FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Grey, TL Webster, TM AF Grey, Timothy L. Webster, Theodore M. BE Russo, VM TI Transplant Production SO PEPPERS: BOTANY, PRODUCTION AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPSICUM-ANNUUM-L; PEPPER SEED LOTS; BELL PEPPER; CELL-SIZE; GROWTH; GERMINATION; QUALITY; YIELD; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS C1 [Grey, Timothy L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Crops & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Grey, TL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Crops & Soil Sci, Tifton Campus,115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-767-6 PY 2012 BP 87 EP 99 D2 10.1079/9781845937676.0000 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BDE60 UT WOS:000312955000007 ER PT J AU Webber, CL AF Webber, Charles L., III BE Russo, VM TI Weed Control SO PEPPERS: BOTANY, PRODUCTION AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; PIGWEED AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CLAY SOIL; EMERGENCE; MULCHES; SEEDS; CORN; INTERFERENCE; GERMINATION C1 ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Webber, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, 911 Hwy 3W,POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-767-6 PY 2012 BP 189 EP 202 D2 10.1079/9781845937676.0000 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BDE60 UT WOS:000312955000015 ER PT J AU Funk, PA Marshall, DE AF Funk, Paul A. Marshall, Dale E. BE Russo, VM TI Pepper Harvest Technology SO PEPPERS: BOTANY, PRODUCTION AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHILI PEPPERS; MECHANISM C1 [Funk, Paul A.] ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Funk, PA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, 300 E Coll Dr,POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-767-6 PY 2012 BP 227 EP 240 D2 10.1079/9781845937676.0000 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BDE60 UT WOS:000312955000018 ER PT J AU Gusta, LV Wisniewski, M AF Gusta, Lawrence V. Wisniewski, Michael BE Shabala, S TI Frost Tolerance in Plants SO PLANT STRESS PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; COLD-ACCLIMATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; FREEZING TOLERANCE; ICE NUCLEATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; WINTER-WHEAT; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS AB Understanding and improving the cold hardiness of plants has been an endeavour that has been pursued since the onset of studying plant biology. Advances in biotechnology have allowed us to move beyond structure and physiology to identifying and understanding the role of specific genes and proteins. Most recently we have moved into the era of 'omics', where the entire transcriptome, proteome and metabolome can be assessed and integrated to gain a holistic picture of plant metabolism. This approach is known as systems biology. The present chapter discusses these latest advances in biotechnology but emphasizes that essential to the beneficial use of modern biotechnology is a solid understanding of plant biology in relation to cold hardiness. The process of cold acclimation, types of freezing injury and the role of plant structure in the freezing response are discussed. Additionally, the importance of 'realistic' protocols for acclimating plants and assessing cold hardiness are emphasized, as well as the important role of photosynthesis and sugars in cold acclimation. The use of plant biotechnology grounded in an understanding of plant biology has great potential for increasing plant productivity in a rapidly changing climate. C1 [Gusta, Lawrence V.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Wisniewski, Michael] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gusta, LV (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM larry.gusta@usask.ca; Michael.Wisniewski@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 23 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-995-3 PY 2012 BP 132 EP 147 D2 10.1079/9781845939953.0000 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BDE17 UT WOS:000312933900007 ER PT J AU Cavatorta, JR Gray, SM Jahn, MM AF Cavatorta, Jason R. Gray, Stewart M. Jahn, Molly M. BE Popp, JS Jahn, MM Matlock, MD Kemper, NP TI Biotechnology and the Control of Viral Diseases of Crops SO ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN A SUSTAINABLE FOOD SUPPLY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESISTANT TRANSGENIC PLANTS; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; PAPAYA-RINGSPOT-VIRUS; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RECESSIVE RESISTANCE; INITIATION-FACTORS; POTYVIRUS RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDAL CONTROL; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MESSENGER-RNA C1 [Cavatorta, Jason R.] Monsanto Co, Vegetable Seeds Div, Woodland, CA USA. [Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Jahn, Molly M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Cavatorta, JR (reprint author), Monsanto Co, Vegetable Seeds Div, Woodland, CA USA. RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19234-7 PY 2012 BP 77 EP 89 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139026710 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BDG40 UT WOS:000313116700006 ER PT J AU Bussan, AJ Knuteson, D Colquhoun, J Binning, L Jansky, S Jiang, JM Mitchell, PD Stevenson, WR Groves, R Wyman, J Ruark, M Kelling, K AF Bussan, Alvin J. Knuteson, Deana Colquhoun, Jed Binning, Larry Jansky, Shelley Jiang, Jiming Mitchell, Paul D. Stevenson, Walter R. Groves, Russell Wyman, Jeff Ruark, Matt Kelling, Keith BE Popp, JS Jahn, MM Matlock, MD Kemper, NP TI Case Study Healthy Grown Potatoes and Sustainability of Wisconsin Potato Production SO ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN A SUSTAINABLE FOOD SUPPLY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; VIRUS-Y; NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES; TRANSGENIC POTATO; ALTERNARIA-SOLANI; GENE RB; STARCH; FUNGICIDE; BEETLE C1 [Bussan, Alvin J.; Knuteson, Deana] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, BioIPM Field, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mitchell, Paul D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Madison, WI USA. [Stevenson, Walter R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Groves, Russell; Wyman, Jeff] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ruark, Matt; Kelling, Keith] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bussan, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, BioIPM Field, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19234-7 PY 2012 BP 192 EP 211 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139026710 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BDG40 UT WOS:000313116700012 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ AF Nowak, David J. TI Contrasting natural regeneration and tree planting in fourteen North American cities SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Forest monitoring; Invasive species; Rhamnus cathartica; Tree cover goals; Urban forestry; Urban sustainability; Urban trees ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; URBAN; FORESTS; COVER AB Field data from randomly located plots in 12 cities in the United States and Canada were used to estimate the proportion of the existing tree population that was planted or occurred via natural regeneration. In addition, two cities (Baltimore and Syracuse) were recently re-sampled to estimate the proportion of newly established trees that were planted. Results for the existing tree populations reveal that, on average, about 1 in 3 trees are planted in cities. Land uses and tree species with the highest proportion of trees planted were residential (74.8 percent of trees planted) and commercial/industrial (61.2 percent) lands, and Gleditsia triacanthos (95.1 percent) and Pinus nigra (91.8 percent). The percentage of the tree population planted is greater in cities developed in grassland areas as compared to cities developed in forests and tends to increase with increased population density and percent impervious cover in cities. New tree influx rates ranged from 4.0 trees/ha/yr in Baltimore to 8.6 trees/ha/yr in Syracuse. About 1 in 20 trees (Baltimore) and 1 in 12 trees (Syracuse) were planted in newly established tree populations. In Syracuse, the recent tree influx has been dominated by Rhamnus cathartica, an exotic invasive species. Without tree planting and management, the urban forest composition in some cities will likely shift to more pioneer or invasive tree species in the near term. As these species typically are smaller and have shorter life-spans, the ability of city systems to sustain more large, long-lived tree species may require human intervention through tree planting and maintenance. Data on tree regeneration and planting proportions and rates can be used to help determine tree planting rates necessary to attain desired tree cover and species composition goals. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 SUNY ESF, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), SUNY ESF, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM dnowak@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Baltimore Ecosystem Study-Long Term Ecological Research Project (BES-LTER) [DEB-0423476, BCS-0948952]; Syracuse Urban Long-Term Research Area Exploratory Award (ULTRA-Ex); Toronto and Region Conservation Authority; City of Toronto; City of London, Ontario FX Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF grants DEB-0423476 and BCS-0948952) through the Baltimore Ecosystem Study-Long Term Ecological Research Project (BES-LTER), the Syracuse Urban Long-Term Research Area Exploratory Award (ULTRA-Ex) and funding from the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority and the Cities of Toronto and London, Ontario. Special thanks go to Aaron Durnbaugh, Cherie LeBlanc-Fisher (Chicago), Ivan Lister (London), Rike Burhardt, Ruthanne Henry (Toronto), Lionel Normand, Meaghan Eastwood (Toronto suburbs), Chris Donnelly (Hartford), Lorraine Weller, Antonio Davila, Nancy Grulke, George Gonzalez, Darrel Jenerette (Los Angeles) and Ken Belt and Ian Yesilonis (Baltimore) for their assistance and support with these city analyses. Thanks also to the numerous city departments and field data collectors involved with these city assessments, and to Robert Hoehn, Jack Stevens, Allison Bodine and Mike Boarman for assistance with data collection and analyses, John Stanovick for his statistical assistance and review, and Will McWilliams and Myrna Hall for their comments on a draft manuscript. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.02.005 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 062LY UT WOS:000312922500003 ER PT J AU Santiago-Melendez, S Gonzalez, S Goenaga, R AF Santiago-Melendez, Sergio Gonzalez, Sally Goenaga, Ricardo TI Evaluation of an agricultural experiment station as a case study site for the establishment of a multi-use urban forest SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Urban forestry; Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS); Environmental and cultural resource management; Puerto Rico ID PUERTO-RICO; LAND-DEVELOPMENT; TREE SEEDLINGS; CONSEQUENCES; HURRICANES; PASTURES; IMPACTS; GROWTH AB In an attempt to contribute towards a more sustainable development for the island of Puerto Rico, this project focuses on the documentation and evaluation of the Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) near the urban center of the city of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico as a case study site to establish a multi-use and research-oriented urban forest. This location has been used since the beginning of the 20th century as a plant introduction and evaluation site, and as an in situ germplasm collection for numerous plant species. The evaluation methods consisted of identifying unique resources within the study area and stressors which could affect the latter. Unique resources were also identified on a Preliminary Resource Inventory Map (PRIM) using GPS technology. Obtained results and observations indicate that the study area represents a major potential asset for the positive economic, social, and educational development of the Mayaguez urban area due to its unique, historic, and complex ecosystems with significant environmental and cultural resources. Of the identified stressors, urban expansion was considered as the most threatening. Hypothetical recommendations providing a base for future development and management efforts in the study area were formulated with the objective of protecting and sustainably using its resources, while promoting environmental and socioeconomic benefits in the region. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Santiago-Melendez, Sergio] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Santiago-Melendez, Sergio] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gonzalez, Sally] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Goenaga, Ricardo] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Santiago-Melendez, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ssm2@hawaii.edu NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 BP 406 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.06.005 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 062LY UT WOS:000312922500007 ER PT S AU Dossett, M Lee, J Finn, CE AF Dossett, M. Lee, Jungmin Finn, C. E. BE Tanovic, B TI Anthocyanin Content of Wild Black Raspberry Germplasm SO X INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 2011 CL Zlatibor, SERBIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Sirogojno Co, Ploeger, Agro Market, BSK, Visys, Galenika - Fitofarmacija, Weremczuk, Syngenta, Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Inst Pesticide & Environm Protect DE Rubus occidentalis; cyanidin; flavonoid; bramble; pigment ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; CONSUMPTION AB Because of its intense anthocyanin pigments, black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) has a long history of use as a natural colorant and dye. Recent studies showing black raspberries to be a rich source of anthocyanins and other dietary phytochemicals have led to renewed interest in breeding better adapted cultivars that meet the demands of these markets. Anthocyanin content is a critical indicator of fruit quality for fresh and processed markets. Previous studies characterizing black raspberry anthocyanins have focused on existing cultivars comprising a narrow genetic base; however, progress in breeding new cultivars with better adaptability and disease resistance will rely on the use of new germplasm sources. Using high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/ion trap mass spectrometer, we examined anthocyanin content and profiles in the juice of fruit from black raspberry seedlings representing 78 wild populations from across the species' native range over a two year period. Anthocyanin profiles were similar to those previously reported, however total anthocyanin content varied widely. Total anthocyanins in individual clones ranged from 39 to 996 mg/100 ml (expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside) and averaged slightly higher in 2010 than in 2009. Black raspberry cultivars fell in the middle of this range, with individual wild clones ranging from less than one fourth to nearly three times the anthocyanin concentration of the industry standard, 'Munger'. Genetic diversity for anthocyanin content is present in recently collected wild black raspberry germplasm and should be carefully evaluated when using this material for breeding improved cultivars. C1 [Dossett, M.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, 6947 Hwy 7,P Box 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Lee, Jungmin] United States Dept Agr, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Agr Res Serv, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Finn, C. E.] United States Dept Agr, Hort Crops Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Dossett, M (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, 6947 Hwy 7,P Box 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research ( NCSFR); Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission; USDA- ARS CRIS [535821000- 041- 00D, 5358- 21000- 037- 00] FX We would like to thank the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research ( NCSFR), the Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission, USDA- ARS CRIS numbers 535821000- 041- 00D and 5358- 21000- 037- 00D for funding as well as Mary Peterson, Ted Mackey, Erin Ortiz, Chris Rennaker, and Brian Yorgey for their technical assistance with this project. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-08-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 946 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDH71 UT WOS:000313283300003 ER PT S AU Barney, DL Hummer, KE Robertson, NL Gilmore, BS AF Barney, D. L. Hummer, K. E. Robertson, N. L. Gilmore, B. S. BE Tanovic, B TI Ribes L. Gene Bank Management in the United States SO X INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 2011 CL Zlatibor, SERBIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Sirogojno Co, Ploeger, Agro Market, BSK, Visys, Galenika - Fitofarmacija, Weremczuk, Syngenta, Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Inst Pesticide & Environm Protect DE currant; gooseberry; genebank; genetic resources; germplasm ID GOOSEBERRY; PCR; NIGRUM AB A world collection of Ribes species and cultivars is maintained by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The NPGS is a cooperative effort by State, Federal, and private organizations to preserve plant genetic diversity by acquiring, preserving, evaluating, documenting, and distributing crop germplasm. The program provides scientists and breeders around the world with access to genetically diverse plant materials to help develop new cultivars that are resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. Clonal material and seeds from species and cultivars of currants and gooseberries were collected from throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and South America, in accordance with international treaty requirements. Future efforts will continue to fill genetic gaps in collections. The Ribes collection is maintained at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon and its worksite at the Arctic and Subarctic Plant Gene Bank (ASPGB) in Palmer, Alaska. Accessions are evaluated for climatic adaptability, growth characteristics, fruit characteristics, and disease susceptibility. Resistance to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch.), powdery mildew (Podosphaera mors-uvae [Schwein] U. Braun & S. Takam and Podosphaera macularis [Wallr.] U. Braun & S. Takam), and other common diseases is determined through field observations and laboratory tests. The collection is screened for Tomato ringspot, Arabis mosaic, Tobacco rattle, Gooseberry vein-banding viruses, and phytoplasmas. Genetic fingerprints for standard cultivars are being developed through molecular marker analysis using simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Information on the Ribes collection and public access for requesting accessions is available online through the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). GRIN is available at http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs. C1 [Barney, D. L.; Robertson, N. L.] ARS, USDA, Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Hummer, K. E.; Gilmore, B. S.] United States Dept Agr, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Agr Res Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Barney, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-08-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 946 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDH71 UT WOS:000313283300008 ER PT S AU Bassil, NV Nyberg, A Hummer, KE Graham, J Dossett, M Finn, CE AF Bassil, N. V. Nyberg, A. Hummer, K. E. Graham, J. Dossett, M. Finn, C. E. BE Tanovic, B TI A Universal Fingerprinting Set for Red Raspberry SO X INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 2011 CL Zlatibor, SERBIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Sirogojno Co, Ploeger, Agro Market, BSK, Visys, Galenika - Fitofarmacija, Weremczuk, Syngenta, Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Inst Pesticide & Environm Protect DE Rubus idaeus; blackberry; black raspberry; simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers ID SSR MARKERS AB Red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., is the most economically important fruit crop in the highly diverse Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus. This subgenus also includes black raspberry R. occidentalis L. The USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (Corvallis, Ore.), is responsible for preserving a Rubus collection of 1940 accessions that includes 370 red raspberry genotypes originating from 26 countries. These red raspberry clones are maintained as potted plants in screenhouses. Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers can be used for rapid identity verification. The objective of this study was to develop a universal SSR fingerprinting set for establishing genetic profiles for red raspberry accessions and enabling comparison of genotypes between collections. We tested 24 SSRs for ease of scoring and polymorphism in 35 red raspberry accessions common to both the NCGR and the James Hutton Institute. Ten additional species genotypes with edible berries, including Rubus subsp. Rubus and R. trivialis Mich., the American black raspberry (R. occidentalis), purple raspberry (R. xneglectus Peck) and two Asian black raspberry species (R. biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. and R. niveus Thunb.) were also examined. Six SSRs were easy to score, polymorphic, and mapped to five of the seven red raspberry linkage groups. They were amplified in two multiplexes and were successful in comparing fingerprints from eight red raspberry accessions at both genebanks. The fingerprinting set differentiated between the unique accessions. This protocol is recommended for scientists and industry for raspberry identity verification. C1 [Bassil, N. V.; Nyberg, A.; Hummer, K. E.] ARS, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Graham, J.] James Hutton Inst, Invergowrie, England. [Dossett, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finn, C. E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crop Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. FU USDA- ARS CRIS [5358- 21000- 038- 00D] FX We would like to thank the USDA- ARS CRIS Project 5358- 21000- 038- 00D for funding this project. We would also like to acknowledge laboratory technical assistance provided by Estefania Elorriaga and NCGR screenhouse staff members who work hard on maintaining integrity of the caneberry collection in a tight bench space. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-08-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 946 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDH71 UT WOS:000313283300010 ER PT S AU Robertson, NL Quito-Avila, DF Martin, RR AF Robertson, N. L. Quito-Avila, D. F. Martin, R. R. BE Tanovic, B TI Alaskan Ribes L. and Rubus L. Plant Species Surveyed for Viruses SO X INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 2011 CL Zlatibor, SERBIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Sirogojno Co, Ploeger, Agro Market, BSK, Visys, Galenika - Fitofarmacija, Weremczuk, Syngenta, Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Inst Pesticide & Environm Protect DE currant; wild raspberry; vitivirus; Ribes nigrum L.; Ribes rubrum L.; Rubus strigosus L. ID RT-PCR; RNA AB Alaska's domesticated and native Ribes and Rubus genera have virtually gone unchecked for pathogen detections. Cultivated Ribes species are predominantly found in home gardens and landscape areas along highways and in cities. In 2008, while surveying native plants for diseases in North Central Alaska near the town of North Pole, mottled leaves were readily visible on wild raspberries (Rubus strigosus L.) growing in agricultural berms and on recent clearings next to forests. In 2009 and 2010, other sites close to the original sites were observed to have similar symptoms. Initial protein extracts from partially purified preparations revealed a putative coat protein about 30 kDa. Mechanical transmission occurred in Nicotiana benthamiana and Chenopodium quinoa. Virion RNA preparations contained two dominant bands about 5.9 kb and 1.9 kb. Based on these biological parameters and similarities with Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, leaf sap and purified virion from infected raspberry and N. benthamiana were assayed for RBDV by ELISA and western blot. Leaf samples were also tested specifically for RBDV by RT-PCR. Negative results indicated that RBDV was not the causal agent involved in the native raspberry disease. Commercial raspberries growing near infected wild plants did not have symptoms and did not test positive for viruses. Another virus was discovered and detected from domesticated black and red currants (Ribes nigrum L. and R. rubrum L.) in 2008 and 2010 on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Diseased plants usually contained leaves with vein-clearing that developed into large spots. Field collected leaf samples tested positive for vitivirus using a RT-PCR assay adapted for vitivirus detection. Direct sequencing of the ca. 200 bp PCR product resulted in nucleotides that were most similar to species in the genus Vitivirus when analyzed in BLAST. This is the first time that viruses have been detected in currants and raspberries from Alaska and the first report of a vitivirus from Ribes spp. C1 [Robertson, N. L.] ARS, USDA, Arctic & Subarct Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK USA. [Quito-Avila, D. F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR USA. [Martin, R. R.] United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arctic & Subarct Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-08-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 946 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDH71 UT WOS:000313283300037 ER PT S AU Valenzuela-Estrada, LR Bryla, DR Hoashi-Erhardt, WK Moore, PP Forge, TA AF Valenzuela-Estrada, L. R. Bryla, D. R. Hoashi-Erhardt, W. K. Moore, P. P. Forge, T. A. BE Tanovic, B TI Root Traits Associated with Phytophthora Root Rot Resistance in Red Raspberry SO X INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 2011 CL Zlatibor, SERBIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Sirogojno Co, Ploeger, Agro Market, BSK, Visys, Galenika - Fitofarmacija, Weremczuk, Syngenta, Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Inst Pesticide & Environm Protect DE Rubus idaeus; endodermis; exodermis; minirhizotron; root anatomy; root production; suberin depositon ID SUBERIN; SOJAE AB Phytophthora root rot is a serious problem for commercial production of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Developing new cultivars with high resistance or tolerance to Phytophthora is therefore critical to sustaining profitable production and is a major focus of numerous raspberry breeding programs. Current breeding efforts to identify resistant genotypes screen large numbers of plants in the greenhouse and field, and select those demonstrating high tolerance to the disease. Little is known, however, why certain genotypes exhibit a better response than others under the presence of Phytophthora spp. In August 2009, we started collecting root images from minirhizotron tubes installed in a field trial of seven cultivars with varying degrees of resistance to root rot. The objective was to identify prominent root traits associated with little or no Phytophthora infection in raspberry so that the traits can be selected and incorporated into breeding material. The trial is located at the Washington State University Puyallup Research Center at a site with a long history of problems with root rot. The cultivars include 'Summit', which is highly resistant to root rot, 'Cascade Bounty' and 'Cascade Delight', also found to have high resistance, 'Meeker', the industry standard in the region with moderate resistance to root rot, 'Tulameen', which is similar to 'Meeker' in resistance, and 'Malahat' and 'Saanich', two cultivars highly susceptible to root rot. Our first year results indicate that cultivars with the highest resistance to root rot produced the most roots and the deepest root system. Resistant cultivars also had considerably less infection, according to qPCR analysis, by P. rubi, which is the species most often associated with root rot in raspberry. We began to examine the roots for evidence of suberin deposition, a physiological trait in some plants that inhibits hyphal penetration by soil pathogens such as Phytophthora. Preliminary histochemical observations on first-and second-order roots revealed that the most resistant cultivar, 'Summit', had less suberin in the root exodermis than blackberry, considered completely resistant to Phytophthora, but significantly more suberin than the least resistant cultivar, 'Malahat'. The work is ongoing, but so far, it appears that root rot resistance may be related to both rapid root production and deposition of suberin in the exodermal layer of the root cortex. If this is the case, the traits could be selected during breeding to increase raspberry resistance to root rot. C1 [Valenzuela-Estrada, L. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bryla, D. R.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hoashi-Erhardt, W. K.; Moore, P. P.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 99164 USA. [Forge, T. A.] Agr & Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada. RP Valenzuela-Estrada, LR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Washington Red Raspberry Commission FX Thanks to the Washington Red Raspberry Commission for funding. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-08-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 946 BP 283 EP 287 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDH71 UT WOS:000313283300046 ER PT S AU Strik, BC Finn, CE AF Strik, B. C. Finn, C. E. BE Tanovic, B TI Blackberry Production Systems - a Worldwide Perspective SO X INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUN 22-26, 2011 CL Zlatibor, SERBIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Sirogojno Co, Ploeger, Agro Market, BSK, Visys, Galenika - Fitofarmacija, Weremczuk, Syngenta, Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Inst Pesticide & Environm Protect DE trailing blackberry; erect; semi-erect; pruning; training; off-season ID PRIMOCANE-FRUITING BLACKBERRY; MARION TRAILING BLACKBERRY; ARAPAHO THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SUPPRESSION DATE; COLD-HARDINESS; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; TEMPERATURE; EXTEND AB There are generally three types of blackberry: the erect (e.g. 'Navaho', 'Ouachita'); semi-erect (e.g. 'Chester Thornless', 'Loch Ness'); and trailing (e.g. 'Marion', 'Boysen'). All types can be grown for fresh and processed markets, although the trailing types with their small seed (pyrene) size and aromatic flavor are considered superior for processed markets. The largest blackberry production regions are Mexico, Europe (particularly Serbia), and the USA (particularly Oregon) where the predominant types grown are erect, semi-erect, and trailing, respectively. Production systems for these types of blackberries differ with modifications in some regions depending on historical production differences, cultivar, and harvest method. Trailing blackberries are generally trained to a two-to three-wire trellis. Primocanes are either carefully managed under the canopy for every-year production or are left un-managed in the on-year of alternate year (AY) production systems. AY production systems are most common in Oregon where they are used to maximize cold tolerance and minimize cane disease. Primocane suppression techniques are used to maximize machine-harvest efficiency, while training techniques can be utilized to increase yield and cold hardiness. Erect blackberries are generally grown in hand-harvested fresh market production systems. The type of trellis used, the extent of cane training (tying or no tying), and the degree of main cane tipping and the amount and frequency of branch cane shortening in erect blackberry varies with region. In Mexico, specialized production systems, which use chemical defoliants, pruning, and growth regulators, have been developed to extend the season for erect blackberry cultivars such as 'Tupy'. Semi-erect blackberries are generally grown on a more elaborate trellis, sometimes with a divided canopy. Depending on production region, primocanes may be summer pruned to a high (similar to 1.7 m) or low (similar to 0.5 m) height to encourage branching; management of branches differs among regions. Recently, annual-fruiting, erect blackberries have being trialed by commercial growers in many production regions. Early evidence indicates this type of blackberry may offer advantages for out-of-season production in warmer climates, provided the plantings are pruned and managed well. As demand for blackberries continues to increase, new cultivars are being developed including primocane- or annual-fruiting, erect types and hybrids between erect, semi-erect, and trailing types that require modifications in the traditional pruning and training systems. C1 [Strik, B. C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finn, C. E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crop Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-08-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 946 BP 341 EP 347 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDH71 UT WOS:000313283300056 ER PT S AU Kogut, MH McReynolds, JL He, H Genovese, KJ Jesudhasan, PR Davidson, A Cepeda, MA Pillai, SD AF Kogut, M. H. McReynolds, J. L. He, H. Genovese, K. J. Jesudhasan, P. R. Davidson, A. Cepeda, M. A. Pillai, S. D. BE Spier, R TI Electron-beam Irradiation Inactivation of Salmonella: Effects on Innate Immunity and Induction of Protection Against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Challenge of Chickens SO 5TH VACCINE AND ISV ANNUAL GLOBAL CONGRESS SE Procedia in Vaccinology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Vaccine and ISV Annual Global Congress CY OCT 02-04, 2011 CL Seattle, WA SP ISV DE Chickens; Electron-beam irradiation; Salmonella; innate immunity; priming ID ENTERITIDIS ORGAN INVASION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; DAY-OLD CHICKENS; OXIDATIVE BURST; BROILER CHICKS; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION AB Our laboratories are investigating the use of High Energy (10 MeV) Electron-Beam (E-beam) irradiation for is potential use in vaccine development. Ionizing radiation inactivates microorganisms by "direct and indirect" effects on nucleic acids and other cellular components. Though the cells are inactivated, the surface antigenic properties of the microorganisms remain unaltered. We hypothesized that electron-beam (E-beam) inactivated Salmonella enterica serovars could be used as a potential immune modulator to activate the innate immune response and thus reduce Salmonella intestinal colonization and shedding in neonatal chickens. Three replicate experiments were designed to evaluate the efficacy of a high energy E-beam irradiated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) administered in ovo to: (a) induce a functional innate immune response and (b) reduce ST colonization in the ceca of chicks three-weeks post-hatch. We have previously shown that unmethylated CpG motifs of bacteria DNA oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) given in ovo stimulates innate immune responsiveness of chicken heterophils and increases resistance of young chickens to SE colonization; thus were used as positive controls in these experiments Eighteen-day-old chicken embryos were equally divided into four independent treatment groups: (1) a negative control (sham injected, no challenge) group, (2) an infected control (sham injected, challenged) group, (3) a CpG-ODN injected, challenged positive control, and (4) an E-beam ST-injected, challenged group. All treatment groups contained 100 birds, half of the animals from each treatment group were euthanized on day 4 post-hatch so that peripheral blood granulocytes (heterophils) could be collected to evaluate the functional innate immune response. The remaining birds where reared under normal housing conditions for the remainder of the experiment. On day 18 post-hatch the birds were challenged with the homologous ST strain and five days later (day 23 post-hatch), the experiment was terminated to evaluate the colonization of ST in the ceca of the birds. Differences in the leukocyte function and in the log(10) cfu of ST counts among treatment groups were determined by analysis of variance. Significant differences were further separated using Duncan's multiple range tests. Here, heterophil function was measured using in vitro assays for (1) oxidative burst and (2) degranulation. Heterophils from the CpG-ODN and E-beam ST-treated birds exhibited a significant increase (P <= 0.05) in both the oxidative response and degranulation when compared to all other treatment groups with no differences in heterophil functions between the CpG-ODN and e-beam-treated groups. ST colonization of the ceca was significantly reduced (P <= 0.05) in both the CpG-ODN and the E-beam ST-treated birds when compared to the non-vaccinated control birds. These results demonstrate that in ovo administration of E-beam irradiated Salmonella induced a primed heterophil-mediated innate immune response and provide a protective intestinal colonization-inhibition effect against a homologous Salmonella challenge. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the 5th vaccine conference organizing conunittee. C1 [Kogut, M. H.; McReynolds, J. L.; He, H.; Genovese, K. J.] ARS, USDA, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Jesudhasan, P. R.; Davidson, A.; Cepeda, M. A.; Pillai, S. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Natl Ctr E Beam Rers, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-282X J9 PROCEDIA VACCINOL JI Procedia Vaccinol. PY 2012 VL 6 BP 47 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.008 PG 17 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BDD67 UT WOS:000312833700007 ER PT S AU Menage, D Chetehouna, K Mell, W AF Menage, D. Chetehouna, K. Mell, W. GP IOP TI Numerical simulations of fire spread in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed SO 6TH EUROPEAN THERMAL SCIENCES CONFERENCE (EUROTHERM 2012) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Thermal Sciences Conference (Eurotherm) CY SEP 04-07, 2012 CL Poitiers, FRANCE ID PHYSICAL MODEL; PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; CONVECTION; RADIATION AB The main aim of this paper is to extend the cases of WFDS model validation by comparing its predictions to literature data on a ground fire spreading in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed. This comparison is based on the experimental results of Mendes-Lopes and co-workers. This study is performed using the same domain as in the experiments (3.0mx1.2mx0.9m) with a mesh of 49,280 cells. We investigate the influence of wind (varied between 0 and 2 m/s) and moisture content (10 and 18%) on the rate of spread. The WFDS rate of spread is determined using a cross-correlation function of ground temperature profiles. The simulated rate of spread, as well as temperature, compared favourably to experimental values and show the WFDS model capacity to predict ground fires in Pinus Pinaster fuel beds. C1 [Menage, D.; Chetehouna, K.] ENSI Bourges, Lab PRISME, UPRES 4229, Bourges, France. [Mell, W.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Menage, D (reprint author), ENSI Bourges, Lab PRISME, UPRES 4229, Bourges, France. EM khaled.chetehouna@ensi-bourges.fr FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP07-1-5-0] FX Partial funding for this work from the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP07-1-5-0) for W. Mell is gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 395 AR 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/395/1/012011 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BDA09 UT WOS:000312264800011 ER PT J AU Warren, MW Kauffman, JB Murdiyarso, D Anshari, G Hergoualc'h, K Kurnianto, S Purbopuspito, J Gusmayanti, E Afifudin, M Rahajoe, J Alhamd, L Limin, S Iswandi, A AF Warren, M. W. Kauffman, J. B. Murdiyarso, D. Anshari, G. Hergoualc'h, K. Kurnianto, S. Purbopuspito, J. Gusmayanti, E. Afifudin, M. Rahajoe, J. Alhamd, L. Limin, S. Iswandi, A. TI A cost-efficient method to assess carbon stocks in tropical peat soil SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDONESIAN PEATLANDS; LAND-USE; KALIMANTAN; EMISSIONS; DEGRADATION; DYNAMICS; MALAYSIA; SUMATRA; BORNEO; POOL AB Estimation of belowground carbon stocks in tropical wetland forests requires funding for laboratory analyses and suitable facilities, which are often lacking in developing nations where most tropical wetlands are found. It is therefore beneficial to develop simple analytical tools to assist belowground carbon estimation where financial and technical limitations are common. Here we use published and original data to describe soil carbon density (kgC m(-3); C-d) as a function of bulk density (gC cm(-3); B-d), which can be used to rapidly estimate belowground carbon storage using B-d measurements only. Predicted carbon densities and stocks are compared with those obtained from direct carbon analysis for ten peat swamp forest stands in three national parks of Indonesia. Analysis of soil carbon density and bulk density from the literature indicated a strong linear relationship (C-d = B-d x 495.14+5.41, R-2 = 0.93, n = 151) for soils with organic C content > 40 %. As organic C content decreases, the relationship between C-d and B-d becomes less predictable as soil texture becomes an important determinant of C-d. The equation predicted belowground C stocks to within 0.92% to 9.57% of observed values. Average bulk density of collected peat samples was 0.127 g cm(-3), which is in the upper range of previous reports for Southeast Asian peatlands. When original data were included, the revised equation C-d = B-d x 468.76 + 5.82, with R-2 = 0.95 and n = 712, was slightly below the lower 95% confidence interval of the original equation, and tended to decrease C-d estimates. We recommend this last equation for a rapid estimation of soil C stocks for well-developed peat soils where C content > 40 %. C1 [Warren, M. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kauffman, J. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kauffman, J. B.; Murdiyarso, D.; Hergoualc'h, K.; Kurnianto, S.; Purbopuspito, J.] Jalan CIFOR, Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia. [Murdiyarso, D.] Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Geophys & Meteorol, Jalan Meranti 16680, Darmaga Bogor, Indonesia. [Anshari, G.; Gusmayanti, E.; Afifudin, M.] Univ Tanjungpura, Ctr Wetlands People & Biodivers, Pontianak 78124, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. [Kurnianto, S.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rahajoe, J.; Alhamd, L.] Cibinong Sci Ctr, Sci Res Ctr Biol, Indonesian Inst, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia. [Limin, S.] Univ Palangka Raya, CIMTROP, Cent Kalimantan 73111, Indonesia. [Iswandi, A.] Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Soil Sci & Land Management, Lab Soil Biotechnol, Jalan Meranti 16680, Indonesia. RP Warren, MW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mwwarren@fs.fed.us RI Purbopuspito, Joko/P-1165-2015; OI Purbopuspito, Joko/0000-0002-4631-596X; Anshari, Gusti/0000-0001-9639-0266 FU US State Department; US Agency for International Development's Tropical Wetlands Initiative for Climate Adaptation and Mitigation (TWINCAM) project FX Funding for this study was provided by grants to the United States Forest Service and Center for International Forestry Research by the US State Department and the US Agency for International Development's Tropical Wetlands Initiative for Climate Adaptation and Mitigation (TWINCAM) project. The authors thank Lou Verchot and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. The authors also thank the local researchers, students, and technicians who participated in the field and laboratory components of this study. In addition, we thank the management and staff of Danau Sentarum, Berbak, and Sebangau National Parks for providing authorization, accommodation and logistical support for the field portion of the study. Peat samples were analyzed at the Bogor Agricultural University, Soil Biotechnology Laboratory. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 11 BP 4477 EP 4485 DI 10.5194/bg-9-4477-2012 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 058XC UT WOS:000312667300021 ER PT J AU Dillman, KL Ahti, T Bjork, CR Clerc, P Ekman, S Goward, T Hafellner, J Perez-Ortega, S Printzen, C Savic, S Schultz, M Svensson, M Thor, G Tonsberg, T Vitikainen, O Westberg, M Spribille, T AF Dillman, Karen L. Ahti, Teuvo Bjoerk, Curtis R. Clerc, Philippe Ekman, Stefan Goward, Trevor Hafellner, Josef Perez-Ortega, Sergio Printzen, Christian Savic, Sanja Schultz, Matthias Svensson, Mans Thor, Goran Tonsberg, Tor Vitikainen, Orvo Westberg, Martin Spribille, Toby TI New records, range extensions and nomenclatural innovations for lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Alaska, USA SO HERZOGIA LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Ascomycota; Bering Straits; biodiversity; fungi; Klondike; lectotypification; nomenclature; Puttea ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; GENUS; CANADA; FLORA; ASCOMYCOTA; SYNOPSIS AB DILLMAN, K. L., AHTI, T., BJORK, C. R., CLERC, P., EKMAN, S., GOWARD, T., HAFELLNER, J., PEREZ-ORTEGA, S., PRINTZEN, C., SAVI, S., SCHULTZ, M., SVENSSON, M., THOR, G., TONSBERG, T., VITIKAINEN, O., WESTBERG, M. & SPRIBILLE, T. 2012. New records, range extensions and nomenclatural innovations for lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Alaska, U.S.A. - Herzogia 25: 177-210. Surveys of lichens and lichenicolous fungi have been taking place in the U.S. state of Alaska for more than 160 years, but until now assessing the full extent of their diversity has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive and synonymized baseline inventory. In this paper we will begin to redress this by resolving outstanding nomenclatural issues and providing voucher data for a forthcoming catalog of Alaskan lichens, specifically: 1) synonymization,and/or resolution of status of species previously reported from Alaska, with emphasis on Alaskan types; 2) species new to the Alaska lichen biota; and 3) biogeographically significant new records from within Alaska. We report 91 species new to the flora of Alaska, including 65 lichens, three saprophytic calicioid fungi and 23 lichenicolous fungi. Of these, we report thirteen species, Biatora sphaeroidiza, Biatorella conspurcans, Chaenothecopsis arthoniae, Collemopsidium foveolatum, Dactylospora frigida, Halospora discrepans, Lecanora bryopsora, Opegrapha geographicola, Peltigera lyngei, Petractis clausa, Protoblastenia cyclospora, Thelocarpon impressellum and Usnea cylindrica as new to North America. In addition, Arthonia pruinata and Flavocetraria minuscula are new to Canada and Adelococcus alpestris new to the United States. We further place the following five names into synonymy: Lecania disceptans (Nyl.) Lynge [= Halecania alpivaga (Th.Fr.) M.Mayrhofer], Lecidea pallidella Nyl. [= Lecania subfuscula (Nyl.) S.Ekman], Lempholemma triptodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Leciophysma finmarkicum Th.Fr.), Polyblastia obtenta (Nyl.) Lynge [= Sporodictyon terrestre (Th.Fr.) S.Savic & Tibell], and Verrucaria pernigrata Nyl. [= Protothelenella sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt]. We propose restoring the long overlooked taxon Polyblastia exalbida (Nyl.) Zahlbr., currently known only from Alaska, to the North American lichen checklist. Finally, we propose the new combination Puttea caesia (Fr.) M.Svensson & T.Sprib. to replace Lecidea symmictella Nyl., which becomes a synonym. C1 [Dillman, Karen L.] US Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. [Ahti, Teuvo] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, Bot Museum, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Bjoerk, Curtis R.; Goward, Trevor] Univ British Columbia, Beaty Museum, UBC Herbarium, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Clerc, Philippe] Conservatoire & Jardin Botan Ville Geneve, CH-1292 Chambesy Ge, Switzerland. [Ekman, Stefan] Uppsala Univ, Museum Evolut, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hafellner, Josef; Spribille, Toby] Graz Univ, Inst Plant Sci, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Perez-Ortega, Sergio] CSIC, Ctr Ciencias Medioambient, Inst Recursos Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Printzen, Christian] Nat Hist Museum, Senckenberg Res Inst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Printzen, Christian] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr LOEWE BiK F, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Savic, Sanja] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Systemat Bot, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Schultz, Matthias] Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek & Botan Garten, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. [Svensson, Mans; Thor, Goran] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Tonsberg, Tor] Univ Bergen, Museum Nat Hist, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Westberg, Martin] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Sect Cryptogam Bot, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Spribille, Toby] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci HS 304, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Spribille, T (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Plant Sci, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM kdillman@fs.fed.us; teuvo.ahti@helsinki.fi; crbjork@gmail.com; philippe.clerc@cjb.ville-ge.ch; stefan.ekman@evolmuseum.uu.se; trevor.goward@botany.ubc.ca; josef.hafellner@uni-graz.at; sperezortega@ccma.csic.es; Christian.Printzen@senckenberg.de; sanja.savic@ebc.uu.se; schultzm@botanik.uni-hamburg.de; Mans.Svensson@ekol.slu.se; goran.thor@nvb.slu.se; tor.tonsberg@bm.uib.no; orvo.vitikainen@helsinki.fi; martin.westberg@nrm.se; toby.spribille@mso.umt.edu RI Perez-Ortega, Sergio/G-1257-2016 OI Perez-Ortega, Sergio/0000-0002-5411-3698 FU U.S. National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park; Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve [R9815110518] FX We would like to thank Ulf Arup, Alan Fryday, Anders Nordin, Leif Tibell and Einar Timdal for the identification or verification of several specimens. Peter Kosnik and Walter Obermayer are thanked for performing comparative TLC on several specimens. Tim Wheeler graciously allowed us to cite his recently collected specimen of Protoparmelia atriseda. We thank the curator of the herbarium F for a loan and the curators of ALA and S for accommodating us on recent research visits. Irwin Brodo, Alan Fryday, Paul Diederich and Helmut Mayrhofer provided detailed reviews. Peter Nelson organized field access by CP and TS to the Tokositna and Chulitna River areas in 2008. Work by SPO and TS was supported in part by the U.S. National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, and Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (project R9815110518 to the University of Montana). NR 163 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLAM E V PI HALLE PA BRYOLOGISCH-LICHENOLOGISCHE ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT MITTELEUROPA EV, UNIV HALLE-WITTENBERG, NEUWERK 21, HALLE, D-06108, GERMANY SN 0018-0971 J9 HERZOGIA JI Herzogia PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 177 EP 210 PG 34 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 062JW UT WOS:000312917100005 ER PT J AU Wang, S Zhang, Z Sun, G Strauss, P Guo, J Tang, Y Yao, A AF Wang, S. Zhang, Z. Sun, G. Strauss, P. Guo, J. Tang, Y. Yao, A. TI Multi-site calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis of the MIKE SHE Model for a large watershed in northern China SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; LARGE MOUNTAINOUS CATCHMENT; HIGH SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; RUNOFF; CONSTRUCTION; SWAT; STREAMFLOW; ALGORITHM; IMPACT AB Model calibration is essential for hydrologic modeling of large watersheds in a heterogeneous mountain environment. Little guidance is available for model calibration protocols for distributed models that aim at capturing the spatial variability of hydrologic processes. This study used the physically-based distributed hydrologic model, MIKE SHE, to contrast a lumped calibration protocol that used streamflow measured at one single watershed outlet to a multi-site calibration method which employed streamflow measurements at three stations within the large Chaohe River basin in northern China. Simulation results showed that the single-site calibrated model was able to sufficiently simulate the hydrographs for two of the three stations (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.65-0.75, and correlation coefficient 0.81-0.87 during the testing period), but the model performed poorly for the third station (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient only 0.44). Sensitivity analysis suggested that streamflow of upstream area of the watershed was dominated by slow groundwater, whilst streamflow of middle-and down-stream areas by relatively quick interflow. Therefore, a multi-site calibration protocol was deemed necessary. Due to the potential errors and uncertainties with respect to the representation of spatial variability, performance measures from the multi-site calibration protocol slightly decreased for two of the three stations, whereas it was improved greatly for the third station. We concluded that multi-site calibration protocol reached a compromise in term of model performance for the three stations, reasonably representing the hydrographs of all three stations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient ranging from 0.59-072. The multi-site calibration protocol applied in the analysis generally has advantages to the single site calibration protocol. C1 [Zhang, Z.; Guo, J.; Tang, Y.; Yao, A.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Minist Educ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wang, S.] N China Elect Power Univ, MOE Key Lab Reg Energy & Environm Syst Optimizat, Resources & Environm Res Acad, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, So Res Stn, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Strauss, P.] Fed Agcy Water Management, A-3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Minist Educ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM zhqzhang@bjfu.edu.cn RI Strauss, Peter/I-2983-2015 OI Strauss, Peter/0000-0002-8693-9304 FU special fund for the scientific research of forest public welfare industry [201204102]; Ministry of Science and Technology, China through Key International Scientific and Technical Cooperation Project [2009DFA92430]; Program for Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1127]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [12MS68] FX The work is financially supported by special fund for the scientific research of forest public welfare industry (Project No. 201204102) and by the Ministry of Science and Technology, China through Key International Scientific and Technical Cooperation Project (Grant No. 2009DFA92430). Also part of the work was supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1127), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (12MS68). NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 12 BP 4621 EP 4632 DI 10.5194/hess-16-4621-2012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 059ID UT WOS:000312696800009 ER PT J AU Wang, L Liu, J Sun, G Wei, X Liu, S Dong, Q AF Wang, L. Liu, J. Sun, G. Wei, X. Liu, S. Dong, Q. TI "Water, climate, and vegetation: ecohydrology in a changing world" Preface SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOESS PLATEAU; NORTHWEST CHINA; SOIL-MOISTURE; RIVER; STREAMFLOW; IMPACTS; CATCHMENTS; DYNAMICS; INTERIOR; REACHES C1 [Wang, L.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wang, L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Liu, J.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Nat Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Wei, X.] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Liu, S.] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Dong, Q.] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM w.lixin@gmail.com RI Liu, Junguo/B-3021-2012; Wang, Lixin/A-2572-2008 OI Liu, Junguo/0000-0002-5745-6311; Wang, Lixin/0000-0003-0968-1247 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 12 BP 4633 EP 4636 DI 10.5194/hess-16-4633-2012 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 059ID UT WOS:000312696800010 ER PT S AU Aradhya, MK Preece, JE AF Aradhya, M. K. Preece, J. E. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Research on Wild Relatives of Fruit and Nut Crops at the Davis Repository SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE crop wild relatives; genetic characterization; genetic conservation; Juglans; phylogeny; Vitis ID JUGLANS JUGLANDACEAE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; RETICULATE EVOLUTION; NONCODING REGIONS; UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; DIVERGENCE TIMES; TERTIARY FLORAS; PHYLOGENY; AMPLIFICATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The USDA germplasm repository in Davis is responsible for acquiring, conserving and distributing a broad spectrum of diversity of subtropical and temperate fruit and nut species germplasm to stakeholders around the world. Currently the repository holds over 7000 germplasm accessions including Actinidia (kiwi fruit), Diospyros (persimmon), Ficus (fig), Juglans (walnuts), Morus (mulberry), Olea (olive), Pistacia (pistachio), Prunus (stonefruits and almond), Punica (pomegranate), Vitis (grape), and other minor genera. Wild relatives are widely represented in the collections with nearly 50% of the accessions and >90% of the taxa (196 out a total of 215 taxa) representing the wild gene pools. Research at the repository is mainly focused on genetic characterization of germplasm using molecular markers and morphological traits to quantify and describe genetic structure and differentiation within and among species and gene pools. Various population genetic, multivariate and phylogenetic approaches are utilized to classify and elucidate genetic and evolutionary relationships within and among taxa and gene pools. Most of our crop genera are tertiary disjuncts with modern distributions showing disjunction between Eurasia and the Americas. There is rich fossil history and excellent opportunities for analyzing the phylogeny and historical biogeography to understand the paleobotanical and evolutionary events that led to the modern disjunctions. In addition to traditional uses of germplasm for genetic improvement of crops, the collections are increasingly being used in association genetic analyses for gene discovery and to dissect complex phenotypes by exploiting historical genetic recombination. We will review several studies we have conducted to illustrate different methods and approaches to characterize germplasm collections, and discuss results and implications for effective conservation, management, and utilization of germplasm collections. C1 [Aradhya, M. K.; Preece, J. E.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Aradhya, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aradhya@ucdavis.edu NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 19 EP 32 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900001 ER PT S AU Ayala-Silva, T Gordon, GG Schnell, R Winterstein, M AF Ayala-Silva, T. Gordon, G. G. Schnell, R. Winterstein, M. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Application of Propiconazole in Management of Laurel Wilt Disease in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Trees SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE ambrosia beetle; fungicide injection; avocado; Raffaelea sp.; Xyleborus glabratus ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; REDBAY TREES; SCOLYTINAE; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; LAURACEAE; SYMBIONT; PATHOGEN; VECTOR; OAK AB Laurel wilt is a vascular disease of Lauraceous plants caused by a fungus (Raffaelea spp.) that is carried by a recently introduced, nonnative ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus). The disease is devastating to Persea species including redbay (Persea borbonia) and avocado (Persea americana) trees in forests, parks, orchards and residential areas in the southeastern United States. Avocado is the most important agricultural crop susceptible to laurel wilt. Management strategies for reducing its impact in Persea sp. (specifically P. americana) are needed. The USDA ARS NPGS collection of avocado is conserved at the National Germplasm Repository (NGR) in Miami-Dade County Florida. Although the avocado collection is currently free from the ambrosia beetle and the laurel wilt disease, it is believed to be only a matter of time before this insect/disease complex reaches the collection. Macro infusion of the fungicide Propiconazole (Alamo (R)) has been shown to control the disease in red bay and other oak species. In this study, the use of the systemic fungicide Propiconazole (Alamo (R)) macro infusion through the root system was infused at the recommended doses. Plants were infused in June 2009 and again in February 2011. The rate of application varied greatly with the diameter of tree trunk at breast level (dbl). The rates recommended on the Alamo (R) label were the rates use initially. Results from research conducted in redbay suggest propiconazole could be useful in preventing laurel wilt in redbay and other Persea species. Preliminary results demonstrated propiconazole was present in branches of trees injected 14 months after treatment. C1 [Ayala-Silva, T.; Gordon, G. G.; Schnell, R.; Winterstein, M.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Ayala-Silva, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM tomas.ayala-silva@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900007 ER PT S AU Kluepfel, DA Aradhya, MK Browne, GT McKenry, MV Leslie, CA McClean, AE Moersfelder, J Velasco, D Baumgartner, K AF Kluepfel, D. A. Aradhya, M. K. Browne, G. T. McKenry, M. V. Leslie, C. A. McClean, A. E. Moersfelder, J. Velasco, D. Baumgartner, K. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI The Quest to Identify Disease Resistance in the USDA-ARS Juglans Germplasm Collection SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE rootstocks; disease resistance; Juglans; walnut breeding; crown gall resistance; phytophthora resistance; nematode resistance ID CROWN-GALL RESISTANCE; ARMILLARIA ROOT DISEASE; ENGLISH WALNUT TREES; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; IN-VITRO; PHYTOPHTHORA; ROOTSTOCKS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HYBRIDS; MELLEA AB Ninety-nine percent of the U. S. Persian walnut crop is produced in California, USA, where walnut trees are typically grown on the hybrid rootstock Paradox (Juglans hindsii x Juglans regia). However, despite their popularity and relative advantage, Paradox seedling rootstocks are susceptible to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (crown gall), root-lesion and root-knot nematodes, Armillaria mellea (Armillaria root disease) and Phytophthora spp. (Phytophthora root and crown rot). Each of these diseases can cause serious loss to the California walnut industry. Therefore, continued walnut rootstock improvement is needed to identify disease-resistant, commercially-acceptable rootstocks. Towards this end we are examining the Juglandaceae collection at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Davis, CA (USA). This collection contains the largest assemblage of wild Juglans spp. in North America with >550 accessions of black walnut, Asian butternut, Persian walnut, and wingnut (Pterocarya). Our preliminary evaluations of this Juglans germplasm collection has revealed resistance to A. tumefaciens and Phytophthora spp. among the J. hindsii, J. major, J. microcarpa and Pterocarya accessions, and root-lesion nematode resistance in J. cathayensis. Preliminary evaluations of these initial findings provide a foundation for continued examination of Juglans wild relatives to identify novel genotypes, which may contain valuable genes for disease resistance and environmental adaptation. C1 [Kluepfel, D. A.; Browne, G. T.; McClean, A. E.; Baumgartner, K.] Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Aradhya, M. K.; Moersfelder, J.] USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Resp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McKenry, M. V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Kearney Agr Ctr, Riverside, CA 93648 USA. [Leslie, C. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dakluepfel@ucdavis.edu NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900011 ER PT S AU Koehmstedt, AM Aradhya, MK Soleri, D Smith, JL Polito, VS AF Koehmstedt, A. M. Aradhya, M. K. Soleri, D. Smith, J. L. Polito, V. S. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Some Historic Olive (Olea europaea L.) Germplasm in the United States Using Microsatellite Markers SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE SSRs; cluster analysis; genetic resources management; California; Arizona ID SEQUENCE REPEATS SSRS; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION AB Fifteen microsatellite simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to genotype 58 accessions of cultivated olive, Olea europaea L. ssp. europaea var. europaea, from two collections of 19th to 20th century plantings in Arizona and California, in order to examine genetic diversity and structure within and among collections. These collections are Lotusland Gardens in Santa Barbara, CA, and the Arboretum of the University of Arizona, Tucson. Genotypes in the olive collection at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Fruit & Nut Crops (NCGR) in Davis, California were compared with the historic collections to potentially establish cultivar identity. Mean number of alleles per locus was 5.0 for Lotusland and 3.5 for the University of Arizona. Mean observed heterozygosity per collection was 0.650 for Lotusland and 0.598 for the University of Arizona. Up to 90% of the samples per collection were found to be synonymous with named, primarily Spanish or Italian, cultivars, yet these historic collections also contain significant genetic diversity, including genotypes and alleles not present in the NCGR germplasm collection. The cluster analysis placed the unknown genotypes within clades containing cultivars from the Eastern Mediterranean or from throughout the Mediterranean region, and in some cases produced relatively distinct branches. C1 [Koehmstedt, A. M.; Aradhya, M. K.; Smith, J. L.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Soleri, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Polito, V. S.] Univ Calif, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Koehmstedt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anne.koehmstedt@ars.usda.gov FU USDAARS Project CRIS [5306- 21000- 016- 001] FX The authors wish to acknowledge and thank Virginia Hayes, Curator of the Living Collections at Lotusland Gardens, Elizabeth Davison, Director of University of Arizona Campus Arboretum, and Jolie Goldenetz of the University of Arizona, for granting access to and providing samples and important information from their olive collections. This study was funded by the USDAARS Project CRIS 5306- 21000- 016- 001. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 159 EP 168 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900017 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE Postman, JD Bassil, N Nathewet, P AF Hummer, K. E. Postman, J. D. Bassil, N. Nathewet, P. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Chromosome Numbers and Flow Cytometry of Strawberry Wild Relatives SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Fragaria; chromosome counts; cytology; crop wild relatives; flow cytometry ID KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS; FRAGARIA ROSACEAE AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Oregon, maintains the national collection for strawberry (Fragaria L.) germplasm. The hybrid strawberry of commerce, F. xananassa Duchesne ex Rozier has two octoploid wild American relatives in the primary gene pool (Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. subsp. chiloensis forma chiloensis and F. virginiana Miller subsp. virginiana). The secondary gene pool includes about 18 additional species native circumpolar boreal, in a polyploid series from diploid to decaploid. Chromosome numbers of root tip cells were counted for 46 strawberries in the Repository collection representing 28 taxa (species and subspecies taxa). The base chromosome number was seven. Counted genotypes included an aneuploid, fifteen diploids, 3 tetraploids, 1 hexaploid, 14 octoploids, and 2 decaploids. In addition, flow cytometry was performed. Flow cytometry reliably determined gross ploidy level. Diploid species had a range of DNA ratios from 0.22 to 0.29. Tetraploids had a DNA ratio of 0.47 to 0.50. The hexaploid DNA ratio was 0.66. That of the octoploids ranged from 0.74 to 0.82. Decaploid cytotypes, with DNA ratios of 1.0 or higher, could readily be separated from octoploids. The aneuploid F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica with 54 chromosomes had a smaller DNA ratio than other F. chiloensis having 56. Further experimentation linking the DNA ratio with the C value of these strawberry species will be performed. Propagules of these plant accessions in this study are available to researchers for breeding and genetic research. C1 [Hummer, K. E.; Postman, J. D.; Bassil, N.] ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nathewet, P.] Maejo Univ, Div Vegetable Technol, Dept Hort, Fac Agr Prod, Sansai, Thailand. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon [CRIS 5358- 21000- 038- 00D] FX This research was funded by CRIS 5358- 21000- 038- 00D at the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900018 ER PT S AU Preece, JE Smith, JL AF Preece, J. E. Smith, J. L. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Phenotypic Comparisons between Wild Relatives and Cultivars of Kiwifruit, Persimmon, Mulberry, and Olive at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Actinidia; Diospyros; Morus; Olea; fruit characteristics; flower characteristics AB Phenotypic traits were characterized for 23 wild species and 4 cultivars of 4 clonal fruit crops including, Kiwifruit (Actinidia), Persimmon (Diospyros), Mulberry (Morus) and Olive (Olea). Across all four crops, the wild species varied distinctly, especially when compared with the cultivars. The wild kiwifruit relatives exhibited notable differences in their flower and fruit characteristics such as: anther color, fruit skin color, smaller flower diameter and fruit size, less fruit pubescence, and generally earlier harvest dates. The wild persimmon relatives were diverse in their fruit characteristics and had earlier or later harvest dates than 'Fuyu'. The wild mulberry relatives produced smaller fruit with lower titratable acidity and variable soluble solid content. The wild olive relatives differed chiefly from cultivars in leaf and fruit characteristics including: leaf color, leaf curvature, smaller fruit size, a reduced flesh to pit ratio, and earlier harvest dates. C1 [Preece, J. E.; Smith, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Preece, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM john.preece@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900019 ER PT S AU Postman, JD Stover, E Aradhya, MK Meyer, PW Williams, KA AF Postman, J. D. Stover, E. Aradhya, M. K. Meyer, P. W. Williams, K. A. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Recent NPGS Coordinated Expeditions in the Trans-Caucasus Region to Collect Wild Relatives of Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE germplasm preservation; genebank; center of origin; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia AB The USDA Agricultural Research Service-managed National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) coordinated several germplasm expeditions in the trans-Caucasus countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia beginning in 2001. One of the goals was to preserve valuable wild relatives of crop species ex situ at genebanks in the host countries and in NPGS genebanks in the United States. The Caucasus region is a center of origin for several important temperate fruit and nut crops that are conserved at NPGS facilities in Oregon, New York and California. Seeds and cuttings of landrace cultivars and wild relatives were collected from diverse habitats in accordance with international agreements and national laws. Since 2001, more than 50 unique accessions of Corylus (hazelnut), 20 Cydonia (quince), 23 Mespilus (medlar), 52 Pyrus (pear) and smaller numbers Amelanchier, Crataegus and Sorbus from these three trans-Caucasus nations have been added to the NPGS collections in Corvallis, Oregon. Almost 50 Ficus samples, 125 Juglans, 53 Pistacia, 50 Punica, 70 Vitis and many accessions of various Prunus species went to the genebank in Davis, California. Malus (apple) samples numbered 30 and were deposited at the genebank in Geneva, New York. Established accessions are evaluated for horticultural traits, environmental adaptations and pest resistance, and made available to researchers world-wide for genetic studies and crop improvement. C1 [Postman, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stover, E.] US Hort Res Lab, USDA Agr Res Serv, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Aradhya, M. K.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA USA. [Meyer, P. W.] Univ Penn, Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Williams, K. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Postman, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Joseph.Postman@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900021 ER PT S AU Grauke, LJ Thompson, TE Mendoza-Herrera, MA AF Grauke, L. J. Thompson, T. E. Mendoza-Herrera, M. A. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Native Walnuts of Texas SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Juglans; microsatellite markers; interspecific hybrids ID JUGLANS AB Three species of Juglans occur naturally in Texas. Eastern Black walnut, J. nigra is found in eastern to central Texas. J. major, the Arizona walnut, is reported in scattered, disjunct populations from central to west Texas. J. microcarpa, the Little walnut, occurs from central to west Texas. Hybrids between all species have been previously reported. Collections were made from several autochthonous populations of each species, some previously undocumented, for the purpose of providing germplasm for use in the NCGR-Davis. Samples were characterized for morphological descriptors of nuts and leaves, revealing considerable overlap between species. DNA was extracted from each individual and evaluated using plastid microsatellite markers developed for use in the sister genus Carya. Of three loci (ccmp2, ntcp40, ntcp9), all of which show polymorphism in Carya, only one (ntcp40) was polymorphic among Texas walnuts. Samples of J. nigra from populations in the eastern U. S. revealed additional alleles for ntcp40, but remained monomorphic at the other loci. Samples of J. regia and J. mandshurica had unique alleles at all three plastid loci. Juglans microcarpa and J. major samples from Texas populations shared three alleles, two of which were the only alleles at the ntcp40 locus found in J. nigra from Texas. Observations are consistent with interspecific hybridization between Texas walnuts. Shell texture was the most convincing indication of hybridity between J. major and J. nigra. Hybrid individuals involving J. microcarpa and its sister species were suspected based on a combination of morphological and molecular characteristics. C1 [Grauke, L. J.; Thompson, T. E.] USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. [Mendoza-Herrera, M. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Norman Borlaug Ctr So Crop Improvment, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Grauke, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. EM ljg@tamu.edu FU National Plant Germplasm System FX This work was supported by a plant collection grant from the National Plant Germplasm System. Permission to collect on State of Texas lands was kindly provided by David Riskind, Natural Resources Program of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The valuable assistance of Stephan Hatch and Dale Kruse ( TAMU Tracy Herbarium, College Station, TX) and Tom Wendt ( The University of Texas Herbarium, Austin, TX) NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 199 EP 210 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900022 ER PT S AU Postman, JD AF Postman, J. D. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Center of Origin Provides Sources of Disease Resistance SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Rosaceae; Fabraea; powdery mildew; rust; fire blight AB Quince is a close relative of apples (Malus sp.) and pears (Pyrus sp.) in the Rosaceae family. It has been cultivated for thousands of years in central Asia and the Middle East for its fruit, and for hundreds of years as a dwarfing rootstock for pears. The USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Oregon has assembled a diverse living Cydonia collection that includes wild collected accessions, landrace genotypes and named cultivars from the center of origin in the Middle East and Central Asia. One self-rooted tree each of 125 accessions is maintained in a 1 hectare orchard. Trees were evaluated annually from 2006 to 2010 for incidence of naturally occurring diseases including Fabraea leaf and fruit spot (Diplocarpon mespili (Sorauer) B. Sutton (=Fabraea maculata)), powdery mildew (Podosphaera sp.), rust (Gymnosporangium sp.) and fire blight (Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al). A standard rating system of 1 (no disease) to 9 (severe symptoms) was used for all diseases. No fungicides were applied to trees. Fabraea leaf spot is prevalent most years at the site and plant response ranged from highly susceptible to resistant. Rust and powdery mildew occurred in some years when environmental conditions were suitable. Fire blight infections were not common and strikes were removed when observed. Many quince clones exhibited resistance to individual fungal pathogens. Several selections including `Limon' from Turkey, TE-2-73 and 'Rannyaya Tange' from Turkmenistan, and 'Kuganskaya' from Ukraine exhibited resistance to all three fungal diseases. The NPGS quince collection, with diverse representation that includes much of Cydonia's natural wild and cultivated distribution, is an important source of genes for adaptation to the diseases that attack this crop. C1 ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Postman, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Joseph.Postman@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900026 ER PT S AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Ballington, JR AF Ehlenfeldt, M. K. Ballington, J. R. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Vaccinium Species of Section Hemimyrtillus - Their Value to Cultivated Blueberry and Approaches to Utilization SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Vaccinium padifolium; V. cylindraceum; V. arctostaphylos; V. smallii; V. yakushimense; V. hirtum AB Blueberries in commercial production represent several diverse Vaccinium species. Moreover, significant use has been made of the secondary gene pool of Vaccinium, especially in the development of southern highbush cultivars. Section Hemimyrtillus represents species that are part of the tertiary gene pool of Vaccinium. Two species of Section Hemimyrtillus, native to the Portuguese islands of Madeira (V. padifolium Smith), and the Azores (V. cylindraceum Smith) have features of notable value to conventional blueberry development, among these: upright structure, strong growth, abundant flowering and fruiting, good self-fertility, acceptable fruit quality, inflorescence structure suited to mechanical harvesting, and repeat flowering. Among these two species, one is deciduous and one evergreen. Vaccinium arctostaphylos L., a native of the Caucasus region, is closely allied to V. padifolium, hybridizes freely with it, and has many similar characters, and has greater cold hardiness. Initial progress has been made at incorporating these species into forms compatible with V. corymbosum-based blueberry cultivars, and further evaluations are being made of both parental material and the derived hybrids. C1 [Ehlenfeldt, M. K.] ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Ballington, J. R.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM mark.ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 243 EP 252 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900028 ER PT S AU Greene, SL AF Greene, S. L. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Fruit and Nut Crop Wild Relatives in the United States: a Surprisingly Rich Resource SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE germplasm; genetic resources; native species; naturalized; horticultural crops; North America; conservation ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; IMPROVEMENT; HYBRIDS AB When early settlers arrived in the United States they were struck by the many fruits and nuts they recognized, including grapes (Vitis), plums and cherries (Prunus), strawberries (Fragaria), currents (Ribes), blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium), wild chestnuts (Castanea), filberts (Corylus), and walnuts (Juglans). Native fruit and nut crop wild relatives were an important genetic resource in establishing early commercial production. Today we tend to forget the many native and naturalized plants in the United States that are important crop wild relatives (CWR). Developing a national strategy would be prudent with a national inventory being a logical starting point. We discuss the development of a U. S. CWR inventory that covered crops used for food, fiber, forage, medicine, esthetics, restoration and timber. The preliminary inventory contained over 2600 entries. A total of 364 CWR taxa were useful for breeding 65 different crops. Fifty five percent of these CWR taxa were potential resources for fruit and nut improvement. Many of these fruit and nut CWR have been used extensively by breeders and have contributed important traits such as disease and insect resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Native species of Vitis, Juglans, and Prunus are important rootstocks. Although germplasm collections exist, we need to revisit our efforts to conserve the native and naturalized germplasm in our own back yard. A comprehensive national CWR inventory will help us focus on setting priorities and developing a national strategy to conserve these important genetic resources to ensure their use in the future. C1 ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Greene, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM stephanie.greene@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900030 ER PT S AU Wiersema, JH Leon, B Garvey, EJ AF Wiersema, J. H. Leon, B. Garvey, E. J. BE Aradhya, MK Kluepfel, DA TI Identifying Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops SO I INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WILD RELATIVES OF SUBTROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FRUIT AND NUT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Wild Relatives of Subtropical and Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Davis, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE GRIN; NPGS; taxonomy; hybridization; genetic-relative; gene-pool; taxon-group ID DNA-SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; NUCLEAR; CUCURBITACEAE; PHYLOGENETICS; CUCUMIS AB In 2008 the Plant Exchange Office (PEO) of the Agricultural Research Service began a concentrated effort to identify, classify, and provide a full treatment in the taxonomy area of the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) for all primary, secondary, and tertiary genetic wild relatives (CWR) of the major and minor crops represented in the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). This ongoing project aims to provide an information tool useful to PEO and others in NPGS to assist in evaluating germplasm needs and assessing acquisition opportunities. With an initial focus on major agronomic and vegetable crops in the U. S. A., some 50 of which have been completed to date, we have recently turned our attention to fruit and nut crops. This created the need to identify graft-stock relatives as well. A discussion of the assumptions underlying this classification and our methodology for identifying and documenting CWR of various crops is provided. Online access to our data will soon be available to allow GRIN Taxonomy users to review our results. A web form currently provides the capability for NPGS workers to query crop relatives by crop name, taxonomy, genetic relative status, geographical distribution, and NPGS germplasm site. C1 [Wiersema, J. H.; Leon, B.; Garvey, E. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiersema, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jwiersema@ars-grin.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-56-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 948 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG59 UT WOS:000313126900033 ER PT J AU Wolski, A Henry, TJ AF Wolski, Andrzej Henry, Thomas J. TI Revision of the New World Species of Peritropis Uhler (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; new species; taxonomy; revision; Nearctic; Neotropics; keys ID HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA; REGION HEMIPTERA; ANNOTATED LIST; PLANT BUGS; RECORDS; GENUS AB The New World species of the genus Peritropis are revised, and 17 new species are described: P. amazonica, P. amphicyrta, P. carpinteroi, P. carvalhoi, P. conspersa, P. cornata, P. gorczycai, P. guarani, P. izyai, P. marmorea, P. nicaraguensis. P. plaumanni, P. schaffneri, P. scutellata, P. stobieckii, P. turrialba and P. venezuelaensis. All previously known species from the New World (P. husseyi Knight, P saldaeformis Uhler, and P. tuberculata McAtee and Malloch) are redescribed, except P. unicolor Carvalho and Rosas for which an English translation of the original description is provided. Illustrations of the male genitalia, a color photograph of the adult of each species, scanning electron micrographs of selected structures of Peritropis husseyi, P. saldaeformis and P. turrialba, and a key to species are provided. C1 [Wolski, Andrzej] Opole Univ, Dept Biosystemat, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Wolski, A (reprint author), Opole Univ, Dept Biosystemat, Oleska 22, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. EM andrzej.wolski@uni.opole.pl NR 58 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1399-560X EI 1876-312X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 270 DI 10.1163/1876312X-04303002 PG 58 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 059ZZ UT WOS:000312745700002 ER PT J AU Ustin, SL Riano, D Hunt, ER AF Ustin, Susan L. Riano, David Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. TI Estimating canopy water content from spectroscopy SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE water absorption features; spectral features; imaging spectroscopy; spectral indexes; radiative transfer models ID FUEL MOISTURE-CONTENT; PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; LIGHT INTERACTION-MODEL; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; FOREST-FIRE DANGER; DRY-MATTER CONTENT; LANDSAT TM DATA; VEGETATION WATER; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Canopy water content is a dynamic quantity that depends on the balance between water losses from transpiration and water uptake from the soil. Absorption of short-wave radiation by water is determined by various frequencies that match overtones of fundamental bending and stretching molecular transitions. Leaf water potential and relative water content are important variables for determining water deficit and drought effects; however, these variables may only be indirectly estimated from leaf and canopy spectral reflectance. We review the state of understanding in remote sensing measurements of leaf equivalent water thickness and canopy water content. Indexes using different combinations of spectral bands estimate leaf and canopy water contents, albeit sometimes with large errors caused by differences in canopy structure and soil surface reflectance. Inversion of leaf and canopy radiative transfer models, such as PROSPECT and SAIL, or learning algorithms, like artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms trained on radiative transfer models, are promising methods for creating global datasets of canopy water content. C1 [Ustin, Susan L.; Riano, David] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riano, David] CSIC, Ctr Ciencias Humanas & Sociales, Madrid 28037, Spain. [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ustin, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM slustin@ucdavis.edu RI Riano, David/C-9663-2013 OI Riano, David/0000-0002-0198-1424 NR 129 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 50 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISR J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 23 DI 10.1560/IJPS.60.1-2.9 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 060JO UT WOS:000312773500002 ER PT S AU Barth, MM Zhuang, H Li, J Song, W Zhao, J Zhang, L Lu, W AF Barth, M. M. Zhuang, H. Li, J. Song, W. Zhao, J. Zhang, L. Lu, W. BE Toivonen, PMA Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR TI Postharvest Color and Texture Retention in Organic Chinese Red Raspberry and Sea-Buckthorn Fruit during Modified Atmosphere Storage SO IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE POSTHARVEST UNLIMITED 2011 SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Postharvest Unlimited CY MAY 22-26, 2011 CL Leavenworth, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE organic; small fruit; raspberry; sea-buckthorn; modified atmosphere packaging; quality AB Color and texture are among the key quality attributes for small fruit. Approaches such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) along with cold chain management have been shown to support retention of fruit quality during handling and distribution. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various modified environments on retention of quality attributes of Chinese organic red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit from northeast China. Fruit were harvested, cooled and sorted for quality prior to being weighed into vented clamshell containers and placed into three experimental groups using bags of varying oxygen transmission rates (OTR): 160 OTR bags, 525 OTR bags, or air control and stored over 10 days (10 degrees C). Atmospheric composition was confirmed by headspace analysis, and retention of fruit quality attributes was measured by color (L*, a*, b* values), texture (cohesiveness, springiness), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, and moisture content at regular intervals. O-2 content was similar to 2% at steady state conditions inside the 160 OTR trays for both raspberry and sea-buckthorn fruit. However, the O-2 levels inside the 525 OTR trays were 12% for raspberry and higher for sea-buckthorn (16%). CO2 levels were similar inside the 160 OTR trays for both fruit (18-20%), however slightly lower in the 525 OTR sea-buckthorn trays (4 vs. 5%). Improved color retention was shown in MAP-stored raspberry fruit. Better retention of cohesiveness and springiness were observed in MAP-treated raspberry fruit with slightly better results noted in lower OTR. No differences noted for sea-buckthorn fruit texture. MAP resulted in improved moisture retention and lower TSS vs. control in both fruit. Overall MAP improved quality retention of Chinese, organic raspberry and sea-buckthorn fruit. C1 [Barth, M. M.] Responsible Source Ltd, FSHN, UIUC, Lake Forest, IL USA. [Zhuang, H.] USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Li, J.; Song, W.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, L.; Lu, W.] Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. RP Barth, MM (reprint author), Responsible Source Ltd, FSHN, UIUC, Lake Forest, IL USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66051-60-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 945 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG56 UT WOS:000313124900004 ER PT S AU Whitaker, BD AF Whitaker, B. D. BE Toivonen, PMA Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR TI Membrane Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Involved in Postharvest Ripening, Senescence, and Storage Disorders of Fruits SO IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE POSTHARVEST UNLIMITED 2011 SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Postharvest Unlimited CY MAY 22-26, 2011 CL Leavenworth, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE alpha-farnesene; apple; ethylene; lipoxygenase; melon; pear; phospholipase D; phospholipid catabolism; phytosterol conjugation; superficial scald; tomato ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD DEVELOPMENT; PHOSPHOLIPASE D-ALPHA; GRANNY-SMITH APPLES; BELL PEPPER FRUIT; TOMATO FRUIT; PHOSPHATIDIC-ACID; MUSKMELON FRUIT; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; STORED APPLES; LIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY AB Loss of membrane function resulting from lipid catabolism and peroxidation has long been associated with natural and stress-induced senescence of plant organs. Phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) are two key enzymes in the proposed senescence cascade of phospholipid catabolism, the former initiating the process and the latter generating hydroperoxides from free di- and tri-enoic fatty acids. Aside from their deleterious effects on membrane structure, both PLD and LOX are now known to constitute large gene families that play an integral role in responses to biotic and abiotic stress via generation of lipid messengers and defense compounds. Another, less studied change in membrane structure associated with stress responses in plants is a redistribution of phytosterols among free and conjugated pools. Steryl glucosides (SG) and acylated steryl glucosides (ASG), in addition to free sterols (FS), are ubiquitous in plant tissues. Often a marked shift in the relative abundance of FS, SG, and ASG in cell membranes occurs in response to various types of stress, presumably altering physical properties and function. Undoubtedly the most important process contributing to membrane dysfunction and stress disorder development in stored produce is peroxidation of structural lipids by oxyradicals. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inherent part of aerobic respiration and metabolism, and also plays a critical role in cell signaling cascades. Plant cells possess an array of antioxidant metabolites and antioxidative enzymes to keep ROS in check. However, under prolonged or severe oxidative stress these defenses are overwhelmed, allowing runaway free radical reactions and consequent degradation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Superficial scald of apple and pear fruits is a good example of a postharvest physiological disorder involving oxidative stress induced by long-term cold storage. The roles of PLD and LOX, sterol conjugation, and oxidative stress in the postharvest life of several fruits are discussed. C1 ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 102 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66051-60-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 945 BP 269 EP 282 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG56 UT WOS:000313124900036 ER PT S AU Smilanick, JL Gabler, FM Margosan, DA AF Smilanick, J. L. Gabler, F. Mlikota Margosan, D. A. BE Toivonen, PMA Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR TI Evaluation under Commercial Conditions of the Application of Continuous, Low Concentrations of Ozone during the Cold Storage of Table Grapes SO IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE POSTHARVEST UNLIMITED 2011 SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Postharvest Unlimited CY MAY 22-26, 2011 CL Leavenworth, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Vitis vinifera; gray mold; Botrytis cinerea; produce packaging ID DECAY AB Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold, a postharvest disease of table grapes. The ability of ozone (O-3) in air to inhibit gray mold in stored grapes was reported in chamber studies, but O-3 needed evaluation under commercial conditions. O-3 merits attention because it is pesticide-residue free and allowed as "organic" by the USDA National Organic Program. Tests were conducted at three commercial facilities using pallets of 'Flame Seedless', 'Thompson Seedless', and 'Princess Seedless' grapes in uncoated, corrugated fiberboard boxes containing grapes in ventilated cluster bags or hard plastic clamshell containers. Grape berries inoculated with B. cinerea were placed within grape clusters at the beginning of storage. After cold storage, the spread of infection, natural incidence of decay, and cluster appearance were evaluated. After initial pre-cooling in air, grapes were stored at -0.5 to 3 degrees C with a day/night cycle of 100 ppb O-3 (day) and 300 ppb O-3 (night) for 5 to 8 weeks. At each exam, six 9-kg boxes with 9 cluster bags or 4 clamshell containers were examined. The mean number for all tested cultivars of berries adjacent to inoculated berries that became infected by the end of storage was 0.8 in the O-3 atmosphere compared to 3.1 among those in air. The mean percentage for all tested cultivars of naturally decayed berries at this time in O-3 was 2.4% compared to 5.8% among those in air. Cluster appearance was not harmed and storage life was extended by 2 to 3 weeks by O-3. The uncoated, paper fiber corrugated boxes used in these tests reduced O-3 diffusion into them more than coated corrugated fiberboard, expanded polystyrene, or corrugated plastic boxes. Selection of packaging that maximizes O-3 concentrations within packages should improve control of gray mold. C1 [Smilanick, J. L.; Gabler, F. Mlikota; Margosan, D. A.] ARS, San Joaquin Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), ARS, San Joaquin Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66051-60-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 945 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG56 UT WOS:000313124900048 ER PT S AU Obenland, D Arpaia, ML AF Obenland, D. Arpaia, M. L. BE Toivonen, PMA Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR TI Variability in Waxing-Induced Ethanol and Aroma Volatile Production among Mandarin Genotypes SO IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE POSTHARVEST UNLIMITED 2011 SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Postharvest Unlimited CY MAY 22-26, 2011 CL Leavenworth, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE ester; aldehyde; citrus; coating; anaerobic; headspace ID OFF-FLAVOR VOLATILES; SENSORY QUALITY; MOR MANDARINS; STORAGE; COATINGS; GRAPEFRUIT; METABOLISM; EMISSION; HYBRIDS; TASTE AB Mandarins often develop off-flavors during storage that impact consumer acceptance and it would be useful to develop mandarin cultivars that are less susceptible to postharvest flavor loss. Ethanol has long been identified as being a compound identified with flavor loss in citrus. A range of diverse mandarin genotypes were screened for their ability to produce ethanol in response to both waxing and storage or a 2-h exposure to nitrogen gas and were found to differ greatly in ethanol content both at harvest and after treatment. Headspace measurements of intact fruit were not predictive of internal juice ethanol concentrations and exposure to nitrogen did not accurately mimic the effect of waxing and storage on ethanol accumulation. High ethanol production was associated with enhanced accumulation of other alcohols and esters that likely influence flavor. Screening for ethanol production could potentially identify mandarin genotypes that differ in the propensity to produce off-flavor volatiles and aid in better understanding the relationship between ethanol production and aroma volatile accumulation. C1 [Obenland, D.] USDA, San Joaquin Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Arpaia, M. L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), USDA, San Joaquin Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66051-60-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 945 BP 405 EP 411 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG56 UT WOS:000313124900055 ER PT S AU Zhu, YM Curry, E Mattheis, JP Varanasi, V Zheng, P AF Zhu, Yanmin Curry, E. Mattheis, J. P. Varanasi, V. Zheng, Ping BE Toivonen, PMA Mattheis, JP Rudell, DR TI Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Potentially Associated with Apple (Malus xdomestica) Superficial Scald Development SO IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE POSTHARVEST UNLIMITED 2011 SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Postharvest Unlimited CY MAY 22-26, 2011 CL Leavenworth, WA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE physiological disorders; postharvest quality; oxidative metabolism; suppressive subtraction hybridization; gene expression ID ALPHA-FARNESENE; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; CORTLAND APPLES; FRUIT; DIPHENYLAMINE; OXIDATION; RESPONSES; MATURITY; ETHYLENE AB Apple superficial scald is a recurring postharvest physiological disorder with significant economic impact. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of apple scald development is essential for prediction and prevention. In this study, differentially expressed genes were identified using suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) for two types of apple peel samples, i.e., between healthy tissues and tissues with initial scald symptoms. The most apparent up-regulated genes in tissue showing initial scald symptoms were those encoding proteins functioning in oxidative metabolism, including lipoxygenase, oxidoreductase, and polyphenol oxidase. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that development of apple scald is associated with an imbalance in oxidative metabolism. Several pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins encoding genes were also up-regulated, including apple allergens mal d 1/PR protein 10, apple allergens mal d 3/PR protein 14, PR protein 5 and PR-protein 8 in the tissues with initial scald symptoms. Other up-regulated genes included those encoding transporter proteins such as acyl carrier protein, peptide transporter and putative ABC transporter. Also induced were several proteins related to stress responses including heat shock protein, osmotin-like protein and early-response to dehydration protein. Up to 30% of the identified genes were annotated as "unknown function" and or "hypothetical proteins". C1 [Zhu, Yanmin; Curry, E.; Mattheis, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Varanasi, V.; Zheng, Ping] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66051-60-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 945 BP 441 EP 449 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDG56 UT WOS:000313124900060 ER PT J AU Rachal, DM Monger, HC Okin, GS Peters, DC AF Rachal, David M. Monger, H. Curtis Okin, G. S. Peters, Debra C. TI Landform influences on the resistance of grasslands to shrub encroachment, Northern Chihuahuan Desert, USA SO JOURNAL OF MAPS LA English DT Article DE arid geomorphology; shrub encroachment; grassland resistance; desertification; Chihuahuan Desert ID NEW-MEXICO; OVERLAND-FLOW; VEGETATION; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE; DESERTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS AB In arid and semiarid regions, vegetative boundaries are often strikingly similar to landform boundaries. However, it is not well documented whether landforms exert an influence on the resistance of desert grassland to shrub encroachment. Dominant grassland communities have been displaced by woody shrubs over the last 150 years in the Jornada Basin, southern New Mexico. Digital vegetation maps from 1858, 1915-1916, 1928-1929, 1938, and 1998, in conjunction with a detailed landform map, were analyzed in a Geographical Information System. The generated time series maps and spatial data compiled from these datasets were used to quantify the extent and rate that grasslands were replaced by shrubs on eight contiguous landforms. From this assessment, we generated a resistance index that revealed desert grasslands were least resistant (most susceptible) to shrub expansion on sandy landforms and bajadas and most resistant to shrub invasion on ephemerally flooded playas. This study demonstrates that landforms both provide the broad-scale background for detailed mechanistic studies and affect the sensitivity of grasslands to shrub encroachment. C1 [Rachal, David M.; Monger, H. Curtis] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Okin, G. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Peters, Debra C.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Rachal, DM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM D.Rachal@gmail.com FU Jornada Basin LTER program (National Science Foundation) [DEB-0080412]; New Mexico State University-Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Peg Gronenymer, and Barbara Nolen for their assistance in data retrieval, and comments on map design and layout. We also appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript and the map. Funding for this study was provided by the Jornada Basin LTER program (National Science Foundation DEB-0080412) and the New Mexico State University-Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-5647 J9 J MAPS JI J. Maps PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1080/17445647.2012.727593 PG 7 WC Geography; Geography, Physical SC Geography; Physical Geography GA 064KQ UT WOS:000313074200026 ER PT J AU Duke, SH Vinje, MA Henson, CA AF Duke, Stanley H. Vinje, Marcus A. Henson, Cynthia A. TI Comparisons of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities and beta-Amylases with Differing Bmy1 Intron III Alleles to Sugar Production During Congress Mashing With North American Barley Cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE alpha-Amylase; beta-Amylase; Bmy1 Intron III alleles; Limit dextrinase; Mashing; Wort sugars ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; PISUM-SATIVUM-L; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MALT QUALITY MEASUREMENTS; DIASTATIC POWER ENZYMES; ALPHA-AMYLASE; LIMIT DEXTRINASE; OSMOLYTE CONCENTRATION; STARCH DEGRADATION; GERMINATED BARLEY AB This study was conducted to determine the relationships between patterns of activity of malt amylolytic enzymes (alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, and limit dextrinase) and sugar production in two- and six-row North American cultivars over the course of Congress mashing and to test two hypotheses: 1) that maximal activity of and rates of increase in beta-amylase activity during the initial phases of mashing would correlate better than the other amylolytic enzymes with sugar production and 2) that beta-amylase intron III allelic variation would have little to no association with sugar production during mashing. Malts of twelve barley cultivars were mashed in a micro-masher and assayed for amylolytic enzyme activities and sugar levels at 6 time points during the 115 min mashing regime. Peak activities of beta-amylase were positively and significantly correlated with wort total sugars (r = 0.704, P = 0.011), glucose (r = 0.654, P = 0.021), and maltose (r = 0.780, P = 0.003) and negatively and significantly correlated with maltotetraose (r = -0.830, P = 0.001) and maltopentaose (r = -0.767, P = 0.004). In contrast, with the same comparisons, there were no significant correlations with wort total sugars for a-amylase and limit dextrinase and only a-amylase significantly correlated with some individual sugars (glucose, r = 0.611, P = 0.035; maltotriose, r = 0.594, P = 0.042; maltotetraose, r = -0.772, P = 0.003; maltopentaose, r = -0.728, P = 0.007). Correlations of rates of change in beta-amylase activity from five min to the time of maximal activity versus rates of change in total sugars and individual sugars revealed positive and significant correlations with wort total sugars (r = 0.794, P = 0.002), maltose (r = 0.851, P = 0.0004), and maltotriose (r = 0.605, P = 0.038) and significantly negatively correlated with maltotetraose (r = 0.663, P = 0.019) and maltopentaose (r = -0.677, P = 0.016). In contrast, with the same comparisons, there were no significant correlations with wort total sugars or individual sugars versus a-amylase or limit dextrinase. Least significant difference (LSD) analysis revealed that there was no consistent pattern in total wort sugars and the most and least abundant wort sugars and maltodextrins produced during mashing amongst cultivars with Bmy1.a or Bmy1.b intron III alleles. There were no significant differences in cultivars with Bmy1.a or Bmy1.b intron III alleles producing the highest levels of total wort sugars early in mashing, when the bulk of total sugars are produced, (1st 30 min: Bmy1.a [Legacy, Tradition]; Bmy1.b [Harrington]) and at the end of mashing (Bmy1.a [Legacy, Pinnacle, Tradition]; Bmy1.b [Harrington, Merit]). This study supports both of the proposed hypotheses. C1 [Duke, Stanley H.; Henson, Cynthia A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vinje, Marcus A.; Henson, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Duke, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shduke@wisc.edu FU American Malting Barley Association, Inc.; USDA-ARS, USDA-CREES US Barley Genome Project Special Grant FX Financial support was provided by the American Malting Barley Association, Inc. and the USDA-ARS, USDA-CREES US Barley Genome Project Special Grant. We thank Charles B. Karpelenia and Joseph T. Dietrich for their expert technical assistance, Allen D. Budde for provision of malt used in this study, and Michael J. Edney for providing information on the history of Canadian malt quality measurements by the Canadian Grain Commission. NR 107 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PY 2012 VL 70 IS 4 BP 230 EP 248 DI 10.1094/ASBCJ-2012-0906-01 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 058IZ UT WOS:000312628600002 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. BE Bhutta, ZA Hurrell, RF Rosenberg, IH TI Discussion on Folate and Vitamin B-12 Importance in Cognitive Development SO MEETING MICRONUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT SE Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 70th Nestle-Nutrition-Institute Workshop CY MAR 27-30, 2011 CL Cebu, PHILIPPINES SP Nestle Nutr Inst C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-2147 BN 978-3-318-02111-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 2012 VL 70 BP 172 EP 174 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BDF63 UT WOS:000313025200022 PM 25825306 ER PT S AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. BE Bhutta, ZA Hurrell, RF Rosenberg, IH TI Pros and Cons of Increasing Folic Acid and Vitamin B-12 Intake by Fortification SO MEETING MICRONUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT SE Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 70th Nestle-Nutrition-Institute Workshop CY MAR 27-30, 2011 CL Cebu, PHILIPPINES SP Nestle Nutr Inst ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; GRAIN PRODUCTS; SERUM FOLATE; BLOOD FOLATE; PREVALENCE; PLASMA AB There is no doubt that folic acid fortification can be effective for reducing the incidence of neural tube defects. The degree of efficacy depends on both the level of folate depletion and other, yet to be fully characterized, genetic and/or environmental factors. This article summarizes briefly data on neural tube defect reduction and other benefits of folic acid fortification as these have been reviewed in more detail elsewhere. More attention is drawn to questions that have been raised about the possible adverse effects of folic acid fortification including the incidence of colorectal cancer and immune function. The main question addressed here is whether folic acid fortification can exacerbate the adverse effects of vitamin B12 deficiency. Most analyses of this question have been conducted in wealthier countries based on data from elderly populations - which have the highest prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. However, of potentially greater concern is the increasingly common practice of folic acid fortification in developing countries, where folate status is probably often adequate even prior to fortification, and vitamin B12 depletion or deficiency is common. To add to this information, data from a group of Chilean elderly with a range of vitamin B12 status and exposed to high levels of folic acid fortification will be presented. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhallen@ucdavis.edu NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-2147 BN 978-3-318-02111-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 2012 VL 70 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BDF63 UT WOS:000313025200023 PM 25825307 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. BE Bhutta, ZA Hurrell, RF Rosenberg, IH TI Discussion on Vitamin B-12 and Folic Acid Fortification SO MEETING MICRONUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT SE Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 70th Nestle-Nutrition-Institute Workshop CY MAR 27-30, 2011 CL Cebu, PHILIPPINES SP Nestle Nutr Inst C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-2147 BN 978-3-318-02111-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 2012 VL 70 BP 184 EP 186 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BDF63 UT WOS:000313025200024 PM 25825308 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. BE Bhutta, ZA Hurrell, RF Rosenberg, IH TI Summary on Iodine Folate and Vitamin B-12 SO MEETING MICRONUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT SE Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 70th Nestle-Nutrition-Institute Workshop CY MAR 27-30, 2011 CL Cebu, PHILIPPINES SP Nestle Nutr Inst C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-2147 BN 978-3-318-02111-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 2012 VL 70 BP 187 EP 189 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BDF63 UT WOS:000313025200025 PM 25825309 ER PT J AU Jalali, GA Akbarian, H Rhoades, C Yousefzadeh, H AF Jalali, Gholam Ali Akbarian, Hossein Rhoades, Charles Yousefzadeh, Hamed TI THE EFFECT OF THE HALOPHYTIC SHRUB LYCIUM RUTHENICUM (MUTT) ON SELECTED SOIL PROPERTIES OF A DESERT ECOSYSTEM IN CENTRAL IRAN SO POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salinity; soil chemistry; arid land rehabilitation; soil stabilization; desertification ID SEMI-ARID SAVANNA; NUTRIENTS; NITROGEN; PLANTS; TREES AB We compared soil properties beneath naturally-occurring patches of Lycium ruthenicum Murray (fam. Solanaceae) to evaluate the shrub's potential to improve the fertility of saline soils. Soil pH, total nitrogen and carbon and extractable potassium, magnesium and phosphorus were respectively significantly higher in the A and B horizons of Lycium shrub patches compared to adjacent unvegetated soils. The influence of Lycium on these soil properties increased with shrub density. Total soil N and extractable Mg and K concentrations were 1.8, 2.6- and 6.6-fold higher under dense Lycium shrub patches compared to unvegetated, bare areas and soil pH was 0.5 units higher. In contrast, the presence of shrubs and shrub density had no clear affect on the EC, Na or CEC of the A horizon soils. The shrub effect extended to the gypsum-rich By horizon (20-50 cm depth) and underlying B horizon (30-80 cm depth) for several soil properties. Total soil C and N were 1.8- and 1.6-fold higher beneath dense Lycium patches than bare soil areas. Soil pH remained 0.4 units higher under dense Lycium than bare soil patches. In the B horizon total soil C was twice as high beneath dense Lycium patches compared to the other patch types. Lycium ruthenicum not only tolerates the saline and drought conditions, it also produces sufficient biomass to increase the nutrient and organic matter content of surface mineral soils in this arid ecosystem and may have potential to improve soil conditions, facilitate ecosystem development and slow desertification. C1 [Jalali, Gholam Ali; Akbarian, Hossein; Yousefzadeh, Hamed] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Forestry, Fac Nat Resources & Marine Sci, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran. [Rhoades, Charles] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Yousefzadeh, H (reprint author), Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Forestry, Fac Nat Resources & Marine Sci, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran. EM hamed_seraj20@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST ECOLOGY PI LOMIANKI PA DZIEKANOW LESNY NEAR WARSAW, 05-092 LOMIANKI, POLAND SN 1505-2249 J9 POL J ECOL JI Pol. J. Ecol. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 845 EP 850 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056VK UT WOS:000312519300017 ER PT J AU Brock, F Ostapkowicz, J Ramsey, CB Wiedenhoeft, A Cartwright, C AF Brock, Fiona Ostapkowicz, Joanna Ramsey, Christopher Bronk Wiedenhoeft, Alex Cartwright, Caroline TI PAIRED DATING OF PITH AND OUTER EDGE (TERMINUS) SAMPLES FROM PRE-HISPANIC CARIBBEAN WOODEN SCULPTURES SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON-DATES; TREE GROWTH; AGE AB Radiocarbon dating of historical and archaeological wood can be complicated, sometimes involving issues of "inbuilt" age in slow-growing woods, and/or the possibility of reuse or long delays between felling and use of the wood. Terminus dates can be provided by dating the sapwood, or the outermost edge of heartwood, while a date from the pith can give an indication of the first years of growth. A sequence of samples from specific points within the bole can be used to determine the growth rate of the tree. Such a combined dating strategy is particularly useful in cross-referencing dates from a single piece, better placing it in its chronological context. This paper reports paired or multiple dates from 11 wooden sculptures dated as part of the Pre-Hispanic Caribbean Sculptural Arts in Wood project, which studied 66 wooden artifacts attributed to the pre-colonial Taino, the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean's Greater Antilles. The calibrated ages of the pieces published here range from similar to AD 700-1500, indicating that the Taino were producing elaborate sculptures much earlier than previously thought. The paired or multiple dates from these carvings confirmed the accuracy of the results, and were also used to construct a growth rate model of what was expected to be a slow-growing species (Guaiacum sp.). This model demonstrates that the boles used to create the sculptures grew on average 1 cm every 6-13 yr. C1 [Brock, Fiona; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk] Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Ostapkowicz, Joanna] World Museum Liverpool, Liverpool L3 8EN, Merseyside, England. [Wiedenhoeft, Alex] US Forest Serv, Ctr Wood Anat Res, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Cartwright, Caroline] British Museum, Sci Res Lab, London WC1B 3DG, England. RP Brock, F (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Dyson Perrins Bldg,S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. EM Fiona.brock@rlaha.ox.ac.uk RI Bronk Ramsey, Christopher/A-3277-2012; Brock, Fiona/I-4970-2016 OI Brock, Fiona/0000-0003-0728-6091 FU British Academy; Getty Foundation FX This work was part of the Pre-Hispanic Caribbean Sculptural Arts in Wood project funded by the British Academy and the Getty Foundation. The authors wish to thank the following museums for permissions to sample: American Museum of Natural History and The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA); The National Museum of the American Indian (Washington, DC, USA); The Peabody Museum of Natural History (New Haven, USA); Bryn Mawr College (Bryn Mawr, USA); The National Gallery (Kingston, Jamaica); The British Museum (London, UK); and Musee Barrois (Bar-le-Duc, France). All photographs were taken by J Ostapkowicz, unless otherwise stated. B Lorentzen and S Manning are thanked for helpful discussions about dendrochronology of tropical woods. S Harris, T Higham, and R Schulting are also thanked for their contributions. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2012 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 677 EP 688 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 051VR UT WOS:000312156500030 ER PT J AU Kovach, DA Widrlechner, MP Brenner, DM AF Kovach, D. A. Widrlechner, M. P. Brenner, D. M. TI Variation in seed dormancy in Echinochloa and the development of a standard protocol for germination testing. II: Breaking dormancy in seeds unresponsive to light or dark conditions alone by using heat and ethanol pretreatment SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY DORMANCY; CUCUMBER AB A recently established method for the germination of Echinochloa seeds recognised and accounted for variation in responses to light and darkness. This method used parallel light and dark tests and was successful in promoting germination in most seed lots. However, some samples exhibited deeper dormancy and were not fully responsive to either test. In the present study, we employed warm pretreatments where seeds were exposed to dilute aqueous ethanol solutions to attempt to break their dormancy. Based on tests of five Echinochloa accessions, we propose a new, follow-up protocol that can be used on samples unresponsive to the established method. The additional step involves a 3-day dark pretreatment at 35-37 degrees C, imbibing the seeds in similar to 0.25M ethanol (aq). After this pretreatment, the seeds should be germinated for 14 days at 20/30 degrees C (16 hours/ 8 hours) with half held in darkness and the other half exposed to an 8-hour light cycle. C1 [Widrlechner, M. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kovach, D. A.; Widrlechner, M. P.] USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Brenner, D. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, M. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM isumw@iastate.edu FU Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa [1018]; state of Iowa FX Journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, was supported by Hatch Act and the state of Iowa. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. We would like to thank David Ellis, Candice A. Gardner and Miller B. McDonald for their useful critiques of our manuscript. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 3 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 058BU UT WOS:000312609900002 ER PT S AU Roelvink, J Trabelsi, S AF Roelvink, Jochem Trabelsi, Samir GP IEEE TI Measuring the Complex Permittivity of Thin Grain Samples by the Free-Space Transmission Technique SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 13-16, 2012 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Austria Sect, TU Graz, Virtual Vehicle Competence Ctr, Obuda Univ, European Acad Sci & Arts, Austrian Acad Sci, Int Soc Petr Engineers, Drilling Syst Automat Tech Sect, Arbeitskreis Hochschullehrer Messtechnik e.V. (AHMT), Joanneum Res, Austrian Ctr Competence Mechatron (ACCM), Platform Artemis Austria DE Dielectric properties; permittivity measurements; microwave sensing; transmission measurements; phase-shift ambiguity ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE; MOISTURE AB In this paper, a numerical method for solving a higher-order model that relates the measured transmission coefficient to the permittivity of a material is used to determine the permittivity of thin grain samples. A method for resolving the phase ambiguity of the transmission coefficient is presented. Results calculated by using the higher-order model for the permittivity of grain over a range of moisture contents and frequencies are presented and compared to those calculated by using an approximate model. The advantage of using relatively thin grain samples is that a wider range of grain moisture contents can be reliably measured for a fixed sample thickness. C1 [Roelvink, Jochem; Trabelsi, Samir] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Roelvink, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Jochem.Roelvink@ars.usda.gov; Samir.Trabelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4577-1771-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2012 BP 310 EP 313 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCA46 UT WOS:000309449100061 ER PT S AU Trabelsi, S AF Trabelsi, Samir GP IEEE TI Frequency and Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Chicken Meat SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 13-16, 2012 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Austria Sect, TU Graz, Virtual Vehicle Competence Ctr, Obuda Univ, European Acad Sci & Arts, Austrian Acad Sci, Int Soc Petr Engineers, Drilling Syst Automat Tech Sect, Arbeitskreis Hochschullehrer Messtechnik e.V. (AHMT), Joanneum Res, Austrian Ctr Competence Mechatron (ACCM), Platform Artemis Austria DE dielectric properties; chicken meat; frequency dependence; temperature dependence; Cole-Cole plot ID WATER AB Dielectric properties of chicken breast meat were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line probe between 200 MHz and 20 GHz at temperatures ranging from -20 degrees C to +25 degrees C. At a given temperature, the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant reveals two relaxations while those of the dielectric loss factor are dominated by ionic conduction in the lower range and a broad dipolar relaxation at higher frequencies. At a given frequency, the temperature dependence reveals a sharp increase of dielectric properties at about 0 degrees C which is typical of materials with high water content and indicates the transition from ice-like behavior to liquid. Both frequency and temperature behavior will be used in investigating correlations of dielectric properties with quality attributes of chicken meat. C1 ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. EM samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4577-1771-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2012 BP 1515 EP 1518 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCA46 UT WOS:000309449100284 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Riga, E Pinkerton, JN Wilson, JH Schreiner, RP AF Zasada, Inga A. Riga, Ekaterina Pinkerton, John N. Wilson, John H. Schreiner, R. Paul TI Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Grapevines, Vitis vinifera, in Washington and Idaho SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Vitis; Meloidogyne; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; semiarid; Xiphinema ID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL TYPE; MICHIGAN; OREGON; PATHOGENICITY; VINEYARDS; VIRUS; CROPS AB Surveys were conducted in eastern Washington and Idaho to determine the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with winegrape (Vitis vinifera) vineyards. The most commonly encountered plant-parasitic nematodes in eastern Washington and Idaho winegrape vineyards were Meloidogyne hapla, Paratylenchus spp., and Xiphinema spp. (detected in >50% of sampled vineyards) with Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. also commonly detected in Idaho. The frequency of occurrence of these plant-parasitic nematodes was consistently greater in Idaho compared to eastern Washington, except for M. hapla, which had a similar frequency of occurrence in both states. The types of groundcover or irrigation method used in vineyards and estimates of previous crop yields did not influence nematodes present in soil, but differences in plant-parasitic nematode communities were found among geographical areas (American Viticultural Areas, AVAs). Xiphinema spp. was more commonly associated with vineyards in the Horse Heaven Hills and Snake River Valley AVAs than in the Yakima Valley and Columbia Valley AVAs. Twenty-seven juice grape (Vitis labruscana) vineyards were sampled to enable a comparison of plant-parasitic nematode communities among red and white winegrapes (V vinifera) and juice grape varieties. Meloidogyne hapla and Xiphinema spp. were more commonly found in red and white winegrape vineyards than in juice grape vineyards, while Mesocriconema xenoplax and Paratylenchus spp. were more commonly associated with white wine and juice grape vineyards than with red winegrape vineyards. While plant-parasitic nematodes were commonly found in eastern Washington and Idaho vineyards, the impact of these plant-parasitic nematodes on winegrape productivity in this region remains to be determined. C1 [Zasada, Inga A.; Pinkerton, John N.; Schreiner, R. Paul] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Riga, Ekaterina; Wilson, John H.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Riga, Ekaterina] NW Agri Prod, Nematol, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM paul.schreiner@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 4 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.5344/ajev.2012.12062 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 055PO UT WOS:000312429100008 ER PT J AU Castellano, MA Beever, RE Trappe, JM AF Castellano, Michael A. Beever, Ross E. Trappe, James M. TI Sequestrate fungi of New Zealand: Elaphomyces (Ascomycota, Eurotiales, Elaphomycetaceae) SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; systematics; Eurotiales; Elaphomycetaceae; Elaphomyces bollardii; Elaphomyces luteicrustus; Elaphomyces putridus; New Zealand AB Four species of the sequestrate fungal genus Elaphomyces are reported from New Zealand: Elaphomyces bollardii sp. nov. associated with Leptospermum spp. and Kunzea ericoides, E. luteicrustus sp. nov. associated with Nothofagus menziesii, E. putridus sp. nov. associated with Nothofagus spp., and an unnamed species associated with Nothofagus spp. C1 [Castellano, Michael A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Beever, Ross E.] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Auckland, New Zealand. [Trappe, James M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Castellano, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. EM mcastellano@fs.fed.us FU Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [CO9309]; Lottery Science; New Zealand-United States Co-operative Science Programme; National Science Foundation [BSR 9201421] FX Unfortunately Dr Ross Beever died while still in the process of preparing this manuscript. RE Beever acknowledges support from Foundation for Research, Science and Technology contract CO9309, Lottery Science, and the New Zealand-United States Co-operative Science Programme. JM Trappe and MA Castellano received support from National Science Foundation Grant BSR 9201421. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-825X J9 NEW ZEAL J BOT JI N. Z. J. Bot. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.1080/0028825X.2012.725057 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 057QT UT WOS:000312578900007 ER PT J AU Nene, V Svitek, N Toye, P Golde, WT Barlow, J Harndahl, M Buus, S Nielsen, M AF Nene, Vishvanath Svitek, Nicholas Toye, Philip Golde, William T. Barlow, John Harndahl, Mikkel Buus, Soren Nielsen, Morten TI Designing bovine T cell vaccines via reverse immunology SO TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2011 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN DE Theileria parva; Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; Epitope prediction; Peptide-MHC tetramers; Vaccine development ID MHC CLASS-I; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; PARASITE STRAIN SPECIFICITY; THEILERIA-PARVA; PEPTIDE-BINDING; CATTLE; PREDICTION; MOLECULES; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS AB T cell responses contribute to immunity against many intracellular infections. There is, for example, strong evidence that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class l-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an essential role in mediating immunity to East Coast fever (ECF), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and caused by Theileria parva. To complement the more traditional approaches to CTL antigen identification and vaccine development that we have previously undertaken we propose a use of immunoinformatics to predict CTL peptide epitopes followed by experimental verification of T cell specificity to candidate epitopes using peptide-MHC (pMHC) tetramers. This system, adapted from human and rodent studies, is in the process of being developed for cattle. Briefly, we have used an artificial neural network called NetMHCpan, which has been trained mainly on existing human, mouse, and non-human primate MHC-peptide binding data in an attempt to predict the peptide-binding specificity of bovine MHC class I molecules. Our data indicate that this algorithm needs to be further optimized by incorporation of bovine MHC-peptide binding data. When retrained, NetMHCpan may be used to predict parasite peptide epitopes by scanning the predicted T. parva proteome and known parasite CTL antigens. A range of pMHC tetramers, made "on-demand", will then be used to assay cattle that are immune to ECF or in vaccine trials to determine if CTLs of the predicted epitope specificity are present or not. Thus, pMHC tetramers can be used in one step to identify candidate CTL antigens and to map CTL epitopes. Our current research focuses on 9 different BoLA class I molecules. By expanding this repertoire to include the most common bovine MHCs, these methods could be used as generic assays to predict and measure bovine T cell immune responses to any pathogen. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Nene, Vishvanath; Svitek, Nicholas; Toye, Philip] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Golde, William T.] ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Barlow, John] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Harndahl, Mikkel; Buus, Soren] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Expt Immunol Lab, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. [Nielsen, Morten] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Nene, V (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, Old Naivasha Rd,POB 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. EM v.nene@cgiar.org RI Nielsen, Morten/E-7754-2011; Barlow, John/C-4876-2013; OI Nielsen, Morten/0000-0001-7885-4311; Barlow, John/0000-0002-7815-9383; Buus, Soren/0000-0001-8363-1999 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1877-959X J9 TICKS TICK-BORNE DIS JI Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 SI SI BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2011.12.001 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Parasitology GA 031PT UT WOS:000310655100010 PM 22621863 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI Revision of the southeast Asian soldier-fly genus Parastratiosphecomyia Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Stratiomyidae, Pachygastrinae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Oriental Region; Pachygastrinae; taxonomy; new species; wasp mimicry AB The genus Parastratiosphecomyia Brunetti is revised with the description of two new species: P. freidbergi sp. n. from India and P. rozkosnyi sp. n. from Laos and Thailand. All four species in the genus are illustrated and a key to species is provided. Type localities of previously described taxa are briefly discussed. C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,Smithsonian Inst NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,Smithsonian Inst NHB, 168 POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2012 IS 238 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.3897/zookeys.238.3999 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 046IS UT WOS:000311759300001 PM 23226704 ER PT J AU Guo, ZL Zhang, KL Zobeck, TM AF Guo, Zhongling Zhang, Keli Zobeck, T. M. GP IEEE TI Validation the Wind Generator of Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) using measured wind data of China SO 2012 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS (WAC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Automation Congress (WAC) CY JUN 24-28, 2012 CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO SP TSI Enterprises Inc DE RWEQ; wind generator; wind factor ID MODEL AB The Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) is a process-based, field-scale, empirical model with the ability to estimate annual or period wind erosion. A wind generator was used to reproduce wind data based on observed wind records in RWEQ. The need for validating the wind generator using measured wind data of China is growing. In this study, wind factor (Wf) was chosen to investigate the performance of the wind generator. We compared Wf calculated from stochastically generated wind data (Wf(g)) with Wf computed from the measured wind data (Wf(m)) for 36 weather stations in north China to test the wind generator. The wind generator under-estimated the wind factor generally while simple linear regression between Wf(g) and Wf(m) demonstrated significant correlation (R=0.84, P<0.001). The result revealed that the wind generator could not be directly used to evaluate the wind factor for the given weather stations in China. C1 [Guo, Zhongling; Zhang, Keli] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zobeck, T. M.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Guo, ZL (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM gzldhr@gmail.com; ted.zobeck@ars.usda.gov FU Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Foundation of Beijing Normal University; Chinese State Forestry Administration [200804020] FX The research was sponsored by the Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Foundation of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China. Work reported in this paper is also part of Forestry Scientific Research Project (200804020) supported by Chinese State Forestry Administration. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4497-5 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCJ87 UT WOS:000310335802075 ER PT J AU Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Fang, DD Cho, JM Van Deynze, A Ulloa, M Hoffman, SM Pepper, AE Stelly, DM Jenkins, JN Saha, S Kumpatla, SP Shah, MR Hugie, WV Percy, RG AF Yu, John Z. Kohel, Russell J. Fang, David D. Cho, Jaemin Van Deynze, Allen Ulloa, Mauricio Hoffman, Steven M. Pepper, Alan E. Stelly, David M. Jenkins, Johnie N. Saha, Sukumar Kumpatla, Siva P. Shah, Manali R. Hugie, William V. Percy, Richard G. TI A High-Density Simple Sequence Repeat and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genetic Map of the Tetraploid Cotton Genome SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cotton (Gossypium spp.) genomes; genetic linkage map; simple sequence repeat (SSR); single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); recombinant inbred line (RIL) population ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES; FIBER QUALITY TRAITS; UPLAND COTTON; BACKCROSS POPULATION; POLYPLOID FORMATION; LINKAGE GROUPS; PHYSICAL MAP; BARBADENSE; EVOLUTION AB Genetic linkage maps play fundamental roles in understanding genome structure, explaining genome formation events during evolution, and discovering the genetic bases of important traits. A high-density cotton (Gossypium spp.) genetic map was developed using representative sets of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and the first public set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to genotype 186 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an interspecific cross between Gossypium hirsutum L. (TM-1) and G. barbadense L. (3-79). The genetic map comprised 2072 loci (1825 SSRs and 247 SNPs) and covered 3380 centiMorgan (cM) of the cotton genome (AD) with an average marker interval of 1.63 cM. The allotetraploid cotton genome produced equivalent recombination frequencies in its two subgenomes (At and Dt). Of the 2072 loci, 1138 (54.9%) were mapped to 13 At-subgenome chromosomes, covering 1726.8 cM (51.1%), and 934 (45.1%) mapped to 13 Dt-subgenome chromosomes, covering 1653.1 cM (48.9%). The genetically smallest homeologous chromosome pair was Chr. 04 (A04) and 22 (D04), and the largest was Chr. 05 (A05) and 19 (D05). Duplicate loci between and within homeologous chromosomes were identified that facilitate investigations of chromosome translocations. The map augments evidence of reciprocal rearrangement between ancestral forms of Chr. 02 and 03 versus segmental homeologs 14 and 17 as centromeric regions show homeologous between Chr. 02 (A02) and 17 (D02), as well as between Chr. 03 (A03) and 14 (D03). This research represents an important foundation for studies on polyploid cottons, including germplasm characterization, gene discovery, and genome sequence assembly. C1 [Yu, John Z.; Kohel, Russell J.; Cho, Jaemin; Hoffman, Steven M.; Percy, Richard G.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fang, David D.] USDA ARS, Cotton Fiber Biosci Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Van Deynze, Allen] Univ Calif Davis, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ulloa, Mauricio] USDA ARS, WICSRU, Shafter Cotton Res Stn, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Hoffman, Steven M.; Pepper, Alan E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Stelly, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jenkins, Johnie N.; Saha, Sukumar] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kumpatla, Siva P.; Shah, Manali R.] Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Hugie, William V.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Yu, JZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM john.yu@ars.usda.gov OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119; fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 NR 65 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1534/g3.111.001552 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055JB UT WOS:000312410700006 PM 22384381 ER PT J AU Bansal, R Mian, MAR Mittapalli, O Michel, AP AF Bansal, Raman Mian, M. A. Rouf Mittapalli, Omprakash Michel, Andy P. TI Characterization of a Chitin Synthase Encoding Gene and Effect of Diflubenzuron in Soybean Aphid, Aphis Glycines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Chitin synthase; Aphis glycines; Integument; Embryo; Diflubenzuron ID INSECT OSTRINIA-FURNACALIS; RED FLOUR BEETLE; PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; EXPRESSION PATTERN; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MANDUCA-SEXTA AB Chitin synthases are critical enzymes for synthesis of chitin and thus for subsequent growth and development in insects. We identified the cDNA of chitin synthase gene (CHS) in Aphis glycines, the soybean aphid, which is a serious pest of soybean. The full-length cDNA of CHS in A. glycines (AyCHS) was 5802 bp long with an open reading frame of 4704 bp that encoded for a 1567 amino acid residues protein. The predicted AyCHS protein had a molecular mass of 180.05 kDa and its amino acid sequence contained all the signature motifs (EDR, QRRRW and TWGTR) of chitin synthases. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that AyCHS was expressed in all major tissues (gut, fat body and integument); however, it had the highest expression in integument (similar to 3.5 fold compared to gut). Interestingly, the expression of AyCHS in developing embryos was nearly 7 fold higher compared to adult integument, which probably is a reflection of embryonic molts in hemimetabolus insects. Expression analysis in different developmental stages of A. glycines revealed a consistent AyCHS expression in all stages. Further, through leaf dip bioassay, we tested the effect of diflubenzuron (DFB, Dimilin (R)), a chitin-synthesis inhibitor, on A. glycines' survival, fecundity and body weight. When fed with soybean leaves previously dipped in 50 ppm DFB solution, A. glycines nymphs suffered significantly higher mortality compared to control. A. glycines nymphs feeding on diflubenzuron treated leaves showed a slightly enhanced expression (1.67 fold) of AyCHS compared to nymphs on untreated leaves. We discussed the potential applications of the current study to develop novel management strategies using chitin-synthesis inhibitors and using RNAi by knocking down AyCHS expression. C1 [Bansal, Raman; Mittapalli, Omprakash; Michel, Andy P.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Michel, AP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM michel.70@osu.edu FU North-Central Soybean Research Program; Ohio Soybean Council [11-2-36004] FX This research was supported through the North-Central Soybean Research Program and the Ohio Soybean Council (# 11-2-36004). NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1449-2288 J9 INT J BIOL SCI JI Int. J. Biol. Sci. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1323 EP 1334 DI 10.7150/ijbs.4189 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 053RK UT WOS:000312290500003 PM 23139631 ER PT S AU Cao, XM Wang, JL Chen, MS Gao, ZQ AF Cao, Xiao-ming Wang, Juan-le Chen, Mao-si Gao, Zhi-qiang BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI The differences in the transpiration of non-irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron in hinterland of Gurbantunggut desert based on diameter SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE the stem sap flow rate; Haloxylon ammodendron; differences; diameter; transpiration AB The stem sap flow exhibited a bi-peaked or multi-peaked curve, with lower values at night than during the day. The ambiguous noon-depression phenomenon usually occurs during 14:00 similar to 16: 00 from mid-May to the early September. Under the same environmental conditions, the larger the stem diameter, the larger the stem sap flow, and the more obvious the ambiguous noon-depression phenomenon. The daily changes of the sap flow were highest in June and lowest in September. There were differences in the monthly mean value in different plants, which may result from the differences in the crown and the number of assimilation organ. The daily accumulation showed a "S" trend between May and the end of August, and showed a straight line with the same slope in September and October. The larger the stem diameter, the larger the daily water use and the accumulative rate were. The sap flow was influenced by meterological factors, it was positively correlated with solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed, and negatively correlated with the air relative humidity, in which the solar radiation had the greatest impact on the sap flow. Under the same environmental condition, the larger the stem diameter, the better the correlation was. The correlation was the largest water use in July, and least in May and October. The larger the stem diameter, the more the water consumption was. C1 [Cao, Xiao-ming; Wang, Juan-le; Gao, Zhi-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Mao-si; Gao, Zhi-qiang] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gao, Zhi-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai, Peoples R China. RP Wang, JL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wangjl@igsnrr.ac.cn FU Public Welfare Special Program, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China [201109075]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334, 41071278]; USDA NIFA [2010-34263-21075] FX The authors are grateful for the support from Public Welfare Special Program, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China (Grant No. 201109075), Natural Science Foundation of China (41171334,41071278) and USDA NIFA project (2010-34263-21075). The basic work items by the Ministry of Science the norms for the comprehensive scientific investigation of the grid- based resources and environment of the People's Republic of China (Grant No. 2011FY110400). National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171334 and 41071278). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 85130O DI 10.1117/12.928277 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600019 ER PT S AU Cao, XM Wang, JL Gao, ZQ Chen, MS AF Cao, Xiao-ming Wang, Juan-le Gao, Zhi-qiang Chen, Mao-si BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI The transpiration and the spectral response of non-irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron at canopy scale SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE the stem sap flow rate; the canopy scale; Haloxylon ammodendron; the reflectance AB Transpiration, an essential component of surface evapotranspiration, is particularly important in the research of surface evapotranspiration in arid areas. The paper inverted the transpiration of non-irrigated Haloxylon ammodendron and its spectral responses at the canopy scale in the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut desert in Xinjiang, China. The results are as follows:The stem sap flow rate appeared biomadal or multi-peak course and maintained a certain flow in the night. The stem sap flow maintained at 0 similar to 0.1 L/h, with a peak appearing at 12:00 similar to 17:30, 0.316 L/h. "Noon peak" appeared from mid May to early September, at 14:00 similar to 16:00. For monthly changes, the peak value appeared in June, with the value varying (0.32 +/- 0.20) L / h, followed by July (0.30+/-0.16) L/h, then, May and August, the minimum value appeared in September (0.15+/-0.03) L/h. At the canopy scale, the optimal exponential model of the sap flow rate based on the hyperspectrum is y = 0.0015e(3.8922x), R-2 = 0.806. C1 [Cao, Xiao-ming; Wang, Juan-le; Gao, Zhi-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhi-qiang; Chen, Mao-si] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gao, Zhi-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai, Peoples R China. RP Wang, JL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wangjl@igsnrr.ac.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334, 41071278]; USDA NIFA [2010-34263-21075]; Public Welfare Special Program, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China [201109075] FX The authors are grateful for the support from Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41171334,41071278) and USDA NIFA project ( 2010-34263-21075), Public Welfare Special Program, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China ( Grant No. 201109075). The basic work items by the Ministry of Science the norms for the comprehensive scientific investigation of the grid- based resources and environment of the People's Republic of China ( Grant No. 2011FY110400). National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41171334 and 41071278). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 85130M DI 10.1117/12.928275 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600018 ER PT S AU Chen, MS Davis, J Tang, HZ Gao, ZQ Gao, W AF Chen, Maosi Davis, John Tang, Hongzhao Gao, Zhiqiang Gao, Wei BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI A Multi-Channel Calibration Method for Multi-Filter Rotating Shadow-band Radiometer SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MFRSR; Angstrom Law; Langley Analysis; Multi-Channel Calibration; CONDOR; Non-Linear Optimization ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; OPTICAL DEPTH; URBAN AB In order to improve the accuracy of solar radiation related parameters' for crop modeling, a new calibration method (Multi-Channel Calibration) for Multi-Filter Rotating Shadow-band Radiometer (MFRSR) is proposed. It uses the Angstrom Law that links aerosol optical depth (AOD) at multiple wavelengths as the primary constraint. It also uses the bi-channel Langley Regression to provide an additional constraint. Starting with any initial guess of calibration coefficient (V-0) at 870 nm, two consecutive steps, both involves calling trust region based non-linear optimization module (CONDOR), are implemented to solve (1) the intermediate parameter Angstrom coefficient and the set of biased V-0s at other channels corresponding to the initial one at 870 nm channel; and (2) the final V-0s of all permissible channels. The result shows that Unlike Langley method, the Multi-Channel Calibration method return V-0 at all permissible channels. Besides, the new method can converge to the same (less than 0.5%) final V-0s with the starting guess in a wide range. Most important, the comparison between AODs derived from those final V-0s and those of AERONET sunphotometers suggests the upper limit of the error of those final V-0s is less than 1.03%, which is a great improvement over the Langley V-0s (7.45%). C1 [Chen, Maosi; Davis, John; Tang, Hongzhao; Gao, Zhiqiang; Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM chenms@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; Chen, Maosi/E-8230-2016 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 851305 DI 10.1117/12.929454 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600003 ER PT S AU Gao, ZQ Gao, W Cao, XM Chen, MS AF Gao, Zhiqiang Gao, Wei Cao Xiaoming Chen, Maosi BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI The analysis of net primary productivity in China based on GEOLUE model SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE China; model of Light Use Efficiency; Net Primary Product (NPP); Simulation ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; SATELLITE; RESPONSES AB GEOLUE model was designed with Light Use Efficiency (LUE) mechanism and was validated with observed data and models comparison (GLOPEM, CASA, and CEVSA). We found that: GEOLUE model correctly simulates monthly, quarterly and annual variation of Net Primary Product (NPP) in different vegetation communities under monsoon climate. The spatial distribution of NPP simulated by GEOLUE matched up to 96.67% with that of forest and shrub land. The GEOLUE model perfectly simulated the seasonal characteristics and spatial pattern of biomass in different types of vegetation. The total amount NPP of China simulated by GEOLUE is 0.667GtC in spring, 1.365GtC in summer, 0.587GtC in autumn and 0.221GtC in winter. The average total NPP of China for 5 years is 2.84GtC / year. C1 [Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai 264003, Peoples R China. [Gao, Wei; Chen, Maosi] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Cao Xiaoming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai 264003, Peoples R China. EM gaoland@gmail.com RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; Chen, Maosi/E-8230-2016 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334, 41071278]; USDA NIFA [2010-34263-21075] FX The author are grateful for the support from Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41171334, 41071278) and USDA NIFA project ( 2010-34263-21075). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 85130R DI 10.1117/12.928296 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600021 ER PT S AU Gao, ZQ Gao, W Cao, XM Chen, MS AF Gao, Zhiqiang Gao, Wei Cao Xiaoming Chen, Maosi BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI The simulation of land surface process with MODIS data in Haihe basin, China SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Simulation; MODIS; Haihe Basin; China ID ENERGY BALANCE ALGORITHM; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; 2-SOURCE MODEL; VEGETATION; TEMPERATURES; VALIDATION; LANDSCAPE; SATELLITE; COVER AB By using MODIS data products, combined with DEM data, land use data, meteorological data, employed SEBAL model, light use efficiency model, PAR model and the algorithm of vegetation index, the parameters of ET(Evapotranspiration), NPP(Net Primary Product), PAR (Photosynthetic Active Radiation), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and EVI (Enhance Vegetation Index) in Haihe River Basin were estimated. The impacts of elevation and land cover change on ET, NPP, PAR, NDVI and EVI are analyzed. We found that the impacts of elevation and land cover change on parameters are significant. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The ET in areas below 500m is the biggest, the ET in areas above 1500m is bigger and the ET in areas between 500-1500 is the smallest. 2) The impacts of location and elevation on PAR are significant, the PAR in areas with lower elevation is smaller; with the rising of elevation, the PAR has a increasing trend. The difference of PAR in different land cover is caused with location and elevation. 3) The NPP, NDVI and EVI in areas between 20-800m are bigger, and the values of these parameters in others areas is smaller. 4) The NDVI, EVI and NPP in areas covered with farmland, grassland and forest are bigger, and the values of these parameters in areas covered with unused land, water body and built-up land are smaller. C1 [Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai 264003, Peoples R China. [Gao, Wei; Chen, Maosi] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Cao Xiaoming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai 264003, Peoples R China. EM gaoland@gmail.com RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; Chen, Maosi/E-8230-2016 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334, 41071278]; USDA NIFA [2010-34263-21075] FX The author are grateful for the support from Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41171334, 41071278) and USDA NIFA project ( 2010-34263-21075) NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR UNSP 85130Q DI 10.1117/12.928295 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600020 ER PT S AU Hunt, ER Wang, LL Qu, JJ Hao, XJ AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Wang, Lingli Qu, John J. Hao, Xianjun BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI Remote sensing of fuel moisture content from the ratios of canopy water indices with a foliar dry matter index SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Normalized dry matter content; NDMI; PROSPECT; SAIL; Normalized difference infrared index; NDII; Normalized difference water index; NDWI ID MODEL INVERSION; VEGETATION; LEAF; REFLECTANCE; THICKNESS; IMAGERY; LEAVES; RISK AB Fuel moisture content (FMC) is an important variable for predicting the occurrence and spread of wildfire. Foliar FMC was calculated as the ratio of leaf foliar water content (C-w) and dry matter content (C-m). Recently, the normalized dry matter index (NDMI) was developed for the remote sensing of Cm using high-spectral resolution data. This study explored the potential for remote sensing of FMC using the ratio of various vegetation water indices with NDMI. For leaf-scale simulations, all index ratios were significantly related to FMC. For canopy-scale simulations, ratio indices of the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) with NDMI predicted FMC with R-2 values of 0.900 and 0.864, respectively. NDII/NDMI determined from leaf reflectance data had the highest correlation with FMC. Further investigation needs to be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach at canopy scales with airborne remote sensing data. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Bldg 007,Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Lingli; Qu, John J.; Hao, Xianjun] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Bldg 007,Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 851302 DI 10.1117/12.930077 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600001 ER PT S AU Yi, W Gao, ZQ Li, ZH Chen, MS AF Yi, Wei Gao, Zhiqiang Li, Zhihua Chen, Maosi BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI Land-use and land-cover sceneries in China: an application of Dinamica EGO model SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Dinamica EGO; China; Remote sensing; Simulation ID AMAZONIAN COLONIZATION FRONTIER; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Land is an indispensable natural resource for human, without which we cannot survive and develop. Land-use change, influenced by both natural environment and human activity, has a close relationship with food security, resource utilization, biodiversity and climate change. In order to understand the process and driving mechanism of land-use change, dynamic models were developed in these years, among which Dinamica EGO is a practical one and has been widely used in the world. In this paper, we aim to use Dinamica EGO to simulate the land-use of China in 2005 with data extracted from SPOT VGT NDVI. The real land-use map was compared with the simulation result so as to verify the feasibility of Dinamica EGO. Then we supposed three sceneries under which we could analyze the land-use change of China in 2020. Results indicated that: on the basis of no extreme natural disasters or exceptional policy fluctuation, the grassland area would reduce by 22.21 million hectares averagely. However forest would increase by 19.81 billion hectares on average. Water and unused land would probably remain stable as there was little change in three sceneries. Farmland areas showed a good agreement under these sceneries whereas the greatest difference in land-use area estimations lies in built-up with an uncertainty accounting for 1.67%. C1 [Yi, Wei; Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yi, Wei] Grad Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Chen, Maosi] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Li, Zhihua] East China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM gaoland@gmail.com RI Chen, Maosi/E-8230-2016 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334, 41071278]; USDA NIFA [2010-34263-21075] FX The author are grateful for the support from Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41171334,41071278) and USDA NIFA project ( 2010-34263-21075) NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 85130I DI 10.1117/12.927782 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600014 ER PT S AU Yi, W Gao, ZQ Chen, MS AF Yi, Wei Gao, Zhiqiang Chen, Maosi BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI Dynamic modelling of future land-use change: a comparison between CLUE-S and Dinamica EGO models SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Dinamica EGO; CLUE-S; Dynamic modelling; land-use change ID CLIMATE AB Land-use and land-cover change has been a research focus in global environmental change. Recent research found that land-use change could influence the structure of biogeochemical spheres as well as material and energy recycle directly or indirectly. Land-use dynamic models are considered as an effective technique to study the processes of land-use modification. The objective of this paper is to compare two widely use land-use dynamic models, CLUE-S and Dinamica EGO, from the perspective of land-use change amount, spatial characteristics, and their utility. A case study was conducted to examine the ascendants of each model and Kappa coefficient was used to compare the simulation accuracy. The modelling experiments reflected that the predictions of land-use change based on CLUE-S and Dinamica EGO matched broadly with actual situation. CLUE-S was better in overall accuracy whereas the Markov process in Dinamica EGO could precisely predict the amount of land-use change. Moreover, the spatial pattern of simulation map based on Dinamica EGO was more consistent with empirical result. Both results indicate their possible further applicability for forecasting future land-use change and corresponding studies. C1 [Yi, Wei; Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yi, Wei] Grad Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Chen, Maosi] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM gaoland@gmail.com RI Chen, Maosi/E-8230-2016 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334, 41071278]; USDA NIFA project [2010-34263-21075] FX The author are grateful for the support from Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41171334,41071278) and USDA NIFA project ( 2010-34263-21075) NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 85130H DI 10.1117/12.927781 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600013 ER PT S AU Hoberg, EP Galbreath, KE Cook, JA Kutz, SJ Pottey, L AF Hoberg, Eric P. Galbreath, Kurt E. Cook, Joseph A. Kutz, Susan J. Pottey, Lydden BE Rollinson, D Hay, SI TI Northern Host-Parasite Assemblages: History and Biogeography on the Borderlands of Episodic Climate and Environmental Transition SO ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY, VOL 79 SE Advances in Parasitology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID N. SP CESTODA; COLLARED LEMMINGS DICROSTONYX; PARANOPLOCEPHALA SPP. CESTODA; PALEARCTIC MICROTINE RODENTS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; CARIBOU RANGIFER-TARANDUS; CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; CRYPTIC GLACIAL REFUGIA; OX OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; BEARS URSUS-ARCTOS AB Diversity among assemblages of mammalian hosts and parasites in northern terrestrial ecosystems was structured by a deep history of biotic and abiotic change that overlies a complex geographic arena. Since the Pliocene, Holarctic ecosystems assembled in response to shifting climates (glacial and interglacial stages). Cycles of episodic dispersal/isolation and diversification defined northern diversity on landscape to regional scales. Episodes of geographic expansion and colonisation linked Eurasia and North America across Beringia and drove macroevolutionary structure of host and parasite associations. Asynchronous dispersal from centres of origin in Eurasia into the Nearctic resulted in gradients in parasite diversity in the carnivoran, lagomorph, rodent and artiodactyl assemblages we reviewed. Recurrent faunal interchange and isolation in conjunction with episodes of host colonisation have produced a mosaic structure for parasite faunas and considerable cryptic diversity among nematodes and cestodes. Mechanisms of invasion and geographic colonisation leading to the establishment of complex faunal assemblages are equivalent in evolutionary and ecological time, as demonstrated by various explorations of diversity in these high-latitude systems. Our ability to determine historical responses to episodic shifts in global climate may provide a framework for predicting the cascading effects of contemporary environmental change. C1 [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Galbreath, Kurt E.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Pottey, Lydden] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670 NR 336 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-308X BN 978-0-12-398457-9 J9 ADV PARASIT JI Adv.Parasitol. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 1 EP 97 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398457-9.00001-9 PG 97 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BBU22 UT WOS:000308187500001 PM 22726642 ER PT S AU Kutz, SJ Ducrocq, J Verocai, GG Hoar, BM Colwell, DD Beckmen, KB Polley, L Elkin, BT Hoberg, EP AF Kutz, Susan J. Ducrocq, Julie Verocai, Guilherme G. Hoar, Bryanne M. Colwell, Doug D. Beckmen, Kimberlee B. Polley, Lydden Elkin, Brett T. Hoberg, Eric P. BE Rollinson, D Hay, SI TI Parasites in Ungulates of Arctic North America and Greenland: A View of Contemporary Diversity, Ecology, and Impact in a World Under Change SO ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY, VOL 79 SE Advances in Parasitology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID REINDEER RANGIFER-TARANDUS; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-ODOCOILEI NEMATODA; SHEEP OVIS-DALLI; MUSKOXEN OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; BARREN-GROUND CARIBOU; CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP; UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS NEMATODA AB Parasites play an important role in the structure and function of arctic ecosystems, systems that are currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of change due to various anthropogenic perturbations, including climate change. Ungulates such as muskoxen, caribou, moose and Dall's sheep are also important components of northern ecosystems and are a source of food and income, as well as a focus for maintenance of cultural traditions, for northerners. Parasites of ungulates can influence host health, population dynamics and the quality, quantity and safety of meat and other products of animal origin consumed by people. In this article, we provide a contemporary view of the diversity of nematode, cestode, trematode, protozoan and arthropod parasites of ungulates in arctic and subarctic North America and Greenland. We explore the intricate associations among host and parasite assemblages and identify key issues and gaps in knowledge that emerge in a regime of accelerating environmental transition. C1 [Kutz, Susan J.; Ducrocq, Julie; Verocai, Guilherme G.; Hoar, Bryanne M.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Colwell, Doug D.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Polley, Lydden] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Elkin, Brett T.] Govt NW Terr, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. NR 587 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-308X BN 978-0-12-398457-9 J9 ADV PARASIT JI Adv.Parasitol. PY 2012 VL 79 BP 99 EP 252 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398457-9.00002-0 PG 154 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BBU22 UT WOS:000308187500002 PM 22726643 ER PT S AU Nelson, DC Schmelcher, M Rodriguez-Rubio, L Klumpp, J Pritchard, DG Dong, SL Donovan, DM AF Nelson, Daniel C. Schmelcher, Mathias Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena Klumpp, Jochen Pritchard, David G. Dong, Shengli Donovan, David M. BE Lobocka, M Szybalski, WT TI Endolysins as Antimicrobials SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 83: BACTERIOPHAGES, PT B SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PNEUMOCOCCAL CELL-WALL; BACILLUS-AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS PHAGE; PEPTIDOGLYCAN CROSS-BRIDGES; BACTERIOPHAGE LYTIC ENZYME; OUTER-MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; AORTIC-VALVE ENDOCARDITIS; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN AB Peptidoglycan (PG) is the major structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Bacteria have autolytic PG hydrolases that allow the cell to grow and divide. A well-studied group of PG hydrolase enzymes are the bacteriophage endolysins. Endolysins are PG-degrading proteins that allow the phage to escape from the bacterial cell during the phage lytic cycle. The endolysins, when purified and exposed to PG externally, can cause "lysis from without." Numerous publications have described how this phenomenon can be used therapeutically as an effective antimicrobial against certain pathogens. Endolysins have a characteristic modular structure, often with multiple lytic and/or cell wall-binding domains (CBDs). They degrade the PG with glycosidase, amidase, endopeptidase, or lytic transglycosylase activities and have been shown to be synergistic with fellow PG hydrolases or a range of other antimicrobials. Due to the coevolution of phage and host, it is thought they are much less likely to invoke resistance. Endolysin engineering has opened a range of new applications for these proteins from food safety to environmental decontamination to more effective antimicrobials that are believed refractory to resistance development. To put phage endolysin work in a broader context, this chapter includes relevant studies of other well-characterized PG hydrolase antimicrobials. C1 [Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena] Inst Prod Lacteos Asturias IPLA CSIC, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain. [Klumpp, Jochen] ETH, Inst Food Nutr & Hlth, Zurich, Switzerland. [Pritchard, David G.; Dong, Shengli] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM nelsond@umd.edu; mathias.schmelcher@hest.ethz.ch; lorenarguez@ipla.csic.es; jochen.klurnpp@hest.ethz.ch; pritchard_d@bellsouth.net; sdong@lsuhsc.edu; david.donovan@ars.usda.gov RI Klumpp, Jochen/D-1127-2010; Nelson, Daniel/I-2198-2012; Klumpp, Jochen/A-5415-2011; Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena/D-2888-2017 OI Klumpp, Jochen/0000-0003-3410-2702; Klumpp, Jochen/0000-0003-3410-2702; Rodriguez-Rubio, Lorena/0000-0002-7846-4791 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01AI075077-01A1] NR 211 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 978-0-12-394438-2 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2012 VL 83 BP 299 EP 365 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-394438-2.00007-4 PG 67 WC Virology SC Virology GA BBG97 UT WOS:000306815600007 PM 22748813 ER PT J AU Cisneros, R Schweizer, D Zhong, SR Hammond, K Perez, MA Guo, QH Traina, S Bytnerowicz, A Bennett, DH AF Cisneros, Ricardo Schweizer, Donald Zhong, Sharon Hammond, Katharine Perez, Miguel A. Guo, Qinghua Traina, Samuel Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Bennett, Deborah H. TI Analysing the effects of the 2002 McNally fire on air quality in the San Joaquin Valley and southern Sierra Nevada, California SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE ozone; particulate matter; smoke ID CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION; OZONE; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; SMOKE AB Smoke from wildfires can expose individuals and populations to elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O-3). Between 21 July and 26 August 2002, the McNally Fire burned over 150 000 acres (61 000 ha). The fire occurred in the Sequoia National Forest, in the southern Sierra Nevada of California. This study evaluated the effects of the McNally Fire on air quality, specifically particles, 10 m mu in diameter (PM10) and O-3. Downwind of the fire on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada, 24-h concentrations of PM10 more than doubled. The PM10 federal standard was exceeded four times during the fire. Violations of the California PM10 standard increased drastically during the fire. The California PM10 standard was violated six times before the fire and 164 times during the fire. Most of the PM10 exceedances occurred at the Kernville Work Center and sites east of the fire. Compared with the other sites, the highest 2-week average O-3 concentrations occurred in the eastern part of the Sierra Nevada and north of the fire, where O-3 increased by a factor of two at two locations. C1 [Cisneros, Ricardo; Schweizer, Donald] USDA Forest Serv, Air Program, Clovis, CA 93257 USA. [Zhong, Sharon] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hammond, Katharine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. [Perez, Miguel A.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Publ Hlth, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Guo, Qinghua; Traina, Samuel] Univ Calif Merced, Environm Syst Grad Grp, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Bennett, Deborah H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cisneros, R (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Air Program, Reg 5,1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93257 USA. EM rcisneros@ucmerced.edu; dschweizer@fs.fed.us; zhongs@msu.edu; hammondk@berkeley.edu; mperez@csufresno.edu; qguo@ucmerced.edu; straina@ucmerced.edu; abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; dbennett@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1075 DI 10.1071/WF11025 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 043PV UT WOS:000311557400014 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI A History of the Isolation and Identification of Folic Acid (Folate) SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Anemia; Diet; Folate; Folic acid; Isolation; Pteroylglutamic acid ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; NUTRITIONAL CYTOPENIA; MACROCYTIC ANEMIAS; GROWTH-FACTOR; POLYGLUTAMATES; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; CHICKS; MONKEY AB In the 1930s, Lucy Wills identified a 'new hemopoietic factor' in yeast and liver which cured tropical macrocytic anemia in humans and experimental anemia in monkeys. Janet Watson and William B. Castle named the unknown substance, which would ultimately become a form of folate, 'Wills' factor'. Further studies with this unknown substance showed that it was active against nutritional pancytopenia in monkeys and experimental anemia in chicks, leading to various designations such as vitamin M (monkey) and vitamin Bc (chick). Other factors with growth-promoting activity for microorganisms such as Lactobacillus casei were given the interim names including folic acid in recognition of extracts from leafy greens. Competing pharmaceutical research groups headed by Robert Stokstad at Lederle Laboratories and Joseph John Pfiffner at Parke-Davis Research Laboratory independently isolated factors bearing the biological properties of Wills' factor and other unknown related factors including folic acid, Lederle Laboratories from a bacterial culture and Parke-Davis Laboratory from yeast and liver as a conjugate of folate. The new vitamin then was crystallized, chemically identified, and synthesized as pteroylglutamic acid and named folic acid between 1943 and 1945. Further studies of the monoglutamic folic acid and the yeast isolate polyglutamyl folate followed through the 1950s and to the present. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 23 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 3 SI SI BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1159/000343112 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 045QK UT WOS:000311711700008 PM 23183294 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI A History of the Isolation and Identification of Vitamin B-6 SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Discovery; Isolation; Pyridoxal; Pyridoxamine; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B-6 ID PYRIDOXINE; RATS; DERMATITIS; B-4 AB In the 1930s, Rudolf Peters showed that young rats kept on a semi-synthetic diet with added thiamin and riboflavin but no other supplement developed 'rat acrodynia', a condition characterized by severe cutaneous lesions. In 1934, Paul Gyorgy showed that the factor which cured 'rat acrodynia' was vitamin B-6. Other studies soon showed that vitamin B6 deficiency produced convulsions in rats, pigs, and dogs, and a microcytic anemia in certain animals. Samuel Lepkovsky isolated and crystallized vitamin B-6 in 1938. The following year, Leslie Harris and Karl Folkers, and Richard Kuhn and his associates independently showed that vitamin B6 was a pyridine derivative, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxy-methy1-2-methyl-pyridine. Gyorgy proposed the term pyridoxine for this derivative. Esmond Snell developed a microbiological growth assay in 1942 that led to the characterization of pyridoxamine, the animated product of pyridoxine, and pyridoxal, the formyl derivative of pyridoxine. Further studies showed that pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine have largely equal activity in animals and owe their vitamin activity to the ability of the organism to convert them into the enzymatically active form pyridoxal-5-phosphate. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plays a role in a wide variety of enzyme systems, especially in the metabolic utilization and transformation of amino acids. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 3 SI SI BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1159/000343113 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 045QK UT WOS:000311711700009 PM 23183295 ER PT J AU Segerholm, BK Ibach, RE Westin, M AF Segerholm, B. Kristoffer Ibach, Rebecca E. Westin, Mats TI MOISTURE SORPTION, BIOLOGICAL DURABILITY, AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF WPC CONTAINING MODIFIED WOOD AND POLYLACTATES SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Acetylation; Thermal modification; Polylactate; Moisture; Biological durability; Wood plastic composite ID ACETYLATION; COMPOSITES AB Biological durability is an important feature for wood-plastic composites (WPC) intended for outdoor applications. One route to achieving WPC products with increased biological durability is to use wood preservative agents in the formulation of the WPC. Another option could be to use a chemically modified wood component that already exhibits increased resistance to biological degradation. There is also a need to use biobased thermoplastics made from renewable resources, which would decrease the dependency on petrochemically-produced thermoplastics in the future. The objective of this study was to examine moisture sorption properties, biological durability, and mechanical performance of injection-molded WPC samples based on acetylated or thermally modified wood components and a polylactate matrix. The biological durability was evaluated in a terrestrial microcosm (TMC) test according to ENV 807, followed by mechanical evaluation in a center point bending test. The moisture sorption properties were investigated via both water soaking and exposure in a high-humidity climate. Low or negligible mass losses were observed in the TMC test for all WPC samples. However, the mechanical evaluation after exposure in the TMC test showed 35-40% losses in both strength and stiffness for the WPC containing an unmodified wood component. C1 [Segerholm, B. Kristoffer] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Div Bldg Mat, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Segerholm, B. Kristoffer] SP Tech Res Inst Sweden, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ibach, Rebecca E.] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Westin, Mats] SP Tech Res Inst Sweden, SE-50115 Boras, Sweden. RP Segerholm, BK (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Div Bldg Mat, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM kristoffer.segerholm@byv.kth.se OI Segerholm, Kristoffer/0000-0001-7014-6230 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 BP 4575 EP 4585 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 040QD UT WOS:000311336800010 ER PT J AU Chen, W Marchant, MA Muhammad, A AF Chen, Wei Marchant, Mary A. Muhammad, Andrew TI China's soybean product imports: an analysis of price effects using a production system approach SO CHINA AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE China; Soybean imports; Differential production approach; Conditional elasticities; Unconditional elasticities; Imports; Exports ID DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; EU DEMAND; IMPACT; EXPORTS; MARKET AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to estimate China's demand for imported soybeans and soybean oil from both country-of-origin and product form perspectives. Design/methodology/approach - A differential production approach is used to estimate China's demand for imported soybeans and soybean oil. The empirical demand estimates are then used to derive conditional and unconditional elasticities of demand for each exporting country with respect to changes in domestic and import prices, and the price of resources used in soybean meal and oil production. Findings - Results indicate that both country-of-origin and product form competition exist in the Chinese market. Estimation results indicate that China's soybean meal prices significantly impacted its soybean and soybean oil imports. Seasonality is detected in China's soybean imports, but not in soybean oil imports. Practical implications - The findings suggest that, in addition to country-of-origin competition, product form competition should be considered when analyzing China's soybean demand. Originality/value - This paper contributes to a better understanding of China's soybean import market by integrating both country-of-origin competition and product form competition into a single demand framework. C1 [Chen, Wei] Shanghai Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Publ Econ & Adm, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Marchant, Mary A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Food & Agr Educ Informat Syst, Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Muhammad, Andrew] Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Shanghai Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Publ Econ & Adm, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM chen.wei@mail.shufe.edu.cn FU USDA National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program [2005-35400-15413]; Leading Academic Discipline Program; 211 Project for Shanghai University of Finance and Economics [2009330194] FX This research is funded by the USDA National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program as grant #2005-35400-15413. The authors are grateful to Drs Francis Tuan, James Hansen, Bill Lin, Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes and Agapi Somwaru for their valuable insights on the research. Wei Chen appreciates Leading Academic Discipline Program, 211 Project for Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (Project Number 2009330194) for providing support for this research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and may not be attributed to the Economic Research Service or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1756-137X J9 CHINA AGR ECON REV JI China Agric. Econ. Rev. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 4 BP 499 EP 513 DI 10.1108/17561371211284849 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 044YC UT WOS:000311660100008 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Rammer, DR AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Rammer, Douglas R. TI Modeling the Effect of Nail Corrosion on the Lateral Strength of Joints SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREATED WOOD; FASTENERS; ENVIRONMENTS; RESISTANCE; MOISTURE; RATES AB This article describes a theoretical method of linking fastener corrosion in wood connections to potential reduction in lateral shear strength. It builds upon published quantitative data of corrosion rates of metals in contact with treated wood for several different wood preservatives. These corrosion rates are then combined with yield theory equations to calculate a loss in lateral capacity as a function of time. The calculations are straightforward and can be performed in a spreadsheet or simple computer program. They can accommodate time-dependent and moisture-dependent corrosion rates. The latter of these capabilities can easily be recognized as important, inasmuch as corrosion rates of fasteners are recognized as being dependent on moisture content of the wood in which they are embedded. The calculation method is dependent on corrosion rate, and the method is therefore limited by the lack of agreement in corrosion rates presented in the literature. Within these limitations, the article examines how different corrosion rates and changes in corrosion rates affect the mechanical properties and service life of nailed wood joints. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us; drammer@fs.fed.us FU Federal Highway Administration Covered Bridge Research Program FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Federal Highway Administration Covered Bridge Research Program. The authors thank Charles Carll and William J. Feist for constructive feedback. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 3 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 035GE UT WOS:000310930600001 ER PT J AU Lu, JX Jiang, JL Wu, YQ Li, XJ Cai, ZY AF Lu, Jianxiong Jiang, Jiali Wu, Yiqiang Li, Xianjun Cai, Zhiyong TI Effect of Moisture Sorption State on Vibrational Properties of Wood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUGAR MAPLE WOOD; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CREEP BEHAVIORS; HARDWOODS AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the vibrational properties and corresponding anisotropicity in wood during different states of moisture sorption. Samples of maple (Acer spp.) and red oak (Quercus rubra Michx.f.) were moisture conditioned by the adsorption process from an ovendried state and by the desorption process from a water-saturated state. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) and logarithmic decrement (delta) were examined as a function of grain orientation during moisture change processes and under constant moisture contents (MC). It was observed that regardless of species and grain direction, the DMOE and delta were lower and higher, respectively, during the moisture change process compared with those measured without a change in MC. The increase in delta value during adsorption was greater than that during desorption. These results suggest that wood in an unstable state shows lower elasticity and strength and higher damping properties than wood in an equilibrium state. Furthermore, results of this study demonstrate that a greater adsorption rate leads to greater destabilization during an adsorption process. The anisotropy in vibrational properties was found to vary between two species. C1 [Lu, Jianxiong; Wu, Yiqiang; Li, Xianjun] Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol China, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China. [Lu, Jianxiong; Jiang, Jiali] Chinese Acad Forestry, Key Lab Wood Sci & Technol State Forestry Admin, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lu, JX (reprint author), Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol China, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China. EM jianxiong@caf.ac.cn; jialiwood@caf.ac.cn; wuyq0506@126.com; lxjmu@163.com; zcai@fs.fed.us FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30825034] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30825034). NR 18 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 3 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 035GE UT WOS:000310930600003 ER PT J AU Anderson, N Chung, W Loeffler, D Jones, JG AF Anderson, Nathaniel Chung, Woodam Loeffler, Dan Jones, John Greg TI A Productivity and Cost Comparison of Two Systems for Producing Biomass Fuel from Roadside Forest Treatment Residues SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOGGING RESIDUES; REDUCTION; TREES AB Forest operations generate large quantities of forest biomass residues that can be used for production of bioenergy and bioproducts. However, a significant portion of recoverable residues are inaccessible to large chip vans, making use financially infeasible. New production systems must be developed to increase productivity and reduce costs to facilitate use of these materials. We present a comparison of two alternative systems to produce biomass fuel (i.e., "hog fuel") from forest residues that are inaccessible to chip vans: (1) forwarding residues in fifth-wheel end-dump trailers to a concentration yard, where they can be stored and then ground directly into chip vans, and (2) grinding residues on the treatment unit and forwarding the hog fuel in high-sided dump trucks to a concentration yard, where it can be stored and then reloaded into chip vans using a front-end loader. To quantify the productivity and costs of these systems, work study data were collected for both systems on the same treatment unit in northern Idaho in July 2009. With standard machine rate calculations, the observed costs from roadside to loaded chip van were $23.62 per bone dry ton (BDT) for slash forwarding and $24.52 BDT-1 for in-woods grinding. Results indicate that for harvest units with conditions similar to the test area, slash forwarding is most appropriate for sites with dispersed residues and long-distance in-woods grinder mobilization. For sites with densely piled roadside residues, in-wood grinding is likely to be a more productive and less costly option for residue recovery. C1 [Anderson, Nathaniel; Jones, John Greg] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Sta, Missoula, MT USA. [Chung, Woodam; Loeffler, Dan] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Anderson, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Sta, Missoula, MT USA. EM nathanielmanderson@fs.fed.us; woodam.chung@umontana.edu; drloeffler@fs.fed.us; jgjones@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station through the Agenda 2020 Initiative FX The authors thank Potlatch Corporation, especially Josh Barnard and Bryce Coulter, for their collaboration on this study and their generous contribution of time and information. We also thank Mick Buell and others at Jack Buell Trucking for their cooperation and assistance in the field and willingness to integrate a research team into active operations. Han-Sup Han and Hunter Harrill, Humboldt State University, offered valuable insights into operations research and assisted in data collection. Funding for this study was provided by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station through the Agenda 2020 Initiative, with in-kind support from Potlatch Corporation. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 3 BP 222 EP 233 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 035GE UT WOS:000310930600010 ER PT J AU Sermons, SM Seversike, TM Sinclair, TR Fiscus, EL Rufty, TW AF Sermons, Shannon M. Seversike, Thomas M. Sinclair, Thomas R. Fiscus, Edwin L. Rufty, Thomas W. TI Temperature influences the ability of tall fescue to control transpiration in response to atmospheric vapour pressure deficit SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; evapotranspiration; K-c ID VULGARIS L. GENOTYPES; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; CROP COEFFICIENTS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; DROUGHT AVOIDANCE; TURFGRASS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IRRIGATION AB Water availability for turfgrass systems is often limited and is likely to become more so in the future. Here, we conducted experiments that examined the ability of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to control transpiration with increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and determined whether control was influenced by temperature. The first study was under steady-state conditions at two temperatures (21 and 27 degrees C) and two VPDs (1.2 and 1.8 kPa). At the lower temperature, water use was similar at both VPDs, indicating a restriction of transpiration at high VPD. At 27 degrees C, transpiration control at high VPD was weakened and root growth also declined; both responses increase susceptibility to water-deficit stress. Another series of experiments was used to examine the physiological stability of the transpiration control. Temperature and VPD were adjusted in a stepwise manner and transpiration measured across a range of VPD in the days following environmental shifts. Results indicated that VPD control acclimated to the growth environment, with adjustment to drier conditions becoming evident after similar to 1 week. Control was again more effective at cool than at hot temperatures. Collectively, the results indicate that transpiration control by this cool season grass is most effective in the temperature range where it is best adapted. C1 [Sermons, Shannon M.; Sinclair, Thomas R.; Fiscus, Edwin L.; Rufty, Thomas W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Seversike, Thomas M.] Syngenta Seeds, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. [Fiscus, Edwin L.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Rufty, TW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_rufty@ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 12 BP 979 EP 986 DI 10.1071/FP12172 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 046FQ UT WOS:000311751300003 ER PT J AU Laseter, SH Ford, CR Vose, JM Swift, LW AF Laseter, Stephanie H. Ford, Chelcy R. Vose, James M. Swift, Lloyd W., Jr. TI Long-term temperature and precipitation trends at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA SO HYDROLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climate; long-term; precipitation; quantile regression; temperature; time series ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL SURPRISES; DROUGHT; GROWTH; FOREST; CYCLE; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY; IMPACTS AB Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, located in western North Carolina, USA, is a 2,185 ha basin wherein forest climate monitoring and watershed experimentation began in the early 1930s. An extensive climate and hydrologic network has facilitated research for over 75 years. Our objectives in this paper were to describe the monitoring network, present long-term air temperature and precipitation data, and analyze the temporal variation in the long-term temperature and precipitation record. We found that over the period of record: (1) air temperatures have been increasing significantly since the late 1970s, (2) drought severity and frequency have increased with time, and (3) the precipitation distribution has become more extreme over time. We discuss the implications of these trends within the context of regional and global climate change and forest health. C1 [Laseter, Stephanie H.; Ford, Chelcy R.; Vose, James M.; Swift, Lloyd W., Jr.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. RP Laseter, SH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC USA. EM slaseter@fs.fed.us OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station; NSF [DEB0218001, DEB0823293] FX This study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and by NSF grants DEB0218001 and DEB0823293 to the Coweeta LTER program at the University of Georgia. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the University of Georgia. We acknowledge the support of many individuals, past and present, including Wayne Swank, Charlie L. Shope, Charles Swafford, Neville Buchanan, 'Zero' Shope, Bryant Cunningham, Bruce McCoy, Chuck Marshall, Mark Crawford, and Julia Moore as well as the long-term climate and hydrologic data network at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 35 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1998-9563 J9 HYDROL RES JI Hydrol. Res. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 6 BP 890 EP 901 DI 10.2166/nh.2012.067 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 039PI UT WOS:000311258600011 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Bai, BB Eggen, DA Leonard, DS AF Tobin, Patrick C. Bai, Barry B. Eggen, Donald A. Leonard, Donna S. TI The ecology, geopolitics, and economics of managing Lymantria dispar in the United States (vol 58, pg 195, 2012) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Bai, Barry B.] Oregon Dept Agr, Plant Div, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Eggen, Donald A.] Penn Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Bur Forestry, Div Forest Pest Management, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. [Leonard, Donna S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 4 BP 378 EP 378 DI 10.1080/09670874.2012.741901 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 045MN UT WOS:000311700600011 ER PT S AU Bouchard, C Ordovas, JM AF Bouchard, Claude Ordovas, Jose M. BE Bouchard, C Ordovas, JM TI Fundamentals of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics SO RECENT ADVANCES IN NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PERSONALIZED NUTRITION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; IDENTICAL-TWINS; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; DIET; FOOD; BRAIN; GENE; INTERVENTION C1 [Bouchard, Claude] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Human Genom Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bouchard, C (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Human Genom Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RI Bouchard, Claude/A-7637-2009 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-398397-8 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 108 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398397-8.00001-0 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BBI04 UT WOS:000306934600001 PM 22656371 ER PT S AU Parnell, LD AF Parnell, Laurence D. BE Bouchard, C Ordovas, JM TI Advances in Technologies and Study Design SO RECENT ADVANCES IN NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CROHNS-DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GUT MICROBIOME; EXPRESSION; MICRORNAS; DIET; METABOLISM C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Parnell, LD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 102 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-398397-8 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 108 BP 17 EP 50 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398397-8.00002-2 PG 34 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BBI04 UT WOS:000306934600002 PM 22656372 ER PT S AU Lai, CQ AF Lai, Chao-Qiang BE Bouchard, C Ordovas, JM TI Adaptive Genetic Variation and Population Differences SO RECENT ADVANCES IN NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ADULT LACTOSE INTOLERANCE; RECENT POSITIVE SELECTION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; DNA-SEQUENCE; CULTURAL INTERRELATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; LACTASE PERSISTENCE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AB Since the expansion of modern humans (Homo sapiens) from Africa to the rest of the world between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago, the human genome has been shaped not only by demographic history but also by adaptation to local environments, including regional climate, landscape, food sources, culture, and pathogens. Genetic differences among populations interact with environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, leading to differences in nutrient metabolism, which translate into differences in susceptibility to a variety of diseases. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 144 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-398397-8 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 108 BP 461 EP 489 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398397-8.00018-6 PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BBI04 UT WOS:000306934600018 PM 22656388 ER PT S AU Shang, F Taylor, A AF Shang, Fu Taylor, Allen BE Grune, T TI Role of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome in Protein Quality Control and Signaling: Implication in the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases SO THE PROTEASOMAL SYSTEM IN AGING AND DISEASE SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID NF-KAPPA-B; LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; ALPHA-A-CRYSTALLIN; FAT-FACETS GENE; HUMAN SENILE CATARACTOGENESIS; RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AB The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) plays important roles in many cellular functions, such as protein quality control, cell cycle control, and signal transduction. The selective degradation of aberrant proteins by the UPP is essential for the timely removal of potential cytotoxic damaged or otherwise abnormal proteins. Conversely, accumulation of the cytotoxic abnormal proteins in eye tissues is etiologically associated with many age-related eye diseases such as retina degeneration, cataract, and certain types of glaucoma. Age- or stress-induced impairment or overburdening of the UPP appears to contribute to the accumulation of abnormal proteins in eye tissues. Cell cycle and signal transduction are regulated by the conditional UPP-dependent degradation of the regulators of these processes. Impairment or overburdening of the UPP could also result in dysregulation of cell cycle control and signal transduction. The consequences of the improper cell cycle and signal transduction include defects in ocular development, wound healing, angiogenesis, or inflammatory responses. Methods that enhance or preserve UPP function or reduce its burden may be useful strategies for preventing age-related eye diseases. C1 [Shang, Fu; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, USDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY 13250, EY 011717] NR 391 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-397863-9 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 109 BP 347 EP 396 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-397863-9.00010-9 PG 50 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BBH95 UT WOS:000306933300011 PM 22727427 ER PT J AU Jendek, E Chamorro, ML AF Jendek, Eduard Chamorro, Maria Lourdes TI Six new species of Agrilus Curtis, 1825 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae,Agrilinae) from the Oriental Region related to the emerald ash borer, A. planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 and synonymy of Sarawakita Obenberger, 1924 SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Agrilus; Buprestidae; emerald ash borer; new species; synonym; taxonomy; nomenclature; Asia AB Six new species of Agrilus Curtis, 1825 with affinities to the emerald ash borer, A. planipennis Fairmaire, 1888, are described from the Oriental Region: A. crepuscularis sp. n. (Malaysia); A. pseudolubopetri sp. n. (Laos); A. sapphirinus sp. n. (Laos); A. seramensis sp. n. (Indonesia); A. spineus sp. n. (Malaysia); and A. tomentipennis sp. n. (Laos). The genus Sarawakita Obenberger, 1924 syn. nov. is considered a junior synonym of Agrilus. C1 [Chamorro, Maria Lourdes] USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Jendek, Eduard] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Plant Lab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Chamorro, ML (reprint author), USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM lourdes.chamorro@ars.usda.gov FU Forest Service, International Programs FX For consultation, providing specimens, and/or hosting our visits, we thank Ales Smetana & Vasily Grebennikov (Ottawa Plant Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency); Norman Woodley, Steve Lingafelter, Alexander Konstantinov, Allen Norrborn, & Alma Solis (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, USDA); Antoine Mantilleri & Isabelle Bruneau de Mire (Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris); Malcolm Kerley, Sharon Shute and Max Barclay (The Natural History Museum, London); and Vit Kuban and Jiri Hajek (National Museum of Natural History, Prague). Finally, we thank Kevin Hackett (National Programs Staff, ARS), Dana Roth and Darcy Nelson (Forest Service, International Programs) for their efforts to secure funding for this project. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2012 IS 239 BP 71 EP 94 DI 10.3897/zookeys.239.3966 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 046IT UT WOS:000311759400002 PM 23226712 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Senwo, ZN Tazisong, IA AF He, Zhongqi Senwo, Zachary N. Tazisong, Irenus A. TI Long-Term Dynamics of Labile and Stable Phosphorus Following Poultry Litter Application to Pasture Soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Organic phosphorus; pasture soil; poultry litter; sequential fractionation; soil phosphorus ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; HEDLEY FRACTIONATION; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; RUNOFF LOSS; TRANSFORMATIONS; EUTROPHICATION; ACCUMULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHATES AB A major source of runoff phosphorus (P) from agricultural soils is land-applied animal manure. Our work reports P levels in pasture soils in northern Alabama affected by long-term (0-20 years) application of poultry litter (PL). Sequential fractionation revealed different buildup patterns of labile and stable P fractions in these soils. Phosphorus built up in subsurface (20-40 cm and 40-60 cm deep) soils with lower application rates than P accumulated in surface (0-20 cm deep) soils, indicating a greater potential for surface runoff than leaching from these pasture fields. Correlation analysis of the surface soils showed levels of stable P extractable by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were related to the cumulative amount of PL applied. The level of water-extractable P increased because PL application was significantly related to the number of years the soil receiving PL, not the annual application rate or the cumulative amount of PL applied. C1 [He, Zhongqi] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Senwo, Zachary N.; Tazisong, Irenus A.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 22 BP 2835 EP 2850 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.728262 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 043IJ UT WOS:000311535800001 ER PT S AU Zhao, H Yang, ZW Di, LP Pei, ZY AF Zhao, Hu Yang, Zhengwei Di, Liping Pei, Zhiyuan BE Li, DL Chen, YY TI Evaluation of Temporal Resolution Effect in Remote Sensing Based Crop Phenology Detection Studies SO COMPUTER AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE V, PT II SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture (CCTA) CY OCT 29-31, 2011 CL China Agr Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IFIP TC5 Special Interest Grp, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China (NSFC), China EU Ctr Informat & Commun Technol Agr HO China Agr Univ DE Crop phenology; temporal resolution evaluation; least square; double logistic function fitting ID NDVI TIME-SERIES; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; MODIS; SATELLITE; NOISE; INDEX AB Remote sensing based phenology detection method has been employed to study agriculture, forestry and other vegetations for its potential to reflect the variations in climate change. These studies usually utilized time series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) generated from various sensors through a Maximum Value Compositing (MVC) process, which minimized the contamination from cloud and simultaneously introduce degradation of temporal accuracy. In this study, we assess the impact of temporal resolution on crop phenology derivation researches by comparing three different Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets: daily surface reflectance, 8 day composited surface reflectance and 16 day composited NDVI. The surface reflectance data were first filtered by employing auxiliary data which contained quality and viewing geometry information, and then used to calculate NDVI with specific date. A least square method was taken to fit the survival data points to double logistic function. And finally, seven time-related metrics were obtained and matched with field observation crop phenology stages. These remote sensing derivate phenology dates were compared to National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) weekly crop progress reports to evaluate the capability of these datasets in temporal sensitive studies. The results illustrated that daily surface reflectance datasets were the most accurate source for time-sensitive studies. However, extra ancillary datum and appropriate denoising techniques should be applied to reconstruct the time series curve. Phenology matching process is a necessary step before detecting phenological information from remote sensing imagery for specific land cover type since same phenological stages of different crop types might have different counterparts on time series curve. C1 [Zhao, Hu; Pei, Zhiyuan] Chinese Acad Agr Engn, Agr Resource Monitoring Stn, 41 Maizidian St, Beijing 100125, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Hu; Di, Liping] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Yang, Zhengwei] USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zhao, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Engn, Agr Resource Monitoring Stn, 41 Maizidian St, Beijing 100125, Peoples R China. EM zhaohu@whu.edu.cn; Zhengwei_Yang@nass.usda.gov; ldi@grnu.edu; peizhiyuan@tom.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-27277-6 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2012 VL 369 BP 135 EP + PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BCA66 UT WOS:000309482900016 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP Adeli, A McLaughlin, MR Miles, DM AF Brooks, J. P. Adeli, A. McLaughlin, M. R. Miles, D. M. TI The effect of poultry manure application rate and AlCl3 treatment on bacterial fecal indicators in runoff SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; indicators; litter; poultry; runoff; water ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; UNITED-STATES; LITTER; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; RAINFALL; QUALITY; SITES AB Increasing costs associated with inorganic fertilizer have led to widespread use of broiler litter. Proper land application, typically limiting nutrient loss, is essential to protect surface water. This study was designed to evaluate litter-borne microbial runoff (heterotrophic plate count bacteria, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens) while applying typical nutrient-control methods. Field studies were conducted in which plots with high and low litter rates, inorganic fertilizer, AlCl3-treated litter, and controls were rained on five times using a rain generator. Overall, microbial runoff from poultry litter applied plots was consistently greater (2-5 log(10) plot(-1)) than controls. No appreciable effect on microbial runoff was noted from variable litter application rate or AlCl3 treatments, though rain event, not time, significantly affected runoff load. C. perfringens and staphylococci runoff were consistently associated with poultry litter application, during early rain events, while other indicators were unreliable. Large microbial runoff pulses were observed, ranging from 10(2) to 10(10) CFU plot(-1); however, only a small fraction of litter-borne microbes were recoverable in runoff. This study indicated that microbial runoff from litter-applied plots can be substantial, and that methods intended to reduce nutrient losses do not necessarily reduce microbial runoff. C1 [Brooks, J. P.; Adeli, A.; McLaughlin, M. R.; Miles, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brooks, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, 801 HWY 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM john.brooks@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.2166/wh.2012.033 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 040RT UT WOS:000311341300013 PM 23165718 ER PT J AU Jones, GD Allen, KC AF Jones, G. D. Allen, K. C. TI Using Amaranthus palmeri pollen to mark captured tarnished plant bugs SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pollen; entomopalynology; tarnished plant bugs; pollen retention ID BOLL-WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; HOST PLANTS; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; FORAGING RESOURCES; CENTRAL TEXAS; CORN-EARWORM; CURCULIONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB Wild host plants play an important role for tarnished plant bug (TPB) Lygus lineolaris, populations when cultivated crops are not flowering. Determining dispersal into/out of cropping systems and native habitats is important for managing this insect pest. Mark and capture techniques, 'novel proteins' or dyes to determine insect dispersal are time consuming, costly and can cause problems to insects and people. Pollen analysis of insects is easy and marking them with pollen does not injure insects or people. Although pollen has been used to determine dispersal and food sources of many insects, it has not been used for TPB. As a preliminary study, we wanted to test if pollen could be used as a marker and to determine TPB dispersal and food. Adult TPB were allowed to feed on Amaranthus palmeri flowers for 72 hours, then sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours. Rinsing the insects three times with 95% ethyl alcohol prior to acetolysis removed 99% of the external pollen. There was a significant reduction in the number of pollen grains found in acetolyzed adults from the 0 to 96 hour time interval. At 0, 1 and 3 hours, 100% of the TPB contained pollen and at 96 hours, 55% contained pollen. Overall, 89% of the TPB examined contained pollen. Insects examined at 0 hours contained the greatest number of pollen grains (757) and those at 96 hours contained the least (26). If a TPB contained more than 10 A. palmeri pollen grains, there is a high probability that this individual fed within 12 hours. Amaranthus palmeri pollen worked well as a natural marker. Determining the pollen retention of various wild hosts in the gut helps in the management of this insect pest because it gives entomologists a time frame and a way to 'track' these insect pests. C1 [Jones, G. D.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Allen, K. C.] ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Jones, GD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM g-jones@tamu.edu NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1080/01916122.2012.662178 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 039HQ UT WOS:000311235900001 ER PT S AU Lewis, CE Fry, AM Hermann, JR Siev, D Dusek, DM Gatewood, DM AF Lewis, C. E. Fry, A. M. Hermann, J. R. Siev, D. Dusek, D. M. Gatewood, D. M. BE Jungback, C TI Potency Testing of Veterinary Rabies Vaccines: Replacement of Challenge by in Vitro Testing Considerations for Development of Alternative Assays SO POTENCY TESTING OF VETERINARY VACCINES FOR ANIMALS: THE WAY FROM IN VIVO TO IN VITRO SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Workshop on Potency Testing of Veterinary Vaccines - Way from in Vivo to in Vitro CY DEC 01-03, 2010 CL Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, GERMANY SP Paul Ehrlich Inst, European Directorate Qual Med & Healthcare, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat HO Paul Ehrlich Inst DE rabies vaccine; potency testing; vaccine challenge ID REDUCTION; MICE; EFFICACY; NUMBER; ROUTE AB Vaccination of domestic animals against rabies creates a critical barrier between wildlife reservoirs and the human population. Ensuring these vaccines are potent and effective is paramount in preventing human exposure to this deadly and costly disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) test is, at present, the most widely used and internationally recommended potency assay for batch testing inactivated rabies vaccines. This test has numerous inherent limitations and disadvantages, including a lack of precision. The NIH test requires a large number of animals and involves unrelieved pain and suffering. A relevant in vitro assay should provide a more accurate, reproducible, rapid, safe, and humane rabies vaccine potency test. C1 [Lewis, C. E.; Fry, A. M.; Hermann, J. R.; Siev, D.; Dusek, D. M.; Gatewood, D. M.] USDA, APHIS, VS, CVB, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Gatewood, DM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, CVB, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM donna.m.gatewood@aphis.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-9892-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2012 VL 134 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA BCP26 UT WOS:000310938700004 PM 22888592 ER PT S AU Kupa-Eddy, J AF Kupa-Eddy, J. BE Jungback, C TI Successful Development and Validation of an in Vitro Replacement Assay for Leptospira Vaccine Potency Tests SO POTENCY TESTING OF VETERINARY VACCINES FOR ANIMALS: THE WAY FROM IN VIVO TO IN VITRO SE Developments in Biologicals LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Workshop on Potency Testing of Veterinary Vaccines - Way from in Vivo to in Vitro CY DEC 01-03, 2010 CL Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, GERMANY SP Paul Ehrlich Inst, European Directorate Qual Med & Healthcare, Int Alliance Biol Standardizat HO Paul Ehrlich Inst DE leptospira vaccine; potency; replacement alternative AB The standard requirement for serial release potency testing of Leptospira bacterins in the United States is the hamster vaccination challenge test. It is a test that uses a large number of animals experiencing pain or distress, takes weeks to conduct, can be expensive and requires that laboratory personnel handle a viable zoonotic pathogen. In an effort to address these concerns, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed an in vitro method for potency testing of four Leptospira serovars. This enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was subsequently validated in the target species. USDA informed their biologics licensees, permittees and applicants of the availability of reference bacterins and the regulatory acceptance regarding this alternative test method in notices issued in 2007 and 2009. This presentation describes how the initial research and subsequent development and validation work were accomplished. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Kupa-Eddy, J (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 2, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM jodie.a.kulpa-eddy@aphis.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 978-3-8055-9892-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2012 VL 134 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA BCP26 UT WOS:000310938700013 ER PT S AU Huang, L Hwang, CA AF Huang, L. Hwang, C-A. BE Kerry, JP TI In-package pasteurization of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products SO ADVANCES IN MEAT, POULTRY AND SEAFOOD PACKAGING SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE ready-to-eat; in-package; pasteurization; pathogens; food safety ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HOT-WATER; THERMAL INACTIVATION; TURKEY BOLOGNA; LETHALITY; STRIPS; STEAM AB In-package thermal pasteurization is a widely used processing method to eliminate foodborne pathogens in packaged ready-to-eat foods. The chapter first gives an overview of the microbial concerns that are associated with ready-to-eat foods. It then describes factors such as product configuration in package and processing time-temperature combinations that affect the effectiveness of in-package pasteurization. The chapter concludes with a review of published studies to further the technology of in-package pasteurization. C1 [Huang, L.; Hwang, C-A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Lihan.Huang@ars.usda.gov; Andy.Hwang@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-571-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 220 BP 437 EP 450 D2 10.1533/9780857095718 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BCH70 UT WOS:000310215000017 ER PT S AU Colegate, SM Stegelmeier, BL Edgar, JA AF Colegate, S. M. Stegelmeier, B. L. Edgar, J. A. BE FinkGremmels, J TI Dietary exposure of livestock and humans to hepatotoxic natural products SO ANIMAL FEED CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS ON LIVESTOCK AND FOOD SAFETY SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE natural hepatotoxins; livestock poisoning; human poisoning; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID RIDDELLIINE; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LC-MS ANALYSIS; N-OXIDES; TOXIC PEPTIDES; LIVER-DISEASE; FACIAL ECZEMA; SAWFLY LARVAE; METABOLITES; INTOXICATION AB Hepatotoxicity is a multi-factorial and multi-consequential assault on the liver by various toxins including many natural toxins that may be present in animal feed and human food. Some examples of hepatotoxins are given but the main emphasis is focused on the hepatotoxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. The chemical diversity of the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and their complex mechanism of action following acute or chronic exposure provide challenges for analysis and toxicological evaluation. C1 [Colegate, S. M.; Stegelmeier, B. L.