application. In this paper we evaluate the feasibility of de novo genome assembly from short reads (<= 100 nucleotides) through a detailed study involving genomic sequences of various lengths and origin, in conjunction with several of the currently popular assembly programs. Our extensive analysis demonstrates that, in addition to sequencing coverage, attributes such as the architecture of the target genome, the identity of the used assembly program, the average read length and the observed sequencing error rates are powerful variables that affect the best achievable assembly of the target sequence in terms of size and correctness. C1 [Haiminen, Niina; Parida, Laxmi; Rigoutsos, Isidore] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Computat Biol Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Kuhn, David N.] USDA, ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL USA. RP Haiminen, N (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Computat Biol Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. EM nhaimin@us.ibm.com; isidore.rigoutsos@jefferson.edu OI Rigoutsos, Isidore/0000-0003-1529-8631 FU IBM FX IBM funded this study through the employment, at the time of the study, of Isidore Rigoutsos, Niina Haiminen, Laxmi Parida and David N. Kuhn. Between them they conceived, designed and performed the experiments, analyzed the data and designed the assembly evaluation protocol. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 9 AR e24182 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024182 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819CH UT WOS:000294802500033 PM 21915294 ER PT J AU Champigny, MJ Shearer, H Mohammad, A Haines, K Neumann, M Thilmony, R He, SY Fobert, P Dengler, N Cameron, RK AF Champigny, Marc J. Shearer, Heather Mohammad, Asif Haines, Karen Neumann, Melody Thilmony, Roger He, Sheng Yang Fobert, Pierre Dengler, Nancy Cameron, Robin K. TI Localization of DIR1 at the tissue, cellular and subcellular levels during Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis using DIR1:GUS and DIR1:EGFP reporters SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEIN; SALICYLIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; AGE-RELATED RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS AB Background: Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) is an induced resistance response to pathogens, characterized by the translocation of a long-distance signal from induced leaves to distant tissues to prime them for increased resistance to future infection. DEFECTIVE in INDUCED RESISTANCE 1 (DIR1) has been hypothesized to chaperone a small signaling molecule to distant tissues during SAR in Arabidopsis. Results: DIR1 promoter: DIR1-GUS/dir1-1 lines were constructed to examine DIR1 expression. DIR1 is expressed in seedlings, flowers and ubiquitously in untreated or mock-inoculated mature leaf cells, including phloem sieve elements and companion cells. Inoculation of leaves with SAR-inducing avirulent or virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) resulted in Type III Secretion System-dependent suppression of DIR1 expression in leaf cells. Transient expression of fluorescent fusion proteins in tobacco and intercellular washing fluid experiments indicated that DIR1's ER signal sequence targets it for secretion to the cell wall. However, DIR1 expressed without a signal sequence rescued the dir1-1 SAR defect, suggesting that a cytosolic pool of DIR1 is important for the SAR response. Conclusions: Although expression of DIR1 decreases during SAR induction, the protein localizes to all living cell types of the vasculature, including companion cells and sieve elements, and therefore DIR1 is well situated to participate in long-distance signaling during SAR. C1 [Champigny, Marc J.; Shearer, Heather; Mohammad, Asif; Haines, Karen; Cameron, Robin K.] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Neumann, Melody; Dengler, Nancy] Univ Toronto, Dept Cell & Syst Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Thilmony, Roger; He, Sheng Yang] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Champigny, Marc J.; Shearer, Heather; Fobert, Pierre] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. [Thilmony, Roger] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cameron, RK (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM rcamero@mcmaster.ca FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Premier's Research Excellence Award of Ontario; McMaster University; NSERC; U. S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX We thank Yangdou Wei (University of Saskatchewan) for assistance with confocal microscopy. This work was supported by grants to R. Cameron (Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant, Premier's Research Excellence Award of Ontario) and Start-up funding and growth chamber maintenance support from McMaster University as well as an NSERC Discovery grant to P. Fobert and a U. S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation grant to S.Y. He. NR 80 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD SEP 6 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 125 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-11-125 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 827UO UT WOS:000295454400001 PM 21896186 ER PT J AU Skultety, L Hajduch, M Flores-Ramirez, G Miernyk, JA Ciampor, F Toman, R Sekeyova, Z AF Skultety, Ludovit Hajduch, Martin Flores-Ramirez, Gabriela Miernyk, Jan A. Ciampor, Fedor Toman, Rudolf Sekeyova, Zuzana TI Proteomic comparison of virulent phase I and avirulent phase II of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Coxiella burnetii; LC-MS/MS; Phase variants; Proteomics; Virulence-associated proteins ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEIN; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WHOLE-CELL LYSATE; D-MANNO-HEPTOSE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AB Coxiella burnetii, a category B biological warfare agent, causes multiple outbreaks of the zoonotic disease Q fever world-wide, each year. The virulent phase I and avirulent phase II variants of the Nine Mile RSA 493 and 439 strains of C. burnetii were propagated in embryonated hen eggs and then purified by centrifugation through Renografin gradients. Total protein fractions were isolated from each phase and subjected to analysis by one-dimensional electrophoresis plus tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 235 and 215 non-redundant proteins were unambiguously identified from the phase I and II cells, respectively. Many of these proteins had not been previously reported in proteomic studies of C. burnetii. The newly identified proteins should provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of Q fever. Several of the identified proteins are involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of components of the extracellular matrix. Forty-four of the proteins have been annotated as having distinct roles in the pathogenesis or survival of C. burnetii within the harsh phagolysosomal environment. We propose that nine enzymes specifically involved with lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, and that are distinctively present in phase I cells, are virulence-associated proteins. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Skultety, Ludovit; Flores-Ramirez, Gabriela; Ciampor, Fedor; Toman, Rudolf; Sekeyova, Zuzana] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Skultety, Ludovit] Slovak Acad Sci, Ctr Mol Sci, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Hajduch, Martin; Miernyk, Jan A.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Plant Genet & Biotechnol, Nitra, Slovakia. [Miernyk, Jan A.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miernyk, Jan A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Skultety, L (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Bratislava, Slovakia. EM viruludo@savba.sk; hajduch@savba.sk; virugafl@savba.sk; Jan.Miernyk@ars.usda.gov; virufcem@savba.sk; virutoma@savba.sk; viruseke@savba.sk RI Skultety, Ludovit/N-2160-2014 FU Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic [2/0156/11, 2/0031/11, 2/0016/08, 2/0010/08]; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Research & Development Operational Programme [TRANSMED2]; ERDF; Slovak Republic, administered by the Slovak Academic Information Agency FX The authors acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of M. Benkovicova, and thank G. Palmer, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, RICE University, Houston, TX, USA for his comments on the manuscript. Part of the cost of this research was supported by the following grants: 2/0156/11, 2/0031/11, 2/0016/08, and 2/0010/08 of the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the TRANSMED2 supported by the Research & Development Operational Programme funded by the ERDF. Support for JAM was in part from the National Scholarship Program of the Slovak Republic, administered by the Slovak Academic Information Agency. NR 104 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-3919 J9 J PROTEOMICS JI J. Proteomics PD SEP 6 PY 2011 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1974 EP 1984 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.017 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 825SQ UT WOS:000295302800014 PM 21616182 ER PT J AU Khatibi, PA Montanti, J Nghiem, NP Hicks, KB Berger, G Brooks, WS Griffey, CA Schmale, DG AF Khatibi, Piyum A. Montanti, Justin Nghiem, Nhuan P. Hicks, Kevin B. Berger, Greg Brooks, Wynse S. Griffey, Carl A. Schmale, David G., III TI Conversion of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in barley-derived fuel ethanol co-products with yeast expressing trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; MYCOTOXINS; GENE; TRI101; DECONTAMINATION; METABOLITES; ZEARALENONE AB Background: The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) may be concentrated in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; a co-product of fuel ethanol fermentation) when grain containing DON is used to produce fuel ethanol. Even low levels of DON (<= 5 ppm) in DDGS sold as feed pose a significant threat to the health of monogastric animals. New and improved strategies to reduce DON in DDGS need to be developed and implemented to address this problem. Enzymes known as trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases convert DON to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), and may reduce its toxicity in plants and animals. Results: Two Fusarium trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases (FgTRI101 and FfTRI201) were cloned and expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) during a series of small-scale ethanol fermentations using barley (Hordeum vulgare). DON was concentrated 1.6 to 8.2 times in DDGS compared with the starting ground grain. During the fermentation process, FgTRI101 converted 9.2% to 55.3% of the DON to 3ADON, resulting in DDGS with reductions in DON and increases in 3ADON in the Virginia winter barley cultivars Eve, Thoroughbred and Price, and the experimental line VA06H-25. Analysis of barley mashes prepared from the barley line VA04B-125 showed that yeast expressing FfTRI201 were more effective at acetylating DON than those expressing FgTRI101; DON conversion for FfTRI201 ranged from 26.1% to 28.3%, whereas DON conversion for FgTRI101 ranged from 18.3% to 21.8% in VA04B-125 mashes. Ethanol yields were highest with the industrial yeast strain Ethanol Red (R), which also consumed galactose when present in the mash. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of using yeast expressing a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase to modify DON during commercial fuel ethanol fermentation. C1 [Khatibi, Piyum A.; Schmale, David G., III] Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Berger, Greg; Brooks, Wynse S.; Griffey, Carl A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Montanti, Justin; Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schmale, DG (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dschmale@vt.edu OI Schmale, David/0000-0002-7003-7429 FU Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research Center at Virginia Tech [208-11-110A-012-331-1]; Maryland Grains Producers Utilization Board [10121612]; Virginia Agricultural Council [10183402]; Virginia Small Grains Board [10278306]; United States Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative [07185403] FX This work was supported primarily by a grant to DGS, CAG and KBH from the Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research Center at Virginia Tech (project number 208-11-110A-012-331-1). Grants to DGS by the Maryland Grains Producers Utilization Board (proposal number 10121612), the Virginia Agricultural Council (proposal number 10183402), the Virginia Small Grains Board (proposal number 10278306) and the United States Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative (proposal number 07185403) also provided support for the work. The conclusions presented here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of Agriculture, the Maryland Grain Producers Board, the Virginia Agricultural Council or the Virginia Small Grains Board. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA, the Maryland Grain Producers Board, the Virginia Agricultural Council or the Virginia Small Grains Board. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD SEP 2 PY 2011 VL 4 AR 26 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-4-26 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 824SH UT WOS:000295221900001 PM 21888629 ER PT J AU Cagle, C To, TL Nguyen, T Wasilenko, J Adams, SC Cardona, CJ Spackman, E Suarez, DL Pantin-Jackwood, MJ AF Cagle, Caran Thanh Long To Tung Nguyen Wasilenko, Jamie Adams, Sean C. Cardona, Carol J. Spackman, Erica Suarez, David L. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. TI Pekin and Muscovy ducks respond differently to vaccination with a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) commercial inactivated vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE H5N1; Avian influenza; Vaccination; Ducks; Innate immunity ID DOMESTIC DUCKS; RIG-I; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; REVERSE GENETICS; VIRUS INFECTION; INNATE IMMUNITY; NITRIC-OXIDE; CHICKENS; EFFICACY; CELLS AB Domestic ducks are key intermediates in the transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, and therefore are included in vaccination programs to control H5N1 HPAI. Although vaccination has proven effective in protecting ducks against disease, different species of domestic ducks appear to respond differently to vaccination, and shedding of the virus may still occur in clinically healthy vaccinated populations. In this study we compared the response to vaccination between two common domestic duck species, Pekin (Anus platyrhynchos domesticus) and Muscovy (Canine moschata), which were vaccinated with a commercial inactivated vaccine using one of three different schedules in order to elicit protection to H5N1 HPAI before one month of age. Clear differences in responses to vaccination were observed: the Muscovy ducks developed lower viral antibody titers induced by the same vaccination as Pekin ducks and presented with higher morbidity and mortality after challenge with an H5N1 HPAI virus. When comparing the response to infection in non-vaccinated ducks, differences were also observed, with infected Muscovy ducks presenting a lower mean death time and more severe neurological signs than Pekin ducks. However Pekin ducks had significantly higher body temperatures and higher levels of nitric oxide in the blood at 2 days post challenge than Muscovy ducks, indicating possible differences in innate immune responses. Comparison of the expression of innate immune related genes in spleens of the non-vaccinated infected ducks showed differences including significantly higher levels of expression of RIG-I in Pekin ducks and of IL-6 in Muscovy ducks. Both duck species showed an up-regulation of IFN alpha and MHC-I expression, and a down-regulation of MHC-II. In conclusion, differences in response to infection and vaccination were observed between the two domestic duck species. This information should be taken into account when developing effective vaccination programs for controlling H5N1 HPAI in different species of ducks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cagle, Caran; Wasilenko, Jamie; Spackman, Erica; Suarez, David L.; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] ARS, SW Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Thanh Long To; Tung Nguyen] Natl Ctr Vet Diag, Dept Anim Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Tung Nguyen] Hanoi Univ Agr, Grad Sch, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Adams, Sean C.; Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), ARS, SW Poultry Res Lab, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Unit, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mary.pantin-jackwood@ars.usda.gov FU Foreign Agriculture Service of the USDA; Agriculture Research Service [6612-32000-048] FX The authors would like to thank Diane Smith and Scott Lee for excellent technical support and also Ronald Graham and Roger Brock for providing care to the animals. This study was supported by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with the Foreign Agriculture Service of the USDA, and the Agriculture Research Service CRIS Project 6612-32000-048. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 58 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 2 PY 2011 VL 29 IS 38 BP 6549 EP 6557 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 823TG UT WOS:000295148800020 PM 21771626 ER PT J AU Triplehorn, CA Thomas, DB AF Triplehorn, Charles A. Thomas, Donald B. TI Studies in the Genus Eleodes Eschscholtz with a Revision of the Subgenus Melaneleodes Blaisdell and Omegeleodes, new subgenus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Eleodini) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE darkling beetles; Blaisdell; intraspecific variation; subspecies ID EASTERN WASHINGTON; BEETLES; ZOPHERIDAE; CALIFORNIA AB The taxonomic history of the genus Eleodes Eschscholtz is reviewed and the subgenus Melaneleodes Blaisdell redefined based on characters of the female terminalia with Blaps carbonaria Say herein designated as type-species. Eleodes debilis LeConte is removed from Melaneleodes to a new monotypic subgenus, Omegeleodes, based on the female characters. The subgenus Melaneleodes as redefined contains eleven species: anthracinus Blaisdell (new status), carbonarius (Say), halli Blaisdell (new status), humeralis LeConte, neomexicanus Blaisdell, parowanus Blaisdell, pedinoides LeConte, quadricollis Eschscholtz, rileyi Casey, tricostatus (Say) and wenzeli Blaisdell. Eleodes halli Blaisdell is resurrected from synonymy as the oldest available name to replace the homonym Eleodes fuscipilosus Blaisdell 1925 (nec Casey 1890). Eleodes anthracinus Blaisdell, a subspecies of E. quadricollis Eschscholtz is elevated to full species. The subspecies E. quadricollis lustrans Blaisdell is placed in a new combination as Eleodes anthracinus lustrans. Eleodes speculicollis Blaisdell is reduced to subspecific status as E. wenzeli speculicollis, new combination. Eleodes reductus Blaisdell is reduced to a subspecies giving a new combination, E. rileyi reductus. Eleodes coloradensis Blaisdell, Eleodes concinnus Blaisdell and Eleodes quadricollis lassenica Blaisdell, are all submerged as synonyms under Eleodes rileyi Casey. A key to the species is provided along with diagnoses for each with notes on distribution and variation. Eleodes carbonarius (Say) is redefined to contain a number of variants previously recognized as species or subspecies. Along with the previously recognized subspecies Eleodes carbonarius carbonarius, Eleodes carbonarius omissus LeConte, E. carbonarius knausi Blaisdell, and E. carbonarius soror LeConte, newly recognized subspecific combinations are: E. carbonarius omissoides Blaisdell and E. carbonarius chihuahuaensis Champion. New subspecies described herein are: Eleodes carbonarius nuevoleonensis and E. carbonarius disjunctus. Eleodes mazatzalensis Blaisdell is placed in synonymy under E. carbonarius carbonarius and Eleodes lineatus Blaisdell is placed in synonymy under E. carbonarius chihuahuaensis Champion. A key for the identification of the nine subspecies of Eleodes carbonarius is provided. C1 [Triplehorn, Charles A.] Ohio State Univ, Museum Biol Divers, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Thomas, Donald B.] USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Triplehorn, CA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Museum Biol Divers, Dept Entomol, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD SEP-DEC PY 2011 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 281 PG 31 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 978SB UT WOS:000306765000002 ER PT J AU Hoel, DF Obenauer, PJ Clark, M Smith, R Hughes, TH Larson, RT Diclaro, JW Allan, SA AF Hoel, David F. Obenauer, Peter J. Clark, Marah Smith, Richard Hughes, Tony H. Larson, Ryan T. Diclaro, Joseph W. Allan, Sandra A. TI EFFICACY OF OVITRAP COLORS AND PATTERNS FOR ATTRACTING AEDES ALBOPICTUS AT SUBURBAN FIELD SITES IN NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; visual cues; ovitraps; oviposition; color ID SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; AEGYPTI ERADICATION; BITING FLIES; OVIPOSITION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; COLLECTION; MOSQUITOS; ECOLOGY; TRAPS AB We sought to visually enhance the attractiveness of a standard black ovitrap routinely used in surveillance of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and now being used as lethal ovitraps in Ae. aegypti dengue control programs. Black plastic drinking cups (ovitraps) were visually altered to offer field populations of gravid female Ae. albopictus 6 different oviposition site choices. Trials were conducted at 3 field locations in Gainesville, Orange Park, and Jacksonville, FL, during July-August 2009. A black glossy cup served as the control and was tested against 5 cup choices consisting of white, blue, orange, or black-and-white contrasting patterns (checkered or vertically striped). Means (SE) of eggs collected over 6 wk for each choice were: black 122.53 (9.63) > blue 116.74 (10.74) > checkered 101.84 (9.53) > orange 97.15 (7.95) > striped 84.62 (8.17) > white 81.84 (8.74). Black ovitraps outperformed competing colored and contrasting patterned ovicups with respect to choice from gravid Ae. albopictus seeking artificial oviposition sites. C1 [Hoel, David F.] USDA ARS, Navy Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Obenauer, Peter J.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo 09835, Egypt. [Clark, Marah; Smith, Richard] Jacksonville Mosquito Control Dist, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. [Hughes, Tony H.; Larson, Ryan T.; Diclaro, Joseph W.] NAS, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Allan, Sandra A.] Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Hoel, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Navy Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program; US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX We are grateful to Matt Aubuchon for providing the egg papers and larval water used for this work. We thank Jeff Stancil, Faith Oi, Jerry Hogsette, and Don Hall for use of their residences in this work. We also thank the staff of the Navy Entomology Center of Excellence for assisting us with egg enumeration. Resources used in this research were supported in part by the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, which is funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.2987/11-6121.1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973FK UT WOS:000306344300008 PM 22017088 ER PT J AU Cilek, JE Ikediobi, CO Hallmon, CF Johnson, R Onyeozili, EN Farah, SM Mazu, T Latinwo, LM Ayuk-Takem, L Bernier, UR AF Cilek, J. E. Ikediobi, C. O. Hallmon, C. F. Johnson, R. Onyeozili, E. N. Farah, S. M. Mazu, T. Latinwo, L. M. Ayuk-Takem, L. Bernier, U. R. TI SEMI-FIELD EVALUATION OF SEVERAL NOVEL ALKENOL ANALOGS OF 1-OCTEN-3-OL AS ATTRACTANTS TO ADULT AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Kairomones; mosquito traps; semiochemicals; octenol; Mosquito Magnet-X (c) ID NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOSQUITO ATTRACTANTS; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; OCTENOL; TRAPS; ODOR; ACID AB The compound 1-octen-3-ol is a known attractant of some mosquito species, which has led to the hypothesis that olfactory stimulation by this alkenol may be associated with the following structural elements: a terminal site of unsaturation or high electron density; a structural capability for hydrogen bonding, e. g., -OH, -NH2, NHR, NR2, etc.; a saturated hydrocarbon chain of a certain minimum length; and a certain relative distance between the region of high electron density and the alcohol (or other hydrogen-bonding) functional group. Using this logic, we synthesized 20 alkenol analogs based on the octenol double-bonded carbon skeleton. The attraction of female Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus to these analogs was compared with 1-octen-3-ol as a standard in semi-field trials. For both species, collections from Mosquito Magnet-X (c) (MMX) suction traps baited with the alkenol analogs in the absence of carbon dioxide were not significantly different from octenol-only baited traps, with the exception of (Z)-3-hepten-1-ol which collected significantly more Ae. albopictus. In the presence of CO2, most of the collections from traps baited with an alkenol were considerably increased for both species but not different from octenol plus CO2, with the exception of Ae. albopictus where (Z)-3-decen-1-ol, (Z)-4-hexen-1-ol, 7-octen-2-ol, and 8-nonen-3-ol significantly depressed trap catches. Although no clearly identifiable structure-activity relationship could be determined from our collected data, we did find that MMX traps baited with carbon dioxide and 4-penten-2-ol or (E)-2-decen-4-ol significantly enhanced Cx. quinquefasciatus collections up to nearly 3-fold compared with octenol plus carbon dioxide. C1 [Cilek, J. E.; Hallmon, C. F.; Johnson, R.] Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, John A Mulrennan Sr Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Ikediobi, C. O.; Onyeozili, E. N.; Ayuk-Takem, L.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Farah, S. M.; Mazu, T.] Florida A&M Univ, Div Med Chem, Coll Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Latinwo, L. M.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Bernier, U. R.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Cilek, JE (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, John A Mulrennan Sr Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ, 4000 Frankford Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. FU CSREES 1890 Institutional Teaching Research Capacity Building Grant [2005-03697]; USDA/ARS Science Center of Excellence Grant [58-6618-52-49] FX This work was partially supported by CSREES 1890 Institutional Teaching Research Capacity Building Grant 2005-03697 and USDA/ARS Science Center of Excellence Grant 58-6618-52-49. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.2987/10-6097.1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973FK UT WOS:000306344300010 PM 22017090 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ Wynn, WW Aldridge, RL Walker, TW Farooq, M Dunford, JC Smith, VL Robinson, CA Lothrop, BB Snelling, M Gutierrez, A Wittie, J White, G AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Wynn, Willard W. Aldridge, Robert L. Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad Dunford, James C. Smith, Vincent L. Robinson, Cathy A. Lothrop, Branka B. Snelling, Melissa Gutierrez, Arturo Wittie, Jeremy White, Gregory TI LONGEVITY AND EFFICACY OF BIFENTHRIN TREATMENT ON DESERT-PATTERN US MILITARY CAMOUFLAGE NETTING AGAINST MOSQUITOES IN A HOT-ARID ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bifenthrin; Deployed War Fighter Protection Program; residual barrier treatment; ultra-lightweight camouflage netting system; Department of Defense pest management system ID BARRIER TREATMENTS AB The current Department of Defense pest management system does not provide adequate protection from arthropod disease vectors to personnel deployed in support of US military operations. We hypothesized that military camouflage netting, ubiquitous around living and working areas in current US military operations in Africa and the Middle East, treated with a residual pesticide such as bifenthrin may reduce the presence of biting insects and improve the military pest management system. In this study, we examined the longevity and efficacy of bifenthrin applied to camouflage netting material at the maximum label rate of 0.03 liter formulation (7.9% AI) per 92.9 m(2) against field populations of mosquitoes in southern California in a hot-arid environment similar to regions of Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Horn of Africa. We showed that bifenthrin treatment of camouflage netting was effective at reducing mosquito populations, predominantly Psorophora columbiae and Aedes vexans, by an average of up to 46% for 56 days, and could cause as much as 40% mortality in Culex quinquefasciatus in laboratory bioassays for nearly 2 months postapplication. These population reductions could translate to commensurate reductions in risk of exposure to mosquito-borne pathogens, and could potentially be effective against sand flies and filth flies. C1 [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Wynn, Willard W.; Aldridge, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad; Dunford, James C.; Smith, Vincent L.; Robinson, Cathy A.] USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Lothrop, Branka B.; Snelling, Melissa; Gutierrez, Arturo; Wittie, Jeremy; White, Gregory] Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Dist, Indio, CA 92201 USA. RP Britch, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU DoD through the Deployed War Fighter Protection Program; US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the DoD through the Deployed War Fighter Protection Program, and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA, DoD, or the US Navy. Technicians from the Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District provided expert assistance and support in the field. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.2987/11-6134.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973FK UT WOS:000306344300012 PM 22017092 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Rubio-Palis, Y AF Clark, Gary G. Rubio-Palis, Yasmin TI MOSQUITO VECTOR BIOLOGY AND CONTROL IN LATIN AMERICA-A 21ST SYMPOSIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Mosquitoes; dengue; malaria; surveillance; control; insecticide resistance ID ABSTRACTS AB The 21st Annual Latin American Symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 77th Annual Meeting in Anaheim, CA, in March 2011. The principal objective, as for the previous 20 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 55 presentations that were given orally in Spanish or presented as posters by participants from 4 countries in Latin America and the USA. Topics addressed in the symposium included: surveillance, chemical and biological control, and insecticide resistance associated with Aedes aegypti; distribution, behavior, and control of Culex; bionomics, ecology, and chemical and biological control of Anopheles vectors of malaria; insecticide resistance; and studies of dengue, West Nile virus, and Triatoma spp. C1 [Clark, Gary G.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Rubio-Palis, Yasmin] Univ Carabobo, Direcc Salud Ambiental, Minist Poder Popular Salud, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela. [Rubio-Palis, Yasmin] Univ Carabobo, Direcc Salud Ambiental, BIOMED, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU AMVAC; Clarke; Valent Biosciences Corporation; Univar USA; Public Health Equipment de Mexico; Michigan Mosquito Control Association FX Financial support for the 21st Annual Symposium was provided by the following sponsors: AMVAC, Clarke, Valent Biosciences Corporation, Univar USA, Public Health Equipment de Mexico, and the Michigan Mosquito Control Association. Funds from these sponsors supported Annual Meeting registration for participants, the 2nd Latin American Student Competition, and publication of these summaries. The continuing support by the AMCA for the symposium is also acknowledged. In addition, Manuel Lluberas is acknowledged for his support and dedication to the annual symposium and for utilizing his excellent simultaneous translation skills. Henry Rupp is acknowledged for his superb editorial assistance with the summaries submitted by symposium participants. Enthusiasm and interest for this symposium among Spanish- and non-Spanish-speaking participants was high, and it will continue to be part of future meetings. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 280 EP 299 DI 10.2987/11-6147.1 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973FK UT WOS:000306344300013 ER PT J AU Simonton, J Collins, T Holt, G Beruvides, M AF Simonton, James Collins, Terry Holt, Greg Beruvides, Mario TI Manufacturing Vegetable Oil Based Biodiesel: An Engineering Management Perspective SO EMJ-ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Engineering Economics; Alternative Energy AB The search for alternative fuels has increased over the past years. In an era of high government subsidies for alternative fuel production, engineering managers will be tasked with evaluating the economic benefits of these proposed alternatives. This research was an exploratory process that examined biodiesel manufacturing as a potential alternative for cottonseed oil mills that could furnish an outlet for their product if their current market shrinks. The analysis was performed as possible future investment by an existing company with a no debt scenario. The cost modeling indicates that under current market conditions, cottonseed oil is not a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. With the expected wholesale price of $0.91 per liter of bio-diesel and a production cost of $1.28 per liter, the current feasibility of the operation is questionable without the inclusion of governmental subsidies. C1 [Simonton, James; Beruvides, Mario] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Collins, Terry] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Ind Engn & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Holt, Greg] ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Beruvides, Mario] Texas Tech Univ, Lab Syst Solut, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Simonton, J (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Box 43061, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM james.simonton@ttu.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PI ROLLA PA PO BOX 820, ROLLA, MO 65402 USA SN 1042-9247 J9 EMJ-ENG MANAG J JI EMJ-Eng. Manag. J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 SI SI BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 971JH UT WOS:000306199700012 ER PT J AU Aryal, SK Davis, RF Stevenson, KL Timper, P Ji, PS AF Aryal, Sudarshan K. Davis, Richard F. Stevenson, Katherine L. Timper, Patricia Ji, Pingsheng TI Influence of Infection of Cotton by Rotylenchulus Reniformis and Meloidogyne Incognita on the Production of Enzymes Involved in Systemic Acquired Resistance SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BTH; catalase; Meloidogyne incognita; peroxidase; reniform nematode; root-knot nematode; Rotylenchulus reniformis; systemic acquired resistance ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; SALICYLIC-ACID; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT DEFENSE; CELL-WALL; INDUCTION; FIELD; TOMATO; PEROXIDASES AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which results in enhanced defense mechanisms in plants, can be elicited by virulent, and avirulent strains of pathogens including nematodes. Recent studies of nematode reproduction strongly suggest that Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis induce SAR in cotton, but biochemical evidence of SAR was lacking. Our objective was to determine whether infection of cotton by M. incognita and R. reniformis increases the levels of P-peroxidase, G-peroxidase, and catalase enzymes which are involved in induced resistance. A series of greenhouse trials was conducted; each trial included six replications of four treatments applied to one of three cotton genotypes in a randomized complete block design. The four treatments were cotton plants inoculated with i) R. reniformis, ii) M. incognita, iii) (Actigard), and iv) a nontreated control. Experiments were conducted on cotton genotypes DP 0935 B2RF (susceptible to both nematodes), LONREN-1 (resistant to R. reniformis), and M-I 20 RNR (resistant to M. incognita), and the level of P-peroxidase. G-peroxidase, and catalase activity was measured before and 2, 4, 6,10, and 14 d after treatment application. In all cotton genotypes, activities of all three enzymes were higher ( P <= 0.05) in leaves of plants infected with M. incognita and R. reniformis than in the leaves of control plants, except that M. incognita did not increase catalase activity on LONREN-1. Increased enzyme activity was usually apparent 6 d after treatment. This study documents that infection of cotton by M. incognita or R. reniformis increases the activity of the enzymes involved in systemic acquired resistance; thereby providing biochemical evidence to substantiate previous reports of nematode-induced SAR in cotton. C1 [Aryal, Sudarshan K.; Stevenson, Katherine L.; Ji, Pingsheng] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Davis, Richard F.; Timper, Patricia] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Aryal, SK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM saryal@ufl.edu NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 152 EP 159 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967UG UT WOS:000305932700004 PM 23431029 ER PT J AU Aryal, SK Davis, RF Stevenson, KL Timper, P Ji, PS AF Aryal, Sudarshan K. Davis, Richard F. Stevenson, Katherine L. Timper, Patricia Ji, Pingsheng TI Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance by Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne incognita in Cotton Following Separate and Concomitant Inoculations SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cotton; induced resistance; Meloidogyne incognita; reniform nematode; root-knot nematode; Rotylenchulus reniformis; split-root system; systemic acquired resistance ID ROOT-KNOT; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SWEET-POTATO; TOMATO; PLANTS; NEMATODE; FIELD; ACID; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REPRODUCTION AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) can be elicited by virulent anti avirulent pathogenic strains and SAR against plant-parasitic nematodes has been documented. Our objective was to determine whether co-infection of cotton by Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis affects the population level of either nematode compared to infection by each species individually. Split-root trials were conducted in which plants were inoculated with i) reniformis only, ii) M. incognita only, iii) both R. reniformis and M. incognita, or iv) no nematodes. Half of the root system was inoculated with R. reniformis or M. incognita on day 0 and the other half with M. incognita or R. reniformis on day 0 or day 14 depending on the experiment. Experiments were conducted on cotton cultivar DP 0935 B2RE (susceptible to both nematodes), LONREN-1 (germplasm line resistant to R. reniformis), and M-120 RNR (germplasm line resistant to M. incognita), and tests were terminated 8 wk after the last inoculation. Both soil (vermiform) and roots (egg) extracted from each half of the root system to determine the total nematode population levels, and root galling was rated on a 0 to 10 scale. Mixed models analysis and comparison of least squares means indicated no differences in root galling (except on LONREN-1) or population levels when the two nematode species were introduced on the same day. When M. incognita was introduced 14 d after R. reniformis, reduction in galling (36% on DP 0935 and 33% on LONREN-1) and M. incognita population levels (35% on DP 0935 and 45% on LONREN-1) were significant (P <= 0.05). When R. reniformis was inoculated 14 d after M. incognita, reduction in R. reniformis population levels (18% on DP 0935 and 26% on M-120) were significant. This study documents for the first time that infection of cotton by a nematode can elicit SAR to another nematode species. C1 [Aryal, Sudarshan K.; Stevenson, Katherine L.; Ji, Pingsheng] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Davis, Richard F.; Timper, Patricia] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Aryal, SK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM saryal@ufl.edu NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967UG UT WOS:000305932700005 PM 23430318 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Rosskopf, EN AF Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy Rosskopf, Erin N. TI Microplot Evaluation of Rootstocks for Control of Meloidogyne incognita on Grafted Tomato, Muskmelon, and Watermelon SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; Cucumis metuliferus; Cucurbita moschata; grafting; Meloidogyne incognita; muskmelon; root-knot nematode; Solanum lycopersicum; 'Tetsukabuto'; tomato; watermelon ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; MANAGEMENT; CUCUMIS AB Microplot experiments were conducted over two years (four growing seasons) to evaluate Meloidogyne incognita resistance in rootstocks used for grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), and watermelon (Citrullus lunatics). Three tomato rootstocks; 'TX301', 'Multifort', and 'Aloha', were tested in addition to the nongrafted scion, 'Florida-47'. TWO muskmelon rootstocks; Cucumis metliferus and 'Tetsukabuto (Cucurbita maxima X Cucurbita moschata) were evaluated with the nongrafted scion 'Athena', Two watermelon rootstocks included 'Emphasis', a lagenaria-type, and an interspecific squash hybrid ;StrongTosa', which were grafted to the scion 'TriX Palomar' and planted only in the second year Microplots were infested with M. incognita eggs in September each year. Tomatoes were planted in September followed by melons in March. In both years of the study, M. incognita. juveniles (J2) in soil were similar among all tomato rootstocks, but numbers in roots were higher in the nongrafted Florida 47 than in all grafted rootstocks. In muskmelon only C. metuliferus rootstock reduced galling in nematode infested soil. Tetsukabuto did not reduce numbers of M. incognita J2 in either soil or roots either year. There were no differences in nematode numbers, galling, or Plant growth parameters among the watermelon rootstocks tested. The use of resistant rootstocks has great potential for improving nematode control in the absence of soil fumigants. C1 [Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Rosskopf, Erin N.