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Edgar, J. A.] CSIRO, Samaria, Vic 3673, Australia. RP Colegate, SM (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East,1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM steven.colegate@ars.usda.gov; bryan.stegelmeier@ars.usda.gov; john.edgar@csiro.au NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-361-5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 215 BP 352 EP 382 D2 10.1533/9780857093615 PG 31 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BCH69 UT WOS:000310214700015 ER PT J AU Berrada, AF Halvorson, AD AF Berrada, Abdel F. Halvorson, Ardell D. TI Manure and nitrogen fertilizer effects on corn productivity and soil fertility under drip and furrow irrigation SO ARCHIVES OF AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn; nitrogen; water; soil salinity; phosphorus ID CLAY LOAM SOIL; COMPOST APPLICATIONS; PHOSPHORUS; SALINITY; NITRATE; FIELD AB A field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in 2005 through 2007 to study the effects of manure and nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield, nutrient uptake, N and P soil tests, and soil salinity under furrow and drip irrigation. Manure or inorganic N was applied in 2005 and 2006 only. There were no significant differences in corn yield between drip and furrow irrigation even though, on average, 42% less water was applied with drip irrigation. Inorganic N or manure application generally increased grain yield, kernel weight, grain and stover N uptake, and grain P uptake. Nitrogen rates above 67 kg ha(-1) did not increase grain yield significantly in 2005 or 2006, nor did manure rates in excess of 22 Mg ha(-1). High manure rates increased soil salinity early in the season, depressing corn yields in 2005 and 2006, particularly with drip irrigation. Salts tended to accumulate in the lower half of the root zone under drip irrigation. Residual nitrate nitrogen from manure and inorganic N application sustained corn yields above 12.0 Mg ha(-1) in 2007. More research is needed to develop best manure and drip irrigation management for corn production in the Arkansas Valley. C1 [Berrada, Abdel F.] Colorado State Univ, SW Colorado Res Ctr, Yellow Jacket, CO USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Berrada, AF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, SW Colorado Res Ctr, Yellow Jacket, CO USA. EM abdel.berrada@colostate.edu FU Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE); USDA-NRCS; USDA-ARS; Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station FX This study was funded by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), USDA-NRCS, USDA-ARS, and Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors would like to thank James Valliant for his leadership in applying for and obtaining the CDPHE grant and Michael Bartolo for his valuable support in setting up the drip irrigation system. The authors thank K. Tanabe, C. Reule, P. Norris, Amin Berrada and B. Floyd for their assistance in sample collection and analytical support in processing and analyzing the soil and plant samples. Trade names and company names are included for the benefit of the reader and do not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment of the product by the authors, Colorado State University or USDA-ARS. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0365-0340 J9 ARCH AGRON SOIL SCI JI Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1329 EP 1347 DI 10.1080/03650340.2011.590135 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 034DY UT WOS:000310851500001 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Mitchell, MS Donovan, DM Nelson, DC AF Shen, Yang Mitchell, Michael S. Donovan, David M. Nelson, Daniel C. BE Hyman, P Abedon, ST TI Phage-based Enzybiotics SO BACTERIOPHAGES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Advances in Molecular and Cellular Microbiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TAIL-LIKE BACTERIOCIN; PNEUMOCOCCAL CELL-WALL; LYTIC ENZYME CPL-1; BACILLUS-AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS PHAGE; INFECTED PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; AORTIC-VALVE ENDOCARDITIS; GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCI; POLYSACCHARIDE DEPOLYMERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI C1 [Shen, Yang; Mitchell, Michael S.; Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM nelsond@umd.edu NR 162 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-984-7 J9 ADV M C M PY 2012 IS 24 BP 217 EP 239 D2 10.1079/9781845939847.0000 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BCU60 UT WOS:000311504700017 ER PT S AU Qin, J AF Qin, J. BE Sun, DW TI Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging in the food and beverage industries SO COMPUTER VISION TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE hyperspectral; multispectral; machine vision; food quality and safety; nondestructive evaluation ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; FRUIT FIRMNESS; PART I; SYSTEM; QUALITY; FLUORESCENCE; REFLECTANCE; INSPECTION; APPLES AB This chapter presents hyperspectral and multispectral imaging technologies in the food and agricultural area. It puts emphasis on the introduction and demonstration of spectral imaging techniques for practical uses. The main topics include spectral image acquisition methods, essential components for building spectral imaging systems (e.g., light sources, wavelength dispersive devices and area detectors), methods for calibrating spectral imaging systems (e.g., spectral and spatial calibrations) and techniques for analyzing spectral images (e.g., data preprocessing, dimension reduction and band selection). The spectral imaging applications for evaluating food and beverage products are also presented. C1 ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Qin, J (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 303 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jianwei.qin@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-577-0 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 238 BP 27 EP 63 D2 10.1533/9780857095770 PG 37 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BCV02 UT WOS:000311553300002 ER PT S AU Toyofuku, N Haff, RP AF Toyofuku, N. Haff, R. P. BE Sun, DW TI Computer vision for foreign body detection and removal in the food industry SO COMPUTER VISION TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE computer vision; foreign body detection; optical inspection; X-ray inspection; contaminant removal ID X-RAY IMAGES; NEURAL-NET CLASSIFICATION; PISTACHIO NUT DATA; DEFECT DETECTION; MACHINE VISION; WHEAT RADIOGRAPHS; INSPECTION; KERNELS; QUALITY; WEEVIL AB A broad range of solutions have been devised to remove foreign body contaminants, prompted by the many injuries and lawsuits that they cause each year. This chapter details the use of computer vision inspection systems to detect the wide variety of these contaminants and remove them from the product stream. Two major approaches are discussed: optical inspection systems, which use images generated using visible or near infrared wavelengths to inspect the exterior of the product, and X-ray inspection systems, which use X-ray imaging to non-destructively search the interior of packages and products. C1 [Toyofuku, N.; Haff, R. P.] ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Toyofuku, N (reprint author), ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Natsuko.Toyofuku@ars.usda.gov; ron.haff@ars.usda.gov NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-577-0 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 238 BP 181 EP 205 D2 10.1533/9780857095770 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BCV02 UT WOS:000311553300007 ER PT S AU Chao, K Park, B Kim, MS AF Chao, K. Park, B. Kim, M. S. BE Sun, DW TI Computer vision in the poultry industry SO COMPUTER VISION TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE food safety inspection; chicken processing; hyperspectral imaging; multispectral imaging ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING-SYSTEM; DUAL-CAMERA SYSTEM; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; CARCASS INSPECTION; INGESTA AB Computer vision is becoming increasingly important in the poultry industry due to increasing use and speed of automation in processing operations. Research to develop the technology has included multiple approaches including spectroscopy and spectral imaging. Case studies are presented that focus on recent research targeting line-scan imaging for two food safety applications: automated wholesomeness inspection and fecal contamination detection for chicken carcasses. C1 [Chao, K.; Kim, M. S.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Park, B.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 303 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-577-0 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 238 BP 330 EP 351 D2 10.1533/9780857095770 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BCV02 UT WOS:000311553300012 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Sammataro, D Simonds, R AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Sammataro, Diana Simonds, Roger TI Are agrochemicals present in High Fructose Corn Syrup fed to honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)? SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neonicotinoids; imidacloprid; colony losses; CCD C1 [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria; Sammataro, Diana] ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Simonds, Roger] AMS, Natl Sci Lab, USDA, Gastonia, NC 28054 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gloria.hoffman@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 4 BP 371 EP 372 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.4.16 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 017HF UT WOS:000309580100016 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Janzen, DH Hallwachs, W Smith, MA AF Smith, David R. Janzen, Daniel H. Hallwachs, Winnie Smith, M. Alexander TI Hyperparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae) reared from dry forest and rain forest caterpillars of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Central America; hyperparasitoid host specificity; Lepidoptera; Diptera; DNA barcoding; tropical trophic web ID PARASITOID FLIES DIPTERA; TRIGONALYIDAE HYMENOPTERA; HOST; DNA; BIOLOGY; INTEGRATION; TACHINIDAE; HISTORY AB Five species of Trigonalidae, hyperparasitoids of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) and Tachinidae (Diptera) that parasitize caterpillars (Lepidoptera), have been reared during the ongoing caterpillar inventory of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), Guanacaste Province, northwestern Costa Rica: Lycogaster apicipennis (Cameron), Taeniogonalos woodorum Smith, sp. n., Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis (Cameron), Trigonalys championi Cameron, and Trigonalys maculifrons Sharp. Morphological and DNA barcoding data support species separation of these generalist hyperparasitoids. Taeniogonalos gundlachii (Cresson) is not a widespread, color-variable species as previously treated and is probably confined to eastern North America. The species previously considered as T gundlachii in Costa Rica is regarded as Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, a species found only in ACG dry forest. Taeniogonalos woodorum is a similar species but found only in the ACG rain forest. Habitat and host records are given for these five species of trigonalids. C1 [Smith, David R.] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Janzen, Daniel H.; Hallwachs, Winnie] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Smith, M. Alexander] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Smith, M. Alexander] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM sawfly2@aol.com RI Smith, M Alex/B-4468-2013 OI Smith, M Alex/0000-0002-8650-2575 FU NSF [DEB 0515699]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Government of Canada through Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute [2008-0GI-ICI-03] FX We emphatically and gratefully acknowledge the support of the ACG parataxonomist team in finding and rearing these caterpillars, their parasitoids, and their hyperparasitoids, and Area de Conservacion Guanacaste for preserving the forests in which they live, and the Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund, the Wege Foundation, and the University of Pennsylvania for funding portions of the research. This study was also supported by NSF DEB 0515699 to DHJ and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to MAS. Laboratory analyses on sequences generated since 2009 were funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute (2008-0GI-ICI-03). We thank D. G. Notton, The Natural History Museum, London; J. Huber and H. Goulet, Canadian National Insect Collection, Ottawa, J. Wiley, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, and N. M Schiff, U. S. Forest Service, Stoneville, MS, for loan of specimens. Michele Touchet, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC, helped with the images. We appreciate reviews of the manuscript by the following: P. Tripotin, Mont Saint-Aignan, France, and M. L. Chamorro, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2012 VL 29 BP 119 EP 144 DI 10.3897/JHR.29.3233 PG 26 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 036WX UT WOS:000311064100008 ER PT J AU Qi, YW Pan, YB Lao, FY Zhang, CM Fan, LN He, HY Liu, R Wang, QN Liu, SM Liu, FY Li, QW Deng, HH AF Qi Yong-wen Pan Yong-bao Lao Fang-ye Zhang Chui-ming Fan Li-na He Hui-yi Liu Rui Wang Qin-nan Liu Shao-mou Liu Fu-ye Li Qi-wei Deng Hai-hua TI Genetic Structure and Diversity of Parental Cultivars Involved in China Mainland Sugarcane Breeding Programs as Inferred from DNA Microsatellites SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; microsatellite DNA marker; population structure; sugarcane ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ERIANTHUS-ARUNDINACEUS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SACCHARUM; INFERENCE; CANE AB To understand genetic structure and diversity of parental cultivars involved in China Mainland sugarcane breeding programs, 92 elite parents and 4 wild relatives were genotyped with 18 microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic similarity (GS) values among the cultivars ranged from 0.346 to 0.960 with an average of 0.533. Among the introduced cultivars, India accessions had the closest genetic distance to China Mainland accessions (0.447), while Australia accessions have the furthest distance (0.503). A comparison of allelic diversity among geographical origins showed that there were 22 China Mainland specific alleles, of which 28% were derived from native S. spontaneaum germplasm in China. Model-based genetic structure, clustering, and principal components analyses consistently revealed there were five groups within the 96 accessions. Groups 1, 2, 4, and 5 consisted of all cultivars and group 3 only contained wild germplasm. Group 2 was characterized as the Introduction group with 46 cultivars predominantly introduced from Australia, Taiwan of China, India, and USA. Groups 1, 4, and 5 consisted of cultivars mostly originated from China Mainland, defined as the Complex group, Yacheng lines group, and F134/CP72-1210 group, respectively, upon their pedigree. By understanding the genetic relationships among the parental cultivars, breeders can gain a rational basis for expanding the gene pool and select the best parental accessions for crossing. C1 [Qi Yong-wen; Lao Fang-ye; Zhang Chui-ming; Fan Li-na; He Hui-yi; Liu Rui; Wang Qin-nan; Liu Shao-mou; Liu Fu-ye; Li Qi-wei; Deng Hai-hua] Guangzhou Sugarcane Ind Res Inst, Guangdong Key Lab Sugarcane Improvement & Biorefi, Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Pan Yong-bao] USDA ARS, Mid S Area, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Deng, HH (reprint author), Guangzhou Sugarcane Ind Res Inst, Guangdong Key Lab Sugarcane Improvement & Biorefi, Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yongwen2001@163.com; haihuadeng@126.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800700]; China Agriculture Research System FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800700), and the China Agriculture Research System. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2095-3119 J9 J INTEGR AGR JI J. Integr. Agric. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1794 EP 1803 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 035HI UT WOS:000310933600005 ER PT J AU Wagner, E Dumbauld, BR Hacker, SD Trimble, AC Wisehart, LM Ruesink, JL AF Wagner, Eric Dumbauld, Brett R. Hacker, Sally D. Trimble, Alan C. Wisehart, Lorena M. Ruesink, Jennifer L. TI Density-dependent effects of an introduced oyster, Crassostrea gigas, on a native intertidal seagrass, Zostera marina SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Zostera marina; Crassostrea gigas; Density-dependent effects; Shellfish aquaculture; Disturbance; Recovery ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVES; WILLAPA BAY; NONNATIVE OYSTERS; AQUACULTURE; PRODUCTIVITY; ESTUARIES; RESTORATION; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH AB Seagrasses and bivalves co-occur worldwide, and each plays a role in the structure, function, and services of coastal ecosystems. While seagrasses are declining, bivalve aquaculture is expanding, and impacts from culture practices, as opposed to the cultured organisms themselves, need to be distinguished. In 2 experiments, we tested the effects of live Crassostrea gigas, an introduced oyster, on Zostera marina, a native seagrass, in Willapa Bay, Washington. Expt 1 involved adult oyster addition across a large range in density (0 to 70% cover), and also considered the effects of the physical components of an oyster: its shell, and fertilizer mimicking biodeposition. Expt 2 simulated a crop cycle with addition of newly-settled oysters at relevant commercial density (<= 20%), which then grew over 3 yr. In Expt 1, seagrass shoot density and size declined (at least 50% and at most 40%, respectively) with oyster addition. Steep declines indicating density-dependent space competition occurred at different thresholds after 1 (1.3% oyster cover), 2 (12.4%), and 3 yr (21.9%). Live oysters changed sediment characteristics, increasing organic content, silt: sand ratios, and levels of porewater ammonium, but these changes did not affect eelgrass. Nutrient addition did not affect density or growth, although it augmented porewater ammonium. In Expt 2, no significant reductions in density, size, or growth of seagrass occurred. Our results suggest that the effects of introduced oysters on seagrass occur through space competition and can exceed the footprint of the oysters, generating strong impacts above a threshold of similar to 20% cover. C1 [Wagner, Eric; Trimble, Alan C.; Ruesink, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hacker, Sally D.; Wisehart, Lorena M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wagner, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM elwagner@uw.edu FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-38500-13198]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX This study was supported by the Western Regional Aquaculture Center through Grant No. 2003-38500-13198 from the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. J.L.R. and A.C.T. were funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife provided field and laboratory space. Thanks to L. McCoy, B. Kauffman, and R. Hildenbrand for assistance in the field. E. Buhle receives our particular thanks for assistance in the field, helpful discussions, and comments on the manuscript. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 55 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 468 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.3354/meps09952 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 036PV UT WOS:000311041900012 ER PT J AU Li, GL Liu, Y Zhu, Y Li, QM Dumroese, RK AF Li, Guolei Liu, Yong Zhu, Yan Li, Qingmei Dumroese, R. Kasten TI Effect of Fall-applied Nitrogen on Growth, Nitrogen Storage, and Frost Hardiness of Bareroot Larix olgensis Seedlings SO SILVA FENNICA LA English DT Article DE deciduous trees; fall fertilization; frost hardiness; Olga Bay larch ID LATE-SEASON FERTILIZATION; PICEA-MARIANA SEEDLINGS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; AUTUMN FERTILIZATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PINE-SEEDLINGS; NURSERY; RETRANSLOCATION; TOLERANCE; PHENOLOGY AB Nursery response of evergreen trees to fall fertilization has been studied widely, but little attention has been given to deciduous trees. Bareroot Olga Bay larch (Larix olgensis Henry) seedlings were fertilized in the nursery with urea at four rates (0,30,60,90 kg N ha(-1)), with half of each rate applied on two dates (September 16 and October 1,2009). The seedlings were excavated for evaluation on October 15. In the unfertilized (control) treatment, root and shoot dry mass increased by 100% and 57% respectively, while N concentration in the roots and shoots increased by 43% and 40% during the 30 clay period. This indicated that substantial biomass growth during this period did not lead to internal nutrient dilution. Root dry mass increased when fall fertilization rates were >= 60 kg N ha(-1). Fall fertilization increased N concentrations in root tissue by 48-73%. Compared with the control, shoot tissues of fall fertilized seedlings had slightly higher N concentration and content and significantly higher frost hardiness. C1 [Li, Guolei; Liu, Yong; Zhu, Yan] Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Li, Qingmei] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forestry, Key Lab Forest Silviculture State Forestry Adm, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. RP Li, GL (reprint author), Minist Educ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM glli226@163.com; lyong@bjfu.eclu.cn FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [JD2011-3, TD2011-08, BLJD200905] FX The study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Contract No. JD2011-3, TD2011-08 & BLJD200905). We specially thank the Meteorological Observing Team in College of Forestry, Beihua University for their assistance with providing weather data; Mr. Richard R. Faltonson for editing the English of early versions; and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND PI VANTAA PA PO BOX 18, FI-01301 VANTAA, FINLAND SN 0037-5330 EI 2242-4075 J9 SILVA FENN JI Silva. Fenn. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 345 EP 354 AR 45 DI 10.14214/sf.45 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 031QO UT WOS:000310657200004 ER PT S AU Tilley, M Chen, YR Miller, RA AF Tilley, M. Chen, Y. R. Miller, R. A. BE Cauvain, SP TI Wheat breeding and quality evaluation in the US SO BREADMAKING: IMPROVING QUALITY, 2ND EDITION SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE wheat; flour; bread; quality testing ID CRUMB-GRAIN; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; BREAD; BREADMAKING; FLOUR; DOUGH; SCORE AB The United States of America (US) annually produces about 10% of the world wheat crop. Although wheat ranks third in terms of production value among field crops, behind maize and soybeans, it is the major US cereal grain for export and domestic consumption. Wheat is the most valuable food crop and the major export crop of the US, with about 50% entering the export market. This chapter discusses US wheat classification and grading, wheat breeding objectives related to major agronomic and end-use quality parameters and the contribution of wheat quality laboratories to varietal improvement. The different quality indices and tests for grain characteristics (test weight, kernel hardness, weight and size, and protein, moisture and ash contents), milling characteristics (flour yield and milling score), flour characteristics, dough characteristics (mixing properties), and internal and external characteristics of bread are described, as well as the different techniques used in predicting the breadmaking quality of wheat. Future trends and resources are highlighted. C1 [Tilley, M.; Chen, Y. R.] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Miller, R. A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Tilley, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM michael.tilley@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-569-5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 229 BP 216 EP 236 PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BCH40 UT WOS:000310201600009 ER PT J AU Pikul, JL Osborne, SL Riedell, WE AF Pikul, J. L., Jr. Osborne, S. L. Riedell, W. E. TI Corn Yield and Nitrogen- and Water-Use under No-Tillage Rotations SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen-use efficiency; no-tillage; water-use efficiency ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL AB Increased crop diversity and length of rotation may improve corn (Zea mays L.) yield and water-and nitrogen-use efficiency (WUE and NUE). The objectives of this study were to determine effects of crop rotation on corn yield, water use, and nitrogen (N) use. No-tillage (NT) crop rotations were started in 1997 on a Barnes clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludoll) near Brookings, S. D. Rotations were continuous corn (CC), corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), a 3-year rotation of corn-soybean-oat/pea (Avena sativa L. and Pisum sativum L.) hay (CSH), a 3-year rotation of corn-soybean-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CSW), and a 5-year rotation of corn-soybean-oat/pea hay companion seeded with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa-alfalfa (CSHAA). Fertilizer N was applied to corn on all rotations at planting (16 kg N ha(-1)) and side-dressed (64 kg N ha(-1)). Average corn grain yields (1998-2007) were greatest under CSW (7.38 Mg ha(-1)) and least under CC (4.66 Mg ha(-1)). Yields were not different among CSH, CSW, and CSHAA rotations. Water-use efficiency of rotation was ordered as CSW > CSH > CSHAA > CS > CC. Nitrogen-use efficiency was greatest under CSW and least under CC. There were no differences in yield advantage (YA) among crop rotations during years with plentiful early-season rainfall (May 1-July 31). In years with low spring rainfall, YA was greatest under CSW (54%) and least under CSHAA (33%). Corn yields under extended rotations (CSH, CSW, and CSHAA) were greater than under CC and CS, but lack of rainfall may result in reduced yields under CSHAA. C1 [Pikul, J. L., Jr.; Osborne, S. L.; Riedell, W. E.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Osborne, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM shannon.osborne@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 21 BP 2722 EP 2734 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.719980 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 030ZL UT WOS:000310608600002 ER PT S AU Imam, SH Glenn, GM Chiellini, E AF Imam, S. H. Glenn, G. M. Chiellini, E. BE Yam, KL Lee, DS TI Utilization of biobased polymers in food packaging: assessment of materials, production and commercialization SO EMERGING FOOD PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE biobased food packaging; starch; PHB; PLA; PHS; PVA; lignocellulosic fiber ID BAKED STARCH FOAMS; CONTAINING POLYETHYLENE FILM; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS; POLYLACTIC ACID; CORN-STARCH; POLY(L-LACTIDE) DEGRADATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC COMPOSITES; BAKING PROCESS AB This chapter reviews alternatives to conventional synthetic food packaging materials. It discusses the environmental impact of synthetic plastic packaging. It then goes on to review biobased food packaging materials such as starch-based PHB and PLA polymers as well as PHAs and PVA. It outlines production methods for these materials together with hybrid blends and composites. The example of recycled lignocellulosic fiber is used as a case study. The chapter concludes by looking at ways of assessing the biodegradability of renewable packaging materials and life cycle assessment. C1 [Imam, S. H.; Glenn, G. M.; Chiellini, E.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chiellini, E.] Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, Lab Bioact Polymer Mat Biomed & Environm Applicat, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Syed.Lmam@ARS.USDA.gov; emochie@dcci.unipi.it NR 104 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-566-4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 230 BP 435 EP 468 PG 34 WC Food Science & Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Food Science & Technology; Materials Science GA BCI16 UT WOS:000310236100022 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B AF Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Blueberries and Neuronal Aging SO GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidants; Cognition; Inflammation; Polyphenols; Signaling ID BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR; RATS; MEMORY; PSYCHOMOTOR; PERFORMANCE; MODULATION; STRAWBERRY AB As the population of people in the United States over the age of 65 years continues to increase, so too will the incidence of age-related pathologies, including decreases in cognitive and motor function. In cases of severe deficits in memory or motor function, hospitalization and/or custodial care would be a likely outcome. This means that unless some way is found to reduce these age-related decrements in neuronal function, health care costs will continue to rise exponentially. Evidence is accumulating that consumption of blueberries may be one strategy to forestall or even reverse age-related neuronal deficits, as well as their subsequent behavioral manifestations, in order to increase healthy aging. Research suggests that the polyphenolic compounds found in blueberries exert their beneficial effects either through their ability to lower oxidative stress and inflammation or directly by altering the signaling involved in neuronal communication. These interventions, in turn, may protect against age-related deficits in cognitive and motor function. Appropriately, the US Department of Agriculture has figured prominently in these discoveries, through the efforts of two USDA researchers who worked for the department 100 years apart. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.shukitthale@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0304-324X J9 GERONTOLOGY JI Gerontology PY 2012 VL 58 IS 6 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1159/000341101 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 030HR UT WOS:000310562300006 PM 22907211 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Kumar, SV Bolten, JD AF Crow, W. T. Kumar, S. V. Bolten, J. D. TI On the utility of land surface models for agricultural drought monitoring SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CATCHMENT-BASED APPROACH; SOIL-MOISTURE; VEGETATION; INDEXES; SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION AB The lagged rank cross-correlation between model-derived root-zone soil moisture estimates and remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) is examined between January 2000 and December 2010 to quantify the skill of various soil moisture models for agricultural drought monitoring. Examined modeling strategies range from a simple antecedent precipitation index to the application of modern land surface models (LSMs) based on complex water and energy balance formulations. A quasi-global evaluation of lagged VI/soil moisture cross-correlation suggests, when globally averaged across the entire annual cycle, soil moisture estimates obtained from complex LSMs provide little added skill (<5% in relative terms) in anticipating variations in vegetation condition relative to a simplified water accounting procedure based solely on observed precipitation. However, larger amounts of added skill (5-15% in relative terms) can be identified when focusing exclusively on the extra-tropical growing season and/or utilizing soil moisture values acquired by averaging across a multi-model ensemble. C1 [Crow, W. T.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kumar, S. V.; Bolten, J. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kumar, S. V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 FU NASA; NASA Center for Climate Simulation FX Research was supported by NASA Applied Sciences Grant entitled "Enhancing the USDA Global Crop Production Decision Support System with the NASA Land Information System and Water Cycle Satellite Observations" (W. T. Crow - Principal Investigator). Computing was partially supported by the resources at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 9 BP 3451 EP 3460 DI 10.5194/hess-16-3451-2012 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 029DQ UT WOS:000310475400029 ER PT B AU Noh, SM Brown, WC AF Noh, Susan M. Brown, Wendy C. BE Palmer, GH Azad, AF TI ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES TO INFECTION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT (ANAPLASMATACEAE) SO INTERCELLULAR PATHOGENS II: RICKETTSIALES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; ELONGATION-FACTOR-TU; IV SECRETION SYSTEM; HUMAN MONOCYTOTROPIC EHRLICHIOSIS; ENDOSYMBIOTIC WOLBACHIA-BACTERIA; EXPERIMENTAL CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS; WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PROTEINS C1 [Noh, Susan M.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brown, Wendy C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Noh, SM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 231 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-733-6 PY 2012 BP 330 EP 365 DI 10.1128/9781555817336.ch11 PG 36 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BCI78 UT WOS:000310252800012 ER PT J AU Pontieri, P De Vita, P Boffa, A Tuinstra, MR Bean, SR Krishnamoorthy, G Miller, C Roemer, E Alifano, P Pignone, D Massardo, DR Del Giudice, L AF Pontieri, Paola De Vita, Pasquale Boffa, Antonio Tuinstra, Mitchell R. Bean, Scott R. Krishnamoorthy, Gabriel Miller, Charles Roemer, Earl Alifano, Pietro Pignone, Domenico Massardo, Domenica Rita Del Giudice, Luigi TI Yield and morpho-agronomical evaluation of food-grade white sorghum hybrids grown in Southern Italy SO JOURNAL OF PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE food-grade sorghum; sorghum hybrid; yield; celiac disease ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; GRAIN-SORGHUM; CELIAC-DISEASE; SWEET SORGHUM; FIBER SORGHUM; PEARL-MILLET; IN-VITRO; WHEAT; COMPONENTS; BREAD AB Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a gluten-free grain that is gaining attention as a food crop that can be used in the management of celiac disease. At present, sorghum is widely grown in many semiarid regions of the world. New food-grade sorghum cultivars are of particular interest in Mediterranean countries due to improved quality characteristics and gluten-free status of the grains. Until now very few studies have examined the grain yield (GYLD) and agronomic performance characteristics of food-grade sorghum hybrids in Italy. A 2 year study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic performance of eight food-grade sorghum hybrids representing different maturity classes in trials conducted in Southern Italy. The results showed wide variation in adaptation of these hybrids as measured by differences in GYLD (2.35-8.50 t ha(-1)) and other phenomorphological characteristics. Of particular interest was the fact that many of the early-flowering hybrids (e. g. SP-X303) performed better than the later-flowering hybrids (e. g. ArchX-02). These results demonstrated that flowering time of hybrid and crop cycle length are important factors to consider in selecting cultivars for production in the Mediterranean region. C1 [Pontieri, Paola; Boffa, Antonio; Massardo, Domenica Rita; Del Giudice, Luigi] CNR Port, Dipartimento Biol, Sez Igiene, IGV, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Pontieri, Paola; Massardo, Domenica Rita; Del Giudice, Luigi] CNR, IGB ABT, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [De Vita, Pasquale] Ctr Ric Cerealicoltura CRA, I-71100 Foggia, Italy. [Tuinstra, Mitchell R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bean, Scott R.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Krishnamoorthy, Gabriel; Miller, Charles] Richardson Seeds MMR Genet, Vega, TX 79092 USA. [Alifano, Pietro] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Biol & Ambientali, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Pignone, Domenico] CNR, Ist Genet Vegetale, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Pontieri, P (reprint author), CFM Consulting Serv, 8 Maple Lane, Bremen, ME 04551 USA. EM paola.pontieri@igb.cnr.it OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094; De Vita, Pasquale/0000-0002-9573-0510 FU Regione Campania; Istituto Banco di Napoli, Fondazione; Compagnia di San Paolo special grant; iniziativa FX The research was supported by Regione Campania special grant (P.S.R. 2007-2013, Misura 124) to P. Pontieri, and partly supported both by Istituto Banco di Napoli, Fondazione special grant; research project; and by Compagnia di San Paolo special grant; iniziativa; to L. Del Giudice. P. Pontieri was supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Istituto Banco di Napoli, Fondazione. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-9145 J9 J PLANT INTERACT JI J. Plant Interact. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1080/17429145.2012.705340 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030UZ UT WOS:000310596900009 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Lovis, L Martins, JR AF Guerrero, Felix David Lovis, Leonore Martins, Joao Ricardo TI Acaricide resistance mechanisms in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA LA English DT Review DE Cattle tick; resistance mechanisms; target site mutation; metabolism ID SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; PYRETHROID-RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE-RESISTANT; AMITRAZ RESISTANCE; MEXICAN STRAINS; 1ST REPORT; IXODIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Acaricide resistance has become widespread in countries where cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, are problem. Resistance arises through genetic changes in a cattle tick population that causes modifications to the target site, increased metabolism or sequestration of the acaricide, or reduced ability of the acaricide to penetrate through the outer. protective layers of the tick's body. We review the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of acaricide resistance that have been shown to be functional in R. (B.) microplus. From a mechanistic point of view, resistance to pyrethroids has been characterized to a greater degree than any other acaricide class. Although a great deal of research has gone into discovery of the mechanisms that cause organophosphate resistance, very little is defined at the molecular level and organophosphate resistance seems to be maintained through a complex and multifactorial process. The resistance mechanisms for other acaricides are less well understood. The target sites of fipronil and the macrocyclic lactones are known and resistance mechanism studies are in the early stages. The target site of amitraz has not been definitively identified and this is hampering mechanistic studies on this acaricide. C1 [Guerrero, Felix David] USDA ARS, KBUSLIRL, Kerrville, TX 78006 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, KBUSLIRL, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78006 USA. EM felix.guerrero@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS Project [6205-32000-031-00] FX We thank Deanna Bodine for technical help with sodium channel mutation assays and Drs. Andrew Li and Robert Miller of their review of the manuscript. FDG acknowledges funding support from the USDA-ARS Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory CRIS Project Number 6205-32000-031-00. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU BRAZILIAN COLL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY PI SAO PAULO PA C/O ASSISTANT EDITOR AV PROF LINEU PRESTES, 1374, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, CEP 05508-900, SAO PAULO, 00000, BRAZIL SN 0103-846X J9 REV BRAS PARASITOL V JI Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 032YZ UT WOS:000310760400002 PM 22534937 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Korkin, S Wang, Y Quayle, B Laszlo, I AF Lyapustin, A. Korkin, S. Wang, Y. Quayle, B. Laszlo, I. TI Discrimination of biomass burning smoke and clouds in MAIAC algorithm SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL DEPTH; ABSORPTION; RETRIEVAL AB The Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm makes aerosol retrievals from MODIS data at 1 km resolution providing information about the fine scale aerosol variability. This information is required in different applications such as urban air quality analysis, aerosol source identification etc. The quality of high resolution aerosol data is directly linked to the quality of cloud mask, in particular detection of small (sub-pixel) and low clouds. This work continues research in this direction, describing a technique to detect small clouds and introducing the "smoke test" to discriminate the biomass burning smoke from the clouds. The smoke test relies on a relative increase of aerosol absorption at MODIS wavelength 0.412 mu m as compared to 0.47-0.67 mu m due to multiple scattering and enhanced absorption by organic carbon released during combustion. This general principle has been successfully used in the OMI detection of absorbing aerosols based on UV measurements. This paper provides the algorithm detail and illustrates its performance on two examples of wildfires in US Pacific North-West and in Georgia/Florida of 2007. C1 [Lyapustin, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Korkin, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Quayle, B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Laszlo, I.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program; NOAA GOES-R program FX The research of A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang and S. Korkin was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (D. Wickland) and in part by the NOAA GOES-R program (M. Goldberg). The work of I. Laszlo is supported by the NOAA GOES-R program. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9679 EP 9686 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9679-2012 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400015 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL AF Brandon, David L. TI Electrochemiluminescence immunosorbent assay of ricin in ground beef: biotinylated capture antibodies and matrix effects SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ricin; Ricinus communis agglutinin; castor; monoclonal antibody; biothreat; electrochemiluminescence; ground beef ID CONTAMINATION AB Ricin is a highly toxic protein present in the seeds of castor (Ricinus communis), grown principally as a source of high quality industrial lubricant. Because of the past use of ricin for intentional poisoning, there is a need for analytical methodology to detect ricin in food matrices. Ground beef and other fatty, solid matrices present challenges for extraction and detection of protein constituents. This study focused on the use of streptavidin-coated assay plates, with biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) immobilised as capture reagents. It explored matrix effects on immunosorbent analyses of ricin in enzyme-linked and electrochemiluminescent detection systems. A variety of mAb pairs enabled assays with predetermined specificity for ricin vs. the related protein, Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1). Extraction of samples at low dilution (1: 5) and inclusion of 100 mM galactose in the extraction medium produced excellent quantification of ricin in the 1-20 ng/g range in ground beef. C1 USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM david.brandon@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 EI 1465-3443 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1080/09540105.2011.629315 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 030ZR UT WOS:000310609200003 ER PT S AU Yang, FZ Lu, Y Liu, YC Lan, YB Liu, DB Wang, Z AF Yang, Fuzeng Lu, Yi Liu, Yongcheng Lan, Yubin Liu, Debo Wang, Zheng BE Sung, WP Kao, JCM Chen, R TI Design and Preliminary Test of Tiny Remote Controlled Electric Tractor Used in Greenhouse SO FRONTIERS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Applied Mechanics and Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Engineering (MEME 2012) CY JUL 27-29, 2012 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Frontiers Sci & Technol Res Assoc, Hong Kong Control Engn & Informat Sci Res Assoc DE Greenhouse; Electric tractor; Design; Preliminary test AB To solve the problems of labor intensity, inconvenient operation, serious pollution and big noise in greenhouse, a kind of tiny remote controlled electric tractor was proposed in this paper, then preliminary tests on road and in field were did. The results showed that the prototype can complete normal remote plow operation, simultaneously has the advantages of low-carbon environment protection, low operating cost, easy operation and low noise. C1 [Yang, Fuzeng; Lu, Yi; Liu, Yongcheng; Liu, Debo; Wang, Zheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Lan, Yubin] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, FZ (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. EM yfz0701@163.com; luyi5814348@yahoo.com.cn; wangzh925@163.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-9336 BN 978-3-03785-441-9 J9 APPL MECH MATER PY 2012 VL 184-185 BP 1533 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.184-185.1533 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BCI88 UT WOS:000310257500319 ER PT J AU de Sousa, SM Clark, RT Mendes, FF de Oliveira, AC de Vasconcelos, MJV Parentoni, SN Kochian, LV Guimaraes, CT Magalhaes, JV AF de Sousa, Sylvia Morais Clark, Randy T. Mendes, Flavia Ferreira de Oliveira, Antonio Carlos Vilaca de Vasconcelos, Maria Jose Parentoni, Sidney Netto Kochian, Leon V. Guimaraes, Claudia Teixeira Magalhaes, Jurandir Vieira TI A role for root morphology and related candidate genes in P acquisition efficiency in maize SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; phosphate deficiency; phosphorus nutrition; plant stresses; root morphology; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS L.; LOW PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA BRASSICACEAE; BEAN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; BASAL ROOTS; GROWTH; DEFICIENCY; PHOSPHATE; DIAMETER AB Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants and is acquired from the rhizosphere solution as inorganic phosphate. P is one of the least available mineral nutrients, particularly in highly weathered, tropical soils, and can substantially limit plant growth. The aim of this work was to study a possible effect of root morphology and the expression pattern of related candidate genes on P efficiency in maize. Our field phenotyping results under low and high P conditions enabled us to identify two contrasting genotypes for P acquisition efficiency that were used for the root traits studies. Root morphology was assessed in a paper pouch system to investigate root traits that could be involved in P acquisition efficiency. The genes, Rtcs, Bk2 and Rth3, which are known to be involved in root morphology, showed higher expression in the P efficient line relative to the P inefficient line. Overall, root traits showed high heritability and a low coefficient of variation. Principal component analysis revealed that out of the 24 root traits analysed, only four root traits were needed to adequately represent the diversity among genotypes. The information generated by this study will be useful for establishing early selection strategies for P efficiency in maize, which are needed to support subsequent molecular and physiological studies. C1 [de Sousa, Sylvia Morais; Mendes, Flavia Ferreira; de Oliveira, Antonio Carlos; Vilaca de Vasconcelos, Maria Jose; Parentoni, Sidney Netto; Guimaraes, Claudia Teixeira; Magalhaes, Jurandir Vieira] Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. [Clark, Randy T.; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mendes, Flavia Ferreira] Univ Fed Lavras, BR-3720000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. RP de Sousa, SM (reprint author), Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, CP151, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. EM smsousa@cnpms.embrapa.br OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU CNPq; Embrapa; Fapemig; McKnight Foundation; Generation Challenge Program (GCP) FX The authors thank Gislene Rodrigues Braga Cristeli for technical assistance with growth chamber experiments; Cristiane de Carvalho Guimaraes and Paulo Eduardo de Aquino Ribeiro for phosphorus analyses; and Cynthia Maria Borges Damasceno for helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. FFM, CTG and JVM were recipients of a research fellowship from CNPq. This research was supported by Embrapa, CNPq, Fapemig, McKnight Foundation and Generation Challenge Program (GCP). NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 44 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 925 EP 935 DI 10.1071/FP12022 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 027VA UT WOS:000310380800011 ER PT J AU Windham, WR Yoon, SC Ladely, SR Heitschmidt, JW Lawrence, KC Park, B Narrang, N Cray, WC AF Windham, William R. Yoon, Seung-Chul Ladely, Scott R. Heitschmidt, Jerry W. Lawrence, Kurt C. Park, Bosoon Narrang, Neelam Cray, William C. TI The effect of regions of interest and spectral pre-processing on the detection of non-0157 Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli serogroups on agar media by hyperspectral imaging SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; STEC non-0157; visible and near infrared hyperspectral image; regions of interest; pre-processing; detection; Mahalanobis distance ID TRANSFORM-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; RAPID DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; CHEMOMETRICS; DISCRIMINATION; CONTAMINATION; CALIBRATION; BACTERIA AB Foodborne infection caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia colt (STEC) is a major worldwide health concern. The best known and highly virulent STEC serogroup is E. colt 0157:H7, which can be easily identified when cultured on sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) agar. Recently, six non-0157 STEC serogroups have been found to cause human illnesses. These non-0157 serogroups ferment sorbital and form pink colonies; therefore SMAC agar cannot be used to differentiate non-0157 serogroups from each other and other flora growing on the plate. This study investigated the potential of visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics to spectrally differentiate six representative non-0517 STEC serogroups (026, 045, 0103, 0111, 0121 and 0145) grown as spots on Rainbow agar media. Mahalanobis distance classifiers were developed with spectra obtained from ground truth regions of interest (ROIs) of each serogroup colony. The ROIs were selected as a doughnut-like open-ellipse to only include the leading edge of growth and as a closed-ellipse covering the entire colony. For each ROI type, the Mahalanobis distance classifiers were developed with log (1/Reflectance), first derivative and standard normal variate and detrending (SNVD) pre-processing treatments. Serogroups 045 and 0121 were consistently classified over 98% accurate, regardless of the classification algorithm used. The lowest classification accuracies were from classifiers developed with only log (1/R) ROI spectra. First derivative and SNVD spectra helped to increase the detection accuracies of the other serogroups. The classification accuracy for serogroups 026, 0111, 0103 and 0145 with the closed-ellipse and open-ellipse classification algorithms showed varying results from 8% to 87% and 57% to 100%, respectively. The lower accuracies with closed ellipse spectra were due to greater spectral variation in the centre pixels on a per-pixel basis. Practical implications of this study are the demonstrated potential of hyperspectral imaging for presumptive-positive screening of non-0157 serogroups on Rainbow agar and the extensibility of the developed sampling methods and classification models for future research to identify the target bacteria in the presence of background flora grown on spread plates. C1 [Windham, William R.; Yoon, Seung-Chul; Heitschmidt, Jerry W.; Lawrence, Kurt C.; Park, Bosoon] ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ladely, Scott R.; Narrang, Neelam; Cray, William C.] Food Safety Inspect Serv, Outbreak Sect, Eastern Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), ARS, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM bob.windham@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2012 VL 20 IS 5 SI SI BP 547 EP 558 DI 10.1255/jnirs.1004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 022TY UT WOS:000309987900007 ER PT J AU McCreary, A Seekamp, E Cerveny, LK Carver, AD AF McCreary, Allie Seekamp, Erin Cerveny, Lee K. Carver, Andrew D. TI Natural Resource Agencies and Their Motivations to Partner: The Public Lands Partnership Model SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE motivations; organizational behavior; partnerships; recreation management; USDA Forest Service ID HELPING-BEHAVIOR; COLLABORATION AB Public land management agencies, such as the USDA Forest Service (USFS), utilize partnerships to accomplish a variety of tasks and meet specific targets. However, public agency personnel invest considerable time and energy to develop and maintain partnerships. Research on partnering motivations typically focuses on volunteers, nonprofit organizations and corporations, leaving the motivations of public agency personnel relatively unknown. This paper presents findings from a multiple partnership case study design on six national forests. The Public Lands Partnership Model (PLPM) is presented as a conceptualization of 13 motivations, classified into 3 distinct motivation types (i.e., interpersonal, intrapersonal, and institutional), that influence the propensity of agency personnel to partner. Additional influences, such as national forests' external environment and internal commitment, need further exploration to confirm the PLPM and generalize results to the USFS and other agencies engaged in public land management partnerships. C1 [Seekamp, Erin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McCreary, Allie; Carver, Andrew D.] So Illinois Univ Carbondale, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL USA. [Cerveny, Lee K.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Seekamp, E (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Box 8004,Biltmore Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM elseekam@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 5 BP 470 EP 489 DI 10.1080/01490400.2012.714707 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 030RZ UT WOS:000310589100006 ER PT J AU Shim, E Yeum, KJ Tang, GW Ahn, SH Hwang, J Lee-Kim, YC AF Shim, Eugene Yeum, Kyung-Jin Tang, Guangwen Ahn, Sei Hyun Hwang, Jinah Lee-Kim, Yang Cha TI Retinoids, Carotenoids, and Tocopherols in Breast Adipose Tissue and Serum of Benign Breast Disease and Breast Cancer Patients SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; RECEPTOR-BETA; PPAR-GAMMA; VITAMIN-A; CELLS; ACID; ISOTRETINOIN; PREVENTION; BIOMARKERS; APOPTOSIS AB Various retinoic acid (RA) isomers (all-trans, 13-cis, 11-cis, and 9-cis) as well as retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherol concentrations were determined in both serum and breast adipose tissue of 22 benign breast disease patients and 52 breast cancer patients categorized into 4 stages by malignancy. Serum RA isomers were analyzed by a newly developed sensitive method combining a high performance liquid chromatography and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and retinol, carotenoid, and tocopherol concentrations using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. The breast cancer patients showed significantly lower serum retinol, whereas significantly higher breast adipose tissue retinol concentration than those of benign breast disease patients. Although breast cancer patients showed significantly higher serum all-trans and 13-cis RA concentrations, 11-cis RA in breast adipose tissue was significantly lower in the breast cancer patients than those of benign breast disease patients and it was associated with the stage of malignancy. The current study indicates that the retinol and RA isomers in the target tissue of breast tumor patients are not reflecting their concentrations in circulation. The mechanisms of tissue specific uptake of RA isomers and their functions warrant further studies. C1 [Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shim, Eugene] Yonsei Univ Hlth Syst, Natl Hypertens Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Ahn, Sei Hyun] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Seoul, South Korea. [Ahn, Sei Hyun] Asan Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Hwang, Jinah] Myongji Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Foods & Nutr, Yongin, South Korea. [Lee-Kim, Yang Cha] Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Res Inst Food & Nutr Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@tufts.edu FU Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2003-042-C20116]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-51000-065-08S] FX This research has been supported in part by the Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2003-042-C20116) and U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement number 58-1950-51000-065-08S. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The authors thank the volunteers who participated in this study and acknowledge no conflict of interest. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2012 VL 64 IS 7 BP 956 EP 963 DI 10.1080/01635581.2012.717678 PG 8 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 026VG UT WOS:000310310600007 PM 23061903 ER PT J AU Wyman, M Malone, S Stein, T Johnson, C AF Wyman, Miriam Malone, Sparkle Stein, Taylor Johnson, Cassandra TI Race and Wildfire Risk Perceptions among Rural Forestland Owners in North-Central Florida SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Florida; nonindustrialized private landowners; race; wildfire ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; UNITED-STATES; DEFENSIBLE SPACE; MANAGEMENT; FIRE; MITIGATION; MINNESOTA; PROGRAMS; PLACE; SOUTH AB The southern United States is susceptible to wildfire, from its climate, growing seasons, lightning frequency, and decades of fire suppression. With much known about wildfire's biophysical risks, less is understood about sociodemographic obstacles, including race, income, and education. Blacks in the rural southeastern United States are typically among the most marginalized Americans and least likely to have sufficient knowledge about resource protection. Because disaster preparedness has been shown to vary by sociodemographic status and race, this study focused on race and wildfire prevention by rural forestland owners in north-central Florida. Results show that while Whites were more aware of existing resources, they were less likely to incorporate preventative measures. In contrast, Blacks earned lower incomes and utilized their land less, but were more likely to manage and live on their land. We conclude that wildfire mitigation programs may be more effective when they work to connect absentee rural land owners to their land. C1 [Wyman, Miriam] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Malone, Sparkle; Stein, Taylor] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnson, Cassandra] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Wyman, M (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, 5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM miriam.wyman@usu.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1293 EP 1307 DI 10.1080/08941920.2012.681752 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 030TR UT WOS:000310593500006 ER PT J AU Schelhas, J AF Schelhas, John TI Unveiling the Whale: Discourses on Whales and Whaling SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schelhas, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Schelhas, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1340 EP 1342 DI 10.1080/08941920.2012.684317 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 030TR UT WOS:000310593500010 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Miridae; revision; new species; hosts; distribution; predatory habits; phylogeny ID POPULATIONS; PREDATION; GUILD AB The phyline bug genus Tytthus Fieber, previously containing 19 species, is revised. Isoproba Osborn and Drake, 1915, incorrectly placed in the subfamily Bryocorinae, tribe Dicyphini, is synonymized as a junior synonym of Tytthus Fieber, syn. n.; the only included species, Isoproba picea Osborn and Drake is transferred to Tytthus, comb. n., as the senior synonym of T. hondurensis Carvalho, syn. n.; and T. Koreanus Josifov and Kerzhner, 1972 is synonymized with T. chinensis (Stal 1860), syn. n.; and a lectotype for T. parviceps is designated. The six new species T. femoralis from Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, and Peru, T. fuscicornis from New Mexico (USA), T. mexicanus from Mexico, T. pallidus from Brazil and Panama, T. uniformis from Arizona and New Mexico (USA), and T. wheeleri from the eastern United States are described, bringing the total number species for the genus to 24. A color adult habitus illustration of T. wheeleri, color photographs for each species (except T. juturnaiba Carvalho and Wallerstein), illustrations of male genitalia, scanning electron photomicrographs of selected structures of certain species, and an identification key are provided to facilitate species recognition. A phylogenetic analysis is offered to help infer relationships. C1 USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,Agr Res Serv, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov FU Planetary Biodiversity Program (PBI); Willi Hennig Society; NSF Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) award [DEB-0316495] FX I am grateful to A. G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC) for allowing me to study the considerable amount of U. S. material he collected, including that representing three new species; Charles Triplehorn (OSU) for lending the Osborn and Drake type of Isoproba picea; Michele Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ARS, USDA, do USNM) for the color plates; Randall T. Schuh (AMNH), Robert Foottit and Michael D. Schwartz (CNC), Shephard Myers (BPBM), S. H. Lee and R. K. Duwal (SNU), and R. S. Zack (WSU) for lending numerous important specimens from their institutions and, in the case of Dr. Schuh, numerous specimens borrowed from other institutions (as noted in the text) through the auspices of the Planetary Biodiversity Program (PBI); Michael Wilson (NMW) and Mick Webb (BMNH) for allowing me to visit and study material in their collections; the late Robert F. Denno (Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park) for sharing observations on two species of Tytthus and for sending reprints his papers involving these predators; Katrina Menard (Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, Norman) for sharing her preliminary phylogenetic data on Leucophoropterini and the position of Tytthus; Scott D. Whittaker (SEM Lab Manager, Smithsonsian Institution, Washington, DC) for assistance with the SEM work; Geoffrey Thompson (Visiting scientific illustrator, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia) for the color habitus illustration of T. wheeleri; Taina Litwak (SEL) for digitally rendering the genitalic illustrations; A. G. Wheeler, Jr. and Lutz Rastaetter (Greenbelt, Maryland) for translating Josifov and Kerzhner's (1972) German description and discussion of T. koreanus; Sonja Scheffer and Matthew Lewis (SEL) for their discussions on barcoding specimens of T. chinensis and T. parviceps; and the Willi Hennig Society for sponsoring free acccess to TNT by Goloboff et al. (2008). This paper was initiated as a contribution to the NSF Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) award DEB-0316495 (2004-2008) to R. T. Schuh and Gerasimos Cassis, principal investigators (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/). R. R. Kula (SEL), M. G. Pogue (SEL), M. D. Schwartz (CNC), R. T Schuh (AMNH), and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC) kindly reviewed the manuscript and offered numerous comments for its improvement. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 144 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2012 IS 220 SI SI BP 1 EP 114 DI 10.3897/zookeys.220.2178 PG 114 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 028CJ UT WOS:000310400100001 PM 23077429 ER PT S AU Bailey, PE Patki, T Striemer, GM Akoglu, A Lowenthal, DK Bradbury, P Vaughn, M Wang, LY Goff, S AF Bailey, Peter E. Patki, Tapasya Striemer, Gregory M. Akoglu, Ali Lowenthal, David K. Bradbury, Peter Vaughn, Matthew Wang, Liya Goff, Stephen GP IEEE TI Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Using a Partitioned Linear Model on a GPU Cluster SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS AB Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis is a statistical technique that allows understanding of the relationship between plant genotypes and the resultant continuous phenotypes in non-constant environments. This requires generation and processing of large datasets, which makes analysis challenging and slow. One approach, which is the subject of this paper, is Partitioned Linear Modeling (PLM), lends itself well to parallelization, both by MPI between nodes and by GPU within nodes. Large input datasets make this parallelization on the GPU non-trivial. This paper compares several candidate integrated MPI/GPU parallel implementations of PLM on a cluster of GPUs for varied data sets. We compare them to a naive implementation and show that while that implementation is quite efficient on small data sets, when the data set is large, data-transfer overhead dominates an all-GPU implementation of PLM. We show that an MPI implementation that selectively uses the GPU for a relative minority of the code performs best and results in a 64% improvement over the MPI/CPU version. As a first implementation of PLM on GPUs, our work serves as a reminder that different GPU implementations are needed, depending on the size of the working set, and that data intensive applications are not necessarily trivially parallelizable with GPUs. C1 [Bailey, Peter E.; Patki, Tapasya; Lowenthal, David K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Comp Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Striemer, Gregory M.; Akoglu, Ali] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bradbury, Peter] USDA, ARS, Washington, DC USA. [Bradbury, Peter] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vaughn, Matthew] Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX USA. [Wang, Liya] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY USA. [Goff, Stephen] IPlant Collaborat, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Bailey, PE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Comp Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU National Science Foundation Plant Cyberinfrastructure Program [DBI-0735191] FX This work was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation Plant Cyberinfrastructure Program (DBI-0735191). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 752 EP 760 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.93 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400093 ER PT S AU Chaney, RL AF Chaney, Rufus L. BE Sparks, DL TI FOOD SAFETY ISSUES FOR MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 117 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM EXPOSURE; HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINANTS; EDIBLE SUNFLOWER KERNELS; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; STATES-OF-AMERICA; OLD ORCHARD SOILS; LONG-TERM; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Fertilizers and other soil amendments are required to maintain soil fertility, but some may be naturally rich in trace elements, or contaminated. As part of the overall consideration of using fertilizers and soil amendments, one should consider the levels of trace elements present in relation to soil, plant, and food-chain processes (precipitation, adsorption, chelation) which promote or alleviate trace element risks. These natural processes limit plant accumulation of nearly all elements to levels which would not cause harm to humans, livestock, wildlife, or soil organisms. Soils geologically rich or contaminated with Mo can harm ruminants, while those rich in Se may harm all plant consumers; Mo or Se should be applied only when needed. Manures from swine and poultry may be rich in Cu, Zn and/or As from feed additives. Crops except rice accumulate little As from soils, so soil ingestion is the basis for soil As risk except for rice. Pb risk is also through soil ingestion rather than plant uptake. Cd is accumulated by rice to levels which caused human disease (renal tubular dysfunction) where rice soils were contaminated by industrial discharges. Risk from Cd in rice is strongly affected by the high bioavailability of rice Cd. Consumption of similar amounts of Cd have not caused harm from other foods. Because phosphate fertilizers may contain high levels of Cd, and use of high Cd superphosphate in Australia caused significant increase in wheat and potato Cd levels, risk from long-term accumulation of phosphate fertilizer Cd (and other sources) must be controlled. Different control schemes are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 322 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 17 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-394278-4 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2012 VL 117 BP 51 EP 116 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-394278-4.00002-7 PG 66 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BCI47 UT WOS:000310245500002 ER PT S AU He, SY He, ZL Yang, XE Baligar, VC AF He, Shanying He, Zhenli Yang, Xiaoe Baligar, Virupax C. BE Sparks, DL TI MECHANISMS OF NICKEL UPTAKE AND HYPERACCUMULATION BY PLANTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SOIL REMEDIATION SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 117 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA; HEAVY-METAL PHYTOEXTRACTION; ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; MEMBRANE LIPID-COMPOSITION; TREE SEBERTIA-ACUMINATA; BRASSICA-NAPUS L.; CV BAHIA SHOOTS; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; INDIAN MUSTARD AB Soil contamination by heavy metals like Ni was originally restricted to metalliferous soils but in modern time it has become a general problem due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Because of the characteristics of cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and fewer side-effects, the development of plant based remediation technologies for the cleanup of Ni-contaminated soils has attracted much attention. Nickel is an essential micronutrient, but is toxic to plants at excessive levels. Some plant species can accumulate Ni in the shoots at a high concentration, these plants are called hyperaccumulators. In the past two decades, researchers have endeavored to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Ni uptake, transport, and detoxification in the Ni-hyperaccumulator plants. This is the basis of creating ideal plants for phytoremediation through cell and genetic engineering technologies, which may subsequently improve phytoremediation efficiency for decontaminating Ni-contaminated soils. Both rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes can play a role in phytoremediation. Optimizing plant and soil management practices, particularly the correction of soil pH and additions of amendments of exogenous chelates and fertilizers, can also enhance phytoremediation of Ni-contaminated soils. The primary objective of this review is to discuss the recent progresses in basic and applied research relevant to phytoremediation of Ni-contaminated soils. C1 [He, Shanying; He, Zhenli] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [He, Shanying] Zhejiang Gongshang Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Yang, Xiaoe] Zhejiang Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Coll Environm & Resources Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Baligar, Virupax C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP He, SY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 454 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 114 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-394278-4 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2012 VL 117 BP 117 EP 189 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-394278-4.00003-9 PG 73 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BCI47 UT WOS:000310245500003 ER PT B AU Callaway, TR Ricke, SC AF Callaway, Todd R. Ricke, Steven C. BE Callaway, TR Ricke, SC TI Direct-Fed Microbials and Prebiotics for Animals Science and Mechanisms of Action Preface SO DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS AND PREBIOTICS FOR ANIMALS: SCIENCE AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID OBESITY C1 [Callaway, Todd R.] USDA ARS, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov; sricke@uark.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1310-3 PY 2012 BP VII EP IX D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1311-0 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BBG95 UT WOS:000306815400001 ER PT B AU Kogut, MH Swaggerty, CL AF Kogut, Michael H. Swaggerty, Christina L. BE Callaway, TR Ricke, SC TI Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Host Immune Response SO DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS AND PREBIOTICS FOR ANIMALS: SCIENCE AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CEREUS VAR. TOYOI; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM STRAIN; BACILLUS-CEREUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INNATE IMMUNITY; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; BROILER-CHICKENS AB The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest interface between an animal's internal milieu and its exterior environment. As such, it forms a physical barrier between the two environments. However, the function of the GI tract in the wellbeing of an animal is more complex than this passive role. The GI tract not only regulates the selective entry of nutrients while keeping vigilant against pathogens, it is largely responsible for shaping the immune response. Through specialized receptors and other general mechanisms, the GI tract senses changes in its environment and actively responds to the changes. These responses allow the intestine to contribute to the defense against microbes as well as control and regulate the local immune response. In addition, the luminal microbial ecosystem is a highly complex community of primarily bacterial microbes that communicates extensively with itself and the host. The microbial community has major influences on the host, including effects on nutrient absorption, cancer, inflammation, host metabolism, barrier function, and gut function (neuromotor, immunological, vascular) among others. Regulation of the immune response is the basis for the use of probiotics and prebiotics reviewed in this chapter. C1 [Kogut, Michael H.; Swaggerty, Christina L.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. EM Michael.kogut@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1310-3 PY 2012 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1311-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1311-0 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BBG95 UT WOS:000306815400006 ER PT B AU Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Poole, TL Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Tom S. Poole, T. L. Nisbet, D. J. BE Callaway, TR Ricke, SC TI Current Status of Practical Applications: Probiotics in Dairy Cattle SO DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS AND PREBIOTICS FOR ANIMALS: SCIENCE AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS; ORYZAE FERMENTATION EXTRACT; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BEEF FEEDLOT CATTLE; ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE; MILK-PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; IN-VITRO AB The gastrointestinal microbial population of dairy cattle is dense and diverse and can be utilized to reduce pathogenic bacterial populations as well as improve animal productivity and environmental effects. Because of the nature of the dairy industry, probiotic products have been widely used to enhance milk production and the feed efficiency. The individual efficacy of probiotics in dairy cattle is due to specific microbial ecological factors within the gut of the food animal and its native microflora that alter the competitive pressures of the gut. This chapter explores the ecology behind the efficacy of probiotic products against food-borne pathogens that inhabit food animals. C1 [Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Tom S.; Poole, T. L.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. EM todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1310-3 PY 2012 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1311-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1311-0 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BBG95 UT WOS:000306815400009 ER PT B AU Burr, JJ Clement, AR Stellwag, EJ Burr, GS Ricke, SC AF Burr, Julie J. Clement, Ashley R. Stellwag, Edmund J. Burr, Gary S. Ricke, Steven C. BE Callaway, TR Ricke, SC TI Characteristics and Modification of the Intestinal Tract Microbiota of the Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus SO DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS AND PREBIOTICS FOR ANIMALS: SCIENCE AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FRESH-WATER FISH; OBLIGATE ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; RUMINAL CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; CARP CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; SUBSTRATE-LIMITED CONDITIONS; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; MICROSCALE BATCH CULTURE; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L. AB Catfish is the leading commercial aquaculture enterprise in the United States, and many of the issues that have been important for other mass-produced food animals have become areas of research focus for potential improvement in the growth performance and health of catfish. A critical component that can influence both the health and nutrition of catfish is the intestinal tract. The intestinal tract, in addition to being the point of origin for digestion and absorption of nutrients derived from consumed diets, harbors an indigenous microflora that can interact with the host. The composition and role of the intestinal microbial communities in fishes remain poorly understood. To understand the effects of the entire microbial community on the host, additional studies and improved isolation methods are recommended. Along with the lack of knowledge about the composition of the community, little is known about the role of these microorganisms in the intestinal tract. An increased understanding of the intestinal microflora in catfish has potential for manipulation or alteration to improve disease resistance and growth performance, allowing the channel catfish to consume diets made with less expensive ingredients, such as crop residues, already fairly cheap. Recent aquaculture feed trials using prebiotics and probiotics report enhanced physiological and immune responses that contribute to improvements in aquaculture health. These trials are reviewed. C1 [Clement, Ashley R.; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Div Agr, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Burr, Julie J.; Stellwag, Edmund J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC USA. [Burr, Gary S.] USDA, ARS Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Franklin, ME USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Div Agr, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 137 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1310-3 PY 2012 BP 163 EP 188 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1311-0_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1311-0 PG 26 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BBG95 UT WOS:000306815400012 ER PT S AU Lin, LG Sun, YX AF Lin, Ligen Sun, Yuxiang BE Kojima, M Kangawa, K TI Thermogenic Characterization of Ghrelin Receptor Null Mice SO GHRELIN SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; GHS-R; ADIPOCYTES; HUMANS; STIMULATION; RELEASE; OBESITY AB Ghrelin is the only known circulating orexigenic hormone that increases food intake and promotes adiposity, and these physiological functions of ghrelin are mediated through its receptor growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin/GHS-R signaling plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Old GHS-R null mice exhibit a healthy phenotype-lean and insulin sensitive. Interestingly, the GHS-R null mice have increased energy expenditure, yet exhibit no difference in food intake or locomotor activity compared to wild-type mice. We have found that GHS-R is expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of old mice. Ablation of GHS-R attenuates age-associated decline in thermogenesis, exhibiting a higher core body temperature. Indeed, the BAT of old GHS-R null mice reveals enhanced thermogenic capacity, which is consistent with the gene expression profile of increases in glucose/lipid uptake, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in BAT. The data collectively suggest that ghrelin/GHS-R signaling has important roles in thermogenesis. The recent discovery that BAT also regulates energy homeostasis in adult humans makes the BAT a new antiobesity target. Understanding the roles and molecular mechanisms of ghrelin/GHS-R in thermogenesis is of great significance. GHS-R antagonists might be a novel means of combating obesity by shifting adiposity balance from obesogenesis to thermogenesis. C1 [Lin, Ligen; Sun, Yuxiang] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sun, YX (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM yuxiangs@bcm.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [1R03AG029641-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30DK079638] NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-12-381272-8 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2012 VL 514 BP 355 EP 370 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-381272-8.00022-2 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCI39 UT WOS:000310244000022 PM 22975064 ER PT J AU Potter, BE AF Potter, Brian E. TI Atmospheric interactions with wildland fire behaviour - I. Basic surface interactions, vertical profiles and synoptic structures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE atmospheric moisture; fire weather; frontal systems; review; solar radiation; stability; wind ID DISCRETE FUEL-ELEMENTS; WIND-AIDED FIRESPREAD; AUSTRALIAN FIRES; DRIVEN FIRES; FOREST-FIRES; SPREAD; MODEL; MOISTURE; METEOROLOGY; CALIFORNIA AB This paper is the first of two reviewing scientific literature from 100 years of research addressing interactions between the atmosphere and fire behaviour. These papers consider research on the interactions between the fuels burning at any instant and the atmosphere, and the interactions between the atmosphere and those fuels that will eventually burn in a given fire. This first paper reviews the progression from the surface atmospheric properties of temperature, humidity and wind to horizontal and vertical synoptic structures and ends with vertical atmospheric profiles. (The companion paper addresses plume dynamics and vortices.) The review reveals several unanswered questions, as well as findings from previous studies that appear forgotten in current research and concludes with suggestions for areas of future research. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Potter, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Fire Sci Lab, USDA, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM bpotter@fs.fed.us NR 122 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 28 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 779 EP 801 DI 10.1071/WF11128 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 023AD UT WOS:000310004400001 ER PT J AU Potter, BE AF Potter, Brian E. TI Atmospheric interactions with wildland fire behaviour - II. Plume and vortex dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE convection; fire weather; review; whirls; vortices ID RELEASED MOISTURE; BUOYANT PLUMES; SMOKE; CONVECTION; VORTICES; IMAGERY; MODEL AB This paper is the second of two reviewing scientific literature from 100 years of research addressing interactions between the atmosphere and fire behaviour. These papers consider research on the interactions between the fuels burning at any instant and the atmosphere, and the interactions between the atmosphere and those fuels that will eventually burn in a given fire. The first paper reviews the progression from the surface atmospheric properties of temperature, humidity and wind to horizontal and vertical synoptic structures and ends with vertical atmospheric profiles. This second paper addresses plume dynamics and vortices. The review presents several questions and concludes with suggestions for areas of future research. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Potter, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Fire Sci Lab, USDA, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM bpotter@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 802 EP 817 DI 10.1071/WF11129 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 023AD UT WOS:000310004400002 ER PT J AU Samsonov, YN Ivanov, VA McRae, DJ Baker, SP AF Samsonov, Y. N. Ivanov, V. A. McRae, D. J. Baker, S. P. TI Chemical and dispersal characteristics of particulate emissions from forest fires in Siberia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE black carbon; chemical composition; elemental carbon; organic carbon; smoke particulate ID BOREAL FOREST; TRACE-ELEMENTS; AEROSOLS; BIOMASS; ALBEDO AB Approximately 20 experimental fires were conducted on forest plots of 1-4 ha each in 2000-07 in two types of boreal forests in central Siberia, and 18 on 6 x 12-m plots in 2008-10. These experiments were designed to mimic wildfires under similar burning conditions. The fires were conducted in prescribed conditions including full documentation on pre-fire weather, pre-fire and post-fire forest fuels, fire intensities, and other biological, physical and chemical parameters. The amount of particulate matter emitted during a typical fire averaged 0.6 t ha(-1) and ranged within 0.2-1.0 t ha(-1) depending on burning conditions. Particulates accounted for similar to 1-7% of the total mass of the consumed biomass during a typical forest fire (10-30 t ha(-1) based on our data from 2000-07). Most of the particulate matter consists of organic substances, 77% on average, with a range of 70-90%. Elemental carbon averaged 8%, with a range of 2-18%. Trace element compositions and amounts of particulates indicate that there was no actual difference in the element emissions sampled from the fires conducted in the two forest types (6-8% in larch forest and 8% in pine forest). Most of the particulate matter, 90-95%, consists of submicrometre and near-micrometre particles similar to 0.1-5 mu m in diameter. C1 [Samsonov, Y. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Ivanov, V. A.] Siberian State Technol Univ, Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [McRae, D. J.] Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Baker, S. P.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Samsonov, YN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM samsonov@kinetics.nsc.ru FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land-Cover Land-Use Change program; USDA Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service; Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF); International Science and Technology Center [3695]; Russian-based Research Foundation for Basic Research [08-05-00083] FX The authors thank S. G. Conard and G. A. Ivanova for participation in designing and organising the fire experiments of which this research was a part. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land-Cover Land-Use Change program; USDA Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service; and the Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF). The International Science and Technology Center (project 3695) and the Russian-based Research Foundation for Basic Research (grant 08-05-00083) provided additional financial support. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 818 EP 827 DI 10.1071/WF11038 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 023AD UT WOS:000310004400003 ER PT J AU Loudermilk, EL O'Brien, JJ Mitchell, RJ Cropper, WP Hiers, JK Grunwald, S Grego, J Fernandez-Diaz, JC AF Loudermilk, E. Louise O'Brien, Joseph J. Mitchell, Robert J. Cropper, Wendell P., Jr. Hiers, J. Kevin Grunwald, Sabine Grego, John Fernandez-Diaz, Juan C. TI Linking complex forest fuel structure and fire behaviour at fine scales SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fuel heterogeneity; IR imagery; LIDAR; longleaf pine; regression tree; savanna ID LONGLEAF PINE FORESTS; LIDAR; CLASSIFICATION; VALIDATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PALUSTRIS; MODELS AB Improved fire management of savannas and open woodlands requires better understanding of the fundamental connection between fuel heterogeneity, variation in fire behaviour and the influence of fire variation on vegetation feedbacks. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to predicting fire behaviour at the submetre scale, including measurements of forest understorey fuels using ground-based LIDAR (light detection and ranging) coupled with infrared thermography for recording precise fire temperatures. We used ensemble classification and regression trees to examine the relationships between fuel characteristics and fire temperature dynamics. Fire behaviour was best predicted by characterising fuelbed heterogeneity and continuity across multiple plots of similar fire intensity, where impacts from plot-to-plot variation in fuel, fire and weather did not overwhelm the effects of fuels. The individual plot-level results revealed the significance of specific fuel types (e.g. bare soil, pine leaf litter) as well as the spatial configuration of fire. This was the first known study to link the importance of fuelbed continuity and the heterogeneity associated with fuel types to fire behaviour at metre to submetre scales and provides the next step in understanding the complex responses of vegetation to fire behaviour. C1 [Loudermilk, E. Louise] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [O'Brien, Joseph J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mitchell, Robert J.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr Ichauway, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Cropper, Wendell P., Jr.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin] Nat Resource Branch, Eglin AFB, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [Grunwald, Sabine] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Grego, John] Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Fernandez-Diaz, Juan C.] Univ Florida, Geosensing Engn & Mapping Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Loudermilk, EL (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM louise.loudermilk@gmail.com RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010 OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382 FU School of Natural Resources and Environment; School of Forest Resources and Conservation at the University of Florida; Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center FX We thank the School of Natural Resources and Environment and the School of Forest Resources and Conservation at the University of Florida for providing logistic and financial support throughout this research. We thank the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center for support during research development, field work and final stages of this work. The Ordway-Swisher Biological Station, Melrose, FL, was important for the pilot stage of this work. We thank the USDA Forest Service for research development and logistical support. We thank the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping at the University of Florida for providing the ground-LIDAR instrumentation (i.e. MTLS) and engineering expertise, with special thanks to K. Clint Slatton. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 29 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 882 EP 893 DI 10.1071/WF10116 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 023AD UT WOS:000310004400008 ER PT J AU Kreye, JK Varner, JM Knapp, EE AF Kreye, Jesse K. Varner, J. Morgan Knapp, Eric E. TI Moisture desorption in mechanically masticated fuels: effects of particle fracturing and fuelbed compaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Arctostaphylos; Ceanothus; mechanical fuel treatment; moisture dynamics; timelag ID FIRE BEHAVIOR; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; DRYING RATES; FOREST; SOIL; OREGON; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; LITTER AB Mechanical mastication is increasingly used as a wildland fuel treatment, reducing standing trees and shrubs to compacted fuelbeds of fractured woody fuels. One major shortcoming in our understanding of these fuelbeds is how particle fracturing influences moisture gain or loss, a primary determinant of fire behaviour. To better understand fuel moisture dynamics, we measured particle and fuelbed drying rates of masticated Arctostaphylos manzanita and Ceanothus velutinus shrubs, common targets of mastication in fire-prone western USA ecosystems. Drying rates of intact and fractured particles did not differ when desorbing at the fuelbed surface, but these particles did dry more rapidly than underlying fuelbeds. Average response times of 10-h woody particles at the fuelbed surfaces ranged from 16 to 21 h, whereas response times of fuelbeds (composed of 1-h and 10-h particles) were 40 to 69 h. Response times did not differ between fuelbeds composed of fractured woody particles and fuelbeds composed of intact particles (P = 0.258). Particle fracturing as a result of mastication does not affect the drying rate, but the longer-than-expected response times of particles within fuelbeds underscores the needs to better understand fuel moisture dynamics in these increasingly common fuels. C1 [Knapp, Eric E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Kreye, Jesse K.; Varner, J. Morgan] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Wildland Fire Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Kreye, JK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jkreye@ufl.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-2-1-20]; USDA McIntire-Stennis Forestry Research Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 05-2-1-20) and the USDA McIntire-Stennis Forestry Research Program. M. Hennessey, M. Kreye, T. Kinnard and J. Kane assisted with field and laboratory work. C. Keyes, B. Graham and J. Kane provided helpful input on earlier versions of this manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers and an Associate Editor provided very valuable comments and suggestions on this manuscript. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 894 EP 904 DI 10.1071/WF11077 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 023AD UT WOS:000310004400009 ER PT J AU Nyakatawa, EZ Mays, DA Way, TR Watts, DB Torbert, HA Smith, DR AF Nyakatawa, E. Z. Mays, D. A. Way, T. R. Watts, D. B. Torbert, H. A. Smith, D. R. TI Soil Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Conventional and Conservation Tillage Corn Production Systems Receiving Poultry Litter and Inorganic Fertilizer SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide flux; conservation tillage; greenhouse gases; no-tillage; poultry litter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CO2 FLUX; PIG SLURRY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; LOAMY SAND; LAND-USE; MANURE; EFFLUX; RESPIRATION AB Soil management practices can alter the natural balance at the soil-plant-atmosphere ecosystem interface, which can significantly affect the environment. This study compared CO2 fluxes in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) production systems receiving poultry litter (PL) and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers on a Decatur silt loam soil in the Tennessee Valley region of North Alabama from Spring 2008 to Fall 2009. Soil CO2 flux in CT plots (9.5 kg CO2 ha(-1) day(-1)) was significantly greater than that in NT plots (4.9 kg CO2 ha(-1) day(-1) in summer. Soil CO2 fluxes were lowest in fall where CT plots had a mean soil CO2 emission of 0.8 kg CO2 ha(-1) day(-1), while plots under NT and grass fallow system were sinks of CO2 with fluxes -0.6 and -1.0 kg CO2 ha(-1) day(-1), respectively. Mean soil CO2 flux averaged over seasons in NT plots was 36% lower than that in CT plots. Grass fallow plots were net sinks of CO2 with a mean CO2 flux of -0.4 kg CO2 ha(-1) day(-1). Our study showed that application of PL or AN fertilizer in NT systems can significantly reduce soil CO2 emissions compared to CT systems in corn production. C1 [Nyakatawa, E. Z.; Mays, D. A.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Way, T. R.; Watts, D. B.; Torbert, H. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Smith, D. R.] USDA ARS MWA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Nyakatawa, EZ (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 4900 Meridian St,POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM ermson.nyakatawa@aamu.edu NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2012 VL 36 IS 8 BP 873 EP 892 DI 10.1080/10440046.2012.695330 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 024YP UT WOS:000310148200003 ER PT S AU Eirin-Lopez, JM Rebordinos, L Rooney, AP Rozas, J AF Eirin-Lopez, J. M. Rebordinos, L. Rooney, A. P. Rozas, J. BE GarridoRamos, MA TI The Birth-and-Death Evolution of Multigene Families Revisited SO REPETITIVE DNA SE Genome Dynamics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 5S RIBOSOMAL DNA; 12 DROSOPHILA-GENOMES; FATTY-ACYL REDUCTASE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE FAMILIES; RNA GENES; SEQUENCE CHARACTERIZATION; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; CRASSOSTREA-ANGULATA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AB For quite some time, scientists have wondered how multigene families come into existence. Over the last several decades, a number of genomic and evolutionary mechanisms have been discovered that shape the evolution, structure and organization of multigene families. While gene duplication represents the core process, other phenomena such as pseudogene formation, gene loss, recombination and natural selection have been found to act in varying degrees to shape the evolution of gene families. How these forces influence the fate of gene duplicates has ultimately led molecular evolutionary biologists to ask the question: How and why do some duplicates gain new functions, whereas others deteriorate into pseudogenes or even get deleted from the genome? What ultimately lies at the heart of this question is the desire to understand how multigene families originate and diversify. The birth-and-death model of multigene family evolution provides a framework to answer this question. However, the growing availability of molecular data has revealed a much more complex scenario in which the birth-and-death process interacts with different mechanisms, leading to evolutionary novelty that can be exploited by a species as means for adaptation to various selective challenges. Here we provide an up-to-date review into the role of the birth-and-death model and the relevance of its interaction with forces such as genomic drift, selection and concerted evolution in generating and driving the evolution of different archetypal multigene families. We discuss the scientific evidence supporting the notion of birth-and-death as the major mechanism guiding the long-term evolution of multigene families. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Eirin-Lopez, J. M.] Univ A Coruna, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular & Mol, CHROMEVOL XENOMAR Grp, ES-15071 La Coruna, Spain. [Rebordinos, L.] Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Area Genet, Cadiz, Spain. [Rozas, J.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, Barcelona, Spain. [Rozas, J.] Univ Barcelona, Inst Recerca Biodiversitat IRBio, Barcelona, Spain. [Rooney, A. P.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Eirin-Lopez, JM (reprint author), Univ A Coruna, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular & Mol, CHROMEVOL XENOMAR Grp, Campus A Zapateira S-N, ES-15071 La Coruna, Spain. EM jeirin@udc.es RI Rozas, Julio/A-1733-2009; Eirin-Lopez, Jose Maria/A-5618-2008; REBORDINOS, LAUREANA/K-1327-2014 OI Rozas, Julio/0000-0002-6839-9148; Eirin-Lopez, Jose Maria/0000-0002-8041-9770; REBORDINOS, LAUREANA/0000-0001-6255-9449 NR 66 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-9263 BN 978-3-318-02149-3 J9 GENOME DYNAM JI Genome Dyn. PY 2012 VL 7 BP 170 EP 196 PG 27 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA BCI65 UT WOS:000310249100011 PM 22759819 ER PT S AU Wilson, AD AF Wilson, Alphus Dan BE Uzunboylu, H TI Theoretical and practical considerations for teaching diagnostic electronic-nose technologies to clinical laboratory technicians SO WORLD CONFERENCE ON LEARNING, TEACHING & ADMINISTRATION - 2011 SE Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Conference on Learning, Teaching and Educational Leadership (WCLTA) CY OCT 28-30, 2011 CL Bahcesehir Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY HO Bahcesehir Univ DE Analytical instrument operation; Clinical technicians; E-nose methods; Teaching research methods; Science education ID MINUTE PRECEPTOR; EDUCATION; IMPROVE; STRATEGIES; CHEMISTRY; TEACHERS; MODEL; NEED AB The rapid development of new electronic technologies and instruments, utilized to perform many current clinical operations in the biomedical field, is changing the way medical health care is delivered to patients. The majority of test results from laboratory analyses, performed with these analytical instruments often prior to clinical examinations, are frequently used for management decisions pertaining to patient care rather than as aids to diagnosis. The introduction of novel, improved electronic methods and portable tools for diagnosing diseases and for administering treatments has required continuous retraining of laboratory technicians for routine clinical operations and point-of-care testing. Continuous education and competency of clinical laboratory technicians in the proper use of these new healthcare tools, such as electronic-nose (e-nose) devices, is required to obtain the highest quality information possible for management decisions and to develop efficient treatments for patients. E-nose devices often provide more accurate and timely information than conventional chemical methods. Electronic-nose devices of various types and operational technologies are beginning to be used at increasing frequency in hospitals and clinical settings because of the capability of these instruments to provide rapid, accurate information of a patient's physiological state and health in real-time, eliminating the need for time-consuming chemical tests. E-nose devices are ideal instruments for the detection and diagnosis of disease and for the rapid recognition (sensing) of chemical-bioindicator compounds as indicators of disease within human fluid and tissue samples sent to diagnostic clinical laboratories for analysis. The proper training of technicians in the effective use of e-nose instruments for healthcare applications requires thorough understanding of the theoretical workings of e-nose devices and practical knowledge of operational methodologies that must be followed in order to effectively use e-nose devices to obtain the essential patient information required by medical doctors to make accurate diagnoses and administer rapid effective treatments. This paper provides a review of the most important theoretical and practical considerations to include in the development of training courses to teach clinical laboratory technicians how to properly operate e-nose devices for effective clinical analyses. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Huseyin Uzunboylu. C1 [Wilson, Alphus Dan] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0428 J9 PROCD SOC BEHV PY 2012 VL 31 BP 262 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.053 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BCB35 UT WOS:000309596700048 ER PT S AU Oliver, RP Friesen, TL Faris, JD Solomon, PS AF Oliver, Richard P. Friesen, Timothy L. Faris, Justin D. Solomon, Peter S. BE VanAlfen, NK Leach, JE Lindow, S TI Stagonospora nodorum: From Pathology to Genomics and Host Resistance SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 50 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Phaeosphaeria; Septoria; Leptosphaeria; glume; Dothideomycetes; Pleosporales; necrotroph ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; PATHOGEN PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; EFFECTOR-TRIGGERED SUSCEPTIBILITY; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; NECROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; INDUCED POINT MUTATIONS; G-ALPHA SUBUNIT; PTR TOXA; TAN SPOT; SELECTIVE TOXIN AB Stagonospora nodorum is a major necrotrophic pathogen of wheat that causes the diseases S. nodorum leaf and glume blotch. A series of tools and resources, including functional genomics, a genome sequence, proteomics and metabolomics, host-mapping populations, and a worldwide collection of isolates, have enabled the dissection of pathogenicity mechanisms. Metabolic and signaling genes required for pathogenicity have been defined. Interaction with the host is dominated by interplay of fungal effectors that induce necrosis on wheat lines carrying specific sensitivity loci. As such, the pathogen has emerged as a model for the Pleosporales group of pathogens. C1 [Oliver, Richard P.] Curtin Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Solomon, Peter S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Oliver, RP (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM richard.oliver@curtin.edu.au RI Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 NR 131 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 55 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1350-0 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 50 BP 23 EP 43 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173019 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BCG17 UT WOS:000310143200003 PM 22559071 ER PT S AU Mazzola, M Manici, LM AF Mazzola, Mark Manici, Luisa M. BE VanAlfen, NK Leach, JE Lindow, S TI Apple Replant Disease: Role of Microbial Ecology in Cause and Control SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 50 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE soil suppressiveness; organic amendments; Brassicaceae seed meal; biofumigation; managing soil biology; beneficial microorganisms ID NAPUS SEED MEAL; RHIZOCTONIA DAMPING-OFF; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SOIL FUMIGATION; GREEN MANURES; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; PREPLANT FUMIGATION; PYTHIUM-IRREGULARE; RESIDENT BACTERIA AB Replant disease of apple is common to all major apple growing regions of the world. Difficulties in defining disease etiology, which can be exacerbated by abiotic factors, have limited progress toward developing alternatives to soil fumigation for disease control. However, the preponderance of data derived from studies of orchard soil biology employing multidisciplinary approaches has defined a complex of pathogens/parasites as causal agents of the disease. Approaches to manipulate microbial resources endemic to the orchard soil system have been proposed to induce a state of general soil suppressiveness to replant disease. Such a long-term strategy may benefit the existing orchard through extending the period of economic viability and reduce overall disease pressure to which young trees are exposed during establishment of successive plantings on the site. Alternatively, more near-term methods have been devised to achieve specific quantitative and qualitative changes in soil biology during the period of orchard renovation that may lead to effective disease suppression. C1 [Mazzola, Mark] ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Manici, Luisa M.] CRA, Res Ctr Ind Crops, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mark.mazzola@ars.usda.gov; luisa.manici@entecra.it OI Manici, Luisa M./0000-0003-2798-4428 NR 147 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 10 U2 103 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1350-0 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 50 BP 45 EP 65 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173005 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BCG17 UT WOS:000310143200004 PM 22559069 ER PT S AU Mitchum, MG Wang, XH Wang, JY Davis, EL AF Mitchum, Melissa G. Wang, Xiaohong Wang, Jianying Davis, Eric L. BE VanAlfen, NK Leach, JE Lindow, S TI Role of Nematode Peptides and Other Small Molecules in Plant Parasitism SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 50 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE CLAVATA; CLE; effectors; ligand mimicry; peptide hormone; receptors; signaling ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; ESOPHAGEAL GLAND-CELLS; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SECRETED PROTEINS; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; EFFECTOR PROTEIN; CLE PEPTIDES AB Molecular, genetic, and biochemical studies are demonstrating an increasingly important role of peptide signaling in nematode parasitism of plants. To date, the majority of nematode-secreted peptides identified share similarity with plant CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) peptides, but bioinformatics analyses of nematode genomes have revealed sequences homologous to other classes of plant peptide hormones that may be utilized by these pests. Extracellular host receptors for secreted nematode peptides are beginning to be identified and their roles in parasitism elucidated. Here, we outline recent advances from studies of biologically active nematode-secreted peptides that function as molecular mimics of endogenous plant peptides to promote parasitism. Several strategies are being used to exploit this information to provide new targets for engineering nematode resistance. C1 [Mitchum, Melissa G.; Wang, Jianying] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mitchum, Melissa G.; Wang, Jianying] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Davis, Eric L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mitchum, MG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM goellnerm@missouri.edu; xw57@cornell.edu; wangjian@missouri.edu; eric_davis@ncsu.edu NR 123 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 48 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1350-0 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 50 BP 175 EP 195 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173008 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BCG17 UT WOS:000310143200010 PM 22578179 ER PT S AU Stuart, JJ Chen, MS Shukle, R Harris, MO AF Stuart, Jeff J. Chen, Ming-Shun Shukle, Richard Harris, Marion O. BE VanAlfen, NK Leach, JE Lindow, S TI Gall Midges (Hessian Flies) as Plant Pathogens SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 50 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Cecidomyiidae; gene-for-gene interaction; resistance gene; avirulence gene; effector proteins; nutritive tissue ID FLY DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR (SAY); GENE-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; SALIVARY-GLAND PROTEINS; WINTER-WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; 3-COMPONENT SYSTEM; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ADAPTIVE RADIATION AB Gall midges constitute an important group of plant-parasitic insects. The Hessian fly (HF; Mayetiola destructor), the most investigated gall midge, was the first insect hypothesized to have a gene-for-gene interaction with its host plant, wheat (Triticum spp.). Recent investigations support that hypothesis. The minute larval mandibles appear to act in a manner that is analogous to nematode stylets and the haustoria of filamentous plant pathogens. Putative effector proteins are encoded by hundreds of genes and expressed in the HF larval salivary gland. Cultivar-specific resistance (R) genes mediate a highly localized plant reaction that prevents the survival of avirulent HF larvae. Fine-scale mapping of HF avirulence (Avr) genes provides further evidence of effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against HF in wheat. Taken together, these discoveries suggest that the HF, and other gall midges, may be considered biotrophic, or hemibiotrophic, plant pathogens, and they demonstrate the potential that the wheat-HF interaction has in the study of insect-induced plant gall formation. C1 [Stuart, Jeff J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Shukle, Richard] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. [Shukle, Richard] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. [Harris, Marion O.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Stuart, JJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM stuartjj@purdue.edu; mchen@ksu.edu; shukle@purdue.edu; marion.harris@ndsu.edu NR 131 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 57 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1350-0 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 50 BP 339 EP 357 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095255 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BCG17 UT WOS:000310143200017 PM 22656645 ER PT S AU Raaijmakers, JM Mazzola, M AF Raaijmakers, Jos M. Mazzola, Mark BE VanAlfen, NK Leach, JE Lindow, S TI Diversity and Natural Functions of Antibiotics Produced by Beneficial and Plant Pathogenic Bacteria SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 50 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE metagenomics; endophytes; entomopathogenic bacteria; biofilms; motility; biocontrol ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; CYCLIC LIPOPEPTIDE PRODUCTION; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS PF-5; IMAGING MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SECONDARY METABOLITE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; BACILLUS-AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS FZB42; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOFILM FORMATION AB Soil- and plant-associated environments harbor numerous bacteria that produce antibiotic metabolites with specific or broad-spectrum activities against coexisting microorganisms. The function and ecological importance of antibiotics have long been assumed to yield a survival advantage to the producing bacteria in the highly competitive but resource-limited soil environments through direct suppression. Although specific antibiotics may enhance producer persistence when challenged by competitors or predators in soil habitats, at subinhibitory concentrations antibiotics exhibit a diversity of other roles in the life history of the producing bacteria. Many processes modulated by antibiotics may be inherently critical to the producing bacterium, such as the acquisition of substrates or initiation of developmental changes that will ensure survival under stressful conditions. Antibiotics may also have roles in more complex interactions, including in virulence on host plants or in shaping the outcomes of multitrophic interactions. The innate functions of antibiotics to producing bacteria in their native ecosystem are just beginning to emerge, but current knowledge already reveals a breadth of activities well beyond the historical perspective of antibiotics as weaponry in microbial conflicts. C1 [Raaijmakers, Jos M.] Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raaijmakers, JM (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM jos.raaijmakers@wur.nl RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 173 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 12 U2 156 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1350-0 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 50 BP 403 EP 424 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172908 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BCG17 UT WOS:000310143200020 PM 22681451 ER PT S AU Malnoy, M Martens, S Norelli, JL Barny, MA Sundin, GW Smits, THM Duffy, B AF Malnoy, Mickael Martens, Stefan Norelli, John L. Barny, Marie-Anne Sundin, George W. Smits, Theo H. M. Duffy, Brion BE VanAlfen, NK Leach, JE Lindow, S TI Fire Blight: Applied Genomic Insights of the Pathogen and Host SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 50 SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Erwinia amylovora; Malus; Pyrus; transcriptomics; evolutionary genomics; Pantoea ID MALUS X DOMESTICA; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA FUNCTIONS; UBIQUITOUS PLASMID PEA29; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BIOCONTROL STRAIN C9-1; PANTOEA-AGGLOMERANS; III EFFECTOR; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSES AB The enterobacterial phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, an invasive disease that threatens a wide range of commercial and ornamental Rosaceae host plants. The response elicited by E. amylovora in its host during disease development is similar to the hypersensitive reaction that typically leads to resistance in an incompatible host-pathogen interaction, yet no gene-for-gene resistance has been described for this host-pathogen system. Comparative genomic analysis has found an unprecedented degree of genetic uniformity among strains of E. amylovora, suggesting that the pathogen has undergone a recent genetic bottleneck. The genome of apple, an important host of E. amylovora, has been sequenced, creating new opportunities for the study of interactions between host and pathogen during fire blight development and for the identification of resistance genes. This review includes recent advances in the genomics of both host and pathogen. C1 [Malnoy, Mickael; Martens, Stefan] Fdn Edmund Mach San Michele AllAdige, Dept Biol & Genom Fruit Plants, FEM IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Trento, Italy. [Norelli, John L.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Barny, Marie-Anne] AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR217, LIPP, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Sundin, George W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Smits, Theo H. M.; Duffy, Brion] Swiss Natl Competence Ctr Fire Blight, Agroscope Changins Wadenswil ACW, Div Plant Protect, CH-8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland. RP Malnoy, M (reprint author), Fdn Edmund Mach San Michele AllAdige, Dept Biol & Genom Fruit Plants, FEM IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Trento, Italy. EM mickael.malnoy@fmach.it RI malnoy, mickael/C-5007-2012; Martens, Stefan/B-7659-2011; OI Martens, Stefan/0000-0001-9913-4882; marie-anne, barny/0000-0002-2005-1388 NR 128 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1350-0 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 50 BP 475 EP 494 DI 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172931 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BCG17 UT WOS:000310143200023 PM 22702352 ER PT J AU Busman, M Butchko, RAE Proctor, RH AF Busman, M. Butchko, R. A. E. Proctor, R. H. TI LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the fungal pigment bikaverin in maize kernels as an indicator of ear rot SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE maize; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; mycotoxin; bikaverin; Fusarium ID FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXINS; OXYSPORUM; MONILIFORME; FUMONISINS; ACID; DNA AB Bikaverin is a polyketide-derived pigment produced by multiple species of the fungus Fusarium, some of which can cause ear and kernel rot of maize. A method was developed for the analysis of bikaverin by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The quantitative nature of the LC-MS/MS method was demonstrated over a range of concentrations of bikaverin in maize. For spike-recovery experiments utilising maize spiked with bikaverin to a level 5 mu g g(-1) of maize, the measured recovery (%) was 70.6 +/- 10.4. Based on the utilised method, the limit of detection (based on a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) >3) was better than 0.5 mu g g(-1) from bikaverin spiked into uncontaminated ground maize. Further, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 3 mu g g(-1) (based on S/N >10) from bikaverin spiked into ground maize. The method was applied to assess contamination of maize with bikaverin following inoculation of developing maize ears with Fusarium verticillioides under agricultural field conditions. C1 [Busman, M.; Butchko, R. A. E.; Proctor, R. H.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogen & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Busman, M (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogen & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mark.Busman@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1736 EP 1742 DI 10.1080/19440049.2012.704528 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 018ZB UT WOS:000309705600009 PM 22845490 ER PT B AU Finn, CE Clark, JR AF Finn, Chad E. Clark, John R. BE Badenes, ML Byrne, DH TI Blackberry SO FRUIT BREEDING SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Rubus; Hybrid berry; Raspberry Blackberry Hybrid; Trailing; Erect; Semierect Primocane-fruiting; Specialty Crops; Small Fruits ID MARION TRAILING BLACKBERRY; REPEAT SSR MARKERS; BUSHY-DWARF-VIRUS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRIMOCANE-FRUITING BLACKBERRIES; CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY; FLORAL BUD DEVELOPMENT; THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS AB Blackberries are in Rosaceae family, the Rubus genus and subgenus (formerly Eubatus). Commercial cultivars are a multispecies complex and generally do not have a species epitaph. The primary progenitor species for the cultivated blackberries are all perennial plants with biennial canes. In these species, vegetative canes called primocanes are produced the first year and after a dormant period they are called floricanes. The floricanes flower, fruit, and die while new vegetative primocanes are growing. Blackberries can be grown throughout much of the temperate regions in the world. They do best when grown on well-drained, fertile soils with adequate moisture, in regions with moderate or mild winters and moderate summertime conditions. Although blackberries are a minor crop among fruits, there have been hundreds of cultivars named ranging from wild selections to those developed from multiple cycles of selection. Initially, a germplasm pool was assembled that lead to cultivars that were commercially viable and that later had outstanding traits. Then, as sources of thornlessness were identified, breeders incorporated them into this germplasm, and eventually high-quality cultivars were developed. A primary focus of all programs is fruit quality for promoting consumption. Other objectives are disease and pest resistance, primocane-fruiting, productivity, yield, plant architecture, and thornlessness. The use of molecular and other techniques in blackberry has been very limited. The use of simple sequence repeat markers (SSR) was reported for assessing genetic similarity and fingerprinting. C1 [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Clark, John R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM finnc@hort.oregonstate.edu; jrclark@uark.edu NR 171 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0762-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 151 EP 190 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9 PG 40 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BZG38 UT WOS:000301511500005 ER PT B AU Reisch, BI Owens, CL Cousins, PS AF Reisch, Bruce I. Owens, Christopher L. Cousins, Peter S. BE Badenes, ML Byrne, DH TI Grape SO FRUIT BREEDING SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Grape Breeding; Downy Mildew; Nematode; Phylloxera; Powdery Mildew; Fruit Quality; Raisin; Seedless; Wine; Vitis; Vitis vinifera ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; EMBRYOGENIC-CELL SUSPENSIONS; FUNGAL DISEASE RESISTANCE; ALUMINUM-TOLERANCE GENE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; WINE GRAPE AB Grapes are grown worldwide, on about 7.9 million ha, and are used to produce wine, raisins, juice, jam, concentrate, and seed oils, as well as fresh fruit. Grapes (Vitis sp.) are members of the Vitaceae. Vitis includes two subgenera, Euvitis (38 chromosomes) and Muscadinia (40 chromosomes), with about 60 species in total. The primary centers of species diversity are North America and East Asia. Scion cultivars are derived chiefly from the European grape, Vitis vinifera, which was domesticated ca. 6,000-10,000 years ago in the region between the Black and Caspian Seas. Grapes spread east into Asia and west into the Mediterranean region. Rootstocks were developed from North American species, including V. riparia, V. rupestris, and V. berlandieri. Scion breeding programs focus on the development of cultivars adapted to biotic and abiotic stress, with high fruit quality, and time of ripening during desirable periods of market demand. Fungal disease resistance is a primary goal of many programs, while cold hardy cultivars help extend the limits of grape cultivation. Rootstock breeding focuses on providing protection against phylloxera and nematodes as well as adaptation to high pH, low pH, and/or water-stressed conditions. Rootstocks should propagate easily by grafting and cuttings. New cultivars are more rapidly adapted in the raisin and table grape sectors than in the wine industry, although there are several notable examples of successful wine grape cultivars developed by breeding. The availability of two published genomic DNA sequences has stimulated numerous projects to further understand the function of the ca. 30,000 grapevine genes. Marker-assisted selection, primarily for disease resistance and seedlessness, is being applied in many breeding programs. Projects that focus on breeding seedless cultivars commonly use embryo rescue techniques, enabling the crossing of two seedless parents, to increase the percentage of seedlings that are seedless. Genetic transformation is a routine procedure and is being used for both functional analysis of gene action as well as directly for cultivar improvement (both scions and rootstocks), although transgenic grape cultivars currently are not in commercial production. C1 [Reisch, Bruce I.] Cornell Univ, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Reisch, Bruce I.] Cornell Univ, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Breeding, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Owens, Christopher L.; Cousins, Peter S.] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY USA. RP Reisch, BI (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NYS Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM bruce.reisch@cornell.edu; chris.owens@ars.usda.gov; peter.cousins@ars.usda.gov NR 235 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0762-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 225 EP 262 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9 PG 38 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BZG38 UT WOS:000301511500007 ER PT B AU Kempler, C Hall, H Finn, CE AF Kempler, Chaim Hall, Harvey Finn, Chad E. BE Badenes, ML Byrne, DH TI Raspberry SO FRUIT BREEDING SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Rubus idaeus; Breeding; Resistance; Breeding history; World production; Cold hardiness; Rubus; Idaeobatus; Phytophthora rubi (root rot); Amphorophora; Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV); Primocane-fruiting; floricane-fruiting ID PHRAGMIDIUM-RUBI-IDAEI; COLD-HARDINESS RESEARCH; POSTHARVEST GRAY MOLD; BUSHY-DWARF-VIRUS; RED RASPBERRY; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; AMPHOROPHORA-IDAEI; ROOT-ROT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BERRY FRUITS AB The red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., is a valuable crop that has recently increased in production, generating a large interest in commercial ventures and in research. Traditionally, most of the crop has been sold to processors for freezing, jam production, canning, juice and flavorings for ice cream, yogurt, and other products, but in recent years fresh market production has increased and become a very important sector of this industry. There has been an increased interest in black, purple, and Arctic raspberries because of their high nutraceutical value. R. idaeus, a diploid (2n=14), is included in the ldaeobatus and is the most important commercial species in this subgenus. The flowers are hermaphroditic; however, in some cases, they are unisexual, especially among wild species. Domestication of raspberries is comparably recent as it occurred less than 500 years ago. Red raspberries are widely distributed in all temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America with the greatest diversity in China. Enriching the cultivated gene pool by incorporating the unique genetics from wild germplasm to meet the challenges that lie ahead is desired. Breeding goals are the improvement of fruit quality which includes selection for better preharvest hanging ability and postharvest shelf life and processed quality. Resistance to heat and cold and resistance to pests and disease are also important, as well as large fruit size, good presentation, and ease of harvest. Fruit color of the newer cultivars varies from very dark red to a light orange red and there has become a tradition of cultivar selection specifically for processing or for fresh market. There are now approximately 50 active raspberry breeding programs in 26 countries, mostly in Europe and North America. Use of molecular markers for genetic studies and mapping is referenced; however, in this crop, it is at an early stage with only a few genes mapped. C1 [Kempler, Chaim] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Hall, Harvey] Shekinah Berries Ltd, Motueka, New Zealand. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Kempler, C (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, POB 1000,6947 7 Highway, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. EM Chaim.kempler@agr.gc.ca; hkhall@clear.net.nz; Chad.finn@ars.usda.gov NR 134 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0762-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 263 EP 304 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9 PG 42 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BZG38 UT WOS:000301511500008 ER PT B AU Zhebentyayeva, T Ledbetter, C Burgos, L Llacer, G AF Zhebentyayeva, Tatyana Ledbetter, Craig Burgos, Lorenzo Llacer, Gerardo BE Badenes, ML Byrne, DH TI Apricot SO FRUIT BREEDING SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Prunus armeniaca; Centers of origin; Domestication; Eco-geographical groups; Breeding goals; Breeding methods; Marker Assisted Selection; PPV resistance; Fruit quality; Inheritance; Genetic maps; Molecular markers; Genomic resources; Structural and functional genomics; Transgenics ID PRUNUS-ARMENIACA L.; PLUM-POX-VIRUS; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; IMPROVE ADVENTITIOUS REGENERATION; CAROTENOGENIC GENE-EXPRESSION; COAT PROTEIN GENE; AFLP MARKERS; SELF-COMPATIBILITY; SHARKA DISEASE; LINKAGE MAPS AB Apricot is in the Rosaceae family within the genus Prunus L., subgenus Prunophora Focke, and the section Armeniaca (Lam.) Koch. Depending on the classification system, the number of apricot species ranges from 3 to 12. Six distinct species are usually recognized: P. brigantina Vill., P. holosericeae Batal, P. armeniaca L., P. mandshurica (Maxim), P. sibirica L., Japanese apricot P. mume (Sieb.) Sieb. & Succ. Vavilov placed apricot in three centers of origin: the Chinese center (Central and Western China), the Central Asiatic center (Afghanistan, northwest India and Pakistan, Kashmir, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjing province in China and western Tien-Shan), and the Near-Eastern center (interior of Asia Minor). Kostina further divided the cultivated apricot according to their adaptability into four major ecogeographical groups: (1) the Central Asian group, (2) the Iran-Caucasian group, (3) the European group, and (4) the Dzhungar-Zailij group. Many local cultivars are grown in the different areas and producing countries; however, these cultivars lack Important traits that needed by modern production and marketing systems. Breeding programs have and continue to develop cultivars with improved adaptability to the environment (temperature requirements, water deficit), extension of the harvest season, fruit quality for fresh consumption and processing, productivity, adequate tree size, and resistance to biotic stresses. The major objectives in apricot breeding programs are resistance to sharka caused by Plum Pox Virus, brown rot caused by Monilinia spp., bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Smith), Chlorotic Leaf Roll Phytoplasma, and Apricot Decline Syndrome. Among these, PPV is the most limiting factor in Europe and much work has to be invested in developing PPV-resistant apricot cultivars. Molecular markers have been developed in apricot and used mainly for construction of linkage maps and genetic diversity studies. C1 [Zhebentyayeva, Tatyana] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Ledbetter, Craig] ARS, USDA, CDP&G, SJVASC, Parlier, CA USA. [Burgos, Lorenzo] CEBAS CSIC, Murcia, Spain. [Llacer, Gerardo] IVIA, Valencia, Spain. RP Zhebentyayeva, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 116 Jordan Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM tzhebe@clemson.edu; craig.ledbetter@ars.usda.gov; burgos@cebas.csic.es; gllacer@ivia.es NR 213 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0762-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 415 EP 458 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9 PG 44 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BZG38 UT WOS:000301511500012 ER PT B AU Pereira-Lorenzo, S Ballester, A Corredoira, E Vieitez, AM Agnanostakis, S Costa, R Bounous, G Botta, R Beccaro, GL Kubisiak, TL Conedera, M Krebs, P Yamamoto, T Sawamura, Y Takada, N Gomes-Laranjo, J Ramos-Cabrer, AM AF Pereira-Lorenzo, Santiago Ballester, Antonio Corredoira, Elena Vieitez, Ana M. Agnanostakis, Sandra Costa, Rita Bounous, Giancarlo Botta, Roberto Beccaro, Gabriele L. Kubisiak, Thomas L. Conedera, Marco Krebs, Patrik Yamamoto, Toshiya Sawamura, Yutaka Takada, Norio Gomes-Laranjo, Jose Ramos-Cabrer, Ana M. BE Badenes, ML Byrne, DH TI Chestnut SO FRUIT BREEDING SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Castanea; Taxonomy; Cultivars; Rootstocks; Genetic resources; Breeding; Genomics; Transgenic; Ecophysiology ID CASTANEA-SATIVA MILL.; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; SIMPLE-SEQUENCE REPEATS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EUROPEAN CHESTNUT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SOMATIC EMBRYOS; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS; GENETIC-VARIATION; UNITED-STATES AB The genus Castanea, chestnuts and chinkapins, belongs to the family Fagaceae, which includes other important timber producing genera such as Quercus and Fagus. The genus Castanea is divided into three geographically delimited sections with at least seven consistently recognized interfertile species: 4 species in Asia (C. mollissima, C. henryi, C. seguinii, and C. crenata), two or more species in North America (C. dentata, C. ozarkensis, and C. pumila) and one in Europe and Turkey (C. saliva). The two most important diseases of chestnut are ink disease (Phytophthora) and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria). Resistance to these is the major objective for rootstock breeding in Europe and scion breeding in North America. In both cases, the source of resistance was Asian species. European breeding programs developed resistant hybrid rootstocks, which are propagated by stooling, cuttings, or in vitro culture. A major pest of chestnut is the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus whose control is based on the spread of parasitoids but also on the selection of resistant cultivars. For nut production, the most important breeding objectives include the following: good horticultural traits, product quality, suitability to storage and processing, and ease of peeling. For timber, important characters include wood quality, rapid growth, and nonchecking of wood (ring-shake). Molecular maps have been developed, which has expanded the genetic knowledge of the chestnut. An efficient genetic transformation protocol for C. saliva through the coculture of somatic embryos with different strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been described. C1 [Pereira-Lorenzo, Santiago; Ramos-Cabrer, Ana M.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Prod Vegetal, Lugo 27002, Spain. [Ballester, Antonio; Corredoira, Elena; Vieitez, Ana M.] CSIC, Inst Invest Agrobiol Galicia, Santiago De Compostela 15080, Spain. [Agnanostakis, Sandra] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Costa, Rita] Inst Nacl Recursos Biol IP Quinta Marques, P-2780159 Oeiras, Portugal. [Bounous, Giancarlo] Univ Turin, Dept Colture Arboree, FAO CIHEAM Liaison Officer Subnetwork Chestnut, ISHS Grp Chestnut, Turin, Italy. [Botta, Roberto; Beccaro, Gabriele L.] Univ Turin, Dept Colture Arboree, Grugliasco, TO, Italy. [Kubisiak, Thomas L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Conedera, Marco; Krebs, Patrik] WSL, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Bellinzona, Switzerland. [Yamamoto, Toshiya; Sawamura, Yutaka; Takada, Norio] Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058605, Japan. [Gomes-Laranjo, Jose] Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, CITAB, P-5001801 Vila Real, Portugal. RP Pereira-Lorenzo, S (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Prod Vegetal, Campus Lugo, Lugo 27002, Spain. EM santiago.pereira.lorenzo@usc.es; aballester@iiag.csic.es; elenac@iiag.csic.es; amvieitez@iiag.csic.es; Sandra.Anagnostakis@ct.gov; rita.lcosta@inrb.pt; giancarlo.bounous@unito.it; roberto.botta@unito.it; gabriele.beccaro@unito.it; tkubisiak@fs.fed.us; marco.conedera@wsl.ch; patrik.krebs@wsl.ch; toshiya@affrc.go.jp; ysawa@affrc.go.jp; ntakada@affrc.go.jp; jlaranjo@utad.pt; ana.ramos@usc.es NR 182 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0762-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 729 EP 769 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_19 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9 PG 41 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BZG38 UT WOS:000301511500019 ER PT B AU Thompson, TE Conner, PJ AF Thompson, Tommy E. Conner, Patrick J. BE Badenes, ML Byrne, DH TI Pecan SO FRUIT BREEDING SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pecan; Breeding; Genetics Host plant resistance; Insect resistance; Disease resistance; Trees; Nuts; Hickory; Plant selection; Carya illinoinensis ID CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; PHYLLOXERA HOMOPTERA; LEAF PHYLLOXERA; CULTIVARS; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; SCAB; APHIDS AB The pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, is the most economically important member of the Carya genus and is the most valuable native North American nut crop. The Carya genus is a member of the walnut family, Juglandaceae, and comprises 20 species. Over 98% of the world's annual pecan production is produced in the southern USA and northern Mexico. Pecan is a diploid (n = 16), monoecious, long-lived tree species. Owing to its heterodichogamy, pecan is primarily cross-pollinated, resulting in high heterozygosity with severe inbreeding depression when selfed. Establishment of commercial pecan orchards during the nineteenth century was mainly by planting open-pollinated nuts from mother trees possessing desirable characteristics. These orchards consist of trees with widely varying production and quality attributes due to the heterozygosity of pecan. Vegetative propagation became popular ca. 1900, and most newly planted orchards consist of a chosen combination of clonally propagated superior varieties. Clonally derived orchards are more productive and produce nuts of much higher quality than remaining native or seedling orchards. Thirteen Carya species, including pecan, are native to the USA. The National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Pecans and Hickories which preserves over 300 pecan cultivars, landraces, and species accessions was established in 1984 to describe and preserve this underutilized resource. Objectives of pecan breeding are higher yields and nut quality, and resistance to diseases and insects. Pecans are attacked by a wide range of disease and insect pests causing substantial losses to the crop. Various levels of resistance to scab and aphids are available in improved pecan varieties, and breeding programs are focusing on developing new cultivars with high levels of resistance in combination with good horticultural attributes. Another major effort in pecan breeding is the development of earlier maturing cultivars with the potential to bear more consistently over years. C1 [Thompson, Tommy E.] USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. [Conner, Patrick J.] Univ GA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. EM tommy.thompson@ars.usda.gov; pconner@uga.edu NR 95 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0762-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 771 EP 801 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_20 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9 PG 31 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BZG38 UT WOS:000301511500020 ER PT J AU LaFrentz, BR Shoemaker, CA Booth, NJ Peterson, BC Ourth, DD AF LaFrentz, Benjamin R. Shoemaker, Craig A. Booth, Natha J. Peterson, Brian C. Ourth, Donald D. TI Spleen Index and Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels in Four Channel Catfish Families Exhibiting Different Susceptibilities to Flavobacterium columnare and Edwardsiella ictaluri SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COLD-WATER DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RESISTANCE; PUNCTATUS; FISH; CHALLENGE; SURVIVAL AB Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare are two bacterial pathogens that affect channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus aquaculture. At the Catfish Genetics Research Unit (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service), some progress has been made in selectively breeding for resistance to E. ictaluri; however, the susceptibility of these families to F. columnare is not known. Our objectives were to obtain baseline information on the susceptibility of channel catfish families (maintained as part of the selective breeding program) to E. ictaluri and F. columnare and to determine whether the spleen index and plasma levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are predictive indicators of susceptibility to these pathogens. Four channel catfish families were used: family A was randomly chosen from spawns of fish that were not selectively bred for resistance; families B, C, and D were obtained after selection for resistance to E. ictaluri. All four families were immersion challenged with both bacterial pathogens; the spleen index and plasma MBL levels of unchallenged fish from each family were determined. Mean cumulative percent mortality (CPM) after E. ictaluri challenge ranged from 4% to 33% among families. Families A and B were more susceptible to F. columnare (mean CPM of three independent challenges = 95% and 93%) than families C and D (45% and 48%), demonstrating that there is genetic variation in resistance to F. columnare. Spleen index values and MBL levels were not significantly different, indicating that these metrics are not predictive indicators of F. columnare or E. ictaluri susceptibility in the four tested families. Interestingly, the two families that exhibited the highest CPM after F. columnare challenges had the lowest CPM after E. ictaluri challenge. Further research on larger numbers of families is needed to determine whether there is any genetic correlation between resistance to E. ictaluri and resistance to F. columnare. C1 [LaFrentz, Benjamin R.; Shoemaker, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Booth, Natha J.; Peterson, Brian C.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ourth, Donald D.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP LaFrentz, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM benjamin.lafrentz@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Current Research Information System Project [6420-32000-024-00D, 6402-31000-009-00D] FX We thank Ning Qin, Paige Mumma, Cindi Ware, and Monica Wood (USDA-ARS) for technical assistance and Scott LaPatra (Clear Springs Foods, Inc.) for insightful discussions and critical review of the manuscript. This research was funded by USDA-ARS Current Research Information System Project Number 6420-32000-024-00D (Integrated Aquatic Animal Health Strategies) and Project Number 6402-31000-009-00D (Genetics, Physiology, and Health). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2012 VL 24 IS 3 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1080/08997659.2012.675936 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 018YP UT WOS:000309704300002 PM 22870893 ER PT J AU Yan, XH Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL AF Yan, Xianghe Juneja, Vijay K. Fratamico, Pina M. Smith, James L. BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Omics, Microbial Modeling, and Food Safety Information Infrastructure: A Food Safety Perspective SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY; MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY; THERMAL INACTIVATION; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; METABOLIC NETWORK; TEMPERATURE; SALMONELLA C1 [Yan, Xianghe; Juneja, Vijay K.; Fratamico, Pina M.; Smith, James L.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yan, XH (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xianghe.yan@ars.usda.gov; vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; james.smith@ars.usda.gov; vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; james.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100002 ER PT J AU Yan, XH Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL AF Yan, Xianghe Juneja, Vijay K. Fratamico, Pina M. Smith, James L. BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Omics, Microbial Modeling, and Technologies in Food-borne Pathogens Preface SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Yan, Xianghe; Juneja, Vijay K.; Fratamico, Pina M.; Smith, James L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yan, XH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xianghe.yan@ars.usda.gov; vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; james.smith@ars.usda.gov; vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; james.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP XIII EP XIV PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100001 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Smith, JL AF Fratamico, Pina M. Smith, J. L. BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; ANTIGEN GENE-CLUSTER; ACID RESISTANCE; PCR AMPLIFICATION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL WORLD; UNITED-STATES; DNA-SEQUENCE; SWINE FECES AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), also known as verocytotoxin-producing E. coli, are important foodborne pathogens responsible for outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC that cause HC and HUS are also referred to as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). E. coli O157:H7 is the most commonly recognized STEC in the United States; however, many other STEC serogroups have been isolated from animals and food and have caused human illness. STEC possess a number of virulence factors, and the production of Shiga toxins (Stx1 and/or Stx2) is the most critical. Non-O157 STEC are a heterogenous group of pathogens comprising many different serogroups/serotypes that show wide genetic diversity and a broad range of virulence gene combinations, and they cause a wide range of clinical symptoms. Although some information is known concerning genes that may play a role in virulence, not much is known about which genes are more important and which gene combinations are carried by strains that are highly pathogenic. The non-O157 STEC have not received the rigorous study that E. coli O157:H7 has undergone. The use of "omics" technologies (genomics/transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of STEC and help in identifying highly pathogenic strains. This chapter covers molecular serotyping of E. coli/STEC, epidemiology, virulence factors, stress tolerance, quorum sensing, molecular analysis, and SNP typing, with the main emphasis on E. coli O157:H7. The methods used for E. coli O157:H7 should also be applicable for studying non-O157 STEC. C1 [Fratamico, Pina M.; Smith, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; james.smith@ars.usda.gov; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; james.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 17 EP 41 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100003 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Paoli, G AF Smith, James L. Paoli, George BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Emerging Foodborne Pathogens SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEPATITIS-E-VIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H; DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DISEASE; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; STREPTOCOCCUS-SUIS SEROTYPE-2; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MEMBRANE PROTEIN-A; CRONOBACTER ENTEROBACTER-SAKAZAKII; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CYTOLETHAL DISTENDING TOXIN AB The emergence of new foodborne pathogens is due to a number of factors. An important factor is the globalization of the food supply with the possibility of the introduction of foodborne pathogens from other countries. Animal husbandry, food production, food processing, and food distribution systems have become large, high-intensity industries that can extend through several states or even countries, and the presence of a pathogen in food can spread to a very large number of consumers. The increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals due to disease, cancer, organ and tissue transplants, and old age increases the numbers of individuals that are more susceptible to foodborne illness. Changes in eating habits, such as increased willingness to try new foods and increased "eating-out", increased international business travel, and tourism may expose individuals to foods prepared and handled in an unsanitary manner. Microorganisms evolve in response to selection by environmental factors, may cross species barriers, gain virulence factors such as genes for toxin production or may increase toxin production. Therefore the emergence of new foodborne pathogens is due to a number of factors involving humans, the environment, microorganisms, and food production. Microorganisms that have the potential to become important new foodborne pathogens include hepatitis E virus, community-associated Clostridium difficile, Arcobacter species, adult-associated Cronobacter species, Streptococcus suis, and sorbitol-fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H. C1 [Smith, James L.; Paoli, George] ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM james.smith@ars.usda.gov; george.paoli@ars.usda.gov; james.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 258 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 181 EP 231 PG 51 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100009 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Chen, HF AF Wang, Shiliang Chen, Haifeng BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Pathogenic Vibrio SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANNOSE-SENSITIVE HEMAGGLUTININ; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS; CHOLERA-TOXIN PROPHAGE; CLASSICAL CTX PROPHAGE; O1 EL-TOR; PANDEMIC STRAINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION C1 [Wang, Shiliang] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Chen, Haifeng] USDA, Div Mol Biol, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC USA. RP Wang, SL (reprint author), J Craig Venter Inst, 9704 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM shiliang@jcvi.org; haifeng.chen@fda.hhs.gov NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 233 EP 268 PG 36 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100010 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, Lihan BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Methods for Mathematical Modeling of Microbial Growth in Food Systems SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; PREDICTION; BEEF C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 371 EP 387 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100014 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, Thomas P. BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Innovative Modeling Approaches for Risk Assessments in Food Safety SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIMULATION-MODEL; SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN; POULTRY; TIME C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Food Sci & Technol Bldg, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM thomas.oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 389 EP 422 PG 34 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100015 ER PT J AU Liu, GE AF Liu, George E. BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Next Generation Sequencers: Methods and Applications in Foodborne Pathogens SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMPLICON PYROSEQUENCING BTEFAP; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; HUMAN GENOME; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; VIRAL GENOME; GUT MICROBES; RNA-SEQ; REVEALS AB Next generation sequencers are able to produce millions of short sequence reads in a high-throughput, low-cost way. The emergence of these technologies has not only facilitated genome sequencing, but has also started to change the landscape of life sciences. This chapter will survey the methods and applications of next generation sequencers in whole-genome sequencing and resequencing, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq ranging from structural, functional and comparative genomics to metagenomics and epigenetics. We are beginning to witness broad impacts of these next generation sequencers on food safety, including the detection, identification and analysis of foodborne pathogens. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BAR, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BAR, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM george.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 531 EP 551 PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100019 ER PT J AU Bai, L Yan, XH Biswas, S Fratamico, P AF Bai, Li Yan, Xianghe Biswas, Saroj Fratamico, Pina BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI RFID Technologies for Inspection of Imported Foods SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROBIAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; LAG PHASE; GROWTH; SAFETY; PRODUCTS; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; MEAT AB Foodborne illnesses typically occur due to contamination of food products with Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and other pathogens. Unfortunately, it takes several weeks to identify the source of such contamination, possibly due to lack of a central database system that is capable of tracking food products and a real-time food safety decision tool. In addition, the volume of imported foods to the U.S. has been increasing at an alarming rate since 1994, which makes inspection at port-of-entry a daunting task. It is important to develop an information infrastructure for food safety using a sustainable Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) system. The system consists of: a) a passive RFID interface for sensing of shipped items; b) a portable hand-held system for automatic data logging and alerts; and c) a central database system for food safety data and coordination. This system can facilitate automatic data logging and real-time data reporting, networking, and coordination among the various users of food safety information, from production to consumption. Successful implementation of the system can be expanded in the future to a comprehensive food safety and risk assessment system for tracking all food products within the U.S. C1 [Bai, Li; Biswas, Saroj] Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Yan, Xianghe; Fratamico, Pina] USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bai, L (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM lbai@temple.edu; xianghe.yan@ars.usda.gov; sbiswas@temple.edu; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 603 EP 614 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100022 ER PT S AU Vose, JM Ford, CR Laseter, S Dymond, S Sun, G Adams, MB Sebestyen, S Campbell, J Luce, C Amatya, D Elder, K Heartsill-Scalley, T AF Vose, James M. Ford, Chelcy R. Laseter, Stephanie Dymond, Salli Sun, Ge Adams, Mary Beth Sebestyen, Stephen Campbell, John Luce, Charles Amatya, Devendra Elder, Kelly Heartsill-Scalley, Tamara BE Webb, AA Bonell, M Bren, L Lane, PNJ McGuire, D Neary, DG Nettles, J Scott, DF Stednick, JD Wang, YH TI Can forest watershed management mitigate climate change effects on water resources? SO REVISITING EXPERIMENTAL CATCHMENT STUDIES IN FOREST HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Commiss Water Resources Systems, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO-IHP, Forests NSW, USDA, Forest Serv, Chinese Acad Forestry, Weyerhaeuser CO, Colorado State Univ DE United States Forest Service paired watersheds; climate change; stream flow; forest management; interactions ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; TRENDS; PINE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION; CATCHMENT; BALANCE; TRANSPIRATION; ECOHYDROLOGY AB Long-term hydrology and climate data from United States Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges (EFR) provide critical information on the interactions among climate, streamflow, and forest management practices. We examined the relationships among streamflow responses to climate variation and forest management using long-term data. Analysis of climate data from a subset of EFRs suggested an increase in air temperature over the past 20-30 years. Streamflow increased initially after cutting for all sites and cutting treatments, but the longer term responses vary considerably across sites and treatments. Streamflow response following cutting without vegetation conversion depends on variation in treatment, soils, vegetation, and climatic regimes among sites. Statistical models indicate that many of the management treatments result in forest stand structure and species composition interact with climate differently than the unmanaged reference stand, indicating that forest management may exacerbate or mitigate the effects of future climatic conditions. C1 [Vose, James M.; Ford, Chelcy R.; Laseter, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Vose, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jvose@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-31-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 353 BP 12 EP 25 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BCB17 UT WOS:000309564600003 ER PT S AU Neary, D Hayes, D Rustad, L Vose, J Gottfried, G Sebesteyn, S Johnson, S Swanson, F Adams, M AF Neary, Daniel Hayes, Deborah Rustad, Lindsey Vose, James Gottfried, Gerald Sebesteyn, Stephen Johnson, Sherri Swanson, Fred Adams, Mary BE Webb, AA Bonell, M Bren, L Lane, PNJ McGuire, D Neary, DG Nettles, J Scott, DF Stednick, JD Wang, YH TI US Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges Network: a continental research platform for catchment-scale research SO REVISITING EXPERIMENTAL CATCHMENT STUDIES IN FOREST HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Commiss Water Resources Systems, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO-IHP, Forests NSW, USDA, Forest Serv, Chinese Acad Forestry, Weyerhaeuser CO, Colorado State Univ DE watersheds; paired catchments; research network; USA ID MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM; FLOW AB The US Forest Service initiated its catchment research program in 1909 with the first paired catchment study at Wagon Wheel Gap, Colorado, USA. It has since developed the Experimental Forests and Ranges Network, with over 80 long-term research study sites located across the contiguous USA, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Caribbean. This network provides a unique, powerful continental research platform for study of complex environmental and societal problems at the local, regional and landscape scale. The study of water and ecosystems through paired catchment studies has been an integral component of many of these studies since establishment in the early and mid 1900s. The Forest Service continues to maintain and develop a robust programme, emphasizing long-term research on watershed science. This paper gives an overview of US Forest Service catchment research, emphasizing paired-catchment studies, and highlighting important advances in ecosystem science and "lessons learned" over the last century of research. C1 [Neary, Daniel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Neary, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dneary@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-31-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 353 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BCB17 UT WOS:000309564600007 ER PT S AU Gottfried, G Neary, D Ffolliott, P Koestner, K AF Gottfried, Gerald Neary, Daniel Ffolliott, Peter Koestner, Karen BE Webb, AA Bonell, M Bren, L Lane, PNJ McGuire, D Neary, DG Nettles, J Scott, DF Stednick, JD Wang, YH TI Cascabel prescribed fire long-term watershed study: an opportunity to monitor climate change SO REVISITING EXPERIMENTAL CATCHMENT STUDIES IN FOREST HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Commiss Water Resources Systems, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO-IHP, Forests NSW, USDA, Forest Serv, Chinese Acad Forestry, Weyerhaeuser CO, Colorado State Univ DE hydrology; experimental watersheds; oak savannas; fire effects; prescribed fire; climate change; ecosystem monitoring; southwestern United States; Southwestern Borderlands Region AB Experimental watershed studies can provide answers to new challenges facing land managers and society including the impacts of fires and climate change on upstream and regional hydrology. The Cascabel Watersheds long-term prescribed fire study provides a unique opportunity to monitor climate change because of its location in an oak savanna situated between deserts or grasslands and the higher elevation oak-pine woodlands of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Continuing studies on the Cascabel Watersheds in southwestern New Mexico are evaluating the effects of cool-season prescribed fires (November-April), warm-season prescribed fires (May-October) and a wildfire on a range of physical and biological characteristics. The study is being conducted on 12 gauged watersheds ranging in size from 8 to 24 ha. Ecosystem data are collected at permanent locations. The large foundation of physical and biological records from the Cascabel Watersheds provides a basis for evaluating potential future climate change in the region. C1 [Gottfried, Gerald] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. RP Gottfried, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2324 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. EM ggottfried@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-31-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 353 BP 144 EP 153 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BCB17 UT WOS:000309564600017 ER PT S AU Neary, DG AF Neary, Daniel G. BE Webb, AA Bonell, M Bren, L Lane, PNJ McGuire, D Neary, DG Nettles, J Scott, DF Stednick, JD Wang, YH TI Forest paired catchment studies of water quality: past, present, and future SO REVISITING EXPERIMENTAL CATCHMENT STUDIES IN FOREST HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Commiss Water Resources Systems, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO-IHP, Forests NSW, USDA, Forest Serv, Chinese Acad Forestry, Weyerhaeuser CO, Colorado State Univ DE water quality; hydrology; experimental catchments; forest disturbances; climate change ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; STREAM TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENT BUDGETS; LAND-USE; MOUNTAIN-CATCHMENTS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; SITE PREPARATION AB Forested catchments throughout the world are renowned for producing high quality water for human use. In the 20th century, experimental forest catchment studies played a key role in studying the processes contributing to high water quality. The hydrologic processes investigated on these paired catchments have provided the science base for examining water quality responses to natural disturbances such as wildfire, insect outbreaks, and extreme hydrologic events, and human-induced disturbances such as timber harvesting, site preparation, prescribed fires, fertilizer applications, pesticide usage, rainfall acidification, and mining. This paper examines some key scientific breakthroughs of the past, current research on water quality topics of concern, and the potential for using paired experimental catchments in the future for monitoring the effects of climate change on water quality. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dneary@fs.fed.us NR 156 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-31-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 353 BP 169 EP 184 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BCB17 UT WOS:000309564600019 ER PT S AU Hunsaker, CT Neary, DG AF Hunsaker, Carolyn T. Neary, Daniel G. BE Webb, AA Bonell, M Bren, L Lane, PNJ McGuire, D Neary, DG Nettles, J Scott, DF Stednick, JD Wang, YH TI Sediment loads and erosion in forest headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California SO REVISITING EXPERIMENTAL CATCHMENT STUDIES IN FOREST HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Commiss Water Resources Systems, Int Commiss Surface Water, Int Commiss Water Qual, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO-IHP, Forests NSW, USDA, Forest Serv, Chinese Acad Forestry, Weyerhaeuser CO, Colorado State Univ DE erosion; sediment loads; headwater streams; forest management AB Defining best management practices for forests requires quantification of the variability of stream sediment loads for managed and unmanaged forest conditions and their associated sediment sources. Although "best management practices" are used, the public has concerns about effects from forest restoration activities and commercial timber harvests. It is necessary to know the current and/or natural range of variability to be able to determine if management activity has a significant negative impact; only long-term research can provide such data. The Forest Service in the United States has such long-term watershed research. An annual sediment load from a watershed is determined by emptying a sediment basin located in the stream channel at the end of a water year. Sediment fences, stream bank pins, survey techniques, and turbidity sensors provide measurements that can be used to determine the sources of sediment. The importance of having an undisturbed watershed for "natural range of variability" to compare with watersheds previously or currently under active management is illustrated. For example, at the Kings River Experimental Watersheds one of the managed watersheds in the rain and snow zone, produced 1.8, 15.2, and 18.7 kg/ha for water years 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. The increase in sediment accumulation correlates with an increase in yearly precipitation. The undisturbed watershed and the snow-dominated watersheds produce similar, and sometimes higher, sediment loads for these same years. C1 [Hunsaker, Carolyn T.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Hunsaker, CT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM chunsaker@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-31-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 353 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Water Resources GA BCB17 UT WOS:000309564600021 ER PT J AU Pulido-Landinez, M Laviniki, V Sanchez-Ingunza, R Guard, J do Nascimento, VP AF Pulido-Landinez, Martha Laviniki, Vanessa Sanchez-Ingunza, Roxana Guard, Jean do Nascimento, Vladimir Pinheiro TI Use of FTA Cards for the Transport of DNA Samples of Salmonella spp. from Poultry Products from Southern Brazil SO ACTA SCIENTIAE VETERINARIAE LA Portuguese DT Article DE FTA cards; Salmonella enterica; biohazard; PCR ID FILTER-PAPER; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; DISEASE VIRUS; PCR; TEMPLATE AB Background: The contamination of products with Salmonella is a major threat to the poultry industry because the possible transmission to humans and animals can produce a huge negative impact. The diversity of Salmonella enterica serotypes complicates the diagnostic systems and the transport. of live cultures to the diagnostic labs may represent a biohazard, Current methods for serotyping using antibodies do not work well for many Salmonella serotypes and reagents are not often available. For these reasons, methods that assign serotype by the analysis of DNA are preferred. One step that is currently in development is streamlining methods for DNA submission to the laboratories for sequencing. For this purpose, we investigated filter papers commercially available (Hinders Technology Associates - FTA) to ship DNA samples, Filter papers are impregnated with a chemical formulation that lyses cells, immobilizes DNA, and protects it from degradation. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of the FTA cards for transporting Salmonella DNA samples in order to reduce biohazards and if they would yield enough DNA in quantity and quality for molecular analyses, Material, Methods & Results: In this study 156 samples of Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Hadar, Gallinarum, Typhimurium, Agona and Pullorum were isolated from poultry products and environments in southern Brazil. Samples were stored in the Avian Diagnostic and Research Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Following instructions for spotting cards with cell cultures at a density that visually matched a McFarland Turbidity Standard 0,5; they were shipped to the Agriculture Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS, Athens, GA-USA), using FTA cards. Upon the reception of the cards, safety testing was performed by transferring one disk from each sample into 10 mL of brain heart infusion (BHI) tubes and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The BHI tube that showed turbidity after incubation was transferred to brilliant green (BG) agar and incubated at 37 degrees C. for 24 h to 48 h. If colonies were obtained in BG, biochemical analyses were performed by using the Enterotube method. Only one sample (S. Enteritidis) showed turbidity in BHI, but any bacterial growth was observed in the BG agar. The average DNA concentration, as measured by spectrophotometry, was 42,32 (+/-9,84) ng/mu L and the average 280/260 ratio was 1,9 (+/-0,09). All the analyzed samples were negative for live cultures of Salmonella and the DNA obtained was suitable for molecular testing. Discussion: FTA cards can be used to transport DNA samples from pathogenic bacteria, reducing biohazards associated with shipping live cultures. The possibility of shipping DNA, in an economic and safe way, for testing samples at the laboratories facilitates the identification of Salmonella enterica serotypes that are circulating in the environment of poultry. Turbidity in BHI tubes that did not result in colonies on agar media may be caused by the presence of other contaminants such as environmental saprophytic microorganisms that may occurred during the process of handling the cards. DNA samples of Salmonella enterica shipped from Brazil to the United States for this set of isolates did not show bacterial growth. Thus the FTA cards provided safe and effective inactivation of the pathogen, and the DNA obtained from the cards were adequate for downstream analyses. C1 [Pulido-Landinez, Martha; Laviniki, Vanessa; do Nascimento, Vladimir Pinheiro] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, PPGCV, BR-91540000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Pulido-Landinez, Martha] Univ Nacl Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. [Sanchez-Ingunza, Roxana; Guard, Jean] ARS, ESQRU, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Pulido-Landinez, M (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, PPGCV, Av Bento Goncalves 9090, BR-91540000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM mpulidola@unal.edu.co RI Nascimento, Vladimir/G-5593-2012 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL PI PORTO ALEGRE RS PA FAC VET, CAIXA POSTAL 15017, PORTO ALEGRE RS, 91501-570, BRAZIL SN 1678-0345 J9 ACTA SCI VET JI Acta Sci. Vet. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 4 AR 1073 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 015MP UT WOS:000309450600008 ER PT J AU Milagro, FI Gomez-Abellan, P Campion, J Martinez, JA Ordovas, JM Garaulet, M AF Milagro, Fermin I. Gomez-Abellan, Purificacion Campion, Javier Alfredo Martinez, J. Ordovas, Jose M. Garaulet, Marta TI CLOCK, PER2 and BMAL1 DNA Methylation: Association with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Characteristics and Monounsaturated Fat Intake SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Biomarker; Cytosine methylation; Epigenetics; MassARRAY; MUFA ID PROMOTER METHYLATION; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; GENES; EXPRESSION; SLEEP; NUTRITION; SHIFTWORK; VARIANTS; RHYTHM AB The circadian clock system instructs 24-h rhythmicity on gene expression in essentially all cells, including adipocytes, and epigenetic mechanisms may participate in this regulation. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) features in clock gene methylation and the involvement of these epigenetic modifications in the outcomes. Sixty normal-weight, overweight and obese women followed a 16-weeks weight reduction program. DNA methylation levels at different CpG sites of CLOCK, BMAL1 and PER2 genes were analyzed by Sequenom's MassARRAY in white blood cells obtained before the treatment. Statistical differences between normal-weight and overweight + obese subjects were found in the methylation status of different CpG sites of CLOCK (CpGs 1, 5-6, 8 and 11-14) and, with lower statistical significance, in BMAL1 (CpGs 6-7, 8, 15 and 16-17). The methylation pattern of different CpG sites of the three genes showed significant associations with anthropometric parameters such as body mass index and adiposity, and with a MetS score. Moreover, the baseline methylation levels of CLOCK CpG 1 and PER2 CpGs 2-3 and 25 correlated with the magnitude of weight loss. Interestingly, the percentage of methylation of CLOCK CpGs 1 and 8 showed associations with the intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study demonstrates for the first time an association between methylation status of CpG sites located in clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1 and PER2) with obesity, MetS and weight loss. Moreover, the methylation status of different CpG sites in CLOCK and PER2 could be used as biomarkers of weight-loss success, particularly CLOCK CPGs 5-6. (Author correspondence: garaulet@um.es) C1 [Gomez-Abellan, Purificacion; Garaulet, Marta] Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Physiol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Milagro, Fermin I.; Campion, Javier; Alfredo Martinez, J.] Univ Navarra, Dept Nutr & Food Sci Physiol & Toxicol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados Alimentac IMDEA, Madrid, Spain. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Physiol, Campus Espinardo S-N, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es RI Milagro, Fermin/F-2315-2015; OI Milagro, Fermin/0000-0002-3228-9916; Martinez Hernandez, J Alfredo/0000-0001-5218-6941 FU Linea Especial of the University of Navarra [LE/97]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) [BFU2011-24720] FX Supported by the Linea Especial LE/97 of the University of Navarra and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN; Ref: BFU2011-24720). The authors report no conflicts of interests. NR 46 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 35 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0742-0528 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1180 EP 1194 DI 10.3109/07420528.2012.719967 PG 15 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 016XL UT WOS:000309553100003 PM 23003921 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Jones, WA AF Zhao, L. Jones, W. A. TI Expression of heat shock protein genes in insect stress responses SO ISJ-INVERTEBRATE SURVIVAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE heat shock protein (Hsp); gene expression; abiotic stress; biotic stress ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS; UP-REGULATION; FLESH FLY; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; AQUATIC LARVAE; THERMAL-STRESS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; BOMBYX-MORI; TOLERANCE AB The heat shock proteins (Hsps) that are abundantly expressed in insects are important modulators of insect survival. The expression of different Hsp genes are induced and modulated in insects in response to environmental inputs including abiotic stresses such as heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, chemical pesticides, as well as biotic stresses such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and other insects. This minireview will provide useful information related to the expression of Hsp genes in response to abiotic and biotic stressors as well as developmental regulation and modulation of Hsp genes involved with insect survival. C1 [Zhao, L.; Jones, W. A.] ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhao, L (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, USDA, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Liming.zhao@ars.usda.gov; walker.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 78 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 63 PU INVERTEBRATE SURVIVAL JOURNAL PI MODENA PA C/O ENZO OTTAVIANI UNIV MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA, DEPT BIOLOGIA ANIMALE, VIA CAMPI, 213-D, MODENA, 41100, ITALY SN 1824-307X J9 ISJ-INVERT SURVIV J JI ISJ-Invertebr. Surviv. J. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 017PA UT WOS:000309601300009 ER PT J AU Stanley, D AF Stanley, D. TI Aging and immunosenescence in invertebrates SO ISJ-INVERTEBRATE SURVIVAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE invertebrates; immunity; aging; immunosenescence; C. elegans; Drosophila ID EPITHELIAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INNATE IMMUNITY; APIS-MELLIFERA; SENESCENCE; DEFENSE; WORKERS; AGE; INFECTION AB Most contemporary research into aging is driven by interest in the human aging process and in interventions that attenuate the normal and pathophysiological effects of aging, or senescence. Operationally, senescence is the progressive, inevitable breakdown of the organism. Among the changes associated with senescence is the diminished capacity of the immune systems and reactions to challenge, known as immunosenescence. Senescence and age-related immunosenescence has been recorded in several invertebrates, including insects. Two invertebrates, the worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are model organisms for research into mechanisms of senescence and of prolonged life spans. In this essay, I will treat some of the available information on immunosenescence in invertebrates. The purpose is to move away from trying to understand human senescence and toward generating new ideas around the application of research into invertebrate immunosenescence to contemporary and emerging problems in aquatic and terrestrial agriculture. I cover mechanisms of senescence, beginning with the original idea of increasing oxidative damage and moving to more recent views. I provide a thumb-nail sketch of insect immunity as a model for the generality of complex invertebrates, then discuss selected examples of immunosenescence in invertebrates. In some instances, changes that look like immunosenescence may be physiological resource trade-offs and I highlight a few examples. Finally, I complete the essay with a few remarks on the potential practical significance of research to understand immunosenescence in invertebrates. C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 35 PU INVERTEBRATE SURVIVAL JOURNAL PI MODENA PA C/O ENZO OTTAVIANI UNIV MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA, DEPT BIOLOGIA ANIMALE, VIA CAMPI, 213-D, MODENA, 41100, ITALY SN 1824-307X J9 ISJ-INVERT SURVIV J JI ISJ-Invertebr. Surviv. J. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 BP 102 EP 109 PG 8 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 017PA UT WOS:000309601300010 ER PT S AU French, AD AF French, Alfred D. BA Horton, D BF Horton, D TI COMBINING COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE OF CELLULOSE SO ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 67 SE Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; METHYL-BETA-CELLOBIOSIDE; NATIVE RAMIE CELLULOSE; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; AB-INITIO; ELECTRON-DENSITY C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 197 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2318 BN 978-0-12-396527-1 J9 ADV CARBOHYD CHEM BI JI Adv. Carbohydr .Chem. Biochem. PY 2012 VL 67 BP 19 EP 93 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-396527-1.00002-4 PG 75 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BBU35 UT WOS:000308197100002 PM 22794182 ER PT J AU Leigh, SA Branton, SL Evans, JD Collier, SD AF Leigh, S. A. Branton, S. L. Evans, J. D. Collier, S. D. TI Effect of infection route and concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination on Mycoplasma gallisepticum disease pathology in an experimental model SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-STRAIN; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; MIXED INFECTION; EGG-PRODUCTION; CHICKENS; PATHOGENICITY; HENS; PARAMETERS; SYNOVIAE; VACCINES AB The study of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is needed, not only to understand the disease process but also to understand the mechanisms by which MG vaccines protect the host. Many model systems have been used to study the MG disease process. This work compared two different routes of infection (intratracheal versus eye drop) in commercial pullets, looking for differences in the pathology (air sac and tracheal lesion scores, and tracheal mucosal thickness) and the humoral immune response (measured by serum plate agglutination) of the host. The impact of concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination on disease outcomes was also determined. Results showed that the intratracheal route of MG infection caused increased air sac and tracheal lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thickness at one week post infection, whereas the eye drop route produced no noticeable pathology. However, tracheal mucosal thicknesses of intratracheally challenged pullets were not statistically different from those of the eye drop challenged or control pullets at two and three weeks post infection. Concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination had a negligible outcome on disease pathology. Vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with the F-strain MG vaccine completely protected them against the effects of MG intratracheal infectious challenge, as evidenced by a lack of significant difference in air sac and tracheal lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thickness with those of unchallenged media control chickens. C1 [Leigh, S. A.; Branton, S. L.; Evans, J. D.; Collier, S. D.] ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Leigh, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM spencer.leigh@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1080/03079457.2012.721925 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 015EJ UT WOS:000309428000013 PM 23025670 ER PT J AU Hse, CY Shupe, TF Pan, H Feng, F AF Hse, Chung Y. Shupe, Todd F. Pan, Hui Feng, Fu TI Veneer-Reinforced Particleboard for Exterior Structural Composition Board SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE; STRAND CORE; FACES; PLYWOOD; PANELS AB Two experiments were performed to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of panels consisting of a veneer face and a particleboard core composed of mixed wood particles/powdered-recycled polyethylene (PE) bag waste (MWP) using urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin as a binder. The addition of 25 percent powdered-recycled PE bag waste to the MWP panels did not adversely affect nonaged bonding strength but did result in substantial improvement in internal bond (IB) retention after a 24-hour water soak and improved dimensional stability. Average MWP panel IB retention was more than 300 percent higher than the IB retention of wood particle (WP) panels and MWP thickness swell and linear expansion were 70 and 44 percent lower, respectively, than the values for WP panels. For the veneer overlay composite, the mean modulus of rupture (MOR) parallel to the surface grain veneer (MOR parallel to) was lowest (3,668.2 pounds per square inch [psi]) for panels with two veneers cross-laminated on each face over a WP core. Conversely, MOR parallel to was greatest (8,535.6 psi) for panels with single 1/8-inch veneers on each face over an MWP core. However, the large percentage of shear failure when stressed parallel to face veneer grain hindered an accurate determination of true MOR. As expected, all specimens tested in bending parallel to the surface grain of the veneers resulted in higher modulus of elasticity (MOE) than those tested perpendicular to the grain. For a single veneer overlay on each face, it is interesting to note that thinner veneers (i.e., 1/8 in.) resulted in higher MOE than thicker veneers (i.e., 3/16 in.). C1 [Hse, Chung Y.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pan, Hui] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dean Lee Res Sta, Alexandria, LA USA. [Feng, Fu] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hse, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. EM chse@fs.fed.us; tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu; hpan@agcenter.lsu.edu; feng@caf.ac.cn NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 009HQ UT WOS:000309017300009 ER PT S AU Xu, YZ Wang, CP Chu, FX Frihart, CR Lorenz, LF Stark, NM AF Xu, Yuzhi Wang, Chunpeng Chu, Fuxiang Frihart, Charles R. Lorenz, Linda F. Stark, Nicole M. BE Wang, D TI Chemical Modification of Soy Flour Protein and Its Properties SO MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENERGY APPLICATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials for Environmental Protection and Energy Application (MEPEA) CY SEP 27-28, 2011 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA DE Soy flour protein; Acylation; Cross-linking; Adhesion strength; FTIR-ATR ID FILM FORMATION; CONFORMATION; SYSTEMS AB This work is to examine ways to chemically modify soy proteins flours and analyze the results and determine the adhesive performance. Reaction with acetic anhydride converts amine and hydroxyl groups to amides and esters, respectively that are less polar and can make the adhesive more water resistant. The succinic anhydride reacts with these same groups but the products have terminal carboxylic acid groups that can react with the polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin that is used to cross-link the soy adhesives for improving bond strength. The attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) is used to examine changes in the soy flour in going from unmodified to acetylated and succinylated state. C1 [Xu, Yuzhi; Wang, Chunpeng; Chu, Fuxiang] Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Chem Ind Forest Prod, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yuzhi; Frihart, Charles R.; Lorenz, Linda F.; Stark, Nicole M.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Xu, YZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Chem Ind Forest Prod, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xuyzz@hotmail.com; cfrihart@fs.fed.us; llorenz@fs.fed.us; nstark@fs.fed.us FU CAF-INT [2009C03] FX This work is partially supported by CAF-INT Grant #2009C03 to Y. Xu. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03785-256-9 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2012 VL 343-344 BP 875 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.343-344.875 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BCA22 UT WOS:000309383700145 ER PT S AU Li, FJ Wang, CL He, D Liu, YQ Chen, MH Wang, YR Li, FJ Yang, ZH Chen, G AF Li, Fengjuan Wang, Changlu He, Dong Liu, Yaqiong Chen, Mianhua Wang, Yurong Li, Fengjuan Yang, ZhaoHui Chen, Grace BE Wang, D TI Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Castor (Ricinus communis L.) using RAPD Markers SO MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENERGY APPLICATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials for Environmental Protection and Energy Application (MEPEA) CY SEP 27-28, 2011 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA DE Germplasm; RAPD; Molecule marker; cluster; analysis; Abbreviations; RAPD; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; HSW; 100-seed weight; UPGMA; Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means cluster analysis; GS; Genetic similarity AB RAPD markers are used to study the genetic diversity of the main planting on 37 castor varieties widely cultivated in china according to the oil content and other characteristic of different castor varieties. Genetic distance of 37 Chinese castor varieties is studied by RAPD markers analysis. RAPD analysis shows that a total of 122 bands arc amplified from random primers of 20 S series, including 71 polymorphic bands with polymorphic rate of 58.20%. 37 castor beans are divided into four major groups in the phylogenetic tree. One castor germplasm is included in 1, 2, 3 groups respectively, and two sub-groups are included in the 4 major group. C1 [Li, Fengjuan; Wang, Changlu; He, Dong; Liu, Yaqiong; Chen, Mianhua; Wang, Yurong; Li, Fengjuan; Yang, ZhaoHui] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Food Nutr & Safety, 1038 Dagu Nan Rd, Tianjin 300222, Peoples R China. [Chen, Grace] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Food Nutr & Safety, 1038 Dagu Nan Rd, Tianjin 300222, Peoples R China. EM fengjuanli@gmail.com; changluwang2009@gmail.com NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03785-256-9 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2012 VL 343-344 BP 981 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.343-344.981 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BCA22 UT WOS:000309383700161 ER PT J AU Bebak, J Garcia, JC Darwish, A AF Bebak, Julie Garcia, Julio C. Darwish, Ahmed TI Effect of Copper Sulfate on Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Channel Catfish Fingerlings SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPOSURE; TROUT; RAINBOW AB Motile Aeromonas septicemia results from primary or secondary infection with bacteria from Aeromonas spp., including Aeromonas hydrophila. Since 2009, an emerging strain of A. hydrophila has been associated, as a primary pathogen, with significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. catfish industry. Two 2 x 2 factorial experiments with five replicates were conducted to evaluate whether copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4) at a concentration of 1% of total alkalinity (total alkalinity = 98 mg/L as CaCO3; total hardness = 60 mg/L as CaCO3; pH = 7.4) can reduce mortality of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus after their exposure to this emerging strain of A. hydrophila. In experiment 1, fingerling channel catfish received an 18-h continuous bath exposure to CuSO4 after A. hydrophila challenge. Survival in the treatments challenged with A. hydrophila, both when exposed or unexposed to CuSO4, was significantly lower than survival in sham-exposed controls. Fish exposed to A. hydrophila and treated with copper sulfate had the lowest percent survival, at 18% (SE, 7.0), and survival was significantly different from the treatment in which fish were exposed to A. hydrophila but not treated with copper sulfate. In experiment 2, fish received a 4-h pretreatment with CuSO4 before exposure to A. hydrophila plus a 4-h treatment the next day. In experiment 2, when fish were exposed to A. hydrophila but not CuSO4, survival was 80.0% (SE, 5.5). For fish exposed to A. hydrophila and to CuSO4, survival was 50.0% (SE, 3.2). The percent mortality in the treatment exposed to A. hydrophila and to CuSO4 was signficantly different from all of the other treatments. This study demonstrated that, under these experimental conditions, CuSO4 application reduced survival when used as a treatment for infection of fingerling channel catfish with this strain of A. hydrophila. C1 [Bebak, Julie; Garcia, Julio C.] USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Darwish, Ahmed] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. RP Bebak, J (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM jbebakwilliams@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems [6420-32000-024-00D] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems Project Number 6420-32000-024-00D. This research was conducted in compliance with all relevant federal guidelines and institutional policies. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 4 BP 494 EP 498 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.685212 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014OR UT WOS:000309385900010 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG AF Bosworth, Brian G. TI Effects of Winter Feeding on Growth, Body Composition, and Processing Traits of Co-Cultured Blue Catfish, Channel Catfish, and Channel Catfish x Blue Catfish Hybrids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-PROTEIN CONCENTRATION; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; REGIMEN; WEIGHT; F-1 AB The effects of winter feeding on growth, body composition, and processing yield were compared for co-cultured blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, channel catfish I. punctatus, and channel catfish x blue catfish hybrids. Fish (similar to 0.4-0.7 kg) from each genetic group were stocked communally at 5,625 fish/ha in ten 0.04-ha ponds during mid-November. Fish in five ponds were fed at 2% of initial body weight twice per week; fish in the other five ponds were not fed. The study was terminated after 14 weeks, and fish were weighed and processed. Analyzed traits were weight change (%), survival, and yields (%) of carcass, shank fillet, nugget, head, viscera, skin, intraperitoneal fat, liver, and ovary. Among fed fish, hybrids gained the most weight, channel catfish had intermediate weight gain, and blue catfish gained the least weight. Unfed blue catfish lost more weight than unfed channel catfish and hybrids. Survival was not different among genetic groups or between feeding regimes. Interactions among main effects for processing and body composition traits made generalizations difficult, but carcass yield was consistently higher for blue catfish and hybrids than for channel catfish, higher for females than for males, and higher for fed fish than for unfed fish. Shank fillet yield was higher for hybrids than for blue catfish and channel catfish, higher for females than for males, and higher for fed fish than for unfed fish. Nugget yield was higher for blue catfish than for channel catfish and hybrids and was higher for fed fish than for unfed fish. Blue catfish and hybrids had higher intraperitoneal fat yield and lower liver and ovary yield than channel catfish. Fed fish had higher intraperitoneal fat and liver yield than unfed fish. Winter feeding improved growth and fillet yield in all groups, but the benefits of winter feeding were lower for blue catfish than for channel catfish and hybrid catfish. C1 ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 39, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.bosworth@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 4 BP 553 EP 559 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.686958 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014OR UT WOS:000309385900018 ER PT J AU Young, MK Schmetterling, DA AF Young, Michael K. Schmetterling, David A. TI Movement and Capture Efficiency of Radio-Tagged Salmonids Sampled by Electrofishing SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STREAM-DWELLING SALMONIDS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; MARK-RECAPTURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH ABUNDANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRANSMITTERS; SIZE AB Electrofishing-based estimates of fish abundance are common. Most population models assume that samples are drawn from a closed population, but population closure is sometimes difficult to achieve. Consequently, we individually electrofished 103 radio-tagged trout of two species, westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, in five streams in western Montana to quantify the influence of habitat and fish size on capture efficiency and movement related to electrofishing with unpulsed DC. First-pass capture efficiency was 46% and declined on subsequent passes. No variables were related to capture efficiency, and only the percentage of cobble or larger substrate was related to the probability that uncaptured fish would move during the first electrofishing pass. About 20% of the uncaptured fish did not move, and 95% traveled less than 18 m. We concluded that for these streams, the bias in abundance estimates from disregarding movement would be relatively minor. C1 [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Schmetterling, David A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. RP Young, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkyoung@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Missoula field office; Northwestern Energy (NWE) FX We thank Robert Clark and Tracy Elam for assistance in the field and data preparation. Funding was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Missoula field office and Northwestern Energy (NWE). We thank Jo Christensen (BLM) and Sam Milodragovich (NWE) for logistical support. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 823 EP 831 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.703158 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200002 ER PT S AU Guan, MJ Cai, ZY Zhu, YX Lin, JM AF Guan, Mingjie Cai, Zhiyong Zhu, Yixin Lin, Jumei BE Xiao, Y Li, Z Wang, R Shan, B Ghavami, K TI Performance Evaluation of Bamboo Scrimber under Planner Machining SO NOVEL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies CY SEP 22-24, 2011 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Comm NonConvent Mat & Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Hunan Univ, China Minist Educ Key Lab Bldg Safety & Energy Efficiency, Int Network Bamboo & Rattan, Assoc Brasileira Mat & Tecnol NaoConvenc, Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Univ So California DE bamboo scrimber; planing performance; surface roughness; feed speed; cutting depth ID STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE PRODUCTS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES; WOOD AB This research evaluated the planing performance of bamboo scrimber boards at three feed speeds and three cutting depths and used two methods to assess the finished surfaces. A macroscopic grade assessment was made according to ASTM D 1666-87 for visible planing defects. The other assessment was a microscopic scale roughness test measuring surface average roughness in terms of GB/T 12472. The visible results showed that the finished surface quality of bamboo resulted mainly in Grades I and II, with the main defect being torn grain. The two evaluations method showed consistent results in surface quality that the highest percentage of Grade 1 was counted and the lowest roughness value occurred. Compared with the hardwood Sawtooth oak widely used in furniture industry in China, planning quality of bamboo scrimber board is better in terms of roughness. C1 [Guan, Mingjie; Zhu, Yixin; Lin, Jumei] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Bamboo Engn & Res Ctr, 159 Longpan Rd, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Guan, MJ (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Bamboo Engn & Res Ctr, 159 Longpan Rd, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM mingjieguan@hotmail.com; zcai@fs.fed.us; zhuyixin@njfu.edu.cn; jumeilin@163.com FU State Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province [BE2004365]; priority academic program development of Jiangsu higher education institutions; PAPD FX We would like to thank an anonymous reviewer from Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,WI for his helpful comments. This research was supported by State Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province, P.R.China(BE2004365). This research was sponsored by a project funded by the priority academic program development of Jiangsu higher education institutions, PAPD. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 517 BP 101 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.517.101 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BBY69 UT WOS:000308846900014 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Ramsay, TG Caperna, TJ Scholz, AM AF Mitchell, Alva D. Ramsay, Timothy G. Caperna, Thomas J. Scholz, Armin M. TI Body composition of piglets exhibiting different growth rates SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article DE piglets; body composition; growth rate; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ID SOW-REARED PIGLETS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ENERGY-INTAKE; SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE; BABY PIGS; CARCASS; PROTEIN; QUALITY; TISSUE; FAT AB The growth and composition of the neonatal pig is of interest because of potential impact on subsequent growth and finally, composition at market weight. The purpose of this study was to compare at weaning the growth and body composition of the largest and smallest pigs from each of 38 litters. At weaning (27 +/- 1.7 d) the largest (9.3 +/- 1.1 kg) and smallest (6.2 +/- 1.5 kg) pigs were selected for body composition measurement by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The body composition of the largest pigs consisted of 38% more fat, 32% more lean, and 29% more bone mineral content (P<0.001). However, when expressed as a percentage of body weight, there was no difference in the fat, lean or bone mineral content content of the two groups of pigs (P>0.05). A second study consisted of 12 pairs of pigs from 8 litters that were selected on the basis of having the same birth weight, but one pig out gaining the other by at least 50 g/day. At 21 days of age the selected pigs were scanned by DXA. For both groups combined, the correlation (r) between body weight and lean mass was 0.99, between body weight and fat mass it was 0.87, and between body weight at birth and body weight at weaning it was 0.56. The results of these studies revealed that, at weaning, the fastest and slowest growing pigs had similar proportions of fat, lean and bone mineral and, consistent with previous results, the rates of both fat and lean deposition were highly correlated (P<0.001) with total body growth rate. C1 [Scholz, Armin M.] Univ Munich, Livestock Ctr, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. [Mitchell, Alva D.; Ramsay, Timothy G.; Caperna, Thomas J.] USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Scholz, AM (reprint author), Univ Munich, Livestock Ctr, Sankt Hubertusstr 12, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. EM a.s@lmu.de OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 356 EP 363 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 010IY UT WOS:000309089300006 ER PT J AU Unruh, TR Lacey, LA Headrick, HL Pfannenstiel, RS AF Unruh, Thomas R. Lacey, Lawrence A. Headrick, Heather L. Pfannenstiel, Robert S. TI The effect of the granulovirus (PapyGV) on larval mortality and feeding behaviour of the Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PapyGV; granulovirus; Pandemis pyrusana; concentration response; feeding behaviour; UV sensitivity ID MOTH CYDIA-POMONELLA; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; APPLE ORCHARDS; CENTRAL-EUROPE; CODLING MOTH; CHORISTONEURA-ROSACEANA; PESTS; BIOCONTROL; NORTHERN; PEARS AB An indigenous betabaculovirus (PapyGV) of the Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana (Kearfott), was studied in the laboratory and greenhouse to determine how the virus affected leafroller mortality and foliar damage. Probability of mortality increased with virus concentration as observed after 7 and 10 days of feeding on virus treated diet in neonates and second instar larvae. LC50 estimates for neonates at 7 and 10 days was 2743 and 389 occlusion bodies (OBs)/mm(2). For second instars, LC50 was 139,487 and 813 OBs/mm(2) at 7 and 10 days. There was no biologically significant mortality response to increasing virus concentrations by fourth instar larvae; however, when fourth instar larvae were infected with virus on diet and then fed apple leaves, the leaf area consumed declined up to 50% with higher virus concentrations. In a greenhouse study, neonate larvae that fed on seedlings treated with water showed >90% survival and 80% pupation rate of larvae after being transferred to diet. In contrast, larvae that fed on apple seedlings sprayed with 3 x 10(6) OBs/ml showed poor survival when transferred to diet after acquiring the virus and failed to reach the pupal stage. This virus shows promise for population regulation and can produce reduction in feeding damage. C1 [Unruh, Thomas R.; Lacey, Lawrence A.; Headrick, Heather L.; Pfannenstiel, Robert S.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. RP Unruh, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. EM thomas.unruh@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission; Western SARE FX This work was made possible by technical assistance of Brad Sainsbury, Martha Marquez, Dana Jones and Belinda Bray Bishop. Helpful critical reviews of an earlier draft of the manuscript were provided by David Horton, Donald Hostetter and Peter Landolt. Grants from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission and Western SARE supported parts of this research. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 9 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.701272 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 010NO UT WOS:000309101300001 ER PT J AU Nopsa, JFH Baenziger, PS Eskridge, KM Peiris, KHS Dowell, FE Harris, SD Wegulo, SN AF Nopsa, John F. Hernandez Baenziger, P. Stephen Eskridge, Kent M. Peiris, Kamaranga H. S. Dowell, Floyd E. Harris, Steven D. Wegulo, Stephen N. TI Differential accumulation of deoxynivalenol in two winter wheat cultivars varying in FHB phenotype response under field conditions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol (DON); FHB index; Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK); Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight (FHB); winter wheat ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; KERNELS; CEREALS; GRAIN; SCAB; INFECTION; INTENSITY; DISEASE; BARLEY AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab, caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [sexual stage Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch], is a destructive disease of small grain cereals. Fusarium graminearum produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which accumulates in and lowers the value and quality of grain. Field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 to determine if two winter wheat cultivars varying in FHB phenotype response differentially accumulated DON. Secondary objectives were to model the relationship between FHB severity and DON, determine if environment (= year) influenced DON accumulation in the two cultivars, and measure the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) in the two cultivars. The cultivar 'Harry' with a moderately resistant FHB phenotype consistently accumulated more DON (P <= 0.0358) than '2137' with a susceptible phenotype. The relationship between FHB severity and DON was linear and positive for both cultivars in all three years (0.32 <= R-2 <= 0.60; 0.0053 <= P <= 0.1092). Environment (= year) had a significant effect (P < 0.0001) on DON accumulation in both cultivars, and this effect was attributed to differences in rainfall amount and duration in the months of May and June. DON accumulation was highest in 2008 (average of 33.2 ppm in 'Harry' and 21.2 ppm in '2137') when there was steady, above-average rainfall in May and June. FDK was highest in 2008 and was higher in 'Harry' (64%) than in '2137' (46%). The results from this study suggest that a winter wheat cultivar with a moderately resistant FHB phenotype can be susceptible to FDK and DON accumulation. Based on these results, there is a need to standardize the criteria (FHB intensity, FDK, DON) for characterizing wheat cultivars as resistant or susceptible to FHB. C1 [Baenziger, P. Stephen] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Eskridge, Kent M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Peiris, Kamaranga H. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dowell, Floyd E.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Nopsa, John F. Hernandez; Harris, Steven D.; Wegulo, Stephen N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wegulo, SN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM swegulo2@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014; Hernandez Nopsa, John Fredy/E-7366-2013; OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954; Wegulo, Stephen/0000-0002-4435-6055 FU US Department of Agriculture [59-0790-7-080] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-7-080. This is a cooperative project with the US Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. We are indebted to Kelly Benson for assistance with DON analysis. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 380 EP 389 DI 10.1080/07060661.2012.695751 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 999GO UT WOS:000308297900003 ER PT J AU Jiang, YN Haudenshield, JS Hartman, GL AF Jiang, Y. N. Haudenshield, J. S. Hartman, G. L. TI Characterization of Pythium spp. from soil samples in Illinois SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; pathogenicity testing; Pythium root and seedling rot; soybean pathogens ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DAMPING-OFF; IDENTIFICATION; PHYTOPHTHORA; RESISTANCE; ARCHER AB Pythium root rot is widely distributed in major soybean (Glycine max) production areas throughout the world. There are many species of Pythium described on soybean and other crops, although not all species are pathogenic on these crops. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Pythium isolates obtained from field soils across Illinois and evaluate their pathogenicity on soybean seedlings. Soil samples were collected from 12 corn-soybean rotation fields in six Illinois counties. All isolates of Pythium were recovered through a baiting technique, identified to the species taxon using morphological and molecular techniques, and evaluated using an in vitro pathogenicity assay on soybean seedlings. Twenty-seven species of Pythium were identified, and P. cryptoirregulare, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum and P. ultimum var. ultimum were highly pathogenic on soybean seedlings. C1 [Jiang, Y. N.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jiang, Y. N.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Plant Sci Dept, Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Haudenshield, J. S.; Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu FU Illinois Soybean Association FX We thank the Illinois Soybean Association for partial financial support of this research. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 3 BP 448 EP 454 DI 10.1080/07060661.2012.705326 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 999GO UT WOS:000308297900009 ER PT J AU Grzebisz, W Gaj, R Sassenrath, GF Halloran, JM AF Grzebisz, Witold Gaj, Renata Sassenrath, G. F. Halloran, J. M. TI Fertilizer Use and Wheat Yield in Central and Eastern European Countries from 1986 to 2005 and Its Implication for Developing Sustainable Fertilizer Management Practices SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE CEE countries; fertilizer consumption; fertilizer use efficiency; partial factor N productivity; P/N and K/N ratios; wheat yields; yield gap; yield prognosis ID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; PROSPECTS; NITROGEN AB Economic and political challenges impact agricultural practices, production efficiency, and crop yields. We hypothesize that increased conversion efficiency of fertilizer to crop yield resulted from changes in fertilizer management in Central and Eastern European countries. Efficient nutrient management depends on fertilizer applied, management practices, and weather, which impact uptake, utilization efficiency, and crop yield. Trends in fertilizer consumption and wheat yields from 1986 to 2005 were studied for five countries. There were significant differences in yield gap, defined as the difference between potential and actual yields. Partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen fertilizer (N) is calculated from real and modified indices. A predictive metric is introduced based on the quantity of unworked, or nonproductive, N (N-uw). Sustainable cropping practices reduce Nuw and yield gap. Improved knowledge of crop responses to balanced plant nutrition at the country level contribute to improved agricultural and environmental policies and enhance production sustainability. C1 [Sassenrath, G. F.] USDA ARS, CPSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Grzebisz, Witold; Gaj, Renata] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Dept Agr Chem, Poznan, Poland. [Halloran, J. M.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Res Lab, Orono, ME USA. RP Sassenrath, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, CPSRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Gretchen.Sassenrath@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 18 BP 2358 EP 2375 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.708080 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 010VQ UT WOS:000309123000003 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Khalilian, A Jones, MA AF Busscher, W. J. Khalilian, A. Jones, M. A. TI Tillage Management for Cotton in Southeastern Coastal Soils during Dry Years SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Drought; rhizosphere; soil water ID DEEP TILLAGE; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; LOAMY SAND; YIELD; SYSTEMS; WHEAT AB With rising energy costs, expensive deep tillage needs to be reevaluated. In 2002 and 2003, tillage treatments were evaluated for effectiveness in increasing cotton yield when noninversion deep tillage was either performed annually or not. Tillage treatments included a nontilled control, a straight-legged subsoil shank with bedding, and strip tillage with each of the following: a straight-legged subsoil shank, a Paratill, and a Terra-Max. In 2003, treatments were split with half the plots tilled and half not. No-tillage treatment significantly reduced penetration resistances better than others. Tillage decreased penetration resistance and improved yield but differences were significant only half the time. Treatments not tilled in the second year did not have significantly reduced penetration resistance because of a lack of recompaction during a dry first growing season. Tilling the second year improved yield marginally. Producers need to decide whether to till after a dry year on a case-by-case basis. C1 [Busscher, W. J.] ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Khalilian, A.] Clemson Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC USA. [Jones, M. A.] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Entomol Soils & Plant Sci Dept, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM warren.busscher@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 19 BP 2564 EP 2574 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.711878 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 012WK UT WOS:000309267200011 ER PT J AU Xu, JM Jiang, JC Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Xu, Junming Jiang, Jianchun Hse, Chungyun Shupe, Todd F. TI Renewable chemical feedstocks from integrated liquefaction processing of lignocellulosic materials using microwave energy SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM; POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL; BIOMASS; PYROLYSIS; LIGNIN; CELLULOSE; PRODUCTS; RESIDUES; PHENOL; STRAW AB The objective of this investigation was to find a simple method for the production of phenolic rich products and sugar derivatives (biopolyols) via separation of liquefied lingocellulosic materials. Liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials was conducted in methanol at 180 degrees C for 15 min with the conversion of raw materials at about 75%. After liquefaction, the liquefied products were separated by addition of a sufficient amount of water. It was found that the hydrophobic phenolics could be largely separated from aqueous solutions. The phenolic products that precipitated from the aqueous phase were mainly composed of phenolic derivatives such as 2-methoxy-4-propyl-phenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester. Afterwards, the aqueous solution was distilled under vacuum to remove water and formed a viscous liquid product henceforth termed biopolyol. As evidenced by GC-MS analysis, the biopolyols contained methyl sugar derivatives, including methyl beta-D-mannofuranoside, methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, and methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. The effect of glycerol on promotion of the liquefaction reaction was also studied. The yield of residue was significantly decreased from approximately 25 to 12% when a glycerol-methanol mixture was used as solvent rather than methanol. According to the GC-MS analysis, the total content of phenolics and poly-hydroxy compounds (including glycerol and sugar derivatives) in phenolic products and biopolyols was 65.9 and 84.9%, respectively. Therefore, a new method for fractionation of liquefied products was proposed according to the molecular structure of the biomass. C1 [Xu, Junming; Jiang, Jianchun] CAF, Inst Chem Ind Forestry Prod, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Junming; Jiang, Jianchun] Key Lab Biomass Energy & Mat, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hse, Chungyun] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Xu, Junming; Jiang, Jianchun] SFA, Natl Engn Lab Biomass Chem Utilizat, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Junming; Jiang, Jianchun] SFA, Key Lab Forest Chem Engn, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Xu, JM (reprint author), CAF, Inst Chem Ind Forestry Prod, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM finechemistry@163.com; chse@fs.fed.us; tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Commonweal Research Foundation of Forestry [201204801] FX The authors would like to thank the "Commonweal Research Foundation of Forestry" (201204801) for financial support during this investigation. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 54 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 10 BP 2821 EP 2830 DI 10.1039/c2gc35805k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 011BW UT WOS:000309139400025 ER PT J AU Krantz, GW Moser, JC AF Krantz, Gerald W. Moser, John C. TI A new genus and species of Macrochelidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with the Texas leafcutting ant, Atta texana (Buckley) in Louisiana, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mesostigmata; Macrochelidae; Atta; myrmecophile; cheliceral and peritrematic morphology; cribrum ID MITES ACARI; ARMY ANTS; UROPODINA; INSECTS; ECOLOGY; FAMILY AB Adults and nymphs of a new genus and species of the family Macrochelidae are described from detritus cavities of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta texana. This new species is notable in having peritremes with no posterior loop, a series of small subterminal teeth on the fixed cheliceral digit rather than the single large tooth typical of other macrochelids and well-developed paranal cribral extensions in both the protonymph and the deutonymph, but not in adults. C1 [Krantz, Gerald W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Moser, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Krantz, GW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM krantzg@science.oregonstate.edu; johnmoser@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 EI 1945-3892 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 7 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1080/01647954.2012.704396 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 010VZ UT WOS:000309123900005 ER PT J AU Townshend, JR Masek, JG Huang, CQ Vermote, EF Gao, F Channan, S Sexton, JO Feng, M Narasimhan, R Kim, D Song, K Song, DX Song, XP Noojipady, P Tan, B Hansen, MC Li, MX Wolfe, RE AF Townshend, John R. Masek, Jeffrey G. Huang, Chengquan Vermote, Eric. F. Gao, Feng Channan, Saurabh Sexton, Joseph O. Feng, Min Narasimhan, Raghuram Kim, Dohyung Song, Kuan Song, Danxia Song, Xiao-Peng Noojipady, Praveen Tan, Bin Hansen, Matthew C. Li, Mengxue Wolfe, Robert E. TI Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsat data: opportunities and challenges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE Landsat; land cover; forest cover change; global mapping; global monitoring ID DIGITAL CHANGE DETECTION; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE DATA; MODIS DATA; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION AB The compilation of global Landsat data-sets and the ever-lowering costs of computing now make it feasible to monitor the Earth's land cover at Landsat resolutions of 30 m. In this article, we describe the methods to create global products of forest cover and cover change at Landsat resolutions. Nevertheless, there are many challenges in ensuring the creation of high-quality products. And we propose various ways in which the challenges can be overcome. Among the challenges are the need for atmospheric correction, incorrect calibration coefficients in some of the data-sets, the different phenologies between compilations, the need for terrain correction, the lack of consistent reference data for training and accuracy assessment, and the need for highly automated characterization and change detection. We propose and evaluate the creation and use of surface reflectance products, improved selection of scenes to reduce phenological differences, terrain illumination correction, automated training selection, and the use of information extraction procedures robust to errors in training data along with several other issues. At several stages we use Moderate Resolution Spectro-radiometer data and products to assist our analysis. A global working prototype product of forest cover and forest cover change is included. C1 [Townshend, John R.; Huang, Chengquan; Channan, Saurabh; Sexton, Joseph O.; Feng, Min; Narasimhan, Raghuram; Kim, Dohyung; Song, Danxia; Song, Xiao-Peng; Noojipady, Praveen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, Global Land Cover Facil, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.; Tan, Bin; Wolfe, Robert E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gao, Feng] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Townshend, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, Global Land Cover Facil, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jtownshe@umd.edu RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; Song, Xiao-Peng/F-4894-2014; OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; Song, Xiao-Peng/0000-0002-5514-0321; Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 FU NASA: MEASURES [NNX08AP33A]; NASA: LCLUC [NNX08AN72G]; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program FX The research dealt here was supported by the following awards from NASA: MEASURES: NNX08AP33A and LCLUC: NNX08AN72G. We also gratefully acknowledge the earlier support from the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program which led to the creation of LEDAPS on which much of this work is based. We acknowledge the help of two people in particular from USGS EROS: Gyanesh Chander helped to identify the GLS 1990 images that have most recent USGS calibration coefficients (similar to 50% of the GLS 1990 data-set). Rachel Headley helped us obtain the GLS data-sets. She also helped significantly with our reordering of the GLS 1990 images that had good calibration coefficients. We are also grateful to Yosio Shimabukuro and Egidio Arai of the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) for help in acquiring the MSS images needed to fill the large data gap over northern South America in the GLS 1975 data-set. NR 81 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 79 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 373 EP 397 DI 10.1080/17538947.2012.713190 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 010FC UT WOS:000309079100001 ER PT J AU Kremens, RL Dickinson, MB Bova, AS AF Kremens, R. L. Dickinson, M. B. Bova, A. S. TI Radiant flux density, energy density and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; COMBUSTION; EMISSION; VELOCITY; IMAGERY; FLAME; HEAT AB Closing the wildland fire heat budget involves characterising the heat source and energy dissipation across the range of variability in fuels and fire behaviour. Meeting this challenge will lay the foundation for predicting direct ecological effects of fires and fire-atmosphere coupling. In this paper, we focus on the relationships between the fire radiation field, as measured from the zenith, fuel consumption and the behaviour of spreading flame fronts. Experiments were conducted in 8 x 8-m outdoor plots using preconditioned wildland fuels characteristic of mixed-oak forests of the eastern United States. Using dual-band radiometers with a field of view of similar to 18.5 m(2) at a height of 4.2 m, we found a near-linear increase in fire radiative energy density over a range of fuel consumption between 0.15 and 3.25 kg m(-2). Using an integrated heat budget, we estimate that the fraction of total theoretical combustion energy density radiated from the plot averaged 0.17, the fraction of latent energy transported in the plume averaged 0.08, and the fraction accounted for by the combination of fire convective energy transport and soil heating averaged 0.72. Future work will require, at minimum, instantaneous and time-integrated estimates of energy transported by radiation, convection and soil heating across a range of fuels. C1 [Kremens, R. L.; Bova, A. S.