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM nancy.burelle@ars.usda.gov FU CSREES Methyl Bromide Transitions Grant "Use of grafted seedlings for methyl bromide transition in U.S. open-field fresh vegetable production" FX This research was supported by the CSREES Methyl Bromide Transitions Grant "Use of grafted seedlings for methyl bromide transition in U.S. open-field fresh vegetable production." Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. The authors would like to acknowledge Amanda Rinehart, Jackie Markle, John Mulvaney, and Kate Rotindo for their technical assistance. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 166 EP 171 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967UG UT WOS:000305932700006 PM 23431109 ER PT J AU Hooks, CRR Wang, KH Meyer, SLF Lekveishvili, M Hinds, J Zobel, E Rosario-Lebron, A Lee-Bullock, M AF Hooks, Cerruti R. R. Wang, Koon-Hui Meyer, Susan L. F. Lekveishvili, Mariam Hinds, Jermaine Zobel, Emily Rosario-Lebron, Armando Lee-Bullock, Mason TI Impact of No-till Cover Cropping of Italian Ryegrass on Above and Below Ground Faunal Communities Inhabiting a Soybean Field with Emphasis on Soybean Cyst Nematodes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; Heterodera glycines; Glycine max; Lotium multiflorum; crop management; soil mite; spider; Plathypena scabra; nematode community ID DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; POPULATION-DENSITIES; SOIL HEALTH; NEW-YORK; ROTATION; CROPS; MITES; WEED AB Two field trials were conducted between 2008 and 2010 in Maryland to evaluate the ability of an Italian ryegrass (IR) (Lolium multiflorum) cover crop to reduce populations of plant-parasitic nematodes while enhancing beneficial nematodes, soil mites and arthropods in the foliage of a no-till soybean (Glycine max) planting. Preplant treatments were: 1) previous year soybean stubble (SBS); and 2) herbicide-killed IR cover crop + previous year soybean stubble (referred to as IR). Heterodera glycines population densities were very low and no significant difference in population densities of glycines or Pratylenchus spp. were observed between IR and SBS. Planting of IR increased abundance of bacterivorous nematodes in 2009. A reverse trend was observed in 2010 where SBS had higher abundance of bacterivorous nematodes and nematode richness at the end of the cover cropping period. Italian ryegrass also did not affect insect pests on soybean foliage. However, greater populations of spiders were found on soybean foliage in IR treatments during both field trials. Potential causes of these findings are discussed. C1 [Hooks, Cerruti R. R.; Lekveishvili, Mariam; Hinds, Jermaine; Zobel, Emily; Rosario-Lebron, Armando; Lee-Bullock, Mason] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Koon-Hui] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Meyer, Susan L. F.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hooks, CRR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM koonhui@hawaii.edu NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 27 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 172 EP 181 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967UG UT WOS:000305932700007 PM 23430284 ER PT J AU Kroese, D Zasada, IA Ingham, RE AF Kroese, Duncan Zasada, Inga A. Ingham, Russell E. TI Comparison of Meldola's Blue Staining and Hatching Assay with Potato Root Diffusate for Assessment of Globodera sp Egg Viability SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyst nematode; egg hatch; Glebodera; juvenile; Meldola's Blue; method; potato root diffusate ID CYST-NEMATODE; ROSTOCHIENSIS; PALLIDA AB Laboratory-based methods to test egg viability include staining with Meldola's Blue and/or juvenile (J2) hatching assays using potato root diffusate (PRD). These two methods have not been tested under identical conditions to directly compare their assessments of Globodera egg viability. Using two bioassay strategies, cysts from a Glabodera sp. population found in Oregon were subjected to both viability assessment methods. In strategy one, intact cysts were first stained with Meldola's Blue (primary staining) and eggs were then transferred to PRD (secondary hatching). In the second strategy, intact cysts were exposed to PRD (primary hatching) and then unhatched eggs were transferred to Meldola's Blue (secondary staining). Two different cohorts of cysts were evaluated using these experimental strategies: cohort I was comprised Of cysts produced on potato in the greenhouse that exhibited low hatch when exposed to PRD and cohort 2 consisted of field-collected cysts whose eggs yielded significant hatch when exposed to PRD Percentage viability was calculated and is expressed as the number of hatched J2 or unstained eggs/total number of eggs within a cyst. With field-produced cysts, primary staining with Meldola's Blue and hatching with PRD produced similar viability estimates, with averages of 74.9% and 76.3%, respectively. In contrast, with greenhouse-produced cysts the two methods yielded much lower and unequal estimates 32.4% to 2.2%, respectively for primary hatching and staining methods. In addition, J2 hatch from Unstained (viable) greenhouse-produced eggs was 13.7% after secondary exposure to PRD compared to 61.5% for field-produced eggs. The majority of eggs remaining unhatched after primary exposure to PRD (> 87%) stained with Meldola's Blue regardless of cyst cohort. Staining with Meldola's Blue provided a conservative assessment of egg viability compared to hatch assay with PRD regardless of diapause. C1 [Kroese, Duncan; Ingham, Russell E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zasada, Inga A.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Kroese, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Cordley 2082, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM inga.zasada@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967UG UT WOS:000305932700008 PM 23429205 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Leskey, TC Wright, SE AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Leskey, Tracy C. Wright, Starker E. TI Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar: Effects of Strain, Temperature, and Soil Type SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Conotrachelus nenuphar; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; plum curculio; Steinernema ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; STEINERNEMA-KRAUSSEI; APPLE ORCHARDS; FIELD EFFICACY; WEEVIL; LARVAE; INFECTIVITY; SUPPRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The plum curculio, Conotrachelas nenuphar, is a major pest of stone and pome fruit (e.g., apples, pears, peaches, cherries, etc.). Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp.) may be used to control the larval stage of C. nenuphar following fruit drop. Indeed, certain entomopathogenic nematodes species have previously been shown to be highly effective in killing C. nenuphar larvae in laboratory and field trials. In field trials conducted in the Southeastern, USA, Steinernema riobrave has thus far been shown to be the most effective species. However, due to lower soil temperatures, other entomopathogenic nematode strains or species may be more appropriate for use against C. nenuphar in the insect's northern range. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a broad screening of entomopathogenic nematodes. Under laboratory conditions, we determined the virulence of 13 nematode strains (comprising nine species) in two different soils (a loam and clay-loam) and three different temperatures (12 C, 18 C, and 25 C). Superior virulence was observed in S. feltiae (SN strain), S. rarum (17 C&E strain), and S. riobrave (355 strain). Promising levels of virulence were also observed in others including H. indica (HOM1 strain), H. bacteriophora (Oswego strain), S. kraussei, and S. carpocapsae (Sal strain). All nematode treatments were affected by temperature with the highest virulence observed at the highest temperature (25 degrees C). In future research, field tests will be used to further narrow down the Most suitable nematode species for C. nemtphar control. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Leskey, Tracy C.; Wright, Starker E.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA-SCRI [2009-51181-06005] FX The authors thank Terri Brearley, Leigh Ann Colley, Wanda Evans and Torri Hancock for technical assistance, and the USDA-NIFA-SCRI Grant # 2009-51181-06005 for funding a portion of this research. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967UG UT WOS:000305932700009 PM 23430967 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Riley, RT Jackson, LS Jablonski, JE Bianchini, A Bullerman, LB Hanna, MA Ryu, D AF Voss, Kenneth A. Riley, Ronald T. Jackson, Lauren S. Jablonski, Joseph E. Bianchini, Andreia Bullerman, Lloyd B. Hanna, Milford A. Ryu, Dojin TI Extrusion cooking with glucose supplementation of fumonisin-contaminated corn grits protects against nephrotoxicity and disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in rats SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Extrusion cooking; Fumonisin; In vivo toxicity; Sphinganine; Sphinganine 1-phosphate ID SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUSION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; B6C3F(1) MICE; B-1; TOXICITY; CARCINOGENICITY; ACCUMULATION; PRODUCT; KIDNEY AB Scope: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin found in maize and maize-based foods. It causes animal diseases and is a suspected risk factor for cancer and birth defects in humans. Extrusion cooking reduces FB1 concentrations in maize however toxicity caused by unknown degradation or FB1-matrix reaction products might persist. Methods and results: To test the efficacy of extrusion to reduce FB1 toxicity, Fusarium verticillioides fermented corn (= maize) grits (Batch-1=9.7 ppm FB1; Batch-2=50 ppm FB1) were extruded without (Batch-1E; Batch-2E) or with 10% glucose supplementation (Batch-1EG; Batch-2EG). FB1 concentrations were reduced 64% (Batch-2E) to 94% (Batch-1EG) after cooking. When the uncooked and processed grits were fed (50% w/w in rodent chow) to rats for up to 8 weeks, FB1 intakes averaged 354, 103, and 25.1 cg/kg body weight/day for Batch-1, Batch-1E and Batch-1EG and 1804, 698, and 222 cg/kg body weight/day for the Batch-2, Batch-2E and Batch-2EG, respectively. Nephrotoxicity including apoptotic lesions and elevated sphingoid base concentrations decreased in a dose-dependent manner in groups fed Batch-1, Batch-1E, Batch-2, Batch-2E, or Batch-2EG and was absent in the Batch-1EG group. Conclusion: Extrusion cooking, especially with glucose supplementation, is potentially useful to reduce FB1 concentrations and toxicity of FB1-contaminated maize. C1 [Voss, Kenneth A.; Riley, Ronald T.] ARS, USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Jackson, Lauren S.; Jablonski, Joseph E.] FDA Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL USA. [Bianchini, Andreia; Bullerman, Lloyd B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ryu, Dojin] Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Denton, TX 76204 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ken.Voss@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35201-16329] FX This study was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant #2005-35201-16329 The expert technical assistance of M. Vongkunthong, N. Stewart, J. Showker and E. Wray are gratefully acknowledged. We thank S. Bush and colleagues in the Pathology Department, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA for the clinical laboratory procedures. The pioneering work of S. Hendrich, P. Murphy and colleagues on the use of reducing sugars as a fumonisin detoxification strategy is acknowledged. References to their investigations are subsumed in the cited literature. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1613-4125 EI 1613-4133 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 55 SU 2 SI SI BP S312 EP S320 DI 10.1002/mnfr.201100067 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 931VF UT WOS:000303246700017 PM 21648070 ER PT J AU Guan, YT Stephens, M AF Guan, Yongtao Stephens, Matthew TI BAYESIAN VARIABLE SELECTION REGRESSION FOR GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES AND OTHER LARGE-SCALE PROBLEMS SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian regression; variable selection; shrinkage; genome-wide; association study; multi-SNP analysis; heritability ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; LINEAR-REGRESSION; MODEL; HERITABILITY; DETERMINANTS; POPULATIONS; GENOTYPES; MARKERS; HNF1A AB We consider applying Bayesian Variable Selection Regression, or BVSR, to genome-wide association studies and similar large-scale regression problems. Currently, typical genome-wide association studies measure hundreds of thousands, or millions, of genetic variants (SNPs), in thousands or tens of thousands of individuals, and attempt to identify regions harboring SNPs that affect some phenotype or outcome of interest. This goal can naturally be cast as a variable selection regression problem, with the SNPs as the covariates in the regression. Characteristic features of genome-wide association studies include the following: (i) a focus primarily on identifying relevant variables, rather than on prediction; and (ii) many relevant covariates may have tiny effects, making it effectively impossible to confidently identify the complete "correct" subset of variables. Taken together, these factors put a premium on having interpretable measures of confidence for individual covariates being included in the model, which we argue is a strength of BVSR compared with alternatives such as penalized regression methods. Here we focus primarily on analysis of quantitative phenotypes, and on appropriate prior specification for BVSR in this setting, emphasizing the idea of considering what the priors imply about the total proportion of variance in outcome explained by relevant covariates. We also emphasize the potential for BVSR to estimate this proportion of variance explained, and hence shed light on the issue of "missing heritability" in genome-wide association studies. More generally, we demonstrate that, despite the apparent computational challenges, BVSR can provide useful inferences in these large-scale problems, and in our simulations produces better power and predictive performance compared with standard single-SNP analyses and the penalized regression method LASSO. Methods described here are implemented in a software package, pi-MASS, available from the Guan Lab website http://bcm.edu/cnrc/mcmcmc/pimass. C1 [Guan, Yongtao] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Guan, Yongtao] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stephens, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Guan, YT (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza,1100 Bates St,Ste 2070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM yongtaog@bcm.edu; mstephens@uchicago.edu FU NIH [HG02585, HL084689] FX Supported by NIH Grants HG02585 and HL084689. NR 46 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 33 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 3 BP 1780 EP 1815 DI 10.1214/11-AOAS455 PG 36 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 893UR UT WOS:000300382500004 ER PT J AU McGee, BB Johnson, GS Yadrick, MK Richardson, V Simpson, PM Gossett, JM Thornton, A Johnson, C Bogle, ML AF McGee, Bernestine B. Johnson, Glenda S. Yadrick, M. Kathleen Richardson, Valerie Simpson, Pippa M. Gossett, Jeffrey M. Thornton, Alma Johnson, Crystal Bogle, Margaret L. TI Food Shopping Perceptions, Behaviors, and Ability to Purchase Healthful Food Items in the Lower Mississippi Delta SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE shopping perceptions; food supply; rural; attitudes ID DIETARY-INTAKE; FRUIT; NUTRITION; US; CONSUMPTION; ATTITUDES; CHOICES; ACCESS; AVAILABILITY; COMMUNITIES AB Objective: To examine the agreement between perceptions, behaviors, and ability to purchase healthful food in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD). Design: A regional food store survey of healthful food options in supermarkets, small/medium stores, and convenience stores. Focus group discussions were conducted on shopping perceptions and behaviors. Setting: Counties in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Participants: Eighty-one LMD residents, 18-60+ years of age. Main Outcome Measure: Perceptions of healthful food and ability to acquire these food items across store types. Analysis: Focus group data were analyzed using thematic coding. Summary food store statistics were weighted, and estimates were constructed using SUDAAN 9. Data triangulation was achieved by comparing focus group findings with food availability data. Results: A majority (> 85%) of supermarkets had selected vegetables, breads, and cereals perceived as healthful, whereas availability was limited in small to medium grocery stores and convenience stores. Skim milk, perceived as healthful, was limited in all store types. Conclusions and Implications: Limited availability and perceived costs of healthful food in the LMD influenced purchasing behaviors. Attitudes and perceptions should be incorporated into intervention development to improve food choices in conjunction with increasing the availability of healthful food in the LMD. C1 [McGee, Bernestine B.; Johnson, Glenda S.; Richardson, Valerie; Thornton, Alma; Johnson, Crystal] Southern Univ, Human Nutr & Food Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [McGee, Bernestine B.; Johnson, Glenda S.; Richardson, Valerie; Thornton, Alma; Johnson, Crystal] A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Yadrick, M. Kathleen] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Simpson, Pippa M.] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Gossett, Jeffrey M.] Med Coll Milwaukee, Childrens Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Bogle, Margaret L.] Agr Res Serv, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, USDA, SPA, Little Rock, AR USA. RP McGee, BB (reprint author), Southern Univ, Human Nutr & Food Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. EM Bernestine_mcgee@subr.edu FU Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture [6251-53000-002-00D] FX This research was funded by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Project No. 6251-53000-002-00D. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 43 IS 5 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.10.007 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 890WY UT WOS:000300178000007 PM 21795120 ER PT J AU Nielsen, M Buffington, M AF Nielsen, M. Buffington, M. TI Redescription of Stentorceps Quinlan, 1984 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), with a description of five new species SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE revision; parasitoid; Trichoplastini; Afrotropical ID EUCOILINAE HYMENOPTERA; CYNIPOIDEA; GENUS; REVISION; PHYLOGENY; DIPTERA; GENERA AB The Afrotropical eucoiline genus Stentorceps, described in 1984, has remained monotypic until now. Stentorceps is herein redescribed using recent field collections from Kenya and Madagascar. Stentorceps tubicen Quinlan is redescribed, and the new species S. abbotti, S. heimdalli, S. vuvuzela, S. weedlei and S. zuparkoi are described. Stentorceps heimdalli, S. weedlei and S. zuparkoi extend the range of Stentorceps to Nigeria, Madagascar, Rwanda, Somalia and South Africa. The descriptions and keys provide a foundation for future taxonomic and biological investigations. C1 [Buffington, M.] Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Nielsen, M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Buffington, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0072713, DEB-0344731]; SEM Lab, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C; National Museum of Natural History FX We thank R. Bagine, Director of Research, Kenya Wildlife Service for granting R.S. Copeland permission to sample in Kenyan National Parks and Reserves. H. Oyieke, Head of Collections and Research, National Museums of Kenya, was instrumental in granting permission to loan insects for study. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DEB-0072713 to B.L. Fisher and C.E. Griswold and DEB-0344731 to B.L. Fisher and P.S. Ward. Fieldwork in Madagascar that provided the basis for part of this work could not have been completed without the gracious support of the Malagasy people. R. Zuparko and B. Fisher (CAS) provided specimens from Madagascar. At The Natural History Museum (London), D. Notton provided loans of S. tubicen type specimens from the collection, and A. Polaszek assisted M. Buffington with conducting research. L. Masner and J. Read (CNCI) generously loaned specimens that greatly expanded the known range of Stentorceps. S. Whittaker (SEM Lab, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.) provided SEM training and support for M. Nielsen. M. Pogue, T. Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS/USDA, Washington, D.C.), L. Masner (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada), M. Forshage (Department of Entomology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden) and S. van Noort (Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa) provided extremely useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We would also like to thank E. Cottrell, G. Hunt and V. Power (programme coordinators, Natural History Research Experience Program, National Museum of Natural History) for running the 2010 NHRE program, and C. Samper (National Museum of Natural History) for providing funding. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 EI 1026-4914 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 597 EP 613 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881CV UT WOS:000299459000005 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Giliomee, JH AF Miller, D. R. Giliomee, J. H. TI Systematic revision of the mealybug genus Delottococcus Cox & Ben-Dov (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coccoidea; Africa; key; taxonomy ID COCCOIDEA AB A systematic revision of the mealybug genus Delottococcus Cox & Ben-Dov is presented. Nine species are treated, including D. millari which is described as new. The eight previously described species are: Delottococcus aberiae (De Lotto), D. confusus (De Lotto), D. elisabethae (Brain), D. euphorbiae (Ezzat & McConnell), D. phylicus (De Lotto), D. proteae (Hall), D. quaesitus (Brain), and D. trichiliae (Brain). Adult females of all species are described and illustrated and a key for their identification is presented. In the past, specimens determined as D. elisabethae have been recorded from citrus and other hosts, but these appear to be misidentifications of D. aberiae. Delottococcus elisabethae is only known from the original collection. As invasive species, D. confusus is reported from California and Hawaii, D. aberiae from Spain, and D. euphorbiae from France, Italy, and Sicily. C1 [Giliomee, J. H.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Miller, D. R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Giliomee, JH (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Private Bag 11, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. EM jhg@sun.ac.za NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 614 EP 640 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881CV UT WOS:000299459000006 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Liow, PS Lembi, CA AF Spencer, David F. Liow, Pui-Sze Lembi, Carole A. TI Growth response to temperature and light in Nostoc spongiaeforme (Cyanobacteria) SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rice field; algae growth rates; water temperature; underwater light ID CALIFORNIA RICE FIELDS; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PIGMENTS AB Cyanobacteria and algae are problematic in California rice fields that are typically shallow and have high nutrient levels, providing ideal growing conditions. Nostoc spongiaeforme is a problem because extensive floating mats dislodge rice seedlings or smother them when the mats accumulate in windward areas. There is little published information on growth requirements for N. spongiaeforme. We grew N. spongiaeforme in BG-11 medium at 24 combinations of light (22, 87, 162, and 400 mu M m(-2) s(-1)) and temperatures (10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, and 35 degrees C). Results were summarized as a quadratic equation relating light and temperature to growth and indicate that optimal growth occurred at 26 degrees C and 227 mu M m(-2) s(-1) of light. Thus, N. spongiaeforme grows well at water temperatures and light levels similar to those measured in rice fields during the critical 30 days following initial flooding of the field. C1 [Spencer, David F.; Liow, Pui-Sze] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit,Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lembi, Carole A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit,Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM david.spencer@ars.usda.gov FU California Rice Research Board FX This study was supported by a grant from the California Rice Research Board. Mention of a manufacturer does not constitute a warranty or guarantee of the product by the US Department of Agriculture nor an endorsement over other products not mentioned. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.559745 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 865CK UT WOS:000298288200006 ER PT J AU Blackburn, HD Toishibekov, Y Toishibekov, M Welsh, CS Spiller, SF Brown, M Paiva, SR AF Blackburn, H. D. Toishibekov, Y. Toishibekov, M. Welsh, C. S. Spiller, S. F. Brown, M. Paiva, S. R. TI Genetic diversity of Ovis aries populations near domestication centers and in the New World SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Sheep; Conservation of genetic resources; Kazakhstan ID SHEEP BREEDS; MICROSATELLITE; ANIMALS; ALLELES; PROGRAM; CHINA; FLOW AB Domestic sheep in Kazakhstan may provide an interesting source of genetic variability due to their proximity to the center of domestication and the Silk Route. Additionally, those breeds have never been compared to New World sheep populations. This report compares genetic diversity among five Kazakhstan (KZ) and 13 United States (US) sheep breeds (N = 442) using 25 microsatellite markers from the FAO panel. The KZ breeds had observed and expected measures of heterozygosity greater than 0.60 and an average number of alleles per locus of 7.8. In contrast, US sheep breeds had observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.37 to 0.62 and had an average number of alleles of 5.7. A Bayesian analysis indicated there were two primary populations (K = 2). Surprisingly, the US breeds were near evenly split between the two clusters, while all of the KZ breeds were placed in one of the two clusters. Pooling breeds within country of sample origin showed KZ and US populations to have similar levels of expected heterozygosity and the average number of alleles per locus. The results of breeds pooled within country suggest that there was no difference between countries for these diversity measures using this set of neutral markers. This finding suggests that populations' geographically isolated from centers of domestication can be more diverse than previously thought, and as a result, conservation strategies can be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, these results suggest there may be limited need for countries to alter the protocols for trade and exchange of animal genetic resources that are in place today, since no one population has a unique set of private alleles. C1 [Blackburn, H. D.; Welsh, C. S.; Spiller, S. F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Brown, M.] USDA ARS, Grazing Lands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Paiva, S. R.] EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol EMBRAPA Genet, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Blackburn, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM Harvey.blackburn@ars.usda.gov RI Paiva, Samuel/G-6404-2012 OI Paiva, Samuel/0000-0001-6687-2491 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD SEP PY 2011 VL 139 IS 9 BP 1169 EP 1178 DI 10.1007/s10709-011-9619-4 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 869OO UT WOS:000298607800009 PM 22105875 ER PT J AU da Silva, KVP Alves, AAD Martins, MIG de Melo, CAF de Carvalho, R AF Pessoa da Silva, Kaliny Veiga da Cunha Alves, Alfredo Augusto Gomes Martins, Maria Isabel Ferreira de Melo, Clausio Antonio de Carvalho, Reginaldo TI Genetic variation among accessions of the genus Manihot by ISSR markers SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA Portuguese DT Article DE germplasm; genetic diversity; cassava; polymorphism ID CASSAVA; AMPLIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; PRIMERS; ORIGIN; L. AB The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among accessions of Manihot by using ISSR markers. Five species and two varieties of Manihot, besides two species of the genus Croton, used as the out-group, were analyzed by using 20 oligonucleotide (Olii) ISSR UBC primers. To analyze the similarity index between species and accessions, the Jaccard and simple matching coefficients were used. The 20 Olii tested were highly polymorphic in all species analyzed, and 89.7% of the loci were polymorphic. A higher genetic variability is observed among different species of Manihot, such as M. dichotoma var. undulata and M. caerulescens, than among individuals of the same species, such as M. dichotoma and M. dichotoma var. undulata. C1 [Pessoa da Silva, Kaliny Veiga; de Carvalho, Reginaldo] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco UFRPE, Dept Biol Genet, Lab Genet Bioquim & Sequenciamento DNA, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [da Cunha Alves, Alfredo Augusto] ARS, Embrapa Labex USA, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gomes Martins, Maria Isabel] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Programa Posgrad Biotecnol, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Ferreira de Melo, Clausio Antonio] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Programa Posgrad Genet & Biol Mol, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. RP da Silva, KVP (reprint author), Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco UFRPE, Dept Biol Genet, Lab Genet Bioquim & Sequenciamento DNA, Ave Dom Manuel de Medeiros S-N, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM kalinyveiga@hotmail.com; alfredo.alves@embrapa.br; belgomes@gmail.com; clausiomelo@gmail.com; reginaldo.ufrpe@gmail.com NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA DF PA EMBRAPA INFORMACAO TECNOLOGICA, PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA - PAB, CAIXA POSTAL 040315, 70770-901 BRASILIA DF, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1082 EP 1088 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 862OZ UT WOS:000298104100016 ER PT J AU Samson, RA Yilmaz, N Houbraken, J Spierenburg, H Seifert, KA Peterson, SW Varga, J Frisvad, JC AF Samson, R. A. Yilmaz, N. Houbraken, J. Spierenburg, H. Seifert, K. A. Peterson, S. W. Varga, J. Frisvad, J. C. TI Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anamorph; DNA phylogeny; single name nomenclature; teleomorph; Trichocomaceae ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUNGAL METABOLITES; SP-NOV; ASPERGILLUS; GEOSMITHIA; MYCOTOXINS; SEQUENCE; AZAPHILONES; EUPENICILLIUM; SPECTABILIS AB The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified in Talaromyces. To supplement previous conclusions based on ITS, SSU and/or LSU sequencing that Talaromyces and subgenus Biverticillium comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from Penicillium at the generic level, the phylogenetic relationships of these two groups with other genera of Trichocomaceae was further studied by sequencing a part of the RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) gene. Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium sensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium. For detailed phylogenetic analysis of species relationships, the ITS region (incl. 5.8S nrDNA) was sequenced for the available type strains and/or representative isolates of Talaromyces and related biverticillate anamorphic species. Extrolite profiles were compiled for all type strains and many supplementary cultures. All evidence supports our conclusions that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is distinct from other subgenera in Penicillium and should be taxonomically unified with the Talaromyces species that reside in the same clade. Following the concepts of nomenclatural priority and single name nomenclature, we transfer all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces. A holomorphic generic diagnosis for the expanded concept of Talaromyces, including teleomorph and anamorph characters, is provided. A list of accepted Talaromyces names and newly combined Penicillium names is given. Species of biotechnological and medical importance, such as P funiculosum and P marneffei, are now combined in Talaromyces. Excluded species and taxa that need further taxonomic study are discussed. An appendix lists other generic names, usually considered synonyms of Penicillium sensu late that were considered prior to our adoption of the name Talaromyces. C1 [Samson, R. A.; Yilmaz, N.; Houbraken, J.; Spierenburg, H.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Seifert, K. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Biodivers Mycol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Peterson, S. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Varga, J.] Univ Szeged, Fac Sci & Informat, Dept Microbiol, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. [Frisvad, J. C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Yilmaz, N.; Houbraken, J.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Biol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Samson, RA (reprint author), CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. EM r.samson@cbs.knaw.nl NR 112 TC 109 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 46 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 85167, 3508 AD UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PD SEP PY 2011 IS 70 BP 159 EP 183 DI 10.3114/sim.2011.70.04 PG 25 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 864XO UT WOS:000298274000004 PM 22308048 ER PT J AU Viancelli, A Kunz, A Esteves, PA Bauermann, FV Furukawa, K Fujii, T Antonio, RV Vanotti, M AF Viancelli, Aline Kunz, Airton Esteves, Paulo Augusto Bauermann, Fernando Vicosa Furukawa, Kenji Fujii, Takao Antonio, Regina Vasconcellos Vanotti, Matias TI Bacterial Biodiversity from an Anaerobic up Flow Bioreactor with ANAMMOX Activity Inoculated with Swine Sludge SO BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANAMMOX; anaerobic pond; sequencing; swine manure ID AMMONIUM-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; OXIDATION; REACTOR AB The present study aimed to describe the bacterial community present at an anaerobic up flow bioreactor with ANAMMOX activity, inoculated with the sludge from the anaerobic pond of a swine slurry treatment system. The description was based on the molecular DNA techniques using primers for amplification of complete 16S rRNA gene and also new primers to amplify smaller fragments from 16S rRNA. During the bioreactor operation time, the bacterial community changed significantly, increasing the nitrogen removal efficiency, reaching after 500 days a removal rate of 94%. The complete PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene generated 17 clones, where three presented similarity with Candidatus Jettenia asiatica (97%), twelve with Janthinobacterium (99%) and two with uncultured clones. The PCR amplification of 436 base pairs had generated 12 clones, of which eight presented 96-100% similarity with Candidatus Anammoxoglobus propionicus, Planctomycete KSU-1 and one with Pseudomonas sp. (99%) and three with uncultured clones. C1 [Kunz, Airton; Esteves, Paulo Augusto] Embrapa Suinos & Aves, Concordia, SC, Brazil. [Viancelli, Aline] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Bauermann, Fernando Vicosa] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Vet, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Furukawa, Kenji] Univ Kurokami, Grad Sch Sci & Technol Kumamoto, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Kumamoto, Japan. [Fujii, Takao] Sojo Univ, Fac Biotechnol & Life Sci, Dept Appl Life Sci, Ikeda, Kumamoto 8600082, Japan. [Antonio, Regina Vasconcellos] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Bioquim, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Vanotti, Matias] ARS, USDA, Florence, SC USA. RP Kunz, A (reprint author), Embrapa Suinos & Aves, Concordia, SC, Brazil. EM airton@cnpsa.embrapa.br NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU INST TECNOLOGIA PARANA PI CURITIBA-PARANA PA RUA PROF ALGACYR MUNHOZ MADER 3775-CIC, 81350-010 CURITIBA-PARANA, BRAZIL SN 1516-8913 J9 BRAZ ARCH BIOL TECHN JI Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1041 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 857YL UT WOS:000297761500022 ER PT J AU McCune, B Schoch, C Root, HT Kageyama, SA Miadlikowska, J AF McCune, Bruce Schoch, Conrad Root, Heather T. Kageyama, Stacie A. Miadlikowska, Jolanta TI Geographic, climatic, and chemical differentiation in the Hypogymnia imshaugii species complex (Lecanoromycetes, Parmeliaceae) in North America SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Chemotypes; DNA sequences; Hypogymnia amplexa; lichenized ascomycetes; lichen substances; nonparametric multiplicative regression; Parmeliaceae ID LICHEN; PRIMERS; ECOLOGY; TERRAIN; FUNGAL; MODELS; DNA AB Hypogymnia imshaugii is one of the most common, conspicuous and morphologically variable epiphytic lichens of the Pacific coastal states and provinces. The species varies greatly in morphology and chemistry, suggesting multiple closely related species or one or more phenotypically plastic species. We sought to determine whether additional ecologically meaningful species might be present within the H. imshaugii complex. Improving our species concepts could potentially improve ecological inferences based on community sampling. Three relatively well-defined genetic groups and one residual group in the H. imshaugii complex were detected with haplotype networks based on the ITS locus; however, phylogenetic reconstructions on combined ITS, mtSSU, GPD1 and TEF1 loci did not reflect this pattern. At present, we have insufficient evidence to support defining any of these groups as new taxa. The four major chemotypes in H. imshaugii differed in frequency among the genetic groups. None of the genetic groups was, however, qualitatively uniform in chemotype. Only one chemotype occurred in a single genetic group, but several chemotypes occurred in that group. While broadly sympatric, each chemotype had a distinct geographic distribution, and each chemotype showed its own relationship to climate, as shown by regression of occurrences of chemotypes against climatic variables. The genetic variation detected within H. imshaugii did not correspond to geographic variation in morphology, chemistry, or climate. Within the broader H. imshaugii complex, we recommend treating H. amplexa as a synonym of H. imshaugii unless it can be more distinctly separated from the clinal variation in morphology, chemistry, or DNA sequences. In contrast to H. amplexa, however, H. inactiva and H. gracilis are both easily separated morphologically from H. imshaugii and do not intergrade with it. C1 [McCune, Bruce; Schoch, Conrad; Root, Heather T.; Kageyama, Stacie A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schoch, Conrad] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kageyama, Stacie A.] USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Miadlikowska, Jolanta] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP McCune, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Bruce.McCune@science.oregonstate.edu RI Schoch, Conrad/J-4825-2012 FU USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon; NSF [DEB-0228668] FX We thank curators of ASU, BM, COLO, DUKE, H, MIN, MONT, MONTU, NY, OSC, S, SBBG, UBC, UC, UCR, UPS, US, WIS, and WTU who kindly cooperated with loans and visits, Desiree Johnson and Sara McCune for laboratory assistance, Joey Spatafora for use of his laboratory facilities, and Chicita Culberson for her advice on lichen substances. Thanks to the many people provided specimens, including Curtis Bjork, Trevor Goward, Jill Grenon, Sarah Jovan, Dave Kofranek, Kerry Knudsen, Eric Peterson, Jennifer Riddell, Jim Riley, and Daphne Stone. We thank Sergio Perez-Ortega and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions. This work was funded in part by a cooperative agreement with the USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon and by NSF Assembling the Tree of Life (ATOL) award DEB-0228668 to JM. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOC INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC-TRES, ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD FAL PY 2011 VL 114 IS 3 BP 526 EP 544 DI 10.1639/0007-2745-114.3.526 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 855MO UT WOS:000297568700008 ER PT J AU Rand, TA Waters, DK Shanower, TG AF Rand, Tatyana A. Waters, Debra K. Shanower, Thomas G. TI Unexpectedly high levels of parasitism of wheat stem sawfly larvae in postcutting diapause chambers SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BRACON-LISSOGASTER HYMENOPTERA; CEPHIDAE AB We examined rates of late-season parasitism of larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), by native species of Brucon F. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) over 8 years in Montana and North Dakota, United States of America. We found that rates of parasitism of larvae in diapause chambers reached a maximum of 46%, exceeding the previously reported maximum of 2.5% in 75% of sites and years examined. In contrast to previous work, our results demonstrate that C. cinctus larvae are suitable hosts for braconid parasitoids, even after the formation of diapause chambers, and suggest that parasitism rates may be underestimated if stems are sampled prior to harvest. C1 [Rand, Tatyana A.; Waters, Debra K.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Shanower, Thomas G.