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Dickinson, M. B.; Bova, A. S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Kremens, RL (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM kremens@cis.rit.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU National Fire Plan; Joint Fire Science Program FX We thank the staff at the Vinton Furnace State Experimental Forest (especially David Hosack, Bill Borovicka and Levi Miller) for collecting and preparing the fuels, setting up the experimental plots and conducting the experimental burns. Two anonymous reviewers provided incisive and singularly useful feedback on the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Fire Plan and Joint Fire Science Program. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 722 EP 730 DI 10.1071/WF10143 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003ZY UT WOS:000308651100008 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Chas-Amil, ML Touza, JM Goodrick, SL AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Chas-Amil, Maria L. Touza, Julia M. Goodrick, Scott L. TI Forecasting intentional wildfires using temporal and spatiotemporal autocorrelations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE arrest; arson; autoregressive; crime; Galicia; incendiary; Poisson; Spain; time series ID CRIME; SPECIFICATION AB We report daily time series models containing both temporal and spatiotemporal lags, which are applied to forecasting intentional wildfires in Galicia, Spain. Models are estimated independently for each of the 19 forest districts in Galicia using a 1999-2003 training dataset and evaluated out-of-sample with a 2004-06 dataset. Poisson autoregressive models of order P - PAR(P) models - significantly out-perform competing alternative models over both in-sample and out-of-sample datasets, reducing out-of-sample root-mean-squared errors by an average of 15%. PAR(P) and static Poisson models included covariates deriving from crime theory, including the temporal and spatiotemporal autoregressive time series components. Estimates indicate highly significant autoregressive components, lasting up to 3 days, and spatiotemporal autoregression, lasting up to 2 days. Models also applied to predict the effect of increased arrest rates for illegal intentional firesetting indicate that the direct long-run effect of an additional firesetting arrest, summed across forest districts in Galicia, is -139.6 intentional wildfires, equivalent to a long-run elasticity of -0.94. C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Chas-Amil, Maria L.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Quantitat Econ, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Touza, Julia M.] Univ Vigo, Dept Appl Econ, E-36310 Vigo, Spain. [Goodrick, Scott L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us OI Chas-Amil, Maria Luisa/0000-0001-7605-0424 FU Xunta de Galicia [09SEC011201PR] FX This work was partly funded by Xunta de Galicia (Project 09SEC011201PR). The authors are thankful to the Spanish Forest Service, Conselleria do Medio Rural (Xunta de Galicia) and AEMet (Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia) for providing the forest fires and climatic databases. We are also grateful to Laboratorio de Criminalistica-Zona Guardia Civil de Galicia, particularly to Jesus Ponte Pintor, for facilitating arrest information and useful discussion. Finally, we thank Dr Pilar Martin, Douglas Thomas and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and comments on previous versions of this article. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 743 EP 754 DI 10.1071/WF11049 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003ZY UT WOS:000308651100010 ER PT J AU Jakes, PJ Langer, ER AF Jakes, Pamela J. Langer, E. R. (Lisa) TI The adaptive capacity of New Zealand communities to wildfire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE community recovery; community response; resilience; vulnerability ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; RODEO-CHEDISKI FIRE; SOCIAL VULNERABILITY; RESILIENCE; EVACUATION; MANAGEMENT; DISASTERS; BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE; PLACE AB When we think of natural disasters in New Zealand, we tend to think of earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. However, a series of events is placing New Zealand communities at greater risk of wildfire. In a case study of a rural New Zealand community that experienced wildfire, process elements such as networks and relationships among locals, development and application of local knowledge and experience, and access to and application of expert knowledge and institutional capacity helped build adaptive capacity for disasters. C1 [Jakes, Pamela J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Langer, E. R. (Lisa)] Scion, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. RP Jakes, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pjakes@fs.fed.us; lisa.langer@scionresearch.com FU Scion's Rural Fire Research Group through Ministry of Science and Innovation [C04X0403]; Scion's Rural Fire Research Group through rural fire sector in New Zealand; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX The research was financially supported by Scion's Rural Fire Research Group through funding from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (formerly Foundation for Research, Science and Technology) (contract C04X0403) and the rural fire sector in New Zealand, and the National Fire Plan through the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. The authors thank the Mount Somers community for their willingness to participate and their hospitality during interviews, and Grant Pearce (Scion), Tony Teeling (DOC) and Don Geddes (ADC) for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 764 EP 772 DI 10.1071/WF11086 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003ZY UT WOS:000308651100012 ER PT J AU Sell, KM Livingston, B AF Sell, Katie M. Livingston, Bequi TI Mid-season physical fitness profile of interagency hotshot firefighters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE hotshot crews; training programs; wildland firefighters ID WILDLAND FIREFIGHTERS; RELIABILITY; TESTS AB The purpose of this study was to generate a physical fitness profile of an interagency hotshot crew mid-way through the wildland fire season. Twenty interagency hotshot crew firefighters completed measures of body composition, aerobic fitness, hamstring flexibility, muscular strength, explosive strength and muscular endurance. Firefighters exhibited 12.9 +/- 2.3% body fat, scored 9.4 +/- 0.4 min on the 1.5-mile (2.41 km) run, 48.8 +/- 5.3 cm on the sit-and-reach test, 63.7 +/- 8.2 kg and 58.7 +/- 7.6 kg for right- and left-hand grip strength, and 55.9 +/- 9.9 cm on the vertical jump. Firefighters scored 45 +/- 12 for push-ups, 60 +/- 6 for sit-ups and 13 +/- 4 for pull-ups. All fitness scores were at or above average compared with sex- and age-corrected norms, and interagency hotshot crew-specific recommendations for completion of the 1.5-mile run, push-up, sit-up and pull-up tests. Although these data provide a cross-sectional gauge of mid-season fitness parameters, it is unclear how the occupational stresses of the job alter common measures of fitness in interagency hotshot crews. Future research may help highlight seasonal fluctuations in physical fitness, and the effect of physical fitness training on fitness parameters throughout the fire season. C1 [Sell, Katie M.] Hofstra Univ, Dept Hlth Profess & Kinesiol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. [Livingston, Bequi] US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Reg Off, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Sell, KM (reprint author), Hofstra Univ, Dept Hlth Profess & Kinesiol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. EM Katie.Sell@hofstra.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 773 EP 777 DI 10.1071/WF11071 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003ZY UT WOS:000308651100013 ER PT J AU Rader, AJ Yennamalli, RM Harter, AK Sen, TZ AF Rader, A. J. Yennamalli, Ragothaman M. Harter, Andrew K. Sen, Taner Z. TI A rigid network of long-range contacts increases thermostability in a mutant endoglucanase SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE network models; rigidity; cooperativity; contact order; thermostability; endoglucanase ID ENHANCING PROTEIN THERMOSTABILITY; ALLOSTERIC MECHANISM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THERMAL-STABILITY; FLEXIBILITY; PREDICTIONS; ADAPTATION; IDENTIFICATION; RHODOPSIN; EVOLUTION AB Thermodynamic stability of a protein at elevated temperatures is a key factor for thermostable enzymes to catalyze their specific reactions. Yet our understanding of biological determinants of thermostability is far from complete. Many different atomistic factors have been suggested as possible means for such proteins to preserve their activity at high temperatures. Among these factors are specific local interatomic interactions or enrichment of specific amino acid types. The case of glycosyl hydrolase family endoglucanase of Trichoderma reesei defies current hypotheses for thermostability because a single mutation far from the active site (A35 V) converts this mesostable protein into a thermostable protein without significant change in the protein structure. This substantial change in enzymatic activity cannot be explained on the basis of local intramolecular interactions alone. Here we present a more global view of the induced thermostability and show that the A35V mutation affects the underlying structural rigidity of the whole protein via a number of long-range, non-local interactions. Our analysis of this structure reveals a precisely tuned, rigid network of atomic interactions. This cooperative, allosteric effect promotes the transformation of this mesostable protein into a thermostable one. C1 [Rader, A. J.; Harter, Andrew K.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Yennamalli, Ragothaman M.; Sen, Taner Z.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sen, Taner Z.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genom Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sen, Taner Z.] Iowa State Univ, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rader, AJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM ajrader@iupui.edu FU Biotechnology Risk Assessment Program Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-33522-04758] FX This project is supported by the Biotechnology Risk Assessment Program Competitive Grant no. 2008-33522-04758 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 BP 628 EP 637 DI 10.1080/07391102.2012.689696 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 010WF UT WOS:000309124500002 PM 22731517 ER PT J AU Adams, RP Wright, JW AF Adams, Robert P. Wright, Jessica W. TI Alkanes and Terpenes in Wood and Leaves of Pinus jeffreyi and P. sabiniana SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus sabiniana; wood oils; leaf oils; heptane; alkanes; terpenes; diterpene acids AB The wood oils of Pinus jeffreyi and P. sabiniana contain considerable amounts of heptane (76.6%, 92%), on a monoterpene basis. However, when entire wood extractables is considered, the amounts drop considerably (3.4%, 36.8%) with the major portion of the wood oils being diterpene acids. The leaf oil of P. jeffreyi is dominated by alpha-pinene (20.9%) and, a diterpene, thunbergol (9.2%) with moderate amounts of beta-pinene, delta-3-carene, limonene, beta-phellandrene, (Z)-beta-ocimene, (E)-caryophyllene, delta-cadinene and cembrene. The leaf oil of P. sabiniana is dominated by a-pinene (39.1%) with moderate amounts of beta-pinene, myrcene, limonene, beta-phellandrene, (Z)-beta-ocimene, methyl chavicol, decanal and thunbergol. C1 [Adams, Robert P.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Wright, Jessica W.] USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Davis, CA USA. RP Adams, RP (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Robert_Adams@baylor.edu FU Baylor University FX This research was supported in part with funds from Baylor University. Thanks to Tonya Yanke for laboratory assistance. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 5 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1080/10412905.2012.703512 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 010TY UT WOS:000309118400001 ER PT J AU Harizanova, V Stoeva, A Rector, BG AF Harizanova, Vili Stoeva, Atanaska Rector, Brian G. TI Host range testing and biology of Abia sericea (Cimbicidae), a candidate for biological control of invasive teasels (Dipsacus spp.) in North America SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biological control of weeds; host specificity; parthenogenesis; sawfly; Symphyta ID LACINIATUS L. DIPSACACEAE; RECTOR ACARI ERIOPHYOIDEA; UNITED-STATES; ERIOPHYIDAE; PLANTS; TARGET AB Invasive teasels (Dipsacus spp., Dipsacaceae) are widespread in the USA, being present in 43 states and listed as noxious in five. The cimbicid sawfly Abia sericea (Linne, 1767) is under evaluation as a potential agent for classical biological control of teasels. The host range, biology, and life history of this insect were studied under laboratory conditions and in common garden experiments from 2006-2010 at the Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in order to determine if this biocontrol candidate justified the expense of further testing under quarantine conditions in the USA. In the laboratory, potted plants from twelve plant species belonging to seven families were tested in choice tests of oviposition and feeding. Eggs were laid only on D. laciniatus and D. fullonum plants with only one exception, on Valeriana officinalis, although the larvae that hatched from the latter did not feed on that plant. Larval feeding was observed only on D. laciniatus, Knautia arvensis, and Scabiosa ochroleuca, all in the family Dipsacaceae, which has no species native to the New World nor any of economic importance. In common garden tests into which adults and third- and fourth-instar larvae were released in separate tests, eggs were laid and larvae fed only on D. laciniatus. The results of these experiments indicate that A. sericea has a narrow host range, most likely limited to Dipsacus species, and a few other Dipsacaceae and that further pre-release studies in a US quarantine are warranted. C1 [Rector, Brian G.] ARS, USDA, GBRRU, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Harizanova, Vili; Stoeva, Atanaska] Univ Agr, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GBRRU, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brian.rector@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 EI 1314-2607 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2012 VL 28 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.3897/JHR.28.3044 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012OB UT WOS:000309244800001 ER PT J AU Seltmann, KC Yoder, MJ Miko, I Forshages, M Bertone, MA Agosti, D Austin, AD Balhoff, JP Borowiec, ML Brady, SG Broad, GR Brothers, DJ Burks, RA Buffington, ML Campbell, HM Dew, KJ Ernst, AE Fernandez-Triana, JL Gates, MW Gibson, GAP Jennings, JT Johnson, NE Karlsson, D Kawada, R Krogmann, L Kula, RR Mullins, PL Ohl, M Rasmussen, C Ronquist, F Schulmeister, S Sharkey, MJ Talamask, E Tucker, E Vilhelmsen, L Ward, PS Wharton, RA Deans, AR AF Seltmann, Katja C. Yoder, Matthew J. Miko, Istvan Forshages, Mattias Bertone, Matthew A. Agosti, Donat Austin, Andrew D. Balhoff, James P. Borowiec, Marek L. Brady, Sean G. Broad, Gavin R. Brothers, Denis J. Burks, Roger A. Buffington, Matthew L. Campbell, Heather M. Dew, Kelly J. Ernst, Andrew E. Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. Gates, Michael W. Gibson, Gary A. P. Jennings, John T. Johnson, Norman E. Karlsson, Dave Kawada, Ricardo Krogmann, Lars Kula, Robert R. Mullins, Patricia L. Ohl, Michael Rasmussen, Claus Ronquist, Fredrik Schulmeister, Susanne Sharkey, Michael J. Talamask, Elijah Tucker, Erika Vilhelmsen, Lars Ward, Philip S. Wharton, Robert A. Deans, Andrew R. TI A hymenopterists' guide to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology: utility, clarification, and future directions SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE URI; morphology; biodiversity informatics ID PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE; HOMOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; INSECTA; GENUS; PLATYGASTROIDEA; DIAPRIIDAE; GENITALIA; REVISION; MESOSOMA AB Hymenoptera exhibit an incredible diversity of phenotypes, the result of similar to 240 million years of evolution and the primary subject of more than 250 years of research. Here we describe the history, development, and utility of the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO) and its associated applications. These resources are designed to facilitate accessible and extensible research on hymenopteran phenotypes. Outreach with the hymenopterist community is of utmost importance to the HAO project, and this paper is a direct response to questions that arose from project workshops. In a concerted attempt to surmount barriers of understanding, especially regarding the format, utility, and development of the HAO, we discuss the roles of homology, "preferred terms", and "structural equivalency". We also outline the use of Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) and posit that they are a key element necessary for increasing the objectivity and repeatability of science that references hymenopteran anatomy. Pragmatically, we detail a mechanism (the "URI table") by which authors can use URIs to link their published text to the HAO, and we describe an associated tool (the "Analyzer") to derive these tables. These tools, and others, are available through the HAO Portal website (http://portal.hymao.org). We conclude by discussing the future of the HAO with respect to digital publication, cross-taxon ontology alignment, the advent of semantic phenotypes, and community-based curation. C1 [Deans, Andrew R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Seltmann, Katja C.; Yoder, Matthew J.; Miko, Istvan; Bertone, Matthew A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, NCSU Insect Museum, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Seltmann, Katja C.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Yoder, Matthew J.] Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Miko, Istvan] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Forshages, Mattias] Nat Hist Riksmuseet, Dept Entomol, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Agosti, Donat] Plazi, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland. [Agosti, Donat] Burgergemeinde Bern, Nat Hist Museum, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland. [Austin, Andrew D.] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Austin, Andrew D.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Balhoff, James P.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Balhoff, James P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Borowiec, Marek L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Broad, Gavin R.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Brothers, Denis J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [Buffington, Matthew L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, NMNH, Washington, DC 20003 USA. [Gibson, Gary A. P.] AAFC, Canadian Natl Collect Insects Arachnids & Nematod, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Karlsson, Dave] Stn Linne, S-38693 Farjestaden, Sweden. [Kawada, Ricardo] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Krogmann, Lars] State Museum Nat Hist, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany. [Ohl, Michael] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst Evolut & Biodiversitaetsforsch, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Rasmussen, Claus] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Ronquist, Fredrik] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Biodivers Informat, SE-18450 Stockholm, Sweden. [Schulmeister, Susanne] Univ Munich LMU, Dept Biol 2, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. [Sharkey, Michael J.; Tucker, Erika] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Vilhelmsen, Lars] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wharton, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Deans, AR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM adeans@gmail.com RI Krogmann, Lars/C-7209-2008; Vilhelmsen, Lars/A-3396-2013; Research, NRM-BIG/F-2603-2013; Ohl, Michael/G-5723-2013; Ronquist, Fredrik/Q-2013-2015; Rasmussen, Claus/J-6714-2012; OI Deans, Andrew/0000-0002-2119-4663; Vilhelmsen, Lars/0000-0002-5593-5722; Rasmussen, Claus/0000-0003-1529-6548; Johnson, Norman F./0000-0003-1691-5187; Dew-Budd, Kelly/0000-0003-3791-2241; Balhoff, James/0000-0002-8688-6599 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0850223, DEB-0842289]; Encyclopedia of Life's Biodiversity Synthesis Center (BioSynC); Phenotype Research Coordination Network [NSF DEB-0956049] FX This work was made possible by the U.S. National Science Foundation, grants DBI-0850223 and DEB-0842289, by a grant from the Encyclopedia of Life's Biodiversity Synthesis Center (BioSynC), and by the Phenotype Research Coordination Network (NSF DEB-0956049). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 16 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 EI 1314-2607 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2012 VL 27 BP 67 EP 88 DI 10.3897/JHR.27.2961 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012OA UT WOS:000309244700004 ER PT J AU Wheeler, Q Bourgoin, T Coddington, J Gostony, T Hamilton, A Larimer, R Polaszek, A Schauff, M Solis, MA AF Wheeler, Quentin Bourgoin, Thierry Coddington, Jonathan Gostony, Timothy Hamilton, Andrew Larimer, Roy Polaszek, Andrew Schauff, Michael Solis, M. Alma TI Nomenclatural benchmarking: the roles of digital typification and telemicroscopy SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Types; typification; digital imaging; biodiversity informatics; taxonomy; nomenclature; natural history museums AB Nomenclatural benchmarking is the periodic realignment of species names with species theories and is necessary for the accurate and uniform use of Linnaean binominals in the face of changing species limits. Gaining access to types, often for little more than a cursory examination by an expert, is a major bottleneck in the advance and availability of biodiversity informatics. For the nearly two million described species it has been estimated that five to six million name-bearing type specimens exist, including those for synonymized binominals. Recognizing that examination of types in person will remain necessary in special cases, we propose a four-part strategy for opening access to types that relies heavily on digitization and that would eliminate much of the bottleneck: (1) modify codes of nomenclature to create registries of nomenclatural acts, such as the proposed ZooBank, that include a requirement for digital representations (e-types) for all newly described species to avoid adding to backlog; (2) an "r" strategy that would engineer and deploy a network of automated instruments capable of rapidly creating 3-D images of type specimens not requiring participation of taxon experts; (3) a "K" strategy using remotely operable microscopes to engage taxon experts in targeting and annotating informative characters of types to supplement and extend information content of rapidly acquired e-types, a process that can be done on an as-needed basis as in the normal course of revisionary taxonomy; and (4) creation of a global e-type archive associated with the commissions on nomenclature and species registries providing one-stop-shopping for e-types. We describe a first generation implementation of the "K" strategy that adapts current technology to create a network of Remotely Operable Benchmarkers Of Types (ROBOT) specifically engineered to handle the largest backlog of types, pinned insect specimens. The three initial instruments will be in the Smithsonian Institution(Washington, DC), Natural History Museum (London), and Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), networking the three largest insect collections in the world with entomologists worldwide. These three instruments make possible remote examination, manipulation, and photography of types for more than 600,000 species. This is a cybertaxonomy demonstration project that we anticipate will lead to similar instruments for a wide range of museum specimens and objects as well as revolutionary changes in collaborative taxonomy and formal and public taxonomic education. C1 [Wheeler, Quentin; Gostony, Timothy; Hamilton, Andrew] Arizona State Univ, Int Inst Species Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bourgoin, Thierry] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Entomol Lab, Paris, France. [Polaszek, Andrew] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Schauff, Michael; Solis, M. Alma] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Larimer, Roy] Visionary Digital, Palmyra, VA 22963 USA. [Coddington, Jonathan] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20530 USA. RP Wheeler, Q (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Int Inst Species Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM quentin.wheeler@asu.edu OI Bourgoin, Thierry/0000-0001-9277-2478 FU Virginia M. Ullman Foundation; International Institute for Species Exploration; Arizona State University; Visionary Digital, Inc.; National Science Foundation [SES-09083935] FX Construction of a prototype of ROBOT(E) was made possible by a grant from the Virginia M. Ullman Foundation and matching contributions from Visionary Digital, Inc. Construction of the three final instruments was funded by the International Institute for Species Exploration, Arizona State University, and Visionary Digital, Inc. Andrew Hamilton's contributions to this work were supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number SES-09083935. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2012 IS 209 SI SI BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.3897/zookeys.209.3486 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 998VC UT WOS:000308267500015 PM 22859888 ER PT J AU Jones, GD AF Jones, Gretchen D. TI Forensic pollen geolocation techniques used to identify the origin of boll weevil re-infestation SO GRANA LA English DT Article DE Pollen; entomopalynology; boll weevil ID NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; DETAILED STRUCTURE; FAMILY COMPOSITAE; TRIBE CICHORIEAE; HOST PLANTS; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; COTTON; MISSISSIPPI; MORPHOLOGY AB The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, entered the United States of America in the early twentieth century and became a major pest in cotton, Gossypium spp. Shortly after the passage of Tropical Storm Erin on 16 August 2007 through the South Texas/Winter Garden boll weevil eradication zone, over 150 boll weevils were captured in the Southern Rolling Plains (SRP) eradication zone that was essentially weevil-free since 2003. Pollen analyses were made of the SRP weevils and weevils collected in two suspected source zones, Cameron (Southern Blacklands eradication zone) and Uvalde (Winter Garden eradication zone). An additional examination of the palynological evidence and examination of additional pollen residue shed new light on this event and strengthens the conclusion that the Uvalde area was the source of the SRP weevils. A total of 192 pollen grains from 39 taxa were found in the SRP weevils: 1904 pollen grains from ten taxa from the Cameron weevils and 148 grains from 28 taxa in the Uvalde weevils. The SRP weevils shared 16 taxa, including Phermeranthus sp. (flameflower) with the Uvalde weevils and only five taxa with the Cameron weevils. Common taxa between SRP and Uvalde weevils and the lack of the dominant 'low spine' Asteraceae that occurred in all Cameron samples confirm that the SRP weevils originated from the South Texas/Winter Garden zone. Problems associated with this type of research are similar to those in forensic palynology. These problems include the unknown origin of the weevils, pollen contamination and care and storage of the samples. C1 ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Jones, GD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM gretchen.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PY 2012 VL 51 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1080/00173134.2012.667832 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010VP UT WOS:000309122900003 ER PT J AU Gireesh, T Varghese, YA Woeste, KE Mercykutty, VC Marattukalam, JG AF Gireesh, T. Varghese, Y. Annamma Woeste, K. E. Mercykutty, V. C. Marattukalam, J. G. TI Effect of monoclonal and assorted seedling rootstocks on long term growth and yield of Hevea clones SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Natural rubber; rootstock-scion; Hevea brasiliensis ID RUBBER; BRASILIENSIS; SCIONS; TREE AB Seven Hevea brasiliensis clones were evaluated on two types of rootstocks, assorted seedling rootstocks (AR) and monoclonal rootstock (MR) over 19 years. Influence of rootstock on scion growth and rubber yield was assessed based on juvenile height, circumference of the main trunk (cm), number of branches, branching height and cumulative dry rubber yield (g per tree per tapping, conventionally abbreviated gt(-1) t(-1)). Highest cumulative yield (g per tree per tapping) over the 12 years for which the trees were tapped was obtained from clone RRII 105 (MR: 1076 g per tree per tapping and AR: 497 g per tree per tapping), followed by RRII 203 (MR: 661; AR: 538), RRII 208 (MR: 477; AR: 486), RRII 118 (MR: 497; AR: 452). Gl 1 yielded the least, 219 g per tree per tapping (MR) and 378 g per tree per tapping (AR); GT1 produced 335 g per tree per tapping (MR) and 375 g per tree per tapping (AR). RRII 118 had the greatest circumference at age 19 (91.4 cm on MR) 88.8 on AR, followed by RRII 105 (MR: 87.4 cm AR: 89.2 cm) and GT 1 (MR: 88.5 cm; AR: 84.4cm). Effect of scion clone was significant (p < 0.01) only for trunk circumference at opening, but not for cumulative rubber yield at age 11 (4 years after opening) or cumulative rubber yield at age 19 (12 years after opening). Most importantly, rootstock and clone x rootstock interaction did not significantly affect rubber yield or tree circumference at any evaluation time. There was no evidence to suggest that growth and yield of clones was influenced significantly by rootstock type. C1 [Gireesh, T.; Varghese, Y. Annamma; Mercykutty, V. C.; Marattukalam, J. G.] Rubber Res Inst India, Kottayam 686009, Kerala, India. [Woeste, K. E.] Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gireesh, T (reprint author), Rubber Res Inst India, Kottayam 686009, Kerala, India. EM gireesh@rubberboard.org.in FU Rubber Board of India FX We thank Dr. JAMES JACOB, Director of Research and former Directors of Rubber Research Institute of India for their continuous encouragements and support for this long term study. Cooperation extended by the supporting staff at Central Experiment Station at Chethackal during the whole experimental period is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support for this study provided by the Rubber Board of India is thankfully acknowledged. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 983ZW UT WOS:000307158200007 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Williams, KS Lovisa, MP De Lucca, AJ AF Cornelius, Mary L. Williams, Kelley S. Lovisa, Mary P. De Lucca, Anthony J., II TI Aggregation and Feeding Behavior of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on Wood Decayed by Three Species of Wood Rot Fungi SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; fungus; aggregation; consumption; decay ID PYCNOPORUS-CINNABARINUS; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; BROWN; RETICULITERMES; CONSUMPTION; ATTRACTANT; MECHANISM; LACCASE AB Aggregation and feeding behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was evaluated on wood decayed by three species of fungus, the brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum and two white rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pycnoporus cinnibarinus. Although termites aggregated on decayed sawdust from all three species in at least some of the tests, sawdust decayed by P. chrysosporium elicited aggregation behavior by termites over the greatest range of incubation periods. In some tests, termites avoided sawdust decayed by G. trabeum. Termite feeding on blocks decayed for 90 d was significantly greater than on control blocks for all three species of fungi, despite the significantly lower decay rate of P cinnibarinus. Increasing our understanding of the interaction of termites with wood rot fungi could lead to the identification of chemicals that attract termites to bait stations. C1 [Cornelius, Mary L.; Williams, Kelley S.; Lovisa, Mary P.; De Lucca, Anthony J., II] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Mary.Cornelius@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 667 EP 680 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993NF UT WOS:000307865700008 ER PT J AU Al-Kofahi, S Steele, C VanLeeuwen, D St Hilaire, R AF Al-Kofahi, Salman Steele, Caiti VanLeeuwen, Dawn St Hilaire, Rolston TI Mapping land cover in urban residential landscapes using very high spatial resolution aerial photographs SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Classification; Greenspace; Remote sensing; Median income ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; WATER CONSERVATION; METROPOLITAN-AREA; DOMESTIC GARDENS; IKONOS IMAGERY; GREEN SPACES; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; PHOENIX; NEIGHBORHOODS AB Accurate information on existing residential landscapes is essential for framing ordinances and monitoring residential water use in the Urban Greenspace Ecosystem. We classified residential landscapes of New Mexico's largest city, Albuquerque, to explore the spatial distribution of residential greenspace and its composition among zip codes and median incomes. Geographic Information System (GIS) vector files including parcels, city limits, zip codes and land-use maps, were integrated with ownership information. The database was stratified by Albuquerque's 16 zip codes. Four hundred eighty residential landscapes were selected randomly for study. Very high spatial resolution (0.15 m) 2008 true color aerial photographs and the object-oriented supervised classification module in ENVI EX were used to identify residential features. Spatial and textural variables, created by image segmentation, were classified using the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm embedded in ENVI EX. Classification accuracy was 89%. Larger greenspace, tree, shrub, and grass areas were in larger parcels. Landscapes in lower income groups and older zip codes include larger greenspace and tree cover because of mature tree sizes, while grass dominated landscapes of higher income groups and newer zip codes. This knowledge of residential vegetation distribution could serve as a basis for policy makers, planners, and water conservation officers wishing to enact ordinances and regulations that govern the urban residential landscape. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Al-Kofahi, Salman; St Hilaire, Rolston] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Steele, Caiti] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [VanLeeuwen, Dawn] New Mexico State Univ, NMSU Agr Expt Stn, MSC 3501, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Al-Kofahi, S (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, MSC 3Q, POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM slssls76@yahoo.com; caiti@nmsu.edu; vanleeuw@nmsu.edu; rsthilai@nmsu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [GR0002372] FX We would like to thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the financial support for this work through Grant # GR0002372 to New Mexico State University. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.05.001 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 007QB UT WOS:000308902100007 ER PT J AU McElorne, AJ Gambetta, GA Osorio, C Walker, MA AF McElorne, Andrew J. Gambetta, Greg A. Osorio, Cecilia Walker, M. Andrew TI Importance of Anatomy to Hydraulic Physiology across Grapevine Rootstocks Subjected to Drought Stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McElorne, Andrew J.; Gambetta, Greg A.; Osorio, Cecilia; Walker, M. Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajmcelrone@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 433A EP 433A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 006RV UT WOS:000308837400023 ER PT J AU Cousins, P AF Cousins, Peter TI Hybrid and Selfed Seedling Progenies of Vitis vinifera Purpurea Grape Segregate for Tendril Distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cousins, Peter] ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM peter.cousins@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 457A EP 457A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 006RV UT WOS:000308837400111 ER PT J AU Shellie, K Bowen, P AF Shellie, Krista Bowen, Pat TI Berry Composition and Yield of Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec in Response to Water Deficit Severity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shellie, Krista; Bowen, Pat] ARS, USDA, HCRL, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM Krista.Shellie@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 463A EP 463A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 006RV UT WOS:000308837400134 ER PT J AU Lee, J Tarara, JM AF Lee, Jungmin Tarara, Julie M. TI Small Differences in Temperature Interact with Solar Radiation to Alter Anthocyanin in Grapes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Parma, ID USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA USA. EM julie.tarara@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 3 BP 464A EP 464A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 006RV UT WOS:000308837400138 ER PT S AU Ainsworth, EA Yendrek, CR Sitch, S Collins, WJ Emberson, LD AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Yendrek, Craig R. Sitch, Stephen Collins, William J. Emberson, Lisa D. BE Merchant, SS TI The Effects of Tropospheric Ozone on Net Primary Productivity and Implications for Climate Change SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY, VOL 63 SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE global change; crop; forest; stomatal conductance; photosynthesis ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FOREST; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE LEVELS; SUB-ALPINE GRASSLAND; AIR FIELD CONDITIONS; ASPEN-BIRCH FORESTS; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SURFACE OZONE AB Tropospheric ozone (O-3) is a global air pollutant that causes billions of dollars in lost plant productivity annually. It is an important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, and as a secondary air pollutant, it is present at high concentrations in rural areas far from industrial sources. It also reduces plant productivity by entering leaves through the stomata, generating other reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative stress, which in turn decreases photosynthesis, plant growth, and biomass accumulation. The deposition of O-3 into vegetation through stomata is an important sink for tropospheric O-3 , but this sink is modified by other aspects of environmental change, including rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, rising temperature, altered precipitation, and nitrogen availability. We review the atmospheric chemistry governing tropospheric O-3 mass balance, the effects of O-3 on stomatal conductance and net primary productivity, and implications for agriculture, carbon sequestration, and climate change. C1 [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Yendrek, Craig R.] ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sitch, Stephen] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Collins, William J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 EPB, Devon, England. [Emberson, Lisa D.] Univ York, Stockholm Environm Inst, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lisa.ainsworth@ars.usda.gov; craig.yendrek@ars.usda.gov; s.a.sitch@exeter.ac.uk; bill.collins@metoffice.gov.uk; l.emberson@york.ac.uk RI Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Yendrek, Craig/A-7126-2013; Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Yendrek, Craig/0000-0002-0557-325X; Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561 NR 165 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 16 U2 211 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5008 BN 978-0-8243-0663-2 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2012 VL 63 BP 637 EP 661 DI 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103829 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BBR06 UT WOS:000307953100026 PM 22404461 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Bai, BB Eggen, DA Leonard, DS AF Tobin, Patrick C. Bai, Barry B. Eggen, Donald A. Leonard, Donna S. TI The ecology, geopolitics, and economics of managing Lymantria dispar in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barrier zone management; biological invasions; eradication; gypsy moth; invasive species management; Lymantria dispar; outbreak suppression; quarantine ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; POPULATION-DENSITY; MATING SUCCESS; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; SEX ATTRACTANT AB Increases in global trade and travel have resulted in a number of species being inadvertently (or, in a few cases, deliberately) introduced into new geographical locations. In most cases, there is generally a lack of information regarding a species' biology and ecology, and its potential to cause environmental and economic harm. Regardless, management decisions concerning these new species often need to be made rapidly, even in the absence of this information. The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), is an exception insofar as it is a non-native species that, due to its considerable potential for damage, has been extensively studied and managed in the United States following its introduction in 1869. In this review, we attempt to highlight the ecology, geopolitics, and economics of managing L. dispar in the United States, integrating the lessons learned from over 100 years of research and management. In doing so, we attempt to provide a framework that could be applicable to the management of other non-native insect species, for which we often lack information upon which to develop and implement management strategies. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Bai, Barry B.] Oregon Dept Agr, Plant Div, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Eggen, Donald A.] Bur Forestry, Penn Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Div Forest Pest Management, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. [Leonard, Donna S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 128 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 3 SI SI BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1080/09670874.2011.647836 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 996RZ UT WOS:000308113300002 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM AF Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Forest pest management in a changing world SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological control; biological invasions; detection; eradication; forest health; quarantine; resistance; surveillance; silviculture ID SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; INSECT OUTBREAKS; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL-CHANGE; EXOTIC PEST; NEW-ZEALAND; DYNAMICS; PLANTATIONS AB The scope, context and science guiding forest pest management have evolved and are likely to continue changing into the future. Here, I present six areas of advice to guide practitioners in the implementation of forest pest management. First, human dimensions will continue to play a key role in most pest problems and should always be a primary consideration in management. Next, managers must recognize that it is practically impossible to use population suppression to prevent outbreaks that extend over large geographic regions. Silvicultural practices can sometimes be effective at reducing forest susceptibility to outbreaks but these methods should be based on sound science. Many of the most damaging forest pests are non-native species and minimizing the invasion problem is most effective when steps are taken early on in the invasion process. Furthermore, classical biological control and selection for host resistance are important approaches to managing established non-native pest species. Finally, plantations of exotic tree species, while often highly productive, are prone to catastrophic damage from invading pests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 3 SI SI BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1080/09670874.2012.678405 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 996RZ UT WOS:000308113300010 ER PT J AU Jones, SJ Gent, DH Pethybridge, SJ Hay, FS AF Jones, S. J. Gent, D. H. Pethybridge, S. J. Hay, F. S. TI Site-specific risk factors of white mould epidemics in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Tasmania, Australia SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF CROP AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease forecasting; quantitative epidemiology ID SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; BLIGHT EPIDEMICS; OILSEED RAPE; DISEASE; YIELD; MODEL; RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; PREDICTION AB In Tasmania, Australia, if more than 5% of bean pods are affected by white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) shipments may be rejected by the processor. This standard dictates prophylactic fungicide application over flowering, although in some instances treatment may not be warranted because of low disease risk. Surveys were conducted to identify relationships among edaphic factors, weather variables, and production practices associated with white mould. Correlations were found between disease incidence and the number of apothecia, fungicide timing, and mean minimum air temperature in the 10- and 30-day periods preceding harvest. Significant differences in disease incidence also were detected among cultivars and bean canopy densities. A nonparametric discriminant analysis model based on the predictor variables of mean minimum air temperature in the 10- and 30-day periods before harvest, cultivar, bean canopy density, and fungicide application correctly predicted presence of white mould on pods in 77% of bean fields. Several factors that can be manipulated to reduce disease risks were identified. C1 [Jones, S. J.; Hay, F. S.] Univ Tasmania, TIAR, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. [Gent, D. H.] ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gent, D. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pethybridge, S. J.] Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Bot Resources Australia, Ulverstone, Tas, Australia. RP Hay, FS (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, TIAR, Cradle Coast Campus, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. EM Frank.Hay@utas.edu.au RI Jones, Suzie/J-2779-2013 OI Jones, Suzie/0000-0003-1014-4772 FU Vegetable Levy; Australian Commonwealth Government; USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-050-00]; University of Tasmania; Horticulture Australia Limited [VG07126]; AusVeg [VG07126] FX Thanks are extended to Phillip Beveridge, Phil Gardam, Thomas O'Malley, Craig Palmer, Stacey Pilkington, Dr Jason Scott, Gordon Tuck, University of Tasmania, for technical assistance. This project was facilitated by Horticulture Australia Limited in partnership with AusVeg (project number VG07126; program 2.1) and funded by the Vegetable Levy with matching funds from the Australian Commonwealth Government, with additional funding provided from USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5358-21000-050-00. We gratefully acknowledge the bean growers and processors who allowed access to their fields for sampling and the assistance of agronomists Garry McNab (Simplot Australia Pty. Ltd.) and Darren Briggs (McCain Foods (Australia) Pty. Ltd. Travel of Dr Gent to Australia was also partially funded by the University of Tasmania's Visiting Scholar Program. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0114-0671 J9 NEW ZEAL J CROP HORT JI N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 3 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1080/01140671.2011.623707 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 999FP UT WOS:000308295100001 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML van Noort, S AF Buffington, Matthew L. van Noort, Simon TI Revision of the Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Africa; Afrotropical region; Cynipoidea; Hymenoptera; identification key; Liopteridae; Madagascar; systematics ID GALL WASP; HYMENOPTERA; CYNIPIDAE; FIGITIDAE AB The Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae are revised, and new dichotomous and multi-entry keys to the species of Oberthuerella, Tessmannella, and Xenocynips are provided. All previously described species in these genera are redescribed; descriptions are augmented by color images of the holotype for each species. The following 11 species are described as new: Oberthuerella cyclopia Buffington & van Noort; O. eschara Buffington & van Noort; O. kibalensis van Noort & Buffington; O. pardolatus Buffington & van Noort; O. sharkeyi Buffington & van Noort; O. simba Buffington & van Noort; Tessmannella copelandi Buffington & van Noort; T. kiplingi Buffington & van Noort; T. roberti Buffington & van Noort; Xenocynips rhothion Buffington & van Noort; and X. ronquisti Buffington & van Noort. We provide identification keys to the genera and species occurring in the Afrotropical region. Online dichotomous and interactive Lucid keys to genera and species are available at http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Keys/index.htm C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [van Noort, Simon] Iziko S African Museum, Nat Hist Dept, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [van Noort, Simon] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian NMNH, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 FU Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA/ARS; National Research Foundation Italy South-Africa [GUN 2068865]; NRF grant [GUN 61497]; World Wildlife Fund (US) FX MLB thanks the Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA/ARS for funding museum research in Europe in June, 2010. SVN was funded by the National Research Foundation Italy South-Africa agreement under Grant GUN 2068865 and NRF grant GUN 61497. The expedition to the Central African Republic was supported by funds from the World Wildlife Fund (US). The Ugandan Wildlife Authority and UNCST provided permits to conduct research in Uganda. We thank Dr. Richard Bagine, Director of Research, Kenya Wildlife Service for granting R. S. Copeland permission to sample in Kenyan National Parks and Reserves. Dr. Helida Oyieke, Head of Collections and Research, National Museums of Kenya, was instrumental in granting permission to loan insects for study. We also acknowledge and thank Deb Paul and MorphBank (http://www.morphbank.net), (Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL), and Norm Johnson and Joe Cora of vSyslab (Ohio State University, Columbus, OH) for technical assistance; we also thank Joe Cora for helping to generate our distribution maps. Istvan Miko (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC) helped generate the URI table. Doug Yanega (UC Riverside, Riverside, CA) helped clarify nomenclatural issues surrounding Oberthuerella lenticularis. David Notton (The Natural History Museum, London), Claire Villemont (Natural History Museum, Paris), Eliane de Conick (Africa Museum, Tervuren), Robert Zuparko (California Academy of Arts and Science, San Francisco), Lubomir Masner (Canadian National Insect Collection, Ottawa), and Zhiwei Liu (Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL) assisted with loans and specimen queries, and their help is greatly appreciated. Stewart McKamey, Thomas J. Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Washington, DC), George Melika (Plant Pest Laboratory, Tanakajd, Hungary), Johan Liljeblad (Swedish Species Information Centre, Uppsala, Sweden), Istvan Miko and one additional anonymous reviewer, greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. USDA is an equality opportunity employer and provider. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2012 IS 202 SI SI BP 1 EP 154 DI 10.3897/zookeys.202.2136 PG 154 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 000HU UT WOS:000308378100001 PM 22773909 ER PT J AU Xia, R Zhu, H An, YQ Beers, EP Liu, ZR AF Xia, Rui Zhu, Hong An, Yong-qiang Beers, Eric P. Liu, Zongrang TI Apple miRNAs and tasiRNAs with novel regulatory networks SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-ACTING SIRNAS; R2R3-MYB GENE FAMILY; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PLANT MICRORNAS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSIFICATION; INTERFERING RNA; TARGETS; DNA AB Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory functions have been extensively characterized in model species but whether apple has evolved similar or unique regulatory features remains unknown. Results: We performed deep small RNA-seq and identified 23 conserved, 10 less-conserved and 42 apple-specific miRNAs or families with distinct expression patterns. The identified miRNAs target 118 genes representing a wide range of enzymatic and regulatory activities. Apple also conserves two TAS gene families with similar but unique trans-acting small interfering RNA (tasiRNA) biogenesis profiles and target specificities. Importantly, we found that miR159, miR828 and miR858 can collectively target up to 81 MYB genes potentially involved in diverse aspects of plant growth and development. These miRNA target sites are differentially conserved among MYBs, which is largely influenced by the location and conservation of the encoded amino acid residues in MYB factors. Finally, we found that 10 of the 19 miR828-targeted MYBs undergo small interfering RNA (siRNA) biogenesis at the 3' cleaved, highly divergent transcript regions, generating over 100 sequence-distinct siRNAs that potentially target over 70 diverse genes as confirmed by degradome analysis. Conclusions: Our work identified and characterized apple miRNAs, their expression patterns, targets and regulatory functions. We also discovered that three miRNAs and the ensuing siRNAs exploit both conserved and divergent sequence features of MYB genes to initiate distinct regulatory networks targeting a multitude of genes inside and outside the MYB family. C1 [Xia, Rui; Zhu, Hong; Beers, Eric P.; Liu, Zongrang] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Xia, Rui] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Alson H Smith Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Xia, Rui; Zhu, Hong; Liu, Zongrang] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [An, Yong-qiang] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov OI Xia, Rui/0000-0003-2409-1181 NR 79 TC 89 Z9 306 U1 7 U2 57 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2012 VL 13 IS 6 AR R47 DI 10.1186/gb-2012-13-6-r47 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 002QD UT WOS:000308546300007 PM 22704043 ER PT J AU Feng, XM Sun, G Fu, BJ Su, CH Liu, Y Lamparski, H AF Feng, X. M. Sun, G. Fu, B. J. Su, C. H. Liu, Y. Lamparski, H. TI Regional effects of vegetation restoration on water yield across the Loess Plateau, China SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MEAN ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; AVERAGE ANNUAL STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; LAND-USE; AFFORESTATION; CATCHMENT; IMPACTS; SPLINES; RUNOFF; SCALE AB The general relationships between vegetation and water yield under different climatic regimes are well established at a small watershed scale in the past century. However, applications of these basic theories to evaluate the regional effects of land cover change on water resources remain challenging due to the complex interactions of vegetation and climatic variability and hydrologic processes at the large scale. The objective of this study was to explore ways to examine the spatial and temporal effects of a large ecological restoration project on water yield across the Loess Plateau region in northern China. We estimated annual water yield as the difference between precipitation input and modelled actual evapotranspiration (ET) output. We constructed a monthly ET model using published ET data derived from eddy flux measurements and watershed streamflow data. We validated the ET models at a watershed and regional levels. The model was then applied to examine regional water yield under land cover change and climatic variability during the implementation of the Grain-for-Green (GFG) project during 1999-2007. We found that water yield in 38% of the Loess Plateau area might have decreased (1-48 mm per year) as a result of land cover change alone. However, combined with climatic variability, 37% of the study area might have seen a decrease in water yield with a range of 1-54 mm per year, and 35% of the study area might have seen an increase with a range of 1-10 mm per year. Across the study region, climate variability masked or strengthened the water yield response to vegetation restoration. The absolute annual water yield change due to vegetation restoration varied with precipitation regimes with the highest in wet years, but the relative water yield changes were most pronounced in dry years. We concluded that the effects of land cover change associated with ecological restoration varied greatly over time and space and were strongly influenced by climatic variability in the arid region. The current regional vegetation restoration projects have variable effects on local water resources across the region. Land management planning must consider the influences of spatial climate variability and long-term climate change on water yield to be more effective for achieving environmental sustainability. C1 [Feng, X. M.; Fu, B. J.; Su, C. H.; Lamparski, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sc, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Sun, G.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Liu, Y.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Feng, XM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sc, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM fengxm@rcees.ac.cn RI Fu, Bojie/B-1493-2009 FU National Basic Research Priorities Programme of China [2009CB421104]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40801070]; CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Programme for Innovation Research Teams of "Ecosystem Processes and Services"; USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center FX The research was supported by National Basic Research Priorities Programme of China (No. 2009CB421104), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40801070), the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Programme for Innovation Research Teams of "Ecosystem Processes and Services". GIMMS AVHRR-NDVI data and SPOT VEGETATION data were provided from Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China, (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn). Partial support also comes from the USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center. Also we would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that helped improve the quality of this paper. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 74 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2617 EP 2628 DI 10.5194/hess-16-2617-2012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 998ND UT WOS:000308245800016 ER PT J AU Caldwell, PV Sun, G McNulty, SG Cohen, EC Myers, JAM AF Caldwell, P. V. Sun, G. McNulty, S. G. Cohen, E. C. Myers, J. A. Moore TI Impacts of impervious cover, water withdrawals, and climate change on river flows in the conterminous US SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; MODEL; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; CIRCULATION; HYDROLOGY; DAMS AB Rivers are essential to aquatic ecosystem and societal sustainability, but are increasingly impacted by water withdrawals, land-use change, and climate change. The relative and cumulative effects of these stressors on continental river flows are relatively unknown. In this study, we used an integrated water balance and flow routing model to evaluate the impacts of impervious cover and water withdrawal on river flow across the conterminous US at the 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) watershed scale. We then estimated the impacts of projected change in withdrawals, impervious cover, and climate under the B1 "Low" and A2 "High" emission scenarios on river flows by 2060. Our results suggest that compared to no impervious cover, 2010 levels of impervious cover increased river flows by 9.9% on average with larger impacts in and downstream of major metropolitan areas. In contrast, compared to no water withdrawals, 2005 withdrawals decreased river flows by 1.4% on average with larger impacts in heavily irrigated arid regions of Western US. By 2060, impacts of climate change were predicted to overwhelm the potential gain in river flow due to future changes in impervious cover and add to the potential reduction in river flows from withdrawals, decreasing mean annual river flows from 2010 levels by 16% on average. However, increases in impervious cover by 2060 may offset the impact of climate change during the growing season in some watersheds. Large water withdrawals will aggravate the predicted impact of climate change on river flows, particularly in the Western US. Predicted ecohydro-logical impacts of land cover, water withdrawal, and climate change will likely include alteration of the terrestrial water balance, stream channel habitat, riparian and aquatic community structure in snow-dominated basins, and fish and mussel extirpations in heavily impacted watersheds. These changes may also require new infrastructure to support increasing anthropogenic demand for water, relocation of agricultural production, and/or water conservation measures. Given that the impacts of land use, withdrawals and climate may be either additive or offsetting in different magnitudes, integrated and spatially explicit modeling and management approaches are necessary to effectively manage water resources for aquatic life and human use in the face of global change. C1 [Caldwell, P. V.; Sun, G.; McNulty, S. G.; Cohen, E. C.; Myers, J. A. Moore] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Caldwell, PV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. EM pcaldwell02@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center; National Science Foundation grant Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM), program solicitation [NSF 10-554, 1049200] FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, and National Science Foundation grant Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM), program solicitation NSF 10-554 (Award no. 1049200). We also wish to thank Victor Koren of the NOAA National Weather Service for providing SAC-SMA soil parameter input data, and the two anonymous reviewers and editor whose comments improved the quality and scientific impact of this manuscript. NR 70 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 57 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2839 EP 2857 DI 10.5194/hess-16-2839-2012 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 998ND UT WOS:000308245800032 ER PT J AU Anderson, WB Zaitchik, BF Hain, CR Anderson, MC Yilmaz, MT Mecikalski, J Schultz, L AF Anderson, W. B. Zaitchik, B. F. Hain, C. R. Anderson, M. C. Yilmaz, M. T. Mecikalski, J. Schultz, L. TI Towards an integrated soil moisture drought monitor for East Africa SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; ERS SCATTEROMETER; NEAR-SURFACE; VEGETATION; SATELLITE; WEATHER; TEMPERATURE; COLLOCATION; VALIDATION; SCALES AB Drought in East Africa is a recurring phenomenon with significant humanitarian impacts. Given the steep climatic gradients, topographic contrasts, general data scarcity, and, in places, political instability that characterize the region, there is a need for spatially distributed, remotely derived monitoring systems to inform national and international drought response. At the same time, the very diversity and data scarcity that necessitate remote monitoring also make it difficult to evaluate the reliability of these systems. Here we apply a suite of remote monitoring techniques to characterize the temporal and spatial evolution of the 2010-2011 Horn of Africa drought. Diverse satellite observations allow for evaluation of meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological aspects of drought, each of which is of interest to different stakeholders. Focusing on soil moisture, we apply triple collocation analysis (TCA) to three independent methods for estimating soil moisture anomalies to characterize relative error between products and to provide a basis for objective data merging. The three soil moisture methods evaluated include microwave remote sensing using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer -Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sensor, thermal remote sensing using the Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) surface energy balance algorithm, and physically based land surface modeling using the Noah land surface model. It was found that the three soil moisture monitoring methods yield similar drought anomaly estimates in areas characterized by extremely low or by moderate vegetation cover, particularly during the below-average 2011 long rainy season. Systematic discrepancies were found, however, in regions of moderately low vegetation cover and high vegetation cover, especially during the failed 2010 short rains. The merged, TCA-weighted soil moisture composite product takes advantage of the relative strengths of each method, as judged by the consistency of anomaly estimates across independent methods. This approach holds potential as a remote soil moisturebased drought monitoring system that is robust across the diverse climatic and ecological zones of East Africa. C1 [Anderson, W. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zaitchik, B. F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hain, C. R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, M. C.; Yilmaz, M. T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Mecikalski, J.; Schultz, L.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Atmospher Sci Dept, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Anderson, WB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM weston.b.anderson@gmail.com RI Zaitchik, Benjamin/B-9461-2013; Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NASA Applied Sciences grant [NNX09AT61G] FX This study was supported in part by NASA Applied Sciences grant NNX09AT61G. NR 56 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2893 EP 2913 DI 10.5194/hess-16-2893-2012 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 998ND UT WOS:000308245800036 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Chase, L Kestenbaum, D Mastrangelo, C AF Anderson, Laura Chase, Lisa Kestenbaum, David Mastrangelo, Cristina TI Ecolabels for Passenger Transportation: Understanding Motorcoach Company Receptiveness to a Pilot Green Certification Program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION LA English DT Article DE environmental practices; green certification; motorcoach travel ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR; DETERMINANTS; TOURISM AB In 2009, an internet survey was administered to members of two motorcoach associations to examine sustainability in the passenger transportation sector in the context of environmental certification. Higher levels of company leader familiarity with green practices, more positive company leader attitudes towards these practices, and more green practices within a company were found among groups of company leaders who indicated a greater willingness to participate in a pilot certification program. Additionally, significant positive correlations were found between company leader familiarity with environmental practices, company leader attitudes towards environmental practices, and the number of environmental practices at companies. C1 [Anderson, Laura] Univ Vermont, RSENR, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Chase, Lisa] Univ Vermont, UVM Extens, Brattleboro, VT USA. [Kestenbaum, David] Univ Vermont, UVM Extens, Colchester, VT USA. [Mastrangelo, Cristina] US Forest Serv, Bend, OR USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), Univ Vermont, RSENR, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM landers2@uvm.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-8318 J9 INT J SUSTAIN TRANSP JI Int. J. Sustain. Transp. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 125 EP 142 DI 10.1080/15568318.2011.626889 PG 18 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Studies; Transportation SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 996XY UT WOS:000308129300002 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Alves, AP Wang, HC Walden, KKO French, BW Miller, NJ Abel, CA Robertson, HM Sappington, TW Siegfried, BD AF Coates, Brad S. Alves, Analiza P. Wang, Haichuan Walden, Kimberly K. O. French, B. Wade Miller, Nicholas J. Abel, Craig A. Robertson, Hugh M. Sappington, Thomas W. Siegfried, Blair D. TI Distribution of Genes and Repetitive Elements in the Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Genome Estimated Using BAC Sequencing SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; MULTIPLE TRANSATLANTIC INTRODUCTIONS; ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; LABORATORY COLONIES; WEB SERVER; SIZE; POPULATION AB Feeding damage caused by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is destructive to corn plants in North America and Europe where control remains challenging due to evolution of resistance to chemical and transgenic toxins. A BAC library, DvvBAC1, containing 109,486 clones with 104 +/- 34.5 kb inserts was created, which has an similar to 4.56X genome coverage based upon a 2.58 Gb (2.80 pg) flow cytometry-estimated haploid genome size. Paired end sequencing of 1037 BAC inserts produced 1.17 Mb of data (similar to 0.05% genome coverage) and indicated similar to 9.4 and 16.0% of reads encode, respectively, endogenous genes and transposable elements (TEs). Sequencing genes within BAC full inserts demonstrated that TE densities are high within intergenic and intron regions and contribute to the increased gene size. Comparison of homologous genome regions cloned within different BAC clones indicated that TE movement may cause haplotype variation within the inbred strain. The data presented here indicate that the D. virgifera virgifera genome is large in size and contains a high proportion of repetitive sequence. These BAC sequencing methods that are applicable for characterization of genomes prior to sequencing may likely be valuable resources for genome annotation as well as scaffolding. C1 [Coates, Brad S.; Abel, Craig A.; Sappington, Thomas W.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Coates, Brad S.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Alves, Analiza P.; Wang, Haichuan; Miller, Nicholas J.; Siegfried, Blair D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Robertson, Hugh M.] Univ Illinois, Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [French, B. Wade] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brad.coates@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286 FU Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA [3543] FX This research was a joint contribution from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (CRIS Project 3625-22000-017-00D), Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Project 3543), the University of Nebraska, and the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the parties herein for their use. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2012 AR 604076 DI 10.1155/2012/604076 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 997UA UT WOS:000308190800001 ER PT J AU Barron, ES Emery, MR AF Barron, Elizabeth S. Emery, Marla R. TI Implications of Variation in Social-Ecological Systems for the Development of US Fungal Management Policy SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE fungi; nontimber forest products; participatory research; resource management; wild edible mushrooms ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FORESTRY ORGANIZATIONS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; OREGON; MUSHROOMS; KNOWLEDGE; SCALE AB Public lands fungal management in the United States developed in direct response to commercial harvesting in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) in the 1980s. In the early 2000s, concerns over declining morel mushroom abundance in national parks in the greater Washington, DC, region (NCR) led to the creation of harvest limits and stimulated research on the social-ecological system of morels in that region. In this article we compare findings from research on morel harvesting conducted at two national parks in the NCR from 2004 to 2007, with fungal management from two federal units in the PNW. We find substantial differences in existing regulatory policies, historical and cultural harvesting practices, and taxonomic and ecological variation in Morchella, indicating the need for regionally specific management. To address these differences, we recommend a participatory approach incorporating the local social-ecological specificities of mushroom harvesting and ecology that are missed at coarser spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Barron, Elizabeth S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Emery, Marla R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. RP Barron, ES (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 16 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ebarron@oeb.harvard.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2012 VL 25 IS 10 BP 996 EP 1011 DI 10.1080/08941920.2011.650348 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 996ZN UT WOS:000308133600004 ER PT J AU Gao, F De Colstoun, EB Ma, RH Weng, QH Masek, JG Chen, J Pan, YZ Song, CH AF Gao, Feng De Colstoun, Eric Brown Ma, Ronghua Weng, Qihao Masek, Jeffrey G. Chen, Jin Pan, Yaozhong Song, Conghe TI Mapping impervious surface expansion using medium-resolution satellite image time series: a case study in the Yangtze River Delta, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; LAND-USE CHANGE; URBAN-GROWTH; CITY LIGHTS; URBANIZATION; COVER; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSCAPE; CLIMATE; SCALE AB Cities have been expanding rapidly worldwide, especially over the past few decades. Mapping the dynamic expansion of impervious surface in both space and time is essential for an improved understanding of the urbanization process, land-cover and land-use change, and their impacts on the environment. Landsat and other medium-resolution satellites provide the necessary spatial details and temporal frequency for mapping impervious surface expansion over the past four decades. Since the US Geological Survey opened the historical record of the Landsat image archive for free access in 2008, the decades-old bottleneck of data limitation has gone. Remote-sensing scientists are now rich with data, and the challenge is how to make best use of this precious resource. In this article, we develop an efficient algorithm to map the continuous expansion of impervious surface using a time series of four decades of medium-resolution satellite images. The algorithm is based on a supervised classification of the time-series image stack using a decision tree. Each imerpervious class represents urbanization starting in a different image. The algorithm also allows us to remove inconsistent training samples because impervious expansion is not reversible during the study period. The objective is to extract a time series of complete and consistent impervious surface maps from a corresponding times series of images collected from multiple sensors, and with a minimal amount of image preprocessing effort. The approach was tested in the lower Yangtze River Delta region, one of the fastest urban growth areas in China. Results from nearly four decades of medium-resolution satellite data from the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) and China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) show a consistent urbanization process that is consistent with economic development plans and policies. The time-series impervious spatial extent maps derived from this study agree well with an existing urban extent polygon data set that was previously developed independently. The overall mapping accuracy was estimated at about 92.5% with 3% commission error and 12% omission error for the impervious type from all images regardless of image quality and initial spatial resolution. C1 [Song, Conghe] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gao, Feng] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [De Colstoun, Eric Brown; Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ma, Ronghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Weng, Qihao] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Chen, Jin; Pan, Yaozhong] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Song, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM csong@email.unc.edu RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Song, Conghe/E-3087-2016 OI Song, Conghe/0000-0002-4099-4906 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Science Team project; NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) project; Strategic Priority Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05050106] FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Science Team project, the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) project and the Strategic Priority Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues, Grant No. XDA05050106. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 60 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 24 BP 7609 EP 7628 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.700424 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 979RE UT WOS:000306836700001 ER PT J AU Erwin, TL White, WH AF Erwin, Terry L. White, William H. TI The Nearctic-Caribbean species Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius, 1801): Larval descriptions with a diagnosis of immature Ctenodactylini and natural history notes on the genus and tribe (Coleoptera, Carabidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane Savior Beetle; Louisiana; commensalism; Sugarcane; Saccharum officinarum L.; Sugarcane Borer; Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) AB Adults and larvae of Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius), the Sugarcane Savior Beetle, live in association with grasses, the larvae in the appressed leaf axils. Both adult and larval L. dorsalis eat larvae of the Sugarcane Borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius), and perhaps other insects living in the confines of the leaf sheaths of that and other grass-like species. The geographic range of L. dorsalis extends from Kansas in the west to the Atlantic seaboard, north as far as Ontario, Canada and south to Cuba; it is an eastern species of North America and the Caribbean. Larval character attributes that are shared with a related ctenodactyline, Askalaphium depressum (Bates), provide a preliminary basis for characterization of the immatures of tribe Ctenodactylini. C1 [Erwin, Terry L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Hyperdivers Grp, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [White, William H.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Erwin, TL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Hyperdivers Grp, MRC-187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM erwint@si.edu FU American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A., Inc. FX We thank Randy Richard and Elta Duet of the USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Unit for valuable assistance in the field and laboratory. We also thank Warren Steiner for specimen preparation and general collection assistance, Young Sohn who provided the excellent larval illustrations, Charyn Micheli for literature research and critical review of the manuscript, as well as Karolyn Darrow for her assistance with rendering and arranging the many illustration plates and photos; all four individuals are part of the important technical staff of the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution. Lourdes Chamorro (USDA Staff in NMNH) also provided a critical review of the manuscript. Funding for this study was received from the American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A., Inc. and publication costs borne by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. We also thank two excellent anonymous reviewers who contributed much to the final product, although we are responsible for any errors that might still be maintained in the final product. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2012 IS 194 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.3897/zookeys.194.3308 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 979YP UT WOS:000306861100002 PM 22679382 ER PT J AU Samala, A Srinivasan, R Yadav, MP Kim, TJ Prewitt, L AF Samala, Aditya Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan Yadav, Madhav P. Kim, Tae-Jo Prewitt, Lynn TI XYLO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES PRODUCTION BY AUTOHYDROLYSIS OF CORN FIBER SEPARATED FROM DDGS SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE DDGS; Oligosaccharides; Corn fiber; Feedstock; XOS ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; WOOD; PRETREATMENT; INFECTION AB Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are reported to have beneficial health properties, and they are considered to be functional food ingredients. Corn fiber separated from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) could be a valuable feedstock for XOS production. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy for autohydrolysis to produce XOS using fiber separated from DDGS and to determine the optimum temperature for XOS production. Corn fiber was treated with deionized water in a Parr-reactor, at temperatures ranging from 140 to 220 degrees C to produce XOS. The maximum total yield of XOS in the solution was 18.6 wt% of the corn fiber at 180 degrees C. C1 [Samala, Aditya; Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Yadav, Madhav P.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Kim, Tae-Jo] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Hlth Promot, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Prewitt, Lynn] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Box 9632, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rs634@msstate.edu FU Sustainable Energy Research Centre (SERC) FX We thank Kaleb Smith, Bubba Trammell, and Ravi Challa for their technical assistance and Sustainable Energy Research Centre (SERC) for providing partial funding for this project. We thank Dr. Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products, ERRC, ARS, USDA, for critically reviewing the manuscript. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 3038 EP 3050 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 990OI UT WOS:000307639900026 ER PT J AU Qing, Y Sabo, R Wu, YQ Cai, ZY AF Qing, Yan Sabo, Ronald Wu, Yiqiang Cai, Zhiyong TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE CELLULOSE NANOFIBRIL COMPOSITE FILMS SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Cellulose nanofibril; Phenol formaldehyde; Mechanical properties; Electron microscopy; Thermal degradation; Hygroscopic capacity ID MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE; POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Cellulose nanofibril/phenol formaldehyde (CNF/PF) composite films with high work of fracture were prepared by filtering a mixture of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized wood nanofibers and water-soluble phenol formaldehyde with resin contents ranging from 5 to 20 wt%, followed by hot pressing. The composites were characterized by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and moisture/water absorption. Neat CNF films had tensile stress and Young's modulus of 232 MPa and 4.79 GPa, respectively. PF resin was found to be well dispersed in the composites, although the resin increased the roughness of the film surfaces. Hygroscopic capacities of the composites were dramatically reduced, as compared to neat films, in both high humidity environments and when soaked in water. The composites exhibited slightly reduced tensile strength with modestly increased storage modulus compared to neat CNF films. Remarkably, the work of fracture ranged from 20 to 27 MJ/m(3), making these films among the toughest reported for cellulose nanocomposites. C1 [Qing, Yan; Sabo, Ronald; Cai, Zhiyong] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Qing, Yan; Wu, Yiqiang] Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Sabo, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rsabo@fs.fed.us; zcai@fs.fed.us FU national "948" project of China [2009-4-51] FX Enormous gratitude is offered to Rick Reiner for preparing and supplying cellulose nanofibers. The authors would also like to acknowledge Benjamin Treml for help with tensile testing. Tom Kuster and Jane O'Dell are kindly acknowledged for SEM and DMTA tests, respectively. The authors would also like to thank Joseph Jakes and Jane O'Dell for performing AFM scans. This work was partly supported by the national "948" project of China (2009-4-51). NR 29 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 22 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 3064 EP 3075 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 990OI UT WOS:000307639900028 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Jiang, ZH Fei, BH Pan, XJ Cai, ZY Liu, XE Yu, Y AF Li, Zhiqiang Jiang, Zehui Fei, Benhua Pan, Xunjun Cai, Zhiyong Liu, Xing'e Yu, Yan TI ETHANOL ORGANOSOLV PRETREATMENT OF BAMBOO FOR EFFICIENT ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Bamboo; Bioethanol; Ethanol organosolv pretreatment; Dilute acid ID BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; HYDROLYSIS; BIOCONVERSION; POPLAR AB Bamboo is a potential lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol because of its high cellulose and hemicelluloses content. In this research, ethanol organosolv pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid as the catalyst was studied in order to enhance enzymatic saccharification of moso bamboo. The addition of 2% (w/w bamboo) dilute sulfuric acid in 75% ethanol had a particularly strong effect on fractionation of bamboo. It yielded a solids fraction containing 83.4% cellulose in the treated substrate. The cellulose conversion to glucose yield reached 77.1 to 83.4% after enzymatic hydrolysis of the solids fraction for 48 h at an enzyme loading of 15 FPU cellulase/g cellulose and 30 IU beta-glucosidase/g cellulose. The enzymatic hydrolysis rate was significantly accelerated as the ethanol organosolv pretreatment time increased, reaching the highest enzymatic glucose yield of 83.4% after 48 h at 50 degrees C. The concentrations of fermentation inhibitors such as HMF (5-hydroxy-2-methyl furfural) and furfural were 0.96 g/L and 4.38 g/L in the spent liquor after the ethanol organosolv pretreatment, which were slightly lower than the concentrations quantified during H2SO4-water treatment. Spent liquor was diluted with water, and more than 87.2% of lignin in raw bamboo was recovered as ethanol organosolv lignin through the filtration process. C1 [Li, Zhiqiang; Jiang, Zehui; Fei, Benhua; Liu, Xing'e; Yu, Yan] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Pan, Xunjun] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. EM jiangzehui@icbr.ac.cn; xpan@wisc.edu FU Fundamental Research Funds for the International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan [1632012001] FX The authors are grateful for the support of 'the Fundamental Research Funds for the International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan', Grant. No. 1632012001. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 3452 EP 3462 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 990OI UT WOS:000307639900059 ER PT J AU Jiang, JL Lu, JX Cai, ZY AF Jiang, Jiali Lu, Jianxiong Cai, Zhiyong TI THE VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF CHINESE FIR WOOD DURING MOISTURE SORPTION PROCESS SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Changing process of moisture; Dynamic modulus of elasticity; Logarithmic decrement; Anisotropic characteristics ID SUGAR MAPLE WOOD; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CREEP BEHAVIORS; HARDWOODS AB The vibrational properties of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood were investigated in this study as a function of changes in moisture content (MC) and grain direction. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) and logarithmic decrement (delta) were examined using a cantilever beam vibration testing apparatus. It was observed that DMOE and d of wood varied widely during moisture adsorption and desorption. The DMOE of wood conditioned by the adsorption process showed significant increases during the later stages of conditioning when the MC scarcely changed. However, with the desorption process, the DMOE did not increase as much during the later stages of conditioning, though they increased during the early stages of conditioning when the MC greatly decreased. These results suggest that wood in an unstable state, caused via the existing state of moisture, shows different vibrational behaviors. Furthermore, the parallel to grain direction showed much higher DMOE and lower d when compared to the perpendicular to grain direction. The variation of vibrational properties between parallel and perpendicular to grain direction under constant MC and during moisture adsorption process could be attributed due to the microscopic, macroscopic molecular, as well as chemical constituents of wood. C1 [Jiang, Jiali; Lu, Jianxiong] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, State Forestry Adm, Key Lab Wood Sci & Technol, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Jiali; Lu, Jianxiong] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst New Technol, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Cai, Zhiyong] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lu, JX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, State Forestry Adm, Key Lab Wood Sci & Technol, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM jianxiong@caf.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31000266]; Research Institute of New technology, Special Fund for Fundamental Research [CAFINT2010C01] FX This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31000266) and Research Institute of New technology, Special Fund for Fundamental Research (No. CAFINT2010C01). NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 3585 EP 3596 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 990OI UT WOS:000307639900069 ER PT J AU Ianchovichina, EI Darwin, R Shoemaker, R AF Ianchovichina, Elena I. Darwin, Roy Shoemaker, Robin BE Ianchovichina, EI Walmsley, TL TI Resource Use and Technological Progress in Agriculture SO DYNAMIC MODELING AND APPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ianchovichina, Elena I.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Darwin, Roy; Shoemaker, Robin] USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Ianchovichina, EI (reprint author), World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-10701-169-4 PY 2012 BP 269 EP 289 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139059923 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BBB33 UT WOS:000306338600010 ER PT J AU Nelson, LA Scheffer, SJ Yeates, DK AF Nelson, Leigh A. Scheffer, Sonja J. Yeates, David K. TI Species diversity of Fergusonina Malloch gall flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) forming leaf bud galls on snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. complex), with a description of a new species from Tasmania SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Myrtaceae; morphology; mutualism; nematode ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; TYLENCHIDA NEOTYLENCHIDAE; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; 1ST RECORD; MYRTACEAE; NEMATODE; FLY; ASSOCIATIONS; CHLOROPLAST AB A new species of Fergusonina (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) fly is described from terminal leaf bud galls (TLBGs) from the Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. (snow gum) species complex from Australia. Fergusonina tasmaniensis Nelson sp.n. is the first species from the genus Fergusonina to be described from Tasmania and the fourth from this host complex. Fergusonina tasmaniensis sp.n. can be distinguished from the other snow gum Fergusonina species by differences in adult size, markings on the mesonotum and the male genitalia, and from all other described Fergusonina by host specificity and differences in adult colouration, setation, genitalia and the morphology of the larval dorsal shield. In a molecular phylogeny of the snow gum-inhabiting Fergusonina species, E tasmaniensis sp.n. was resolved as monophyletic, and sister (mean distance = 3.82%) to a clade comprising F. daviesae Nelson and Yeates and F. omlandi Nelson and Yeates (mean interspecific distance = 2.48%). C1 [Nelson, Leigh A.; Yeates, David K.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. [Scheffer, Sonja J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nelson, LA (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Clunies Ross St, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. EM nelson.leigh@gmail.com RI Yeates, David/A-9917-2008 OI Yeates, David/0000-0001-7729-6143 FU Schlinger Foundation; CSIRO FX This research was facilitated by funding from the Schlinger Foundation endowed to CSIRO. We thank Matt Lewis for collecting the molecular data. A CSIRO McMaster Fellowship funded S.J.S. while in Australia. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1399-560X EI 1876-312X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 2 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1163/1876312X04302001 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 986DJ UT WOS:000307320800003 ER PT J AU Amin, E Radwan, MM El-Hawary, SS Fathy, MM Mohammed, R Becnel, JJ Khan, I AF Amin, Elham Radwan, Mohamed M. El-Hawary, Seham S. Fathy, Magda M. Mohammed, Rabab Becnel, James J. Khan, Ikhlas TI Potent Insecticidal Secondary Metabolites from the Medicinal Plant Acanthus montanus SO RECORDS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Acanthaceae; Acanthus montanus; adult Aedes aegypti; beta-sitosterol glucoside; palmitic acid; protochatecuic acid; shikimic acid ID ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL; CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENTS; METHANOLIC EXTRACT; GLYCOSIDES; ILICIFOLIUS; ACANTHACEAE; ACID; BENZOXAZOLINONE; MEGASTIGMANE; GLUCOSIDES AB Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anders. (Family: Acanthaceae) is a small shrub with sparse branches and soft stems, widespread in Africa, the Balkans, Romania, Greece and Eastern Mediterranean. Documented evidence showed that the leaves of the plant possess spasmolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. In our ongoing research project; aimed at identifying new natural compounds with insecticidal activity, the alcohol extract of the aerial parts of A. montanus exhibited a significant activity against adult Aedes aegypti. Phytochemical study of the plant has resulted in isolation of nine compounds, eight of which exhibit variable degrees of insecticidal activity. beta-sitosterol-3-O- beta -D-glucoside (1) exhibited potent mosquitocidal activity (100% mortality) against adult Aedes aegypti at 1.25 mu g/mg concentration, followed by palmitic acid (2) (90%), linaroside (3) (80%), and acetoside (9) (70%) respectively. It is noteworthy that this is the first report of insecticidal activity of beta-sitosterol-3-O- beta -D-glucoside, linaroside and acetoside. C1 [Amin, Elham; Radwan, Mohamed M.; Khan, Ikhlas] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [El-Hawary, Seham S.; Fathy, Magda M.] Cairo Univ, Fac Pharm, Cairo, Egypt. [Radwan, Mohamed M.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Pharm, Alexxandria, Egypt. [Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Amin, Elham; Mohammed, Rabab] Beni Suef Univ, Fac Pharm, Bani Suwayf, Egypt. RP Khan, I (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. OI Radwan, Mohamed/0000-0002-7393-8601 FU Egyptian Government through The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research; Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program (DWFP); U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB); USDA ARS NPURU FX Elham Amin thanks the Egyptian Government for the fellowship through The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. This study was also supported by a grant from Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program (DWFP), the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) and the USDA ARS NPURU. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACG PUBLICATIONS PI GEBZE-KOCAELI PA EMLAK BANKASI MUTLUKENT KONUTLARI, OKYANUS 3 D-4, GEBZE-KOCAELI, 00000, TURKEY SN 1307-6167 J9 REC NAT PROD JI Rec. Nat. Prod. PY 2012 VL 6 IS 3 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 980WR UT WOS:000306925400013 ER PT J AU Rand, TA Waters, DK Shanower, TG Berzonsky, WA AF Rand, Tatyana A. Waters, Debra K. Shanower, Thomas G. Berzonsky, William A. TI Effects of genotypic variation in stem solidity on parasitism of a grass-mining insect SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plant resistance; Indirect effects; Stem morphology; Stem toughness; Plant-herbivore interactions; Host-parasitoid dynamics; Trophic interactions; Cephus cinctus; Bracon cephi; Bracon lissogaster ID SAWFLY HYMENOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; PLANT GENOTYPE; SPRING WHEAT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CEPHUS-CINCTUS; CEPHIDAE; REGISTRATION; HERBIVORES AB Host plant traits can play a significant role in influencing the importance, direction and intensity of tri-trophic interactions by both direct and indirect pathways. A major goal in applied tri-trophic research has been to determine whether breeding for host plant resistance traits can be combined with biological control to develop a more comprehensive control strategy. An important component of developing such a strategy is understanding how host resistance traits affect natural enemy prey interactions for important pest insects. Here we examine the influence of genotypic variation in stem solidity, the primary trait conferring resistance against the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, on parasitism of this major pest of wheat by its native braconid parasitoids. To do so, we conducted a field experiment in which we established replicate plots of 23 wheat genotypes that varied in levels of stem solidity, and quantified herbivore abundance and levels of parasitism across three sites in two years. Increasing stem solidity was associated with an approximately four-fold reduction in average parasitism rates, both across experimental plots and across wheat genotypes. Our analyses suggest that these effects were primarily direct, rather than indirectly mediated via effects of stem solidity on herbivore infestation levels or density. Interestingly, wheat genotype also had a significant influence on levels of parasitism, independent of its effects on stem solidity. Overall, our results suggest that although increasing stem solidity generally reduces parasitism, significant genotypic variability in average parasitism levels exist within solidity categories. Thus it may be possible to select resistant solid stemmed genotypes that also maintain relatively high parasitism levels. To our knowledge, our study is among the first to demonstrate a strong direct effect of genotypic variation in stem solidity on parasitism of grass mining insects, with important applied implications. C1 [Rand, Tatyana A.; Waters, Debra K.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Shanower, Thomas G.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Berzonsky, William A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rand, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Tatyana.Rand@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2012.03.005 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981QD UT WOS:000306983500005 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Alderman, D Schnabel, D AF Luppold, William G. Alderman, Delton Schnabel, Doug TI Changes in Tennessee's Secondary Hardwood Processing and Sawmill Industries from 2005 to 2009 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Tennessee is in the center of the Eastern hardwood region and has experienced large declines in employment by primary and secondary hardwood processors since 2005 in a pattern similar to the one these processors have experienced nationally. The objective of this article is to examine changes in national hardwood processing industries between 2005 and 2009 and compare these changes with changes in secondary manufacturing employment and hardwood lumber production in Tennessee. The decline in employment in Tennessee's furniture industry was caused by increased imports of wooden furniture from Asia and reduced domestic furniture demand as the result of the 2009 recession. Reduced employment in Tennessee's flooring and kitchen cabinet industry was a function of the decline in home construction, large firms shifting production to other states, and the 2009 recession. Employment in the millwork industry was less affected perhaps because of shifts in production by larger firms from northern and western states to Tennessee. Declines in hardwood lumber consumption caused most large and very large sawmills in Tennessee to downsize and several medium and small mills to go out of business. The short-term outlook for Tennessee's secondary and primary hardwood manufacturers continues to be bleak except for pallets, crossties, and exports. C1 [Luppold, William G.; Alderman, Delton] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. [Schnabel, Doug] Tennessee Div Forestry, Nashville, TN USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us; dalderman@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 987LI UT WOS:000307418100001 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Pound, JM Miller, JA Klavons, JA Davey, RB AF Lohmeyer, Kimberly H. Pound, J. Mathews Miller, J. Allen Klavons, Jerome A. Davey, Ronald B. TI Use of a Molasses-based Liquid Feed Supplement to Deliver Ivermectin to Cattle to Control Ectoparasites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Feed supplement; free-choice molasses; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus; tick control ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BOOPHILUS-ANNULATUS ACARI; IVOMEC SR BOLUS; LONE STAR TICKS; SOUTH TEXAS; INJECTABLE MICROSPHERES; IXODIDAE; ARTIODACTYLA; CERVIDAE; SERUM AB Two different dosages of ivermectin (25 ppm and 100ppm) were used to medicate a liquid molasses feed supplement for free-choice consumption by cattle. Calves that fed on supplement medicated at 25 ppm with ivermectin had a 14 day mean consumption of 0.62 +/- 0.07 kg supplement/animal/day producing an average close of 15.5 mg of ivermectin per calf. The mean ivermectin level in serum for the 25 ppm rate was 15.7 +/- 2.6 ppb for days 8 - 14 of the study, and the peak average ivermectin blood serum level was 20 +/- 8.8 ppb on the fifteenth day, one day after the last day of treatment. Calves that fed on supplement medicated at 100 ppm ivermectin had a 14 day mean consumption of 0.63 +/- 0.14 kg supplement/animal/day, producing an average daily dose of 63 mg of ivermectin per calf. The peak average ivermectin blood serum level for the 100 ppm rate was 85.6 +/- 23.6 ppb on the tenth day of treatment; and for days 8 - 14 of the trial the mean ivermectin blood serum level was 76.7 +/- 6.2 ppb. Seven days after termination of the study, no ivermectin was detected in the serum of cattle treated at the 25 ppm rate, while cattle treated at the 100 ppm rate still had ivermectin detectable at similar to 14 ppb. Fourteen days after termination of treatment, no ivermectin was detected in the serum of cattle treated at the 100 ppm rate. An ivermectin blood serum level of >= 10 ppb is known to control biting flies and ticks on cattle, suggesting that use of a molasses-based liquid feed supplement as a delivery method for systemically active drugs could be beneficial to the USDA-APHIS-VS Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program. C1 [Lohmeyer, Kimberly H.; Pound, J. Mathews; Klavons, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Davey, Ronald B.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY SOLUTIONS LLC PI APOPKA PA PO BOX 2083, APOPKA, FL 32704-2083 USA SN 1542-2666 J9 INT J APPL RES VET M JI Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med. PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 981PR UT WOS:000306982200005 ER PT J AU Fan, ZY Keum, YS Li, QX Shelver, WL Guo, LH AF Fan, Zi-Yan Keum, Young Soo Li, Qing-Xiao Shelver, Weilin L. Guo, Liang-Hong TI Development of indirect competitive fluorescence immunoassay for 2,2 ',4,4 '-tetrabromodiphenyl ether using DNA/dye conjugate as antibody multiple labels SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polybrominated diphenyl ethers; fluorescence immunoassay; microplate; multiple labeling ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY; ENVIRONMENT; PBDES AB An indirect competitive fluorescence immunoassay using a DNA/dye conjugate as antibody multiple labels was developed on 96-well plates for the identification and quantification of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in aqueous samples. A hapten, 2,4,2'-tribromodiphenyl ether-4'-aldehyde, was synthesized, and was conjugated to bovine serum albumin to form a coating antigen. Specific recognition of the antigen by anti-PBDE antiserum was confirmed by a surface plasmon resonance measurement. In the immunoassay, the coating antigen was adsorbed on a 96-well plate first, and a sample, antiserum and biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody were then added and reacted sequentially. A biotinylatecl, double-stranded DNA with 219 base pairs was attached to the secondary antibody by using streptavidin as a molecular bridge. In situ multiple labeling of the antibody was accomplished after addition of a DNA-binding fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I. The working range of the immunoassay for the BDE-47 standard was 3.1-390 mu g/L, with an IC50 value of 15.6 mu g/L. The calculated LOD of the immunoassay is 0.73 mu g/L. The immunoassay demonstrated relatively high selectivity for BDE-47, showing very low cross-reactivity (< 3%) with BDE-15, BDE-153 and BDE-209. With a spiked river water sample containing 50 mu g/L BDE-47, quantification by the immunoassay was 41.9 mu g/L, which compared well with the standard GC-ECD method (45.7 mu g/L). The developed immunoassay provides a rapid screening tool for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental samples. C1 [Fan, Zi-Yan; Guo, Liang-Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Keum, Young Soo] Konkuk Univ Korea, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Li, Qing-Xiao] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Guo, LH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM sumioo.van@gmail.com; LHGuo@rcees.ac.cn RI Guo, Liang-Hong/A-2909-2012 FU Chinese Academy of Science [KSSCX-YW-G-059]; National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China [2007AA06A407]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20825519, 20890112, 20921063] FX This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Science (No. KSSCX -YW-G-059), the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA06A407) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20825519, 20890112, 20921063). We thank Yaxian Zhao for skillful technical support and Zongyan Cui for GC-ECD operation. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 29 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1334 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60929-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976JQ UT WOS:000306581100022 PM 23513455 ER PT J AU Hopper, KR Woolley, JB Hoelmer, K Wu, KM Qiao, GX Lee, SW AF Hopper, Keith R. Woolley, James B. Hoelmer, Kim Wu, Kongming Qiao, Ge-Xia Lee, Seunghwan TI An identification key to species in the mali complex of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with descriptions of three new species SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; taxonomy; biological control ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WASPS HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; SEQUENCES; APHID; PTEROMALIDAE; TRICHOGRAMMA; LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITOIDS AB The Aphelinus mali complex consists of eleven described species. Monophyly of this complex is well supported by a combination of traits: (1) a single complete row of setae proximal to the linea calva of the fore wing, with a few additional setae in the angle between this row and the marginal vein; (2) linea calva open (no setae at its posterior edge); (3) head and body dark except for parts of the metasoma; (4) meso- and metacoxae dark; (5) metafemur pale, (6) metatibia dark. Species within the complex have been distinguished by color and shape of antennal segments (particularly the third funicular segment), color of legs and metasoma, and relative length of ovipositor versus mesotibia. We provide a key for identifying species in the mali complex, and describe three new species, Aphelinus glycinis sp. n., Aphelinus rhamni sp. n., and Aphelinus coreae sp. n. from material in laboratory cultures originally reared from soybean aphid in China and Korea as candidates for biological control of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. C1 [Woolley, James B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hopper, Keith R.; Hoelmer, Kim] USDA ARS BIIR, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Wu, Kongming] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Qiao, Ge-Xia] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lee, Seunghwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Entomol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Woolley, JB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jimwoolley@tamu.edu FU North Central Soybean Research Program; NSF [DEB 0730616] FX Alyssa Mann, undergraduate student at Texas A&M University, helped with digital imaging and preparation of figures. Kathryn Lanier, USDA-ARS, Newark, Delaware, reared the cultures of A. coreae, A. glycinis and A. rhamni. We thank Istvan Miko for his generous help in reading the ms and helping us to standardize our terminology according to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology project, and for providing the table of uri's for anatomical terms used in the paper. We thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. This research was supported in part by funding from the North Central Soybean Research Program (KRH) and NSF award DEB 0730616 (JBW). NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2012 VL 26 BP 73 EP 96 DI 10.3897/JHR.26.2584 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 979ZJ UT WOS:000306863100004 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, C Carrion, AL Castro-Urgal, R Chamorro, S Gonzalez, VH Griswold, TL Herrera, HW McMullen, CK Olesen, JM Traveset, A AF Rasmussen, Claus Carrion, Ana L. Castro-Urgal, Rocio Chamorro, Susana Gonzalez, Victor H. Griswold, Terry L. Herrera, Henri W. McMullen, Conley K. Olesen, Jens M. Traveset, Anna TI Megachile timberlakei Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): Yet another adventive bee species to the Galapagos Archipelago SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID ISLANDS; INSECTS C1 [Rasmussen, Claus; Olesen, Jens M.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Carrion, Ana L.; Chamorro, Susana; Herrera, Henri W.] Charles Darwin Fdn, Galapagos, Quito, Ecuador. [Castro-Urgal, Rocio; Chamorro, Susana; Traveset, Anna] Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats CSIC UIB, Terr Ecol Grp, Mallorca 07190, Illes Balears, Spain. [Gonzalez, Victor H.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Div Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Griswold, Terry L.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [McMullen, Conley K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Rasmussen, C (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ny Munkegade 114,Bldg 1540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM alrunen@yahoo.com; anilu_cb86@hotmail.com; rocio.castro@uib.es; susana.chamorro@imedea.uib-csic.es; victorgonzab@gmail.com; terry.griswold@ars.usda.gov; hherrera@fcdarwin.org.ec; mcmullck@jmu.edu; jens.olesen@biology.au.dk; atraveset@imedea.uib-csic.es RI Olesen, Jens/A-3011-2009; Rasmussen, Claus/J-6714-2012 OI Olesen, Jens/0000-0003-1998-1083; Rasmussen, Claus/0000-0003-1529-6548 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 982GA UT WOS:000307029800008 ER PT J AU Chow, V Nong, G St John, FJ Rice, JD Dickstein, E Chertkov, O Bruce, D Detter, C Brettin, T Han, J Woyke, T Pitluck, S Nolan, M Pati, A Martin, J Copeland, A Land, ML Goodwin, L Jones, JB Ingram, LO Shanmugam, KT Preston, JF AF Chow, Virginia Nong, Guang St John, Franz J. Rice, John D. Dickstein, Ellen Chertkov, Olga Bruce, David Detter, Chris Brettin, Thomas Han, James Woyke, Tanja Pitluck, Sam Nolan, Matt Pati, Amrita Martin, Joel Copeland, Alex Land, Miriam L. Goodwin, Lynne Jones, Jeffrey B. Ingram, Lonnie O. Shanmugam, Keelnathan T. Preston, James F. TI Complete genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2 SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aerobic; mesophile; Gram-positive; Paenibacillus; xylanolytic; xylan ID GENUS PAENIBACILLUS; ALDOURONATE UTILIZATION; RNA GENES; POLYMYXA; DEPOLYMERIZATION; RHIZOBACTERIUM; BACTERIA; PROPOSAL; OPINION; SYSTEM AB Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2, an aggressively xylanolytic bacterium isolated from sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) wood, is able to efficiently depolymerize, assimilate and metabolize 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan, the predominant structural component of hardwood hemicelluloses. A basis for this capability was first supported by the identification of genes and characterization of encoded enzymes and has been further defined by the sequencing and annotation of the complete genome, which we describe. In addition to genes implicated in the utilization of beta-1,4-xylan, genes have also been identified for the utilization of other hemicellulosic polysaccharides. The genome of Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2 contains 7,184,930 bp in a single replicon with 6,288 protein-coding and 122 RNA genes. Uniquely prominent are 874 genes encoding proteins involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. The prevalence and organization of these genes support a metabolic potential for bioprocessing of hemicellulose fractions derived from lignocellulosic resources. C1 [Chow, Virginia; Nong, Guang; Rice, John D.; Ingram, Lonnie O.; Shanmugam, Keelnathan T.; Preston, James F.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [St John, Franz J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Dickstein, Ellen; Jones, Jeffrey B.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chertkov, Olga; Bruce, David; Detter, Chris; Goodwin, Lynne] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Brettin, Thomas; Land, Miriam L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Han, James; Woyke, Tanja; Pitluck, Sam; Nolan, Matt; Pati, Amrita; Martin, Joel; Copeland, Alex] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Preston, JF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jpreston@ufl.edu RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; St John, Franz/J-8970-2016 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; St John, Franz/0000-0003-3458-5628 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Energy via the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research; Joint Genome Institute [4043135] FX We thank the Electron Microscopy and Bio-Imaging laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida for their assistance in preparing the scanning electron micrographs of Strain Pjdr2. We also thank Len Pennacchio, Natalia Ivanova, Roxanne Tapia and Shunsheng Han for their contributions in genome sequencing and annotations of this organism. The work of genomic sequencing was conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute and supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was supported by the funds from the Department of Energy via the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research and the Joint Genome Institute (Project ID 4043135). NR 38 TC 9 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 10 PU GENOMIC STAND CONSORT PI EAST LANSING PA MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, GEEO GARRITY, DEPT MICROBIOL, 6162 BIOMED & PHYS SCI BLDG, EAST LANSING, MI 48824 USA SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.4056/sigs.2374349 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 978PU UT WOS:000306758100001 PM 22675593 ER PT J AU Vencill, WK Nichols, RL Webster, TM Soteres, JK Mallory-Smith, C Burgos, NR Johnson, WG McClelland, MR AF Vencill, William K. Nichols, Robert L. Webster, Theodore M. Soteres, John K. Mallory-Smith, Carol Burgos, Nilda R. Johnson, William G. McClelland, Marilyn R. TI Herbicide Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT; MEDIATED GENE FLOW; GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; TRANSGENIC OILSEED RAPE; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; CANOLA BRASSICA-NAPUS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; BENTGRASS AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA C1 [Vencill, William K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30502 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Soteres, John K.] Monsanto Co, Dept Sci Affairs, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Mallory-Smith, Carol] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burgos, Nilda R.; McClelland, Marilyn R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Johnson, William G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Vencill, WK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 3111 Miller Plant Sci Bldg,120 Carlton St, Athens, GA 30502 USA. EM wvencill@uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Vencill, William/K-7748-2015 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Vencill, William/0000-0001-7233-4534 FU United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [08-2000-0050-CA] FX This publication was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Agreement Number 08-2000-0050-CA. NR 338 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 87 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PY 2012 VL 60 SI SI BP 2 EP 30 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00206.1 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 988XA UT WOS:000307523600002 ER PT J AU Norsworthy, JK Ward, SM Shaw, DR Llewellyn, RS Nichols, RL Webster, TM Bradley, KW Frisvold, G Powles, SB Burgos, NR Witt, WW Barrett, M AF Norsworthy, Jason K. Ward, Sarah M. Shaw, David R. Llewellyn, Rick S. Nichols, Robert L. Webster, Theodore M. Bradley, Kevin W. Frisvold, George Powles, Stephen B. Burgos, Nilda R. Witt, William W. Barrett, Michael TI Reducing the Risks of Herbicide Resistance: Best Management Practices and Recommendations SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMARANTH AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT; CORN ZEA-MAYS; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; MORNINGGLORY IPOMOEA-LACUNOSA; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; COCKLEBUR XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; HORSEWEED CONYZA-CANADENSIS C1 [Norsworthy, Jason K.; Ward, Sarah M.; Burgos, Nilda R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Shaw, David R.] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Llewellyn, Rick S.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Bradley, Kevin W.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Frisvold, George] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Powles, Stephen B.] Univ Western Australia, Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiat, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Witt, William W.; Barrett, Michael] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Norsworthy, JK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 1366 W Atheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM jnorswor@uark.edu RI Llewellyn, Rick/F-8068-2010; Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013 OI Llewellyn, Rick/0000-0002-4152-7699; Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; FU United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [09-2000-0050-CA] FX Improvements made to this document by Marilyn McClelland, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, James Anderson, and two anonymous reviewers are gratefully appreciated. Support for preparation of this document was provided to the WSSA by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. This publication was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Agreement Number 09-2000-0050-CA. NR 366 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 18 U2 112 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PY 2012 VL 60 SI SI BP 31 EP 62 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00155.1 PG 32 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 988XA UT WOS:000307523600003 ER PT J AU Alkhaier, F Flerchinger, GN Su, Z AF Alkhaier, F. Flerchinger, G. N. Su, Z. TI Shallow groundwater effect on land surface temperature and surface energy balance under bare soil conditions: modeling and description SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GEIGER CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION; STOCHASTIC WEATHER SIMULATION; SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE; WORLD MAP; WATER; HEAT; MOISTURE; INFILTRATION; AQUIFERS; SEBS AB Understanding when and how groundwater affects surface temperature and energy fluxes is significant for utilizing remote sensing in groundwater studies and for integrating aquifers within land surface models. To investigate the shallow groundwater effect under bare soil conditions, we numerically exposed two soil profiles to identical metrological forcing. One of the profiles had shallow groundwater. The different responses that the two profiles manifested were inspected regarding soil moisture, temperature and energy balance at the land surface. The findings showed that the two profiles differed in three aspects: the absorbed and emitted amounts of energy, the portioning out of the available energy and the heat fluency in the soil. We concluded that due to their lower albedo, shallow groundwater areas reflect less shortwave radiation and consequently get a higher magnitude of net radiation. When potential evaporation demand is sufficiently high, a large portion of the energy received by these areas is consumed for evaporation. This increases the latent heat flux and reduces the energy that could have heated the soil. Consequently, lower magnitudes of both sensible and ground heat fluxes are caused to occur. The higher soil thermal conductivity in shallow groundwater areas facilitates heat transfer between the top soil and the subsurface, i.e. soil subsurface is more thermally connected to the atmosphere. For the reliability of remote sensors in detecting shallow groundwater effect, it was concluded that this effect can be sufficiently clear to be detected if at least one of the following conditions occurs: high potential evaporation and high contrast between day and night temperatures. Under these conditions, most day and night hours are suitable for shallow groundwater depth detection. C1 [Alkhaier, F.; Su, Z.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Dept Water Resources, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Flerchinger, G. N.] USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Alkhaier, F (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Dept Water Resources, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM khaier@itc.nl RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009 NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1817 EP 1831 DI 10.5194/hess-16-1817-2012 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 981NX UT WOS:000306976200002 ER PT J AU Alkhaier, F Su, Z Flerchinger, GN AF Alkhaier, F. Su, Z. Flerchinger, G. N. TI Reconnoitering the effect of shallow groundwater on land surface temperature and surface energy balance using MODIS and SEBS SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GEIGER CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM SEBS; YELLOW-RIVER; WORLD MAP; HEAT-FLUX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IMAGERY; MODEL; WATER; AREA AB The possibility of observing shallow groundwater depth and areal extent using satellite measurements can support groundwater models and vast irrigation systems management. Moreover, these measurements can help to include the effect of shallow groundwater on surface energy balance within land surface models and climate studies, which broadens the methods that yield more reliable and informative results. To examine the capacity of MODIS in detecting the effect of shallow groundwater on land surface temperature and the surface energy balance in an area within Al-Balikh River basin in northern Syria, we studied the interrelationship between in-situ measured water table depths and land surface temperatures measured by MODIS. We, also, used the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) to calculate surface energy fluxes, evaporative fraction and daily evaporation, and inspected their relationships with water table depths. We found out that the daytime temperature increased while the nighttime temperature decreased when the depth of the water table increased. And, when the water table depth increased, net radiation, latent and ground heat fluxes, evaporative fraction and daily evaporation decreased, while sensible heat flux increased. This concords with the findings of a companion paper (Alkhaier et al., 2012). The observed clear relationships were the result of meeting both conditions that were concluded in the companion paper, i.e. high potential evaporation and big contrast in day-night temperature. Moreover, the prevailing conditions in this study area helped SEBS to yield accurate estimates. Under bare soil conditions and under the prevailing weather conditions, we conclude that MODIS is suitable for detecting the effect of shallow groundwater because it has proper imaging times and adequate sensor accuracy; nevertheless, its coarse spatial resolution is disadvantageous. C1 [Alkhaier, F.; Su, Z.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Dept Water Resources, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Flerchinger, G. N.] USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Alkhaier, F (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Dept Water Resources, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM khaier@itc.nl RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1833 EP 1844 DI 10.5194/hess-16-1833-2012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 981NX UT WOS:000306976200003 ER PT J AU Thies, WG Westlind, DJ AF Thies, Walter G. Westlind, Douglas J. TI Validating the Malheur model for predicting ponderosa pine post-fire mortality using 24 fires in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Blue Mountains; delayed mortality; large trees ID TREE MORTALITY; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PRESCRIBED BURN; EASTERN OREGON; SIERRA-NEVADA; DOUGLAS-FIR; FORESTS; SEASON; SEVERITY; CONIFERS AB Fires, whether intentionally or accidentally set, commonly occur in western interior forests of the US. Following fire, managers need the ability to predict mortality of individual trees based on easily observed characteristics. Previously, a two-factor model using crown scorch and bole scorch proportions was developed with data from 3415 trees for predicting the probability of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) mortality following prescribed fire. Here, we report validation of that model for broader application using data from 10 109 ponderosa pines in 17 prescribed fires and 7 wildfires, observed for 3 years post-fire, from east of the Cascade Range crest in Washington, Oregon and northern California. The overall rate of correct classification was 87.1% and the rate of correctly predicting mortality was 80.1%. Similar accuracy is reported when testing the model for small trees (<53.3-cm diameter at breast height), wildfire, prescribed fire, and when using a field guide that simplifies application of the model. For large trees (>= 53.3-cm diameter at breast height), the overall rate of correct prediction was 93.6% and the rate of correctly predicting mortality was 65.2%. These results suggest the Malheur model is useful for predicting ponderosa pine mortality following fires in this region. C1 [Thies, Walter G.; Westlind, Douglas J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thies, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM wthies@fs.fed.us FU Forest Health Protection of the USDA Forest Service through the Special Technology Development Program; Joint Fire Sciences Program; Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center; Pacific Northwest Research Station FX Creation of the Malheur model has taken a sustained effort from 1996 through 2008 on the part of many individuals through a variety of funding channels. The authors thank the Malheur NF and the Emigrant Creek Ranger District (RD) for their support throughout this effort. Without their constant and unselfish support, this project would not have been possible. We thank US Forest Service personnel who participated in collecting data for validation of the field guide from the following units: Klamath NF, Fremont-Winema NF (Bly RD, Lakeview RD), Malheur NF (Prairie City RD and Emigrant Creek RD), Umatilla NF, Okanogan-Wenatchee NF and the Colville NF. Fieldwork was conducted with funds provided by Forest Health Protection of the USDA Forest Service through the Special Technology Development Program, the Joint Fire Sciences Program, the Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center and the Pacific Northwest Research Station. We thank crew leaders Cyrus Curry, Steve Swenson, Briana Catton and Angie Cirello and the many members of our field crews who worked for 8 years to collect the validation data. Special thanks to Greg Brenner of Pacific Analytics for statistical consulting and support on this paper. Finally, we thank Michelle Buonopane, Russell Graham, Rick Kelsey, Mark Loewen and Charles G. Shaw III for review and helpful comments during manuscript preparation. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 5 BP 572 EP 582 DI 10.1071/WF10091 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 984FJ UT WOS:000307175200011 ER PT J AU Jin, S Chen, SC AF Jin, Sen Chen, Shyh-Chin TI Application of QuickBird imagery in fuel load estimation in the Daxinganling region, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; shadow fraction ID FOREST STRUCTURE; WILDLAND FUELS; MODELS; BIOMASS; LIDAR; USA AB A high spatial resolution QuickBird satellite image and a low spatial but high spectral resolution Landsat Thermatic Mapper image were used to linearly regress fuel loads of 70 plots with size 30 x 30m over the Daxinganling region of north-east China. The results were compared with loads from field surveys and from regression estimations by surveyed stand characteristics. The results show that fuel loads were related to stand characteristics, such as stand mean diameter at breast height and stand height. As the QuickBird image using the shadow fraction method represented the stand characteristics well, fuel loads were well estimated from the QuickBird image. QuickBird estimations outperformed those from the lower spatial resolution Thermatic Mapper image. For many fuel classes, the QuickBird estimations were as good as those regressed from surveyed stand characteristics, and thus similar to the surveyed fine and total dead fuel loads. However, coarse fuel loads were not estimated as well using both satellite images owing to their intrinsic low association with stand characteristics. Despite this limitation in estimating coarse fuels, very-high-resolution images such as QuickBird are still valuable in estimating fine fuels, which are critically important in the practice of fire management. C1 [Jin, Sen] NE Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. [Chen, Shyh-Chin] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Jin, S (reprint author), NE Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. EM jins-cf@nefu.edu.cn FU China Ministry of Education [200804002, NCET-10-0278]; Postdoctoral grant of Heilongjiang Province; China National Nature Science Foundation [30571508] FX The research was jointly supported by Forestry Public Interest grant number 200804002, NECT (New Century Excellent Talent) grant NCET-10-0278 from the China Ministry of Education, a Postdoctoral grant of Heilongjiang Province, and China National Nature Science Foundation grant number 30571508. This manuscript was co-prepared by a US government employee as part of his official duties, is not subject to copyright and is in the public domain. Opinions expressed in this publication may not necessarily reflect the position of the USDA. The use of trade names is for reader information and does not imply USDA endorsement of any product or service. We are indebted to the staff at the Yanjiang Forest Farm, Tahe Forest Bureau, Daxinganling Region, Heilongjiang Province, for their support in the fieldwork. We also extend our gratitude to Ms Diane Boomer for her thorough effort in improving the readability of the manuscript. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments and suggestions. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 5 BP 583 EP 590 DI 10.1071/WF11018 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 984FJ UT WOS:000307175200012 ER PT J AU Hyde, JC Smith, AMS Ottmar, RD AF Hyde, Joshua C. Smith, Alistair M. S. Ottmar, Roger D. TI Properties affecting the consumption of sound and rotten coarse woody debris in northern Idaho: a preliminary investigation using laboratory fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID EUCALYPT FOREST-FIRES; FUEL CONSUMPTION; COMBUSTION; MODELS; DECAY; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; BIOMASS; WHITE; HEAT AB This study evaluates the consumption of coarse woody debris in various states of decay. Samples from a northern Idaho mixed-conifer forest were classified using three different classification methods, ignited with two different ignition methods and consumption was recorded. Intrinsic properties that change with decay were measured including carbon to nitrogen ratio, density, heat content, lignin content, moisture content and surface area-to-volume ratio. Consumption for logs in different stages of decay is reported with characterisation of wood properties. Results indicate very decayed coarse woody debris is likely to be consumed to a substantially greater degree than sound coarse woody debris given similar conditions. High consumption occurred in debris with low-density, high-lignin content and high gravimetric heat content; however, lignin content and density showed the highest correlation with consumption. The Maser classification method grouped very rotten logs with high consumption into decay class 4 and the remainder into class 3. Trends in consumption were similar regardless of ignition; however low-intensity long-duration ignition produced higher consumption values. Focus on physical properties is recommended for predictive purposes over any classification method. Logs of other species and in regions with different decomposition and combustion dynamics may display different property ranges and consumption results. C1 [Hyde, Joshua C.; Smith, Alistair M. S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Hyde, JC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Coll Nat Resources, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jhyde@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 FU National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Smoke Committee (SmoC) via the National Park Service; National Science Foundation (NSF) Idaho EPSCoR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; Joint Fire Sciences Program [07-2-1-60] FX This work was supported with funding from the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Smoke Committee (SmoC) via the National Park Service. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387. Partial funding support was received via the Joint Fire Sciences Program under award number 07-2-1-60. We would also like to acknowledge the input provided by our reviewers and the statistical expertise of Maureen Kennedy and the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest research Station, Pacific Wildland Fire Research Laboratory. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 5 BP 596 EP 608 DI 10.1071/WF11016 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 984FJ UT WOS:000307175200014 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI Synthesis, biological activities and bioavailability of moschamine, a safflomide-type phenylpropenoic acid amide found in Centaurea cyanus SO NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE moschamine synthesis; Centaurea cyanus; NMR; serotoninergic and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities; HPLC; bioavailability ID INDOLE ALKALOIDS; CAMP FORMATION; RECEPTOR; INHIBITION; DERIVATIVES; SEEDS AB Moschamine is a phenylpropenoic acid amide found in plants. In this article, the synthesis and two biological activities (serotoninergic and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities) and bioavailability of moschamine were described. Moschamine was synthesised and confirmed using NMR spectroscopic methods. Using the moschamine synthesised, serotoninergic and COX inhibitory activities were investigated. At the concentration of 10 mu mol L-1, moschamine was able to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation by 25% (p < 0.015), via inhibiting serotonin receptors in the OK cells. The inhibition was repressed by two 5-HT1 antagonists (Nan-190 and spiperone), suggesting that moschamine may suppress cAMP formation via binding to 5-HT1 receptors in the cells. Also, moschamine was a very potent compound that is able to inhibit COX-I by 58% (p < 0.012) and COX-II by 54% (p < 0.014), at the concentration of 0.1 mu mol L-1. The oral bioavailability of moschamine was also determined in mice. C1 ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Room 131,Bldg 307C, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jae.park@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6419 J9 NAT PROD RES JI Nat. Prod. Res. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 16 BP 1465 EP 1472 DI 10.1080/14786419.2011.562207 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 986NN UT WOS:000307348400001 PM 21978225 ER PT S AU Guenther, JC McCormick, KJ Bryant, CM AF Guenther, Julia C. McCormick, Kelly J. Bryant, Cory M. BE Alpas, H Smith, M Kulmyrzaev, A TI US Government Efforts to Build Global Food Defense Capacity SO STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY IN CENTRAL ASIA SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Training Course on Strategies for Achieving Food Security in Central Asia CY MAR 31-APR 02, 2011 CL Bishkek, KYRGYZSTAN SP NATO DE Food defense; Intentional contamination; Capacity building AB Today's world is smaller and everything, including food, is shared amongst people in many countries. With the increase of international trade and the growing food import and export industry, it is even more important that we all take measures to ensure that the food we consume is safe from contamination - both unintentional and intentional. The chapter summarizes the U.S. Government's efforts to build global food defense capacity through cooperation and collaboration with international partners. C1 [Guenther, Julia C.; Bryant, Cory M.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Food Def Commun & Emergency Response, Food Def Oversight Team, College Pk, MD USA. [McCormick, Kelly J.] USDA, Food Safety Team, Off Capac Bldg & Dev, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Guenther, JC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Food Def Commun & Emergency Response, Food Def Oversight Team, College Pk, MD USA. EM julia.guenther@fda.hhs.gov; kelly.mccormick@fas.usda.gov; cory.bryant@fda.hhs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-2501-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2012 BP 109 EP + DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2502-7_10 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BBK45 UT WOS:000307196600010 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD Callaway, TR O'Bryan, CA Kundinger, MM Dunkley, CS Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Crandall, PG Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, Kingsley D. Callaway, Todd R. O'Bryan, Corliss A. Kundinger, Megan M. Dunkley, Claudia S. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. Crandall, Philip G. Ricke, Steven C. TI Comparison of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of Changes in hilA and rpoS Gene Expression of a Salmonella Typhimurium Poultry Isolate Grown at Fast Versus Slow Dilution Rates in an Anaerobic Continuous Culture System SO FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Typhimurium; hilA; rpoS; continuous culture ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INVASION GENES; AMMONIUM-SALTS; FUSION STRAIN; BATCH CULTURE; LIQUID FLOWS; FERMENTATION AB The objective of this study was to determine the genetic responses of a Salmonella enterica Typhimurium poultry isolate during low and high dilution rates (D) in steady state continuous culture (CC) incubations. Samples for genetic analyses were taken from a previous study where S. Typhimurium cells had been grown in two chemostats operated concurrently, which were designated as Trials 1 and 2, with eight dilution rates sampled during steady state. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on two target genes (rpoS and hilA) was analyzed as changes in expression of the target gene relative to the reference gene (16S rRNA). At the lowest D (0.0125 h(-1)) in Trial 2, rpoS expression was more than twofold higher than the second highest relative expression. In Trial 1 hilA expression was 21.8-, 27.8-, and 21-fold higher in D 0.0125 h(-1), 0.025 h(-1), 0.05 h(-1), respectively, compared to D 0.1 h(-1), 0.54 h(-1), and 1.08 h(-1). In Trial 2, D 0.025 h(-1) and 0.27 h(-1) showed no difference in hilA expression but were significantly higher compared to other D. From these results, low glucose conditions may play an essential role in triggering rpoS induction, as well as contributing to potential virulence. C1 [O'Bryan, Corliss A.; Crandall, Philip G.; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Dunkley, Kingsley D.; Kundinger, Megan M.; Dunkley, Claudia S.; Ricke, Steven C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Dunkley, Kingsley D.] Abraham Baldwin Agr Coll, Tifton, GA USA. [Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Kundinger, Megan M.] Midstate Tech Coll, Marshfield, WI USA. [Dunkley, Claudia S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Tifton, GA USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu FU USDA-NRI [2001-02675] FX These studies were conducted with funds from USDA-NRI Grant #2001-02675 administered by Texas Agricultural Experimental Station. Thanks to Cassie Woodward and Dr. W. K. Kim for data analysis and helpful discussion for preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-5436 J9 FOOD BIOTECHNOL JI Food Biotechnol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1080/08905436.2012.698770 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 982XK UT WOS:000307078500003 ER PT J AU Smith, BA Brown, RL Laberge, W Griswold, T AF Smith, Beverly A. Brown, Richard L. Laberge, Wallace Griswold, Terry TI A Faunistic Survey of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in the Black Belt Prairie of Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea bees; Black Belt Prairie; disjunct species; flight periods; floral hosts; Mississippi ID LASIOGLOSSUM DIALICTUS; DISJUNCT DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; ALABAMA; LEPIDOPTERA; HALICTIDAE; AMERICA AB A survey of bees (Apoidea) in the Black Belt Prairie of northern Mississippi was conducted from 1991 to 2001. Collecting methods included netting specimens from floral hosts and use of malaise traps. The survey resulted in collection of 6138 specimens, of which 3627 were identified to 118 species. Of the 2511 unidentified specimens, the vast majority (2362) were specimens of Lasioglossum Curtis (Halictidae) in groups that are unrevised. The survey resulted in 51 new state records, increasing the total known species of bees in Mississippi to 177. Five species of Andrenidae have disjunct distributions from the Great Plains and western states. A list of the bee species in the Black Belt Prairie is provided with annotations on collection times, floral hosts, and collection methods. C1 [Smith, Beverly A.; Brown, Richard L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Laberge, Wallace] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84333 USA. RP Smith, BA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. FU Mississippi Agricultural and Experiment Station FX The senior author thanks Dr. Clarence Collison, former head of the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, for his support and encouragement to publish this manuscript, Drs. Gerry Baker, Blake Layton, and William Batson for their guidance as graduate committee members, and the late Matthew MacGown for his advice. We thank Joe MacGown for providing access to his property for surveys. Charles Michener, Robert Brooks, and Michael Engel (University of Kansas) and Molly Rightmyer, (Smithsonian Institution) provided or confirmed identifications. The Mississippi Agricultural and Experiment Station provided support for this research. This research has been approved for publication as Journal Article No. 12086 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 32 EP 47 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 983SG UT WOS:000307138400005 ER PT J AU Mendonca, FS Albuquerque, RF Evencio-Neto, J Freitas, SH Doria, RGS Boabaid, FM Driemeier, D Gardner, DR Riet-Correa, F Colodel, EM AF Mendonca, Fabio S. Albuquerque, Raquel F. Evencio-Neto, Joaquim Freitas, Silvio H. Doria, Renata G. S. Boabaid, Fabiana M. Driemeier, David Gardner, Dale R. Riet-Correa, Franklin Colodel, Edson M. TI Alpha-mannosidosis in goats caused by the swainsonine-containing plant Ipomoea verbascoidea SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Calystegines; goats; lectin histochemistry; plant poisoning; storage disease; swainsonine ID LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; POISONOUS PLANT; LOCOWEED; SHEEP; CONVOLVULACEAE; CARNEA; SERICOPHYLLA; IDENTIFICATION AB A disease of the nervous system is reported in goats in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Histological examination showed diffuse vacuolation of neurons and epithelial cells of the pancreas, thyroid, renal tubules, and liver. The swainsonine-containing plant Ipomoea verbascoidea was found on both farms where the goats originated. This plant was experimentally administered to 3 goats, inducing clinical signs and histologic lesions similar to those observed in spontaneous cases. On the lectin histochemical analysis, cerebellar cells and pancreatic acinar cells gave positive reactions to Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), succinylated Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (sWGA), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (ConA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA(120)), Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA), and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) suggesting storage of a-fucose, alpha-D-mannose, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, and acetyl-neuraminic acid. This pattern of lectin staining partially agrees with results previously reported for poisoning by swainsonine-containing plants. The chemical analysis of dried leaves of I. verbascoidea detected swainsonine (0.017%), calystegine B-1 (0.16%), calystegine B-2 (0.05%), and calystegine C-1 (0.34%). It is concluded that I. verbascoidea causes alpha-mannosidosis in goats. C1 [Mendonca, Fabio S.; Albuquerque, Raquel F.; Evencio-Neto, Joaquim] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Anim Morphol & Physiol, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Freitas, Silvio H.; Doria, Renata G. S.] Univ Cuiaba, Fac Vet Med, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. [Boabaid, Fabiana M.; Driemeier, David] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Vet Med, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Gardner, Dale R.] ARS, Poisonous Plants Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. [Riet-Correa, Franklin] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Vet Hosp, Ctr Saude & Tecnol Rural, Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. [Colodel, Edson M.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Vet Clin, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. RP Mendonca, FS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Anim Morphol & Physiol, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM mendonca@dmfa.ufrpe.br RI Mendonca, F./K-4436-2012; Driemeier, David/H-3461-2012; Doria, Renata/J-2948-2013; COLODEL, EDSON MOLETA/I-4798-2015 OI Mendonca, F./0000-0001-5641-0883; Driemeier, David/0000-0003-3766-0654; Doria, Renata/0000-0002-4275-0358; FU Brazilian Foundation Agency FACEPE [0760-5.05/09] FX Funding was provide by the Brazilian Foundation Agency FACEPE (grant no. 0760-5.05/09). NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1177/1040638711425948 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 983IH UT WOS:000307112500011 PM 22362938 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Jaronski, ST AF Jackson, Mark A. Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Development of pilot-scale fermentation and stabilisation processes for the production of microsclerotia of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum strain F52 SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sclerotia; bioinsecticide; liquid fermentation; air-drying; biocontrol ID LIQUID CULTURE PRODUCTION; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; ANISOPLIAE; MORPHOLOGY; MELANINS; GRANULES; CONIDIA; BLASTOSPORES; ANTHOMYIIDAE AB Using 100 L stirred-tank bioreactors, we evaluated the effect of fermentation parameters and drying protocols on the production and stabilisation of microsclerotia (MS) of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum (formerly M. anisopliae F52). Results showed that stirred-tank bioreactors can be used to mass produce stable MS of Metarhizium and that culturing and drying protocols significantly affected MS yield and stability. Length of fermentation (4 7 days) for Metarhizium cultures had no significant impact on biomass accumulation, MS formation or the storage stability of the air-dried MS granules. Although cultures of Metarhizium grown on media with a carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 30:1 produced significantly more biomass when compared to cultures grown in media with a C:N ratio of 50:1, MS formation and desiccation tolerance following drying were similar. After storage for 1 year at 4 degrees C, conidia production by air-dried MS granules from 50:1 media was significantly higher compared to MS granules from 30:1 media. The addition of diatomaceous earth (DE) to cultures of Metarhizium prior to drying at rates of 0-60 g L-1 had no significant effect on MS desiccation tolerance but did impact conidia production. Air-dried MS granules without DE produced significantly more conidia g(-1) during the first 4 months of storage, but after 1 year, conidia production was similar regardless of DE content of the MS granule. Microsclerotial granules with higher moisture levels (2.6-5.0% w/w) produced significantly more conidia immediately after drying and MS granules with low moisture (0-2.5% w/w) produced more conidia after 12 months storage. C1 [Jackson, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] ARS, USDA, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM mark.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 915 EP 930 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.696578 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 975SC UT WOS:000306530300005 ER PT J AU Day, WH Hoelmer, KA AF Day, W. H. Hoelmer, K. A. TI Impact of the introduced parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) infesting strawberries in northwestern New Jersey, USA SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; biological control; organic strawberries ID LYGUS-LINEOLARIS PALISOT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTHEASTERN USA; UNITED-STATES; ALFALFA; FIELDS; ESTABLISHMENT; ABUNDANCE; INJURY; SPP. AB Lygus lineolaris populations in the northeastern USA have been markedly reduced by the introduced parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis. A 3-year study in NJ where P. digoneutis has been established for many years demonstrated that parasitism of Lygus nymphs in strawberries averaged 30% (mostly P. digoneutis). Strawberry damage by L. lineolaris ranged from 19 to 33%. C1 [Day, W. H.; Hoelmer, K. A.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DE USA. RP Hoelmer, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DE USA. EM kim.hoelmer@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 975 EP 979 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.700695 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 975SC UT WOS:000306530300010 ER PT J AU Terzi, E Dogu, D Kurt, F Kartal, SN Green, F AF Terzi, Evren Dogu, Dilek Kurt, Feyza Kartal, S. Nami Green, Frederick, III TI EFFECTS OF LEACHING MEDIUM ON LEACHABILITY OF WOOD PRESERVING N ' N-HYDROXYNAPTHALIMIDE (NHA) SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Leaching; Leaching medium; NHA; N ' N-hydroxynapthalimide; Distilled water; Tap water; Seawater; Rainwater; Sparkling water ID SOUTHERN PINE; CCA; MICROASSAY; CHROMIUM; RELEASE; COPPER AB Laboratory leaching test procedures usually call for the use of distilled or deionized water; however, treated wood is generally exposed to different types of water, soil, and weather conditions. Thus, factors such as salinity, hardness, pH, temperature etc. might be important in the release of different amounts of biocide compounds. This study evaluates the release of the sodium salt of the calcium precipitating and wood preserving agent N'N-hydroxynapthalimide (NHA) from treated wood specimens exposed to different types of leaching media. Scots pine wood specimens were treated with NHA at three different solution strengths. Treated specimens were then leached with distilled water, tap water, rain water, synthetic sea water, natural sparkling water, or 1% CaCO3 solutions for 2 weeks. Leaching with higher ion concentrations reduced NHA losses from the specimens in comparison with that of distilled water and rain water leaching trials. Microscopic evaluations were in good accordance with the results from leaching trials, revealing NHA precipitation onto the tori of pit elements and tracheids. In distilled water and rain water leaching trials, less NHA precipitation on to the tori of pit membranes and tracheid surfaces was observed, whilst the specimens leached with tap water, 1% CaCO3, sea water, and sparkling water showed higher NHA precipitations on the cell elements. We conclude that the leaching of NHA from treated wood can be decreased by precipitation with ions coming from tap water, sea water, sparkling water, and 1% CaCO3 solutions as leaching media rather than distilled water or rain water with no or much less ion composition. C1 [Terzi, Evren; Dogu, Dilek; Kurt, Feyza; Kartal, S. Nami] Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Biol & Wood Protect Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Green, Frederick, III] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Biol & Wood Protect Technol, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM snkartal@istanbul.edu.tr RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 1419 EP 1430 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 975BM UT WOS:000306481700005 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Fan, YM Tshabalala, MA Stark, NM Gao, JM Liu, RJ AF Chen, Yao Fan, Yongming Tshabalala, Mandla A. Stark, Nicole M. Gao, Jianmin Liu, Ruijie TI OPTICAL PROPERTY ANALYSIS OF THERMALLY AND PHOTOLYTICALLY AGED EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS CHEMITHERMOMECHANICAL PULP (CTMP) SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Review DE CTMP; Pulp; Optical properties; Yellowing; Light irradiation; Heat treatment ID SINGLET OXYGEN DEGRADATION; LIGHT-IRRADIATED WOOD; MECHANICAL PULPS; SPRUCE WOOD; HEAT-TREATMENT; PART 2; LIGNIN; PHOTODEGRADATION; COLOR; SPECTROSCOPY AB To investigate the optical properties of chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, one group of samples of CTMP was aged by heating, and another group was first subjected to bleaching with different bleaching agents, and then aging by exposure to sunlight. Chromophores were analyzed using diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra (DRUV), and the brightness and color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were analyzed using colorimetry. Results showed that the color reactions of the pulp, upon heating, were enhanced in the presence of moisture. There was a linear relationship between the pulp initial moisture content (MC) and the intensity of UV-Vis absorption. The contribution of different chromophores to pulp color was analyzed with the help of bleaching agents: hydrogen peroxide, sodium dithionite, and sodium borohydride. Sodium borohydride and hydrogen peroxide treatments resulted in a decrease in the absorption band at 280 nm along with the shoulder near 320 nm, which could be attributed to conjugated C=O and C=C systems. Similarly, sodium dithionite treatment also led to a decrease in absorption of the carbonyls and double bonds conjugated with aromatic double bonds. The chromaticity parameters of bleached pulp increased after exposure to sunlight. A correspondingly higher concentration of quinoid structures was found. C1 [Chen, Yao; Fan, Yongming; Gao, Jianmin; Liu, Ruijie] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Tshabalala, Mandla A.; Stark, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Fan, YM (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM fanym@bjfu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070490] FX The authors wish to thank China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute for their Eucalyptus camaldulensis CTMP pulp supply and Dr. Umesh Agarwal and Dr. David Vahey for valuable suggestions. Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Series number of the project: 31070490). NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 1474 EP 1487 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 975BM UT WOS:000306481700010 ER PT J AU Liu, ZJ Jiang, ZH Cai, ZY Fei, BH Yu, Y Liu, XE AF Liu, Zhijia Jiang, Zehui Cai, Zhiyong Fei, Benhua Yu, Yan Liu, Xing'e TI DYNAMIC MECHANICAL THERMAL ANALYSIS OF MOSO BAMBOO (Phyllostachys heterocycla) AT DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENT SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Review DE Biomass; Bamboo; Bamboo pellet; Thermal-mechanical behavior; Glass transition ID VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; WOOD AB Bamboo is a type of biomass materials that has great potential as a bio-energy resource in China. The thermal-mechanical behavior of bamboo plays an important role in the formation process of pellets. To investigate the effect of moisture content (MC) on thermal-mechanical behavior of bamboo, the storage modulus and loss factor of moso bamboo was determined using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) from -50 to 150 degrees C. The experimental results showed that the general feature of bamboo thermal-mechanical properties with temperature is similar to other cellulosic materials, and they are affected by MC. A substantial decrease of storage modulus over the entire temperature range implies that bamboo underwent a glass to rubber transition. Bamboo, at lower MC, has a higher storage modulus, which decreases the mechanical strength of pellets. The loss factor exhibited two major transitions for all samples. There was an alpha-transition (alpha(1)), attributed to glass transition of lignin, peaking in a higher temperature range. The second major relaxation (alpha(2)), located in a lower temperature range, was attributed to glass transition of hemicelluloses. Activating lignin and hemicelluloses using moisture and temperature in the temperature range of glass transition can be very helpful to achieve durable particle-particle bonding. C1 [Liu, Zhijia; Jiang, Zehui; Fei, Benhua; Yu, Yan; Liu, Xing'e] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zhijia; Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing 100102, Peoples R China. EM jiangzehui@icbr.ac.cn; zcai@fs.fed.us FU Development and demonstration of bamboo/wood composite LVL and wallboard [[2008] 16]; Basic Scientific Research Funds of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan [1632012002] FX This research was financially supported by 'Development and demonstration of bamboo/wood composite LVL and wallboard' (Grant No. [2008] 16) and 'Basic Scientific Research Funds of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan' (Grant No. 1632012002). NR 21 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 1548 EP 1557 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 975BM UT WOS:000306481700016 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Gao, JM Fan, YM Tshabalala, MA Stark, NM AF Chen, Yao Gao, Jianmin Fan, Yongming Tshabalala, Mandla A. Stark, Nicole M. TI HEAT-INDUCED CHEMICAL AND COLOR CHANGES OF EXTRACTIVE-FREE BLACK LOCUST (ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA) WOOD SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Heat treatment; Wood; Chemical changes; Color; C-13-NMR; FTIR-ATR; DRUV ID THERMALLY MODIFIED WOOD; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; SPRUCE WOOD; NMR; LIGNIN; RESONANCE; SOFTWOOD; BEECH; IR AB To investigate chemical and color changes of the polymeric constituents of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood during heat treatment, extractive-free wood flour was conditioned to 30% initial moisture content (MC) and heated for 24 h at 120 degrees C in either an oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere. The color change was measured using the CIELAB color system. Chemical changes of the wood components were determined by means of solid state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS-C-13-NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis (DRUV) spectroscopy, and elemental (CHN) analysis. The results showed that lightness (L-star) decreased, while chromaticity indexes (a(star) and b(star)) and chroma (C-star) increased after heat treatment. There was greater color difference (Delta E-star) in the samples heated in the presence of oxygen compared to nitrogen. CHN analysis showed an increase in hydrogen and oxygen and a decrease in carbon content. NMR spectra confirmed the cleavage of the beta-O-4 structure in the lignin, resulting in a decrease in etherified lignin units and an increase in phenolic structures. DRUV and FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of extensive conjugated structures, such as unsaturated ketones and quinones due to the cleavage of the lignin units. Formation of quinones can be attributed to heat treatment in the presence of oxygen. C1 [Chen, Yao; Gao, Jianmin; Fan, Yongming] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Tshabalala, Mandla A.; Stark, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Fan, YM (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM fanym@bjfu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070490] FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Series number of the project: 31070490). NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 2236 EP 2248 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 975BM UT WOS:000306481700066 ER PT J AU Ballard, HL Evans, E Sturtevant, VE Jakes, P AF Ballard, Heidi L. Evans, Emily Sturtevant, Victoria E. Jakes, Pamela TI The Evolution of Smokey Bear: Environmental Education About Wildfire for Youth SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE hazards education; informal science education; natural resource education; place-based education; wildfire AB Many environmental education programs in the United States educate youth about the prevention of wildfire and its role in ecosystems. We reviewed 50 wildfire education programs for youth (WEY) in the U. S. through an Internet search and interviews with program providers. We investigated whether they reflect current wildfire science, environmental education (EE) instructional strategies, and place-based education (PBE) approaches. We found that while one-third of the programs focus exclusively on wildfire prevention, suppression, and safety topics, one-third focuses on fire ecology, management, and science, and one-third includes all these topics, mirroring evolving scientific approaches to wildfire. Also, while state and federal agencies design and disseminate much of the curricula used, 60% of WEY programs incorporate local social and ecological contexts, revealing the close relationship between WEY and PBE. C1 [Ballard, Heidi L.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Educ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sturtevant, Victoria E.] So Oregon Univ, Ashland, OR USA. [Jakes, Pamela] US Forest Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP Ballard, HL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Educ, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hballard@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0095-8964 EI 1940-1892 J9 J ENVIRON EDUC JI J. Environ. Educ. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1080/00958964.2011.644352 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Studies SC Education & Educational Research; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975QZ UT WOS:000306527300002 ER PT J AU Long, DS McCallum, JD Young, FL Lenssen, AW AF Long, Daniel S. McCallum, John D. Young, Francis L. Lenssen, Andrew W. TI In-stream measurement of canola (Brassica napus L.) seed oil concentration using in-line near infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near infrared spectroscopy; seed oil concentration; in-line measurement; canola; crushing plant ID QUALITY; PROTEIN; COMBINE; YIELD; ACID AB Natural variation in the seed oil concentration of oilseed crops sent to a crushing plant can impair the recovery of the oil from the seed. Consequently, there is interest in applying in-line near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to measure the oil concentration of the seed to be processed and, in using the information obtained, to maximise expeller efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine how well in-line NIR spectroscopy could determine the seed oil concentration of canola (Brassica napus L.) when there was direct contact of the sensor head with the grain stream. Reflectance spectra from 850nm to 1650nm were obtained by sliding grain samples of canola directly across the sensor head of the Polytec 1721 NIR reflectance analyser. Reference analytical results were estimated using the NIR optical spectra as regression estimators. The resulting prediction equation with eight latent variables resulted in a coefficient of determination of 0.95, standard error of cross-validation of 0.727% and relative performance determination of 4.77. Validation results, based on site or year omission, confirmed the ability of the instrument to accurately predict seed oil concentration in a grain stream. This creates opportunities for monitoring the oil content of seed entering the expeller and using this information to adjust the expeller for maximum efficiency. C1 [Long, Daniel S.; McCallum, John D.] ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Young, Francis L.] ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [Lenssen, Andrew W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Long, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM dan.long@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2012 VL 20 IS 3 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1255/jnirs.993 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 969YW UT WOS:000306096300006 ER PT J AU Salama, MS Van der Velde, R van der Woerd, HJ Kromkamp, JC Philippart, CJM Joseph, AT O'Neill, PE Lang, RH Gish, T Werdell, PJ Su, Z AF Salama, M. S. Van der Velde, R. van der Woerd, H. J. Kromkamp, J. C. Philippart, C. J. M. Joseph, A. T. O'Neill, P. E. Lang, R. H. Gish, T. Werdell, P. J. Su, Z. TI Technical Note: Calibration and validation of geophysical observation models SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; OCEAN COLOR; GROWTH-CYCLE; CORN; PHYTOPLANKTON; FREQUENCY; IMAGERY; WATERS AB We present a method to calibrate and validate observational models that interrelate remotely sensed energy fluxes to geophysical variables of land and water surfaces. Coincident sets of remote sensing observation of visible and microwave radiations and geophysical data are assembled and subdivided into calibration (Cal) and validation (Val) data sets. Each Cal/Val pair is used to derive the coefficients (from the Cal set) and the accuracy (from the Val set) of the observation model. Combining the results from all Cal/Val pairs provides probability distributions of the model coefficients and model errors. The method is generic and demonstrated using comprehensive matchup sets from two very different disciplines: soil moisture and water quality. The results demonstrate that the method provides robust model coefficients and quantitative measure of the model uncertainty. This approach can be adopted for the calibration/validation of satellite products of land and water surfaces, and the resulting uncertainty can be used as input to data assimilation schemes. C1 [Salama, M. S.; Van der Velde, R.; Su, Z.] Univ Twente, ITC, Dept Water Resources, Enschede, Netherlands. [Salama, M. S.; Kromkamp, J. C.; Philippart, C. J. M.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Yerseke, Netherlands. [van der Woerd, H. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies IVM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Joseph, A. T.; O'Neill, P. E.] NASA GSFC, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Hydrol Sci Branch 614 3, Washington, DC USA. [Lang, R. H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gish, T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Werdell, P. J.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Ecol Branch Code 614 2, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Werdell, P. J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Salama, MS (reprint author), Univ Twente, ITC, Dept Water Resources, Enschede, Netherlands. EM salama@itc.nl RI Kromkamp, Jacco/A-7319-2013; Salama, Mhd. Suhyb/D-4173-2009; O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009; van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013; van der Woerd, Hans/K-9812-2013 OI Salama, Mhd. Suhyb/0000-0002-6670-6853; van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110; van der Woerd, Hans/0000-0002-8901-7567 FU Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) FX The authors would like to thank NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group and individual data contributors for maintaining and updating the SeaBASS database. This work was supported in part by the Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), in the framework of the National Programme Sea and Coast Research - Changing Carrying Capacity, the IN PLACE project. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2195 EP 2201 DI 10.5194/bg-9-2195-2012 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 966IB UT WOS:000305830000017 ER PT J AU Wiklund, E Finstad, G Aguiar, G Bechtel, PJ AF Wiklund, E. Finstad, G. Aguiar, G. Bechtel, P. J. TI Does carcass suspension technique influence reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) meat quality attributes? SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sensory evaluation; venison; tenderness ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; TENDERNESS; BEEF; COLOR AB In total, eight reindeer steers (ages 3-6 years old) were used in the study to evaluate the effects of carcass suspension technique on meat tenderness, colour and water-holding capacity (WHC). Carcasses were split along the spine and sides were randomly allocated to pelvic suspension (hung using a butcher hook through the obturator foramen) or normal Achilles tendon suspension (control treatment). From all 16 carcass halves, meat samples were collected from the loin (M. longissimus), inside (M. semimembranosus) and shoulder (M. triceps brachii) for sensory evaluation and measurements of shear force (tenderness). Loin samples were also evaluated for meat colour at 1 day after slaughter and for purge (WHC) after vacuum-packaged chilled storage (+2 degrees C) for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. No significant effects of carcass suspension technique were found for reindeer meat colour and WHC (purge). Shear force values for loin samples from pelvic-suspended carcasses were significantly (P = 0.001) lower than those from Achilles tendon-suspended carcasses, and there was a similar trend for inside samples, although this was not significant (P = 0.06). There was no effect of carcass suspension technique for shear force values of the shoulder samples. The trained panel judged loin and inside samples from pelvic-suspended carcasses to be more tender (P <= 0.001) while no effect of carcass suspension technique on tenderness was found in the shoulder samples. Juiciness was not affected by carcass suspension. The present study demonstrated that pelvic suspension improved tenderness in the most valuable cuts from the reindeer carcass (loin and inside). C1 [Wiklund, E.; Finstad, G.; Aguiar, G.] Univ Alaska, Reindeer Res Program, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wiklund, E.] Svenska Samernas Riksforbund Natl Union Swedish S, S-90327 Umea, Sweden. [Bechtel, P. J.] Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Wiklund, E (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Reindeer Res Program, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM wiklundia1@gmail.com NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0939 J9 ANIM PROD SCI JI Anim. Prod. Sci. PY 2012 VL 52 IS 8 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.1071/AN11269 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 972MY UT WOS:000306282400009 ER PT J AU Forge, T Zasada, I Pinkerton, J Koch, C AF Forge, Tom Zasada, Inga Pinkerton, Jack Koch, Carol TI Host status and damage potential of Paratrichodorus renifer and Pratylenchus penetrans (Nematoda) to blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Ericaceae; nematode; plant-parasitic nematode; root disease; root lesion nematode; stubby root nematode; Vaccinium ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; ARKANSAS; OREGON; GROWTH AB Stubby root nematodes (Paratrichodorus species) and root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus species) have been found in root zone soil of blueberry plants in most blueberry-growing regions of North America. Relatively little is known, however, of the reproductive potential and damage caused by these nematodes to blueberry. We performed controlled inoculation studies in a greenhouse in order to assess population growth and damage caused by Paratrichodorus renifer and Pratylenchus penetrans on a range of blueberry cultivars, including representatives of Vaccinium corymbosum (four cultivars), V. angustifolium (one cultivar) and V. ashei (one cultivar). All tested blueberry cultivars were considered good hosts to P. renifer (reproduction factor (RF) values > 1.0) except V. ashei `Powderblue' which was considered a poor host (RF = 0.2 and 0.1 for trials 1 and 2, respectively). Paratrichodorus renifer reduced root biomass of susceptible blueberry cultivars; however, this effect was not consistent across trials. Pratylenchus penetrans did not reproduce on any blueberry cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Population growth and damage caused by P. renifer on V. corymbosum x angustifolium `Chippewa' was assessed using field microplots. Paratrichodorus renifer reduced berry yield, canopy volume and top dry weights two years after inoculation by 40, 25 and 25%, respectively. Our results clearly indicate that P. renifer population densities increase on V. corymbosum and V. angustifolium and the nematode is potentially damaging to blueberry. C1 [Forge, Tom; Koch, Carol] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Zasada, Inga; Pinkerton, Jack] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Forge, T (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. EM Tom.Forge@agr.gc.ca FU AAFC's SAGES program FX The authors wish to thank Shaobing Yu and James Hall for assistance with microplot establishment, Amy Peetz for assistance with greenhouse experiments, and AAFC's SAGES program for funding the microplot experiments. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1080/07060661.2012.689261 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 972ZX UT WOS:000306321800012 ER PT J AU Sakakibara, K Nakatsubo, F French, AD Rosenau, T AF Sakakibara, Keita Nakatsubo, Fumiaki French, Alfred D. Rosenau, Thomas TI Chiroptical properties of an alternatingly functionalized cellotriose bearing two porphyrin groups SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; C-60; 6-O-ALPHA-(1-NAPHTHYLMETHYL)-2,3-DI-O-PENTYLCELLULOSE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CONFORMATION; COMPLEXATION; DERIVATIVES AB Right-handedness derived from bisporphyrins attached to a cellotriose backbone at O-6 and O ''-6 positions is revealed for the first time. This cellotriose is proposed as a model of alternatingly functionalized cellulosics, which have promising properties for applications in optoelectronics and molecular receptors owing to the chirality and rigid backbone effects. C1 [Sakakibara, Keita; Rosenau, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci BOKU, Dept Chem, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Sakakibara, Keita] Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Nakatsubo, Fumiaki] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sakakibara, K (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci BOKU, Dept Chem, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM sakakibara.keita.4n@kyoto-u.ac.jp; thomas.rosenau@boku.ac.at OI Rosenau, Thomas/0000-0002-6636-9260 FU Austrian BMLFUW Ministry (Project "Multifunctional celluloses'') FX The authors thank Dr C. Obinger and Dr P. Furtmueller (BOKU) for support for CD measurement and Dr A. Hofinger (BOKU) for support for NMR measurement. The financial support by the Austrian BMLFUW Ministry (Project "Multifunctional celluloses'') is gratefully acknowledged. K.S. acknowledges the Foundation of Yoshida Science and Technologies. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 62 BP 7672 EP 7674 DI 10.1039/c2cc30805c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 971BH UT WOS:000306176300002 PM 22498637 ER PT J AU Sandells, MJ Flerchinger, GN Gurney, RJ Marks, D AF Sandells, M. J. Flerchinger, G. N. Gurney, R. J. Marks, D. TI Simulation of snow and soil water content as a basis for satellite retrievals SO HYDROLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boundary conditions; physically-based model; remote sensing; snow; soil moisture ID ENERGY-BALANCE; GRAIN-SIZE; SHAW MODEL; COVER; CLIMATE; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB It is not yet possible to determine whether global snow mass has changed over time despite collection of passive microwave data for more than thirty years. Physically-based, but computationally fast snow and soil models have been coupled to form the basis of a data assimilation system for retrievals of snow mass and soil moisture from existing and future satellite observations. The model has been evaluated against observations of snow mass and soil temperature and moisture profiles from Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho. Simulation of snow mass was improved early in the season due to more realistic representation of soil heat flux, but led to an overestimation of snow mass later in the season. Soil temperatures were generally simulated well; freezing of the surface layers was not observed but was simulated, which affected soil water transport. Limited knowledge of the soil lower boundary conditions is acceptable for snow mass and surface soil moisture retrievals, although improvements are required for more accurate simulations of deeper soil moisture at this site. Development of a data assimilation framework to retrieve snow mass and near-surface soil moisture is discussed. C1 [Sandells, M. J.; Gurney, R. J.] Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. [Flerchinger, G. N.; Marks, D.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Sandells, MJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Harry Pitt Bldg,POB 238, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. EM m.j.sandells@reading.ac.uk NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1998-9563 J9 HYDROL RES JI Hydrol. Res. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 720 EP 735 DI 10.2166/nh.2012.028 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 971WW UT WOS:000306237500015 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S AF Nelson, Stuart O. Trabelsi, Samir TI Factors Influencing the Dielectric Properties of Agricultural and Food Products SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Dielectric properties; permittivity; agricultural products; foods; frequency; moisture content; temperature; density ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PERMITTIVITIES; 1.8 GHZ; FRESH FRUITS; FREQUENCY; SPECTROSCOPY; VEGETABLES; KERNELS; WHEAT; CORN; MHZ AB Dielectric properties of materials are defined, and the major factors that influence these properties of agricultural and food materials, namely, frequency of the applied radio-frequency or microwave electric fields, and water content, temperature, and density of the materials, are discussed on the basis of fundamental concepts. The dependence of measured dielectric properties on these factors is illustrated graphically and discussed for a number of agricultural and food products, including examples of grain, peanuts, fruit, eggs, fresh chicken meat, whey protein gel, and a macaroni and cheese preparation. General observations are provided on the nature of the variation of the dielectric properties with the major variables. C1 [Nelson, Stuart O.; Trabelsi, Samir] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 21 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MECHANICSVILLE PA PO BOX 1140, MECHANICSVILLE, VA 23111 USA SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 93 EP 107 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 971PQ UT WOS:000306216700006 PM 24427860 ER PT J AU Moeller, JR Moscou, MJ Bancroft, T Skadsen, RW Wise, RP Whitham, SA AF Moeller, Jackson R. Moscou, Matthew J. Bancroft, Tim Skadsen, Ronald W. Wise, Roger P. Whitham, Steven A. TI Differential accumulation of host mRNAs on polyribosomes during obligate pathogen-plant interactions SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID BARLEY-POWDERY MILDEW; TURNIP-MOSAIC-VIRUS; UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; F-SP HORDEI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; BASAL DEFENSE; CELL-WALL; INFECTION AB Plant pathogens elicit dramatic changes in the expression of host genes during both compatible and incompatible interactions. Gene expression profiling studies of plant-pathogen interactions have only considered messenger RNAs (mRNAs) present in total RNA, which contains subpopulations of actively translated mRNAs associated with polyribosomes (polysomes) and non-translated mRNAs that are not associated with polysomes. The goal of this study was to enhance previous gene expression analyses by identifying host mRNAs that become differentially associated with polysomes following pathogen inoculation. Total and polysomal RNA were extracted from barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants at 32 h after inoculation with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, and Arabidopsis thaliana plants at 10 days after inoculation with Turnip mosaic virus. Gene expression profiles were obtained for each pathosystem, which represent diverse plant host-obligate pathogen interactions. Using this approach, host mRNAs were identified that were differentially associated with polysomes in response to pathogen treatment. Approximately 18% and 26% of mRNAs represented by probe sets on the Affymetrix Barley1 and Arabidopsis ATH1 GeneChips, respectively, differentially accumulated in the two populations in one or more combinations of treatment and genotype. Gene ontology analysis of mRNAs sharing the same pattern of accumulation in total and polysomal RNA identified gene sets that contained a significant number of functionally related annotations, suggesting both transcript accumulation and recruitment to polyribosomes are coordinately regulated in these systems. C1 [Moeller, Jackson R.; Whitham, Steven A.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Plant Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moeller, Jackson R.; Moscou, Matthew J.; Wise, Roger P.; Whitham, Steven A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moscou, Matthew J.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bancroft, Tim] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Skadsen, Ronald W.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Crop & Insect Genet Genom & Informat Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Whitham, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Interdept Plant Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM swhitham@iastate.edu RI Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011 OI Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [0500461]; USDA-ARS [58-3625-3-0159]; CRIS project [3625-21000-049-00D]; Hatch Act and State of Iowa Funds FX We thank J. Bailey-Serres (University of California, Riverside) for seed of the Col-0 35S:HF-RPL18 transgenic line, A. Mustroph for advice on RPL18 immunoprecipitation, and J. Peng for microarray hybridization at the Iowa State University Gene Chip Facility. The authors are grateful for statistical consultation provided by D. Nettleton, and assistance with figure construction by G. Fuerst. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program grant no. 0500461 to RPW and SAW, USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement no. 58-3625-3-0159 to SAW, and CRIS project no. 3625-21000-049-00D to RPW. This article is a joint contribution of The Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station project no. 3608 and the Crop and Insect Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, and was supported, in part, by Hatch Act and State of Iowa Funds. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2153 EP 2165 DI 10.1039/c2mb25014d PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 968GK UT WOS:000305965100014 PM 22660698 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Cram, MM Handoo, ZA Zarnoch, SJ AF Fraedrich, Stephen W. Cram, Michelle M. Handoo, Zafar A. Zarnoch, Stanley J. TI Influence of Tylenchorhynchus ewingi on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, and host suitability of legumes and small grains SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cover crops; forest tree nursery; nematode control; pest management; stunt nematode ID PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODE SURVEYS; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; ARKANSAS; FIELDS; REPRODUCTION AB Tylenchorhynchus ewingi, a stunt nematode, causes severe injury to slash pine seedlings and has been recently associated with stunting and chlorosis of loblolly pine seedlings at some forest tree nurseries in southern USA. Experiments confirmed that loblolly pine is a host for T. ewingi, and that the nematode is capable of causing severe damage to root systems. Initial population densities as low as 60 nematodes (100 cm(3) soil)(-1) were sufficient to damage the root systems of loblolly pine seedlings. Populations of T. ewingi increased on pine from two- to 16-fold, depending on the initial population density. Evaluations of various cover crops used in southern forest tree nurseries indicated that legumes, rye and several varieties of sorghum were excellent hosts for T. ewingi. Other small grains such as ryegrass, oats and wheat were poorer hosts. A cultivar of pearl millet was a non-host for T. ewingi, and a cultivar of brown top millet appeared to be either a very poor host or a non-host. Nurseries that have seedling production losses caused by T. ewingi should consider rotating with non-host cover crops such as pearl millet or leaving fields fallow as part of their pest management programme. C1 [Fraedrich, Stephen W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Handoo, Zafar A.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zarnoch, Stanley J.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sfraedrich@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2012 VL 14 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1163/156854111X603784 PN 4 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 971AT UT WOS:000306174800004 ER PT J AU Masler, EP Nagarkar, A Edwards, L Hooks, CRR AF Masler, Edward P. Nagarkar, Asmita Edwards, Lanelle Hooks, Cerruti R. R. TI Behaviour of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita infective juveniles exposed to nematode FMRFamide-like peptides in vitro SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLPs; movement; neuromuscular; parasite; pepper; plant-parasitic nematode; soybean ID NEUROPEPTIDE GENE FAMILIES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; LOCOMOTORY BEHAVIOR; ASCARIS-SUUM; LOCALIZATION AB The effects of 1 mM solutions of FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) on the behaviours of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita infective juveniles (J2) were examined in vitro. Seven FLPs, representing products of five flp genes and comprising a variety of amino acid sequences, were tested for their effects on J2 head movement frequency. Distinct differences in species responses were observed. KHEYLRFa and KSAYMRFa caused increased head movement frequencies in each species. In H. glycines KHEYLRFa was 2.9-fold more potent than KSAYMRFa. In M. incognita the potencies were equal. KHEYLRFa and KSAYMRFa each stimulated H. glycines J2 more effectively than M. incognita J2. However, two additional FLPs, AQTFVRFa and SAPYDPNFLRFa, were stimulatory in M. incognita but not in H. glycines. KPNFIRFa, KPNFLRFa and RNSSPLGTMRFa had no effect on either species. Substitution of D-amino acids at any position in KHEYLRFa resulted in decreased stimulation of head movement relative to the native peptide in each species, but all of the D-amino acid KHEYLRFa analogues were stimulatory relative to untreated controls. D-amino acid substitutions in KSAYMRFa eliminated stimulatory activity in M. incognita by all analogues except dKSAYMRFa. In H. glycines, only KSdAYMRFa and KSAYMdRFa were not stimulatory, and KSAYdMRFa stimulated equal to the native peptide. The remaining four analogues each stimulated relative to controls but below the native peptide level. Analysis of the head movement behaviour of large numbers of J2 of each species demonstrated that behaviours are quite stable and responses to FLP treatment are highly predictable. C1 [Masler, Edward P.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nagarkar, Asmita; Edwards, Lanelle; Hooks, Cerruti R. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM edward.masler@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2012 VL 14 BP 605 EP 612 DI 10.1163/156854111X617879 PN 5 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 969XK UT WOS:000306092500009 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, TW Hennen, MJ Brown, ML Rosentrater, KA AF Schaeffer, Travis W. Hennen, Matthew J. Brown, Michael L. Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Nutritional Composition and Use of Common Carp Muscle in Yellow Perch Diets SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; FISH-MEAL; GROWTH; TILAPIA; REPLACEMENT; FLAVESCENS; SOLUBLES; REQUIREMENT; AQUACULTURE AB High market demand for marine fish meals coupled with increasing costs and questionable sustainability of wild stocks have led researchers to investigate a variety of alternative plant and animal protein sources for aquaculture feeds. Our objective was to evaluate the use of common carp Cyprinus carpio, a locally abundant, nonnative fish species, to offset the cost of marine fish meal in fish feed. We completed analyses of common carp whole muscle, formulated diets containing combinations of carp and Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus fish meal, and then evaluated test diets in a feeding trial with yellow perch Perca flavescens. Composition (dry matter basis [dmb]) of common carp flesh (crude protein [CP] = 73.4%, crude lipid [CL] = 25.7%) slightly differed from menhaden fish meal (MFM; CP = 71.0%, CL = 11.7%, dmb). Three experimental diets were formulated to include percentage ratios of 50: 0, 25: 25, or 0: 50 of common carp muscle meal (CCMM) to MFM to obtain similar crude protein (29.7 +/- 0.9% [mean +/- SD]), crude lipid (15.0 +/- 3.7%), and digestible energy (14.2 +/- 0.3 kJ/g) levels. Juvenile yellow perch (initial weight = 18.1 +/- 3.3 g) were randomly stocked (n = 7) in twelve 37-L tanks resulting in four replicate tanks per treatment. Fish fed 25% CCMM : 25% MFM had significantly higher weight gain, while fish fed 50% CCMM : 0% MFM had significantly higher food conversion ratios and lower visceral somatic indices. No statistically significant differences were observed for protein efficiency ratios, Fulton condition factors, hepatosomatic indices, or feed intake of fish fed the different diets. These results indicate that CCMM can be used to partially offset the use of MFM in yellow perch diets. C1 [Schaeffer, Travis W.; Hennen, Matthew J.; Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, No Plains Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.brown@sdstate.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Brookings; Department of Natural Resources Management, South Dakota State University; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University FX The authors thank the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Brookings, and Department of Natural Resources Management and Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, for financial support and use of equipment and facilities. The authors thank Andrew Ahrens, Christopher Dekker, Seth Lundgren, Daniel Spengler, Andrew Wiering, and staff from the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks for their help with collecting and processing data and assistance with the feeding trial. The authors also thankfully acknowledge Sharon Nichols, Christine Keierleber, and Ferouz Ayadi for their help during the extrusion of the experimental feeds. This study was performed in compliance with the South Dakota State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (07-E016). Mention of trade name, propriety product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval of a product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.675991 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000003 ER PT J AU Chatakondi, NG Torrans, EL AF Chatakondi, Nagaraj G. Torrans, Eugene L. TI The Effect of Calcium Hardness on Hatching Success of Channel Catfish x Blue Catfish Hybrid Catfish Eggs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID WATER HARDNESS; SALMON EGGS; FERTILIZATION; PIMELODIDAE; GROWTH AB The present study was designed to determine the optimal level of calcium hardness in hatching waters to incubate channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus x blue catfish I. furcatus hybrid catfish eggs. Hatching success of hybrid catfish eggs was higher (P < 0.05) at a calcium hardness (CaCO3) of 75 mg/L in hatching waters than at a calcium hardness of 25 or 50 mg/L; however, further increases in calcium concentration did not improve hatching success. A minimum water hardness of CaCO3 at 75 mg/L is recommended for incubating hybrid catfish eggs. C1 [Chatakondi, Nagaraj G.; Torrans, Eugene L.] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chatakondi, NG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nagaraj.chatakondi@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 306 EP 309 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676003 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000004 ER PT J AU Farmer, BD Beck, BH Straus, DL AF Farmer, Bradley D. Beck, Benjamin H. Straus, David L. TI Effectiveness of Copper Sulfate and Potassium Permanganate on Channel Catfish Infected with Flavobacterium columnare SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; HISTOLOGY; EFFICACY; FISH AB Copper sulfate (CuSO4) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were evaluated for their effectiveness to curtail mortality and decrease bacterial load in fish tissues and water in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with Flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris. Fish (average size, 16.6 g and 13.7 cm) were obtained from a single culture tank undergoing an epizootic of columnaris and were stocked at a density of 30 fish per tank in each of 12 tanks. The study consisted of three treatments (n= 4 replicates per treatment): an untreated control group, a CuSO4-treated group, and a KMnO4-treated group. Treatment rates were 2.1 mg/L CuSO4 and 3.0 mg/L KMnO4 and were applied on three consecutive days at 24-h intervals. Caudal fin, gill, and liver samples were taken from one fish of each replication 24 h after the last treatment for analysis by quantitative real time PCR. A significant improvement in survival was noted among fish treated with CuSO4 (72.7%) compared with the control fish (38.5%) and the KMnO4-treated fish (52.2%). Survival of the KMnO4-treated fish was not significantly different from the control. Quantitative PCR indicated a significant reduction of bacteria in the water after the first and second treatments of both therapeutants; no difference was detected in fish tissues. Histological analysis of gill samples 24 h after the last treatment indicated that CuSO4-treated fish exhibited significantly less gill damage than untreated controls and there was no difference in KMnO4-treated fish. Copper sulfate therapy significantly improved survival, reduced the number of bacteria in the water, and reduced gill pathologies associated with F. columnare infection in channel catfish. C1 [Farmer, Bradley D.; Beck, Benjamin H.; Straus, David L.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Farmer, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM bradley.farmer@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA), Agricultural Research Service [6225-32000-004-00D] FX The authors thank Matt Barnett and Cindy Ledbetter for their technical assistance throughout the course of the study. We are grateful to Matt Griffin, Steven Rawles, and Ben LaFrentz for constructive comments and review of early manuscripts. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service under Project 6225-32000-004-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 320 EP 329 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676000 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000007 ER PT J AU Green, BW O'Neal, EG AF Green, Bartholomew W. O'Neal, E. Gregory TI A Submersible Magnetic Stirrer for Use in Measuring Photosynthesis in a Biofloc Technology Production System SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BIO-FLOCS TECHNOLOGY; AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS; COMMUNITIES; EXCHANGE; PONDS AB Measuring photosynthesis or primary productivity in biofloc technology production systems is challenging because the biofloc must be maintained in suspension constantly. Photosynthesis can be measured in external incubators designed to keep the biofloc suspended in the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) bottle, but primary productivity must be measured in the biofloc technology production system culture unit. Therefore, a submersible device is required to keep the biofloc suspended in the BOD bottle. This report details a submersible, air-powered magnetic stirrer that we designed, fabricated from off-the-shelf materials, and tested in biofloc technology production system tanks. C1 [Green, Bartholomew W.; O'Neal, E. Gregory] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Green, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM bart.green@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service [6225-31630-006-00D] FX We thank Rebecca Jacobs for taking the photos for Figure 1. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service under project number 6225-31630-006-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676018 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000010 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Tucker, CS AF Schrader, Kevin K. Tucker, Craig S. TI Evaluation of Off-Flavor in Pond-Raised Channel Catfish following Partial Crop Harvest SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN; CYANOBACTERIA AB Ponds used to raise channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the southeastern United States often contain more food-sized catfish than processors can accept at one time. Fish remaining after initial harvest are returned to the pond and harvested again as soon as possible based upon processor demands. Some catfish farmers report that catfish crops initially declared "on-flavor" appear to develop off-flavors soon after the first harvest, which postpones harvest of the remaining population and delays subsequent production. We conducted a 9-month study on a commercial catfish farm in northwest Mississippi to determine whether fish systematically develop off-flavors after partial fish harvest and, if so, the type and origin of the flavor. Channel catfish and water samples were obtained from 12 ponds before initial harvest and then at intervals for 2 weeks after harvest. Water and catfish fillet samples were analyzed for geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). Phytoplankton were identified and counted microscopically. Catfish fillets were also used in sensory analysis to determine quality and intensity of off-flavor. In most ponds, MIB levels decreased or remained unchanged in pond water after the first seining while geosmin levels remained very low (<10 ng/L) in all ponds. Analysis indicated that mean MIB concentrations in catfish fillets either decreased or were unchanged after the initial harvest. Similar results were found for geosmin concentrations in catfish fillets. There was also no systematic change in fillet flavor quality as determined by sensory analysis. The MIB-producing cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata was found in only three ponds, and the abundance of P. perornata decreased in two ponds after initial harvest and transiently increased in the third pond. Overall, we found no systematic changes in fish flavor quality after partial fish harvest and no indication that harvest activities changed ecological conditions that would cause an increase in odor-producing cyanobacteria. C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tucker, Craig S.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676012 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000015 ER PT J AU dos Santos, NZ Prior, SA Gabardo, J Valaski, JC Motta, ACV Neto, AF AF dos Santos, Nicolas Z. Prior, Stephen A. Gabardo, Juarez Valaski, Julio C. Motta, Antonio C. V. Ferreira Neto, Antonio TI INFLUENCE OF CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT ON RESIDUE PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; corn cultivars; C and N concentration; residue quality ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; LIGNIN CONTENT; CROP-ROTATION; MAIZE; DECOMPOSITION; TILLAGE AB The amount and composition of crop residues added to soil in agroecosystems can influence decomposition processes and soil organic matter levels. This study aimed to evaluate residues (quantity and quality) of different corn cultivars commonly used in Brazilian cropping systems. The experiment was conducted for two seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) in Rolandia, Parana State, Brazil. Ten corn cultivars that represent five degrees of breeding development (i.e., landrace, commercial variety, double cross, triple cross, and single cross hybrids) were evaluated. At harvest, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of non-yield residue and grain were determined. Except for grain C, other measures (grain N concentration, residue C and N concentration, and C: N ratio) varied among cultivars. In general, the hybrids had higher residue C and lower residue N concentrations than the landraces and commercial varieties. Findings suggest that breeding selection may have altered residue production and composition, which may influence soil C dynamics. C1 [Motta, Antonio C. V.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Solos & Engn Agr, Setor Ciencias Agr, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [dos Santos, Nicolas Z.; Ferreira Neto, Antonio] Monsanto Brasil Ltda, Dept Technol Dev, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Prior, Stephen A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. [Gabardo, Juarez; Valaski, Julio C.] Univ Fed Parana, Setor Ciencias Biol, Dept Genet, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Motta, ACV (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dept Solos & Engn Agr, Setor Ciencias Agr, 1540 Rua Funcionarios, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM mottaacv@ufpr.br OI Zendonadi dos Santos, Nicolas/0000-0002-3365-6060 FU Monsanto do Brasil Ltda. FX The authors thank Marcus C. Brites and Luciana Verardino for field technical assistance; Felipe S. Fiorentin and Gabriel M. Ferreira for field data collection; Barry Dorman of the USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory for laboratory analysis; and Monsanto do Brasil Ltda. for supporting this research. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 750 EP 769 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.653078 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 946AC UT WOS:000304318800008 ER PT J AU Guerra, B Steenwerth, K AF Guerra, Bibiana Steenwerth, Kerri TI Influence of Floor Management Technique on Grapevine Growth, Disease Pressure, and Juice and Wine Composition: A Review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Review DE cover crop; mulch; weed control; winegrape; cultivation; vineyard ID COVER CROP MANAGEMENT; VINIFERA CV MERLOT; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; WEED-CONTROL; SOIL-MANAGEMENT; RIVER VALLEY; PINOT-NOIR; MEDITERRANEAN VINEYARD; GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT; FRUIT COMPOSITION AB Vineyard floor management has multiple goals that encompass improving weed management and soil conservation, reducing soil resource availability to control vine vigor, and influencing desirable aspects in wine quality. This review addresses the effects of cultivation, weed control, cover crops, and mulch on vine growth and balance, disease pressure, yield, and juice and wine quality in many growing regions (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Europe, and the western United States); offers recommendations for practical use; and highlights research needs. In the last decade, more literature has been published on mulching and cover cropping than on cultivation and herbicide use, suggesting stronger interest in cover cropping and mulching practices for vineyards. Cover crops have the potential to improve soil and vine health, can be adapted to many climates and soils, and may influence vine vigor by adjusting parameters such as the length of their growth period, coverage of the vineyard floor, and aggressiveness. Cover crops increased juice soluble solids, anthocyanins, and other phenolic components and decreased titratable acidity and pH. They were associated with red wines judged superior to those issued from non-cover-cropped vines. Use of organic mulches resulted in improved vine balance, soil water content, and friability, increased yields, and reduced pathogen and pest pressure. Plastic and fabric mulches remain impractical due to high installation cost. Application of newer techniques such as flame weeding or soil steaming is limited due to difficulty in targeting the appropriate stage of weed growth and limited susceptibility of some weed species to these techniques. Research needs include development of multiyear, multidisciplinary studies that use a mechanistic approach to link management practices to soil processes, grapevine responses, grape and wine composition, and sensory characteristics. C1 [Steenwerth, Kerri] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Guerra, Bibiana] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kerri.steenwerth@ars.usda.gov FU American Vineyard Foundation; California Competitive Grant Program for Research in Viticulture and Enology; Viticulture Consortium West FX This literature review was funded by a grant from the American Vineyard Foundation, the California Competitive Grant Program for Research in Viticulture and Enology, and the Viticulture Consortium West. NR 136 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 10 U2 89 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.5344/ajev.2011.10001 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 967SV UT WOS:000305929000001 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Zasada, IA Pinkerton, JN AF Schreiner, R. Paul Zasada, Inga A. Pinkerton, John N. TI Consequences of Mesocriconema xenoplax Parasitism on Pinot noir Grapevines Grafted on Rootstocks of Varying Susceptibility SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; ring nematode; root growth; soil respiration; Vitis vinifera ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NEMATODE CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; VITIS-VINIFERA; SOIL RESPIRATION; OREGON VINEYARDS; ROOT; COLONIZATION; POTASSIUM; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS AB Pinot noir grapevines grafted to five rootstocks (Vitis vinifera) and a self-rooted control known to vary in resistance to ring nematode (Mesocriconema xenoplax) were studied over four years to evaluate durability of resistance to ring nematode and to better understand how ring nematode parasitism affects below- and aboveground vine growth and physiology. Ring nematode populations in infested microplots of all three susceptible vines (self-rooted, 3309C, 1103P) increased rapidly during the second year and remained high throughout the study, while nematodes increased in two of the previously resistant rootstocks (110R, 101-14) during the third year. Only 420A remained resistant through the entire 4-year period. The impact of ring nematode parasitism on vines was most apparent in the susceptible rootstocks and self-rooted vines with reductions in fine root growth and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occurring as early as the second year. Reductions in both fine root production and AMF colonization due to ring nematode were greater in subsequent years in the susceptible vines. The frequency of fine roots containing vesicles of AMF was reduced in all five rootstocks that supported a population increase of ring nematode (only 420A was unaffected). Ring nematode did not alter aboveground vine performance until the third or fourth growing season, when shoot lengths and pruning weights were reduced in the three susceptible vines. Ring nematode did not alter shoot growth in any of the three resistant rootstocks, nor did it affect leaf gas exchange or leaf water potential in any vines in any year. However, by year four ring nematode reduced fruit yield as a main effect across all rootstock treatments. C1 [Schreiner, R. Paul; Zasada, Inga A.; Pinkerton, John N.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Paul.Schreiner@ars.usda.gov FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX This project was funded in part by the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 2 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.5344/ajev.2012.11104 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 967SV UT WOS:000305929000011 ER PT J AU Buker, P Morrissey, T Briolat, A Falk, R Simpson, D Tuovinen, JP Alonso, R Barth, S Baumgarten, M Grulke, N Karlsson, PE King, J Lagergren, F Matyssek, R Nunn, A Ogaya, R Penuelas, J Rhea, L Schaub, M Uddling, J Werner, W Emberson, LD AF Bueker, P. Morrissey, T. Briolat, A. Falk, R. Simpson, D. Tuovinen, J. -P. Alonso, R. Barth, S. Baumgarten, M. Grulke, N. Karlsson, P. E. King, J. Lagergren, F. Matyssek, R. Nunn, A. Ogaya, R. Penuelas, J. Rhea, L. Schaub, M. Uddling, J. Werner, W. Emberson, L. D. TI DO3SE modelling of soil moisture to determine ozone flux to forest trees SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA; PICEA-ABIES L; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; PLANT-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FOREST; ASPEN-BIRCH FORESTS; FREE-AIR FUMIGATION; HOLM OAK FOREST; QUERCUS-ILEX L; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AB The DO3SE (Deposition of O-3 for Stomatal Exchange) model is an established tool for estimating ozone (O-3) deposition, stomatal flux and impacts to a variety of vegetation types across Europe. It has been embedded within the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) photochemical model to provide a policy tool capable of relating the flux-based risk of vegetation damage to O-3 precursor emission scenarios for use in policy formulation. A key limitation of regional flux-based risk assessments has been the assumption that soil water deficits are not limiting O-3 flux due to the unavailability of evaluated methods for modelling soil water deficits and their influence on stomatal conductance (g(sto)), and subsequent O-3 flux.
This paper describes the development and evaluation of a method to estimate soil moisture status and its influence on g(sto) for a variety of forest tree species. This DO3SE soil moisture module uses the Penman-Monteith energy balance method to drive water cycling through the soil-plant-atmosphere system and empirical data describing g(sto) relationships with pre-dawn leaf water status to estimate the biological control of transpiration. We trial four different methods to estimate this biological control of the transpiration stream, which vary from simple methods that relate soil water content or potential directly to g(sto), to more complex methods that incorporate hydraulic resistance and plant capacitance that control water flow through the plant system.
These methods are evaluated against field data describing a variety of soil water variables, g(sto) and transpiration data for Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), birch (Betula pendula), aspen (Populus tremuloides), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) collected from ten sites across Europe and North America. Modelled estimates of these variables show consistency with observed data when applying the simple empirical methods, with the timing and magnitude of soil drying events being captured well across all sites and reductions in transpiration with the onset of drought being predicted with reasonable accuracy. The more complex methods, which incorporate hydraulic resistance and plant capacitance, perform less well, with predicted drying cycles consistently underestimating the rate and magnitude of water loss from the soil.
A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance was strongly dependent upon the local parameterisation of key model drivers such as the maximum g(sto), soil texture, root depth and leaf area index. The results suggest that the simple modelling methods that relate g(sto) directly to soil water content and potential provide adequate estimates of soil moisture and influence on g(sto) such that they are suitable to be used to assess the potential risk posed by O-3 to forest trees across Europe. C1 [Bueker, P.; Morrissey, T.; Briolat, A.; Falk, R.; Emberson, L. D.] Univ York, Dept Environm, Stockholm Environm Inst York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Simpson, D.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, EMEP MSC W, Oslo, Norway. [Simpson, D.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Tuovinen, J. -P.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Alonso, R.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Barth, S.; Uddling, J.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Baumgarten, M.; Matyssek, R.; Nunn, A.] Tech Univ Munich, Life Sci Ctr Weihenstephan, Dept Ecol & Ecosyst Management, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Grulke, N.] US Forest Serv, Western Wildlands Environm Threats Assessment Ctr, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Prineville, OR USA. [Karlsson, P. E.] Swedish Environm Res Inst, IVL, S-40258 Gothenburg, Sweden. [King, J.; Rhea, L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [King, J.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Antwerp, Belgium. [Lagergren, F.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Lund, Sweden. [Ogaya, R.; Penuelas, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, Global Ecol Unit CREAF CEAB CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Schaub, M.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Werner, W.] Univ Trier, Dept Geobot, Trier, Germany. RP Buker, P (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Environm, Stockholm Environm Inst York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM patrick.bueker@sei-international.org RI Simpson, David/A-3313-2009; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016; Schaub, Marcus/E-4874-2012 OI Simpson, David/0000-0001-9538-3208; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347; Schaub, Marcus/0000-0002-0158-8892 FU UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [AQ 601]; EU Nitro-Europe project; EMEP under UNECE; Spanish project Consolider Montes [CSD2008-00040, CGL2009-13188-C03-02]; Spanish project CAM-Agrisost FX We acknowledge the UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) under contract AQ 601 who provided support for this research, as well as funding from the EU Nitro-Europe project (www.nitroeurope.eu) and EMEP under UNECE. We also acknowledge the data contribution by Burkhard Beudert (National Park Bayerischer Wald), Stephan Raspe (Bayerische Landesanstalt fur Wald und Forstwirtschaft), Joachim Block and Hans-Werner Schrock (Forschungsanstalt fur Waldokologie und Forstwirtschaft, Trippstadt), the insightful contributions to this manuscript provided by Roman Zweifel and Dolores Asensio, and Freya Forrest for help in performing some of the DO3SE modelling. R. Alonso would like to thank the Spanish projects Consolider Montes CSD2008-00040, CGL2009-13188-C03-02 and CAM-Agrisost for their financial support, which allowed contributions to this research. NR 149 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 55 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 12 BP 5537 EP 5562 DI 10.5194/acp-12-5537-2012 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 966KG UT WOS:000305835900015 ER PT J AU Helama, S Devall, MS AF Helama, Samuli Devall, Margaret S. TI Tree-ring science under the midnight sun: Papers from the 8th International Conference on Dendrochronology-WorldDendro 2010 Introduction SO DENDROCHRONOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Helama, Samuli] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland. [Devall, Margaret S.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Helama, S (reprint author), Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland. EM samuli.helama@ulapland.fi; mdevall@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1125-7865 J9 DENDROCHRONOLOGIA JI Dendrochronologia PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 SI SI BP 67 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.dendro.2011.12.001 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Physical Geography GA 966XT UT WOS:000305871400001 ER PT J AU Bengston, DN Kubik, GH Bishop, PC AF Bengston, David N. Kubik, George H. Bishop, Peter C. TI Strengthening Environmental Foresight: Potential Contributions of Futures Research SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE environmental futures; futures research; scenarios; strategic foresight ID ADAPTIVE COMANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; GLOBAL SCENARIOS; VISIONS; ECOLOGY; DELPHI; POLICY; LONG AB The need for environmental foresight has increased in recent decades as the pace of change has accelerated and the frequency of surprise has increased. Successfully dealing with the growing impacts of change on social-ecological systems depends on our ability to anticipate change. But traditional scientific tools are blunt instruments for studying a future that does not exist. We propose that futures research, a transdisciplinary field of inquiry that has been developing for more than 50 years, offers an underused but fruitful set of approaches to address this important challenge. A few futures research methods-notably several forms of scenario analysis-have been applied to environmental issues and problems in recent years. But futurists have developed an array of other useful methods for exploring possible, plausible, and preferable futures, important insights into the nature of change, and perspectives for thinking creatively and deeply about the future. We present an overview of futures research and its potential to enrich environmental planning and policy by offering a cross-fertilization of new ideas and approaches, providing a more complete view of emerging environmental problems, and facilitating the development of strategies to increase adaptive capacity and deal more effectively with surprises. C1 [Bengston, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kubik, George H.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bishop, Peter C.] Univ Houston, Dept Futures Studies, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Bengston, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 103 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 AR 10 DI 10.5751/ES-04794-170210 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969PI UT WOS:000306067400022 ER PT J AU Davis, CG Dong, DS Blayney, D Yen, ST Stillman, R AF Davis, Christopher G. Dong, Diansheng Blayney, Donald Yen, Steven T. Stillman, Richard TI U.S. Fluid Milk Demand: A Disaggregated Approach SO INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE censored demand; fluid milk; Nielsen Homescan ID CONSUMER DEMAND; NONNEGATIVITY CONSTRAINTS; PANEL-DATA; SYSTEMS; CHEESE; EXPENDITURES; REGRESSION; EQUATIONS; QUALITY; MODELS AB In this study, we examine retail fluid milk data from Nielsen 2007 Homescan. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of demographic variables, retail prices and total milk expenditure on flavored and non-flavored milk purchases. A censored AIDS model is used in estimate the demand for fluid milk. Results reveal that demographic variables have statistically significant impacts on fluid milk purchases, and own-price elasticities are unity or elastic for almost all fluid milk categories. All expenditure elasticities are unity or greater except whole milk and 1% milk. C1 [Davis, Christopher G.; Blayney, Donald; Stillman, Richard] USDA ARS, Markets & Trade Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Dong, Diansheng] USDA ARS, Food & Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Yen, Steven T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Davis, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Markets & Trade Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, 335 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM chrisdavis@ers.usda.gov; ddong@ers.usda.gov; dblayney@ers.usda.gov; syen@utk.edu; stillman@ers.usda.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT REVIEW PI COLLEGE STATION PA 333 BLOCKER BUILDING, 2124 TAMU, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-2124 USA SN 1559-2448 J9 INT FOOD AGRIBUS MAN JI Int. Food Agribus. Manag. Rev. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 25 EP 50 PG 26 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA 967VI UT WOS:000305935500003 ER PT J AU Teixeira, EW Chen, YP Message, D Boncristiani, HF Pettis, JS Evans, JD AF Teixeira, Erica W. Chen, Yan-Ping Message, Dejair Boncristiani, Humberto F. Pettis, Jeff S. Evans, Jay D. TI Israeli acute paralysis virus in Africanized honey bees in southeastern Brazilian Apiaries SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Africanized honey bees; viruses; IAPV; colony collapse disorder ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR MITES; APIS-MELLIFERA; JACOBSONI; INFESTATION; RESISTANCE C1 [Teixeira, Erica W.] PRDTA VP Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios SAA, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, Yan-Ping; Pettis, Jeff S.; Evans, Jay D.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Message, Dejair] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Boncristiani, Humberto F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. RP Teixeira, EW (reprint author), PRDTA VP Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios SAA, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM erica@apta.sp.gov.br RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 3 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.3.11 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 969QJ UT WOS:000306070300011 ER PT J AU Danka, RG Harris, JW Villalobos, E Glenn, T AF Danka, Robert G. Harris, Jeffrey W. Villalobos, Ethel Glenn, Thomas TI Varroa destructor resistance of honey bees in Hawaii, USA, with different genetic proportions of Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; honey bees; genetic resistance; integrated pest management; bee breeding ID HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE C1 [Danka, Robert G.; Harris, Jeffrey W.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Villalobos, Ethel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Glenn, Thomas] Glenn Apiaries, Fallbrook, CA 92088 USA. RP Danka, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM bob.danka@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 3 BP 288 EP 290 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.3.13 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 969QJ UT WOS:000306070300013 ER PT S AU Liu, YL Thibodeaux, D Gamble, G Bauer, P VanDerveer, D AF Liu, Yongliang Thibodeaux, Devron Gamble, Gary Bauer, Philip VanDerveer, Don BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Simple XRD algorithm for direct determination of cotton crystallinity SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE XRD; FT-IR; cellulose; cotton fiber; crystallinity ID SPECTROSCOPY; FIBERS; STRENGTH AB Traditionally, XRD had been used to study the crystalline structure of cotton celluloses. Despite considerable efforts in developing the curve-fitting protocol to evaluate the crystallinity index (CI), in its present state, XRD measurement can only provide a qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment of the amounts of crystalline and amorphous cellulosic components in a sample. The greatest barrier to establish quantitative XRD is the lack of appropriate cellulose standards needed to calibrate the measurements. In practice, samples with known CIs are very difficult to be prepared or determined. As an approach, we might assign the samples with reported CIs from FT-IR procedure, in which the three-band ratios were first calculated and then were converted into CIs within a large and diversified pool of cotton fibers. This study reports the development of simple XRD algorithm, over time-consuming and subjective curve-fitting process, for direct determination of cotton cellulose CI by correlating XRD with the FT-IR CI references. C1 [Liu, Yongliang] ARS, USDA, SRRC, Cotton Struct & Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, Cotton Struct & Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9052-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8374 AR 83740A DI 10.1117/12.918628 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW56 UT WOS:000305752100010 ER PT J AU O'Seaghdha, CM Hwang, SJ Holden, R Booth, SL Fox, CS AF O'Seaghdha, Conall M. Hwang, Shih-Jen Holden, Rachel Booth, Sarah L. Fox, Caroline S. TI Phylloquinone and Vitamin D Status: Associations with Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in the Framingham Offspring Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chronic kidney disease; Vitamin K; Vitamin D ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; K EPOXIDE REDUCTASE; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; D ANALOG; ARTERY CALCIFICATION; BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SERUM CREATININE AB Background: Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and CKD and vascular disease are etiologically linked. Evidence suggests deficiencies of vitamins D and K may adversely affect the cardiovascular system, but data from longitudinal studies are lacking. We hypothesized that deficiencies of vitamins D and K may be associated with incident CKD and/or incident albuminuria amongst members of the general population. Methods: We analyzed 1,442 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age 58 years; 50.5% women), free of CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), with a mean follow-up of 7.8 years in 2005-2008. Incident albuminuria was defined using sex-specific cut-offs of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (>= 17 mg/g men and >= 25 mg/g women). Baseline log plasma phylloquinone (vitamin K-1) and 25(OH) D levels, analyzed as continuous variables and by quartile, were related to risk of incident CKD (n = 108) and incident albuminuria (n = 106) using logistic regression models adjusted for standard risk factors. Results: Participants in the highest phylloquinone quartile (>= 1.78 nmol/l) had an increased risk of CKD (multivariable-adjusted OR Q(4) vs. Q(1) 2.39; p = 0.006) and albuminuria at follow-up (multivariable-adjusted OR Q(4) vs. Q(1) 1.95; p = 0.05), whereas no association was observed with continuous phylloquinone levels for either endpoint. Deficiency of 25(OH) D was not associated with incident CKD or albuminuria in either analysis. Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, higher plasma phylloquinone levels are associated with an increased risk of incident CKD. Whether plasma phylloquinone is a marker for another unmeasured risk factor requires further study. External validation is necessary given the unexpected nature of these results. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [O'Seaghdha, Conall M.; Hwang, Shih-Jen; Fox, Caroline S.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. [O'Seaghdha, Conall M.; Hwang, Shih-Jen; Fox, Caroline S.] Ctr Populat Studies, Framingham, MA USA. [O'Seaghdha, Conall M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Renal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Holden, Rachel] Queens Univ, Div Nephrol, Kingston, ON, Canada. RP Fox, CS (reprint author), NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave,Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401]; National Institute of Health [AG14759]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-25195] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-4-401, the National Institute of Health (AG14759). The Framingham Heart Study is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-25195). The funding source had no role in the design, conduct, or reporting of the study or in the decision to submit the report for publication. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-8095 J9 AM J NEPHROL JI Am. J. Nephrol. PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1159/000339005 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 966BR UT WOS:000305812300009 PM 22722822 ER PT J AU Douds, DD Lee, J Rogers, L Lohman, ME Pinzon, N Ganser, S AF Douds, D. D., Jr. Lee, J. Rogers, L. Lohman, M. E. Pinzon, N. Ganser, S. TI Utilization of inoculum of AM fungi produced on-farm for the production of Capsicum annuum: A summary of seven years of field trials on a conventional vegetable farm SO BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE LA English DT Article DE bell pepper; Capsicum annuum; high P soil; sustainable agriculture ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; HIGH P-SOIL; BELL PEPPER; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; NUTRIENT CONTENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; INOCULATION; YIELD; PLANTS AB Utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus inoculum has been encouraged as a way for vegetable farmers to better utilize the AM symbiosis. On-farm systems can economically produce inoculum that has been shown to increase the yield of specific crops. Seven years of field studies were conducted with five or six cultivars of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) each year to transfer the on-farm inoculum production and utilization system to a conventional vegetable farm with high soil available P, typical of the mid-Atlantic region of the US (159 mg kg(-1) soil). Seedlings were inoculated in the greenhouse with a mixed species inoculum of AM fungi produced on that farm. Performance of the inoculation treatment was evaluated based on growth response in the greenhouse and fruit production in the field. Colonization levels were typically only 3% of root length at the time of outplanting. Growth response in the greenhouse and yield response in the field varied by cultivar and the two measures were typically inversely proportional. Overall, mean fruit yield was not significantly different between inoculated and uninoculated plants; however, cv. Boynton Bell exhibited a significant positive response to inoculation (9.1 +/- 2.4%) over the years. The results of this seven-year study illustrate the reliability of the on-farm method of AM fungus inoculum production; however, the lack of a significant yield response for most cultivars studied reflects the current debate surrounding the functional role of AM fungi in high P soils. C1 [Douds, D. D., Jr.; Lee, J.; Rogers, L.] USDA ARS ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Lohman, M. E.; Pinzon, N.] Rodale Inst Expt Farm, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Ganser, S.] Eagle Point Farm, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.douds@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSRSEES [LNE03-179] FX This work was supported in part with support from grant no. LNE03-179 from the USDA-CSRSEES Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program. We would like to thank J. Phillips for statistical advice and S. Campbell and the many Rodale Institute interns who helped with harvesting and analysis over the years. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8765 EI 2165-0616 J9 BIOL AGRIC HORTIC JI Biol. Agric. Hortic. PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 129 EP 145 DI 10.1080/01448765.2012.693362 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 957QA UT WOS:000305176500006 ER PT J AU Cochrane, MA Moran, CJ Wimberly, MC Baer, AD Finney, MA Beckendorf, KL Eidenshink, J Zhu, Z AF Cochrane, M. A. Moran, C. J. Wimberly, M. C. Baer, A. D. Finney, M. A. Beckendorf, K. L. Eidenshink, J. Zhu, Z. TI Estimation of wildfire size and risk changes due to fuels treatments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE FARSITE; fire behaviour; fire extent; fire management; fire modelling; fire risk; fire spread ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CROWN FIRE; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; FOREST; BEHAVIOR; PRINCIPLES; SIMULATION; REDUCTION; SEVERITY AB Human land use practices, altered climates, and shifting forest and fire management policies have increased the frequency of large wildfires several-fold. Mitigation of potential fire behaviour and fire severity have increasingly been attempted through pre-fire alteration of wildland fuels using mechanical treatments and prescribed fires. Despite annual treatment of more than a million hectares of land, quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of existing fuel treatments at reducing the size of actual wildfires or how they might alter the risk of burning across landscapes are currently lacking. Here, we present a method for estimating spatial probabilities of burning as a function of extant fuels treatments for any wildland fire-affected landscape. We examined the landscape effects of more than 72 000 ha of wildland fuel treatments involved in 14 large wildfires that burned 314 000 ha of forests in nine US states between 2002 and 2010. Fuels treatments altered the probability of fire occurrence both positively and negatively across landscapes, effectively redistributing fire risk by changing surface fire spread rates and reducing the likelihood of crowning behaviour. Trade offs are created between formation of large areas with low probabilities of increased burning and smaller, well-defined regions with reduced fire risk. C1 [Cochrane, M. A.; Moran, C. J.; Wimberly, M. C.; Baer, A. D.] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Finney, M. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Beckendorf, K. L.] US Geol Survey, ASRC, Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Eidenshink, J.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cochrane, MA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mark.cochrane@sdstate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 FU Joint Fire Science Program [07CRAG0001] FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (grant number 07CRAG0001). We thank Birgit Peterson and Jim Vogelmann for reviewing earlier versions of the manuscript and the many land managers who provided fuels treatment and wildfire data. Several additional individuals provided assistance with data collection (Chris Barber, Izaya Numata, Don Ohlen, Sarah Arnold, Narayanaraj Ganapathy, Aaron Stingley and Brad Strichertz) and expert opinion during field visits. NR 38 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 56 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1071/WF11079 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961YS UT WOS:000305506100004 ER PT J AU Koo, E Linn, RR Pagni, PJ Edminster, CB AF Koo, Eunmo Linn, Rodman R. Pagni, Patrick J. Edminster, Carleton B. TI Modelling firebrand transport in wildfires using HIGRAD/FIRETEC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE coupled-physics fire model; spotting; WUI fires ID FIRE BEHAVIOR; FUEL BEDS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; IGNITION; WIND; GENERATION; ATMOSPHERE; RELEVANT AB Firebrand transport is studied for disc and cylindrical firebrands by modelling their trajectories with a coupled-physics fire model, HIGRAD/FIRETEC. Through HIGRAD/FIRETEC simulations, the size of possible firebrands and travelled distances are analysed to assess spot ignition hazard. Trajectories modelled with and without the assumption that the firebrands' relative velocities always equal their terminal velocities are. Various models for the flight and combustion of disc-and cylindrical-shaped firebrands are evaluated. Eight simulations are performed with surface fuel fires and four simulations are performed with combined surface and canopy fuels. Firebrand trajectories without terminal velocity are larger than those from models with terminal velocity. Discs travel further than cylinders, as discs are aerodynamically more favourable. Thin discs burning on their faces and tall cylinders burning around their circumference have shorter lifetimes than thin discs burning from their circumference or longer cylinders burning from their ends. Firebrands from canopy fires, with larger size and potential to ignite recipient fuel, travel further than firebrands from surface fires. In the simulations, which included a line fire ignition in homogeneous fuels on flat terrain, the firebrand launching patterns are very heterogeneous, and the trajectories and landing patterns are dominated by the coupled fire-atmosphere behaviour. C1 [Koo, Eunmo; Linn, Rodman R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Pagni, Patrick J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edminster, Carleton B.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Koo, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM koo_e@lanl.gov OI Koo, Eunmo/0000-0001-9943-9694 FU Rocky Mountain Research Station of the USDA Forest Service; Joint Fire Science Program [07-1-5-01] FX The Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program provided critical computing resources for this work. The Rocky Mountain Research Station of the USDA Forest Service and Joint Fire Science Program provided financial support for this work under project number 07-1-5-01. The authors are grateful to Judith Winterkemp for her generous help in writing this paper. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 396 EP 417 DI 10.1071/WF09146 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961YS UT WOS:000305506100008 ER PT J AU Estes, BL Knapp, EE Skinner, CN Uzoh, FCC AF Estes, Becky L. Knapp, Eric E. Skinner, Carl N. Uzoh, Fabian C. C. TI Seasonal variation in surface fuel moisture between unthinned and thinned mixed conifer forest, northern California, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire behaviour; fuel reduction treatments; large-diameter fuels; microclimate ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CROWN FIRE; OREGON; RESTORATION; SEVERITY; WILDFIRE; ARIZONA AB Reducing stand density is often used as a tool for mitigating the risk of high-intensity crown fires. However, concern has been expressed that opening stands might lead to greater drying of surface fuels, contributing to increased fire risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether woody fuel moisture differed between unthinned and thinned mixed-conifer stands. Sections of logs representing the 1000- and 10 000-h fuel sizes were placed at 72 stations within treatment units in the fall (autumn) of 2007. Following snow-melt in 2008, 10-h fuel sticks were added and all fuels were weighed every 1-2 weeks from May until October. Moisture of the 1000- and 10 000-h fuels peaked at the end of May, and then decreased steadily through the season. Moisture of the 10- and 1000-h fuels did not differ between unthinned and thinned stands at any measurement time. The 10 000-h fuel moisture was significantly less in thinned than unthinned stands only in early to mid-May. Overall, even when fuel moisture varied between treatments, differences were small. The long nearly precipitation-free summers in northern California appear to have a much larger effect on fuel moisture than the amount of canopy cover. Fuel moisture differences resulting from stand thinning would therefore not be expected to substantially influence fire behaviour and effects during times of highest fire danger in this environment. C1 [Estes, Becky L.; Knapp, Eric E.; Skinner, Carl N.; Uzoh, Fabian C. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Estes, BL (reprint author), Eldorado Natl Forest, 100 Forni Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM bestes@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 19 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1071/WF11056 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961YS UT WOS:000305506100010 ER PT J AU Diffendorfer, J Fleming, GM Tremor, S Spencer, W Beyers, JL AF Diffendorfer, Jay Fleming, Genie M. Tremor, Scott Spencer, Wayne Beyers, Jan L. TI The role of fire severity, distance from fire perimeter and vegetation on post-fire recovery of small-mammal communities in chaparral SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE coastal sage scrub; fire management; shrubland ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; RODENT COMMUNITY; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; SHRUBLANDS; SUCCESSION; HABITAT AB Chaparral shrublands in southern California, US, exhibit significant biodiversity but are prone to large, intense wildfires. Debate exists regarding fuel reduction to prevent such fires in wildland areas, but the effects of these fires on fauna are not well understood. We studied whether fire severity and distance from unburned fire perimeter influenced recovery of the small-mammal community from 13 to 39 months after the large (1134.2 km(2)) Cedar fire in San Diego County. In general, neither factor influenced small-mammal recovery. However, vegetation characteristics, distance to riparian habitat and the prevalence of rocky substrate affected recovery in species-specific patterns. This indicates the effects of fire severity and immigration from outside the fire perimeter, if they occur, do so within 1 year, whereas longer-term recovery is largely driven by previously known relationships between small mammals and habitat structure. Our results, when combined with results from other studies in southern California, suggest where human lives or infrastructure are not at risk, efforts to preserve chaparral biodiversity should focus on maintaining the native plant community. Doing so may require novel management strategies in the face of an increasing human population, ignition sources and the spread of invasive exotic plants. C1 [Diffendorfer, Jay] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fleming, Genie M.; Tremor, Scott] San Diego Nat Hist Museum, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Spencer, Wayne] Conservat Biol Inst, San Diego, CA 92116 USA. [Beyers, Jan L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Diffendorfer, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, POB 25046,MS 507, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jediffendorfer@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU Joint Fire Science Program [042194] FX This study was supported by a grant to the Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, San Diego Natural History Museum and Conservation Biology Institute from the Joint Fire Science Program (no. 042194) and additional support from a challenge cost-share agreement with the Cleveland National Forest. We thank Kirsten Winter for her support in arranging the latter. We greatly appreciate the field work performed by Jennifer Duggan, Megan Jennings, Justin Joe, Dana McLaughlin, Dana Morin, Mark Parlow, Paula Potenza, Paul Schuette, Angelo Soto-Centeno and Catherine Yang. We thank Jenny Briggs, Milan Mitrovich and anonymous Forest Service reviewers for their fine and constructive comments. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 82 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 436 EP 448 DI 10.1071/WF10060 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961YS UT WOS:000305506100011 ER PT J AU Jaradat, AA AF Jaradat, Abdullah A. TI REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION AND NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN CUPHEA: A SEMI-DOMESTICATED OILSEED CROP SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE allometry; Cuphea; C:N:P ratios; ontogeny; reproductive mass; stoichiometry ID N-P STOICHIOMETRY; PLANT-GROWTH; ALLOMETRY; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; LEAF; HYPOTHESIS; PLASTICITY; NUTRITION; DENSITY AB Interrelationships between ontogeny, allometric mass, and carbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) ratios were quantified in Cuphea, a semi-domesticated indeterminate and phenotypically plastic potential oilseed crop. Relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were estimated as functions of growth stages, phenotypic traits and C:N:P ratios. Ontogenically, N:P ratios in reproductive and metabolic tissues were least variable and were mainly affected by allometric leaf mass and relative growth rate. Reproductive mass is best predicted by allometric stem mass and C:N ratio in structural and metabolic tissues; whereas, net assimilation rate is best predicted by allometric total branch length and relative growth rate. The conservative N:P ratios found in reproductive and metabolic tissues are important in determining reproductive allocation in Cuphea. Large antagonistic effects of C:N on N:P ratios found in different plant tissues suggest that maximum reproductive allocation can be attained by manipulating N:P ratio during ontogeny. A greater investment of resources in reproduction may be possible for this semi-domesticated crop if nutrient and mass allocation to supporting stems and roots can be altered for the benefit of reproductive biomass. C1 ARS, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM abdullah.jaradat@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1579 EP 1599 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.690922 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965IE UT WOS:000305760100012 ER PT S AU Chuang, YK Chen, SM Delwiche, SR Lo, YM Tsai, CY Yang, IC Hu, YP AF Chuang, Yung-Kun Chen, Suming Delwiche, Stephen R. Lo, Y. Martin Tsai, Chao-Yin Yang, I-Chang Hu, Yi-Ping BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Integration of Independent Component Analysis with Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Rice Freshness SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Rice; freshness; near infrared (NIR); independent component analysis (ICA) ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; REGRESSION; CONSTITUENTS AB Determination of freshness is an important issue for rice quality. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a rapid non-destructive inspection method based on specific absorptions within a given range of wavelengths corresponding to the constituents in the sample, has been widely applied for evaluation of internal quality of agricultural products. Since NIR spectra of a mixture may be approximated as the linear addition of individual spectra of the constituents in the mixture, such a mixture spectrum thus can be regarded as 'blind sources' as the proportion of constituents in the samples remains unknown. A multiuse statistical approach, independent component analysis (ICA), is capable of disassembling the mixture signals of Gaussian distribution into non-Gaussian independent constituents, and (with assumption of independent constituent spectral response) can give a complete explanation about the property of constituents in the mixture. By example, a total of 180 white rice samples were collected from 6 crop seasons (from 2006 to 2010) for the purpose of developing an ICA NIR based procedure for rice freshness., Values of pH were determined by a conventional (bromothymol blue methyl red) method. The calibration model of white rice yielded R-c = 0.939, SEC = 0.202, r(p) = 0.803 and SEP = 0.233 using original full wavelength range (400 to 2498 nm) spectra and 5 independent components (ICs). Freshness of the white rice can be distinguished either visually by 3-dimensional diagram composed from ICs 2, 3 and 4, or statistically by a calibration model. The results show that ICA with NIR can quickly identify and effectively quantify the pH value in white rice with high predictability, and has the potential to be a useful tool for evaluating rice freshness. C1 [Chuang, Yung-Kun; Chen, Suming; Hu, Yi-Ping] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chuang, Yung-Kun; Lo, Y. Martin; Yang, I-Chang] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chuang, Yung-Kun; Delwiche, Stephen R.; Yang, I-Chang] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Suming; Tsai, Chao-Yin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Bioenergy Res Ctr, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Chuang, YK (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 83690X DI 10.1117/12.921309 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600026 ER PT S AU Lim, J Mo, C Noh, SH Kang, S Lee, K Kim, MS AF Lim, Jongguk Mo, Changyeun Noh, Sang Ha Kang, Sukwon Lee, Kangjin Kim, Moon S. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Capsaicinoids Content Prediction Model Development for Korean Red-pepper Powder Using a Visible and Near-infrared Spectroscopy SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Red-pepper powder; pungency; visible and near-infrared AB A nondestructive, real-time pungency measuring system with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy has been recently developed to measure capsaicinoids content in Korean red-pepper powder. One hundred twenty-five red-pepper powder samples produced from 11 regions in Republic of Korea were used for this investigation. The visible and near-infrared absorption spectra in the range from 450 to 950 nm were acquired and used for the development of prediction models of capsaicinoids contents in red-pepper powders without any chemical pretreatment to the samples. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models were developed to predict the regional capsaicinoids contents using the acquired absorption spectra. The chemical analysis of the total capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) was performed by a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The determination coefficient of validation (R-V(2)) and the standard error of prediction (SEP) for the capsaicinoids content prediction model, for a representative region in this study, were 0.9585 and +/- 10.147 mg/100g, respectively. C1 [Lim, Jongguk; Mo, Changyeun; Kang, Sukwon; Lee, Kangjin] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, 88-2 Seodun Dong, Suwon 441100, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Noh, Sang Ha] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst & Biomat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Kim, Moon S.] USDA, ARS, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lim, J (reprint author), Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, 88-2 Seodun Dong, Suwon 441100, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 83690Z DI 10.1117/12.923656 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600028 ER PT S AU Park, B Windham, WR Ladely, SR Gurram, P Kwon, H Yoon, SC Lawrence, KC Narrang, N Cray, WC AF Park, Bosoon Windham, William R. Ladely, Scott R. Gurram, Prudhvi Kwon, Heesung Yoon, Seung-Chul Lawrence, Kurt C. Narrang, Neelam Cray, William C. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Classification of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Serotypes with Hyperspectral Microscope Imagery SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Escherichia coli; Hyperspectral; Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter; Dark field illumination; Microscopy; Foodborne Pathogen; Bacteria; STEC ID OUTBREAKS; SYSTEM AB Non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains such as O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 are recognized as serious outbreak to cause human illness due to their toxicity. A conventional microbiological method for cell counting is laborious and needs long time for the results. Since optical detection method is promising for real-time, in-situ foodborne pathogen detection, acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTF)-based hyperspectral microscopic imaging (HMI) method has been developed for identifying pathogenic bacteria because of its capability to differentiate both spatial and spectral characteristics of each bacterial cell from microcolony samples. Using the AOTF-based HMI method, 89 contiguous spectral images could be acquired within approximately 30 seconds with 250 ms exposure time. From this study, we have successfully developed the protocol for live-cell immobilization on glass slides to acquire quality spectral images from STEC bacterial cells using the modified dry method. Among the contiguous spectral imagery between 450 and 800 nm, the intensity of spectral images at 458, 498, 522, 546, 570, 586, 670 and 690 nm were distinctive for STEC bacteria. With two different classification algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Sparse Kernel-based Ensemble Learning (SKEL), a STEC serotype O45 could be classified with 92% detection accuracy. C1 [Park, Bosoon; Windham, William R.; Yoon, Seung-Chul; Lawrence, Kurt C.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 83690L DI 10.1117/12.919695 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600018 ER PT S AU Qin, JW Chao, KL Kim, MS AF Qin, Jianwei Chao, Kuanglin Kim, Moon S. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Detecting Multiple Adulterants in Dry Milk using Raman Chemical Imaging SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Raman imaging; Quality and safety; Milk; Adulterant; Mixture analysis ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; POWDERED MILK; QUANTIFICATION; MELAMINE AB This study investigated the potential of Raman chemical imaging for simultaneously detecting multiple adulterants in milk powder. Potential chemical adulterants, including ammonium sulfate, dicyandiamide, melamine, and urea, were together mixed into nonfat dry milk in the concentration range of 0.1%-5.0% for each adulterant. A benchtop point-scan Raman imaging system using a 785-nm laser was assembled to acquire hyperspectral images in the wavenumber range of 102-2538 cm(-1). Each mixture was imaged in an area of 25x25 mm(2) with a spatial resolution of 0.25 mm. Self-modeling mixture analysis (SMA) was used to extract pure component spectra, by which the four types of the adulterants were identified at all concentration levels based on their spectral information divergence values to the reference spectra. Raman chemical images were created using the contribution images from SMA, and their use to effectively visualize identification and spatial distribution of the multiple adulterant particles in the dry milk was demonstrated. C1 [Qin, Jianwei; Chao, Kuanglin; Kim, Moon S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Qin, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC E, Bldg 303,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jianwei.qin@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 83690H DI 10.1117/12.918584 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600014 ER PT S AU Rao, XQ Yang, CC Ying, YB Kim, MS Chao, KL AF Rao, Xiuqin Yang, Chun-Chieh Ying, Yibin Kim, Moon S. Chao, Kuanglin BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Classification of Korla Fragrant Pears Using NIR Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE fruit quality; hyperspectral image; Classification; korla fragrant pears AB Korla fragrant pears are small oval pears characterized by light green skin, crisp texture, and a pleasant perfume for which they are named. Anatomically, the calyx of a fragrant pear may be either persistent or deciduous; the deciduous-calyx fruits are considered more desirable due to taste and texture attributes. Chinese packaging standards require that packed cases of fragrant pears contain 5% or less of the persistent-calyx type. Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging was investigated as a potential means for automated sorting of pears according to calyx type. Hyperspectral images spanning the 992-1681 nm region were acquired using an EMCCD-based laboratory line-scan imaging system. Analysis of the hyperspectral images was performed to select wavebands useful for identifying persistent-calyx fruits and for identifying deciduous-calyx fruits. Based on the selected wavebands, an image-processing algorithm was developed that targets automated classification of Korla fragrant pears into the two categories for packaging purposes. C1 [Rao, Xiuqin; Ying, Yibin] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Biosyst & Food Sci, 866 Yuhangtan Rd, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Yang, Chun-Chieh; Kim, Moon S.; Chao, Kuanglin] USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rao, XQ (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Sch Biosyst & Food Sci, 866 Yuhangtan Rd, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov RI Ying, Yibin/H-6839-2013 FU The National Key Technology RD Program [2011BAD20B12] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by The National Key Technology R&D Program (2011BAD20B12). NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 83690Y DI 10.1117/12.922686 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600027 ER PT S AU Sundaram, J Park, B Hinton, A Yoon, SC Lawrence, KC AF Sundaram, Jaya Park, Bosoon Hinton, Arthur Yoon, Seung Chul Lawrence, Kurt C. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Identification and characterization of Salmonella serotypes using DNA spectral characteristics by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE DNA macromolecules; FT-IR spectroscopy; Salmonella; Attenuated Total Reflection; Principal Component Analysis; Loading values ID ENTERICA SEROVARS; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIATION; FOOD; CHEMOMETRICS; LIVE AB Analysis of DNA samples of Salmonella serotypes were performed using FT-IR spectrometer by placing directly in contact with a diamond attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal. Spectra were recorded from 4000 cm(-1) to 525 cm(-1) wavenumber with the resolution of 4 cm(-1) and data spacing of 1.928 cm(-1). Collected spectra were subtracted from the background spectra of empty diamond crystal surface. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted at four different spectral regions to differentiate the different serotypes of Salmonella on the basis of difference in their spectral features of DNA structure macromolecules. PCA was used to show the natural clusters in the data set and to describe the difference between the sample clusters. At the region 1800 - 1200 cm(-1), PC1 distinguished 93 % and PC2 distinguished 7 % of the serotypes. Therefore, maximum classification of 100 % in total was obtained at this region. For all the Salmonella serotypes, the frequency between 1000-1150 cm(-1) and 1170 - 1280 cm(-1) had higher loading values which showed their significant contribution in the serotype classification. C1 [Sundaram, Jaya; Park, Bosoon; Hinton, Arthur; Yoon, Seung Chul; Lawrence, Kurt C.] ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sundaram, J (reprint author), ARS, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 83690O DI 10.1117/12.918585 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600020 ER PT S AU Tang, XY Li, CL Peng, YK Chao, KL Wang, MW AF Tang, Xiuying Li, Cuiling Peng, Yankun Chao, Kuanglin Wang, Mingwu BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Nondestructive prediction of pork freshness parameters using multispectral scattering images SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE pork freshness; non-destructive inspection; Lorentzian distribution function; discriminant analysis method ID APPLE FRUIT FIRMNESS AB Optical technology is an important and immerging technology for non-destructive and rapid detection of pork freshness. This paper studied on the possibility of using multispectral imaging technique and scattering characteristics to predict the freshness parameters of pork meat. The pork freshness parameters selected for prediction included total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), color parameters (L *, a *, b *), and pH value. Multispectral scattering images were obtained from pork sample surface by a multispectral imaging system developed by ourselves; they were acquired at the selected narrow wavebands whose center wavelengths were 517,550, 560, 580, 600, 760, 810 and 910nm. In order to extract scattering characteristics from multispectral images at multiple wavelengths, a Lorentzian distribution (LD) function with four parameters (a: scattering asymptotic value; b: scattering peak; c: scattering width; d: scattering slope) was used to fit the scattering curves at the selected wavelengths. The results show that the multispectral imaging technique combined with scattering characteristics is promising for predicting the freshness parameters of pork meat. C1 [Tang, Xiuying; Li, Cuiling; Peng, Yankun; Wang, Mingwu] China Agr Univ, 17 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Chao, Kuanglin] USDA, ARS, EMFSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tang, XY (reprint author), China Agr Univ, 17 Qinghua E Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM ypeng@cau.edu.cn FU Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest Program [201003008]; National Science and Technology [2012BAH04B00] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest Program (Project No. 201003008), and the National Science and Technology Support Program (Project No. 2012BAH04B00) for supporting this research. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 836912 DI 10.1117/12.923811 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600029 ER PT S AU Yang, CC Kim, MS Millner, P Chao, KL Chan, DE AF Yang, Chun-Chieh Kim, Moon S. Millner, Pat Chao, Kuanglin Chan, Diane E. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI The Development of the Line-Scan Image Recognition Algorithm for the Detection of Frass on Mature Tomatoes SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral image; multispectral image; food safety; fresh produce; line scan; machine vision ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; QUALITY; SYSTEM; SAFETY AB In this research, a multispectral algorithm derived from hyperspectral line-scan fluorescence imaging under violet LED excitation was developed for the detection of frass contamination on mature tomatoes. The algorithm utilized the fluorescence intensities at two wavebands, 664 nm and 690 nm, for computation of the simple ratio function for effective detection of frass contamination. The contamination spots were created on the tomato surfaces using four concentrations of aqueous frass dilutions. The algorithms could detect more than 99% of the 0.2 g/ml and 0.1 g/ml frass contamination spots and successfully differentiated these spots from clean tomato surfaces. The results demonstrated that the simple multispectral fluorescence imaging algorithms based on violet LED excitation can be appropriate to detect frass on tomatoes in high-speed post-harvest processing lines. C1 [Yang, Chun-Chieh; Kim, Moon S.; Millner, Pat; Chao, Kuanglin; Chan, Diane E.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC E, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 836908 DI 10.1117/12.918427 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600005 ER PT S AU Yoon, SC Windham, WR Ladely, S Heitschmidt, GW Lawrence, KC Park, B Narang, N Cray, WC AF Yoon, Seung Chul Windham, William R. Ladely, Scott Heitschmidt, Gerald. W. Lawrence, Kurt C. Park, Bosoon Narang, Neelam Cray, William C. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Hyperspectral imaging for detection of non-O157 Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups on spread plates of mixed cultures SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pathogen detection; Hyperspectral imaging; Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli; STEC; non-O157 serogroups; Foodborne pathogen; Spread plates; Mixed cultures AB We investigated the feasibility of visible and near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging for rapid presumptive-positive screening of six representative non-O157 Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) on spread plates of mixed cultures. Although the traditional culture method is still the "gold standard" for presumptive-positive pathogen screening, it is time-consuming, labor-intensive, not effective in testing large amount of food samples, and cannot completely prevent unwanted background microflora from growing together with target microorganisms on agar media. A previous study was performed using the data obtained from pure cultures individually inoculated on spot and/or spread plates in order to develop multivariate classification models differentiating each colony of the six non-O157 STEC serogroups and to optimize the models in terms of parameters. This study dealt with the validation of the trained and optimized models with a test set of new independent samples obtained from colonies on spread plates of mixed cultures. A new validation protocol appropriate to a hyperspectral imaging study for mixed cultures was developed. One imaging experiment with colonies obtained from two serial dilutions was performed. A total of six agar plates were prepared, where O45, O111 and O121 serogroups were inoculated into all six plates and each of O45, O103 and O145 serogroups was added into the mixture of the three common bacterial cultures. The number of colonies grown after 24-h incubation was 331 and the number of pixels associated with the grown colonies was 16,379. The best model found from this validation study was based on pre-processing with standard normal variate and detrending (SNVD), first derivative, spectral smoothing, and k-nearest neighbor classification (kNN, k=3) of scores in the principal component subspace spanned by 6 principal components. The independent testing results showed 95% overall detection accuracy at pixel level and 97% at colony level. The developed model was proven to be still valid even for the independent samples although the size of a test set was small and only one experiment was performed. This study was an important first step in validating and updating multivariate classification models for rapid screening of ground beef samples contaminated by non-O157 STEC pathogens using hyperspectral imaging. C1 [Yoon, Seung Chul; Windham, William R.; Heitschmidt, Gerald. W.; Lawrence, Kurt C.; Park, Bosoon] USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM seungchul.yoon@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 836909 DI 10.1117/12.919631 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600006 ER PT J AU Bier, DM AF Bier, Dennis M. TI Safety Standards in Infant Nutrition: A United States Perspective SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Food safety; Children; GRAS; Federal food; Drug and Cosmetic Act; Food Safety Modernization Act AB In the United States, the general standard for food safety is reasonable certainty of causing no harm under the intended conditions of use. In contrast to food safety policy in some other countries, the United States treats foods for infants and children no differently than foods for adults, other than requiring additional standards for infant formulas. In the United States, food safety falls under the regulatory control of more than a dozen government agencies. The principal responsibility is shared by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), but significant additional oversight authority is granted to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and others. Furthermore, while a large number of legislative statutes provide the basis for regulatory oversight, the principal laws that govern food safety are the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Federal Meat, Poultry Products and Egg Products Inspection Acts, and the Food Safety Modernization Act. The latter statute, enacted in 2011, has provided for a broad range of new industry responsibilities for the safe manufacture of food products and has significantly expanded federal enforcement authority for violations. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Bier, Dennis M.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bier, DM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dbier@bcm.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 3 BP 192 EP 195 DI 10.1159/000338219 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 957US UT WOS:000305190900004 PM 22699766 ER PT J AU Spackman, E AF Spackman, Erica TI Viral diagnostics: will new technology save the day? SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; FTA(R) FILTER-PAPER; REAL-TIME PCR; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; RAPID DETECTION AB Technology for infectious agent detection continues to evolve, particularly molecular methods that first emerged in the mid-1970s. The goals of new technology in diagnostics, whether in humans or in animals, including poultry, are to achieve the highest sensitivity and specificity possible to accurately identify the infection status of an individual or flock in the shortest time possible. Ease of use, low cost and increased information from a single test (e.g. multiplexing) are also critical areas frequently targeted for improvement. New tests and modifications of current tests are reported often, and diagnostic tests are now commonly developed by commercial companies. As one would expect, most advances in diagnostic technology are applied first to human health, and then may be adapted to animal health if practical. In the present review the trends and novel innovative technologies in primarily viral diagnostics are reviewed and the practicality of these methods and application for poultry health are discussed briefly. Also, influenza will seem to be over-represented in viral diagnostics since it is frequently used as a proof-of-concept target for novel technology due to its importance for animal and public health. Finally, the review is intended to be a brief survey of some of the innovative diagnostic technologies reported in recent years. It is not entirely comprehensive of all technology and the author makes no claims or endorsements of any of the technology or products mentioned. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Erica.spackman@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1080/03079457.2012.675051 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 961MS UT WOS:000305469100003 PM 22702452 ER PT J AU Mays, JK Silva, RF Kim, T Fadly, A AF Mays, Jody K. Silva, Robert F. Kim, Taejoong Fadly, Aly TI Insertion of reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat into a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of a very virulent Marek's disease virus alters its pathogenicity SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; IN-VIVO; RETROVIRUS INSERTION; FIELD STRAIN; HERPESVIRUS; LTR; INTEGRATION; REPLICATION; INFECTION AB Co-cultivation of the JM/102W strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) resulted in the generation of a recombinant MDV containing the REV long terminal repeat (LTR) named the RM1 strain of MDV, a strain that was highly attenuated for oncogenicity but induced severe bursal and thymic atrophy. We hypothesize that the phenotypic changes were solely due to the LTR insertion. Furthermore, we hypothesize that insertion of REV LTR into an analogous location in a different MDV would result in a similar phenotypic change. To test these hypotheses, we inserted the REV LTR into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of a very virulent strain of MDV, Md5, and designated the virus rMd5-RM1-LTR. The rMd5-RM1-LTR virus and the rMd5 virus were passaged in duck embryo fibroblast cells for up to 40 passages before pathogenicity studies. Susceptible chickens were inoculated intra-abdominally at hatch with the viruses rMd5-RM1-LTR, rMd5 BAC parental virus, wild-type strain Md5, or strain RM1 of MDV. The rMd5-RM1-LTR virus was attenuated at cell culture passage 40, whereas the rMd5 BAC without RM1 LTR retained its pathogenicity at cell culture passage 40. Using polymerase chain analysis, the RM1 LTR insert was detected in MDV isolated from buffy coat cells collected from chickens inoculated with rMd5-RM1-LTR, but only at 1 week post inoculation. The data suggest that the presence of the RM1 LTR insert within MDV genome for 1 week post inoculation with virus at hatch is sufficient to cause a reduction in pathogenicity of strain Md5 of MDV. C1 [Mays, Jody K.; Silva, Robert F.; Kim, Taejoong; Fadly, Aly] ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Kim, Taejoong] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Fadly, A (reprint author), ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, 4279 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM aly.fadly@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1080/03079457.2012.675428 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 961MS UT WOS:000305469100004 PM 22702453 ER PT J AU Dunn, JR Silva, RF Lee, LF Witter, RL AF Dunn, John R. Silva, Robert F. Lee, Lucy F. Witter, Richard L. TI Competition between two virulent Marek's disease virus strains in vivo SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMED-CELLS; INFECTED CHICKENS; HERPESVIRUS; PP38; MUTANT; GENE; CVI988/RISPENS; PATHOGENICITY; ASSOCIATION; PATHOTYPE AB Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of multiple strains of Marek's disease virus simultaneously circulating within poultry flocks, leading to the assumption that individual birds are repeatedly exposed to a variety of virus strains in their lifetime. Virus competition within individual birds may be an important factor that influences the outcome of coinfection under field conditions, including the potential outcome of emergence or evolution of more virulent strains. A series of experiments was designed to evaluate virus competition within chickens following simultaneous challenge with two virulent serotype 1 Marek's disease virus strains, using either pathogenically similar (rMd5 and rMd5/pp38CVI) or dissimilar (JM/102W and rMd5/pp38CVI) virus pairs. Bursa of Fabricius, feather follicle epithelium, spleen, and tumour samples were collected at multiple time points to determine the frequency and distribution of each virus present using pyrosequencing, immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. In the similar pair, rMd5 appeared to have a competitive advantage over rMd5/pp38CVI, which in turn had a competitive advantage over the less virulent JM/102W in the dissimilar virus pair. Dominance of one strain over the other was not absolute for either virus pair, as the subordinate virus was rarely eliminated. Interestingly, competition between two viruses with either pair rarely ended in a draw. Further work is needed to identify factors that influence virus-specific dominance to better understand what characteristics favour emergence of one strain in chicken populations at the expense of other strains. C1 [Dunn, John R.; Silva, Robert F.; Lee, Lucy F.; Witter, Richard L.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dunn, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM john.dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 3 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1080/03079457.2012.677804 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 961MS UT WOS:000305469100005 PM 22702454 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA AF Jackson, Mark A. TI Dissolved oxygen levels affect dimorphic growth by the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blastospores; yeast-like growth; aeration hyphal growth; aeration bioinsecticide; liquid fermentation; dimorphism ID LIQUID CULTURE PRODUCTION; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CERATOCYSTIS-ULMI; BLASTOSPORES; TOLERANCE; VIRULENCE; NUTRITION AB The entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea is capable of dimorphic growth (hyphal or yeast-like) in submerged culture. Using 250-mL baffled flasks, culture volumes of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mL were grown in a shaker incubator at 350 rpm and 28 degrees C. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was continuously monitored using a non-invasive oxygen monitoring system. Culture volumes of 50 mL maintained DO concentrations above 10% throughout the 3-day growth period and accumulated biomass and produced blastospores more rapidly (1.2 x 10(9) blastospores mL(-1) in 2 days) than the other culture volumes tested. Dissolved oxygen was depleted in culture volumes of 100, 150, and 200 mL after 20.5, 16.8, and 13.5 h, respectively. The DO in 150 and 200 mL cultures remained exhausted (<3%) throughout the growth period resulting in significantly lower blastospore yields and increased hyphal growth. These results were used to establish oxygen levels (>20% DO) for I. fumosorosea growth in 100-L bioreactors resulting in blastospore production (1.1 x 10(9) blastospores mL(-1) in 2 days) comparable to highly aerated, low volume shake flask cultures. In addition, maintaining higher DO levels resulted in increased blastospore production by cultures of I. fumosorosea grown on low-cost nitrogen sources (cottonseed meal and soy flour) that previously elicited excessive hyphal growth. These studies showed that oxygen availability is essential for significant yeast-like growth by I. fumosorosea cultures and that continuous monitoring of oxygen concentrations in shake flask cultures can be used to establish aeration conditions for bioreactors. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mark.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1080/09583157.2011.642339 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960OE UT WOS:000305397000006 ER PT J AU Manrique, V Diaz, R Pogue, MG Vitorino, MD Overholt, WA AF Manrique, Veronica Diaz, Rodrigo Pogue, Michael G. Vitorino, Marcelo D. Overholt, William A. TI Description and biology of Paectes longiformis (Lepidoptera: Euteliidae), a new species from Brazil and potential biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree in Florida SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Paectes; Schinus terebinthifolius; temperature-dependent development; cold tolerance ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; EUPHORBIA-ESULA GENOTYPE; SCHINUS-TEREBINTHIFOLIUS; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; BIOCONTROL AGENT; COLD-HARDINESS; ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS; LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; NATURAL ENEMIES; INVASIVE WEED AB Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), native to South America, has invaded different habitats throughout south and central Florida. In recent surveys of natural enemies conducted in Salvador, Brazil (native range), a new species in the genus Paectes (Lepidoptera: Euteliidae) was found feeding on foliage of Brazilian peppertree. The objectives of this study were to describe the adult, larva and pupa and to examine the life history parameters of the new species, Paectes longiformis Pogue, a potential biocontrol agent of Brazilian peppertree. Survival and development of immature stages were examined at six constant temperatures (ranging from 16 to 34 degrees C). All stages of P. longiformis were exposed to 0 degrees C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 d, and lethal times were calculated (Ltime(50), Ltime(90)). Paectes longiformis laid eggs singly on the plant foliage and completed five instars including a non-feeding pre-pupal stage that moved to the soil where it spun a cocoon. Complete development occurred at temperatures from 19 to 31 degrees C, the lower developmental threshold was estimated to be 11.5 degrees C and 454 degree-days were required to complete development from egg to adult. The lethal times at 0 degrees C (Ltime(50) = 1 d, Ltime(90) = 5 d) were used to construct isothermal lines to predict areas of establishment in the continental US. The predicted distribution includes the southeastern states including Florida, in addition to southern Texas and Arizona, and California. Overall, this study provides a species description, along with baseline information about the biology and temperature requirements of P. longiformis, a potential biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree. C1 [Manrique, Veronica; Diaz, Rodrigo; Overholt, William A.] Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Pogue, Michael G.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Vitorino, Marcelo D.] Univ Blumenau, Forestry Master Program PPGEF, Blumenau, Brazil. RP Manrique, V (reprint author), Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM vero72@ufl.edu RI Vitorino, Marcelo/C-1952-2013 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services FX The authors are grateful to Octavio Menocal, Katie Jordan and Todd Condon (University of Florida) for their help during data collection and Ben Anuforom (University of Florida) for helping with plant maintenance. Special thanks to Dean Williams (Texas Christian University) for conducting the genetic analysis of the Brazilian peppertree plants. Taina Litwak (USDA, ARS, SEL, Washington, DC) provided the illustrations and adult images and assembled the plates. We thank the following for reviewing the manuscript: Peter J. Landolt (USDA, ARS, Yakima, WA), Thomas J. Henry and Michael W. Gates (USDA, ARS, SEL, Washington, DC). In addition, we thank the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA) for providing the export permits. Finally, we thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services for providing financial support for these studies. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 163 EP 185 DI 10.1080/09583157.2011.647761 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960OJ UT WOS:000305397500004 ER PT J AU Jin, XX Streett, D Huang, YB Ugine, T AF Jin, Xixuan Streett, Douglas Huang, Yanbo Ugine, Todd TI Development of a novel bioassay system to assess the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi against imported fire ants SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spray tower; fire ant; Metarhizium brunneum; M. anisopliae; biopesticide formulation ID COMPATIBLE NONIONIC SURFACTANT; BALANCE HLB NUMBER; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; AERIAL CONIDIA; VIRULENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DIPTERA AB A novel spray tower was developed for bioassay of biopesticide formulations. The virulence of Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium anisopliae ATCC 62176 was evaluated against imported fire ants. Both isolates were virulent but M. brunneum was more effective against imported fire ants. Results proved this apparatus was reliable, sensitive and accurate. C1 [Jin, Xixuan] ARS, USDA, MSA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit,Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS USA. [Streett, Douglas] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. [Huang, Yanbo] ARS, USDA, MSA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. [Ugine, Todd] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jin, XX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, MSA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit,Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS USA. EM xixuan.jin@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1080/09583157.2011.648166 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960OJ UT WOS:000305397500008 ER PT J AU Smith, L AF Smith, Lincoln TI Host plant oviposition preference of Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae), a potential biological control agent of yellow starthistle SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host-plant specificity; biological control; weed; invasive plant; risk assessment ID CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS ASTERACEAE; SPECIFICITY TEST; HISTORY; RANGE AB Ceratapion basicorne is a weevil native to Europe and western Asia that is being evaluated as a prospective classical biological control agent of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in the United States. Choice oviposition experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to help assess host-plant specificity of the insect. Mean oviposition rates were highest on C. solstitialis (66% of eggs, on a per replicate basis) followed by Centaurea cyanus (bachelor's button 22%), Centaurea melitensis (6%), Centaurea americana (1%), Saussurea americana (3%) and Carthamus tinctorius (safflower 2%). Adult feeding damage followed a similar pattern; however, there was less oviposition relative to the amount of adult feeding on each of the non-target species than on the target host plant, C. solstitialis. Thirteen safflower varieties were tested, and oviposition occurred on eight of them, at low rates. Adult feeding occurred on all safflower varieties tested, although at rates much lower than on yellow starthistle. The results were intermediate between those of previously reported no-choice laboratory and open field experiments. Overall, the combined results support the hypothesis that C. basicorne is not likely to attack any of the non-target plant species tested here except possibly C. cyanus and C. melitensis, which are both invasive alien plants. C1 USDA ARS, Exot Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. EM link.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 407 EP 418 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.662476 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960OV UT WOS:000305398700003 ER PT J AU Mc Kay, F Oleiro, M Vitorino, MD Wheeler, G AF Mc Kay, Fernando Oleiro, Marina Vitorino, Marcelo Diniz Wheeler, Gregory TI The leafmining Leurocephala schinusae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): not suitable for the biological control of Schinus terebinthifolius (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in continental USA SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brazilian pepper; biological weed control; host range; specificity ID BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE; CONTROL AGENT; HOST-RANGE; FLORIDA; RADDI; THYSANOPTERA; CANDIDATE; INSECTS; GROWTH; DNA AB The host range of Leurocephala schinusae Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was studied to assess its suitability as a biological control agent of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), a serious environmental weed in the USA and elsewhere in the world. The host range was determined in the laboratory with adult no-choice oviposition (Argentina and USA) and larval development tests (USA). Seventeen plant species in ten genera were selected based on taxonomic relatedness to S. terebinthifolius, economic importance, and availability. Additional information was obtained by sampling foliage of S. terebinthifolius and six other South American native Anacardiaceae species in north-eastern Argentina. In the laboratory, except for Lithrea molleoides and Spondias mombin, all of the tested species were accepted for oviposition with a marked preference for Rhus aromatica. Incipient mines successfully developed into complete mines, pupae and adults on R. aromatica, Rhus copallinum, Schinus molle, Schinus lentiscifolius and S. terebinthifolius. In the field, although L. schinusae showed a clear preference for S. terebinthifolius, the host range, as determined by samples of host use in the native range, included three other Schinus species (S. lentiscifolius, Schinus longifolius, Schinus weinmannifolius) and one Astronium species (Astronium balansae). In conclusion, L. schinusae will not be considered for the biological control of S. terebinthifolius in continental US. However, the utilisation of this species in other infested areas such as Hawaii and Australia should be further discussed. C1 [Mc Kay, Fernando; Oleiro, Marina] USDA, Agr Res Serv, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Vitorino, Marcelo Diniz] Univ Reg Blumenau FURB, IPA, Blumenau, SC, Brazil. [Wheeler, Gregory] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Mc Kay, F (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM fmckay@speedy.com.ar RI Vitorino, Marcelo/C-1952-2013 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Federation, South Florida Water Management District; USDA/ARS FX We wish to thank K. Dyer, USDA/ARS/IPRL; M. Rouse and J. Rendon, SCA/AmeriCorps for laboratory assistance; J. D. Munoz, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina assisted in plant identification, and insect specimens were identified by D. Davis, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC. This manuscript was improved by the helpful comments of B. Palmer, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Australia; C. Zachariades, ARC-PPRI, South Africa; and J. Briano, USDA/ARS/SABCL. Voucher specimens are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, and in the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires Argentina. Brazilian insect collections were conducted under the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente permit 09BR003939/DF issued to M. V. Insects were introduced under quarantine with a USDA/APHIS permit P526P-07-06609 issued to G. S. W. This project was partially funded by Florida Fish and Wildlife Federation, South Florida Water Management District, and USDA/ARS. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 477 EP 489 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.664618 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960OV UT WOS:000305398700008 ER PT J AU Gao, YL Reitz, SR Wang, J Xu, XN Lei, ZR AF Gao, Yulin Reitz, Stuart R. Wang, Jing Xu, Xuenong Lei, Zhongren TI Potential of a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) as a biological control agent against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Frankliniella occidentalis; broccoli; integrated biological pest control AB Five Beauveria bassiana strains were evaluated for control of western flower thrips. Strain RSB was the most virulent, causing 69-96% mortality at concentrations of 1 x 10(4)-1 x 10(7) conidia mL(-1), 10 days after inoculation of first instars. In greenhouse trials, RSB applied to broccoli foliage significantly reduced adult and larval populations. C1 [Gao, Yulin; Wang, Jing; Xu, Xuenong; Lei, Zhongren] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Reitz, Stuart R.] Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Lei, ZR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zrlei@ippcaas.cn FU National Special Fund for Commonweal Agricultural Research [200903032]; China Agriculture Research System [CARS-25-B-07] FX This research project was supported by the National Special Fund for the Commonweal Agricultural Research (200903032) and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25-B-07). We are grateful to Drs Marshall Johnson (UCR), Jeff Lord (USDA-ARS-CGAHR) and Patricia Tamez-Guerra (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon) for helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.662478 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960OV UT WOS:000305398700009 ER PT J AU Rendon, J Chawner, M Dyer, K Wheeler, GS AF Rendon, J. Chawner, M. Dyer, K. Wheeler, G. S. TI Life history and host range of the leaf blotcher Eucosmophora schinusivora: a candidate for biological control of Schinus terebinthifolius in the USA SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anacardiaceae; Brazilian peppertree; Gracillariidae; invasive species; weed biological control ID GUNNIELLA BUSCK LEPIDOPTERA; MIMOSA-PIGRA L; BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE; CONTROL AGENT; SAPINDALES ANACARDIACEAE; GRACILLARIIDAE; SPECIFICITY; THYSANOPTERA; SYSTEMATICS; MORPHOLOGY AB The host range of Eucosmophora schinusivora Davis and Wheeler (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was studied to assess its suitability as a biological control agent of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), a serious environmental and agricultural weed in the USA and elsewhere in the world. The life history of this insect species and its host range were determined in the laboratory with adult no-choice oviposition and larval development tests. This species has five instars, the first three are sap-feeding miners and the last two are tissue feeding. Total development time was 31.7 days. To examine specificity of this species, 10 plant species in Anacardiaceae were selected based on taxonomic relatedness to S. terebinthifolius, economic importance, and availability. In the laboratory, except for Anacardium occidentale and Cotinus obovatus, all of the tested species were accepted for oviposition with a marked preference for the weed S. terebinthifolius, Schinus molle, Rhus copallinum, Rhus sandwicensis and Pistacia chinensis. Complete development, from egg to adult, was achieved only on S. terebinthifolius, S. molle, R. copallinum, P. chinensis and Metopium toxiferum. In conclusion, E. schinusivora will not be considered for the biological control of S. terebinthifolius in the continental USA. However, the utilisation of this species in other infested areas such as Hawai'i and Australia should be considered. C1 [Rendon, J.; Chawner, M.; Dyer, K.; Wheeler, G. S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Rendon, J.; Chawner, M.] AmeriCorps, SCA, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. EM greg.wheeler@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Federation; South Florida Water Management District; USDA/ARS FX We wish to thank Dr D. R. Davis (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) for insect identifications, F. Mc Kay (USDA/ARS/SABCL, Buenos Aires, Argentina), M. D. Vitorino, (Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Brazil), J. Geiger, K. Paul and J. Fitzgerald, (USDA/ARS/IPRL) for logistical, field and laboratory assistance. Brazilian insect collections were conducted under the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente permit 09BR003939/DF. The insects were introduced under APHIS/PPQ permit P526-07-06609 issued to GSW. Voucher specimens are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC and the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. This project was partially funded by Florida Fish and Wildlife Federation, South Florida Water Management District and USDA/ARS. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 6 BP 711 EP 722 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.681627 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960PI UT WOS:000305400000007 ER PT J AU Gao, YL Reitz, SR Wang, J Tamez-Guerra, P Wang, ED Xu, XN Lei, ZR AF Gao, Yulin Reitz, Stuart R. Wang, Jing Tamez-Guerra, Patricia Wang, Endong Xu, Xuenong Lei, Zhongren TI Potential use of the fungus Beauveria bassiana against the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis without reducing the effectiveness of its natural predator Orius sauteri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Orius sauteri; Frankliniella occidentalis; integrated biological pest control ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; GREENHOUSE; PERGANDE; COMPATIBILITY; BRONGNIARTII; THYSANOPTERA; PHYTOSEIIDAE; METARHIZIUM; COLEOPTERA; EFFICACY AB Orius sauteri (Poppius; Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an important predator of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande; Thysanoptera: Thripidae). O. sauteri would be directly exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin in the field should the fungus be used as a biopesticide. If the fungus were to negatively affect O. sauteri in agro-ecosystems, predation of F. occidentalis by O. sauteri may be limited. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the insecticidal activity of strain B. bassiana-RSB of B. bassiana, which is highly virulent to F. occidentalis, on the predator under laboratory conditions. Results showed that, regardless of the concentration applied to first instars, Bb-RSB was not insecticidal against O. sauteri, nor did direct applications affect the developmental rate of the predator. Significant differences in developmental rates and adult longevity were observed between O. sauteri that fed on Bb-RSB-infected F. occidentalis cadavers and those that fed on untreated thrips. Developmental time (from first instar to adult) increased from 0.3 to 0.7 days and adult longevity decreased by 0.8 to 1.2 days for predators fed thrips treated with low and high concentrations of strain Bb-RSB, respectively, compared with predators fed on untreated thrips. However, these differences were only 3-13% of mean values for the controls, suggesting that the effects of Bb-RSB on O. sauteri are relatively minor. These findings highlight the potential use of O. sauteri in combination with B. bassiana for the biocontrol of F. occidentalis, but field tests must be performed to confirm their compatible use. C1 [Gao, Yulin; Wang, Jing; Wang, Endong; Xu, Xuenong; Lei, Zhongren] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Reitz, Stuart R.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Tamez-Guerra, Patricia] Univ Autonoma Nuevo, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Leon, Nuevo Leon, Spain. RP Lei, ZR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zrlei@ippcaas.cn FU Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest [200903032]; China Agriculture Research System [CARS-25-B-07] FX This research project was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (200903032) and The China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25-B-07). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 7 BP 803 EP 812 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.691158 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 960PO UT WOS:000305400600006 ER PT J AU Brandeis, TJ Randolph, KC AF Brandeis, Thomas J. Randolph, KaDonna C. TI Modeling Caribbean tree heights and crown widths SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allometric models; secondary forest; Puerto Rico; US Virgin Islands; linear and nonlinear regression ID DIAMETER EQUATIONS; AMAZON FOREST; GROWTH; STANDS AB Regression models to predict total tree height and maximum crown radius as a function of diameter at breast height were developed for Caribbean trees using data collected by the U.S. Forest Service in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and Territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands. Nonlinear models predicting height fit the data well with an overall pseudo-R-2 = 0.9220, as did models of height to diameter by Holdridge life zone and by the most frequently encountered species. The linear model predicting maximum crown radius for all trees combined fit the data poorly (R-2 = 0.3478). Crown model fits showed only moderate improvements when the data were modeled by species, crown class, and inventory measurement protocol, highlighting the variability of Caribbean forest tree crowns within and between species. Height models presented here will be useful for applications such as growth and yield simulation, forest health monitoring, and wildlife habitat modeling, but the crown radius prediction models only should be applied with an understanding of their limitations. C1 [Brandeis, Thomas J.; Randolph, KaDonna C.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Brandeis, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM tjbrandeis@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 176 EP 185 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 954VT UT WOS:000304976800006 ER PT J AU Medina, E Cuevas, E Molina, S Luco, AE Ramos, O AF Medina, Ernesto Cuevas, Elvira Molina, Sandra Luco, Ariel E. Ramos, Olga TI Structural variability and species diversity of a dwarf Caribbean dry forest SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coastal dry forests; community structure; species diversity; importance value; limestone substrate; multistemmed trees; plasticity; species dominance ID PUERTO-RICO AB Low stature woody vegetation of the south-west coast of Puerto Rico grows on a rocky calcareous substrate where plants can only root in holes, cracks, and crevices accumulating water and sediments that allow seed germination and seedling development. Being in a coastal location these communities are influenced by steady onshore winds, high solar radiation, and salt spray. We studied dwarfed forest communities located at the southern limit of the Guanica State Forest, Puerto Rico, that have a well known floristic composition, but with little information on their organization and heterogeneity. We quantified the species composition of vegetation plots located along the southern coastline and compared their structure and diversity with those of dry forests on neighboring hills. The hypothesis was that forest structural development was negatively associated with proximity to the coast line and altitude above sea level. Species richness of the coastal dwarf forest area was similar to that of inland semi deciduous forest plots with which it shares at least 15 woody species. In addition, it contains a number of species resistant to salt spray and possibly brackish water, such as Conocarpus erectus, Strumpfia maritima, and Coccoloba uvifera. The average canopy height of the coastal vegetation increases from 0.4 to 2.3 m between 0 to 150 m from the coastline and 7 to 19 m elevation above sea level. Within this spatial range the predominant bearing of the canopy changes from a SE-NW direction to a SW-NE direction revealing the influence of onshore winds in combination with salt spray. The dominant woody species occur as multistemmed individuals, a characteristic probably associated to occasional heavy winds and recurrent drought that impairs shoot apical dominance. Floristic and structure comparisons with mature forest plots located between 25 and 150 m altitude showed that the coastal dwarf vegetation has a more even species dominance distribution associated with the discontinuity of substrate available for establishment. C1 [Medina, Ernesto; Luco, Ariel E.; Ramos, Olga] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Medina, Ernesto] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Cuevas, Elvira] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Res Fellow Ctr Appl Ecol & Conservat, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Molina, Sandra] Pontificial Catholic Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Ponce, PR 00717 USA. RP Medina, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM medinage@gmail.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 203 EP 215 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 954VT UT WOS:000304976800009 ER PT J AU Feng, SP Wang, XJ Zhang, XY Dang, PM Holbrook, CC Culbreath, AK Wu, YT Guo, BZ AF Feng, Suping Wang, Xingjun Zhang, Xinyou Dang, Phat M. Holbrook, C. Corley Culbreath, Albert K. Wu, Yaoting Guo, Baozhu TI Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Expressed Sequence Tag Project: Progress and Application SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Review ID EST-SSR MARKERS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CULTIVATED PEANUT; BOTANICAL VARIETIES; DRAFT SEQUENCE; L.; GENOME; TRANSFERABILITY; ANNOTATION; RESISTANCE AB Many plant ESTs have been sequenced as an alternative to whole genome sequences, including peanut because of the genome size and complexity. The US peanut research community had the historic 2004 Atlanta Genomics Workshop and named the EST project as a main priority. As of August 2011, the peanut research community had deposited 252,832 ESTs in the public NCBI EST database, and this resource has been providing the community valuable tools and core foundations for various genome-scale experiments before the whole genome sequencing project. These EST resources have been used for marker development, gene cloning, microarray gene expression and genetic map construction. Certainly, the peanut EST sequence resources have been shown to have a wide range of applications and accomplished its essential role at the time of need. Then the EST project contributes to the second historic event, the Peanut Genome Project 2010 Inaugural Meeting also held in Atlanta where it was decided to sequence the entire peanut genome. After the completion of peanut whole genome sequencing, ESTs or transcriptome will continue to play an important role to fill in knowledge gaps, to identify particular genes and to explore gene function. C1 [Feng, Suping; Culbreath, Albert K.; Guo, Baozhu] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Feng, Suping; Wu, Yaoting] Qiongzhou Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Sanya, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xingjun] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, High Tech Res Ctr, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xinyou] Henan Acad Agr Sci, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. [Dang, Phat M.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. [Guo, Baozhu] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA USA. [Holbrook, C. Corley] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM baozhu.guo@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanut and Peanut Foundation FX The authors thank Billy Wilson for technical assistance in the field and the laboratory. This research was partially supported by funds provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanut and Peanut Foundation. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 80 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PY 2012 AR 373768 DI 10.1155/2012/373768 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 963KO UT WOS:000305619600001 ER PT J AU Hameed, U Pan, YB Muhammad, K Afghan, S Iqbal, J AF Hameed, U. Pan, Y. -B. Muhammad, K. Afghan, S. Iqbal, J. TI Use of simple sequence repeat markers for DNA fingerprinting and diversity analysis of sugarcane (Saccharum spp) cultivars resistant and susceptible to red rot SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane; Simple sequence repeat; Genetic identity; Polymerase chain reaction ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; GENOME STRUCTURE; SPP.; MAP; VARIETIES; GERMPLASM; LINKAGE; MAIZE AB Red rod is an economically important disease of sugarcane caused by the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum. We used a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based marker system to identify and analyze genetic relationships of red rot resistant and susceptible sugarcane cultivars grown in Pakistan. Twenty-one highly polymorphic SSR markers were used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of 20 sugarcane cultivars. These SSR markers were found to be highly robust; we identified 144 alleles, with 3-11 alleles per marker and a mean of 6.8. Three SSR markers were able to identify all 20 cultivars. DNAMAN (R)-generated homology tree was used to analyze genetic diversity among these cultivars; all cultivars shared 58% or more similarity. We correlated polymorphism information content and resolving power values with marker effectiveness in the process of sugarcane cultivar identification. We concluded that a small number of SSR-derived DNA markers will allow breeders to identify red rot resistant and susceptible cultivars. C1 [Hameed, U.; Muhammad, K.; Iqbal, J.] Univ Punjab, Sch Biol Sci, Lahore, Pakistan. [Pan, Y. -B.] USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Houma, LA USA. [Afghan, S.] Shakarganj Sugar Res Inst, Jhang, Pakistan. RP Iqbal, J (reprint author), Univ Punjab, Sch Biol Sci, Lahore, Pakistan. EM yongbao.pan@ars.usda.gov; javediqbal1942@yahoo.com RI Sangue, Inct/I-1919-2013; Iqbal, Javed/H-9604-2015 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU FUNPEC-EDITORA PI RIBEIRAO PRETO PA RUA HUDSON 655, JARDIM CANADA, RIBEIRAO PRETO, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-5680 J9 GENET MOL RES JI Genet. Mol. Res. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 BP 1195 EP 1204 DI 10.4238/2012.May.8.1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 962DL UT WOS:000305519600041 PM 22614346 ER PT J AU Lin, H Islam, MS Ramming, DW AF Lin, H. Islam, M. S. Ramming, D. W. TI Genome-wide identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat loci in grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Grape phylloxera; Simple sequence repeat marker; Genetic diversity; Population genetics ID DNA AB A genome-wide sequence search was conducted to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, a major grape pest throughout the world. Collectively, 1524 SSR loci containing mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide motifs were identified. Among them, trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant in the phylloxera genome (34.4%), followed by hexanucleotide (20.4%) and dinucleotide (19.6%) repeats. Mono-, tetra-and pentanucleotide repeats were found at a frequency of 1.3, 11.2 and 12.9%, respectively. The abundance and inherent variations in SSRs provide valuable information for developing molecular markers. The high levels of allelic variation and codominant features of SSRs make this marker system a useful tool for genotyping, diversity assessment and population genetic studies of reproductive characteristics of phylloxera in agricultural and natural populations. C1 [Lin, H.; Islam, M. S.; Ramming, D. W.] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA USA. [Islam, M. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA USA. EM Hong.Lin@ars.usda.gov RI Sangue, Inct/I-1919-2013 FU Viticulture Consortium West FX We thank Karl Lund of UCD for providing phylloxera samples. Research supported in part by the Viticulture Consortium West. Trade names or commercial products in this publication are mentioned solely for the purpose of providing specific information, and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU FUNPEC-EDITORA PI RIBEIRAO PRETO PA RUA HUDSON 655, JARDIM CANADA, RIBEIRAO PRETO, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-5680 J9 GENET MOL RES JI Genet. Mol. Res. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 BP 1409 EP 1416 DI 10.4238/2012.May.15.11 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 962DL UT WOS:000305519600065 PM 22653587 ER PT J AU Kohnke, T Lin, A Elder, T Theliander, H Ragauskas, AJ AF Koehnke, Tobias Lin, Angela Elder, Thomas Theliander, Hans Ragauskas, Arthur J. TI Nanoreinforced xylan-cellulose composite foams by freeze-casting SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; HEMICELLULOSES; BIOMATERIALS; SCAFFOLDS; PATH AB Structured biofoams have been prepared from the readily available renewable biopolymer xylan by employing an ice-templating technique, where the pore morphology of the material can be controlled by the solidification conditions and the molecular structure of the polysaccharide. Furthermore, reinforcement of these biodegradable foams using cellulose nanocrystals shows potential for strongly improved mechanical properties. C1 [Koehnke, Tobias; Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Koehnke, Tobias; Theliander, Hans] Chalmers, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lin, Angela] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Elder, Thomas] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Kohnke, T (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM art.ragauskas@ipst.gatech.edu OI Kohnke, Tobias/0000-0003-1259-6414; Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU Gunnar Nicholson Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Gunnar Nicholson Foundation. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 49 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1864 EP 1869 DI 10.1039/c2gc35413f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 963NI UT WOS:000305627500005 ER PT J AU Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH Eshghizadeh, HR Chaney, RL AF Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. Eshghizadeh, H. R. Chaney, R. L. TI USING ACID-WASHED SHREDDED WASTE-TIRE RUBBER IN SOILLESS MEDIA FOR TOMATO PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; soilless culture; substrate; tire rubber ID GROWTH AB 'Cerasiforne' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown in soilless potting media contained different substrate formulas including 25:25:50 volume ratio of acid-washed (AWR) or non-washed shredded rubber (NAWR):vermiculite or zeolite:perlite. Additionally, plants were grown in a peat: perlite substrate. Plants grown in media containing AWR had greater root and shoot dry weight and fruit production than those grown in the NAWR media or the peat: perlite substrate. Fruit zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration of plants grown in AWR-containing media was significantly lower than those grown in NAWR-containing media. Plants grown in the presence of waste rubber accumulated greater Zn in their shoots compared to those grown in the peat: perlite media. Acid washing of rubber significantly reduced shoot Zn concentration. Shredded waste rubber might be used as a component of container media in production of hydroponically-grown tomato; however, acid-washing of rubber is required to prevent potential Zn toxicity for plant. C1 [Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H.] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Soil Sci, Coll Agr, Esfahan 84154, Iran. [Eshghizadeh, H. R.] Isfahan Univ Technol, Soilless Culture Res Ctr, Esfahan 84154, Iran. [Chaney, R. L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Khoshgoftarmanesh, AH (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Soil Sci, Coll Agr, Esfahan 84154, Iran. EM amirhkhosh@cc.iut.ac.ir NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.684126 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 959XN UT WOS:000305351600006 ER PT J AU Joshi, H Moser, BR Walker, T AF Joshi, Hem Moser, Bryan R. Walker, Terry TI Mixed Alkyl Esters from Cottonseed Oil: Improved Biodiesel Properties and Blends with Diesel Fuel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Alkyl esters; Biodiesel; Cloud point; Cottonseed oil; Diesel fuel; Fatty acid methyl esters; Fuel properties; Kinematic viscosity; Pour point; Transesterification ID FATTY ESTERS; SOYBEAN OIL; CANOLA OIL; SEED OIL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; FEEDSTOCKS; ADDITIVES; ETHANOL AB Transesterification of refined cottonseed oil (CSO) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, and various mixtures of these alcohols to produce biodiesel. In the mixed alcohol transesterifications, formation of methyl esters was favored over ethyl and butyl esters. The influence of ester head group on fuel properties was determined. Specifically, cold flow properties, lubricity, and energy content improved in the order: CSO butyl esters (CSBE, best) > ethyl esters (CSEE) > methyl esters (CSME). Higher kinematic viscosities (KVs) as well as lower iodine values (IVs) and wear scars were observed with larger ester head groups. Blends of CSME, CSEE and CSBE exhibited properties intermediate to the neat esters. All ester samples were within the limits prescribed in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 for cetane number, acid value (AV), glycerol (free and total) content, sulfur, and phosphorous. Also examined was the influence of blending alkyl esters with petrodiesel. All blends exhibited improved cold flow properties versus unblended alkyl esters. Enhanced lubricity was observed after blending. With increasing content of biodiesel, higher KVs and lower energy contents were observed. Finally, all blends were within the limits specified in ASTM D975 and D7467 for AV, KV and sulfur. C1 [Joshi, Hem; Walker, Terry] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Walker, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 114 Biosyst Res Complex, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM walker4@clemson.edu FU USDA-ARS Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory (SWCGRL; Las Cruces, NM, USA); Eco-Sol, LLC (Tucson, AZ, USA); Cotton, Inc. (Cary, NC, USA) FX The authors acknowledge Benetria N. Banks and Erin L. Walter for excellent technical assistance. The authors also thank USDA-ARS Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory (SWCGRL; Las Cruces, NM, USA) in Cooperative 269 R&D Agreement with Eco-Sol, LLC (Tucson, AZ, USA) for their support and supply of CSO. Lastly, Cotton, Inc. (Cary, NC, USA) is acknowledged for funding a portion of this project. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1891-z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 959CV UT WOS:000305289900016 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP AF Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P. TI Extraction and Functional Properties of Non-Zein Proteins in Corn Germ from Wet-Milling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Corn; Corn germ; Maize; Protein extraction; Protein functionality ID WATER-RETENTION; SOY PROTEINS; MODEL SYSTEM; FLOUR; ULTRAFILTRATION; SOLUBILITY; CAPACITY; ISOLATE AB This study was conducted to evaluate the extractability of wet-milled corn germ protein, characterize the recovered protein and identify its potential applications. Protein was extracted from both wet germ and finished (dried) germ using 0.1 M NaCl as solvent. The method involved homogenization, stirring, centrifugation, dialysis and freeze-drying. Factors evaluated were temperature (40, 50, or 60 degrees C) and the presence of reducing or denaturing agents. The recovered protein was analyzed for proximate composition and functional properties. Protein recovery was greater from wet germ. For both germ samples, protein recovery was not improved by using higher temperatures; thus, subsequent extractions were done at 40 degrees C. Addition of 2% SDS and 1% beta-mercaptoethanol to the solvent nearly doubled protein yield; but, SDS-PAGE indicated some protein denaturation. The recovered freeze-dried proteins from both germ samples were least soluble at pH 2.0-4.0, but solubility increased at higher pH values. Wet germ protein extract was more soluble than finished germ protein at all pH values; however, the finished germ protein showed much better foaming and emulsifying properties and water-holding capacity. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mila.HojillaEvangelista@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s11746-011-1881-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 959CV UT WOS:000305289900018 ER PT J AU Kim, S Srygley, RB Lee, JY Lee, SI Choe, JC AF Kim, Sanha Srygley, Robert B. Lee, June Yong Lee, Sang-im Choe, Jae C. TI URBAN AND NATURAL COMPONENTS OF KOREAN MAGPIE (PICA PICA SERICEA) TERRITORIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PREY DENSITY SO POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE urbanization; land use; Korean magpie; Corvidae; territory size; prey density; habitat structure ID AVIAN SPECIES-DIVERSITY; NEST PREDATION; SIZE; BIRDS; HABITAT; PERSPECTIVE; LANDSCAPE; QUALITY AB Urban landscapes have a negative impact on bird species diversity, yet particular species thrive in urban communities. Like many other corvids, the Korean magpie is a successful colonizer of urban environments. On the semi-urban campus of Seoul National University in Korea, we investigated whether magpies adjust territory size with building area and secondarily, whether they use vegetation and artificial components of their territory as indicators of prey density. We measured territorial areas and divided these into vegetation and artificial areas, distinguishing building area as a separate feature. We sampled prey density on each territory during the nestling stage. Territory size increased with the square root of building area (SRBA). As the length of building perimeter also increases with SRBA, we conclude that territory size was proportional to building perimeter. Prey density decreased with SRBA indicating that buildings had a negative impact on prey. Breeding success was also negatively related to SRBA. We suggest that magpies adjusted territory size according to the length of building perimeter clue to a decline in prey density. As prey density declined, artificial pavement area was added to include open trash bins, which increase the availability of anthropogenic refuse such as discarded food. Vegetation area declined as prey density increased, but changes in vegetation area were minor and had little impact on prey availability measured at ground level. Structural cues were not used to adjust vegetation area, and artificial structural cues were not used to adjust territorial size over direct monitoring of prey density. C1 [Kim, Sanha; Lee, June Yong; Choe, Jae C.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Srygley, Robert B.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Lee, Sang-im] Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Adv Machinery & Design, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Choe, Jae C.] Ewha Womans Univ, Div EcoSci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Choe, JC (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jaechoe@ewha.ac.kr FU Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Brain Korea 21 Research Fellowship from the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development Ewha Global Top 5 Grant of Ewha Womans University; Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy FX We thank the magpie team in the Laboratory of Behavior and Ecology at SNU for contributing breeding data and comments on the manuscript. The Korean Science and Engineering Foundation supported R.B.S. with a Brain Pool Professorship. This study was funded by a Brain Korea 21 Research Fellowship from the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development Ewha Global Top 5 Grant 2011 of Ewha Womans University and a grant from the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST ECOLOGY PI LOMIANKI PA DZIEKANOW LESNY NEAR WARSAW, 05-092 LOMIANKI, POLAND SN 1505-2249 J9 POL J ECOL JI Pol. J. Ecol. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 407 EP 417 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960FO UT WOS:000305373600016 ER PT J AU Wheeler, QD Knapp, S Stevenson, DW Stevenson, J Blum, SD Boom, BM Borisy, GG Buizer, JL De Carvalho, MR Cibrian, A Donoghue, MJ Doyle, V Gerson, EM Graham, CH Graves, P Graves, SJ Guralnick, RP Hamilton, AL Hanken, J Law, W Lipscomb, DL Lovejoy, TE Miller, H Miller, JS Naeem, S Novacek, MJ Page, LM Platnick, NI Porter-Morgan, H Raven, PH Solis, MA Valdecasas, AG Van Der Leeuw, S Vasco, A Vermeulen, N Vogel, J Walls, RL Wilson, EO Woolley, JB AF Wheeler, Q. D. Knapp, S. Stevenson, D. W. Stevenson, J. Blum, S. D. Boom, B. M. Borisy, G. G. Buizer, J. L. De Carvalho, M. R. Cibrian, A. Donoghue, M. J. Doyle, V. Gerson, E. M. Graham, C. H. Graves, P. Graves, S. J. Guralnick, R. P. Hamilton, A. L. Hanken, J. Law, W. Lipscomb, D. L. Lovejoy, T. E. Miller, H. Miller, J. S. Naeem, S. Novacek, M. J. Page, L. M. Platnick, N. I. Porter-Morgan, H. Raven, P. H. Solis, M. A. Valdecasas, A. G. Van Der Leeuw, S. Vasco, A. Vermeulen, N. Vogel, J. Walls, R. L. Wilson, E. O. Woolley, J. B. TI Mapping the biosphere: exploring species to understand the origin, organization and sustainability of biodiversity SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; bioinformatics; biomimicry; biosphere; conservation; cyberinfrastructure; ecology; evolution; international collaboration; organization of science; origins; species; sustainability; systematics; taxonomy; team work ID SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY; RED SWEAT; TAXONOMY; LIFE; CONSERVATION; TREE; INFRASTRUCTURE; HIPPOPOTAMUS; INFORMATION; CHALLENGES AB The time is ripe for a comprehensive mission to explore and document Earth's species. This calls for a campaign to educate and inspire the next generation of professional and citizen species explorers, investments in cyber-infrastructure and collections to meet the unique needs of the producers and consumers of taxonomic information, and the formation and coordination of a multi-institutional, international, transdisciplinary community of researchers, scholars and engineers with the shared objective of creating a comprehensive inventory of species and detailed map of the biosphere. We conclude that an ambitious goal to describe 10 million species in less than 50 years is attainable based on the strength of 250 years of progress, worldwide collections, existing experts, technological innovation and collaborative teamwork. Existing digitization projects are overcoming obstacles of the past, facilitating collaboration and mobilizing literature, data, images and specimens through cyber technologies. Charting the biosphere is enormously complex, yet necessary expertise can be found through partnerships with engineers, information scientists, sociologists, ecologists, climate scientists, conservation biologists, industrial project managers and taxon specialists, from agrostologists to zoophytologists. Benefits to society of the proposed mission would be profound, immediate and enduring, from detection of early responses of flora and fauna to climate change to opening access to evolutionary designs for solutions to countless practical problems. The impacts on the biodiversity, environmental and evolutionary sciences would be transformative, from ecosystem models calibrated in detail to comprehensive understanding of the origin and evolution of life over its 3.8 billion year history. The resultant cyber-enabled taxonomy, or cybertaxonomy, would open access to biodiversity data to developing nations, assure access to reliable data about species, and change how scientists and citizens alike access, use and think about biological diversity information. C1 [Wheeler, Q. D.; Hamilton, A. L.; Van Der Leeuw, S.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. [Knapp, S.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Stevenson, D. W.; Stevenson, J.; Boom, B. M.; Cibrian, A.; Doyle, V.; Law, W.; Miller, J. S.; Porter-Morgan, H.; Vasco, A.; Walls, R. L.] New York Bot Garden, New York, NY USA. [Blum, S. D.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Borisy, G. G.; Miller, H.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Buizer, J. L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [De Carvalho, M. R.] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Donoghue, M. J.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Gerson, E. M.] Tremont Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. [Graham, C. H.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Graves, P.] Maryland Dept Fish & Wildlife, Annapolis, MD USA. [Graves, S. J.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Guralnick, R. P.] Univ Colorado, CU Museum Nat Hist, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hanken, J.; Wilson, E. O.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lipscomb, D. L.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Lovejoy, T. E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Naeem, S.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Novacek, M. J.; Platnick, N. I.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Page, L. M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Raven, P. H.] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO USA. [Solis, M. A.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Valdecasas, A. G.] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Vermeulen, N.] Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Vogel, J.] Museum Nat Kunde, Eberswalde, Germany. [Woolley, J. B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wheeler, QD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. EM quentin.wheeler@asu.edu RI Graham, Catherine/A-9560-2011; Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011; Miller, Holly/I-6942-2015; OI Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945; Miller, Holly/0000-0002-9076-5335; Doyle, Vinson/0000-0002-2350-782X FU Arizona State University (Office of the President, International Institute for Species Exploration and Global Institute of Sustainability); US National Science Foundation [DEB-1102500]; College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University; NSF [DEB-0316614] FX Funds for the 'Sustain What?' workshop were provided by Arizona State University (Office of the President, International Institute for Species Exploration and Global Institute of Sustainability) and a grant from the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1102500 to QDW). Further support was provided by the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University and NSF (DEB-0316614 to SK). We thank the New York Botanical Garden, New York Academy of Sciences and the Explorers Club for meeting locations and Rebecca Albrecht and Carol Hughes for event planning and media relations. NR 90 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 104 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2000 EI 1478-0933 J9 SYST BIODIVERS JI Syst. Biodivers. PY 2012 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1080/14772000.2012.665095 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 962AX UT WOS:000305512500001 ER PT J AU Henry, PFP Akuffo, VG Chen, Y Karouna-Renier, NK Sprague, DT Bakst, MR AF Henry, Paula F. P. Akuffo, Valorie G. Chen, Yu Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Sprague, Daniel T. Bakst, Murray R. TI Effect of 17 beta-trenbolone on male and female reproduction in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; avian reproduction; Japanese quail; sexual maturation; histopathology; trenbolone ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; BIRDS; FERTILIZATION; IMPACT; CATTLE; TURKEY AB The anabolic steroid 17 beta trenbolone (17 beta-TB), a known endocrine disrupting chemical, may influence reproductive functions in avian wildlife. We evaluated the effects of dietary exposure to 17 beta-TB at 5 and 20 ppm on reproductive functional endpoints in Japanese quail during and after sexual maturation. In the male, 5 and 20 ppm treatments revealed no differences in body and testes weight, testes histology, plasma testosterone concentrations, or size and weight of the foam glands. However, the onset of foam production was significantly earlier (days of age) in the 20 ppm males. In females, dietary 17 beta-TB at 20 ppm caused a reduction in the number of maturing yellow yolk follicles and overall egg production. Plasma testosterone concentrations were reduced compared to controls. Histology of the oviductal sperm storage tubules was normal in all treatments. The number of sperm holes, sites on the perivitelline layer (PVL) where sperm bound and hydrolyzed a path through the PVL, was significantly greater in the 10th egg laid compared to the 1st egg laid in the 20 ppm treatment. Potential effects, albeit transient, on endpoints associated with male maturation warrant further investigation into the sensitivity of these measures in the event of embryonic and/or trans-generational exposure to 17 beta-TB. C1 [Henry, Paula F. P.; Chen, Yu; Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.; Sprague, Daniel T.