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Rand, TA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM tatyana.rand@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 143 IS 5 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.4039/n11-023 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 852XG UT WOS:000297390200003 ER PT J AU Windes, TC AF Windes, Thomas C. TI A Dendrochronological Study of Nineteenth-Century San Miguel del Vado and San Jose del Vado in Northeastern New Mexico SO NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Windes, Thomas C.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Windes, TC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1013 MESA VISTA HALL, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1186 USA SN 0028-6206 J9 NEW MEX HIST REV JI N. M. Hist. Rev. PD FAL PY 2011 VL 86 IS 4 BP 461 EP 489 PG 29 WC History SC History GA 849QX UT WOS:000297141300002 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW AF Teske, M. E. Thistle, H. W. TI A COMPARISON OF SINGLE SPRAY PATH GROUND BOOM SPRAYER DEPOSITION PATTERNS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Deposition; Field data; Ground spraying ID DRIFT MODEL AB In a previous article, the authors summarized two ground boom sprayer datasets used for spray drift model development. One dataset contained data collected with four sprayer paths, whereas the other dataset contained data collected with only one sprayer path. Conclusions reached in the technical community regarding these datasets appear to have overlooked this critical piece of information. This technical note summarizes the two datasets on a one-on-one basis, as a way of improving the interpretation and use of these data. C1 [Teske, M. E.] Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. EM milt@continuum-dynamics.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1571 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800002 ER PT J AU Qi, Z Helmers, MJ Malone, RW Thorp, KR AF Qi, Z. Helmers, M. J. Malone, R. W. Thorp, K. R. TI SIMULATING LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF WINTER RYE COVER CROP ON HYDROLOGIC CYCLING AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS FOR A CORN-SOYBEAN CROP SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Corn-soybean rotation; Hydrology; Nitrogen; RZWQM2; Subsurface drainage; Winter rye ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; REDUCE NITRATE LOSS; MOINES LOBE SOILS; TILE-DRAINAGE; HYBRID MODEL; RZWQM-DSSAT; MANAGEMENT; IOWA; CERES; YIELD AB Planting winter cover crops into corn-soybean rotations is a potential approach for reducing subsurface drainage and nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N.) loss. However, the long-term impact of this practice needs investigation. We evaluated the RZWQM2 model against comprehensive field data (2005-2009) in Iowa and used this model to study the long-term (1970-2009) hydrologic and nitrogen cycling effects of a winter cover crop within a corn-soybean rotation. The calibrated RZWQM2 model satisfactorily simulated crop yield, biomass, and N uptake with percent error (PE) within +/- 15% and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) <30% except for soybean biomass and rye N uptake. Daily and annual drainage and annual NO(3)-N loss were simulated satisfactorily, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) >0.50, ratio of RMSE to standard error (RSR) <0.70, and percent bias (PBIAS) within +/- 25% except for the overestimation of annual drainage and NO(3)-N in CTRL2. The simulation in soil water storage was unsatisfactory but comparable to other studies. Long-term simulations showed that adding rye as a winter cover crop reduced annual subsurface drainage and NO(3)-N loss by 11% (2.9 cm) and 22% (11.8 kg N ha(-1)), respectively, and increased annual ET by 5% (2.9 cm). Results suggest that introducing winter rye cover crops to corn-soybean rotations is a promising approach to reduce N loss front subsurface drained agricultural systems. However, simulated N immobilization under the winter cover crop was not increased, which is inconsistent with a lysimeter study previously reported in the literature. Therefore, further research is needed to refine the simulation of immobilization in cover crop systems using RZWQM2 under a wider range of weather conditions. C1 [Qi, Z.; Helmers, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Thorp, K. R.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Qi, Z (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 111 Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Zhiming.Qi@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1575 EP 1588 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800003 ER PT J AU Licciardello, F Rossi, CG Srinivasan, R Zimbone, SM Barbagallo, S AF Licciardello, F. Rossi, C. G. Srinivasan, R. Zimbone, S. M. Barbagallo, S. TI HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF A MEDITERRANEAN WATERSHED USING THE SWAT MODEL WITH MULTIPLE PET ESTIMATION METHODS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE FAO-56 P-M; Potential evapotranspiration; Surface runoff; SWAT; Watershed modeling ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; SOIL-EROSION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RUNOFF; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SIMULATION; FLOW; QUANTIFICATION AB The Penman-Monteith (P-M) method suggested by the Food Agricultural Organization in irrigation and drainage paper 56 (FAO-56 P-M) was used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool's (SWAT) water balance simulation at the outlet of an experimental watershed in Sicily, Italy. A sensitivity analysis determined that the model was more sensitive to this potential evapotranspiration (PET) parameter than to the other six parameters impacting surface runoff in this small Mediterranean watershed. The FAO-56 P-M method was compared to the three existing SWAT PET methods from 1997 to 2003. The watershed's water balance was more realistically simulated by the FAO-56 P-M method than by the other PET methods. The traditional P-M method incorporated into SWAT overestimated total (surface and base flow) runoff volumes observed during the entire period by approximately 50%; however, total runoff volumes were underestimated by only 17% when the FAO-56 P-M method was used. The surface runoff simulation results using the FAO-56 P-M PET equation for calculating daily values was sufficient at the monthly time interval (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency >0.75) during the calibration and validation periods. The incorporation of the FAO-56 P-M method has broadened the SWAT model's applicability to watersheds that are in semi-arid environments with high-intensity, short-duration rainfall events. C1 [Licciardello, F.; Barbagallo, S.] Univ Catania, Dept Agri Food & Environm Syst Management, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Rossi, C. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX USA. [Zimbone, S. M.] Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agroforest & Environm Sci & Technol, Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. RP Licciardello, F (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dept Agri Food & Environm Syst Management, Via Santa Sofia 100, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM flicciar@unict.it RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009; OI Zimbone, Santo Marcello/0000-0003-2725-2438; BARBAGALLO, Salvatore/0000-0001-7488-0037; LICCIARDELLO, Feliciana/0000-0003-3316-7731 NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1615 EP 1625 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800006 ER PT J AU Qiu, H Huggins, DR Wu, JQ Barber, ME McCool, DK Dun, S AF Qiu, H. Huggins, D. R. Wu, J. Q. Barber, M. E. McCool, D. K. Dun, S. TI RESIDUE MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON FIELD-SCALE SNOW DISTRIBUTION AND SOIL WATER STORAGE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Conventional tillage; No tillage; Snow capture; Snow drifting; Snow water equivalent; Soil water; Standing stubble ID WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; MICROCLIMATE; EFFICIENCY; SURVIVAL; MOISTURE; EROSION; CLIMATE AB Spatial variation of soil water affects crop performance, fertilizer use efficiencies, and other important economic and environmental factors. Soil water storage could be increased and field variability reduced by residue management practices such as no tillage (NT), as surface residues can retain more snow, enhance water infiltration, and reduce evaporation as compared to conventional tillage (CT). Our objectives were to evaluate the residue effects on snow distribution and the spatial variation of soil water storage for two adjacent fields near Pullman, Washington: one under NT, and the other under CT The fields were surveyed during the winter and spring of 2007-2008 to assess topographic variations in snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil water storage. Standing stubble under NT retained 10 to 20 cm more snow on ridge tops and steeply sloped ground than CT, and the snowpack was distributed more evenly with less spatial variation. SWE followed the same pattern of larger spatial variation in CT than in NT Soil water (0 to 1.5 m) in the spring was lowest for ridge tops and highest in valleys for NT and CT Under NT, however, soil water varied less across different field locations than under CT, and overall water storage was 60, 29, and 13 mm more for NT than CT on ridge top, south slope, and valley locations, respectively. Although many factors can contribute to the spatial variation of soil water, standing wheat residue under NT retained more snow on ridge tops and steeply sloped areas reduced soil water spatial variation, and increased soil water recharge. C1 [Huggins, D. R.; McCool, D. K.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Qiu, H.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Richland, WA USA. [Wu, J. Q.; Dun, S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Barber, M. E.] Washington State Univ, Washington Water Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Huggins, DR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM david.huggins@ars.usda.gov FU Inland Northwest Research Alliance FX We thank Shawn Wetterau and Dave Uberuaga for their extensive involvement and technical assistance in the field work, John Morse, Bill Bowe, and Jon Mathison for their advice on field instrumentation and residue measurement; and Prabhakar Singh, Xiangdong Liu, Li Wang, and Jun Zhou for their help with the snow survey. Funding support from the Inland Northwest Research Alliance is greatly appreciated. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1639 EP 1647 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800008 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Bjorneberg, DL Leytem, AB AF Dungan, R. S. Bjorneberg, D. L. Leytem, A. B. TI EFFECT OF SPRINKLER PRESSURE AND SPRAY PLATE ON CULTURABLE MICROORGANISM CONCENTRATIONS DURING SIMULATED IRRIGATION OF DAIRY WASTEWATER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Culturable; Dairy; Irrigation; Microorganism; Sprinkler; Wastewater ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; ENTERIC BACTERIA; AMMONIA EMISSION; AEROSOLS; SLURRY; TEMPERATURE; OPERATIONS; REDUCTION; INJECTION; VIRUSES AB In this study, we conducted simulated spray irrigation events of dairy wastewater to assess the impact of pressure and sprinkler type on post-sprinkler culturable microorganism concentrations. Dairy wastewater was sampled before and after it was pumped through sprinklers typically used on center-pivot irrigation systems. Three different sprinklers types were used at three different operating pressures to give a range of water drop sizes. The microorganisms quantified in this study were total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, heterotrophic bacteria, and coliphages. In most cases, the pre- and post-sprinkler concentrations were determined to be statistically similar; suggesting that culturable viability was not affected when wastewater flowed through these sprinklers. When an impact was found to occur, there was usually an increase in the post-sprinkler microorganism concentration. While this increase can be attributed to the disruption of microbial aggregates during the spraying process, there was no apparent relationship with pressure setting or spray plate. Understanding impacts at the sprinkler level should be considered an integral part of the dispersion modeling process, as it may influence the number of viable microorganisms that become aerosolized during pressurized irrigation events. C1 [Dungan, R. S.; Bjorneberg, D. L.; Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1669 EP 1673 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800011 ER PT J AU Tuppad, P Douglas-Mankin, KR Lee, T Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG AF Tuppad, P. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. Lee, T. Srinivasan, R. Arnold, J. G. TI SOIL AND WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL (SWAT) HYDROLOGIC/WATER QUALITY MODEL: EXTENDED CAPABILITY AND WIDER ADOPTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic modeling; Hydrology; SWAT; Water quality; Watershed AB This article introduces a special collection of 16 research articles on new developments and applications of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to address various environmental issues at a range of geographic and temporal scales. Highlights include addition of a subdaily erosion and sediment transport algorithm, a biozone module, and a new algorithm for shallow water table depth. Model applications include climate change impact assessments, model adaptation to regional environmental conditions, watershed-scale soil erosion assessments, and linkages to other models. A summary of reported model performance indicates that 85% of daily flow calibration statistics reported in this collection were satisfactory or better, with very good performance in four of the 20 calibration results and in three of the 19 validation results. Details of reported model parameters for calibration of flow and water quality constituents are provided for other SWAT modelers. This collection builds upon a previous ASABE 2010 SWAT Special Collection, demonstrating continued developments to enhance SWAT's capabilities and highlighting SWAT's continued expansion in international applications, especially in Asia. C1 [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Tuppad, P.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Lee, T.; Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Douglas-Mankin, KR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 129 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM krdm@ksu.edu RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 28 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1677 EP 1684 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800012 ER PT J AU Jeong, J Kannan, N Arnold, JG Glick, R Gosselink, L Srinivasan, R Harmel, RD AF Jeong, J. Kannan, N. Arnold, J. G. Glick, R. Gosselink, L. Srinivasan, R. Harmel, R. D. TI DEVELOPMENT OF SUB-DAILY EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ALGORITHMS FOR SWAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Soil erosion; Sub-daily; SWAT; Watershed modeling ID RUNOFF; TEXAS; MODEL; WATERSHEDS; SIMULATION AB New Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) algorithms for simulation of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) such as detention basins, wet ponds, sedimentation filtration ponds, and retention irrigation systems are under development for modeling small/urban watersheds. Modeling stormwater BMPs often requires time steps as small as minutes to realistically capture the instantaneous flow and sediment load coming from upland areas. SWAT2005 uses the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) for modeling upland erosion and sediment load. The MUSLE model is an empirical soil loss equation, which was formulated based on field observations rather than theoretically derived relationships to predict long-term average soil loss. This article presents modified physically based erosion models in SWAT for seamless modeling of erosion processes with the recently developed sub-hourly flow models. In the new algorithms, splash erosion is calculated based on the kinetic energy delivered by raindrops, adapted from the European Sod Erosion Model, and overland flow erosion is estimated using a physically based equation adapted from the Areal Nonpoint-Source Watershed Environment Response Simulation (ANSWERS) model. The Yang model and the Brownlie model were also modified for in-stream sediment muting. The SWAT model with the modified sub-daily sediment algorithms was calibrated and validated each for a one-year period at 15 min intervals with measured data from the USDA-ARS Riesel watersheds in Texas. Results show that SWAT with the sub-daily algorithms performed as well or better in terms of sediment yield prediction than SWAT with the current daily output structure. In addition, SWAT (sub-daily) was able to adequately represent the timing, peak, and duration of sediment transport events. Thus, this initial evaluation indicates that the new sub-daily flow and sediment structure in SWAT is a promising tool for water quality assessment studies in small watersheds or urban watersheds where sub-daily process are so important to quantify. C1 [Jeong, J.; Kannan, N.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, J. G.; Harmel, R. D.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX USA. RP Jeong, J (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jjeong@brc.tamus.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 FU Watershed Protection and Development Review, City of Austin, Texas FX We wish to acknowledge the Watershed Protection and Development Review, City of Austin, Texas, for providing funding for the study. We also thank the associate editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments toward the improvement of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1685 EP 1691 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800013 ER PT J AU Jeong, J Santhi, C Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R Pradhan, S Flynn, K AF Jeong, J. Santhi, C. Arnold, J. G. Srinivasan, R. Pradhan, S. Flynn, K. TI DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR MODELING ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS WITHIN SWAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biozone; Nitrogen; Nutrient; Onsite wastewater systems; Phosphorus; Septic; SWAT ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; SOIL-INFILTRATION SYSTEMS; SOURCE POLLUTION MODELS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; EFFLUENT COMPOSITION; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHORUS; SCALE; FATE; PURIFICATION AB Onsite wastewater systems (OWSs) are a significant source of nonpoint-source pollution to surface and groundwater in both rural and suburban settings. Methods to quantify their effect are therefore important. The mechanics of OWS biogeochemical processes are well studied. However, tools for their assessment, especially at the watershed scale, are limited. As part of this work, modeling capabilities were developed within the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) such that OWSs and their subsequent environmental impacts can be evaluated A case study was initiated on the Hoods Creek watershed in North Carolina to test the new SWAT algorithms. Included were: (1) field-scale simulations of groundwater quantity (water table height) and quality (N, P), (2) Monte Carlo evaluations of OWS service life to evaluate suggested calibration parameters, and (3) assessments of watershed-scale pollutant loadings within the model. Results were then analyzed at both the field and watershed scales. The model performed well in predicting both site groundwater table levels (R(2) = 0.82 and PBIAS = -0.8%) and NO(3)-N concentration in the groundwater (R(2) = 0.76, PBIAS = 2.5%). However, the performance for PO(4)-P simulations was less reliable due to difficulty in representing the mobility of soluble P in the soil. An advanced P algorithm is recommended to address the sophisticated physiochemical properties of soil particles and improve the model's performance. C1 [Jeong, J.; Santhi, C.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX USA. [Pradhan, S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Flynn, K.] Montana Dept Environm Qual, Helena, MT USA. RP Jeong, J (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jjeong@brc.tamus.edu RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 FU Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) FX This research was funded by the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). The authors sincerely express their gratitude to Mr. Eric Regensburger and Mr. Michael Pipp at DEQ for providing constructive suggestions. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1693 EP 1704 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800014 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Arnold, JG Vazquez-Amabile, GG Engel, BA AF Moriasi, D. N. Arnold, J. G. Vazquez-Amabile, G. G. Engel, B. A. TI SHALLOW WATER TABLE DEPTH ALGORITHM IN SWAT: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE DRAINMOD; Simulation; SWAT; Watershed; Water table depth ID MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; STREAMFLOW AB Knowledge of the shallow water table depth (wtd) is crucial in many studies, including determination of optimum irrigation and drainage management systems for agricultural production, farm machine trafficability, and water quality due to agricultural chemical transport and soil salinity. Therefore, it is essential for hydrologic models to accurately simulate wtd. A shallow wtd algorithm, herein called the modified DRAINMOD approach, that relates drainage volume (vol) to wtd, was recently incorporated into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. In the modified DRAINMOD approach, wtd is computed as a function of vol and a water table factor (wt_fctr), which converts vol into wtd. The constant wt_fctr is currently a calibration parameter However, at the watershed scale where there are many fields (hydrologic response units, HRUs), it is difficult if not impossible to determine an optimum wi_fctr value for each HRU through the calibration process. The objectives of this study were to: (1) revise the modified DRAINMOD wtd algorithm in SWAT so that wt_fctr is automatically computed by the model as a function of soil physical properties in order to eliminate determination of wt_fctr through the calibration process, and (2) evaluate the revised modified DRAINMOD wtd algorithm within SWAT using measured wtd data for three observation wells located in forest fields within the Muscatatuck River basin in southeast Indiana. On average, the calibrated wt_fctr yielded daily NSE values of 0.64 and 0.41, PBIAS values of -.13% and -4%, and RMSE values of 0.41 m and 0.59 m during the calibration and validation periods, respectively, for the three observation wells. The automatically computed variable wt_fctr yielded daily NSE values of 0.66 and 0.58, PBIAS values of 4% and 10%, and RMSE values of 0.40 m and 0.50 m during the calibration and validation periods, respectively, for the same observation wells. Based on these model performance results, there were no significant differences between the wtd simulated using the manually calibrated constant and the automatically computed variable wt_fctr values. The automatically computed variable wt_fctr will enable the revised modified DRAINMOD shallow wtd algorithm to be used at the watershed scale. C1 [Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Vazquez-Amabile, G. G.] Univ La Plata, Grad Sch, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Engel, B. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 FU USDA-ARS FX The authors are grateful to Georgie Mitchell and Nancy Sammons for their invaluable assistance with incorporation of the revisions to the modified DRAINMOD approach and the model evaluation. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-ARS. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1705 EP 1711 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800015 ER PT J AU Ryu, J Cho, J Kim, IJ Mun, Y Moon, JP Kim, NW Kim, SJ Kong, DS Lim, KJ AF Ryu, J. Cho, J. Kim, I. J. Mun, Y. Moon, J. P. Kim, N. W. Kim, S. J. Kong, D. S. Lim, K. J. TI ENHANCEMENT OF SWAT-REMM TO SIMULATE REDUCTION OF TOTAL NITROGEN WITH RIPARIAN BUFFER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Riparian buffer; SWAT-REMM; Water quality ID WATER-QUALITY; SEDIMENT YIELD; STRIPS AB In recent years, riparian buffers have become known as one of the most effective best management practices for nonpoint-source pollution. However, establishment of riparian buffer systems with respect to plant species and their position in the buffer zone has not been investigated due to lack of efficient evaluation methods for the analysis of water quality improvement with established riparian buffers. To solve this problem, the SWAT-REMM prototype version was developed by researchers in Canada. In the SWAT-REMM prototype version, many riparian-related input parameters are not directly read from the local input data. Thus, a SWAT-REMM enhancement was developed by improving three major limitations of the prototype version of SWAT-REMM: (1) riparian buffers at designated reaches in the watersheds, (2) riparian buffers using local soil properties at the riparian buffer zone along reaches, and (3) multiple weather stations in a larger-scale watershed. The enhanced SWAT-REMM version was applied to the Bonggok watershed in Korea. This study investigated riparian buffers with different widths (10 m, 5 m, and 1 m) along the slope. Total nitrogen reduction ranged from 14.8% to 54.0% in each catchment for 10 m widths. Total nitrogen reduction ranged from 6.9% to 31.6% in each catchment for 1 m widths. The reduction efficiency was not simply proportional to the width of buffers. This study evaluated the enhanced SWAT-REMM simulation of water quality improvement. Based on this research, the enhanced SWAT-REMM can be used to evaluate water quality improvement by riparian buffers at various watersheds worldwide using local data. In particular, simulation of riparian buffers at user-designated reaches in a watershed enables simulation of riparian buffers in watersheds experiencing frequent flooding where no riparian buffers can be established. It is expected that the enhanced SWAT-REMM can be used to determine economical and environmentally optimum riparian buffer scenarios. C1 [Ryu, J.; Lim, K. J.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Reg Infrastruct Engn, Chunchon, Gangwon Provinc, South Korea. [Cho, J.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Kim, I. J.] Korea Environm Inst, Div Water & Environm, Seoul, South Korea. [Mun, Y.] Korea Environm Inst, Div Strateg Assessment, Seoul, South Korea. [Mun, Y.] Samsung SDS, Sustainabil Strategy Grp, Seoul, South Korea. [Moon, J. P.] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Dept Agr Engn, Suwon, South Korea. [Kim, N. W.] Korea Inst Construct Technol, Water Resources Res Div, Goyang, South Korea. [Kim, S. J.] Konkuk Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Syst Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Kong, D. S.] Kyunggi Univ, Dept Life Sci, Suwon, South Korea. RP Lim, KJ (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Reg Infrastruct Engn, 2 Hyoja Dong, Chunchon, Gangwon Provinc, South Korea. EM kjlim@kangwon.ac.kr FU Korea Ministry of Environment [172-081-004] FX We appreciate Y. Liu, W. Yang, and X. Wang for sharing the SWAT-REMM source codes and modules, and we are grateful for a grant (No. 172-081-004) from the Korea Ministry of Environment for the GAIA Project. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1791 EP 1798 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800023 ER PT J AU Jiao, S Tang, J Johnson, JA Tiwari, G Wang, S AF Jiao, S. Tang, J. Johnson, J. A. Tiwari, G. Wang, S. TI DETERMINING RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING UNIFORMITY OF MIXED BEANS FOR DISINFESTATION TREATMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Dielectric properties; Heating rate; Infestation; Legume; Radio frequency ID IN-SHELL WALNUTS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; INSECT CONTROL; MICROWAVE TREATMENTS; ENERGY; QUALITY; FRUITS AB Chickpeas and lentils are two important legumes grown in the U.S. that need phytosanitary treatments before export to several countries, but it is difficult to artificially infest them with live cowpea weevil for radio frequency (RF) treatment validation. To evaluate the more readily infested black-eyed peas and mung beans as surrogates for chickpeas and lentils, the thermal and dielectric properties of black-eyed peas and mung beans at selected moisture contents were measured and compared with those of chickpeas and lentils. Temperature differences between black-eyed pea and chickpea or between mung bean and lentil were determined in a pilot-scale 27 MHz RF unit. The results showed that the dielectric constant and loss factor of black-eyed pea and mung bean increased with increasing moisture content and temperature, which was in good agreement with the trends observed in chickpea and lentil. After 6 min of RF heating, temperatures in black-eyed pea (moisture content of 8.8% w.b.) were 6 degrees C higher than those in chickpea (moisture content of 7.0% w.b.), while after 10 min of RF heating mung bean temperatures (moisture content of 10.2% w.b.) were 4 degrees C higher than lentil temperatures (moisture content of 7.1% w.b.) under the same treatment conditions. By reducing the moisture contents in black-eyed pea and mung bean to 2.6% and 3.7% w.b., respectively, their final temperatures were about 3.5 degrees C and 3.7 degrees C lower than those of chickpea and lentil. This would result in conservative insect mortality results when using black-eyed pea and mung bean as surrogate hosts for validation of pest control treatments in chickpea and lentil. C1 [Jiao, S.; Tang, J.; Wang, S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Tiwari, G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM shaojin_wang@wsu.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 FU USDA-CSREES [2008-34103-19091]; Washington State University Agricultural Research Center FX This research was supported by grants from USDA-CSREES (2008-34103-19091), and Washington State University Agricultural Research Center. We thank Dr. Mark Casada for reviewing the manuscript and providing constructive suggestions. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1847 EP 1855 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800029 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA AF Brown-Brandl, T. M. Eigenberg, R. A. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LIVESTOCK FEEDING BEHAVIOR MONITORING SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Electronic identification; Feeding behavior; Radio-frequency identification (RFID); Swine ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; PATTERNS; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; STEERS; SIZE AB Feeding behavior contains valuable information that can be used for various needs, including managing livestock, identifying animals that are sick, and determining genetic differences within a herd. Feeding behavior initially was recorded only in individual or small group pens. Currently, there are commercially available systems that determine feeding behavior and feed intake; however, these systems limit access to the feeding stations, thus changing feeding behavior. A system was developed using radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology and a series of multiplexers to determine individual animal feeding behavior in an industry-type feeding system. This system has been applied to both feedlot cattle and grow-finish swine. Validation of the cattle system determined that it was in agreement with independent video monitoring equipment 98.3% of the time, and the swine system was in agreement 98.7% of the time. Both systems have proven to be rugged and reliable in livestock industry settings. C1 [Brown-Brandl, T. M.; Eigenberg, R. A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Environm Management Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Environm Management Res Unit, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Tami.brownbrandl@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1913 EP 1920 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800035 ER PT J AU Clark, IC Zhang, R Pan, Z Brown, BR Ambuel, J Delwiche, M AF Clark, I. C. Zhang, R. Pan, Z. Brown, B. R. Ambuel, J. Delwiche, M. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-FLOW METER FOR MEASURING GAS PRODUCTION IN BIOREACTORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic digestion; Biohydrogen; Bioreactor; Gas flowmeter ID ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; SYSTEMS AB Accurate measurement of gas production from biological processes is important in many laboratory experiments. A gas flow rate measurement system, consisting of an embedded controller operating three gas meters, was developed to measure volumetric flows between 0 and 9 nil, min(-1) (1 atm, 273 K). The gas meter system builds on earlier pressure-based designs by adding a reference chamber to avoid errors associated with atmospheric pressure fluctuations. The controller has a keypad and LCD that guides users through operation, logs data, and can be connected to a computer for data retrieval using a custom graphical user interface. Each of the three gas meters was calibrated using a bubble meter as the standard. The error in gas flow rates measured by the calibrated gas meter is expected to be within 0.17 mL min(-1) 95% of the time. The gas metering system was used to measure biogas production from batch anaerobic reactors that were operated for biohydrogen production using non-fat milk as the substrate. The results show that the gas meter can be used to collect accurate and high-resolution gas flow data from laboratory bioreactors. C1 [Clark, I. C.; Zhang, R.; Pan, Z.; Delwiche, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Z.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Brown, B. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ambuel, J.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Phys Sci Lab, Stoughton, WI USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rhzhang@ucdavis.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1959 EP 1964 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 850WR UT WOS:000297230800040 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ Pettit, DE Clemmens, AJ AF Hunsaker, D. J. Pettit, D. E. Clemmens, A. J. TI A SELF-CONTAINED PROBE FOR MEASURING WATER ADVANCE AND RECESSION TIMES IN SURFACE-IRRIGATED FIELDS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Microcontroller; Optical properties; Electronics; Sensors; Recording instruments; Water management; Irrigation system evaluation AB Field evaluations of on-farm surface irrigation systems provide information to assess and improve irrigation system performance, design new irrigation systems, and compare irrigation methods and practices. Among the most important field data needed for evaluating on-farm surface irrigation systems are accurate measurements of the water advance and recession times at multiple stations along the irrigation length of run. However, manual data collection is labor and time intensive and is often inaccurate due to lack of visibility of surface water at remote locations in large fields. To overcome these obstacles, an inexpensive field probe was developed to measure and record the water advance and recession times. The objectives of this article are to present information on the design, construction, and validation of the probe. The battery-operated probe consists of a programmable microcontroller chip, designed to be a real-time clock and calendar, a 16 character x 1 line LCD display module writer, and fiber optics sensors at the probe base to detect the presence and absence of water. Component cost to construct the probe is about $50 US. Field evaluation of probe performance was conducted in irrigated-furrows utilizing 40 and 28 probes in two separate field tests. Mean probe times for advance were 1.1 min longer than mean observed advance times for both tests and mean probe times for recession were 1.0 min longer, and 2.6 min shorter than mean observed recession for the first and second test, respectively. The mean differences were significantly different from zero according to paired T-tests, indicating a general bias towards slightly longer probe times than observed. However, mean absolute errors for probe times were less than 8% for advance and less than 3% for recession, suggesting that the probes will provide acceptable advance and recession information for most surface-irrigation evaluation applications. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients for assessing goodness of fit were above 0.94 for advance and above 0.57 for recession, which also indicated that probe times achieved good agreement with observed times. C1 [Hunsaker, D. J.; Pettit, D. E.; Clemmens, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Hunsaker, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM doug.hunsaker@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 729 EP 736 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000007 ER PT J AU Vories, ED Greene, JK Teague, TG Stewart, JH Phipps, BJ Pringle, HC Clawson, EL Hogan, RJ O'Leary, PF Griffin, TW AF Vories, E. D. Greene, J. K. Teague, T. G. Stewart, J. H. Phipps, B. J. Pringle, H. C. Clawson, E. L. Hogan, R. J. O'Leary, P. F. Griffin, T. W. TI DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM TIMING FOR THE FINAL FURROW IRRIGATION ON MID-SOUTH COTTON SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation; Surface irrigation; Irrigation management; Water management; Cotton production; Crop management AB A common question from cotton farmers in the U.S. Mid-South is when to stop irrigating the crop. U.S. Cotton growers are adopting COTMAN to monitor crop development and aid in making end-of-season decisions concerning the optimal dates for safe termination of insect control and application of defoliants. The objective of this research was to investigate a similar crop-based recommendation for timing the final irrigation on cotton. Data sets from 28 Mid-South cotton fields conducting irrigation termination studies during the 2000 through 2007 growing seasons were analyzed. Day of year, days after planting, and growing degree days after planting, all until the last irrigation, did not provide a strong enough relationship with yield to guide late-season irrigation decisions. Days after nodes above white flower (NAWF)=5 (DA5) and growing degree days after NAWF=5 (GDDA5) of the last irrigation in the northern portion of the Mid-South did provide a yield impact estimate suitable for developing recommendations, but a relationship for fields south of 34 W latitude could not be established. Based on the resulting equations for a cotton price of $1.15 kg(-1) of lint, an irrigation applied after 18 days or 192 GDD, 15.6 degrees C base, after NAWF=5 would not be expected to produce enough additional yield to be profitable. The derived equations can also be used to determine the GDDA5 and DA5 of the last profitable irrigation for a known lint price and diesel cost, allowing the producer to react to his or her individual situation. Six of the fields were harvested twice and a later crop (i.e., a lower % first harvest) was associated with later irrigation, though the differences were not always significant. When fiber quality was measured, significant differences were seldom observed and no consistent trend relating to final irrigation was observed. However, because of the price discounts associated with low or high micronaire and the relationship between micronaire and crop maturity, additional research is needed to refine the fiber-quality relationship for the Mid-South. C1 [Vories, E. D.; Phipps, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Greene, J. K.] Clemson Univ, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC USA. [Teague, T. G.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Stewart, J. H.] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Engn, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Pringle, H. C.] Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. [Clawson, E. L.] Monsanto Co USA, Creve Coeur, MO USA. [Hogan, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Ft Stockton, TX USA. [O'Leary, P. F.] Cotton Inc, Agr Res, Cary, NC USA. [Griffin, T. W.] Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness Extens, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Vories, ED (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Delta Res Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM Earl.Vories@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; Arkansas State University FX Cotton Incorporated provided funding and technical assistance for this research, with additional funding received from Arkansas State University. The authors would like to thank the producers, consultants, and university personnel who assisted with the studies. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 737 EP 745 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000008 ER PT J AU Way, TR Lamba, J Srivastava, P AF Way, T. R. Lamba, J. Srivastava, P. TI A METHOD FOR INSTALLING ZERO-TENSION PAN AND WICK LYSIMETERS IN SOIL SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Rainfall simulators; Leachate; Groundwater; Water quality; Water quantity; Poultry manure; Lysimeter ID COLLECTION EFFICIENCY AB Zero-tension pan lysimeters and passive capillary fiberglass wick lysimeters are useful in determining water quality and volumetric aspects of subsurface water flow. A crucial aspect of installing pan and wick lysimeters beneath undisturbed soil is preventing cave-in of the tunnels in the soil that house the lysimeters. Equipment and a method were developed for installing zero-tension pan lysimeters and wick lysimeters in field plots, and this new method provides substantial structural strength of the tunnels. The dimensions of the upper horizontal surface of the pan lysimeters that were used were 0.280 x 0.430 m, and those of the wick lysimeters were 0.300 x 0.300 m, but the equipment can be modified to accommodate other lysimeter dimensions. The main equipment components are steel boxes which are pushed horizontally from a pit, into soil beneath the field plot, and a guiding frame that pushes the boxes using a hydraulic cylinder powered by a tractor hydraulic system. Following installation of each pair of steel boxes in soil, the soil from within the boxes was excavated, the upper lid of the lysimeter box was removed, and a lysimeter was placed within the box with the upper surface of the lysimeter directly contacting the soil. The equipment and method were used in the sandy loam soil of tall fescue (Fescue arundinacea Schreb.) pasture plots and the equipment and method worked well. The method also helps assure accurate lysimeter depth and levelness. The lysimeters were installed at a depth of 0.500 m beneath the soil surface. Costs and labor requirements for developing the equipment and using the method are presented. There was no evidence that the installation method altered the soil bulk density or the water flow paths above the lysimeters. C1 [Way, T. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Lamba, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Srivastava, P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Way, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tom.way@ars.usda.gov RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014; LAMBA, JASMEET/B-3878-2015 FU Natural Resources Initiative of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station FX The project was supported by the Natural Resources Initiative grant program of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors are grateful to Mr. Marlin R. Siegford for his work with the research team in developing the equipment and method, and to Dr. Sumit Sen for his work with the team in the field. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 747 EP 755 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000009 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Stevens, WB Iversen, WM Evans, RG AF Jabro, J. D. Stevens, W. B. Iversen, W. M. Evans, R. G. TI BULK DENSITY, WATER CONTENT, AND HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF A SANDY LOAM SOIL FOLLOWING CONVENTIONAL OR STRIP TILLAGE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Bulk density; Infiltration; Hydraulic conductivity; Strip tillage; Sugarbeet; Soil compaction ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SUGAR-BEET; INFILTRATION; MACROPOROSITY; CONDUCTIVITY AB Tillage produces a more favorable soil physical environment for seed germination and plant growth. A 2-year study was carried out to compare effects of conventional (CT) and strip (ST) tillage practices on soil bulk density (rho(b)), water content (theta(w)), final infiltration rate (I-r) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) for a Lihen sandy loam where sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was grown during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. Under each tillage system, we measured rho(b) and theta(w) using soil cores collected from the center of crop rows in all plots at soil surface (0 to 10 cm) and 10-to 30-cm depths. At both depths under each tillage system, we measured in-situ I-r using a pressure ring infiltrometer (PI) and in-situ K-s using a constant head well permeameter (CHWP). Although we noted a significant difference in rho(b) between CT and ST plots at 10- to 30-cm depth in 2007, soil theta(w) did not differ significantly between CT and ST plots in 2007. In 2008, soil rho(b) and theta(w) did not differ significantly between CT and ST plots at both depths. The log-transformed I-r was affected by tillage practice at P <= 0.1 in 2007 but was not significantly affected in 2008. The effects of tillage on log-transformed K-s were significant at P <= 0.05 in 2007 and P <= 0.1 in 2008. Soil K-s values were 68% and 56% greater for ST than for CT in 2007 and 2008, respectively. We concluded that ST reduced soil compaction in the row, consequently increased total porosity, reduced rho(b), and thereby increased I-r and K-s in the soil. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Stevens, W. B.; Iversen, W. M.; Evans, R. G.] ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000011 ER PT J AU Hicks, KB Wilson, J Flores, RA AF Hicks, K. B. Wilson, J. Flores, R. A. TI PROGRESSIVE HULL REMOVAL FROM BARLEY USING THE FITZPATRICK COMMINUTING MILL SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Barley; De-hulling; Milling; Biofuels; Ethanol ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AIR CLASSIFICATION; BETA-GLUCAN; FRACTIONATION; OPTIMIZATION; STARCH AB The objective of the study was to explore the use of the Fitzpatrick Comminuting Machine (FitzMill (R)) to remove the hull from hulled barley while keeping the barley kernel intact, thereby avoiding starch loss. Traditionally, this mill is used to grind material, but we have discovered that it can precisely shear the hull from the kernels using the sharp end of the blades. Different residence times in the mill were compared, and chemical analysis of hull and de-hulled kernel fractions, as well as rates of progressive hull removal, were studied to determine optimal settings. While whole kernels had only about 60% starch content, de-hulled barley kernel fractions had starch contents of over 71%, which are comparable to high-starch grains, such as corn, which are more efficient for fuel ethanol production. Furthermore, corresponding hull fractions contained less than 6% starch which translates to less than 1.5% starch loss from the original kernel. De-hulling will make a significant improvement to the barley's value as a feedstock for fuel ethanol production, increasing the starch content by 11 percentage points, and simultaneously decreasing non-fermentable fractions by a similar level. With a method to fractionate hulled barley into high-starch fractions (de-hulled kernels) and fiber rich hulls, hulled barley becomes a more desirable feedstock for fuel ethanol production. Also, since hulls would be removed prior to ethanol production they would be available for conversion into other valuable coproducts. C1 [Hicks, K. B.; Wilson, J.] ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & CoProd Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Flores, R. A.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Hicks, KB (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Biofuels & CoProd Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kevin.hicks@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 797 EP 802 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000015 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Slaughter, DC Jackson, ES AF Haff, R. P. Slaughter, D. C. Jackson, E. S. TI X-RAY BASED STEM DETECTION IN AN AUTOMATIC TOMATO WEEDING SYSTEM SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE X-ray; Detector; Weeds; Tomato ID CRISPHEAD LETTUCE; DENSITY CONTOURS; GROWING LETTUCE; DIFFERENTIATION; HEADS AB A real-time, non-contact stem detection system was developed for crop plant location sensing in automatic weed control in transplanted tomato fields. A tractor-mounted, portable x-ray source projected an x-ray beam perpendicular to the crop row and parallel to the soil surface. In operation, the plant's main stern absorbs x-ray energy, decreasing the voltage output (signal) from the detector, allowing robust main stem detection even in the case where the main stem is occluded by weed or crop foliage. This signal was used to automatically control the operation of a pair of in-row mechanical weed knives. Minimizing the source to detector distance allowed for differences in signal strength between stems and background between 180 and 300 mV (60% to 100% drop in signal strength) at low x-ray energy and current levels (25 keV, 7 mA), which is a significant advantage for safety reasons. Background noise levels were +/-30 mV, corresponding to a range of 10% to 16.7% of signal strength. The detector utilized a linear array of photodiodes aligned perpendicular to the soil surface. This configuration helped differentiate branches, which are angled and block only some of the photodiodes, from the main stem which has a similar vertical alignment as the array and hence blocks most or all photodiodes. A field trial was conducted at the standard time of first cultivation in a 17.5-m section of row in an organic transplanted tomato field, containing 43 tomato transplants. At a travel speed of 1.6 km/h, the detection system correctly identified 90.7% of main stems of the tomato plants. Four tomato plants (9.3%) were not detected because they had fallen over and passed below the detector There were no false positive detections. C1 [Haff, R. P.; Jackson, E. S.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA USA. [Slaughter, D. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA USA. EM Ron.Haff@ars.usda.gov FU California Tomato Research Institute FX The authors thank Richard Young (USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center) as well as Burt Vannucci, Loan-anh Nguyen, Chris Gliever, Jim Jackson, Garry Pearson, and Mir Shafii (UC Davis) for technical assistance. The work was supported in part by the California Tomato Research Institute. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 803 EP 810 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000016 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Gamble, G Thibodeaux, D AF Liu, Y. Gamble, G. Thibodeaux, D. TI POTENTIAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN THE PREDICTION OF COTTON FIBER STRENGTH INDICES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE NIR spectroscopy; Cotton fiber strength; HVI strength; Stelometer strength; Cotton quality AB Cotton fiber strength is one of important quality characteristic that is related with the manufacturing of quality goods for consumers. Currently, two types of instrumentals have been utilized to determine the cotton fiber strength in cotton industry, namely, automation oriented HVI and laboratory-based Stelometer device. Each of these instruments has its unique advantages, and apparently, correlation between the two strength readings was relatively low Meanwhile, HVI strength-based near infrared (NIR) model was observed to lack the sufficient efficiency for practical application. In this study, both HVI and Stelometer strength readings were corrected by respective micronaire values in both quotient (strength/micronaire) and product (strength*micronaire) forms, then the effect of modified HVI strength indices on NIR model performance were examined through partial least squares (PLS) regression. Two modified strength indices were observed to have a much improved relationship, and also corrected HVI strength indices were found to have a better correlation than raw HVI strength index with NIR spectra. Especially, the use of quotient form resulted in a more improved model performance than that of product one, suggesting the potential of NIR technique in the prediction of fiber strength/micronaire index for quality control application. On the basis of small sample numbers from two NIR instruments, this study indicates a "proof-of-concept" and a promising NIR model implementation. C1 [Liu, Y.; Gamble, G.; Thibodeaux, D.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 839 EP 843 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000020 ER PT J AU Miller, DN McGhee, RP AF Miller, D. N. McGhee, R. P. TI TWO NEW DESIGNS FOR MANURE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS SAMPLING FROM TANK, PIT, AND LAGOONS AT VARIOUS DEPTHS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Deep pit; Livestock production; Lagoon; Manure; Manure slurry; Sampling; Wastewater ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; SLUDGE AB The wide variety of animal manure slurry storage structures and the spatially heterogeneous nature of manure within the storage structure present a difficult challenge to researchers studying the composition and activities within manure storage systems. The objective of this study was to design and construct a manure sampling system that could be used to sample manure at various depths greater than 7.6 m (25 ft) from a variety of swine manure storage systems, including deep pit, lagoon systems, and above ground manure slurry storage tanks. Two slurry sampler systems were devised that could be lowered to a variety of depths within the manure slurry and then opened and closed remotely in order to collect a sample from a specific depth with minimal contamination from manure slurry from shallower or deeper depths. Over more than a year, these two samplers were repeatedly field tested at four animal production sites. These two designs proved to be low cost, robust, and possessed a combination of several features (easily transportable, large sample orifice, minimal sample contamination, ample volume collection, and variable depth collection) that were not available in commercially-available wastewater collection systems designed for sample collection at municipal wastewater plants. C1 [Miller, D. N.; McGhee, R. P.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, 137 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dan.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X FU USDA-ARS [206]; National Pork Board [06-111] FX This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-product Utilization. Partial funding for this project was provided by National Pork Board Grant #06-111 "Odor compound production, accumulation, and volatilization from swine manure storage." We would like to thank Shane Jensen, Joe Barber, and Betty George for their expert technical and field assistance. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 847 EP 854 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 847UC UT WOS:000296997000021 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, GL Jackson, RE Perera, OP Allen, C Luttrell, RG AF Snodgrass, G. L. Jackson, R. E. Perera, O. P. Allen, C. Luttrell, R. G. TI Utilization of Tall Goldenrod by the Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the Production of Overwintering Adults and as a Possible Winter Food Source SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; HETEROPTERA AB Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), nymphs and adults were collected from tall goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. and Gray, in Washington County, MS, during October and November 2008 and 2009. Adults were dissected to determine their reproductive status in order to evaluate host suitability of tall goldenrod relative to production of overwintering tarnished plant bug adults. Mean numbers of nymphs each week on tall goldenrod were used to evaluate the plant as a reproductive host. Results showed that tall goldenrod served as a reproductive host from flowering until a killing freeze occurred (5 weeks in 2008 and 10 weeks in 2009) with mean numbers as great as 58.7 +/- 25.7 nymphs per 25-sweep sample. Most tarnished plant bug adults utilizing tall goldenrod as a host were in diapause for overwintering by the end of the second week in October of both years. A laboratory test showed tarnished plant bug adults could utilize mature tall goldenrod seeds as food. A field test was used to compare host suitability of tall goldenrod and blooming henbit, Lamium amplexicaule L., with regard to the timing of diapause termination in tarnished plant bug adults. Adults were collected on the same dates in December and January from tall goldenrod and from blooming henbit and dissected to determine reproductive status. Results showed the possible feeding of adults on tall goldenrod seeds had little effect on diapause termination as compared to adults that fed on henbit and began terminating diapause about 3 weeks earlier. This information will be useful in developing controls to reduce the size of the overwintering generation of tarnished plant bug. C1 [Snodgrass, G. L.; Jackson, R. E.; Perera, O. P.; Allen, C.; Luttrell, R. G.] ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Snodgrass, GL (reprint author), ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500001 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Esquivel, JF Bell, AA Greene, JK Roberts, PM Bacheler, JS Marois, JJ Wright, DL Nichols, RL AF Medrano, Enrique G. Esquivel, Jesus F. Bell, Alois A. Greene, Jeremy K. Roberts, Phillip M. Bacheler, Jack S. Marois, James J. Wright, David L. Nichols, Robert L. TI Analysis of Microscopic Injuries Caused by Southern Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding on Cotton Bolls SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA L.; STYLET SHEATH; HETEROPTERA; DAMAGE; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENS; INDICATOR; BACTERIAL; YIELD AB The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), utilizes stylets while feeding to pierce the wall of a boll of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and can inoculate disease-causing pathogens into developing green bolls. Detection of diseased bolls is difficult because the surface of the carpel wall frequently lacks apparent macroscopic evidence of insect feeding regardless of infection; blisters on the interior surface of the carpel wall are commonly masked by darkened necrotic tissue. The objectives of this study were to characterize microscopic evidence of feeding by laboratory-reared southern green stink bugs on greenhouse-grown cotton bolls and to use these findings to aid in detection of feeding evidence by piercing-sucking insects on field-collected bolls from four southeastern states. Microscopic analyses of greenhouse-reared bolls fed upon by southern green stink bug (n = 40) yielded definitive characteristics and imagery of feeding evidence. Salivary flanges on the exterior surface of the boll and blisters at the feeding site on the interior surface of the carpel wall were characteristic of feeding by southern green stink bug. Also, salivary flanges were associated with all external puncture wounds on the boll wall. These characteristics were used as the baseline to detect feeding by feral piercing-sucking pests on field-grown bolls during the 2008 and 2009 production seasons. Injury characteristics from field-grown bolls were comparable to characteristics observed in greenhouse-reared bolls after feeding by southern green stink bug. A few field-collected bolls (5%; n = 160) possessed discolored seeds and exhibited evidence of boll feeding externally but lacked blisters on the interior surface of the carpel wall, thus suggesting an incomplete breach of the interior carpel wall. Callus tissue, colloquially termed a 'wart,' on the interior surface of the boll carpel wall is typically associated with feeding by stink bugs but was not detected in bolls grown in a greenhouse and was only sporadically detected in bolls collected from the field. When present, callus tissue was always associated with an external puncture. This is the first study to unequivocally illustrate microscopic characteristics associated with feeding damage by southern green stink bug on cotton bolls. Findings are discussed in relation to evidence of feeding by insects in field-collected bolls of unknown age and history. C1 [Esquivel, Jesus F.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Medrano, Enrique G.; Bell, Alois A.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Greene, Jeremy K.] Clemson Univ, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. [Roberts, Phillip M.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Bacheler, Jack S.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marois, James J.; Wright, David L.] Univ Florida, NFREC, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Jesus.Esquivel@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated Cooperative Research Agreement [07-146] FX Thanks are due to Cyndy Menn, Roger Anderson, Jordan Dickerson, and Shannon Ng for providing greatly appreciated technical assistance. Laura Worth is credited for critically reading and editing the manuscript. Thanks to Juan Lopez for use of the microscope. This research was partially supported by a Cotton Incorporated Cooperative Research Agreement (No. 07-146) granted to EGM. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 233 EP 245 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500002 ER PT J AU Lopez, JD Latheef, MA Hoffmann, WC AF Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Latheef, Mohamed A. Hoffmann, W. Clint TI Effect of Hexaflumuron on Feeding Response and Reproduction of Bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE-BASED ATTRACTICIDE; COTTON AB Hexaflumuron (Consult (R) 100 EC, Dow AgroSciences) is an insect growth regulator that inhibits chitin synthesis. The efficacy of hexaflumuron mixed with 2.5-M sucrose (mg(-1)) was evaluated for toxicity, proboscis extension, gestation, and reproduction of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in a laboratory. The intention was to determine whether or not hexaflumuron could be used as a toxicant in a feeding-stimulant mixture for suppression of bollworm. Newly emerged bollworm adults actively seek carbohydrates. For feral male bollworm captured in pheromone-baited traps, the lethal concentration (LC(50)) values 24 and 48 hours after exposure were 295.6 and 96.03 mg(-1), respectively. These values were significantly different. Hexaflumuron at 100 mg(-1) or more significantly depressed gustatory response of feral male and laboratory-reared male and female bollworms. There was no significant difference in proboscis-extension response between bollworms fed 1.0 and 2.5 M sucrose solutions. Percentage hatch of eggs oviposited by laboratory-reared females during 3 consecutive days was significantly less at concentrations of 5.0 mg(-1) or greater of hexaflumuron when compared with females fed 2.5-M sucrose. However, when laboratory-reared males fed hexaflumuron were compared with males fed 2.5-M sucrose solution, percentage of eggs that hatched was not significantly less. This suggests that hexaflumuron acted as an ovicide. It is posited that hexaflumuron could be a useful toxicant in a feeding-stimulant mixture for suppression of bollworm. C1 [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.; Latheef, Mohamed A.; Hoffmann, W. Clint] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM clint.hoffmann@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500003 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Adamczyk, JJ Alejandro, JJ Holloway, JW AF Greenberg, S. M. Adamczyk, J. J. Alejandro, J. J. Holloway, J. W. TI Approaches for Improving Present Laboratory and Field Methodology for Evaluation Efficacy of Transgenic Technologies SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BT-COTTON; NOCTUIDAE; LARVAE; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; PROTEINS; BOLLWORM; CRY1AC AB In all bioassays in the laboratory, the mortality of neonate beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner); cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith); were greater on dual-Bt (Bollgard II) varieties (average 85.4%) than on single-Bt (Bollgard) cotton (average 45.3%). Bollworm was the most susceptible to Bollgard (average mortality 68.8%), while mortality of beet armyworm was 35.2%, cabbage looper 50.4%, and fall armyworm 49.7%. Mortality of beet armyworm after feeding on Bollgard II and Wide Strike Bt traits was 74.1%, and significantly less than of cabbage looper (95.5%), bollworm. (90.4%), or fall armyworm (87.2%). Assessing the efficacy of transgenic plants under new environmental and management regimes is of prime importance to the companies that produce new or improve existing transgenic products; plant breeders who create different varieties stacked with Bt endotoxins; and farmers who grow them. For 2006-2009, we did thousands of laboratory bioassays from different Bt trait varieties of cotton. But in the process of investigations, we observed variable data with some of the same treatments and the same initial insects. These reduced accuracy of results and interpretation. Laboratory and field performance of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., containing endotoxins should be standardized. Only this can provide accurate and stable data for insect control with different transgenic technology. We discuss approaches and criteria for mass rearing standardized laboratory colonies of beet armyworm, fall armyworm, and bollworm, for laboratory and field evaluation of efficacy of Bt cottons. C1 [Greenberg, S. M.; Adamczyk, J. J.; Alejandro, J. J.] ARS, BIRU, KSARC, USDA, Weslaco, TX USA. [Holloway, J. W.] Bayer CropSci, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), ARS, BIRU, KSARC, USDA, Weslaco, TX USA. EM shoil.greenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500004 ER PT J AU Perera, OP Blanco, CA AF Perera, O. P. Blanco, C. A. TI Microsatellite Variation in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Populations in the Southern United States SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; HOST-PLANT RACES; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; TOBACCO BUDWORM; GENE-FLOW; SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE AB Seven polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to analyze bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), populations from various host plants in four locations in the southern United States. Linear distance between collection sites ranged from approximately 150 to 900 km. The analysis indicated low allelic range for all loci (2.286 +/- 0.488 to 2.571 +/- 0.787). Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were not significant. Inbreeding coefficients, F(IS), were very variable among the seven loci with a bootstrap-generated overall value of -0.104 +/- 0.178 across all loci and populations. Overall population differentiation estimates, represented by F(ST), were essentially zero. In the analysis of variance of genotypes grouped into various geographical combinations, variation within individuals accounted for more than 93% of the total variation while no significant variation was detected between groups, among populations within groups, or among individuals within populations. The results indicated that extensive gene flow occurred between geographically distant bollworm populations, and the populations studied did not show any signs of differentiation based on the geographical location. Although there are no other microsatellite-based population studies for comparison, the results of the present study are congruent with the results of allozyme analyses on this species. C1 [Perera, O. P.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Blanco, C. A.] Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Perera, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 271 EP 286 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500005 ER PT J AU Perera, OP Blanco, CA Ballard, L Silva-Brandao, KL Domingues, FA Abel, CA AF Perera, O. P. Blanco, C. A. Ballard, L. Silva-Brandao, K. L. Domingues, F. A. Abel, C. A. TI Evaluation of Anonymous and Expressed Sequence Tag-Derived Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SSR MARKERS; SIMILARITY AB Polymorphic genetic markers were identified and characterized using a partial genomic library of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), enriched for simple sequence repeats (SSR) and nucleotide sequences of expressed sequence tags (EST). Nucleotide sequences of 192 clones from the partial genomic library yielded 147 unique SSRs while EST evaluations identified 280 SSR-containing sequences. All anonymous SSRs and 192 EST-SSRs were evaluated to select loci that produced the best quality peaks without stutter peaks. Six anonymous markers and nine EST-derived markers were selected to evaluate a sample of 96 insects collected from Stoneville, MS. The observed number of alleles ranged from two to eight, with an average of 5.87 (SE +/- 0.53). The polymorphic information content (PIC) value averaged 0.446 (SE +/- 0.052). Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were detected at eight loci. We speculate that these loci are under selection in the population of tobacco budworm used in the study. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected at any of the loci. Proportions of anonymous and EST-SSR markers validated after extensive evaluation were 4.08 and 4.68%, respectively. One anonymous SSR marker (HvMS117) and all nine EST markers were transferable to the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). C1 [Perera, O. P.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Blanco, C. A.] Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Ballard, L.] Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Silva-Brandao, K. L.; Domingues, F. A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Dept Entomol & Acarol, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Abel, C. A.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Perera, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Silva-Brandao, Karina/F-4955-2012 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500006 ER PT J AU Welch, EW Hunter, WB Shelby, KS Mizell, RF Tipping, C Katsar, CS Bextine, BR AF Welch, E. W. Hunter, W. B. Shelby, K. S. Mizell, R. F. Tipping, C. Katsar, C. S. Bextine, B. R. TI Leafhopper Comparative Genomics - Identifying Similarities and Differences across Leafhopper Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HOMALODISCA-VITRIPENNIS HEMIPTERA; CREONTIADES-DILUTUS HEMIPTERA; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; DIGESTIVE PROTEASES; COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; CATHEPSIN-B; CICADELLIDAE; BIOLOGY; DISEASE AB Insects in the order Hemiptera are considered the second most important group of plant pathogen vectors, after aphids as agriculture crop pests. Genomic approaches are providing new information on the genetic basis of biology, behavior, and refinement of their phylogenetic classification. Three leafhopper species, important as vectors of plant pathogenic bacteria referred to as Xylella fastidiosa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), were examined by comparison of the available expressed sequence tags, similar to 43,400 ESTs from three leafhopper species (Hunter datasets, NCBI). These species are vectors of the plant-pathogenic bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.) the causal agent of Pierce's disease of grapevine. A tentative look at the gene expression across these three leafhopper species, the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), blue-green sharpshooter, Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret), and black-winged sharpshooter, Oncometopia nigricans (Walker), were analyzed. After comparison approximately 4,800 specific transcripts for each species were obtained, with most of these (similar to 40-48%) being identified as house-keeping. While the assembled datasets are not complete representations of all the leafhopper transcriptomes, these are predicted to be approximately one-fourth of the active genes in the genomes of these leafhoppers, based on comparative analysis of genomes of other insects in the order Hemiptera, based on an average of similar to 15k-25,000 active genes. Interest in host plant utilization led us to focus on a poorly studied set of transcripts from leafhoppers the desaturases. Delta-9 desaturase enzymes have been shown to be highly conserved throughout Eukarya (fungi, protists, plants, and animals) and specifically function to place double bonds between the adjacent carbons of specific fatty acids, playing a vital role in the internal metabolism and physiology of insects. The Delta-9 desaturase sequences of several insect species, including the three leafhopper species of this study, were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Additional analysis highlights differences for species-specific targeting of these genes within leafhoppers. It is proposed that as new developments in genomics and strategies like RNA-interference emerge, researchers will be able to design specific and effective management tools to reduce leafhopper abundance, and/or transmission of disease by leafhoppers. C1 [Welch, E. W.; Bextine, B. R.] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. [Hunter, W. B.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Shelby, K. S.] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Mizell, R. F.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Tipping, C.] Delaware Valley Coll, Doylestown, PA 18901 USA. [Katsar, C. S.] ARS, USDA, NPRU, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Welch, EW (reprint author), Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, 3900 Univ Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. EM Wayne.hunter@ars.usda.gov; BBextine@UTTyler.edu NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 305 EP 321 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500008 ER PT J AU Marutani-Hert, M Hunter, WB Morgan, JK AF Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Hunter, Wayne B. Morgan, J. Kent TI Associated Bacteria of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae: Diaphorina citri) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SP NOV.; ENDOSYMBIONTS; ESTABLISHMENT; BUCHNERA; SYMBIONT; BIOFILMS; SEQUENCE; FLORIDA; GENOME; APHIDS AB Psyllids, specifically Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), are economically important in the U.S. as vectors of the pathogen associated with citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing). Huanglongbing is one of the most severe diseases of citrus crops worldwide and is associated with psyllid-transmitted 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. The microbiome of the Asian citrus psyllid was investigated; we analyzed Eubacterial 16S rDNA amplified from adults, eggs, and cell cultures. The nucleotide sequences showed significant homologies to 10 distinct types of bacteria. The four bacteria species detected in cell cultures identified two new types not previously reported to be associated with psyllids. Staphylococcus is a common enteric bacterium; these data support finding a type I strain which is similar. Another related to Methylocystis heyeri is a bacterium typically isolated from acidic environments that has been shown to utilize methane as the sole source of carbon and energy. Psyllid cell cultures are at a slightly acidic pH of similar to 6.48, with the cultures derived from a diverse set of tissues that may include enteric tissues. These associated microbes of Asian citrus psyllid provide new insights into microbial interactions and avenues for developing novel management approaches against the pathogenic bacteria associated with Huanglongbing. C1 [Marutani-Hert, Mizuri; Hunter, Wayne B.; Morgan, J. Kent] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Wayne.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500009 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Kirk, AA Moran, PJ Racelis, AE Adamczyk, JJ Cortes, E Garcia, MAM Jimenez, MM Summy, KR Ciomperlik, MA Sands, DPA AF Goolsby, John A. Kirk, Alan A. Moran, Patrick J. Racelis, Alex E. Adamczyk, John J. Cortes, Elena Marcos Garcia, Ma Angeles Martinez Jimenez, Maricela Summy, Kenneth R. Ciomperlik, Matthew A. Sands, Don P. A. TI Establishment of the Armored Scale, Rhizaspidiotus donacis, a Biological Control Agent of Arundo donax SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HEMIPTERA DIASPIDIDAE; GIANT REED C1 [Goolsby, John A.; Moran, Patrick J.; Racelis, Alex E.; Adamczyk, John J.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Kirk, Alan A.] European Biol Control Lab, USDA ARS, Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Cortes, Elena; Marcos Garcia, Ma Angeles] Univ Alicante, CIBIO, Ctr Iberoamer Biodiversidad, San Vicente Del Raspeig, Spain. [Martinez Jimenez, Maricela] Inst Mexicano Tecnol Aguas, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. [Summy, Kenneth R.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Ciomperlik, Matthew A.] USDA APHIS PPQ Pest Detect, Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX USA. [Sands, Don P. A.] Long Pocket Lab, CSIRO Entomol, Indooropilly, Qld, Australia. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM john.goolsby@ars.usda.gov RI Marcos Garcia, Maria Angeles/H-7925-2015 OI Marcos Garcia, Maria Angeles/0000-0002-2439-2630 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500014 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Westbrook, JK AF Suh, Charles P. -C. Westbrook, J. K. TI Attraction of Milkweed Stem Weevils, Rhyssomatus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculiondae), to Grandlure SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Suh, Charles P. -C.; Westbrook, J. K.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. FU Cotton Inc. [10-776] FX We thank Cotton Inc. for funding this project (10-776), and Ed Riley and the Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Foundation for their technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation of endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 375 EP 376 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500015 ER PT J AU Racelis, AE Davey, RB AF Racelis, Alex E. Davey, Ronald B. TI New Survival Record of Southern Cattle Tick in Subfreezing Temperatures SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; IXODIDAE; LARVAE; SUITABILITY; HUMIDITY; AMERICA AB The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), is considered to be one of the most significant pests of cattle worldwide. A vector for piroplasmosis, or cattle fever, the southern cattle tick is a key target of an aggressive eradication program along the U.S.-Mexico border. Endemic to subtropical and tropical regions, southern cattle ticks are limited in range by climate and temperature. Neither adults nor larvae of southern cattle tick survive more than a few days of subfreezing temperatures. Nonetheless, in a separate study of fecundity of southern cattle tick in different field conditions, where bagged samples of egg masses were allowed to hatch in the field then placed in a freezer in order to estimate egg hatch, a single southern cattle tick larva was found alive following exposure to room temperature after 20 days of cold-exposure. Although quite anomalous, this report of this outlying observation suggests the possibility that southern cattle tick can survive extremely cold temperatures for long durations. C1 [Racelis, Alex E.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Davey, Ronald B.] USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Mission, TX USA. RP Racelis, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM alex.racelis@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 383 EP 385 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GQ UT WOS:000297183500018 ER PT J AU Toth, SF Haight, RG Rogers, LW AF Toth, Sandor F. Haight, Robert G. Rogers, Luke W. TI Dynamic Reserve Selection: Optimal Land Retention with Land-Price Feedbacks SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SITE SELECTION; PROGRAMMING-PROBLEMS; CONSERVATION; ALGORITHMS; LOCATION; MODELS; GROWTH; EXTERNALITIES; PATTERNS; DESIGN AB Urban growth compromises open space and ecosystem functions. To mitigate the negative effects, some agencies use reserve selection models to identify conservation sites for purchase or retention. Existing models assume that conservation has no impact on nearby land prices. We propose a new integer program that relaxes this assumption via adaptive cost coefficients. Our model accounts for the two key land price feedbacks that arise in markets where conservation competes with development: the amenity premium and price increases driven by shifts in market equilibriums. We illustrate the mechanics of the proposed model in a real land retention context. The results suggest that in competitive land markets, the optimal conservation strategy during the initial phase of the retention effort might be to use available dollars to buy fewer parcels with smaller total area that are under high risk of development. We show that failure to capture the land-price feedbacks can lead to significant losses in biological conservation. The present study is the first to create a reserve selection model that captures the economic theory of competitive land markets in a dynamic framework, produces tangible, parcel-level conservation recommendations, and works on problems with thousands of potential site selection decisions and several planning periods. C1 [Toth, Sandor F.; Rogers, Luke W.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Toth, SF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM toths@u.washington.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us; lwrogers@washington.edu FU U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX The authors thank J. F. Raffensperger for the valuable pre-submission review and S. Kushch for conceiving Inequality (10 ''). They also thank the two anonymous referees and the associate editor for the valuable comments. This research was supported by the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1078 DI 10.1287/opre.1110.0961 PG 20 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 849ZT UT WOS:000297164900001 ER PT J AU Ostapkowicz, J Wiedenhoeft, A Ramsey, CB Ribechini, E Wilson, S Brock, F Higham, T AF Ostapkowicz, Joanna Wiedenhoeft, Alex Ramsey, Christopher Bronk Ribechini, Erika Wilson, Samuel Brock, Fiona Higham, Tom TI 'Treasures ... of black wood, brilliantly polished': five examples of Taino sculpture from the tenth-sixteenth century Caribbean SO ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; Taino; wood; sculpture; tenth-sixteenth centuries AD AB Five wooden sculptures from the pre-contact Caribbean, long held in museum collections, are here dated and given a context for the first time. The examples studied were made from dense Guaiacum wood, carved, polished and inlaid with shell fastened with resin. Dating the heartwood, sapwood and resins takes key examples of 'Classic' Taino art back to the tenth century AD, and suggests that some objects were treasured and refurbished over centuries. The authors discuss the symbolic properties of the wood and the long-lived biographies of some iconic sculptures. C1 [Ostapkowicz, Joanna] World Museum Liverpool, Liverpool L3 8EN, Merseyside, England. [Wiedenhoeft, Alex] USDA, Ctr Wood Anat Res, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Brock, Fiona; Higham, Tom] Univ Oxford, Archaeol & Hist Art Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Ribechini, Erika] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Wilson, Samuel] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Ostapkowicz, J (reprint author), World Museum Liverpool, William Brown St, Liverpool L3 8EN, Merseyside, England. EM Joanna.Ostapkowicz@liverpoolmuseums.org.uk RI Bronk Ramsey, Christopher/A-3277-2012; Ribechini, Erika/M-7210-2014; Brock, Fiona/I-4970-2016 OI Ribechini, Erika/0000-0002-4978-2782; Brock, Fiona/0000-0003-0728-6091 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANTIQUITY PI YORK PA KINGS MANOR, YORK YO1 7EP, ENGLAND SN 0003-598X J9 ANTIQUITY JI Antiquity PD SEP PY 2011 VL 85 IS 329 BP 942 EP 959 PG 18 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 826HP UT WOS:000295345500017 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Metz, MA AF Solis, M. Alma Metz, M. A. TI Male genital homology based on musculature originating from the tegumen in snout moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) SO ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Genitalia; Gnathos; Uncus; Comparative morphology; Pyralidae; Crambidae ID PYRALIDAE AB The homology and terminology of the sclerotized structures, specifically the uncus and gnathos, formed by the fused segments caudal to the ninth abdominal segment in males of Lepidoptera, specifically in the Pyraloidea, have been confused in the literature. Based on comparative morphology of sclerotized structures and musculature, the uncus, scaphium, gnathos, and subscaphium are defined and described for stabilization in future systematic studies. Muscles IX-X (ex) and IX-X (int) are associated with these sclerotized structures and attached to the tegumen anteriorly. They are present in most of the species examined and are consistently topologically constrained in their origins and insertions; no differences were observed at the familial level. Muscle IX-X (int) is lacking in Pyralinae (Pyralidae) and this condition is hypothesized to be derived independently and an autapomorphy for this subfamily. The unique subteguminal processes of the Schoenobiinae are structures independent of the gnathos contrary to previous thought, and are instead associated with the valvae. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Solis, M. Alma; Metz, M. A.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst,SEL, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst,SEL, POB 37012,E-517,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; mark.metz@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-8039 J9 ARTHROPOD STRUCT DEV JI Arthropod Struct. Dev. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 BP 435 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.asd.2011.03.005 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832OQ UT WOS:000295814700006 ER PT J AU Chen, P Luthria, D Harrington, PD Harnly, JM AF Chen, Pei Luthria, Devanand Harrington, Peter de B. Harnly, James M. TI Discrimination Among Panax Species Using Spectral Fingerprinting SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AMERICAN GINSENG; QUINQUEFOLIUS L.; NEURAL-NETWORKS; NOTOGINSENG; VARIANCE; ROOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; GINSENOSIDES; PLANTS AB Spectral fingerprints of samples of three Panax species (P. quinquefolius L., P. ginseng, and P. notoginseng) were acquired using UV, near-infrared (NIR), and MS. With principal component analysis, all three methods allowed visual discrimination among the three species. All three methods were able to discriminate between white and red ginseng, and showed distinctive subgroupings of red ginseng related to root quality (age/size). Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the relative variance arising from the species, run, and analytical uncertainty, and was used to identify the most information-rich portions of the spectrum for NIR and UV. Accurate classification of the three species was obtained by using partial least squares-discriminant analysis and a fuzzy rule-building expert system. Relatively poor accuracy was obtained using soft independent modeling of class analogy when a single component was used. C1 [Chen, Pei; Luthria, Devanand; Harnly, James M.] ARS, USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Harrington, Peter de B.] Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov OI Harrington, Peter/0000-0003-0268-8630 FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1411 EP 1421 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.10-291 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838DZ UT WOS:000296268300004 PM 22165005 ER PT J AU Charnley, S Cerveny, LK AF Charnley, Susan Cerveny, Lee K. TI US Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges: An Untapped Resource for Social Science SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE US Forest Service; social science research; experimental forests and ranges; human uses of public lands ID TROPICAL FOREST; LAND-USE; MULE DEER; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM; ELK AB For a century, US Forest Service experimental forests and ranges (EFRs) have been a resource for scientists conducting long-term research relating to forestry and range management. Social science research has been limited, despite the history of occupation and current use of these sites for activities ranging from resource extraction and recreation to public education. This article encourages researchers to take advantage of the rich, though largely untapped, potential EFRs offer for social science by describing their many human dimensions and providing an overview of potential research topics. These topics include human uses, economics, historical studies, population and land-use change, human values, and interdisciplinary social-ecological studies. Lack of awareness among social scientists, limited budgets and networking, and the predominance of biophysical scientists who administer and conduct research at EFRs appear to be inhibiting the development of social science research there. We suggest ways of overcoming these barriers. C1 [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildand Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us; lcerveny@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 109 IS 6 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 827JD UT WOS:000295423900004 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Rosenberger, RS White, EM AF Kline, Jeffrey D. Rosenberger, Randall S. White, Eric M. TI A National Assessment of Physical Activity in US National Forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE outdoor recreation; public health; obesity; US Forest Service; Kids in the Woods ID ENERGY COSTS; RECREATION; COMPENDIUM; CHILDREN; OBESITY; ADULTS AB In an era of declining timber harvests on federal lands, the US Forest Service has sought to better describe the public benefits associated with the nation's continued investment in managing the national forests. We considered how national forests contribute to public health by providing significant outdoor recreation opportunities. Physical inactivity has become a persistent national concern owing to its association with chronic diseases, obesity, and other public health concerns. We estimated the net energy expenditure (in calories) for a range of outdoor recreation activities engaged in by visitors to national forests. We conclude that national forest contributions to physical activity among the American public likely are significant and could be enhanced with continued and targeted investments in recreation infrastructure and public outreach. C1 [Kline, Jeffrey D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rosenberger, Randall S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Eric M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jkline@fs.fed.us; R.Rosenberger@oregonstate.edu; eric.white@oregonstate.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 109 IS 6 BP 343 EP 351 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 827JD UT WOS:000295423900007 ER PT J AU McConnell, WV AF McConnell, William V. TI A New Role for National Forest Resource Advisory Committees? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McConnell, William V.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP McConnell, WV (reprint author), Florida Resource Advisory Comm, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. EM wvmcconnell@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 109 IS 6 BP 362 EP 362 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 827JD UT WOS:000295423900010 ER PT J AU O'Neil, CE Nicklas, TA Rampersaud, GC Fulgoni, VL AF O'Neil, Carol E. Nicklas, Theresa A. Rampersaud, Gail C. Fulgoni, Victor L., III TI One hundred percent orange juice consumption is associated with better diet quality, improved nutrient adequacy, and no increased risk for overweight/obesity in children SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Orange juice consumption; 100% fruit juice consumption; Diet quality; Nutrients; Nutrient adequacy; Children; Adolescents; Weight; Obesity; Dietary intake; NHANES ID 100-PERCENT FRUIT JUICES; PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; VITAMIN-C; SHORT STATURE; WEIGHT STATUS; US CHILDREN; OBESITY; CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA; GROWTH AB The purpose of this study was to examine the association of 100% orange juice (OJ) consumption by children 2 to 18 years of age (n = 7250) participating in the 2003 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with intakes of select nutrients, MyPyramid food groups, diet quality-measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005, weight status, and associated risk factors. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the usual intake of 100% OJ consumption, selected nutrients, and MyPyramid food groups. Percentages of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement were determined. Covariate adjusted logistic regression was used to determine if consumers had a lower odds ratio of being overweight or obese. Usual per capita intake of 100% OJ was 1.7 oz/d. Among consumers, the usual intake of 100% OJ for children (n = 2183; 26.2% of population) was 10.2 oz/d. Consumers had higher (P < .05) energy intakes than nonconsumers (9148 +/- 113 vs 8625 +/- 473 Id). However, there were no differences in weight or body mass index in consumers and nonconsumers, and there was no significant difference in the risk of being overweight or obese between consumers and nonconsumers (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-1.05). Compared with nonconsumers, consumers had a higher (P < .01) percentage (% +/- SE) of the population meeting the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A (19.6 +/- 2.0 vs 30.2 +/- 1.4), vitamin C (0.0 +/- 0.0 vs 29.2 +/- 1.2), folate (1.3 +/- 0.3 vs 5.1 +/- 0.6), and magnesium (25.5 +/- 2.0 vs 39.0 +/- 11). The Healthy Eating Index-2005 was significantly (P < .01) higher in consumers (52.4 +/- 0.4 vs 48.5 +/- 0.3). Consumers also had higher intakes of total fruit, fruit juice, and whole fruit. Moderate consumption of 100% OJ should be encouraged in children as a component of a healthy diet. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Neil, Carol E.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Nicklas, Theresa A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rampersaud, Gail C.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA. RP O'Neil, CE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM coneill@lsu.edu; tnicklas@bcm.edu; gcr@ufl.edu; VI3RD@aol.com FU Florida Department of Citrus; USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-003]; USDA [LAB 93951] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. This research project was supported by the Florida Department of Citrus, and USDA Agricultural Research Service through specific cooperative agreement 58-6250-6-003. Partial support was received from the USDA Hatch Project LAB 93951. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 31 IS 9 BP 673 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.09.002 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 843KY UT WOS:000296671900003 PM 22024491 ER PT J AU Severin, AJ Cannon, SB Graham, MM Grant, D Shoemaker, RC AF Severin, Andrew J. Cannon, Steven B. Graham, Michelle M. Grant, David Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Changes in Twelve Homoeologous Genomic Regions in Soybean following Three Rounds of Polyploidy SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-GENOME; GLYCINE-MAX; FUNCTIONAL DIVERGENCE; DOSAGE-SENSITIVITY; ARABIDOPSIS GENOME; GENE; DUPLICATIONS; EVOLUTION; TRANSCRIPTOME; SEQUENCE AB With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, the availability of genomic sequence for comparative genomics is increasing exponentially. Numerous completed plant genome sequences enable characterization of patterns of the retention and evolution of genes within gene families due to multiple polyploidy events, gene loss and fractionation, and differential evolutionary pressures over time and across different gene families. In this report, we trace the changes that have occurred in 12 surviving homoeologous genomic regions from three rounds of polyploidy that contributed to the current Glycine max genome: a genome triplication before the origin of the rosids (similar to 130 to 240 million years ago), a genome duplication early in the legumes (similar to 58 million years ago), and a duplication in the Glycine lineage (similar to 13 million years ago). Patterns of gene retention following the genome triplication event generally support predictions of the Gene Balance Hypothesis. Finally, we find that genes in networks with a high level of connectivity are more strongly conserved than those with low connectivity and that the enrichment of these highly connected genes in the 12 highly conserved homoeologous segments may in part explain their retention over more than 100 million years and repeated polyploidy events. C1 [Severin, Andrew J.; Cannon, Steven B.; Graham, Michelle M.; Grant, David; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.; Graham, Michelle M.; Grant, David; Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM randy.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov RI Graham, Michelle/C-7144-2013 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation [0822258-DBI] FX We thank Rex T. Nelson and Nathan Weeks for helpful discussions and IT support on this article. We acknowledge financial support from the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and National Science Foundation Grant 0822258-DBI. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 IS 9 BP 3129 EP 3136 DI 10.1105/tpc.111.089573 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 844HU UT WOS:000296739100009 PM 21917551 ER PT J AU House, LA Gao, ZF Spreen, TH Gmitter, FG Valim, MF Plotto, A Baldwin, EA AF House, Lisa A. Gao, Zhifeng Spreen, Thomas H. Gmitter, Fred G., Jr. Valim, M. Filomena Plotto, Anne Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Consumer Preference for Mandarins: Implications of a Sensory Analysis SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AB Although consumption of mandarins has grown steadily in the United States, mandarin cultivars being produced and consumed have been changing. The goal of this research was to identify factors that impact consumer choice of mandarins. In this analysis, consumers were presented with multiple mandarins for taste tests and then asked to identify their willingness to purchase the products. The results from our study suggest that sweetness, shape, acidity, and flavor are the most important factors related to their willingness to try a mandarin, and factors such as seeds, size of fruit, color, and overall appearance were less important. [Econ Lit classifications: Q13]. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [House, Lisa A.; Gao, Zhifeng; Spreen, Thomas H.] Univ Florida, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gmitter, Fred G., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Valim, M. Filomena] Florida Dept Citrus, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Plotto, Anne; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] ARS, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [House, Lisa A.] Univ Florida, Florida Agr Market Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gmitter, Fred G., Jr.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL USA. RP House, LA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lahouse@ufl.edu; zfgao@ufl.edu; tspreen@ufl.edu; fgmitter@ufl.edu; fvalim@citrus.state.fl.us; Anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov; Liz.Baldwin@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Department of Citrus FX Support for this research was provided by the Florida Department of Citrus. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product is for identification only and does not imply a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Department of Agriculture prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. All mistakes are the responsibility of the authors. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD FAL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 450 EP 464 DI 10.1002/agr.20275 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 840HN UT WOS:000296430200004 ER PT J AU Bigsby, KM Tobin, PC Sills, EO AF Bigsby, Kevin M. Tobin, Patrick C. Sills, Erin O. TI Anthropogenic drivers of gypsy moth spread SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic dispersal; Lymantria dispar; Firewood; Non-native species; Spread ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; EMERALD ASH BORER; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L.; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; LEPIDOPTERA LYMANTRIIDAE; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; GRAVITY MODELS; DEFOLIATION AB The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), is a polyphagous defoliator introduced to Medford, Massachusetts in 1869. It has spread to over 860,000 km 2 in North America, but this still only represents 1/4 of its susceptible host range in the United States. To delay defoliation in the remaining susceptible host range, the government maintains a barrier zone and a quarantine, reflecting a presumption that anthropogenic factors are important in the spread of gypsy moth. We develop a model framework that relates these factors along with biophysical characteristics to a county's susceptibility to gypsy moth invasion. We then compile a dataset for counties within 200 km of the infested area and use trap catch data from 1999 to 2007 to estimate the probability of gypsy moth presence. As expected, gypsy moth is more likely to be found close to the population front and to traps that recorded moths in the previous year. However, when controlling for these factors, our most robust finding is that the use of wood for home heating and energy is consistently positively correlated with the presence of gypsy moth. In contrast, the movement of wood products by industry, which is actively regulated by state and federal governments, is rarely correlated with the presence of gypsy moth. This is consistent with effective regulation of the movement of goods by industry, but not by the public. Our findings provide empirical support for the importance and challenge of firewood as a vector for non-native forest insects. C1 [Bigsby, Kevin M.; Sills, Erin O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bigsby, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kmbigsby@ncsu.edu NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2011 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2077 EP 2090 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0027-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839EL UT WOS:000296348000012 ER PT J AU Strange, JP Koch, JB Gonzalez, VH Nemelka, L Griswold, T AF Strange, James P. Koch, Jonathan B. Gonzalez, Victor H. Nemelka, Lindsay Griswold, Terry TI Global invasion by Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): assessing potential distribution in North America and beyond SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Anthidium manicatum; Invasion dynamics; Species distribution modeling; Synanthropy; MaxEnt background data ID POLLINATOR-FRIENDLY GARDENS; NATIVE RANGE; 1ST RECORDS; BEE; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; NICHE; BUMBLEBEE; MODELS AB The wool carder bee, Anthidium manicatum, is the most widely distributed unmanaged bee in the world. It was unintentionally introduced to North America in the late 1960s from Europe, and subsequently, into South America, New Zealand and the Canary Islands. We provide information on the local distribution, seasonal abundance and sex ratio of A. manicatum from samples collected in an intensive two-year survey across Utah, USA. Anthidium manicatum was detected in 10 of the 29 Utah counties, largely in urban and suburban settings. Combining presence-only and MaxEnt background data from literature, museum databases and new records from Utah, we constructed three species distribution models to examine the potential distribution of A. manicatum in its native Eurasian range as well as invaded ranges of North and South America. The A. manicatum model based on locality and background data from the species' native range predicted 50% of the invasive records associated with high habitat suitability (HS >= 0.90). The invasive North American model predicted a much broader distribution of A. manicatum (214% increase); whereas, the South American model predicted a narrower distribution (88% decrease). The poor predictive power of the latter model in estimating suitable habitats in the invasive South American range of A. manicatum suggests that the bee may still be limited by the bioclimatic constraints associated with a novel environment. Estimates of niche similarity (D) between the native and invasive models find that the North America bioclimatic niche is more similar to the bioclimatic niche of the native model (D = 0.78), whereas the bioclimatic niche of the South America invasion is relatively dissimilar (D = 0.69). We discuss the naturalization of A. manicatum in North America, possibly through punctuated dispersal, the probability of suitable habitats across the globe and the synanthropy exhibited by this invasive species. C1 [Strange, James P.; Koch, Jonathan B.; Gonzalez, Victor H.; Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pollinating Insects Biol Management & Systemat La, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Koch, Jonathan B.; Nemelka, Lindsay] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Strange, JP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pollinating Insects Biol Management & Systemat La, 261 BNR, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM james.strange@ars.usda.gov OI Strange, James/0000-0002-9612-6868 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2011 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2115 EP 2133 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0030-y PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839EL UT WOS:000296348000015 ER PT J AU Pollak, LM Scott, MP Duvick, SA AF Pollak, Linda M. Scott, M. Paul Duvick, Susan A. TI Resistant Starch and Starch Thermal Characteristics in Exotic Corn Lines Grown in Temperate and Tropical Environments SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMYLOPECTIN FINE-STRUCTURE; WET-MILLING PROPERTIES; GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT; MAIZE PROJECT; AMYLOSE CONTENT; INBRED LINES; 2 LOCATIONS; GELATINIZATION; CROSSES; BEHAVIOR AB Corn as a food that is heated and cooled to allow starch retrogradation has higher levels of resistant starch (RS). Increasing the amount of RS can make corn an even healthier food and may be accomplished by breeding and selection, especially by using exotic germplasm. Sixty breeding lines of introgressed exotic germplasm backgrounds, selected for high yield, were grown in three tropical and temperate locations and analyzed for starch thermal characteristics and RS levels. Although actual values for all starch characteristics were within normal levels, most characteristics had significant genotypic effects, and all had significant location effects. Thermal properties of retrograded starch were more influenced by the environment than the thermal properties of raw starch, making retrograded starch traits more heritable than raw starch traits. This suggests that a breeding strategy based on retrograded starch traits will have a better chance of success than a breeding strategy based on raw starch traits. A significant genotype effect for RS levels indicates that genotypic selection to raise the level of RS and increase the healthful aspects of corn food should be successful. Significant location effects indicate that breeders using winter nurseries to accelerate their breeding progress need to be careful when making selections using RS data collected on seed grown in the tropics. A small but highly significant correlation between RS and some thermal characteristics, especially percentage of retrogradation, indicates that we may be able to select promising genotypes for RS selection based on our extensive database of thermal characteristics collected on a wide number of diverse corn lines. C1 [Pollak, Linda M.; Scott, M. Paul; Duvick, Susan A.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pollak, LM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lmpollak@gmail.com RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 FU Iowa Corn Promotion Board FX This research was supported in part by the Iowa Corn Promotion Board. We thank Kaily Chang for her assistance with DSC measurements, Adrienne Moran Lauter for her assistance with RS measurements, and Kevin Montgomery (formerly at Central Golden Harvest Research, now Syngenta) for increasing seed of the lines. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-09-10-0140 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 839KN UT WOS:000296364700001 ER PT J AU Simsek, S Whitney, K Ohm, JB Mergoum, M AF Simsek, Senay Whitney, Kristin Ohm, Jae-Bom Mergoum, Mohamed TI Refrigerated Dough Quality of Hard Red Spring Wheat: Effect of Genotype and Environment on Dough Syruping and Arabinoxylan Production SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OLIGOSACCHARIDES; VARIABILITY; COMPONENTS; WHOLEMEAL; XYLANASE; BREAD; FLOUR AB Arabinoxylans (AX) are the main nonstarch polysaccharides found in wheat flour. Structural changes of AX in refrigerated dough are linked to deleterious effects on refrigerated dough quality during storage. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of cultivar and growing environment on dough syruping during refrigerated storage in relation to apparent xylanase activity and AX chemistry in hard red spring (HRS) wheat. Eight HRS cultivars that were grown at six locations over two years in North Dakota were evaluated for dough syruping during 15 days of refrigerated storage. When compared with genotypic effect, growing environment had a greater impact on apparent xylanase activity and dough syruping; they were found to have significant associations by log-linear regression analysis. Specifically, wheat samples produced in a dry environment had lower apparent xylanase activity and degree of dough syruping than those from a wet environment. Some HRS cultivars were identified to be consistently lower in apparent xylanase activity and dough syruping across all growing environments, indicating that those cultivars had more stability over growing environment than other cultivars. These results indicate that certain cultivars that are grown in relatively dry environments in North Dakota are more suitable for use in refrigerated dough formulations. C1 [Simsek, Senay; Whitney, Kristin; Mergoum, Mohamed] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Ohm, Jae-Bom] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Simsek, S (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, POB 6050,Dept 7670, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM senay.simsek@ndsu.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 FU North Dakota Wheat Commission; North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported by grants from the North Dakota Wheat Commission and North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-03-11-0027 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 839KN UT WOS:000296364700003 ER PT J AU Souza, EJ Guttieri, M Sneller, C AF Souza, Edward J. Guttieri, Mary Sneller, Clay TI Nutritional Profile of Whole-Grain Soft Wheat Flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEALTHGRAIN DIVERSITY SCREEN; TOTAL DIETARY FIBER; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESISTANT STARCH; FOODS; FEEDSTUFFS; COMPONENTS; PRODUCTS; DIGESTIBILITY; ENVIRONMENT AB Whole-grain wheat flour is used in baking to increase fiber content and to provide vitamins from the bran layers of the kernel. We surveyed whole-grain soft flour samples from North America to determine the nutritional profile using recently revised fiber quantification protocols, Codex 2009.1. Standard compositional and vitamin analyses were also included in the survey. Three separate studies were included in the survey: sampling of commercial whole-grain soft wheat flour, a controlled study of two cultivars across three years and two locations, and a regional study of soft white and soft red grain from commercial grain production. The Codex method for fiber measurement estimated total fiber concentration in the commercial sampling at 15.1 g/100 g, dry weight basis (dwb). In the controlled research trial, the largest source of variation in total fiber concentration was attributed to year effects, followed by genotype effects. For the two locations used in this study, location effects on fiber concentration were significant but an order of magnitude less important than the year and genotype effects. The third study of regional variation within North America found limited variation for total fiber, with the resistant oligosaccharide fraction having the greatest variation in concentration. When all three studies were combined into a meta-analysis, the average total fiber concentration was 14.8 g/100 g dwb. In the meta-analysis, concentrations of folate, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pyridoxine were lower than in previous summary reports. Vitamin E and pantothenic acid were the exceptions, with concentrations that were nearly identical to previous standard reports. Several other recent studies also point to current cultivars and production systems as producing lower concentrations of the essential vitamins than previously reported. The results suggest that vitamin concentrations in diets of populations using grain-based diets from modern cereal-production systems may require review to determine if previous assumptions of vitamin consumption are accurate. C1 [Souza, Edward J.] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Guttieri, Mary; Sneller, Clay] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Souza, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM edward.souza@bayer.com FU Kraft Foods; General Mills; Kellogg Company FX The authors wish to acknowledge the technical advice of Dr. Susan Gebhardt, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, and the financial support of Kraft Foods, General Mills, and Kellogg Company. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-05-11-0066 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 839KN UT WOS:000296364700008 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Hurkman, WJ Cao, TK Gregorski, KS Tanaka, C Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Robertson, George H. Hurkman, William J. Cao, Trung K. Gregorski, Kay S. Tanaka, Charlene Glenn, Gregory M. Orts, William J. TI Wheat Flour Exposed to Ethanol Yields Dough with Unexpected Properties SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; AQUEOUS-ETHANOL; ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTION; VEGETABLE OILS; GLIADINLIKE PROTEINS; COLD-ETHANOL; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ENDOSPERM PROTEINS; WATER DISPLACEMENT; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT AB Exposure of wheat flour to ethanol solutions followed by slow drying of the ethanol in situ alters the subsequent transformation of the flour into dough. Several types of wheat flour were exposed to small amounts of ethanol solutions so as to be "wetted" but without the appearance of a separate liquid phase. The wet sample was then dried in air. Dough was formed from the treated flour, and its rheological parameters were assessed, including time to peak strength (mixograph and farinograph) and gluten index (glutomatic). Untreated and treated flour and the dough prepared therefrom were assayed using ID SDS-PAGE (reducing and unreducing conditions), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) applied to 70% leachates with and without sonication, and differential scanning calorimetry. Both gluten index and time to peak increased as a result of the treatment, and the increase was greater for flour or enriched vital gluten with an initially low gluten index than for flour with a relatively high initial index. Endosperm fragmentation following milling of the treated flour was improved by the treatment. Thermal transitions were at lower temperatures following treatment, indicating less structural order and reduced thermal stability. No compositional differences were evident when studied with robust analytical methods. CZE of leached samples (no sonication) revealed lower amounts of accessible or detected proteins following treatment. Conformational changes and new secondary interactions, therefore, appear to cause the effect. C1 [Robertson, George H.; Hurkman, William J.; Cao, Trung K.; Gregorski, Kay S.; Tanaka, Charlene; Glenn, Gregory M.; Orts, William J.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM george.robertson@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-03-11-0041 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 839KN UT WOS:000296364700013 ER PT J AU Souza, EJ Guttieri, MJ Sneller, C AF Souza, Edward J. Guttieri, Mary J. Sneller, Clay TI Water-Extractable Nonstarch Polysaccharide Distribution in Pilot Milling Analysis of Soft Winter Wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITIES; DAMAGED STARCH; PARTICLE-SIZE; FLOUR PROTEIN; STREAMS; COOKIE; ARABINOXYLANS; QUALITY; PUROINDOLINES; PENTOSANS AB Commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum em. The 11) flour milling produces flour streams that differ in water absorption levels because of variability in protein concentration, starch damaged by milling, and nonstarch polysaccharides. This study characterized the distribution of water-extractable (WE) nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) in long-flow pilot-milling streams of soft wheat to model flour quality and genetic differences among cultivars. Existing reports of millstream analysis focus on hard wheat, which breaks and reduces differently from soft wheat. Seven soft winter wheat genotypes were milled on a pilot-scale mill that yields three bleak flour streams, five reduction streams, and two resifted streams. Protein concentration increased linearly through the break streams. WENSP concentration was low and similar in the first two break streams, which are the largest break streams. Flour recovery decreased exponentially through the reduction streams; flour ash and water-extractable glucose and galactose polymers increased exponentially through the reduction streams. Protein concentration and WE xylan concentration increased linearly through the reduction streams. The ratio of arabinose to xylose in WE arabinoxylan (WEAX) decreased through the reduction streams, and response varied among the genotypes. Flour ash was not predictive of stream composition among genotypes, although within genotypes, ash and other flour components were correlated when measured across streams. The second reduction flour stream was the largest contributor to straight-grade flour WEAX because of both the size of the stream and the concentration of WEAX in the stream. C1 [Souza, Edward J.] ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Guttieri, Mary J.; Sneller, Clay] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Souza, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM edward.souza@bayer.com FU Kraft Foods; Wheat Quality Evaluation Council; USDA-ARS Midwest Area FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of Kraft Foods, the Wheat Quality Evaluation Council, and the USDA-ARS Midwest Area. The authors also acknowledge the technical assistance of Scott Beil, Amy Bugaj, and Anthony Karcher, USDA-ARS. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 88 IS 5 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-01-11-0002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 839KN UT WOS:000296364700015 ER PT J AU Yoo, J Kang, SH Jeong, J Kim, WH Kim, S Lillehoj, HS Min, W AF Yoo, Jeongmi Kang, Sung H. Jeong, Jipseol Kim, Woo H. Kim, Suk Lillehoj, Hyun S. Min, Wongi TI Effects of Simple and Disposable Chicken Cages for Experimental Eimeria Infections SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eimeria maxima; disposable cage; chickens; cardboard ID IMMUNITY; ISOLATOR; COCCIDIOSIS; PATHOGENS; TENELLA AB During experimental Eimeria infections in chickens, facilities are often contaminated by fecal oocysts known to be highly resistant to both chemical and enzymatic treatments. Thus, studies using experimental Eimeria infections have been limited due to the difficulty of complete elimination of residual oocysts from both cages and facilities. To overcome this limitation, simple, inexpensive, and disposable cages were constructed from cardboard boxes and tested during experimental Eimeria maxima infections. The cages were used in animal rooms with only a 1.7% evidence of coccidia contamination between adjacent cages. No significant differences in fecal oocyst output and body weight gain were noted between animals housed in disposable cages and animals housed in wire control cages. This cage design is a useful means for preventing oocyst contamination during experimental conditions, suggesting that this disposable cage design could be used for other avian infectious disease studies. C1 [Yoo, Jeongmi; Kang, Sung H.; Jeong, Jipseol; Kim, Woo H.; Kim, Suk; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Yoo, Jeongmi; Kang, Sung H.; Jeong, Jipseol; Kim, Woo H.; Kim, Suk; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Life Sci Res Inst, Jinju 660701, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Min, W (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, South Korea. EM wongimin@gnu.ac.kr OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 FU Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea [108168-3] FX This study was supported by the Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Forestry (108168-3), the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN SOC PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL NATL UNIV COLL MEDI PI SEOUL PA DEPT PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL, 00000, SOUTH KOREA SN 0023-4001 J9 KOREAN J PARASITOL JI Korean J. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.299 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 837CJ UT WOS:000296168400015 PM 22072833 ER PT J AU Kerlan, C Nikolaeva, OV Hu, XJ Meacham, T Gray, SM Karasev, AV AF Kerlan, Camille Nikolaeva, Olga V. Hu, Xiaojun Meacham, Teresa Gray, Stewart M. Karasev, Alexander V. TI Identification of the Molecular Make-Up of the Potato virus Y Strain PVYZ: Genetic Typing of PVYZ-NTN SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBER NECROTIC RINGSPOT; COAT PROTEIN GENE; UNITED-STATES; HYPERSENSITIVE RESISTANCE; SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; GENOME SEQUENCE; NORTH-AMERICAN; VARIABILITY; PVYNTN AB Potato virus Y (PVY) strains were originally defined by interactions with different resistance genes in standard potato cultivars. Five distinct strain groups are defined that cause local or systemic hypersensitive responses (HRs) in genetic background with a corresponding N gene: PVYO, PVYN, PVYC, PVYZ, and PVYE. The nucleotide sequences of multiple isolates of PVYO and PVYN differ from each other by approximate to 8% along their genomes. Additionally, complete genome sequences of multiple recombinant isolates are composed of segments of parental PVYO and PVYN sequences. Here, we report that recombinant isolate PVY-L26 induces an HR in potato 'Maris Bard' carrying the putative Nz gene, and is not recognized by two other resistance genes, Nc and Ny(tbr). These genetic responses in potato, combined with the inability of PVY-L26 to induce vein necrosis in tobacco, clearly define it as an isolate from the PVYZ strain group and provide the first information on genome structure and sequence of PVYZ. The genome of PVY-L26 displays typical features of European NTN-type isolates with three recombinant junctions (PVYEU-NTN), and the PVY-L26 is named PVYZ-NTN. Three typical PVYNTN isolates and two PVYN isolates, all inducing vein necrosis in tobacco, were compared with PVY-L26. One PVYNTN isolate elicited HR reactions in Maris Bard, similar to PVY-L26, while two induced a severe systemic HR-like reaction quite different from the quasi-symptomless reaction induced by two PVYN isolates. 'Yukon Gold' potato from North America produced HR against several PVYNTN isolates, including PVY-L26, but only late and limited systemic necrosis against one PVYN isolate. Consequently, according to symptoms in potato indicators, both PVYZ and PVYNTN isolates appeared biologically very close and clearly distinct from PVYO and PVYN strain groups. C1 [Kerlan, Camille; Nikolaeva, Olga V.; Hu, Xiaojun; Meacham, Teresa; Karasev, Alexander V.] Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Karasev, AV (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM akarasev@uidaho.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service NRICGP [2009-35600-05025]; USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-5354-7-540, 58-1907-8-870]; Idaho Potato Commission FX This work was funded in part through grants from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service NRICGP (number 2009-35600-05025); the USDA Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreements 58-5354-7-540 and 58-1907-8-870; and the Idaho Potato Commission. We thank R. Jones, R. Singh, and J. Valkonen for many helpful discussions; L. Ewing for potato line maintenance; E. Jacquot for providing PVYN-NZ; Z. Sielaff and A. Ferrer for help with plant inoculation and maintenance; and A. Shrestha for help in immunoassays. NR 68 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2011 VL 101 IS 9 BP 1052 EP 1060 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-11-10-0317 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 811KJ UT WOS:000294208200004 PM 21834725 ER PT J AU Cai, XK Spooner, DM Jansky, SH AF Cai, X. K. Spooner, D. M. Jansky, S. H. TI A Test of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Potato virus Y in Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Potato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SECT PETOTA; GENE; APHID; HYBRIDIZATION; STOLONIFERUM; SOLANACEAE; ETUBEROSUM; BREVIDENS; MEXICAN AB A major justification for taxonomic research is its assumed ability to predict the presence of traits in a group for which the trait has been observed in a representative subset of the group. Similarly, populations in similar environments are expected to be more alike than populations in divergent environments. Consequently, it is logical to assume that taxonomic relationships and biogeographical data have the power to predict the distribution of disease resistance phenotypes among plant species. The objective of this study was to test predictivity in a group of widely distributed wild potato species, based on hypotheses that closely related organisms (taxonomy) or organisms from similar environments (biogeography) share resistance to a simply inherited trait (Potato virus Y [PVY]). We found that wild potato species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of 1 (a measure of cross compatibility) shared resistances to PVY more than species with different EBN values. However, a large amount of variation was found for resistance to PVY among and within species. We also found that populations from low elevations were more resistant than those from high elevations. Because PVY is vectored by aphids, we speculate that the distribution of aphids may determine the level of selection pressure for PVY resistance. C1 [Spooner, D. M.; Jansky, S. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cai, X. K.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Forestry, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shelley.jansky@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [58-3655-9-761]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0316614] FX Germplasm was provided by the NRSP-6 Potato Gene Bank. This work was supported in part by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service 58-3655-9-761 to S. H. Jansky and National Science Foundation DEB 0316614 to D. M. Spooner. We thank A. Charkowski (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison) R. Groves (Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison), and Y. S. Chung (Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison) for assistance with disease screening; and P. Crump (Senior Information Processing Consultant, University of Wisconsin-Madison) for statistics advice. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2011 VL 101 IS 9 BP 1074 EP 1080 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-02-11-0060 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 811KJ UT WOS:000294208200006 PM 21834726 ER PT J AU Zhang, MQ Powell, CA Zhou, LJ He, ZL Stover, E Duan, YP AF Zhang, Muqing Powell, Charles A. Zhou, Lijuan He, Zhenli Stover, Ed Duan, Yongping TI Chemical Compounds Effective Against the Citrus Huanglongbing Bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' In Planta SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; oxytetracycline; penicillin G potassium ID REAL-TIME PCR; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE; DISEASE; COLI AB Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide and is threatening the survival of the Floridian citrus industry. Currently, there is no established cure for this century-old and emerging disease. As a possible control strategy for citrus HLB, therapeutic compounds were screened using a propagation test system with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-infected periwinkle and citrus plants. The results demonstrated that the combination of penicillin and streptomycin (PS) was effective in eliminating or suppressing the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium and provided a therapeutically effective level of control for a much longer period of time than when administering either antibiotic separately. When treated with the PS, 'Ca. L. asiaticus'infected periwinkle cuttings achieved 70% of regeneration rates versus <50% by other treatments. The 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterial titers in the infected periwinkle plants, as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, decreased significantly following root soaking or foliar spraying with PS. Application of the PS via trunk injection or root soaking also eliminated or suppressed the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium in the HLB-affected citrus plants. This may provide a useful tool for the management of citrus HLB and other Liberibacter-associated diseases. C1 [Stover, Ed; Duan, Yongping] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Zhang, Muqing; Powell, Charles A.; Zhou, Lijuan; He, Zhenli] Univ Florida, IFAS IRREC, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 FU Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program award [161, 162] FX This work was supported by the Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program award 161 and 162. We thank R. Stange and C. Latza for their excellent technical assistance in the research and L. Benyon and M. Hoffman for their critical review of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2011 VL 101 IS 9 BP 1097 EP 1103 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-10-0262 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 811KJ UT WOS:000294208200009 PM 21834727 ER PT J AU Pethybridge, SJ Gent, DH Hay, FS AF Pethybridge, Sarah J. Gent, David H. Hay, Frank S. TI Epidemics of Ray Blight on Pyrethrum are Linked to Seed Contamination and Overwintering Inoculum of Phoma ligulicola var. inoxydabilis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop loss; disease management ID FUNGICIDE-BASED MANAGEMENT; MYCOSPHAERELLA-LIGULICOLA; DOWNY MILDEW; DISEASE; FIELDS; TASMANIA; SPREAD; GENERA; YIELD AB Ray blight, caused by Phoma ligulicola var. inoxydabilis, is the most damaging disease of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) in Australia. Data collected from 72 plots in commercial pyrethrum fields since 2001 to 2009 revealed substantial annual variations in isolation frequency of the pathogen during semidormancy of the crop in autumn and winter. Isolation frequency of the pathogen during this time and subsequent outbreaks of ray blight in spring were similar across the eight production regions where sampling was conducted, and isolation frequency of the pathogen was linearly correlated (r = 0.88; P < 0.0001) with subsequent defoliation severity when plants commenced growth in spring. Isolation frequency and defoliation severity also were correlated with the incidence of seed infested with P. ligulicola var. inoxydabilis (r = 0.71 and 0.44, respectively; P < 0.0001 in both correlations). Highly accurate risk algorithms for the occurrence of severe epidemics of ray blight were constructed using logistic regression. A model based solely on isolation frequency of the pathogen over autumn and winter correctly predicted epidemic development in 92% of fields. Another model utilizing the incidence of infested seed and rain-temperature interactions in early autumn (austral March and April) and late winter (austral June and July) had similar predictive ability (92% accuracy). Path analysis modeling was used to disentangle interrelationships among the explanatory variables used in the second logistic regression model. The analysis indicated that seedborne inoculum of P. ligulicola var. inoxydabilis contributes indirectly to ray blight defoliation severity through directly increasing overwintering frequency of the pathogen. Autumn and fall weather variables were modeled to have indirect effects on defoliation severity through increasing overwintering success of the pathogen but also direct effects on defoliation severity. Collectively, the analyses point to several critical stages in the disease cycle that can be targeted to minimize the probability of regional epidemics of ray blight in this perennial pathosystem. C1 [Pethybridge, Sarah J.] Bot Resources Australia Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Ulverstone, Tas 7315, Australia. [Gent, David H.] ARS, USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hay, Frank S.] Univ Tasmania Cradle Coast campus, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. RP Pethybridge, SJ (reprint author), Bot Resources Australia Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Ulverstone, Tas 7315, Australia. EM spethybridge@pyrethrum.com.au FU Horticulture Australia Limited [PY09002]; Botanical Resources Australia-Agricultural Services Pty. Ltd.; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5358-21000-050-00]; Australian Research Council [LP100100529] FX This project was funded in part by Horticulture Australia Limited (project number PY09002), Botanical Resources Australia-Agricultural Services Pty. Ltd., and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 5358-21000-050-00. Travel of Dr. Gent to Australia was funded by the Australian Research Council-Linkage program (LP100100529). We thank. J. Scott, University of Tasmania, and J. Woods, Oregon State University, for their helpful review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2011 VL 101 IS 9 BP 1112 EP 1121 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-03-11-0067 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 811KJ UT WOS:000294208200011 PM 21501088 ER PT J AU Feng, CD Ulloa, M Claudia, PM Stewart, JM AF Feng, Chunda Ulloa, Mauricio Claudia, Perez-M Stewart, James McD. TI Distribution and molecular diversity of arborescent Gossypium species SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Gossypium; cotton; D genome; genetic resource; molecular diversity; phylogenetic relationship ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RAPD MARKERS; POLYPLOID FORMATION; COTTON CULTIVARS; ADH SEQUENCES; DNA; MALVACEAE; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; L. AB Mexico is a center of diversity of Gossypium. As currently circumscribed, arborescent Gossypium species (subsection Erioxylum) are widely distributed in dry deciduous forests located from Sinaloa in the north of its range to Oaxaca in the south of its range. However, extensive morphological variation exists among accessions from these different geographic regions. The objective of this work was to determine whether the observed morphological variation is reflected at the molecular level. Molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships were estimated with 210 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fragments and 766 amplified fragment length polymorphism fragments among 33 accessions of arborescent Gossypium, including 23 of Gossypium aridum, the most widely distributed of the arborescent Mexican diploid Gossypium species. Over 90% of the fragments were polymorphic; however, each accession contained only between 32% and 46% of the total loci. Two thirds of the loci among the G. aridum accessions had allelic frequencies lower than 80%. The genetic distance between Gossypium gossypioides (subsection Selera) and species of subsection Erioxylum ranged between 0.64 and 0.84. The genetic distance between two recognized species, Gossypium lobatum and Gossypium schwendimanii, within subsection Erioxylum was 0.32. Most molecular data support the traditional classification of Gossypium species and the geographical ecotypes of the G. aridum accessions. A newly collected accession, US-72, of subsection Erioxylum was genetically distant (range, 0.42-0.54) from the other species of the subsection. Molecular data support the recognition of this taxon as a new species. The molecular diversity among accessions of G. aridum was greater than that among the species of subsection Erioxylum. The results indicate this subsection deserves additional study to establish a defensible taxonomic treatment of the various taxa and to resolve genetically distant geographical ecotypes. C1 [Feng, Chunda; Stewart, James McD.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ulloa, Mauricio] ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Claudia, Perez-M] Ctr Invest Pacific INIFAP, Iguala 40000, Guerrero, Mexico. RP Stewart, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jstewart@uark.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Mexican agency INIFAP (ARTS Log) [530-21220-001-10S, 5303-2-F159] FX The authors would like to offer their appreciation and heartfelt thanks to the many individuals, too numerous to name, residing in the various states who contributed invaluable service, guidance, and help without which the collection of some of these accessions would have been much less fruitful. This study was partially supported by a specific cooperative agreement between the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Mexican agency INIFAP (ARTS Log Nos. 530-21220-001-10S and 5303-2-F159). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The US Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD SEP PY 2011 VL 89 IS 9 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1139/B11-042 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 837CT UT WOS:000296169400004 ER PT J AU Newsom, DM Liggitt, HD O'Rourke, K Zhuang, DY Schneider, DA Harrington, RD AF Newsom, Denise M. Liggitt, H. Denny O'Rourke, Katherine Zhuang, Dongyue Schneider, David A. Harrington, Robert D. TI Cytokine antibody array analysis in brain and periphery of scrapie-infected Tg338 mice SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Prion; Scrapie; Cytokine; TIMP-1 ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; ABNORMAL PRION PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; TISSUE; PRPSC; SHEEP; MICROGLIA; ASTROCYTE; RESPONSES; STRAINS AB Scrapie is a prion-associated transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of sheep and goats, and frequently serves as a comparative model for other prion diseases, such as chronic wasting disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. TSEs are unique neurologic disorders that do not appear to be accompanied by robust systemic immunologic responses. mRNA data suggest that cytokines are involved in scrapie progression. In this study, brain tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, splenic tissue and serum from ovinized mice were screened for 62 cytokine and cytokine-related proteins at pre-clinical and clinical points of infection. Expression patterns were compared to brain histology and clinical presentation. Increased cytokine expression in the brain and periphery were noted in scrapie-positive animals before histologic changes or clinical signs were evident. Of the 62 proteins examined, only IL-10 and TIMP-1 were consistently expressed at increased levels in the serum throughout infection. These cytokines could suggest future targets for biomarkers of infection and may, as well, provide insight into the biologic dynamics of prion-associated neurologic diseases. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Newsom, Denise M.; Liggitt, H. Denny; Harrington, Robert D.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [O'Rourke, Katherine; Zhuang, Dongyue; Schneider, David A.; Harrington, Robert D.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Newsom, DM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM newsomd@uw.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU USDA SCA [58-5348-7-466]; USDA CRIS [5348-32000-021-00D] FX We thank Hubert Laude for providing the Tg338 mice. We also thank Gina Kiske for her expert technical assistance and colony management. This research was supported in part by USDA SCA #58-5348-7-466, and USDA CRIS #5348-32000-021-00D. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 5 BP 387 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.06.001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 834FT UT WOS:000295945900002 PM 21788075 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Niogret, J Pena, JE Capinera, JL Brar, G Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Kendra, Paul E. Montgomery, Wayne S. Niogret, Jerome Pena, Jorge E. Capinera, John L. Brar, Gurpreet Epsky, Nancy D. Heath, Robert R. TI Attraction of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, to Avocado, Lychee, and Essential Oil Lures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avocado; alpha-Copaene; Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS); Litchi chinensis; Lychee; Manuka oil; Persea americana; Persea borbonia; Phoebe oil; Redbay ambrosia beetle; Sesquiterpene; Xyleborus glabratus ID FRUIT-FLY; LAUREL WILT; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTINAE; CURCULIONIDAE; RAFFAELEA; VOLATILES; LAURACEAE; DIVERSITY; SYMBIONT AB The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is an exotic wood-boring insect that vectors the mycopathogen responsible for laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. High mortality has occurred in native Persea species in the southeastern U. S., and the vector-pathogen complex poses an imminent threat to the production of commercial avocado, P. americana, in south Florida. There is a critical need for effective attractants to detect, monitor, and control this invasive pest. This study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate the response of female X. glabratus to host-based volatiles from wood of avocado (cultivars of West Indian, Guatemalan, and Mexican races); from wood of lychee (Litchi chinensis, a presumed non-host that is high in the sesquiterpene alpha-copaene, a putative attractant); and to commercial lures containing manuka and phoebe oils, two reported attractive baits. Volatile collections and GC-MS analyses were performed to quantify the sesquiterpene content of test substrates. In the field, traps baited with lychee wood captured more beetles than those with wood from avocado cultivars; traps baited with phoebe oil lures captured more beetles than those with manuka oil lures (the current monitoring tool). In field and laboratory tests, X. glabratus did not show a preference among avocado races in either attraction or host acceptance ( initiation of boring). In choice tests, lychee was more attractive than avocado initially, but a higher percentage of beetles bored into avocado, suggesting that lychee emits more powerful olfactory/visual cues, but that avocado contains more of the secondary cues necessary for host recognition. Emissions of alpha-copaene, beta-caryophyllene, and alpha-humulene were correlated with field captures, and lychee wood may be a source of additional semiochemicals for X. glabratus. C1 [Kendra, Paul E.; Montgomery, Wayne S.; Niogret, Jerome; Epsky, Nancy D.; Heath, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Pena, Jorge E.] Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Capinera, John L.; Brar, Gurpreet] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM paul.kendra@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Plant Disease Recovery System; NIFA; Florida Avocado Administrative Committee FX We gratefully acknowledge Jorge Sanchez, David Long, Ricardo Joseph, Mike Winterstein (USDA-ARS; Miami, FL), and Stephen McLean (Univ. Florida; Gainesville, FL) for technical assistance; Kate Okins and Patti Anderson (FDACS-DPI; Gainesville, FL) for identifications of ambrosia beetles and Persea, respectively; Ray Schnell (USDA-ARS; Miami, FL) for advice on avocado germplasm samples; Bud Mayfield (USDA-Forest Service; Asheville, NC), Lukasz Stelinski (Univ. Florida; Lake Alfred, FL), and two anonymous referees for critical reviews of the manuscript; and Connie Rightmire (St. John's River Water Management District; Palatka, FL) for assistance in obtaining a special use permit for the Lochloosa Wildlife Conservation Area. This work was supported in part by the USDA-ARS National Plant Disease Recovery System, a NIFA Critical Issues Grant, and the Florida Avocado Administrative Committee. This report presents the results of research only; mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 37 IS 9 BP 932 EP 942 DI 10.1007/s10886-011-9998-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836FQ UT WOS:000296096300003 PM 21789550 ER PT J AU Dafoe, NJ Huffaker, A Vaughan, MM Duehl, AJ Teal, PE Schmelz, EA AF Dafoe, Nicole J. Huffaker, Alisa Vaughan, Martha M. Duehl, Adrian J. Teal, Peter E. Schmelz, Eric A. TI Rapidly Induced Chemical Defenses in Maize Stems and Their Effects on Short-term Growth of Ostrinia nubilalis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maize; Ostrinia nubilalis; Benzoxazinoids; Kauralexins; Jasmonic acid; Ethylene ID WOUND-INDUCED CHANGES; JASMONIC ACID; HDMBOA-GLC; CORN-BORER; ZEA-MAYS; LEAVES; PLANTS; DIMBOA; ACCUMULATION; HERBIVORES AB Plants damaged by insect herbivory often respond by inducing a suite of defenses that can negatively affect an insect's growth and fecundity. Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer, ECB) is one of the most devastating insect pests of maize, and in the current study, we examined the early biochemical changes that occur in maize stems in response to ECB herbivory and how these rapidly induced defenses influence the growth of ECB. We measured the quantities of known maize defense compounds, benzoxazinoids and the kauralexin class of diterpenoid phytoalexins. ECB herbivory resulted in decreased levels of the benzoxazinoid, 2, 4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one)-beta-D-glucopyranose (DIMBOA-Glc), and a corresponding increase in 2-(2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one)-beta-D-glucopyranose (HDMBOA-Glc). Total quantities of benzoxazinoids and kauralexins were increased as early as 24 h after the initiation of ECB feeding. The plant hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), and the transcripts encoding their key biosynthetic enzymes also accumulated in response to ECB herbivory, consistent with a role in defense regulation. The combined pharmacological application of JA and the ET precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid to stem internode tissue likewise resulted in changes in benzoxazinoids similar to that observed with ECB damage. Despite the fact that maize actively mounts a defense response to ECB stem feeding, no differences in percent weight gain were observed between ECB larvae that fed upon non-wounded control tissues compared to tissues obtained from plants previously subjected to 24 h ECB stem herbivory. These rapid defense responses in maize stems do not appear to negatively impact ECB growth, thus suggesting that ECB have adapted to these induced biochemical changes. C1 [Dafoe, Nicole J.; Huffaker, Alisa; Vaughan, Martha M.; Duehl, Adrian J.; Teal, Peter E.; Schmelz, Eric A.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Dafoe, Nicole J.; Huffaker, Alisa; Vaughan, Martha M.; Duehl, Adrian J.; Teal, Peter E.; Schmelz, Eric A.] ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Dafoe, NJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM nicole.dafoe@ars.usda.gov OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 37 IS 9 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1007/s10886-011-0002-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836FQ UT WOS:000296096300008 PM 21833765 ER PT J AU Ott, DS Yanchuk, AD Huber, DPW Wallin, KF AF Ott, Daniel S. Yanchuk, Alvin D. Huber, Dezene P. W. Wallin, Kimberly F. TI Genetic Variation of Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, Chemical and Physical Defenses that Affect Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, Attack and Tree Mortality SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus ponderosae; Disease; Fungal associate; Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID); Grosmannia clavigera; Heritability; Lodgepole pine; Plant defense; Pinus contorta latifolia; Plant pathology; Resin secondary metabolites; Terpenoids ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BARK BEETLES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SCOTS PINE; IPS-PINI; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; MONOTERPENE; RESISTANCE; OLEORESIN AB Plant secondary chemistry is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and while large intra-specific variation in secondary chemistry has been reported frequently, the levels of genetic variation of many secondary metabolites in forest trees in the context of potential resistance against pests have been rarely investigated. We examined the effect of tree genotype and environment/site on the variation in defensive secondary chemistry of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, against the fungus, Grosmannia clavigera (formerly known as Ophiostoma clavigerum), associated with the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae. Terpenoids were analyzed in phloem samples from 887, 20-yr-old trees originating from 45 half-sibling families planted at two sites. Samples were collected both pre- and post-inoculation with G. clavigera. Significant variation in constitutive and induced terpenoid compounds was attributed to differences among families. The response to the challenge inoculation with G. clavigera was strong for some individual compounds, but primarily for monoterpenoids. Environment (site) also had a significant effect on the accumulation of some compounds, whereas for others, no significant environmental effect occurred. However, for a few compounds significant family x environment interactions were found. These results suggest that P. c. latifolia secondary chemistry is under strong genetic control, but the effects depend on the individual compounds and whether or not they are expressed constitutively or following induction. C1 [Ott, Daniel S.; Wallin, Kimberly F.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Ott, Daniel S.; Huber, Dezene P. W.; Wallin, Kimberly F.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. [Yanchuk, Alvin D.] British Columbia Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Wallin, Kimberly F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05404 USA. RP Wallin, KF (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM kwallin@uvm.edu OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 FU British Columbia Forest Service; Oregon State University; University of Vermont; USDA Forest Service FX This work was funded by British Columbia Forest Service grant to K. F. W. and A.D.Y.; support from Oregon State University and University of Vermont and USDA Forest Service to K. F. W. The authors thank Andrea Scott, Marco Hernandez, Matthew Klingenberg, Jeff Selesnic, Erin Clark, Dr. Staffan Lindgren, Dr. Ian Hartley (University of Northern British Columbia) and Bonnie Hooge, Dr. Michael Carlson, Bonnie E. Lee, Nicholas Ukrainetz, John Murphy (B. C. Forest Service) Carolyn Goodwin Kueffner, Marcia Caldwell, Dr. Alan Howard, Drew Cameron, Sarah Pears and Dan Comerford (University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources) and Dr. Paul Schaberg (USDA Forest Service) for assistance in the field and laboratory. The authors thank Clive Dawson and David Dunn (British Columbia Forest Service Analytical Chemistry lab) for assistance in processing all analytical chemistry samples. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1002 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/s10886-011-0003-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836FQ UT WOS:000296096300010 PM 21845434 ER PT J AU Li, G Zhang, WJ Laritsky, E Baker, MS Waterland, RA AF Li, Ge Zhang, Wenjuan Laritsky, Eleonora Baker, Maria S. Waterland, Robert A. TI DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Profound Epigenetic Differences between Hypothalamic Neurons and Gila SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Ge; Zhang, Wenjuan; Laritsky, Eleonora; Baker, Maria S.; Waterland, Robert A.] ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 2040-1744 J9 J DEV ORIG HLTH DIS JI J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 SU 1 BP S90 EP S90 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 837CK UT WOS:000296168500302 ER PT J AU Zhang, WJ Laritsky, E Baker, MS Shen, LL Waterland, RA AF Zhang, Wenjuan Laritsky, Eleonora Baker, Maria S. Shen, Lanlan Waterland, Robert A. TI Identification and Characterization of Human Metastable Epialleles SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Wenjuan; Laritsky, Eleonora; Baker, Maria S.; Shen, Lanlan; Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 2040-1744 J9 J DEV ORIG HLTH DIS JI J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 2 SU 1 BP S20 EP S21 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 837CK UT WOS:000296168500064 ER PT J AU Schaefer, R Zanella, JRC Brentano, L Vincent, AL Ritterbusch, GA Silveira, S Caron, L Mores, N AF Schaefer, Rejane Zanella, Janice R. C. Brentano, Liana Vincent, Amy L. Ritterbusch, Giseli A. Silveira, Simone Caron, Luizinho Mores, Nelson TI Isolation and characterization of a pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in pigs in Brazil SO PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE Swine; influenza virus; pandemic influenza H1N1 virus; hemagglutinin gene; Brazil ID A VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICA; SWINE; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; EMERGENCE; FARM; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Schaefer R., Zanella J.R.C., Brentano L., Vincent A. L., Ritterbusch G. A., Silveira S., Caron L. & Mores N. 2011. Isolation and characterization of a pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in pigs in Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 31(9): 761-767. Embrapa Swine and Poultry Research Center, BR153, Km110, Vila Tamandua, Concordia, SC 89700000, Brazil. E-mail: rejane@cnpsa.embrapa.br Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are endemic in pork producing countries around the world. The emergence of the pandemic 2009 human H1N1 influenza A virus (pH1N1) raised questions about the occurrence of this virus in Brazilian swine population. During a 2009-2010 swine influenza virus research project at Embrapa Swine and Poultry (CNPSA), an outbreak of a highly transmissible H1N1 influenza A virus disease was detected in a pig herd in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The virus caused a mild disease in growing pigs and sows without mortality. Three clinically affected piglets were euthanized. Gross lesions included mild to moderate consolidation of cranioventral areas of the lung. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by necrotizing obliterative bronchiolitis and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against type A influenza virus nucleoprotein revealed positive staining in the nuclei of the bronchiolar epithelial cells. Lung tissue from three piglets and nasal swabs from five sows and four piglets were positive for influenza A by RT-PCR. Influenza virus was isolated from one lung, later confirmed by the hemagglutination test (HA titer 1: 128) and RT-PCR. Sequence analyses of Hemmaglutinin (HA) and Matrix (M) genes revealed that the virus was consistent with the pandemic (A/H1N1) 2009 influenza virus strain that circulated in humans. This is the first report of an outbreak of pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus in pigs in Brazil. C1 [Schaefer, Rejane; Zanella, Janice R. C.; Brentano, Liana; Ritterbusch, Giseli A.; Silveira, Simone; Caron, Luizinho; Mores, Nelson] Embrapa Suinos & Aves, BR-89700000 Concordia, SC, Brazil. [Vincent, Amy L.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Schaefer, R (reprint author), Embrapa Swine & Poultry Res Ctr, BR153,Km110, BR-89700000 Concordia, SC, Brazil. EM rejane@cnpsa.embrapa.br RI Schaefer, Rejane/F-5326-2015; Zanella, Janice/C-3632-2014; Brentano, Liana/N-2523-2016 OI Brentano, Liana/0000-0002-1227-176X FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) [578102/2008-0] FX This study was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq Proc. 578102/2008-0, Brazil). The authors acknowledge Marisete F. Schiochet for technical assistance and Dr. Raquel R. Rech for critically reading the manuscript. GAR and SS have a grant from CNPq (DTI 2 and PIBIC, respectively). NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU REVISTA PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA PI RIO JANEIRO PA EMBRAPA-SAUDE ANIMAL, KM47 SEROPEDICA, 23851-970 RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SN 0100-736X J9 PESQUISA VET BRASIL JI Pesqui. Vet. Bras. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 31 IS 9 BP 761 EP 767 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 835GS UT WOS:000296024800007 ER PT J AU Carmo-Silva, AE Salvucci, ME AF Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete Salvucci, Michael E. TI The activity of Rubisco's molecular chaperone, Rubisco activase, in leaf extracts SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rubisco; Molecular chaperone; Heat stress; CO2 assimilation; AAA plus protein; Photosynthesis ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; MODERATELY HIGH-TEMPERATURES; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SELF-ASSOCIATION; HEAT-STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; PURIFICATION AB Rubisco frequently undergoes unproductive interactions with its sugar-phosphate substrate that stabilize active sites in an inactive conformation. Restoring catalytic competence to these sites requires the "molecular chiropractic" activity of Rubisco activase (activase). To make the study of activase more routine and physiologically relevant, an assay was devised for measuring activase activity in leaf extracts based on the ATP-dependent activation of inactive Rubisco. Control experiments with an Arabidopsis activase-deficient mutant confirmed that the rate of Rubisco activation was dependent on the concentration of activase in the extracts. Activase catalyzed Rubisco activation at rates equivalent to 9-14% catalytic sites per min in desalted extracts of Arabidopsis, camelina, tobacco, cotton, and wheat. Faster rates were observed in a transgenic line of Arabidopsis that expresses only the beta-isoform of activase, whereas no activity was detected in a line that expresses only the a-isoform. Activase activity was also low or undetectable in rice, maize, and Chlamydomonas, revealing differences in the stability of the enzyme in different species. These differences are discussed in terms of the ability of activase subunits to remain associated or to reassociate into active oligomers when the stromal milieu is diluted by extraction. Finally, the temperature response of activase activity in leaf extracts differed for Arabidopsis, camelina, tobacco, and cotton, corresponding to the respective temperature responses of photosynthesis for each species. These results confirmed the exceptional thermal lability of activase at physiological ratios of activase to Rubisco. C1 [Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete; Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Carmo-Silva, AE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM elizabete.carmo-silva@ars.usda.gov; mike.salvucci@ars.usda.gov RI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/G-7437-2012 OI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/0000-0001-6059-9359 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AI02-97ER20268] FX This study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Photosynthetic Systems Grant DE-AI02-97ER20268 (M. E. S.). The authors thank Suzanne Blevins for assistance with plant growth. We also acknowledge Professor George Lorimer (University of Maryland, USA) for suggesting the term molecular chiropractic. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 108 IS 2-3 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s11120-011-9667-8 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838HY UT WOS:000296279900006 PM 21728079 ER PT J AU Durmaz, E Coruh, C Dinler, G Grusak, MA Peleg, Z Saranga, Y Fahima, T Yazici, A Ozturk, L Cakmak, I Budak, H AF Durmaz, Emel Coruh, Ceyda Dinler, Gizem Grusak, Micheal A. Peleg, Zvika Saranga, Yashua Fahima, Tzion Yazici, Atilla Ozturk, Levent Cakmak, Ismail Budak, Hikmet TI Expression and Cellular Localization of ZIP1 Transporter Under Zinc Deficiency in Wild Emmer Wheat SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Triticum turgidum ssp dicoccoides; Zinc transport; Heterologous expression; ZRT/IRT-like proteins ID METAL-ION TRANSPORT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PROTEIN; FAMILY; IRON; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; GENOTYPES AB Zinc deficiency is a common problem leading to severe decreases in grain yield and has detrimental effects on nutritional quality in cereals. Wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, exhibits a potential genetic resource for wheat improvement due to its compatibility with modern wheat. In this study, Zn deficiency response of wild progenitors and modern wheat were examined using molecular and physiological approaches with plants grown under various Zn concentrations. The results revealed wide variation in response to Zn deficiency between wild emmer accessions. Among the wild emmer accessions studied, accession MM 5/4 was found to be most tolerant and accession 19-36 was the most sensitive to Zn deficiency. To better understand Zn transport mechanisms in wild emmer wheat, we analyzed the expression patterns of a ZRT/IRT-like gene, Zrt-, Irt-like protein (ZIP)1, in the roots and shoots of several accessions that were maintained on different concentrations of Zn. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that ZIP1 transcript levels are elevated with decreasing Zn supply in all accessions. Particularly, ZIP1 transcript accumulation was lower in the roots of accession MM 5/4 while the susceptible, 19-36 accession, has elevated levels of ZIP1 transcript, revealing a Zn deficiency response for this genotype. We also identified and cloned a full-length ZIP1 transporter, named TdZIP1, and further analyzed the corresponding protein sequence for structural attributes. Under Zn deficiency, deleting the last 20 amino acids from the last transmembrane domain of TdZIP1 and tagging with GFP resulted in endoplasmic reticulum localization. Functional expression of the isolated TdZIP1 using Zn-uptake defective Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on limiting Zn media showed that it could indeed transport Zn. However, overexpression of this transporter causes excess accumulation of Zn in the cells, thus generating a toxic environment. Overall, our results indicate the possibility of using Triticum dicoccoides for the genetic improvement of zinc deficiency tolerance in wheat. C1 [Durmaz, Emel; Coruh, Ceyda; Dinler, Gizem; Yazici, Atilla; Ozturk, Levent; Cakmak, Ismail; Budak, Hikmet] Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, Biol Sci & Bioengn Program, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Grusak, Micheal A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Peleg, Zvika; Saranga, Yashua] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Fahima, Tzion] Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Fahima, Tzion] Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. RP Budak, H (reprint author), Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, Biol Sci & Bioengn Program, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. EM budak@sabanciuniv.edu RI Ozturk, Levent/H-3092-2011; Cakmak, Ismail/A-2257-2009; Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; OI Ozturk, Levent/0000-0002-0189-8196; Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Peleg, Zvi/0000-0001-8063-1619 FU HarvestPlus Biofortification Challenge Program; Turkish National Academy of Sciences (TUBA-GEBIP) FX This project was partially supported by HarvestPlus Biofortification Challenge Program (www.harvestplus.org) and Turkish National Academy of Sciences (TUBA-GEBIP) Award. Authors acknowledge Safak Isil Nalbant for technical assistance in FACS experiment. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 29 IS 3 BP 582 EP 596 DI 10.1007/s11105-010-0264-3 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 836AP UT WOS:000296078800009 ER PT J AU Jordan, MJ Barrett, RH Purcell, KL AF Jordan, Mark J. Barrett, Reginald H. Purcell, Kathryn L. TI Camera trapping estimates of density and survival of fishers Martes pennanti SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camera trapping; density estimation; fisher; mark-resight; Martes pennanti; mesocarnivore; Sierra Nevada; survival rate estimation ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; TAG LOSS; POPULATION-SIZE; MARKED ANIMALS; NONINVASIVE TECHNIQUES; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; FOREST CARNIVORES; ROBUST DESIGN; RESIGHT DATA; ABUNDANCE AB Developing efficient monitoring strategies for species of conservation concern is critical to ensuring their persistence. We have developed a method using camera traps to estimate density and survival in mesocarnivores and tested it on a population of fishers Martes pennanti in an area of approximately 300 km(2) of the southern Sierra Nevada mountains in California. Fishers in this region are isolated from other populations by a gap of approximately 400 km, and the status of individual populations in the southern Sierra Nevada is poorly understood, making management decisions difficult. We caught fishers in live traps, marked them with ear tags, and resighted them with camera traps. We measured latency to first detection and detection rate to compare our results to previous camera trapping studies of fishers. We used the robust design Poisson log-normal mixed-effects mark-resight model to obtain annual estimates of density and apparent survival. Our values for latency to first detection and detection rate were slightly lower than those obtained by previous studies. Fishers in this isolated region occur at lower densities than at other locations across their range with only approximately 6-11 animals/100 km(2). Their average annual, adult survival rate (0.94) was comparable to that found in other studies, though this parameter had very low precision. We experienced relatively high levels of tag loss in our study, suggesting our estimates of abundance are biased upward. We provide recommendations for improving the precision and accuracy of results obtained from this type of study. Our results demonstrate a novel application of mark-resight methods to estimate density and survival for mesocarnivores. These estimates provide timely information to managers about fishers at the local population level in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains. C1 [Jordan, Mark J.; Barrett, Reginald H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Purcell, Kathryn L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Jordan, MJ (reprint author), Green Mt Coll, Div Sci & Outdoor Leadership, 1 Brennan Circle, Poultney, VT 05764 USA. EM jordanm@greenmtn.edu; rbarrett@calmail.berkeley.edu; kpurcell@fs.fed.us RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station and Region 5; University of California, Agricultural Experiment Station [6896MS]; California Department of Fish and Game [S0285008]; UC Berkeley; Sigma Xi FX primary funding for this work was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station and Region 5 and the University of California, Agricultural Experiment Station (Project 6896MS). Additional funding was provided by the California Department of Fish and Game (contract #S0285008), the UC Berkeley Wildlife Graduate Student Fund and the UC Berkeley and national chapters of Sigma Xi. E. Lacey, P. Palsboll and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We would like to thank Southern California Edison for allowing us access to their land. The following people provided invaluable help in the field: S. Bergh, E. Blevins, D. Drynan, D. Duffy, A. Fogg, K. Goldie, A. Mazzoni, S. Mullen, L. Nason, J. Schneiderman, C. Seek, K. Sesser and J. Wright. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 48 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 17 IS 3 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.2981/09-091 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 833OF UT WOS:000295894100005 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ Orwig, DA AF Dodds, Kevin J. Orwig, David A. TI An invasive urban forest pest invades natural environments - Asian longhorned beetle in northeastern US hardwood forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; UNITED-STATES; ACER-SACCHARUM; NEW-YORK; CERAMBYCIDAE; MANAGEMENT; BORER; INFESTATIONS AB An infestation of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) was detected in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 2008. The discovery of this pest, previously only seen in urban environments of North America, led to the unprecedented establishment of a 243 km(2) quarantine zone that included urban parks, neighborhoods, and natural forests. Because ALB behavior in forested stands is virtually unknown, two closed-canopied forested stands (Bovenzi and De lava!) infested with ALB within this zone were sampled during 2008-2010 to document stand conditions, assess ALB host selection, and determine ALB impact on tree growth. Thirty-two percent of the Acer sampled in Bovenzi were infested with ALB compared with 63% in Delaval. In Delaval where three maple host species were available, ALB was found more often in Acer rubrum L. than in Acer saccharum Marsh. or Acer platanoides L. Radial growth patterns did not differ between ALB-infested and uninfested Acer trees in Bovenzi. In contrast, ALB-infested trees in De laval were significantly older and larger than uninfested trees and exhibited slower radial growth and ring width index patterns compared with uninfested trees. Results suggest that if left uncontrolled, ALB can readily disperse into natural forest landscapes and alter the makeup of North America's hardwood forest region. C1 [Dodds, Kevin J.] USDA, Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Orwig, David A.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kdodds@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry [09-CA-11420004-307] FX The authors wish to thank US Forest Service Forest Health Protection staff, including Michael Bohne, Robert Cooke, Garret Dubois, Angela Maddux-Hammond, Tom Rawinski, and Dennis Souto, for assistance conducting stand surveys. Clint McFarland (USDA APHIS) and Ken Gooch (Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation) helped gain access to the two forest stands for survey work. The Greater Worcester Land Trust allowed access to the Bovenzi Natural Area. John Stanovick (US Forest Service Northern Research Station) provided assistance with statistical analysis. David Foster, Glenn Motzkin, John O'keefe, Jean Turgeon, and two anonymous reviewers provided critical comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Part of this research was funded by a US Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry grant to Harvard Forest (cooperative agreement 09-CA-11420004-307). This paper is a contribution of the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research Program. NR 55 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 73 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1729 EP 1742 DI 10.1139/X11-097 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 834VS UT WOS:000295992900001 ER PT J AU Weiland, JE Leon, AL Edmonds, RL Littke, WR Browning, JE Davis, A Beck, BR Miller, TW Cherry, ML Rose, R AF Weiland, Jerry E. Leon, Anna L. Edmonds, Robert L. Littke, Willis R. Browning, John E. Davis, Anne Beck, Bryan R. Miller, Timothy W. Cherry, Marilyn L. Rose, Robin TI The effects of methyl bromide alternatives on soil and seedling pathogen populations, weeds, and seedling morphology in Oregon and Washington forest nurseries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-COMMUNE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Five fumigation treatments (a conventional methyl bromide-chloropicrin application and four reduced-rate alternative fumigant treatments) and a nonfumigated treatment were evaluated at two forest nurseries in Oregon and one forest nursery in Washington for their effects on soil pathogen populations, weeds, and seedling morphology during a 2-year study. The effect of plastic tarp composition on fumigant efficacy was also evaluated (virtually impermeable film versus high-density polyethylene). All fumigant treatments reduced soil populations of Fusarium and Pythium for up to 7 months after fumigation and resulted in seedlings with significantly less pathogen colonization than those from the nonfumigated treatment. All fumigant treatments were more effective against pathogen inoculum buried at 15 cm rather than at 30 cm. Fusarium commune Skovgaard, O'Donnell et Nirenberg, Fusarium agsporum Schlect. emend. Snyder & Hansen, isolates from the Gibberella fujikuroi Saw. complex, Pythium irregulare Buisman, Pythium aff spiculum B. Paul 2006, Pythium sylvaticum Campbell & Hendrix, and Pythium 'vipa' Hermansen & Klemsdal were the most commonly isolated pathogens. Weed biomass and weeding times were significantly reduced by fumigation, but only at the Washington nursery with high weed pressure. No significant differences were observed in efficacy between the conventional methyl bromide-chloropicrin treatment and any of the reduced rate fumigants or between the two types of plastic tarp. Conifer seedling height, diameter, shoot volume, and root volume were significantly greater in all fumigated treatments compared with the nonfumigated treatment. C1 [Weiland, Jerry E.; Davis, Anne; Beck, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Weiland, Jerry E.; Davis, Anne; Beck, Bryan R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leon, Anna L.; Edmonds, Robert L.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Littke, Willis R.; Browning, John E.] Weyerhaeuser Forestry Res Ctr, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. [Miller, Timothy W.] Washington State Univ, NW Washington Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Cherry, Marilyn L.; Rose, Robin] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Weiland, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jerry.weiland@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX The authors thank Jack Pinkerton and Duncan Kroese for technical assistance. Financial support was provided by the USDA-ARS Pacific Area Wide Pest Management Program for Methyl Bromide Alternatives. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1885 EP 1896 DI 10.1139/X11-103 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 834VS UT WOS:000295992900013 ER PT J AU Backoulou, GF Elliott, NC Giles, K Phoofolo, M Catana, V Mirik, M Michels, J AF Backoulou, Georges F. Elliott, Norman C. Giles, Kristopher Phoofolo, Mpho Catana, Vasile Mirik, Mustafa Michels, Jerry TI Spatially discriminating Russian wheat aphid induced plant stress from other wheat stressing factors SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Russian wheat aphid; Plant stress; Spatial pattern metrics; Discriminant function analysis ID EDAPHIC FACTORS; WINTER-WHEAT; HOMOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; HEMIPTERA; COLORADO; SYSTEM; DAMAGE; WEEDS; SCALE AB The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) is a major pest of winter wheat and barley in the United States. RWA induces stress to the wheat crop by damaging plant foliage, lowering the greenness of plants, and affecting productivity. The utilization of multispectral remote sensing is effective at detecting plant stress in agricultural crops. Stress to wheat plants detected in fields can be caused by several factors that can vary spatially in their presence and intensity across a field. Stress can result from factors such as nutrient deficiency, drought, diseases, and pests that can occur individually or collectively. The present study investigated the potential of using spatial pattern metrics derived from multispectral images in combination with topographic and edaphic variables to identify a set of variables to differentiate the stress induced by RWA from other stress causing factors. A discriminant function analysis was applied to 15 discriminating variables. A set of 13 variables were retained to develop a model to differentiate the three types of stress. Overall, 97 percent of patches of stress used to validate the model were correctly categorized. Stressed patches caused by RWA were 98 percent correctly classified, patches caused by drought were 94 percent correctly classified, and patches caused by agronomic conditions were 99 correctly classified. It is possible to discriminate stress induced by RWA from other stress causing factors in multispectral data when spatial attributes of the stress causing factors are incorporated in the analysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Backoulou, Georges F.] Oklahoma State Univ, OSU Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Elliott, Norman C.] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Mirik, Mustafa] Texas AgriLife Res, S Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Michels, Jerry] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, W Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Backoulou, GF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, OSU Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM Georges.Backoulou@okstate.edu FU USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management [0500-00044-012-00D]; Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology [PSA08-01] FX We thank Tim Johnson, Aaron Miller, and Monte Stewart for assistance with all technical aspects of the project. This study was supported by USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Grant 0500-00044-012-00D and Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, Applied Plant Science Research Program Grant PSA08-01. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.06.005 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 831VJ UT WOS:000295758900001 ER PT J AU Beckman, J Hertel, T Tyner, W AF Beckman, Jayson Hertel, Thomas Tyner, Wallace TI Validating energy-oriented CGE models SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Energy; Model validation; GTAP-E ID GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL; FACTOR DEMAND; INTERFUEL SUBSTITUTION; GASOLINE DEMAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERFACTOR/INTERFUEL SUBSTITUTION; COINTEGRATION TECHNIQUES; CRUDE-OIL; ELASTICITIES; EMISSIONS AB Although CGE models have received heavy usage - particularly in the analysis of broad-based policies relating to energy, climate and trade, they are often criticized as being insufficiently validated. Key parameters are often not econometrically estimated, and the performance of the model as a whole is rarely checked against historical outcomes. As a consequence, questions frequently arise as to how much faith one can put in CGE results. In this paper, we employ a novel approach to the validation of a widely utilized global CGE model - GTAP-E. By comparing the variance of model-generated petroleum price distributions - driven by historical demand and supply shocks to the model - with observed five-year moving average price distributions, we conclude that energy demand in GTAP-E is far too price-elastic over this medium run time frame. After incorporating the latest econometric estimates of energy demand and supply elasticities, we revisit the validation question and find the model to perform more satisfactorily. As a further check, we compare a deterministic global general equilibrium simulation, based on historical realizations over the five year period: 2001-2006, during which petroleum prices rose sharply, along with growing global energy demands. As anticipated by the stochastic simulations, the revised model parameters perform much better than the original GTAP-E parameters in this global, general equilibrium context. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Beckman, Jayson] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hertel, Thomas; Tyner, Wallace] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Beckman, J (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM JBeckman@ers.usda.gov NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 BP 799 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.01.005 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 825SE UT WOS:000295301600010 ER PT J AU Dror, DK Allen, LH AF Dror, Daphna K. Allen, Lindsay H. TI The importance of milk and other animal-source foods for children in low-income countries SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Animal-source foods; children; developing country; growth; milk ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; KENYAN SCHOOL-CHILDREN; WHOLE COWS MILK; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; BONE-MINERAL ACCRETION; INTESTINAL BLOOD-LOSS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IODINE CONCENTRATION; FORTIFIED MILK AB Background. Milk and other animal-source foods are concentrated dietary sources of macro- and micronutrients. Despite a global increase in milk production and consumption over the past decades, milk and other animal-source foods are often lacking in the diets of children in developing countries. Objective. To evaluate the importance of milk and other animal-source food intake in promoting the growth, development, and health of children in low-income countries. Methods. Original research articles describing observational and intervention studies with unfortified milk, fortified milk, and other animal-source foods in children were identified by searching the PubMed database. Results. Consumption of milk and other animal-source foods by undernourished children improves anthropometric indices and cognitive function and reduces the prevalence of biochemical and functional nutritional deficiencies, reducing morbidity and mortality. Unfortified and fortified milk used in supplementation trials has been well tolerated and widely accepted by parents and children. Conclusions. To improve the dietary quality of children in low-income countries and further the effort to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger in accordance with the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, additional research is necessary to identify and implement programs and policy supporting increased intake of milk and other animal-source foods. C1 [Dror, Daphna K.] ARS, Allen Lab, USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dror, DK (reprint author), ARS, Allen Lab, USDA, WHNRC, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkdror@ucdavis.edu NR 133 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 22 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 227 EP 243 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DD UT WOS:000295861100007 PM 22073797 ER PT J AU von Jan, M Riegger, N Potter, G Schumann, P Verbarg, S Sproer, C Rohde, M Lauer, B Labeda, DP Klenk, HP AF von Jan, Mathias Riegger, Nicole Poetter, Gabriele Schumann, Peter Verbarg, Susanne Sproeer, Cathrin Rohde, Manfred Lauer, Bettina Labeda, David P. Klenk, Hans-Peter TI Kroppenstedtia eburnea gen. nov., sp nov., a thermoactinomycete isolated by environmental screening, and emended description of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae Matsuo et al. 2006 emend. Yassin et al. 2009 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MENAQUINONES; PROPOSAL; ACID AB A Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, filamentous bacterium, strain JFMB-ATE(T), was isolated in 2008 during environmental screening of a plastic surface in grade C in a contract manufacturing organization in southern Germany. The isolate grew at temperatures of 25-50 degrees C and at pH 5.0-8.5, forming ivory-coloured colonies with sparse white aerial mycelia. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, except that the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, while all previously described members of this family display this diagnostic diamino acid in meso-conformation. The DNA G + C content of the novel strain was 54.6 mol%, the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major menaquinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids had saturated C(14)-C(16) branched chains. No diagnostic sugars were detected. Based on the chemotaxonomic results and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel genus and species, Kroppenstedtia eburnea gen. nov. sp. nov. The type strain is JFMB-ATE(T) (=DSM 45196(T) =NRRL B-24804(T) =CCUG 59226(T)). C1 [von Jan, Mathias; Poetter, Gabriele; Schumann, Peter; Verbarg, Susanne; Sproeer, Cathrin; Klenk, Hans-Peter] DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Culture, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Riegger, Nicole; Lauer, Bettina] Vetter Pharma Fertigung GmbH & Co KG, Microbiol, D-88212 Ravensburg, Germany. [Rohde, Manfred] HZI Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Labeda, David P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Klenk, HP (reprint author), DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Culture, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. EM hpk@dsmz.de NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 61 BP 2304 EP 2310 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.026179-0 PN 9 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 827MJ UT WOS:000295432300047 PM 20971832 ER PT J AU Li, B Beeman, RW Park, Y AF Li, Bin Beeman, Richard W. Park, Yoonseong TI Functions of duplicated genes encoding CCAP receptors in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neuropeptide; Gene duplication; GPCR; Ecdysis; Heartbeat; Molting; Evolution; Tribolium ID CRUSTACEAN CARDIOACTIVE PEPTIDE; CRAB CARCINUS-MAENAS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ECDYSIS BEHAVIOR; SHORE CRAB; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; NEUROPEPTIDE CCAP; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; INNATE BEHAVIOR AB Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) is a nonapeptide originally isolated from the shore crab. Carcinus maenas, based on its cardioacceleratory activity. This peptide is highly conserved in insects and other arthropods. In insects CCAP also has an essential role in ecdysis behavior. We previously identified two homologous genes, ccapr-1 and ccapr-2, encoding putative CCAP receptors in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In contrast, some insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, carry only one gene encoding a CCAP receptor. Phylogenetic analysis of putative CCAP receptor orthologs reveals a number of independent gene duplications in several insect lineages. In this study, we confirmed that CCAP activates both putative T. castaneum receptors in a heterologous expression system. RNA interference (RNAi) of ccapr-1 and ccapr-2 revealed that ccapr-2 is essential for eclosion behavior in T. castaneum, while RNAi for ccapr-1 did not result in any abnormal phenotype. In vivo cardioacceleratory activity of exogenously applied CCAP was abolished by RNAi of ccapr-2, but not by that of ccapr-1. Thus, only ccapr-2 mediates the cardioacceleratory function, ccapr-1 having apparently lost both functions for eclosion behavior and for cardioacceleration since the recent gene duplication event. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Bin; Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Park, Y (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ypark@ksu.edu FU USDA-NRI-CSREES [2007-35604-17759] FX We thank Dr. Kun Yan Zhu for a review of the earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by USDA-NRI-CSREES 2007-35604-17759. This article is Contribution No. 12-006-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. All programs and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis, without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1190 EP 1197 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.05.011 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 827PZ UT WOS:000295441700003 PM 21708161 ER PT J AU Sun, R Notari, L Vanuytsel, T Stiltz, JA Wynn, T Urban, JF Zhao, A Shea-Donohue, T AF Sun, R. Notari, L. Vanuytsel, T. Stiltz, J. A. Wynn, T. Urban, J. F. Zhao, A. Shea-Donohue, T. TI Rethinking the role of claudin-2 in IL-13-mediated changes in intestinal permeability SO NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sun, R.; Notari, L.; Vanuytsel, T.; Stiltz, J. A.; Zhao, A.; Shea-Donohue, T.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sun, R.; Notari, L.; Vanuytsel, T.; Stiltz, J. A.; Zhao, A.; Shea-Donohue, T.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, MBRC, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Wynn, T.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Urban, J. F.] USDA, DGIL, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1350-1925 J9 NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL JI Neurogastroenterol. Motil. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 SU 1 SI SI MA 152 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 822NL UT WOS:000295055100152 ER PT J AU Yang, Z Grinchuk, V Smith, A Stiltz, J Sun, R Notari, L Yan, S Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T Zhao, A AF Yang, Z. Grinchuk, V. Smith, A. Stiltz, J. Sun, R. Notari, L. Yan, S. Urban, J. F. Shea-Donohue, T. Zhao, A. TI Impaired host Th2 immunity against nematode infection in mice with diet-induced obesity SO NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USDA, DGIL, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1350-1925 J9 NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL JI Neurogastroenterol. Motil. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 23 SU 1 SI SI MA 154 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 822NL UT WOS:000295055100154 ER PT J AU Jilcott, SB Moore, JB Shores, KA Imai, S McGranahan, DA AF Jilcott, Stephanie B. Moore, Justin B. Shores, Kindal A. Imai, Satomi McGranahan, David A. TI Associations Between Natural Amenities, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index in 100 North Carolina Counties SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE Environment; Physical Activity; Obesity; Prevention Research ID ENVIRONMENT AB Purpose. To examine associations between county-level natural amenities, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI). Design and Setting. Cross-sectional study among 100 North Carolina counties. Measures. We obtained percentage of county residents meeting PA criteria and county-wide means for reported height and weight from the North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, combining years 2003,2005, and 2007. The county natural amenities scale was the independent variable. Potential county-level covariates were percentage rural, percentage black, median age, and median household income (Census 2000). Analysis. We conducted weighted bivariate and linear regression analyses to examine relationships between natural amenities, aggregate PA, and aggregate BMI Results. BMI and natural amenities were negatively associated (parameter estimate = -.13 (.06), p = .03). When percentage meeting PA criteria was included, the parameter estimate attenuated 15%. Conclusion. There was an inverse relationship between natural amenities and BMI, partially mediated by PA. (Am J Health Promot 2011;26[1]:52-55.) C1 [Jilcott, Stephanie B.; Moore, Justin B.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Shores, Kindal A.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Imai, Satomi] E Carolina Univ, Healthcare Serv Res, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [McGranahan, David A.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Jilcott, SB (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Brody Sch Med, 1709 W 6th St,Hardy Bldg, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. EM jilcotts@ecu.edu RI Moore, Justin/B-9357-2012 OI Moore, Justin/0000-0003-4059-0538 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER JOURNAL HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI TROY PA PO BOX 1254, TROY, MI 48099-1254 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.4278/ajhp.091201-ARB-376 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 825DC UT WOS:000295250100012 PM 21879944 ER PT J AU Xu, M Zhang, HM Lee, L Gao, HW Sharif, S Silva, RF Heidari, M AF Xu, Ming Zhang, Huanmin Lee, Lucy Gao, Hongwei Sharif, Shayan Silva, Robert F. Heidari, Mohammad TI Gene Expression Profiling in rMd5-and rMd5 Delta meq-Infected Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; oncogene; cytokine; real-time PCR; immunosuppression ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ENCODED MEQ PROTEIN; NITRIC-OXIDE; FOWLPOX VIRUSES; TRANSFORMATION; HERPESVIRUS; INFECTION; MDV; REPLICATION AB Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of domestic chickens caused by a highly contagious and oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). MD is characterized by bursal-thymic atrophy and rapid onset of T-cell lymphomas that infiltrate lymphoid tissues, visceral organs, and peripheral nerves with severe clinical signs that include transient paralysis, anemia, weight loss, and neurologic disorders. Using overlapping cosmids- and BAC-cloned MDV, it has been shown that MDV-encoded vIL-8, pp38, vTR, vLIP, RLORF4, and meq are among the many essential genes that play critical roles in viral pathogenesis. Of all the genes investigated so far, only meq has been shown to be consistently expressed in all MDV-derived tumors and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Meq is a basic leucine-zipper protein that shares homology with the jun/fos family of transcriptional factors. There are two copies of meq gene within the MDV genome that are only present in the serotype-1 strains. It has been shown conclusively that deletion of meq results in loss of transformation of T cells in chickens, with no effect on the early cytolytic phase of infection in lymphoid organs, which is essential for induction of innate and adaptive immunity. The goal of this study was to investigate 1) the effect of the meq oncogene on the expression pattern of select chicken immune and nonimmune-related genes, and 2) its potential role in MDV-induced apoptosis. We used real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression profiling of a panel of chicken genes in rMd5- and rMd5 Delta meq-infected chickens at 5, 14, 21, and 35 days postinfection (dpi). Although the transcriptional activities of several immune-related genes, including IL-6, IL-10, cMGF, GMCSF, iNOS, IFN beta, and INF gamma, were higher in rMd5 Delta meq-infected chickens at 5 dpi when compared to the rMd5-infected birds, the differences in expression levels of the tested genes between the two viral constructs were not significant. In addition, a reduction in the transcriptional activity of Bcl2 in recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV)+meq-infected chicken embryonic fibroblasts suggested that meq alone did not impede FPV-induced apoptosis. The likely suppressive nature and anti-inflammatory function of the meq oncogene and its possible role in virus-induced cell death is discussed. C1 [Xu, Ming; Zhang, Huanmin; Lee, Lucy; Silva, Robert F.; Heidari, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Xu, Ming] Jilin Univ, Coll Anim & Vet Sci, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ming; Gao, Hongwei] Acad Mil Med Sci, Inst Mil Vet, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sharif, Shayan] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Heidari, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM mohammad.heidari@ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Ming/B-9896-2015 NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 358 EP 367 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831FI UT WOS:000295713700004 PM 22017031 ER PT J AU Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Buhr, RJ Harrison, MA AF Richardson, L. J. Cox, N. A. Buhr, R. J. Harrison, M. A. TI Isolation of Campylobacter from Circulating Blood of Commercial Broilers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; circulating blood; broilers ID BREEDER HENS; SALMONELLA SEROVARS; JEJUNI; RECOVERY; CHICKS; ORGANS; CELLS; SPP. AB Campylobacter spp. are present in organs and tissues of broiler chickens but the dissemination route is unclear. The aim of the current study was to determine Campylobacter prevalence within circulating blood of commercial broilers. Broilers were acquired from 19 flocks originating from three commercial poultry processing companies. Using aseptic blood collection techniques, 5 ml of circulating blood was collected from each bird and the sample analyzed for Campylobacter. The Campylobacter colonization status of each bird was determined by aseptically sampling and analyzing the ceca. Campylobacter was recovered from 58% (11/19) of flocks sampled. From the 248 total birds sampled, 12% and 46% of the birds had Campylobacter in the blood and ceca, respectively. This study documents Campylobacter prevalence in the circulating blood of commercially raised broilers. Campylobacter presence in the circulatory system may indicate the path used by the organism for rapid dissemination to organs and tissues. From a processing viewpoint, Campylobacter presence in circulating blood of market-age broilers may increase the likelihood of cross-contamination between birds during slaughter. C1 [Richardson, L. J.; Cox, N. A.; Buhr, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM nelson.cox@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831FI UT WOS:000295713700006 PM 22017033 ER PT J AU Chang, S Ding, Z Dunn, JR Lee, LF Heidari, M Song, JZ Ernst, CW Zhang, HM AF Chang, Shuang Ding, Zhuang Dunn, John R. Lee, Lucy F. Heidari, Mohammad Song, Jiuzhou Ernst, Catherine W. Zhang, Huanmin TI A Comparative Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy of rMd5 Delta Meq and CVI988/Rispens Against a vv plus Strain of Marek's Disease Virus Infection in a Series of Recombinant Congenic Strains of White Leghorn Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken lines; Marek's disease; Marek's disease vaccines; vaccine efficacy; CVI988/Rispens; rMd5 Delta Meq ID B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE; RELATIVE EFFICACY; FIELD TRIALS; VACCINES; HERPESVIRUS; VACCINATION; RESISTANCE; GENES; TRANSFORMATION; PATHOGENESIS AB Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly infectious, oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus known as Marek's disease virus (MDV). MD is presently controlled by vaccination. Current MD vaccines include attenuated serotype 1 strains (e. g., CVI988/Rispens), avirulent serotype 2 (SB-1), and serotype 3 (HVT) MDV strains. In addition, recombinant MDV strains have been developed as potential new and more efficient vaccines to sustain the success of MD control in poultry. One of the candidate recombinant MDV strains, named rMd5 Delta Meq, was derived from Md5, a very virulent strain of MDV lacking the MDV oncogene Meq. Our earlier reports suggest that rMd5 Delta Meq provided protection equally well or better than commonly used MD vaccines in experimental and commercial lines of chickens challenged with very virulent plus (vv+) strains of MDV. In this study, maternal antibody-positive (trial 1) and negative (trial 2) chickens from a series of relatively MD resistant lines were either vaccinated with the rMd5 Delta Meq or CVI988/Rispens followed by infection of a vv+ strain of MDV, 648A, passage 10. This report presents experimental evidence that the rMd5 Delta Meq protected significantly better than the CVI988/Rispens (P < 0.01) in the relatively resistant experimental lines of chickens challenged with the vv+ strain of MDV. Together with early reports, the rMd5 Delta Meq appeared to provide better protection, comparing with the most efficacious commercially available vaccine, CVI988/Rispens, for control of MD in lines of chickens regardless of their genetic background. C1 [Chang, Shuang; Dunn, John R.; Lee, Lucy F.; Heidari, Mohammad; Zhang, Huanmin] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Chang, Shuang; Ding, Zhuang] Jilin Univ, Coll Anim & Vet Sci, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Chang, Shuang; Ernst, Catherine W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM huanmin.zhang@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Poultry & Egg Harold E. Ford Foundation [F020] FX We thank Evelyn Young, Barbara Riegle, and Barry Coulson for their excellent technical assistance in hatching, vaccinating, and infecting the chickens. This work was supported in part by a research grant, RE Project #F020, from the U.S. Poultry & Egg Harold E. Ford Foundation. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831FI UT WOS:000295713700008 PM 22017035 ER PT J AU Silva, MSE Mathieu-Benson, C Kwon, YK Pantin-Jackwood, M Swayne, DE AF Sa e Silva, Mariana Mathieu-Benson, Christian Kwon, Yong-kuk Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Swayne, David E. TI Experimental Infection with Low and High Pathogenicity H7N3 Chilean Avian Influenza Viruses in Chiloe Wigeon (Anas sibilatrix) and Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; Chiloe wigeon; cinnamon teal; H7N3; wild ducks ID WILD BIRDS; PATHOBIOLOGY; POULTRY; H5N1 AB Two different wild duck species common in Chile and neighboring countries, Chiloe wigeon (Anas sibilatrix) and cinnamon teal (Anas cyanoptera), were intranasally inoculated with 10(6) mean embryo infective dose (EID(50)) of the H7N3 low pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) (A/chicken/Chile/176822/02) or high pathogenicity (HP) AIV (A/chicken/Chile/184240-1/02), in order to study the infectivity and pathobiology of these viruses. None of the virus-inoculated ducks had clinical signs or died, but most seroconverted by 14 days postinoculation (DPI), indicating a productive virus infection. Both LPAIV and HPAIV were isolated from oral swabs from two of six Chiloe wigeons and from oral and/or cloacal swabs from all five of the cinnamon teal at 2 DPI. Both LPAIV and HPAIV were efficiently transmitted to cinnamon teal contacts but not to Chiloe wigeon contacts. This study demonstrates that the cinnamon teal and Chiloe wigeons were susceptible to infection with both Chilean H7N3 LPAIV and HPAIV, but only the cinnamon teal showed contact transmission of the virus between birds, suggesting that the cinnamon teal has the potential to be a reservoir for these viruses, especially the LPAIV, as was demonstrated in 2001 with isolation of a genetically related H7N3 LPAIV strain in a cinnamon teal in Bolivia. However, the definitive source of the H7N3 Chilean LPAIV still remains unknown. C1 [Sa e Silva, Mariana; Mathieu-Benson, Christian; Kwon, Yong-kuk; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary; Swayne, David E.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 459 EP 461 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831FI UT WOS:000295713700020 PM 22017047 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Evans, JD Branton, SL AF Purswell, J. L. Evans, J. D. Branton, S. L. TI Serologic Response of Roosters to Gradient Dosage Levels of a Commercially Available Live F Strain-Derived Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Over Time SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE spray vaccination; vaccine optimization; dosage rate; layer chicken; mycoplasmosis ID LAYER CHICKENS AB Spray application is a commonly used, time- and labor-efficient means to deliver live Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccine to laying hens in commercial production facilities. The dosage of vaccine received by spray-vaccinated birds can vary due to variation in the spray plume and the vaccine suspension droplet trajectory. In this study, a total of 48 Hy-Line W-36 males were placed individually in isolation units following eye-drop application of gradient levels (13, 10 213, 10 223, 10 233, 10 243, 10(-5)x, 10(-6)x, and unvaccinated control) of the MG vaccine. The determined titer associated with a 13 dose was 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units/dose. Serologic response was assessed weekly following vaccination via serum plate agglutination (SPA) for weeks one through seven postvaccination (p.v.). In addition, immunologic response was assessed at 5, 6, and 7 wk p.v. via MG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As indicated by SPA analyses, a 13 dose of vaccine resulted in 100% seroconversion, and dose levels of 10(-1)x and 10(-2)x resulted in 75% and 37.5% seroconversion, respectively, at 6 wk p.v. The MG ELISA results at 6 wk p. v. demonstrated immunologic responses in 100%, 57.1%, and 28.6% of the 1x, 10(-1)x, and 10(-2)x dosed birds, respectively. The lower dosage levels of 10(-3)x, 10(-4)x, 10(-5)x, and 10(-6)x did not elicit a response from any bird at 6 wk p. v. Utilizing the SPA data, a logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between dosage level and seroconversion rate (R(2) = 0.999 with a standard error of prediction of 1.6%). The model predicted a required effective dosage of 0.26x for 90% seroconversion at 6 wk p.v. under test conditions. C1 [Purswell, J. L.; Evans, J. D.; Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM joseph.purswell@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 55 IS 3 BP 490 EP 494 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831FI UT WOS:000295713700026 PM 22017053 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, Angelo TI Vitamin E is activated by phosphorylation to alpha-tocopheryl phosphate SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE alpha-Tocopheryl phosphate; Vitamin E; Phosphorylation C1 [Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 44 IS 13 SU S BP S19 EP S19 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.056 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 827OK UT WOS:000295437600053 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Marko, MG AF Meydani, Simin Nikbin Marko, Melissa G. TI Vitamin E, signalosomes and gene expression in T cells SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Vitamin E; Gene expression; T Cells C1 [Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Marko, Melissa G.] Tufts Univ, Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 44 IS 13 SU S BP S20 EP S20 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.058 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 827OK UT WOS:000295437600055 ER PT J AU Mohsen, M AF Mohsen, Meydani TI Potential anti-inflammatory properties of oats avenanthramides SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Anti-inflammatory; Oats avenanthramides C1 [Mohsen, Meydani] Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Mohsen.Meydani@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 44 IS 13 SU S BP S238 EP S238 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.582 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 827OK UT WOS:000295437601176 ER PT J AU Leblanc, L Vargas, RI Mackey, B Putoa, R Pinero, JC AF Leblanc, Luc Vargas, Roger I. Mackey, Bruce Putoa, Rudolph Pinero, Jaime C. TI EVALUATION OF CUE-LURE AND METHYL EUGENOL SOLID LURE AND INSECTICIDE DISPENSERS FOR FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) MONITORING AND CONTROL IN TAHITI SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Integrated Pest Management; oriental fruit fly; Queensland fruit fly; malathion ID MELON FLIES DIPTERA; ATTRACT-AND-KILL; HAWAII; SPINOSAD; TRAPS; SPLAT; TRIALS AB Performance of solid male lure (cuelure (C-L)/raspberry ketone (RK) against Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), and methyl eugenol (ME) against oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis (Hendel)) both formulated with insecticide, were evaluated in Tahiti Island (French Polynesia), as alternatives to current monitoring and control systems using liquid formulations of attractant and organophosphate insecticides. Captures of B. tryoni in traps with BactroMAT C-L stations, Mallet C-L, Mallet MC wafers (containing both ME and RK), and Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology (SPLAT) C-L were as high as with the standard liquid C-L formulation until 8 weeks, but thereafter the effectiveness of Mallet C-L baited traps declined. Captures of B. dorsalis with Mallet ME wafers outperformed any other ME formulation. Traps baited with ME and RK combined in a single Mallet MC wafer captured as many B. tryoni and B. dorsalis as traps baited with a single liquid lure. This suggested that solid Mallet dispensers with RK are longer lasting than those with C-L. For control applications, the weathered SPLAT-MAT-ME-spinosad lure and kill formulation was equal to fresh material for up to 4 weeks. SPLAT C-L was more persistent than weathered SPLAT-MAT-ME under Tahitian climatic conditions, which suggested that SPLAT-MAT-ME may need to be reapplied at shorter intervals and in greater amounts for suppression of B. dorsalis than is required to suppress B. tryoni with SPLAT-MAT-C-L. Mallet ME and MC wafers and SPLAT-MAT-ME/C-L were more convenient and safer to handle than standard liquid insecticide formulations, and should be considered for monitoring and control programs in Pacific island nations. The Mallet MC wafer could be used in a single trap in place of two separate traps for detection of both ME and C-L responding fruit fly species, and thereby reduce trap and labor costs. In addition to the SPLAT-MAT-ME or C-L for control, the Mallet MC wafer in a single trap should be tested further in Florida fruit fly programs. C1 [Leblanc, Luc; Pinero, Jaime C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vargas, Roger I.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Mackey, Bruce] PWA ARS USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Putoa, Rudolph] Serv Dev Rural, Dept Protect Vegetaux, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. RP Leblanc, L (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, 3050 Maile Way,Rm 611, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. FU Hawaii AWPM Program FX We appreciate the technical assistance in French Polynesia of Frederic Riveta, Axelle Maitere, Berthe Neagle, Mere Li Loi, Rene Tupana, Djeeen Cheou, Jules Wohler, and Jean-Marc Tinirau, all associated with the Service du Developpement Rural, Departement de la Protection des Vegetaux, Papeete, Tahiti. Steven Souder (Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, Hawaii) has assisted in summarizing and analyzing the field data. Peter Cook (Farma Tech International, North Bend, Washington), Agenor Mafra-Neto (ISCA-Technologies, Riverside, California) and Luis Gomez (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, Indiana) provided test materials. The Hawaii AWPM Program provided partial financial support for this work. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 35 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 510 EP 516 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 829GH UT WOS:000295566100015 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ AF Armstrong, J. Scott Gore, Jeff Adamczyk, John J., Jr. TI EFFICACY OF SINGLE AND DUAL GENE COTTON GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM (L.) EVENTS ON YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN SOUTH TEXAS AND THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry1Ac; Cry2Ab; Cry1F+Cry1Ac; GMO; PIP; transgenic ID LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; GROWTH; CRY1F; BEET AB The yellowstriped armyworm (YSAW), Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenee), has a broad host range and can be an economic threat to cotton in southern growing regions of the United States by consuming leaves and damaging fruiting forms. Field grown cotton varieties containing the endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis, (Cry1Ac = Bollgard (R); Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab = Bollgard II (R); Cry1F + Cry1Ac = Widestrike (TM)) and a Non-Bt cotton were evaluated for YSAW susceptibility to cotton leaf tissue. Bioassays conducted at Stoneville, MS, from leaves collected from the lower, middle, and top canopy showed that YSAW were highly susceptible to Bollgard II (R) and WideStrike (TM) traits. No live larvae were collected from the WideStrike (TM) replicated plots and only 2 larvae that weighed 171.5 +/- 53.5 mg were collected from Bollgard II (R) cotton. Larvae collected from Bollgard (R) and Non-Bt cotton were plentiful and averaged 886 +/- 63.5 and 824.25 +/- 51.53 mg, respectively. Additional bioassays from late-season cotton plots at both Stoneville and Weslaco, TX, indicated that WideStrike (TM) and Bollgard II (R) are very active against YSAW larvae. Results from these assays indicate that cotton producers have very effective options for controlling YSAW even late in the growing season. C1 [Armstrong, J. Scott; Adamczyk, John J., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX USA. [Gore, Jeff] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 594 EP 598 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 829GH UT WOS:000295566100025 ER PT J AU Kariuki, EM Hix, RL Reitz, S Hight, S Kairo, MT AF Kariuki, E. M. Hix, R. L. Reitz, S. Hight, S. Kairo, M. T. TI TROPICAL SODA APPLE (SOLANUM VIARUM) MEDIATED COMPETITION VIA INDUCED RESISTANCE: INTERACTION BETWEEN GRATIANA BOLIVIANA, SPODOPTERA EXIGUA AND FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE induced resistance; secondary plant defenses; night shade; biological control ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; PLANT VOLATILES; HERBIVORES; THRIPS; RESPONSES; DEFENSES; FLORIDA; AGENT; PEST AB Survival assays were conducted with beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), a tortoise beetle, Gratiana bolivana Spaeth, and western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on tropical soda apple (TSA), Solanum viarum Dunal, a relative of tomato. Both S. exigua and G. boliviana seem to induce plant defenses in tropical soda apple. Significantly more S. exigua neonate larvae survived to second instar on non-induced plants and artificial diet when compared with plants with induced defenses. Our results further suggest that the induced response in TSA was systemic, since BAW neonates suffered higher mortality in induced plants despite not being in direct contact with the damaged part of the plant. Results suggested that feeding action of G. boliviana on TSA had no significant influence on WFT host choice. C1 [Kariuki, E. M.; Hix, R. L.; Kairo, M. T.] Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Reitz, S.; Hight, S.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Kariuki, EM (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 FU USDA-ARS; Florida AM University FX This research was funded in part by the USDA-ARS and Florida A&M University. We thank Dr. Bill Overholt (University of Florida) for technical assistance and for providing G. boliviana. We thank Dr. Ken Hibbard (Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Div. of Plant Industries, Fort Pierce, FL), Dr. Amy Roda (USDA-APHIS, Miami, FL), Mr. John Mass (USDA-ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL), and Mr. George Benn Marshal for technical assistance (Center for Biological Control, FAMU). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 829GH UT WOS:000295566100027 ER PT J AU Avery, PB Mannion, CM Powell, CA McKenzie, CL Osborne, LS AF Avery, Pasco B. Mannion, Catharine M. Powell, Charles A. McKenzie, Cindy L. Osborne, Lance S. TI NATURAL ENEMIES MANAGING THE INVASION OF THE FIG WHITEFLY, SINGHIELLA SIMPLEX (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE), INFESTING A FICUS BENJAMINA HEDGE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; PATHOGENICITY; PESTS C1 [Avery, Pasco B.; Powell, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Mannion, Catharine M.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [McKenzie, Cindy L.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Osborne, Lance S.] Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Avery, PB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 696 EP 698 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 829GH UT WOS:000295566100038 ER PT J AU Garcia, JM Jenkins, DA Chavarria, JA Shapiro-Ilan, DI Goenaga, R AF Miguel Garcia, Jose Jenkins, David A. Chavarria, Jose A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Goenaga, Ricardo TI INTERACTIONS OF A RHABDITIS SP ON THE VIRULENCE OF HETERORHABDITIS AND STEINERNEMA IN PUERTO RICO SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; CURCULIONIDAE; LARVAE C1 [Miguel Garcia, Jose] IDIAF, Ctr Tecnol Agr, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Jenkins, David A.; Goenaga, Ricardo] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Chavarria, Jose A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Environm Sci, San Juan, PR 00680 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Garcia, JM (reprint author), IDIAF, Ctr Tecnol Agr, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 701 EP 702 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 829GH UT WOS:000295566100040 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Arakelian, G AF Pratt, Paul D. Arakelian, Gevork TI FIRST REPORT OF THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT BOREIOGLYCASPIS MELALEUCAE (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) IN CALIFORNIA, USA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUINQUENERVIA CAV. BLAKE,S.T.; MOORE HEMIPTERA; HOST-RANGE; MYRTACEAE; FLORIDA C1 [Pratt, Paul D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Arakelian, Gevork] Dept Agr Commissioner Weights & Measures, S Gate, CA 90280 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 721 EP 722 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 829GH UT WOS:000295566100048 ER PT J AU Xiao, PQ Yao, WY Romkens, MJM AF Xiao Peiqing Yao Wenyi Roemkens, M. J. M. TI Effects of grass and shrub cover on the critical unit stream power in overland flow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soil erosion; Soil loss; Unit stream power ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; SEDIMENT YIELD; SOIL-EROSION; RUNOFF; GENERATION; VEGETATION; HILLSLOPE; CAPACITY; SURFACES; DESERT AB Improved knowledge of the effects of grass and shrub cover in overland flow can provide valuable information for soil and water conservation programs. Laboratory simulated rainfall studies were conducted to determine effects of grass and shrub on runoff and soil loss and to ascertain the relationship between the rate of soil loss and the unit stream power of runoff for a 20 degrees slope subjected to rainfall intensities of 45, 87, and 127 mm/h. The results indicated that the average runoff rates ranged from 4.2 to 73.1 mm/h for grass plots and from 9.3 to 58.2 mm/h for shrub plots. Runoff rates from shrub plots were less than those from grass plots for all but the 45 mm/h rainfall intensity regime. Average soil loss rates varied from 5.7 to 120.3 g/min.m(2) for grass plots and from 5.6 to 84.4 g/min.m(2) for shrub plots. Soil loss rates from shrub plots were generally lower than those from grass plots. Runoff and soil loss were strongly influenced by soil surface conditions due to the formation of erosion pits and rills. The rate of soil loss increased linearly with the unit stream power of runoff on both grass and shrub plots. Critical unit stream power values were 0.0127 m/s for grass plots and 0.0169 m/s for shrub plots. Shrub plots showed a greater stability to resist soil detachment and transport by surface flow than grass plots. C1 [Xiao Peiqing; Yao Wenyi] Yellow River Inst Hydraul Res, Zhengzhou 450003, Peoples R China. [Roemkens, M. J. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Xiao, PQ (reprint author), Yellow River Inst Hydraul Res, Zhengzhou 450003, Peoples R China. EM peiqingxiao@163.com FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403303, 2007CB407201]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071191]; Foundation of YRIHR [HKY-JBYW-2012-04] FX This study was funded by National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403303, 2007CB407201), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071191) and Foundation of YRIHR (HKY-JBYW-2012-04). Deep gratitude is expressed to the reviewers and editors for their valuable comments and suggestions in improving the manuscript. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IRTCES PI BEIJING PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6279 J9 INT J SEDIMENT RES JI Int. J. Sediment Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 827EO UT WOS:000295410600011 ER PT J AU Calvo-Bado, LA Oakley, BB Dowd, SE Green, LE Medley, GF Ul-Hassan, A Bateman, V Gaze, W Witcomb, L Grogono-Thomas, R Kaler, J Russell, CL Wellington, EMH AF Calvo-Bado, Leo A. Oakley, Brian B. Dowd, Scot E. Green, Laura E. Medley, Graham F. Ul-Hassan, Atiya Bateman, Vicky Gaze, William Witcomb, Luci Grogono-Thomas, Rose Kaler, Jasmeet Russell, Claire L. Wellington, Elizabeth M. H. TI Ovine pedomics: the first study of the ovine foot 16S rRNA-based microbiome SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE footrot; microbiome; sheep ID BOVINE DIGITAL DERMATITIS; FUSOBACTERIUM-NECROPHORUM; ARCANOBACTERIUM-PYOGENES; DICHELOBACTER-NODOSUS; SKIN MICROBIOTA; SEQUENCE DATA; SHEEP; PATHOGENESIS; ROT; PRIMERS AB We report the first study of the bacterial microbiome of ovine interdigital skin based on 16S rRNA by pyrosequencing and conventional cloning with Sanger-sequencing. Three flocks were selected, one a flock with no signs of footrot or interdigital dermatitis, a second flock with interdigital dermatitis alone and a third flock with both interdigital dermatitis and footrot. The sheep were classified as having either healthy interdigital skin (H) and interdigital dermatitis (ID) or virulent footrot (VFR). The ovine interdigital skin bacterial community varied significantly by flock and clinical condition. The diversity and richness of operational taxonomic units was greater in tissue from sheep with ID than H or VFR-affected sheep. Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla comprising 25 genera. Peptostreptococcus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were associated with H, ID and VFR, respectively. Sequences of Dichelobacter nodosus, the causal agent of ovine footrot, were not amplified because of mismatches in the 16S rRNA universal forward primer (27F). A specific real-time PCR assay was used to demonstrate the presence of D. nodosus, which was detected in all samples including the flock with no signs of ID or VFR. Sheep with ID had significantly higher numbers of D. nodosus (10(4)-10(9) cells per g tissue) than those with H or VFR feet. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 1426-1437; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.25; published online 24 March 2011 C1 [Calvo-Bado, Leo A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Oakley, Brian B.] USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. [Grogono-Thomas, Rose; Russell, Claire L.] Univ Bristol, Sch Clin Vet, Langford, England. RP Calvo-Bado, LA (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Sch Life Sci, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM l.a.calvo-bado@warwick.ac.uk RI Kaler, Jasmeet/G-5569-2011; Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008; Green, Laura/G-8345-2011; OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278; Grogono-Thomas, Rosemary/0000-0001-8615-901X; Kaler, Jasmeet/0000-0002-3332-7064 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council UK (BBRSC) under Combating Endemic Diseases of Farmed Animals for Sustainability (CEDFAS) initiative [BBE01870X1] FX This research was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council UK (BBRSC) under the Combating Endemic Diseases of Farmed Animals for Sustainability (CEDFAS) initiative Grant No. BBE01870X1. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1426 EP 1437 DI 10.1038/ismej.2011.25 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 832DU UT WOS:000295782900004 PM 21430786 ER PT J AU Buzby, JC Hyman, J Stewart, H Wells, HF AF Buzby, Jean C. Hyman, Jeffrey Stewart, Hayden Wells, Hodan F. TI The Value of Retail- and Consumer-Level Fruit and Vegetable Losses in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID FOOD WASTE AB Food loss at the retail and consumer levels in the United States includes 14.8 billion pounds of fruit and 23.4 billion pounds of vegetables, valued at $15.1 billion and $27.7 billion, respectively, in 2008 retail market prices. The total value of these losses is $42.8 billion per year, or roughly $141 per capita. To most efficiently reduce the annual food loss, it may be beneficial to focus efforts on the four fruits (fresh apples, grapes, peaches and strawberries) and four vegetables (fresh and canned tomatoes and fresh and frozen potatoes) that have the greatest amount of loss. C1 [Buzby, Jean C.; Hyman, Jeffrey; Stewart, Hayden; Wells, Hodan F.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Buzby, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM jbuzby@ers.usda.gov; jhyman@ers.usda.gov; hstewart@ers.usda.gov; hfarah@ers.usda.gov NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0078 J9 J CONSUM AFF JI J. Consum. Aff. PD FAL PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 SI SI BP 492 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6606.2011.01214.x PG 24 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 823BQ UT WOS:000295097100007 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Franzluebbers, A Goslee, S Kiniry, J Owens, L Spaeth, K Steiner, J Veith, T AF Sanderson, Matt A. Franzluebbers, Alan Goslee, Sarah Kiniry, Jim Owens, Lloyd Spaeth, Ken Steiner, Jean Veith, Tamie TI Pastureland Conservation Effects Assessment Project: Status and expected outcomes SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DIVERSE SITES; FARM SCALE; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; GRASS; CARBON; SYSTEM; TEXAS; MODEL C1 [Sanderson, Matt A.] USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Goslee, Sarah; Veith, Tamie] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA USA. [Kiniry, Jim] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. [Owens, Lloyd] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. [Spaeth, Ken] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Steiner, Jean] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 66 IS 5 BP 148A EP 153A DI 10.2489/jswc.66.5.148A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 828LN UT WOS:000295502600004 ER PT J AU Weltz, MA Jolley, L Goodrich, D Boykin, K Nearing, M Stone, J Guertin, P Hernandez, M Spaeth, K Pierson, F Morris, C Kepner, B AF Weltz, Mark A. Jolley, Leonard Goodrich, Dave Boykin, Ken Nearing, Mark Stone, Jeff Guertin, Phil Hernandez, Mariano Spaeth, Ken Pierson, Fred Morris, Christo Kepner, Bill TI Techniques for assessing the environmental outcomes of conservation practices applied to rangeland watersheds SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL RESOURCES INVENTORY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; MODELS C1 [Weltz, Mark A.; Morris, Christo] USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. [Jolley, Leonard] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. [Goodrich, Dave; Nearing, Mark; Stone, Jeff] USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ USA. [Boykin, Ken] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Guertin, Phil; Hernandez, Mariano] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Spaeth, Ken] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Pierson, Fred] USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Kepner, Bill] US EPA, Off Res Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Weltz, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. RI Boykin, Kenneth/D-2863-2009; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Boykin, Kenneth/0000-0001-6381-0463; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 FU USDA; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX Support for this research as provided by the USDA Rangeland Research Program and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Program. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 66 IS 5 BP 154A EP 162A DI 10.2489/jswc.66.5.154A PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 828LN UT WOS:000295502600005 ER PT J AU Malapati, A Bronson, KF Booker, JD Hudnall, WH Schubert, AM AF Malapati, A. Bronson, K. F. Booker, J. D. Hudnall, W. H. Schubert, A. M. TI Soil profile sulfate in irrigated southern high plains cotton fields and Ogallala groundwater SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE gypsum; Ogallala Aquifer; soil map unit; well depth ID LAND-USE; SULFUR; DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; NITRATE; TEXAS AB Sulfate (SO4) is one of the most important anions in soils and groundwater in semiarid regions, including west Texas. Crops' sulfur (S) requirement is about 10% to 20% of the nitrogen requirements. However, there is far less information on soil test SO4-S (S in the SO4 form [sulfate-S]) for the western United States, compared to the humid eastern United States. The deposition of S from the atmosphere has declined nationwide, as coal-fired power plants have been scrubbing their emissions of S. This, combined with greater cotton yields and the lack of S fertilization on the Texas Southern High Plains (SHP) point to the need for a soil profile SO4-S assessment, The first objective of this study was to assess residual soil profile SO4-S content in irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields across a range of soil types and counties of the Texas SHP The second objective was to compile regional SO4-S concentration data from the Texas Water Development Board irrigation well water quality database and analyze Ogallala groundwater SO4-S levels by county, soil map unit, and well depth. Soil profile (0 to 0.9 m [0 to 36 in]) SO4-S content ranged from 120 to 475 kg ha(-1) (107 to 424 lb ac(-1)) among seven center-pivot fields sampled. About half of this S was in the 0.6 to 0.9 m (24 to 36 in) soil layer, which typically was sandy clay loam or clay loam in texture. Well water SO4-S concentration ranged from 9 to 220 mg L-1 (ppm) in clayey soils with deep groundwater to sandy soils with shallow groundwater, respectively. Groundwater SO4-S concentration was greater than the USEPA drinking water standard of 83 mg L-1 in 32% of the wells, especially in the southeastern corner of the study area. There was no consistent relationship between soil map unit and SO4-S content in the soil profile (0 to 0.9 m). A significant negative relationship between well depth and well water SO4-S concentration was observed in all the eleven-county study area of the SHP of West Texas. In conclusion, soil profile SO4 content to 0.9 m is high in SHP irrigated cotton fields and in most cases should be adequate for crop S nutritional requirements. C1 [Malapati, A.; Schubert, A. M.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX USA. [Bronson, K. F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Booker, J. D.; Hudnall, W. H.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Malapati, A (reprint author), Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 66 IS 5 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.5.287 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 828LN UT WOS:000295502600006 ER PT J AU Wren, DG Davidson, GR AF Wren, D. G. Davidson, G. R. TI Using lake sedimentation rates to quantify the effectiveness of erosion control in watersheds SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation; erosion control; lake; sedimentation; lead-210; cesium-137 ID COON CREEK BASIN; SOIL LOSS RATES; LAND; CONSERVATION; WISCONSIN; STORAGE; SYDNEY; YIELDS; AREA; NSW AB The effectiveness of erosion control methods is difficult to measure, hampering the development of management practices and preventing accurate assessment of the value of erosion control structures over time. Surface erosion can vary widely over an area, particularly if gully erosion is present, and the use of sediments transported in streams for quantifying erosion is hindered by the highly variable nature of fluvial sediment loads. When a watershed drains into a lake, accumulated sediments have the potential to yield information about historic rates of sedimentation that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of previous erosion control measures. In the present study, sediments from five natural oxbow cutoff lakes in the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain were dated using lead-210 decay rates and bomb-pulse derived cesium-137 with the goal of relating trends in sedimentation rate to reductions in erosion due to management practices. It was found that the radioisotope dating methods were best used in concert with known dates for implementation of management practices. Changes in sedimentation rate over time frames as short as 12 years were detectable. Larger lakes showed smaller changes in sedimentation rate relative to smaller lakes. C1 [Wren, D. G.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Davidson, G. R.] Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS USA. RP Wren, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. FU Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute; US Geoglogical Survey; Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality FX The authors would like to thank Glenn Gray, Hydrologic Technician, USDA Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory for logistical support in field data collection and meticulous attention to detail in collection, storage, and preparation of core samples for analysis. Zachary Williams, Jacob Ferguson, and Austin Patton, student workers at the University of Mississippi, also provided invaluable technical assistance without which this work would not have been possible. The authors are also indebted to Darlene Wilcox, Geographic Information Systems specialist, USDA Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory for providing the watershed area for Roundaway Lake and for assisting in preparation of figure 1. Appreciation is expressed for financial support from the Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute, the US Geoglogical Survey, and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. Assistance with lake depths was provided by Dean Pennington, executive director of the Yazoo Mississippi Delta Water Management District. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 66 IS 5 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.5.313 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 828LN UT WOS:000295502600009 ER PT J AU Armstrong, A Ling, EJ Stedman, R Kleinman, P AF Armstrong, A. Ling, E. J. Stedman, R. Kleinman, P. TI Adoption of the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program in the New York City watershed: The role of farmer attitudes SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE adoption/diffusion; Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program; farmer attitudes; watershed management ID LAND-TENURE; MANAGEMENT; OHIO AB Despite widespread adoption of conservation practices by farmers in the Cannonsville watershed, part of the NewYork City water supply system, there is considerable resistance to riparian buffer practices of the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). Traditional approaches to promoting CREP adoption, based on the adoption-diffusion model, were not effective in promoting CREP We surveyed farmers in the Cannonsville watershed to evaluate factors affecting CREP adoption. Many variables commonly tied to practice adoption, including farm structure and farmer sociodemographic traits, were poorly correlated with the attitudes of Cannonsville farmers toward CREP Attitudes toward land costs and farmer resentment toward NewYork City's control of land and conservation policy were, however, strong predictors of CREP adoption. This suggests that as regional watershed collaborations become more active in managing private landowner conservation behaviors, resentment factors may inhibit adoption of the encouraged practices. Findings provide insight into mechanisms to improve upstream-downstream partnerships and the potential to balance clean water resources with local agricultural production priorities. C1 [Armstrong, A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ling, E. J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Stedman, R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kleinman, P.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Armstrong, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 66 IS 5 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.5.337 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 828LN UT WOS:000295502600012 ER PT J AU Preston, CM Smernik, RJ Powers, RF McColl, JG McBeath, TM AF Preston, Caroline M. Smernik, Ronald J. Powers, Robert F. McColl, John G. McBeath, Therese M. TI The decomposition of windrowed, chipped logging slash and tree seedling response: A plant growth and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE C-13; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WHITE-ROT; DETERMINING QUANTITATION; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS; CONIFEROUS FOREST AB Forest management practices historically have reduced the mass of logging slash to facilitate planting and reduce fire risk. However, coarse woody debris (CWD) is considered an important component of unmanaged forests of western and coastal North America. An experiment was established in northern California using chipped logging slash concentrated in windrows to emulate large fallen logs to determine the effects of alternative logging residue treatments on soil fertility and the performance of planted ponderosa pine. Chip piles warmed faster than mineral soil, but upper regions dried quickly during the dry summers. Fourteen years after planting, growth response was positive, as seedling volume declined with distance from the windrows. After 6 and 10 years, chip samples showed little variation in total C, but total N was higher for 10-year samples, with slightly higher values at the base and for N-fertilized sections. Analysis by solid state (13)C CPMAS NMR, verified by spin-counting and triplicate analysis showed only subtle differences among 10-year samples, with non-carbohydrate C slightly more abundant at the base of the piles and for windrows originally fertilized with N. However, proton spin relaxation editing (PSRE), based on differences in T(1H) relaxation rates, was able to distinguish between C in relatively undecomposed lignocellulose (slowly relaxing) and more decomposed material and microbial residues (rapidly relaxing). The small differences between top and base, and between fertilized and control samples were concentrated in the rapidly relaxing component. Bulk composition of 10-year chip windrows was similar to CWD naturally decomposed by white-rot fungi, but PSRE offers a new approach to monitor spatially heterogeneous development of microsites more characteristic of brown rot. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Preston, Caroline M.] Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Smernik, Ronald J.; McBeath, Therese M.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. [Powers, Robert F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96001 USA. [McColl, John G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Preston, CM (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM cpreston@pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca RI CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013; Smernik, Ron/H-9905-2013; McBeath, Therese/F-3194-2010; OI Smernik, Ronald/0000-0001-6033-5855 FU USDA Forest Service FX Field work funding was provided through the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity Program of the USDA Forest Service. Thanks to Statistical Advisory & Training Service Pty. Ltd. for advice on analysis, and to Dave Dunn (British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria) for the C and N analyses. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 42 IS 8 BP 936 EP 946 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.03.026 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 824PV UT WOS:000295215300007 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, S AF Hoffmann, Sandra TI Overcoming Barriers to Integrating Economic Analysis into Risk Assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Economics; integrated assessment; interdisciplinary research; risk analysis; risk assessment; risk management ID AIR-POLLUTION; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; AVERTING BEHAVIOR; MODELS; HEALTH; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; SYSTEMS AB Regulatory risk analysis is designed to provide decisionmakers with a clearer understanding of how policies are likely to affect risk. The systems that produce risk are biological, physical, and social and economic. As a result, risk analysis is an inherently interdisciplinary task. Yet in practice, risk analysis has been interdisciplinary in only limited ways. Risk analysis could provide more accurate assessments of risk if there were better integration of economics and other social sciences into risk assessment itself. This essay examines how discussions about risk analysis policy have influenced the roles of various disciplines in risk analysis. It explores ways in which integrated bio/physical-economic modeling could contribute to more accurate assessments of risk. It reviews examples of the kind of integrated economics-bio/physical modeling that could be used to enhance risk assessment. The essay ends with a discussion of institutional barriers to greater integration of economic modeling into risk assessment and provides suggestions on how these might be overcome. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hoffmann, S (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM shoffmann@ers.usda.gov NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1345 EP 1355 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01674.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 826VZ UT WOS:000295384900003 PM 21913949 ER PT J AU Deng, QJ Weng, YJ Lu, WX Demers, A Song, MX Wang, D Yu, QZ Li, F AF Deng, Qiji Weng, Yuejin Lu, Wuxun Demers, Andrew Song, Minxun Wang, Dan Yu, Qingzhong Li, Feng TI Topology and cellular localization of the small hydrophobic protein of avian metapneumovirus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Avian metapneumovirus; Topology; Subcellular localization; Transport ID RESPIRATORY-SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; SUBGROUP-C; F-PROTEIN; LOW-PH; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; VACCINE CANDIDATES; GOLGI-COMPLEX AB The small hydrophobic protein (SH) is a type II integral membrane protein that is packaged into virions and is only present in certain paramyxoviruses including metapneumovirus. In addition to a highly divergent primary sequence, SH proteins vary significantly in size amongst the different viruses. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) encodes the smallest SH protein consisting of only 64 amino acids, while metapneumoviruses have the longest SH protein ranging from 174 to 179 amino acids in length. Little is currently known about the cellular localization and topology of the metapneumovirus SH protein. Here we characterize for the first time metapneumovirus SH protein with respect to topology, subcellular localization, and transport using avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (AMPV-C) as a model system. We show that AMPV-C SH is an integral membrane protein with N(in)C(out) orientation located in both the plasma membrane as well as within intracellular compartments, which is similar to what has been described previously for SH proteins of other paramyxoviruses. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AMPV-C SH protein localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, and cell surface, and is transported through ER-Golgi secretory pathway. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Deng, Qiji; Weng, Yuejin; Li, Feng] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Weng, Yuejin; Lu, Wuxun; Demers, Andrew; Wang, Dan; Li, Feng] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Weng, Yuejin; Lu, Wuxun; Demers, Andrew; Wang, Dan; Li, Feng] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Vaccinol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Song, Minxun] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Poultry Sci, Jinan 250023, Peoples R China. [Yu, Qingzhong] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM feng.li@sdstate.edu FU SD AES [3AH-203]; USDA; ARS CRIS [6612-32000-056-00D] FX We thank Elizabeth Kolb for editing the manuscript and Xiuqin Xia for outstanding technical assistance. This work was supported by the SD AES Fund (3AH-203) to FL, and USDA, ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-056-00D (to QY). NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.05.020 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 826HQ UT WOS:000295345600013 PM 21683102 ER PT J AU Yoon, JY Choi, SK Palukaitis, P Gray, SM AF Yoon, Ju-Yeon Choi, Seung-Kook Palukaitis, Peter Gray, Stewart M. TI Agrobacterium-mediated infection of whole plants by yellow dwarf viruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Agroinfection; BYDV; CYDV; ELISA; Infectious cDNA; RT-PCR ID RNA SILENCING SUPPRESSORS; BUSHY-STUNT-VIRUS; APHID TRANSMISSION; P19 PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; DNA; LUTEOVIRUS; AGROINFECTION; TOBACCO; EFFICIENCY AB Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are only transmitted between host plants by aphid vectors and not by mechanical transmission. This presents a severe limitation for the use of a reverse genetics approach to analyze the effects of mutations in these viruses on plant infection and aphid transmission. Here we describe the use of agroinfection to infect plants with BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV. The cDNAs corresponding to the complete RNA genomes of BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV were cloned into a binary vector under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the nopaline synthase transcription termination signal. The self-cleaving ribozyme from hepatitis virus D was included to produce a transcript in planta with a 3' terminus identical to the natural viral RNA. ELISA and RT-PCR analysis showed that the replicons of BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV introduced by Agrobacterium into Nicotiana benthamiana and N. clevelandii gave rise to a local infection in the infiltrated mesophyll cells. After several weeks systemic infection of phloem tissue was detected, although no systemic symptoms were observed. Three heterologous virus silencing suppressors increased the efficiency of agroinfection and accumulation of BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV in the two Nicotiana species. The progeny viruses purified from infiltrated tissues were successfully transmitted to oat plants by aphids, and typical yellow dwarf symptoms were observed. This study reports the first agroinfection of eudicot plants using BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Seung-Kook] Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, RDA, Virol Unit, Dept Hort Environm, Suwon 440441, South Korea. [Yoon, Ju-Yeon; Palukaitis, Peter] Seoul Womens Univ, Div Environm & Life Sci, Seoul 139774, South Korea. [Choi, Seung-Kook; Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gray, Stewart M.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Choi, SK (reprint author), Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, RDA, Virol Unit, Dept Hort Environm, Suwon 440441, South Korea. EM viroid73@yahoo.com FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1907-101-016]; USDA, NRI [2003-01647, 2004-35600-14227]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-314-F00009] FX We acknowledge the help of Dawn Smith for the maintenance of aphids and help with the aphid transmission assays. We thank Dr. A. Ball for pT7-Ri plasmid, Dr. W. A. Miller for the pCNYful151, Dr. L. Domier for pGP11, Dr. Tomas Canto for pROK2-HC-Pro, pROK2-CMV2b and pROK2-P19 vectors. This work was financially supported in part by USDA-ARS CRIS 1907-101-016 and USDA, NRI Grant 2003-01647 and 2004-35600-14227 to SMG- and in part by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund, KRF-2008-314-F00009 to SKC and JYY). NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.06.026 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 826HQ UT WOS:000295345600055 PM 21763366 ER PT J AU Gamble, GR AF Gamble, Gary R. TI Relationship of Cotton Fiber Calcium and Magnesium Contents on Dye Uptake SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Barre; Cotton; Calcium; Dye; EDTA; Magnesium; Pectin ID ELECTROLYTES; CHEMISTRY; SORPTION; IONS AB Cotton from a single bale was processed into greige knit fabrics and prepared for dyeing. Following scouring in alkaline solution, fabrics were soaked in either a metal sequestering solution or a water solution, subsequently bleached using hydrogen peroxide, and dyed using Reactive Blue 4. Results indicate that removal of residual Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) from the fabric prior to bleaching results in significant changes in dye uptake. Based upon fabric staining at different stages of preparation using Ruthenium Red, it was shown that removal of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) prior to bleaching resulted in more effective residual pectin removal from the fabrics. C1 ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29678 USA. RP Gamble, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29678 USA. EM gary.gamble@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated FX Financial support for this work was provided by Cotton Incorporated. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 74 EP 79 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 824MU UT WOS:000295206800009 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, TJ Wills, PS AF Pfeiffer, Timothy J. Wills, Paul S. TI Evaluation of three types of structured floating plastic media in moving bed biofilters for total ammonia nitrogen removal in a low salinity hatchery recirculating aquaculture system SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE RAS; Nitrification; Moving bed biofilters; Biofilter media ID BIOLOGICAL FILTERS; FISH CULTURE; NITRIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; MANAGEMENT; MICROBEAD AB Three different commercially available structural plastic media were evaluated in triplicate in moving bed biofilters under low salinity (11-12 ppt) warm water culture conditions and two different feed loading rates. The culture system consisted of nine separate modules that include a double drain fish culture tank paired to a moving bed biofilter. The biofilters were filled with 0.11 m(3) of one of three different types of floating plastic structured media. The three types of media evaluated were K1 kaldnes media, MB3 media, and AMB media. Volumetric total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal rates (g TAN removed/m(3) media-day). TAN removal efficiency, and biofilm kinetic constants, Kt (h(-1)) were determined for the three media types at two different daily feed load rates of 3.5 and 8.2 kg feed/m(3) media. The feed provided was a 4.8 mm slow sinking marine grower diet pellet (45% protein, 17% fat). Average ( standard deviation, SD) volumetric TAN removal rates (VTR) at the lower feed load for the three media types were 92.2 +/- 26.3, 86.1 +/- 27.5, and 82.5 +/- 25.9 for the MB3, AMB, and K1 kaldnes media, respectively. At the higher feed load the average VTR for the three media types was 186.4 +/- 53.7, 172.9 +/- 47.8, and 139.9 +/- 38.9 for the MB3, AMB, and K1 kaldnes media, respectively. Influent TAN concentrations varied by the feed load rate and ranged from 0.55 to 0.93 mg/L and 0.83 to 1.87 mg/L for the low and higher feed loads, respectively. The percent TAN removal rates for the MB3 media was the highest of the three media types at both the low and high feed load rates averaging 12.3% and 14.4%, respectively. The MB3 media was selected for use in the moving bed biofilters because of the greater VTR and removal efficiency results for use in the 0.11 m(3) moving bed biofilters of the hatchery recirculating aquaculture system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pfeiffer, Timothy J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Wills, Paul S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ctr Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Pfeiffer, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5600 US Hwy 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM timothy.pfeiffer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [6225-63000-007-00D] FX The authors thank the following personnel for their assistance in system maintenance and operation, daily water quality data collection, and filter performance data collection: Todd Lenger, Engineering Technician for the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Richard Baptiste, HBOI-FAU Facility Manager, Chris Robinson and Fernando Maldonado, HBOI-FAU Technicians. The authors also thank Wayne Van Toever of Waterline Ltd. for his technical input with regards to system design and Toroid biofilter setup and operation. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under the National Aquaculture Program (Project no. 6225-63000-007-00D), titled Engineering and Production Strategies for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.06.003 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 827RH UT WOS:000295445100002 ER EF