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Dept Interior, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Akuffo, Valorie G.; Bakst, Murray R.] USDA, ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Henry, PFP (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Dept Interior, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM phenry@usgs.gov FU US EPA IAG [DW-14-92281401-2]; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; USDA ARS FX This study was supported in part by US EPA IAG DW-14-92281401-2 with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and the USDA ARS. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.3184/175815512X13350167598421 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 959OH UT WOS:000305321800001 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI History and Current Importance SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE History of sea beet; Crop evolution; Beta maritima history; Domestication; Origins of sea beet; Researchers involved ID BEET BETA-VULGARIS; SUGAR-BEET; WEED BEET; SUBSP MARITIMA; GENE FLOW; PRODUCTION FIELDS; CULTIVATED BEETS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SEED BANK; REGISTRATION AB Sea beet is known from prehistory for food and above all for medicinal uses. After domestication, beet became more and more important, especially after its most recent use as a sugar crop. But also the cultivation for leaves and root to be used as vegetables and cattle feed retains its economic value. Beta maritima has become crucial as source of useful traits, which disappeared in the crop during domestication. This research, which has led to important results, especially in the field of resistances to severe diseases, continues today. The activity of some involved scientists is recounted. An increasing amount of publications are dedicated to sea beet because the species also fits well into studies concerning population genetics, natural breeding systems, colonization, speciation, gene flow, etc. C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 260 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 74 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 74 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100001 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI Range of Distribution SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sea beet distribution; Sea beet habitat; Coastal distribution; Mediterranean distribution; Geographic distribution; North Atlantic populations ID BETA-VULGARIS COMPLEX; WILD RELATIVES; BEET; MARITIMA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; NUCLEAR AB Sea beet is the most widespread taxon within genus Beta, and can be found quite easily along the seashores of Mediterranean Sea and the European Atlantic Ocean. On these coasts, countless localizations have been reported in the literature beginning in the early 1700s. The frequency of sea beet populations decreases as one goes inland, where the origin of the populations is more likely due to hybridization between sea beet and cultivated beet crops. Although rare, the presence of sea beet has been reported on the shores of the Middle East North Sea, India, China, Japan, and California. In North America, wild populations of Beta maritima, Beta macrocarpa, and respective hybrids (with cultivated beet) likely originated from contaminated seed imported from Europe during colonization of California by the Europeans. C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com; enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100002 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI Morphology, Physiology, and Ecology SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Seed; Germination; Morphology; Flowering; Pollen; Male sterility; Gene flow; Survival ID BEET BETA-VULGARIS; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; MEDIATED GENE FLOW; SSP MARITIMA L.; SUGAR-BEET; SEA BEET; WILD BEET; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB The traits of Beta maritima have been reviewed and summarized from a number of recent and classical publications dealing with the ecology, morphology, and whole-plant physiology of the species. Because few papers have been written only on sea beet, B. maritima, most information comes from cultivated forms of Beta vulgaris. A striking feature of B. maritima gleaned from this review is how variable and adaptive it is. The species is fairly plastic allowing it to live in many different environments. This capacity for adaptation has been correlated with its breeding system, which allows sea beet to rapidly change reproduction systems, flowering time, life span, etc. according to the local environmental conditions. This is most evident to the observer in the differences between the Mediterranean populations with easy bolting, short life cycles, and those from the sea coasts of northwest Europe. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the plant and populations to answer the question: "What is B. maritima?" C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 236 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 85 EP 136 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 52 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100003 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI Taxonomy SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Taxonomy; Genus; Section; Species; DNA fingerprinting; Phylogentics; Sea beet; Beet ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCE INFORMATION; SUGAR-BEET; BETA; CHENOPODIACEAE; GENUS; PATELLIFOLIA; BETOIDEAE; ORIGIN; DNA AB The high genetic variability and the presence of conspecific and interfertile wild and cultivated forms have made it difficult to adopt a stable systematic structure within the genus Beta. Further difficulties have been caused by the proliferation of synonyms and the confusion this has caused in the nomenclature, which has been reduced only slightly since Linne. The frequent errors in classification solely based on plant morphology are being reduced through the introduction of new molecular, DNA-based analyses. Consequently, because of our increasing ability to precisely establish differences or similarities among populations and genotypes, the taxonomy of genus Beta is becoming more accurate. C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com; enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 137 EP 157 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100004 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI Uses SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sea beet; Medicinal herb; Digestive aid; Beet juice; Beet fiber; Betacyanin dye; Beetroot; Recipes food; Medicinal uses AB The many uses of the different parts of Beta maritima harvested in the wild are listed and described. Although eaten as a potherb before recorded history, most of our information about the uses of sea beet, and beets in general, is as a medicinal herb because this was the interest of most of the ancient authors who wrote about plants. Many of these medicinal uses have lost their importance with the advances of medical science. Nonetheless, sea beets (and other beets) are still used in homeopathic remedies and have a number of useful qualities, both for the smooth function of the digestive tract and to prevent disease. C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100005 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI Source of Useful Traits SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Disease resistance; Rhizomania; Cercospora; Nematode; Drought; Salt stress; Root rot; Virus; Curly top; Virus yellows; Powdery mildew; Polymyxa betae ID SUGAR-BEET GERMPLASM; NECROTIC-YELLOW-VEIN; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; BETA-VULGARIS L.; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII-SCHM; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; MOSAIC-VIRUS RESISTANCE; CERCOSPORA LEAF-SPOT; POLYMYXA-BETAE; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB In the late 1800s, there already was speculation that Beta maritima might provide a reservoir of resistance genes that could be utilized in sugar beet breeding. European researchers crossed B. maritima and sugar beet and observed many traits in the hybrid progeny. It is impossible to estimate how widely B. maritima was used in the production of commercial varieties, because most of the germplasm exchanges were informal and are difficult to document. Often these crosses of sugar beet with sea beet germplasm contained undesirable traits, e.g., annualism, elongated crowns, fangy roots, high fiber, red pigment (in root, leaf, or petiole) and much lower sucrose production. It is believed that lack of acceptance of B. maritima as a reservoir of genes was because most of the evaluations of the progeny were done in early generations: The reactions of the hybrids vulgaris x maritima were not impressive, and it is clear now that they were not adequately studied in the later generations. C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 288 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 173 EP 223 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 51 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100006 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI Cultivated Offspring SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Garden beet; Red beet; Leaf beet; Swiss chard; Sugar beet; Cultivated beet; Energy beet; Fodder beet ID BEET BETA-VULGARIS; SUGAR-BEET; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SELECTION; SOLIDS; FOOD; WILD AB Sea beet was first harvested wild for leaves to be used as a vegetable and potherb. Once domestication had begun and the root and hypocotyls were enlarged, the enlarged root was uses as a vegetable after cooking. Fodder and sugar beet appeared only a few centuries ago in Central Europe. Sugar has become one of the more important crops and, consequently, more studied compared to the rest of the cultivated beet types. Many of the advances obtained in breeding sugar beet (monogermy, male sterility, and some resistances) have been utilized by other beet crop breeders. Energy beet is still an unknown. Whether the interest shown today will develop it into another major crop, and what that crop would look like are yet to be determined. C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 225 EP 243 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100007 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT AF Biancardi, Enrico Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. BA Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT BF Biancardi, E Panella, LW Lewellen, RT TI The Future SO BETA MARITMA: THE ORIGIN OF BEETS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Conservation; Ex situ conservation; In situ conservation; Genetic resources; Germplasm collection; Transgenic ID SUGAR-BEET; CLIMATIC IMPACT; BETA GERMPLASM; RESISTANCE; PRODUCTIVITY; EUROPE; DISEASES; HYBRIDS AB We have seen that over the past 60 years our knowledge of Beta maritima has grown tremendously. Its importance as a genetic resource in the breeding of sugar beet and other cultivated beet crops has become recognized. Nonetheless, only in the last 30 years has there been a coordinated effort to conserve sea beet germplasm. The international database for Beta lists more than 11,500 Beta/Patellifolia accessions in 33 gene banks worldwide. Many accessions likely are cultivated beets, but a substantial number are B. maritima. However, because species evolution no longer takes place in an ex situ gene bank collection, there is no further adaptation to their natural environment. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in providing in situ conservation of beet wild relatives in general, and B. maritima in particular. If the concerns with growing genetically modified sugar beet can be satisfied, the potential is large, but even so sea beet provides a reservoir of genetic resources to continue the battle against pest and pathogens of cultivated beet. Whatever the effects of global climate change may prove to be, it is likely that the superior genetic diversity in sea beet will provide the genetic traits necessary to maintain the performance of our crop plants in a changing environment. C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. [Panella, Leonard W.] ARS, Crop Res Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA, Rovigo Stn, Rome, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov; rtlewellen@hotmail.com NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0841-3 PY 2012 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BYS61 UT WOS:000299968100008 ER PT J AU Busman, M Desjardins, AE Proctor, RH AF Busman, M. Desjardins, A. E. Proctor, R. H. TI Analysis of fumonisin contamination and the presence of Fusarium in wheat with kernel black point disease in the United States SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE LC/MS; microbiology; survey; mycotoxins - fumonisins; cereals and grain ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; BIOSYNTHETIC GENES; MATING POPULATIONS; PROLIFERATUM; MAIZE; B-1; MYCOTOXINS; STRAINS AB The ability of the fungus Fusarium proliferatum to cause kernel black point disease in wheat was previously established, but natural contamination of black point wheat with both F. proliferatum and fumonisin mycotoxins has not been studied in the United States. Low levels of fumonisins were detected in nine of 43 wheat samples with kernel black point disease that were obtained from across the United States. A subset of samples was contaminated with F. proliferatum as well as with F. fujikuroi, F. nygamai, F. thapsinum and F. verticillioides, species closely related to F. proliferatum and morphologically similar to it in that they produce chains of asexual spores, or conidia. Nevertheless, of conidial chain-forming fusaria isolated from symptomatic wheat, F. proliferatum dominated. In greenhouse tests, isolates of F. proliferatum and the other species recovered from wheat samples were able to cause symptoms of kernel black point and, in some cases, low levels of fumonisin contamination of wheat. These data add to the understanding of the risk of fumonisin contamination of wheat and the potential for Fusarium species to cause kernel black point disease and fumonisin contamination of wheat. Further, the results of this study indicate that while US-grown wheat can sporadically be contaminated by fumonisins, the natural contamination levels seem to be low. The observations made provide evidence that fumonisins are not likely to be a factor contributing to the ability of Fusarium to cause kernel black point disease. C1 [Busman, M.; Desjardins, A. E.; Proctor, R. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Busman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mark.busman@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1092 EP 1100 DI 10.1080/19440049.2012.671787 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 952VL UT WOS:000304821400009 PM 22494515 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, C. M. TI Signal amplification using colloidal gold in a biolayer interferometry-based immunosensor for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE screening - immunoassays; screening - biosensor; mycotoxins - trichothecenes; trichothecenes; cereals and grain ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; B-TRICHOTHECENES; LABEL-FREE; WHEAT; SPECTROSCOPY; REACTIVITY; VOMITOXIN AB Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxin produced by certain species of Fusarium fungi that can infest wheat, barley and corn. The fungi cause diseases in crops worldwide and some of the secondary metabolites, such as DON, can adversely affect animal health and food safety. To monitor DON in wheat rapidly, a biosensor using the principle of biolayer interferometry (BLI) was developed. The signal from the sensor was substantially amplified through the use of a primary antibody-colloidal gold conjugate. The amplification was much greater in the presence of wheat matrix than in buffered solution, suggesting matrix components may have contributed to the enhancement. The improved signal provided by the amplification allowed for the development of rapid qualitative and quantitative assays. The limit of detection of the method was 0.09 mg kg(-1); the limit of quantitation was 0.35 mg kg(-1). Recovery from wheat spiked over the range from 0.2 to 5 mg kg(-1) averaged 103% (RSD = 12%). The quantitative assay compared favourably (r(2) = 0.9698) with a reference chromatographic method for 40 naturally contaminated wheats. The qualitative assay was able to classify accurately the same group of 40 samples as either above or below a 0.5 mg kg(-1) threshold. These results suggest that the BLI technique can be used to measure DON in wheat rapidly. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1108 EP 1117 DI 10.1080/19440049.2012.671789 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 952VL UT WOS:000304821400011 PM 22489824 ER PT J AU Lens, F Cooper, L Gandolfo, MA Groover, A Jaiswal, P Lachenbruch, B Spicer, R Staton, ME Stevenson, DW Walls, RL Wegrzyn, J AF Lens, Frederic Cooper, Laurel Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra Groover, Andrew Jaiswal, Pankaj Lachenbruch, Barbara Spicer, Rachel Staton, Margaret E. Stevenson, Dennis W. Walls, Ramona L. Wegrzyn, Jill TI AN EXTENSION OF THE PLANT ONTOLOGY PROJECT SUPPORTING WOOD ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; MERISTEM; GENOME C1 [Lens, Frederic] Netherlands Ctr Biodivers Nat, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Cooper, Laurel; Jaiswal, Pankaj] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, LH Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Groover, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spicer, Rachel] Connecticut Coll, Dept Bot, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Staton, Margaret E.] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Stevenson, Dennis W.; Walls, Ramona L.] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Wegrzyn, Jill] Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lens, F (reprint author), Netherlands Ctr Biodivers Nat, POB 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM lens@nhn.leidenuniv.nl RI Lens, Frederic/B-8482-2011; Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Lens, Frederic/0000-0002-5001-0149; Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Wegrzyn, Jill/0000-0001-5923-0888 FU National Science Foundation - IOS [0822201] FX The authors wish to thank Barry Smith (University at Buffalo, NY, USA) for advice on ontology building during the workshop. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation - IOS #0822201 (PI: P Jaiswal, co-PIs: MA Gandolfo, DW Stevenson). NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 957WT UT WOS:000305198500001 ER PT J AU Bebak, J Wagner, B AF Bebak, Julie Wagner, Bruce TI Use of Vaccination against Enteric Septicemia of Catfish and Columnaris Disease by the U.S. Catfish Industry SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI VACCINE; CHANNEL CATFISH; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE; ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; EXPRESSION PROFILE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MULTIPLE GENES; PUNCTATUS; EFFICACY; FISH AB Vaccination is an effective strategy used for the protection of food animals against infectious diseases. A 2010 U. S. Department of Agriculture questionnaire examined U. S. catfish industry use (in 2009) of two commercial vaccines that provide protection against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease, catfish producers' opinions regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish they expect to be protected, and producers' general expectations regarding survival of vaccinated fish compared with unvaccinated fish. During 2009, 9.7% of the total fingerling operations used one or both vaccines; 12.3% of the total industry fry production was vaccinated against ESC, and 17.0% was vaccinated against columnaris disease. Of the producers who grew food-sized catfish to harvest, 6.7% used vaccinated catfish. The farms that did not use vaccinated fish for grow out had a mean size of 63.4 water surface hectares (156.6 water surface acres). The operations that used vaccinated fish were larger (mean size = 206.6 water surface hectares, or 510.6 water surface acres). The producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated fish for grow out represented 19.0% of the total water surface area of food fish production; producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated fish represented 16.6% of the total area. Of the producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated catfish, 41.9% thought that survival was better in vaccinated fish than in unvaccinated fish; of the producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated catfish, 46.2% thought that vaccinated fish displayed better survival. However, 37.5% of producers that used the ESC vaccine and 39.7% of producers that used the columnaris vaccine did not know whether vaccination improved survival rates. When all producers were asked about their expectations regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish that would be protected from disease, 52.4% responded that they expected 100% of their fish to be protected. More producer information about reasonable expectations regarding vaccine efficacy, the conditions underwhich immunosuppression and vaccine failure can occur, and assessment of vaccine performance may result in increased use of vaccination as a tool for the catfish industry. C1 [Bebak, Julie] ARS, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Wagner, Bruce] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bebak, J (reprint author), POB 24, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM jbebakwilliams@gmail.com FU USDA Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems Project [6420-32000-024-00D]; Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services) FX We thank Christine Kopral for assistance with statistical analysis. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems Project 6420-32000-024-00D and by the Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services). We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the USDA employees who collected and analyzed the 2003 data, as well as the producers and operation managers that participated in the 2003 and 2010 questionnaires. This research was conducted in compliance with all relevant federal guidelines and institutional policies. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1080/08997659.2012.667048 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 959DP UT WOS:000305292100005 PM 22779211 ER PT J AU Sivapatham, P Potts, MC Delise, JA Sajwan, KS Alva, AK Jayaraman, K Chakraborty, P AF Sivapatham, Paramasivam Potts, Mariel C. Delise, Jeffrey A. Sajwan, Kenneth S. Alva, Ashok K. Jayaraman, Kuppuswamy Chakraborty, Paromita TI Evaluation of wastewater treatment by-products as soil amendment: Growth of sorghum-sudan grass and trace elements concentrations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Chemical association; growth performance; sewage sludge; sewage sludge ash; soil amendment; sorghum-sudan grass; weathered sewage sludge ash ID COMPOSTED SEWAGE-SLUDGE; CATTLE MANURE; FLY-ASH; NITROGEN; BEHAVIOR; INCINERATION; PHOSPHORUS; TURFGRASS; METALS AB Wastewater treatment by-products (WTBP), such as sewage sludge (SS) may be used to enhance soil chemical, physical, and biological properties. These enhanced soil properties, in turn, could from its source of production to its site of application. These concerns may be mitigated by incineration of the SS to produce ash (SSA) and dissolved in water and stored in ponds as contribute to an increase in plant growth, production, mineral nutrition. Some SS is difficult to handle due to bad odor in its raw state and has large mass, hence expensive for transportation weathered SSA (WSSA). A greenhouse study was conducted using Candler fine sand CFS; (CFS; pH = 6.8) and Ogeechee loamy sand OLS; (pH = 5.2) with application of either 0, 24.7, 49.4, 98.8, or 148.2 Mg ha(-1) as either SS, SSA, or WSSA to evaluate the biomass production and elemental composition responses of sorghum-sudan grass (Sorghum vulgaris var. Sudanese hitche). Shoot and root biomass were 2 to 3 fold greater in the soil amended with SS, than either SSA or WSSA. Concentrations of nutrient and trace elements in the shoots and roots increased with increasing rates of amendments. Application of these by-products up to 98.8Mg ha(-1) rate did not adversely affect growth or accumulation of trace elements in sorghum-sudan grass. Long-term field studies are recommended to investigate the potential leaching of various elements from the amended soils in addition to evaluation of plant growth and production responses to determine the acceptable rates of these by-products as amendments to agricultural soils. C1 [Sivapatham, Paramasivam; Potts, Mariel C.; Delise, Jeffrey A.; Jayaraman, Kuppuswamy; Chakraborty, Paromita] Savannah State Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Math, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Sajwan, Kenneth S.] Savannah State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Alva, Ashok K.] USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Sivapatham, P (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Math, POB 20089, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM siva@savannahstate.edu FU Department of Education and Environmental justice, community education, and advisory of the Department of Energy/Environmental Protection Agency FX Authors appreciate the financial support for this study through Title III program and the Department of Education and Environmental justice, community education, and advisory project of the Department of Energy/Environmental Protection Agency. We appreciate the assistance and cooperation of the President Street wastewater treatment plant staff, Savannah, GA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2012 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1678 EP 1686 DI 10.1080/10934529.2012.687261 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959FS UT WOS:000305298900023 PM 22702829 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MR Budde, AD AF Schmitt, Mark R. Budde, Allen D. TI Wort Free Amino Nitrogen Analysis Adapted to a Microplate Format SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID BARLEY; ASSAY; QUANTITIES AB J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 70(2):95-102, 2012 The standard method for determining wort free amino nitrogen content is a long-established but now relatively outdated procedure, calling for the use of test tubes, marbles, several water baths (boiling and 20 C), manual sample transfers, and a conventional spectrophotometer. Currently, many malting quality laboratories avoid use of this cumbersome manual system by adopting automated chemistry analysis systems as their in-house standard method for wort free amino nitrogen analysis. Several recent papers have taken a somewhat different approach to measuring malting quality by adapting the basic analytical method to microtiter plates, microplate readers, and related instrumentation. This streamlines sample handling and increases sample capacity. However, results from the several free amino nitrogen methods published previously have not been directly compared. In this study, we analyzed several malts using the standard ASBC Wort-12 method, our standard Skalar segmented flow analysis chemistry system, and several variations of those two chemistries in microplate formats to compare the results obtained by the different analysis systems. Among these methods, the results from the manual ASBC Wort-12, the automated Skalar system, and a microplate-format assay based on the Skalar reagents agreed well. Surprisingly, however, direct adaptation of the Wort-12 reagents, times, and temperatures to the microplate format yielded inconsistent results. We examined a number of parameters in the microplate-format Wort-12 implementation but were unable to identify a single factor responsible for the divergence of results. From these results, we recommend adapting the chemistry from the Skalar segmented flow analysis system to a microplate format for analysis of wort free amino nitrogen content. C1 [Schmitt, Mark R.; Budde, Allen D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Schmitt, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 502 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mark.schmitt@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PY 2012 VL 70 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1094/ASBCJ-2012-0321-01 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 959JN UT WOS:000305308800002 ER PT J AU Hall, WA Johnston, MV AF Hall, Wiley A. Johnston, Murray V. TI The Thermal-Stability of Oligomers in Alpha-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION KINETICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILITY; THERMODENUDER; EVOLUTION; PHASE; OZONOLYSIS; COMPONENTS; DILUTION AB Recent studies characterizing laboratory generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have shown that 50% or more of the particle mass is made up of oligomeric species, which based on molecular weight and structure should be nonvolatile. On the other hand, about 75% the particle mass is lost when SOA is passed through a denuder heated to 100 degrees C, suggesting that it is semi-volatile. To study the reason for this discrepancy, the chemical effects of a thermal denuder (TD) on oligomers in laboratory SOA formed by ozonolysis of alpha-pinene were examined with high-resolution molecular mass spectrometry. Both monomers and oligomers in the particle phase were lost to the gas phase upon heating to 100 degrees C. Additionally, when the species released to the gas phase during heating were allowed to readsorb onto the remaining particle mass, almost all of the readsorbed material was monomeric. Both of these observations suggest that oligomers decompose when heated in a TD. Chemical analysis of the remaining particle mass after passing through the TD showed formation of many new compounds that corresponded to oligomer decomposition products. While similar experiments should be performed with other aerosol types, these results suggest that care must be taken when attempting to use a TD at an elevated temperature to infer the volatility of SOA at ambient temperature. C1 [Hall, Wiley A.; Johnston, Murray V.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hall, Wiley A.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. RP Johnston, MV (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, 102 Lammot Dupont Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mvj@udel.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 51 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 9 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.1080/02786826.2012.685114 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950ST UT WOS:000304670000004 ER PT J AU Wu, W Ding, Y Wei, W Davis, RE Lee, IM Hammond, RW Zhao, Y AF Wu, W. Ding, Y. Wei, W. Davis, R. E. Lee, I. -M. Hammond, R. W. Zhao, Y. TI Salicylic acid-mediated elicitation of tomato defence against infection by potato purple top phytoplasma SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Infection rate; phytoplasma resistance; potato purple top disease; symptom reduction ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; WRKY70 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MULTIPLE STRESS TOLERANCE; REAL-TIME PCR; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLANT DEFENSE; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS AB Recent outbreaks and continued spread of diseases caused by phytoplasmas in potato, tomato and other vegetable crops in the USA accentuates the need for practical strategies to mitigate the impact of the phytoplasmal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) on healthy tomato seedlings would enhance the plants' defence against a subsequent potato purple top (PPT) phytoplasma infection. Our results showed that a twice-applied SA pretreatment, at 4 and 2 days before phytoplasma inoculation, significantly decreased the rate of PPT phytoplasma infection and reduced disease symptoms. At 40?days postinoculation (dpi), while 94% of the PPT phytoplasma-inoculated control plants exhibited characteristic PPT symptoms, 53% of the SA-pretreated, PPT phytoplasma-inoculated plants remained symptom-free with no molecular evidence of phytoplasma infection. The remaining 47% of SA-treated plants became infected, but symptoms were much milder and the average phytoplasma titre was more than 300 times lower compared with that in control plants. Real-time qRT-PCR assays revealed that SA-pretreatment caused transcriptional reprogramming of three defence-related genes. Up-regulations of a WRKY-type transcriptional factor gene (LeWRKY1) and a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene (LeMPK3) in an early stage following graft inoculation, and a sustained higher level expression of a downstream pathogenesis-related protein gene (LePRP1), were observed in SA-pretreated, PPT phytoplasma-inoculated plants. With the dosage and treatment regime implemented in this study, no noticeable phytotoxic effects or other negative impact on vegetative growth or reproductive development was observed in SA-treated plants throughout our experiment. Our findings encourage field trials of SA pretreatment as a possible approach to protect crops from phytoplasmal diseases. C1 [Wu, W.; Ding, Y.; Wei, W.; Davis, R. E.; Lee, I. -M.; Hammond, R. W.; Zhao, Y.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wei, W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), SDA Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, BARC W, Room 213,Bldg 004,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2012 VL 161 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00550.x PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 954YU UT WOS:000304984900006 ER PT J AU Nissinen, AI Lemmetty, A Pihlava, JM Jauhiainen, L Munyaneza, JE Vanhala, P AF Nissinen, A. I. Lemmetty, A. Pihlava, J. -M. Jauhiainen, L. Munyaneza, J. E. Vanhala, P. TI Effects of carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) feeding on carrot yield and content of sugars and phenolic compounds SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'; Daucus carota; leaf discolouration; phenolic compounds; reflectance; sugars; Trioza apicalis ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM; ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE; BACTERICERA-COCKERELLI SULC; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DAUCUS-CAROTA L.; HEMIPTERA TRIOZIDAE; FORSTER HOMOPTERA; SENSORY QUALITY; AMINO-ACIDS; 1ST REPORT AB Carrot psyllid, Trioza apicalis, is a serious pest of carrot in Northern Europe, as it can significantly damage young carrot seedlings in a period as short as 3 days. This study was conducted to investigate effects of carrot psyllid feeding at different plant growth stages on carrot yield and to assess changes in content of sugars, phenolics and related compounds in carrot roots resulting from the psyllid feeding. In addition, reflectance of carrot leaves was measured to assess the intensity of discolouration in damaged leaves. Results showed that carrot yield was significantly reduced by a 3-day carrot psyllid feeding period when the seedlings were exposed to psyllids at 1- or 2-leaf stage. However, at 4-leaf stage feeding by one carrot psyllid did not reduce yield. Sucrose concentration in the damaged roots was significantly decreased, whereas concentrations of some phenolic compounds were significantly increased. The reflectance of leaves of damaged carrots differed significantly from those of undamaged control leaves. These observations indicate that carrot psyllid damage has potential to lower not only the carrot yield, but also the carrot crop quality. No phytoplasma was detected in the carrots exposed to psyllids, but recently, T. apicalis has been associated with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum. The role of carrot psyllid feeding and the psyllid-associated bacterium in the damage formation are discussed. C1 [Nissinen, A. I.; Lemmetty, A.; Jauhiainen, L.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Plant Prod Res, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. [Pihlava, J. -M.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Biotechnol & Food Res, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. [Munyaneza, J. E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Vanhala, P.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Hort, Piikkio 21500, Finland. RP Nissinen, AI (reprint author), MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Plant Prod Res, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. EM anne.nissinen@mtt.fi FU Maiju ja Yrjo Rikalan Puutarhasaatio; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MTT) [21040069] FX We thank Timo Jaska, Outi Jarvinen, Senja Rasanen and Timo Vaatainen for their technical assistance and Pirjo Rantamaki from MTT Biotechnology and Food Research for the possibility to use the spectrophotometer. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was partly funded by a grant from Maiju ja Yrjo Rikalan Puutarhasaatio and partly by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MTT's project number 21040069). NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2012 VL 161 IS 1 BP 68 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00551.x PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 954YU UT WOS:000304984900009 ER PT J AU Codling, EE Raja, AW AF Codling, Eton E. Raja, Akanksha W. TI Long-Term Effects of Fluidized Bed Combustion Material Applied at Disposal Levels on Soil Properties SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Coal by-products; metals; nutrients ID BY-PRODUCTS; PHOSPHORUS; TOXICITY; GROWTH; LITTER; ASH AB This study was conducted to assess changes in soil properties of a soil that received a one-time application (360 Mg ha(-1)) of fluidized bed combustion material (FBCM) 23 years earlier. Soil samples were taken at three depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). Samples were also collected from an adjacent field with the same soil type for control. Hot nitric acid and Mehlich 3 extractions were used for total and extractable elements. Analyses indicated improvement in soil physical and chemical properties after 23 years of FBCM application. For example at the 20- to 30-cm depth, soil pH values increased from 4.9 to 7.7, whereas calcium concentrations increased from 0.23 to 1.52 g kg(-1) with FBCM amendment. In most cases, metal concentrations were less with FBCM amendment. Results from this study demonstrated that soil physical and chemical improvements from FBCM were maintained even 23 years after an extremely high application of FBCM. C1 [Codling, Eton E.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Raja, Akanksha W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave Beltsville, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM eton.codling@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1720 EP 1731 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.681743 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 954BZ UT WOS:000304921900010 ER PT J AU Budy, P Wood, S Roper, B AF Budy, Phaedra Wood, Sara Roper, Brett TI A Study of the Spawning Ecology and Early Life History Survival of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BULL TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; REDD COUNTS; MIGRATION PATTERNS; CHINOOK SALMON; GOLDEN TROUT; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; TRIBUTARY AB We completed a large-scale field experiment in four tributaries of the Logan River, Utah, where the largest metapopulation of imperiled Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah persists. We documented the spatial and temporal distributions of spawners, quantified substrate use versus substrate availability, and evaluated differences in hatch and emergence fry success between and among sites in relation to habitat characteristics. We observed considerable variability in the timing, magnitude, and duration of spawning among study areas (streams), in part as a function of a variable, multipeaked hydrograph. Nevertheless, across study areas, >70% of redds were constructed on the final descending limb of the hydrograph. Despite large differences in the amount of spawning substrate available, Bonneville cutthroat trout utilized a narrow range of substrate and sizes (3-80 mm) similar to that utilized by other subspecies of cutthroat trout, albeit biased towards larger sizes. Water temperatures generally remained below the recommended range (6-17 degrees C) for spawning; however, the viability of this metapopulation of cutthroat trout suggests that the recommended temperature range for spawning is overestimated for this subspecies and (or) does not account for local thermal adaptation. Hatch varied from 43% to 77% and emergence survival from 39% to 65% among streams, and within-stream variability was substantial; both survival rates declined significantly as a function of increased fine sediment concentrations. Egg development rates were nearly 50% greater in a high-elevation tributary where redd counts were also lowest. In high, mountain systems with short growing seasons, this incubation delay likely presents a significant growth disadvantage for age-0 trout. Our research enhances our understanding of Bonneville cutthroat trout spawning ecology and early survival and provides critical information for aiding in the development of benchmarks for their recovery. Effective conservation efforts should be directed towards minimizing anthropogenic activities that result in excess sedimentation in their critical spawning tributaries. C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roper, Brett] US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu FU U.S. Forest Service, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources [F-47-R] FX This research was primarily funded by the U.S. Forest Service, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Project XII, Sport Fisheries Research, Grant Number F-47-R, Segment 20 and in-kind support from the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Special thanks to Gary Thiede for providing technical advice and logistical oversight of our field crews, and graduate students in the Fish Ecology Laboratory at Utah State University. Susan Durham provided statistical advice and assistance and Christy Meredith assisted with GIS and graphical issues. We would also like to thank David Koons and Jeremiah Wood for intellectual and field contributions; a long list of seasonal technicians also assisted with fieldwork. Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 436 EP 449 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675945 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 951AQ UT WOS:000304693400003 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG Allen, CS Morey, S Shively, D White, R AF Marcot, Bruce G. Allen, Chris S. Morey, Steve Shively, Dan White, Rollie TI An Expert Panel Approach to Assessing Potential Effects of Bull Trout Reintroduction on Federally Listed Salmonids in the Clackamas River, Oregon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; KNOWLEDGE; JUDGMENT; SYSTEM AB The bull trout Salvelinus confluentus is an apex predator in native fish communities in the western USA and is listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Restoration of this species has raised concerns over its potential predatory impacts on native fish fauna. We held a five-person expert panel to help determine potential impacts of reintroducing bull trout into the Clackamas River, northwest Oregon, on the viability of four anadromous salmonid populations that are listed as threatened under the ESA: spring and fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and winter steelhead O. mykiss. The panel session was rigorously structured and used a modified Delphi process with structured expert elicitation, disclosure, discussion, and brainstorming. Each panelist distributed 100 score points among seven categories of potential bull trout impact (from no impact to very high impact) on extinction probabilities for the anadromous salmonids. Results were provided by individual panelists rather than as a group consensus and were summarized as means and variations in scores to express the panelists' individual uncertainty, variability among the panelists, and expected differences among the affected salmonids. Score results suggested that panelists viewed the potential impact of bull trout as very low or moderately low for spring Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and winter steelhead and mostly none to very low for fall Chinook salmon. Panelists also provided 19 possible monitoring activities and 21 possible management actions for assessing potential impacts and taking remedial action if bull trout are found to have unacceptable adverse effects. Results of the panel were used by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service to help craft and execute a plan to reintroduce bull trout into the Clackamas River system under the ESA. This rigorous expert panel process can be used for a wide range of evaluations in situations where empirical data are sparse or ecological interactions are too complex for explicit analytic solution. C1 [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Allen, Chris S.; White, Rollie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Morey, Steve; Shively, Dan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM brucem@spiritone.com FU USFWS; U.S. Forest Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; PGE; NOAA-Fisheries; Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation; U.S. Geological Survey FX Success of the workshop was largely due to the contributions and participation of the five expert panelists-Dave Beauchamp, Jason Dunham, Kathryn Kostow, Paul McElhany, and Michael Meeuwig-and the management support provided by Chris Wheaton (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), Paul Henson and Miel Corbett (USFWS), and Gary Larson (U. S. Forest Service). Agencies and institutions that sponsored and contributed to the success of this workshop included the USFWS, U.S. Forest Service, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, PGE, NOAA-Fisheries, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation, and U.S. Geological Survey. We also extend our thanks to the following invited speakers for their presentations: Todd Alsbury, Doug Cramer, Dave Beauchamp, and Jason Dunham. A workshop final report (including the full agenda, invitation letter, project question-and-answer sheet, panelist explanatory notes, and other details) is available from the senior author upon request. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 450 EP 465 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675959 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 951AQ UT WOS:000304693400004 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Winters, C Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Doniec, M Detweiler, C Rus, D James, D Nolen, B AF Anderson, Dean M. Winters, Craig Estell, Rick E. Fredrickson, Ed L. Doniec, Marek Detweiler, Carrick Rus, Daniela James, Darren Nolen, Barbara TI Characterising the spatial and temporal activities of free-ranging cows from GPS data SO RANGELAND JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE foraging; geospatial data; livestock; travel; weaning behaviour ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; EARLY SEPARATION; ACTIVITY SENSORS; TELEMETRY DATA; CATTLE; SELECTION; ACCURACY; MOVEMENT; PASTURE AB Electronic tracking provides a unique way to document behaviour by cows on a continuous basis. Over 2 years 17 beef cows with calves were fitted with global positioning system (GPS) devices programmed to record uncorrected GPS locations at 1-s intervals in a semi-desert rangeland. Each cow was periodically observed during daylight hours and foraging, walking and stationary (standing/lying) activity times were recorded across days and individual cows to calculate a mean travel rate for each activity. Data without observers present were collected immediately preceding and following the abrupt weaning of calves at between 223 and 234 days of age to evaluate the potential of classifying various travel rates into foraging, walking and stationary activity. The three activities were further characterised within a 24-h period based on the sun's angle with respect to the horizon. Only data from cows whose equipment acquired >= 90% of the potential GPS positional data among consecutive days were analysed. Due to problems with the equipment, data from two cows in 2009 and two cows in 2011 met these criteria. The interval evaluated consisted of four 24-h periods before abrupt weaning and seven 24-h periods following weaning. Results suggested that uncorrected 1-s positional GPS data are satisfactory to classify the behaviour by free-ranging beef cows into foraging, walking and stationary activities. Furthermore, abrupt weaning caused cows to change their spatial and temporal behaviour across and within days. Overall, travel by cows increased post-weaning with subtle within-day behavioural changes. Further research will be required to fully understand the biological importance of spatio-temporal behaviour to optimise cattle and landscape management goals. C1 [Anderson, Dean M.; Winters, Craig; Estell, Rick E.; James, Darren; Nolen, Barbara] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Fredrickson, Ed L.] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Agr, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Doniec, Marek; Rus, Daniela] Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Detweiler, Carrick] Univ Nebraska, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM deanders@nmsu.edu FU NSF [IIS-0513628] FX The use of animals in this research during the spring of 2009 and 2011 was approved under New Mexico State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols 2007-001 and 2011-008. The authors wish to express thanks to Mr Roy Libeau (retired) USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Mr Alfredo Gonzalez, USDA-ARS-JER and Mr Anthony Aglieri, student technician. Financial assistance was provided in part by NSF grant IIS-0513628. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 36 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1036-9872 EI 1834-7541 J9 RANGELAND J JI Rangeland J. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1071/RJ11062 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952DG UT WOS:000304769700003 ER PT J AU McLain, R Poe, M Hurley, PT Lecompte-Mastenbrook, J Emery, MR AF McLain, Rebecca Poe, Melissa Hurley, Patrick T. Lecompte-Mastenbrook, Joyce Emery, Marla R. TI Producing edible landscapes in Seattle's urban forest SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Green infrastructure; Urban ecosystems; Urban food production; Urban forestry; Urban planning AB Over the next decades, green infrastructure initiatives such as tree planting campaigns, and ecological restoration will dramatically change the species composition, species distribution and structure of urban forests across the United States. These impending changes are accompanied by a demand for urban public spaces where people can engage in practices such as gleaning, gardening, and livestock production. This article analyzes the institutional framework that undergirds efforts in Seattle, Washington to normalize the production and use of edible landscapes. We focus attention on the role of grassroots fruit gleaning groups and highlight their bridging function between Seattle's agriculture and forestry policy arenas, creating an entry point for re-conceptualizing urban forests as sites of production. We conclude that a vision of urban forests as providers of goods as well as services may provide a more solid foundation for achieving urban sustainability than the current "hands off" approach to urban forest management. Gleaning and gathering in urban wild and cultivated landscapes provides opportunities for inhabitants to steward public natural resources and interact deeply with nature. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [McLain, Rebecca; Poe, Melissa] Inst Culture & Ecol, Portland, OR 97228 USA. [Hurley, Patrick T.] Ursinus Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Collegeville, PA USA. [Lecompte-Mastenbrook, Joyce] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Emery, Marla R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. RP McLain, R (reprint author), Inst Culture & Ecol, POB 6688, Portland, OR 97228 USA. EM mclain@ifcae.org NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.12.002 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 950HS UT WOS:000304640800011 ER PT J AU Durairaj, V Clark, FD Coon, CC Huff, WE Okimoto, R Huff, GR Rath, NC AF Durairaj, V. Clark, F. D. Coon, C. C. Huff, W. E. Okimoto, R. Huff, G. R. Rath, N. C. TI Effects of high fat diets or prednisolone treatment on femoral head separation in chickens SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BROILER-CHICKENS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; EARLY NUTRITION; OSTEONECROSIS; POULTRY; MECHANISMS; BONE; ABNORMALITIES; METABOLISM AB 1. The effects of high fat diets and prednisolone treatment were studied to understand the etiology of femoral head separation (FHS) in fast growing broiler chickens. Dietary effects on production parameters such as growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood chemistry were also measured. 2. Three groups of chickens, consisting of 30 birds each, in two replicate pens, were fed isonitrogenous diets containing 40 (control), 60, or 80 g poultry fat supplements per kg feed. The birds were fed a starter diet containing the fat supplements for the first three weeks, then switched to a grower diet containing the same supplements for the rest of the experimental period. Two groups of birds were also raised with the control diets, but were administered either cholesterol or prednisolone intramuscularly at 30 and 32 days of age to evaluate their effects on FHS incidences. 3. The chickens were euthanised and necropsied at 37 d of age. The presence of femoral head weakness was determined by applying mild pressure on the pelvic joint to cause the growth plate to become detached from its articular cartilage in affected cases. 4. High fat diets did not change FHS incidences, but increased 28 d body weights (BW) and FCR. At 37 d of age the BW differences were not significant but the FCR (gain: feed ratio) remained higher in high fat fed groups. Prednisolone treatment, by contrast, resulted in decreased BW, decreased feed efficiency, increased FHS index, and elevated blood lipid levels. 5. The results suggest that high dietary fats do not affect FHS incidence in broilers. Prednisolone treatment causes hyperlipidaemia and increases FHS index, and may therefore provide a suitable experimental model of FHS pathogenesis in growing chickens. C1 [Rath, N. C.] Univ Arkansas, ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA,Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Durairaj, V.; Clark, F. D.; Coon, C. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Okimoto, R.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, USDA,Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov FU Cobb-Vantress Inc. (Siloam Springs, AR) FX We thank Scott Zornes, Sonia Tsai, and Dana Bassi for their technical assistance. This study was partly supported by a grant from Cobb-Vantress Inc. (Siloam Springs, AR). NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1080/00071668.2012.675429 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 949RF UT WOS:000304592800007 PM 22646785 ER PT S AU Yadav, MP Moreau, RA Hick, KB AF Yadav, M. P. Moreau, R. A. Hick, K. B. BE Williams, PA Phillips, GO TI PRODUCTION OF CORN FIBER GUM UNDER CONDITIONS THAT RETAIN ITS FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS SO GUMS AND STABILISERS FOR THE FOOD INDUSTRY 16 SE Royal Society of Chemistry Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2011 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS SP Biopolymer Solut, Campden BRI, Cargill, CP Kelco, Cyber Colloids, Danisco, Elsevier, Kerry Food & Beverage, FMC, Mars, Natl Starch & Chen, Pepsico, Phillips Hydrocolloids Res Ctr, Unilever, Woodhead Publishing Ltd ID MAIZE BRAN; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; ACIDS; EXTRACTION; IDENTIFICATION; HEMICELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; WHEAT; OIL; RYE C1 [Yadav, M. P.; Moreau, R. A.; Hick, K. B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 978-1-84973-455-4 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2012 IS 335 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BAK58 UT WOS:000304439100006 ER PT S AU Leakey, ADB Ainsworth, EA Bernacchi, CJ Zhu, XG Long, SP Ort, DR AF Leakey, Andrew D. B. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Bernacchi, Carl J. Zhu, Xinguang Long, Stephen P. Ort, Donald R. BE EatonRye, JJ Tripathy, BC Sharkey, TD TI Photosynthesis in a CO2-Rich Atmosphere SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS: PLASTID BIOLOGY, ENERGY CONVERSION AND CARBON ASSIMILATION SE Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA L.; RUBISCO SPECIFICITY FACTOR; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; C-4 CEREAL SORGHUM; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS AB The concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) in the atmosphere is projected to exceed 550 ppm by 2050. C-3 plants respond directly to growth at elevated [CO2] by stimulation of photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance. The stimulation of photosynthesis is the result of increased velocity of carboxylation of CO2 by Rubisco and inhibition of the competing oxygenation reaction. Long-term exposure of C-3 plants to elevated [CO2] can also lead to photosynthetic acclimation in which allocation of resources to components of the photosynthetic machinery, including Rubisco, is altered to optimize metabolic efficiency. The decrease in stomatal conductance that occurs in all plants at elevated [CO2] can reduce canopy water use and indirectly enhance carbon gain by ameliorating drought stress. However, canopy micrometeorology constrains reductions in water use at the whole-plant level compared to the leaf level. C-4 photosynthesis is not directly stimulated by free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) of CO2 in the field. However, reduced water use can indirectly enhance carbon gain by ameliorating stress in times and places of drought. There are commonalities and important distinctions between plant responses to growth at elevated [CO2] under FACE versus controlled environment chambers. In FACE experiments: (1) the enhancement of photosynthesis and productivity by elevated [CO2] is sustained over time; (2) the decrease in carboxylation capacity and leaf N characteristic of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO2] is consistent with an optimization of metabolic efficiency rather than a general down-regulation of metabolism, and (3) the enhancement effect of elevated [CO2] is greatest for photosynthesis, intermediate for biomass accumulation, and lowest for crop yield. Plant responses to elevated [CO2] have the potential to influence the global carbon cycle and climate in the future, but the complexity of scaling from the leaf to whole plant, canopy, ecosystem and biosphere make it unclear to what extent this will be realized. Elevated [CO2] will probably offset some of the future losses in crop yield caused by increased temperature and drought stress, but not to the extent previously thought. Expanding FACE experimentation to consider multiple elements of global change across a wider geographic range and more ecosystem types should be a priority if we are to minimize the problems, and maximize the benefits, of climate change impacts on ecosystem good and services. C1 [Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Biol, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Long, Stephen P.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhu, Xinguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Plant Syst Biol Grp, Inst Computat Biol, Max Planck Soc Germany, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Biol, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@illinois.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 223 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0233 BN 978-94-007-1578-3 J9 ADV PHOTOSYNTH RESP JI Adv. Photo. Respirat. PY 2012 VL 34 BP 733 EP 768 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1579-0_29 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1579-0 PG 36 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BAG91 UT WOS:000304125200029 ER PT J AU Jansky, S Hamernik, A Cai, X AF Jansky, S. Hamernik, A. Cai, X. TI Rapid cycling with true potato seed SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBER DORMANCY; SOLANUM; GERMINATION; QUALITY; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; GIBBERELLIN; MATURATION; GENETICS; YIELD AB Rapid generation cycling via true seed production can increase the efficiency of potato breeding programmes and genetics studies. This study was carried out to determine the fruit ripening and seed treatment conditions needed for generating true potato seed (TPS) with a high germination rate in a short period of time. The speed of germination and the total final percent germination of TPS derived from Solanum tuberosum was faster and higher than that derived from the wild species S. chacoense. Seed germination was enhanced when TPS was sown without drying and after treatment with gibberellic acid (GA(3)). The development of TPS in fruit on the vine for three weeks and then off the vine for two weeks is recommended for rapid cycling of TPS. C1 [Jansky, S.; Cai, X.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Jansky, S.; Hamernik, A.] ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Cai, X.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Forestry Sci, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Cai, X (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu; hamernik@facstaff.wisc.edu; caixingkui@webmail.hzau.edu.cn NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 948RD UT WOS:000304519400005 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Fan, YM Gao, JM Stark, NM AF Chen, Yao Fan, Yongming Gao, Jianmin Stark, Nicole M. TI THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE CHEMICAL AND COLOR CHANGE OF BLACK LOCUST (ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA) WOOD FLOUR SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Heat treatment; Chemical changes; Discoloration; Wood; DRUV; FTIR-ATR ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; TREATED WOOD; LIGNIN; FTIR; CONDENSATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRACTIVES; HARDWOODS; SOFTWOOD; SPECTRA AB The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen and moisture content (MC) on the chemical and color changes of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood during heat treatment. The wood flour was conditioned to different initial MCs and heated for 24 h at a constant temperature of 120 degrees C in either oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere. The pH values and chromaticity indexes were examined. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis (DRUV) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to characterize the changes of chromophores upon heating. The study demonstrated that the pH values decreased after heat treatment, and it was lower when the heat treated was in oxygen than in nitrogen. The L* decreased significantly, while a* and b* increased. The total color difference Delta E* increased with increasing initial MC until a plateau was reached after 30% MC. The color change was greater in oxygen than in nitrogen. The hydroxyl groups decreased after heat treatment. The releases of acid and formation of quinoid compounds and carboxylic groups during heat treatment were confirmed. Discoloration of wood is due mainly to the condensation and oxidation reactions, which are accelerated by oxygen. Higher MCs are required to obtain the greatest color change of wood in inert atmosphere. C1 [Chen, Yao; Fan, Yongming; Gao, Jianmin] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Stark, Nicole M.] ARS, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Fan, YM (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM fanym@bjfu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070490] FX The National Natural Science Foundation of China is thanked for financial support to undertake this research (Series number of the project: 31070490). NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1157 EP 1170 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 942JV UT WOS:000304041200092 ER PT J AU Segerholm, BK Ibach, RE Walinder, MEP AF Segerholm, B. Kristoffer Ibach, Rebecca E. Walinder, Magnus E. P. TI MOISTURE SORPTION IN ARTIFICIALLY AGED WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Wood-plastic composites; Acetylation; Artificial ageing; Moisture sorption; Diffusion; High-density polyethylene; Scanning electron microscopy AB Moisture sorption in wood-plastic composites (WPCs) affects their durability and dimensional stability. In certain outdoor exposures, the moisture properties of WPCs are altered due to e. g. cracks induced by swelling and shrinkage of the components, as well as UV degradation or biological attack. The aim of this work was to study the effect of different artificial ageing routes on the moisture sorption properties of WPCs. Extruded WPCs were prepared with either unmodified or acetylated wood and recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The WPC samples were artificially aged involving water soaking, artificial weathering, and white-or brown-rot decay in different combinations. After the ageing, the samples were conditioned in either 65% or 90% relative humidity (RH) until equilibrium moisture content was reached. A dynamic moisture sorption analyzer was used to monitor the sorption rate of samples subjected to a climate change from 65% to 90% RH. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of the aged composites. Results showed that the artificial weathering caused cracking of the HDPE matrix at the composite surface, as well as a wood-matrix debonding, resulting in an increased moisture sorption rate. The WPC samples subjected to white-rot decay showed the highest moisture sorption rate. C1 [Segerholm, B. Kristoffer; Walinder, Magnus E. P.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Div Bldg Mat, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Segerholm, B. Kristoffer; Walinder, Magnus E. P.] SP Tech Res Inst Sweden, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ibach, Rebecca E.] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Segerholm, BK (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Div Bldg Mat, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM kristoffer.segerholm@byv.kth.se OI Segerholm, Kristoffer/0000-0001-7014-6230 FU EcoBuild (VINNOVA, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and the Knowledge Foundation) FX Financial support from EcoBuild (VINNOVA, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and the Knowledge Foundation) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1283 EP 1293 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 942JV UT WOS:000304041200101 ER PT J AU Brauer, D Brauer, DE Looper, ML Burner, D Pote, DH Moore, PA AF Brauer, David Brauer, Diana E. Looper, Mike L. Burner, David Pote, Dan H. Moore, Philip A., Jr. TI Effects of the Establishment of a Forested Riparian Buffer and Grazing on Soil Characteristics SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Conservation buffers; soil bulk density; soil phosphorus ID SURFACE RUNOFF; POULTRY LITTER; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; DAIRY PASTURE; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT AB Poultry-litter applications to pastures can result in relatively high soil phosphorus (P) levels, which in turn can contaminate runoff and degrade surface water quality. New management protocols for temperate grasslands are needed to reduce the risk of P transport to surface water. The effects of three land-use treatments on soil characteristics related to P runoff were investigated using small watersheds with 8% slope near Booneville, Arkansas, U.S. The land use treatments were (1) haying of bermudagrass overseeded with winter annual forage (ryegrass or rye), (2) rotationally grazed, and (3) rotationally grazed with 12-m-wide tree buffer on the downhill portion of the plot. Plots and trees were established in 2003. Annual spring application of poultry litter (5.6 Mg ha(-1)) to the hayed or grazed portions of the plots was started in 2004. Grazing treatments were imposed shortly thereafter. By the summer of 2008 (4 years of treatments), soil concentrations of Bray 1-extractable P and soluble reactive P had increased significantly from approximately 40 and 4 mg P kg(-1) soil, respectively, to more than 200 and 30 mg P kg(-1) soil, respectively, in the areas of the plots receiving poultry litter. Soil bulk density in the portions of the plots being grazed had increased significantly also. The soil collected from the forested riparian buffer in 2008 had similar soil bulk densities and Bray 1-extractable P concentrations as the plots did in 2003 before treatments were imposed. C1 [Brauer, Diana E.; Looper, Mike L.; Burner, David; Pote, Dan H.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. [Moore, Philip A., Jr.] ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Brauer, David] ARS, Conservat & Prod Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), ARS, CPRL, USDA, 2300 Expt Stn Dr,PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM david.brauer@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1332 EP 1343 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.666307 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 945MK UT WOS:000304277700008 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC Melo, LC de Oliveira, JP AF Fageria, N. K. Baligar, V. C. Melo, L. C. de Oliveira, J. P. TI Differential Soil Acidity Tolerance of Dry Bean Genotypes SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Grain harvest index; grain yield; Phaseolus vulgaris L; shoot dry weight ID LOWLAND RICE; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; USE-EFFICIENCY; YIELD AB Soil acidity is a major yield-limiting factors for bean production in the tropical regions. Using soil acidity-tolerant genotypes is an important strategy in improving bean yields and reducing cost of production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating 20 dry bean genotypes for their tolerance to soil acidity constraints. An Inceptisol soil was amended with dolomitic lime (2 g dolomitic lime kg(-1) soil) to achieve low acidity (pH = 5.9) and without lime (zero lime kg(-1) soil,) to achieve high acidity (pH = 4.8) levels to evaluate bean genotypes. At both acidity levels, genotypes differed significantly in shoot dry weight and grain yield. Shoot dry weight and grain yield were significantly decreased at the high acidity level compared to the low acidity level. Grain yield was more sensitive to soil acidity than shoot dry weight. Hence, grain yield was used in determination of tolerance index (GTI) to differentiate the range of soil acidity tolerance among bean genotypes. Based on a GTI value, 55% of the genotypes were classified as tolerant, 40% classified as moderately tolerant, and the remaining were grouped as susceptible to soil acidity. The genotype CNFC 10410 was most tolerant and genotype CNFP 10120 was most susceptible to soil acidity. Number of pods and grain harvest index were significantly and positively associated with grain yield. The improvement in grain yield in low acidity may be related to reduction of toxic levels of soil aluminum (Al3+) and hydrogen (H+) ions by lime addition. At harvest, soil extractable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) increased with the reduction of soil acidity, and this might have contributed to the better nutrition of beans and lead to higher growth. C1 [Fageria, N. K.; Melo, L. C.; de Oliveira, J. P.] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. [Baligar, V. C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. EM fageria@cnpaf.embrapa.br NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1523 EP 1531 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.675389 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 946CT UT WOS:000304327800003 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Timlin, DJ Fleisher, DH Lokhande, SB Chun, JA Kim, SH Staver, K Reddy, VR AF Yang, Yang Timlin, Dennis J. Fleisher, David H. Lokhande, Suresh B. Chun, Jong A. Kim, Soo-Hyung Staver, Kenneth Reddy, V. R. TI Nitrogen Concentration and Dry-Matter Accumulation in Maize Crop: Assessing Maize Nitrogen Status with an Allometric Function and a Chlorophyll Meter SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll meter; growth; leaf; maize; nitrogen status diagnosis ID ZEA-MAYS L.; LEAF NITROGEN; DILUTION CURVE; CORN; IRRADIANCE; EVALUATE; WHEAT; FIELD AB The ability to determine the optimal nitrogen (N) content in maize plants needed to obtain maximum growth is important to the management of the crop. It has been shown that N content declines as a function of aboveground biomass accumulation (W): [N] = 3.4W(-0.37). The goal of this study is to evaluate the applicability of relating chlorophyll meter readings with the optimal N content relationship to provide a tool for whole-plant N-status diagnosis in maize without the necessity of measuring N content. Biomass of shoot and specific organs, N concentration, and chlorophyll meter measurement of specific leaves were measured over several sites and years. Nitrogen-concentration measurements indicated that whole-plant N status can be represented by the N concentration of the topmost fully expanded leaf. A quantitative relationship between N concentration and chlorophyll meter measurement on the uppermost expanded leaf was established and validated. C1 [Yang, Yang; Timlin, Dennis J.; Fleisher, David H.; Reddy, V. R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yang, Yang] DOW Agrosci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Lokhande, Suresh B.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS USA. [Chun, Jong A.] APEC Climate Ctr, U Dong, Haeundae Gu Bus, South Korea. [Kim, Soo-Hyung] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Staver, Kenneth] Univ Maryland, Wye Res Ctr, Queenstown, MD USA. RP Timlin, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dennis.Timlin@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1563 EP 1575 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.675393 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 946CT UT WOS:000304327800007 ER PT J AU Shea, C Jamieson, B Birkeland, KW AF Shea, C. Jamieson, B. Birkeland, K. W. TI Use of a thermal imager for snow pit temperatures SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID LAYER FORMATION; MODEL; AVALANCHES; CRYSTALS; GRADIENT AB Weak snow of interest to avalanche forecasting often forms and changes as thin layers. Thermometers, the current field technology for measuring the temperature gradients across such layers - and for thus estimating the expected vapour flux and future type of crystal metamorphism - are difficult to use at distances shorter than 1 cm. In contrast, a thermal imager can provide thousands of simultaneous temperature measurements across small distances with better accuracy. However, a thermal imager only senses the exposed surface, complicating its methods for access and accuracy of buried temperatures. This paper presents methods for exposing buried layers on pit walls and using a thermal imager to measure temperatures on these walls, correct for lens effects with snow, adjust temperature gradients, adjust time exposed, and calculate temperature gradients over millimetre distances. We find lens error on temperature gradients to be on the order of 0.03 A degrees C between image centre and corners. We find temperature gradient change over time to usually decrease - as expected with atmospheric equalization as a strong effect. Case studies including thermal images and visual macro photographs of crystals, collected during the 2010-2011 winter, demonstrate large temperature differences over millimetre-scale distances that are consistent with observed kinetic metamorphism. Further study is needed to use absolute temperatures independently of supporting gradient data. C1 [Shea, C.; Jamieson, B.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Jamieson, B.] Univ Calgary, Dept Civil Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Birkeland, K. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Shea, C (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM cashea@ucalgary.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; HeliCat Canada; Canadian Avalanche Association; Mike Wiegele Helicopter Skiing; Teck Mining Company; Canada West Ski Areas Association; Association of Canadian Mountain Guides; Back-country Lodges of British Columbia; Canadian Ski Guides Association FX For financial support, the authors thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, HeliCat Canada, the Canadian Avalanche Association, Mike Wiegele Helicopter Skiing, Teck Mining Company, Canada West Ski Areas Association, the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides, Back-country Lodges of British Columbia, and the Canadian Ski Guides Association. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2012 VL 6 IS 2 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.5194/tc-6-287-2012 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 942QN UT WOS:000304062100004 ER PT J AU Prakash, B Pan, ZL AF Prakash, Bhagwati Pan, Zhongli TI Effect of Geometry of Rice Kernels on Drying Modeling Results SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grain shape; Mathematical modeling; Rice; Shrinkage ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; ROUGH RICE; MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY; COMPONENTS; GRAIN AB Geometry of rice grain is commonly represented by sphere, spheroid, or ellipsoid shapes in the drying models. Models using simpler shapes are easy to solve mathematically; however, deviation from the true grain shape might lead to large errors in predictions of drying characteristics such as moisture content (MC) and moisture gradients (MG). This research was undertaken to determine the impact of such shape considerations on prediction of drying characteristics. Impact of shrinkage of grains caused by drying was also investigated. Three separate mathematical models, each representing rice grain by sphere, spheroid, and ellipsoid shapes, were developed to describe the drying process. These models were solved by the finite element method using Comsol Multiphysics (R) simulation program. Drying simulations showed important differences in predictions of MC and MG in these three models. The sphere-shaped model predicted a slower drying than the spheroid-and ellipsoid-shaped models, whose MC predictions were similar. In all three models, maximum moisture gradients (MMG) were observed along the shortest axis in the bran region. During drying, MMG increases, reaches a peak, and then decreases. Magnitude and onset of peak of MMG were different in the three models. These differences in drying predictions among the three models make it important to use the appropriate shape to represent the rice grain in mathematical models. Ellipsoid shape, which closely resembles geometry of the rice grain, was found to be the most suitable. Reliable MG predictions from such ellipsoid-shaped models could be correlated to grain fissuring, which thereafter can be employed to optimize the drying process. The impact of shrinkage of rice grains during drying on model predictions is very small. In any drying simulation, maximum error due to neglecting shrinkage would be less than 5% of total moisture loss value. C1 [Prakash, Bhagwati; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov FU California Rice Research Board FX We thank the California Rice Research Board for providing partial financial support for this research. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 8 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1080/07373937.2012.665112 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 945WI UT WOS:000304306700001 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, Chris M. TI Zearalenone occurrence in surface waters in central Illinois, USA SO FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE LA English DT Article DE zearalenone; resorcylic acid lactones; water; environment ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ESTROGENIC MYCOTOXIN; QUANTIFICATION; PHYTOESTROGENS; METABOLITES; EXPOSURE; STREAMS; SEWAGE; FISH AB Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic secondary metabolite produced by certain fungi that commonly infest important cereal crops. The ability of ZEN to move from contaminated crops to surface waters has been demonstrated previously. This article reports the development and application of a method for the measurement of ZEN in surface waters from the central part of Illinois, USA. The method uses a cleanup procedure based on tandem reverse-phase disks and immunoaffinity columns, separation by liquid chromatography and detection by a combination of absorbance and fluorescence. ZEN was frequently found in samples of waters from lakes, streams and a field ditch. Although the frequency of detection was high (32% above the limit of detection, 0.4 ng L-1), the levels found were low, with the highest sample having 5.7 ng L-1. Therefore, although fungi can contribute to the exposure to environmental estrogens, the contribution from zearalenone in water is likely small. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1939-3210 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM B JI Food Addit. Contam. Part B-Surveill. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1080/19393210.2012.659764 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 947TS UT WOS:000304454500010 PM 24779696 ER PT J AU Poinar, G Thomas, DB AF Poinar, George, Jr. Thomas, Donald B. TI A stink bug, Edessa protera sp n. (Pentatomidae: Edessinae) in Mexican amber SO HISTORICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stink bug; Pentatomidae; Mexican amber; Tertiary fossil AB A new species of stink bug, Edessa protera sp. n. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae) is described from Mexican amber. Diagnostic characters include: an anterior thin but strongly carinate mesosternum, a scutellum with a long tongue and obtuse apex, alternate connexiva and the configuration of the terminalia. This is the first description of a fossil pentatomid in amber and the first fossil stink bug from the Neotropics. C1 [Poinar, George, Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thomas, Donald B.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Poinar, G (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0891-2963 J9 HIST BIOL JI Hist. Biol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1080/08912963.2011.602403 PG 5 WC Biology; Paleontology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Paleontology GA 948CO UT WOS:000304481400006 ER PT J AU Schmer, MR Hanson, JD Johnson, HA AF Schmer, Marty R. Hanson, Jon D. Johnson, Holly A. TI SWITCHGRASS AND INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS ABOVEGROUND AND BELOWGROUND RESPONSE TO NITROGEN AND CALCIUM SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE switchgrass; intermediate wheatgrass; calcium; nitrogen; forage quality; bioenergy ID DETERGENT FIBER ANALYSIS; BIOMASS YIELD; CELL-WALL; UNITED-STATES; SOIL CARBON; NUTRIENT; REGISTRATION; CONVERSION; GRASSES; GROWTH AB Calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N) treatments (2, 8, and 32 mg L-1) were investigated on above-ground and belowground growth of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] in a greenhouse experiment. Switchgrass (cultivars 'Sunburst' and 'Dacotah'), and intermediate wheatgrass (cultivar 'Reliant') aboveground and belowground biomass were harvested and analyzed to determine total biomass, macronutrient concentrations, and forage quality. Intermediate wheatgrass biomass followed a positive response to increasing N and Ca while switchgrass response to N and Ca treatments varied by cultivar. Increased Ca supplementation rates from 2 mg L to 32 mg L-1 increased aboveground Ca concentrations of 113% and 257% for switchgrass and intermediate wheatgrass, respectively. Calcium had little impact on measured cell wall characteristics with the exception of hemicellulose content in intermediate wheatgrass. Further investigation on intermediate wheatgrass yield response to Ca under field conditions is warranted. C1 [Schmer, Marty R.; Hanson, Jon D.; Johnson, Holly A.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Schmer, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM marty.schmer@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-A105-900R21954] FX This research was conducted in cooperation with USDA-ARS, Grain, Forage, and Bioenergy Research Unit Lincoln, NE as part of Project DE-A105-900R21954 funded by the United States Department of Energy. We thank Becky Wald and Tony Fleck for their invaluable work in laboratory analyses. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Trade and company names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation of endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1079 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.671409 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 946AK UT WOS:000304319800007 ER PT J AU Luino, F De Graff, JV AF Luino, F. De Graff, J. V. TI The Stava mudflow of 19 July 1985 (Northern Italy): a disaster that effective regulation might have prevented SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MINE TAILINGS; DAMS AB The disaster occurring in the Eastern Italian Alps in the summer of 1985 was caused by the failure of two tailings dams located just upstream from the village of Stava in the municipality of Tesero (Trento province, Italy). The structure comprised two small storage basins for the deposition of tailings from the separation process of the Prestavel fluorite mine. On their downstream sides, the basins were contained by steep earth embankments, whereas upstream they rested directly on the natural slope. The total height from the base of the lower dam to the crest of the upper dam was over 50 m. On 19 July 1985, the front of the upper dam suddenly burst, triggering a vast mudflow (180 000 m(3)) that flowed down-channel through Stava, a small village of 20 buildings. The mudflow rapidly traveled over 4.2 km along the Stava Valley and passed through Tesero, before flowing into the Avisio River. The mudflow destroyed many buildings and resulted in 268 fatalities and 20 injuries. From an analysis of the data collected and field observation, several factors may be cited as having contributed to increasing instability, as the upper dam continued to be raised until the disastrous collapse of 19 July. Foremost among these factors is the mistaken assumption that the tailings deposited in the impoundments would consolidate fairly quickly. Indeed, no monitoring system was ever installed to verify the assumed consolidation. Other operational shortcomings and construction errors were contributing factors. Regulations requiring construction standards, operational monitoring, and independent periodic inspection could have prevented this disaster. Comprehensive legislation is required to effectively limit the adverse consequences of tailings dam failures by providing a regulatory environment where the safety and welfare of the local area can be balanced with the economic benefits of mining operations. C1 [Luino, F.] CNR IRPI, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [De Graff, J. V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. RP Luino, F (reprint author), CNR IRPI, Str Cacce 73, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM fabio.luino@irpi.cnr.it NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1044 DI 10.5194/nhess-12-1029-2012 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 942QF UT WOS:000304061000014 ER PT J AU Jones, GD McCurry, H AF Jones, Gretchen D. McCurry, Hali TI Differentiating pollen from four species of Gossypium SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pollen; Gossypium; cotton; boll weevils; Texas ID BOLL-WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; COTTON; CURCULIONIDAE; MALVACEAE AB Cotton (Gossypium, Malvaceae) has been spun, woven and dyed since prehistoric times. Four cotton species are economically important; these are Gossypium arboreum (tree cotton), G. barbadense (American pima cotton), G. herbaceum (levant cotton) and G. hirsutum (American upland cotton). Previous research has been conducted examining the pollen grains of the Malvaceae and there is a key that differentiates the four economically important species of Gossypium by their pollen grains. However, the cotton pollen found in boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and other insect pests cannot be keyed to the species using the published key. The objective of this research was to determine if the pollen grains of these four species could be differentiated and develop a key that works for cotton pollen found in insect pests. Flowers of the four taxa were collected from USDA greenhouses and fields and dried. Both unacetolysed and acetolysed pollen grains were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The length and width of 300 pollen grains and 100 processes (spines) of each taxon were measured. There were no size differences between the acetolysed and the unacetolysed grains. Gossypium barbadense and G. hirsutum represent the largest grains (mean = 106.7 and 94.9 mu m, respectively) and the longest processes (mean = 17.7 and 15.2 mu m, respectively). Differentiation of these taxa can be useful in the determination of the origin of insect pests that attack cotton when different cotton species are grown within a region. However, additional research is needed on the varieties and cultivars of cotton. C1 [Jones, Gretchen D.] USDA ARS, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [McCurry, Hali] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Jones, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM gretchen.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1080/01916122.2011.619363 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 947VC UT WOS:000304459500005 ER PT J AU Jones, GD AF Jones, Gretchen D. TI Pollen extraction from insects SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Entomopalynology; pollen recovery; insects; laboratory preparation ID BOLL-WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; FORAGING RESOURCES; NOCTUIDAE MOTHS; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; NEW-ZEALAND; POLLINATION AB Numerous insect species feed on the pollen, nectar and other plant exudates that are associated with flowers. As a result of this feeding activity, pollen becomes attached to the insects. Analysis of this pollen can reveal what insects eat, their dispersal patterns in and around cropping systems and their role in pollination. However, finding pollen on and/or in an insect depends on the technique used to recover pollen from the insect. Six different techniques are described in detail that have been used to recover pollen from a variety of insects including pests such as boll weevils, Mexican corn rootworms and corn earworm moths. These techniques can be use to recover pollen from internal insect tissues (gut, alimentary canal, crop, etc.), external tissues (proboscis, legs, eyes, etc.) or both. By using the most appropriate technique, better pollen recovery can be made and thus better data obtained. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77802 USA. RP Jones, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77802 USA. EM gretchen.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 126 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 86 EP 109 DI 10.1080/01916122.2011.629523 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 947VC UT WOS:000304459500006 ER PT J AU Jackson, MI Combs, GF AF Jackson, Matthew I. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. BE Hatfield, DL Berry, MJ Gladyshev, VN TI Selenium as a Cancer Preventive Agent SO SELENIUM: ITS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND ROLE IN HUMAN HEALTH, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE; NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; CASPASE-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; DISEASE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; EPITHELIAL TUMOR-CELLS; PRIMARY LIVER-CANCER; METHYLSELENINIC ACID; SODIUM SELENITE; BREAST-CANCER AB The known metabolic functions of selenium, which appear to be discharged by a fairly small number of selenoproteins, do not fully explain the anticarcinogenic effects of selenium, particularly those observed in response to selenium-supplementation of non-deficient subjects. While anticarcinogenic roles are possible for at least some selenoproteins, i.e., those involved in antioxidant protection, redox regulation and hormonal regulation of metabolism, anticarcinogenic effects of selenium have been shown in individuals with apparently full selenoenzyme expression, suggesting additional mechanisms. Seleno-compounds have been shown to alter gene expression, affect DNA damage and repair, affect cell-signaling pathways, inhibit cell proliferation, stimulate apoptosis, and inhibit metastasis and neo-angiogenesis. Underlying these effects are metabolic activities of various seleno-metabolites: redox cycling, modification of protein-thiols, and methionine mimicry. It is, therefore, likely that selenium deprivation may increase cancer risk by compromising selenoprotein expression, and that supranutritional exposures to Se reduce cancer risk in non-deficient subjects. C1 [Jackson, Matthew I.; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov NR 90 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1025-6 PY 2012 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1025-6_24 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1025-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BZZ25 UT WOS:000303410300024 ER PT J AU Ginger, C Emery, MR Baumflek, MJ Putnam, DE AF Ginger, Clare Emery, Marla R. Baumflek, Michelle J. Putnam, David E. TI Access to Natural Resources on Private Property: Factors Beyond Right of Entry SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE access to natural resources; Maine; Native Americans; natural resource management; non-timber forest products; private property ID MANAGEMENT AB Discussions of access to natural resources on private lands in the United States often focus on property rights and ownership. In Maine, changing ownership of private forestland has been associated with increased posting against trespass. This raises concerns about the terms of physical entry to land for resource use. While the right of entry is an important component of access to natural resources, other factors also affect access. Building on a theory proposed by Ribot and Peluso (2003), this study of nontimber forest product gatherers and forest landowners/managers in northern Maine examines social and biophysical factors that affect access to natural resources. We consider who is affected by these factors, and suggest ways forward to promote more equitable access to nontimber forest products, especially for Native Americans in the region. C1 [Ginger, Clare] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Emery, Marla R.] ARS, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT USA. [Baumflek, Michelle J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Putnam, David E.] Univ Maine, Dept Math & Sci, Presque Isle, ME USA. RP Ginger, C (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 308 Aiken Ctr,81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM cginger@uvm.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 700 EP 715 DI 10.1080/08941920.2011.633596 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 948AH UT WOS:000304475300006 ER PT S AU Pinkerton, TS Wild, JR Howard, JA AF Pinkerton, T. Scott Wild, James R. Howard, John A. BE Dunwell, JM Wetten, AC TI Organophosphorus Hydrolase: A Multifaceted Plant Genetic Marker Which Is Selectable, Scorable, and Quantifiable in Whole Seed SO TRANSGENIC PLANTS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS, SECOND EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Plant transformation; Selectable marker; Scorable marker; Organophosphate pesticides and herbicides; Organophosphorus hydrolase; Coumaphos; Bensulide; Paraoxon; Zea mays ID TRANSGENIC PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; COUMAPHOS AB Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH, EC 3.1.8.1) provides a novel function as an alternative genetic marker system For use in many types of plant transformations. OPH is a high-capacity hydrolase with multiple organophosphorus substrates, many of which are neurotoxins and thus used extensively as pesticides. This spectrum of organophosphates includes compounds that are phytotoxic as well as those that are hydrolyzed to products that are easily detected visually without significant disruption of plant health. This dichotomy gives OPH the features of both a selectable marker as well as that of a scorable marker system, and these characteristics have been tested at several stages during the plant transformation and regeneration process. Finally, it is possible to quantify hydrolytic activity in the seed without interfering with its subsequent growth and regeneration. C1 [Pinkerton, T. Scott] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Wild, James R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Howard, John A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Appl Biotechnol Inst, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Pinkerton, TS (reprint author), ARS, Crop Bioprotect Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-558-9 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 847 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-558-9_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-558-9 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BAG18 UT WOS:000304069000002 PM 22350995 ER PT S AU Petri, C Scorza, R Srinivasan, C AF Petri, Cesar Scorza, Ralph Srinivasan, Chinnathambi BE Dunwell, JM Wetten, AC TI Highly Efficient Transformation Protocol for Plum (Prunus domestica L.) SO TRANSGENIC PLANTS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS, SECOND EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE High-throughput transformation; Prunus domestica; Fruit trees; Rosaceae; Functional genomics; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; POX VIRUS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; REGENERATION; TOOL AB A high-throughput transformation system for plum has been developed using hypocotyl slices excised from zygotic embryos as the source of explains. The hypocotyl slices are infected in an Agrobacterium tumefaciens suspension and then cocultivated for 3 days in shoot regeneration 3/4 MS basal medium supplemented with 9 mu M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Transgenic shoots are regenerated in a medium containing 7.5 mu M thidiazuron and elongated in a medium containing 3 mu M benzyladenine in the presence of 80 mg/L kanamycin in both media. Transformed shoots are rooted in 1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 5 mu M NAA and 40 mg/L kanamycin. The transgenic plants are acclimatized in a growth chamber and transferred to a temperature-controlled greenhouse. This protocol has allowed transformation efficiencies up to 42% and enabled the production of self-rooted transgenic plum plants within 6 months of transformation. C1 [Petri, Cesar; Scorza, Ralph; Srinivasan, Chinnathambi] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Petri, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-558-9 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 847 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-558-9_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-558-9 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BAG18 UT WOS:000304069000016 PM 22351009 ER PT J AU Sutton, MA Reis, S Billen, G Cellier, P Erisman, JW Mosier, AR Nemitz, E Sprent, J van Grinsven, H Voss, M Beier, C Skiba, U AF Sutton, M. A. Reis, S. Billen, G. Cellier, P. Erisman, J. W. Mosier, A. R. Nemitz, E. Sprent, J. van Grinsven, H. Voss, M. Beier, C. Skiba, U. TI "Nitrogen & Global Change" Preface SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXCHANGE C1 [Sutton, M. A.; Reis, S.; Nemitz, E.; Skiba, U.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Billen, G.] Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. [Cellier, P.] INRA, Unit Mixte Rech Environm & Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Erisman, J. W.] Louis Bolk Inst, NL-3972 LA Driebergen, Netherlands. [Mosier, A. R.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Sprent, J.] Univ Dundee, Coll Life Sci, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland. [van Grinsven, H.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy PBL, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Voss, M.] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res Warnemnde, D-18115 Rostock, Germany. [Beier, C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Ris Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Roskilde, Denmark. RP Reis, S (reprint author), Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. EM ms@ceh.ac.uk; srei@ceh.ac.uk RI Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; Reis, Stefan/E-4713-2011; Sutton, Mark/K-2700-2012; Skiba, Ute/I-6441-2012; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016 OI Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Reis, Stefan/0000-0003-2428-8320; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1693 DI 10.5194/bg-9-1691-2012 PG 3 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 942NV UT WOS:000304052500008 ER PT J AU Luo, Y Arnold, J Allen, P Chen, X AF Luo, Y. Arnold, J. Allen, P. Chen, X. TI Baseflow simulation using SWAT model in an inland river basin in Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STORAGE BOUSSINESQ MODEL; SNOWMELT INFILTRATION; RECESSION ANALYSIS; FLOW SEPARATION; WATER; EQUATION; RECHARGE; VARIABILITY; RUNOFF; SOILS AB Baseflow is an important component in hydrological modeling. The complex streamflow recession process complicates the baseflow simulation. In order to simulate the snow and/or glacier melt dominated streamflow receding quickly during the high-flow period but very slowly during the low-flow period in rivers in arid and cold northwest China, the current one-reservoir baseflow approach in SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) model was extended by adding a slow- reacting reservoir and applying it to the Manas River basin in the Tianshan Mountains. Meanwhile, a digital filter program was employed to separate baseflow from streamflow records for comparisons. Results indicated that the two-reservoir method yielded much better results than the one-reservoir one in reproducing streamflow processes, and the low-flow estimation was improved markedly. Nash-Sutcliff efficiency values at the calibration and validation stages are 0.68 and 0.62 for the one-reservoir case, and 0.76 and 0.69 for the two-reservoir case. The filter-based method estimated the baseflow index as 0.60, while the model-based as 0.45. The filter-based baseflow responded almost immediately to surface runoff occurrence at onset of rising limb, while the model-based responded with a delay. In consideration of watershed surface storage retention and soil freezing/thawing effects on infiltration and recharge during initial snowmelt season, a delay response is considered to be more reasonable. However, a more detailed description of freezing/thawing processes should be included in soil modules so as to determine recharge to aquifer during these processes, and thus an accurate onset point of rising limb of the simulated baseflow. C1 [Luo, Y.; Chen, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Arnold, J.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Allen, P.] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. EM luoyi.cas@hotmail.com FU 973 Program of China [2010CB951002]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZXC2-YW-BR-12]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41130641]; Project of the National Eleventh-Five Year Research Program of China [2012BAC19B07] FX This paper is partially funded by the 973 Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951002), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZXC2-YW-BR-12), Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41130641), and the Project of the National Eleventh-Five Year Research Program of China (2012BAC19B07). NR 35 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 68 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1259 EP 1267 DI 10.5194/hess-16-1259-2012 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 942MY UT WOS:000304049500015 ER PT J AU Samui, P Gowda, PH Oommen, T Howell, TA Marek, TH Porter, DO AF Samui, Pijush Gowda, Prasanna H. Oommen, Thomas Howell, Terry A. Marek, Thomas H. Porter, Dana O. TI Statistical learning algorithms for identifying contrasting tillage practices with Landsat Thematic Mapper data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; RESIDUE COVER; CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY; WATER AB Tillage management practices have a direct impact on water-holding capacity, evaporation, carbon sequestration and water quality. This study examines the feasibility of two statistical learning algorithms, namely the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM), for identifying two contrasting tillage management practices using remote-sensing data. LSSVM is firmly based on statistical learning theory, whereas RVM is a probabilistic model where the training takes place in a Bayesian framework. Input to the LSSVM and RVM algorithms were reflectance values at different bandwidths and indices derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Ground-truth data for this study were collected from 72 commercial production fields in two counties located in the Texas High Plains of the south-central USA. Numerous LSSVM- and RVM-based tillage models were developed and evaluated for tillage classification accuracy. The percentage correct and kappa statistic were used for the evaluation. The results showed that the best LSSVM and RVM models included the use of TM band 5 or vegetation indices that involved TM band 5, indicating sensitivity of near-infrared reflectance of crop residue cover on the surface. This is consistent with other remote-sensing models reported in the literature. Overall classification accuracies of the best LSSVM and RVM models were 87.8 and 90.2%, respectively. The corresponding kappa statistics for those models were 0.75 and 0.80, respectively. Furthermore, comparison of the best LSSVM and RVM models with the published logistic regression-based tillage models developed with the same data indicated the superiority of the RVM model over LSSVM and logistic regression models in determining contrasting tillage practices with Landsat TM data. C1 [Gowda, Prasanna H.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Samui, Pijush] VIT Univ, Ctr Disaster Mitigat & Management, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India. [Oommen, Thomas] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Marek, Thomas H.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Porter, Dana O.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Gowda@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 18 BP 5732 EP 5745 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.671555 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 936JB UT WOS:000303585600006 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CM Sieg, CH McMillin, JD Fule, PZ AF Hoffman, Chad M. Sieg, Carolyn Hull McMillin, Joel D. Fule, Peter Z. TI Fuel loadings 5 years after a bark beetle outbreak in south-western USA ponderosa pine forests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus; forest fuels; Ips; Pinus ponderosa; resistance to fire control ID UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAIN PINE; TREE MORTALITY; LODGEPOLE PINE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRES; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB Landscape-level bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) outbreaks occurred in Arizona ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Law.) forests from 2001 to 2003 in response to severe drought and suitable forest conditions. We quantified surface fuel loadings and depths, and calculated canopy fuels based on forest structure attributes in 60 plots established 5 years previously on five national forests. Half of the plots we sampled in 2007 had bark beetle-caused pine mortality and half did not have mortality. Adjusting for differences in pre-outbreak stand density, plots with mortality had higher surface fuel and lower canopy fuel loadings 5 years after the outbreak compared with plots without mortality. Total surface fuels averaged 2.5 times higher and calculated canopy fuels 2 times lower in plots with mortality. Nearly half of the trees killed in the bark beetle outbreak had fallen within 5 years, resulting in loadings of 1000-h woody fuels above recommended ranges for dry coniferous forests in 20% of the mortality plots. We expect 1000-h fuel loadings in other mortality plots to exceed recommended ranges as remaining snags fall to the ground. This study adds to previous work that documents the highly variable and complex effects of bark beetle outbreaks on fuel complexes. C1 [Hoffman, Chad M.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Wildland Fire Program, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Hoffman, CM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM c.hoffman@colostate.edu; csieg@fs.fed.us; jmcmillin@fs.fed.us; pete.fule@nau.edu OI Hoffman, Chad/0000-0001-8715-937X FU Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest; Coconino National Forest; Kaibab National Forest; Prescott National Forest; Tonto National Forest; USDA Forest Service [INT-F-07-01]; USDA Forest Service Southwestern Region, Forest Health; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We thank Melissa Joy Fischer, Tania Begaye and Grace Hancock for field data collection and entry, and Jesse Anderson and Kelly Williams for creation of maps. We also thank the Apache-Sitgreaves, Coconino, Kaibab, Prescott and Tonto National Forests for their support of this work. Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring, Evaluation Monitoring grant INT-F-07-01; USDA Forest Service Southwestern Region, Forest Health; and USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 26 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1071/WF11019 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 939QB UT WOS:000303826700011 ER PT J AU Ducey, TF Miller, JO Busscher, WJ Lackland, DT Hunt, PG AF Ducey, Thomas F. Miller, Jarrod O. Busscher, Warren J. Lackland, Daniel T. Hunt, Patrick G. TI An analysis of the link between strokes and soils in the South Carolina coastal plains SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Environmental exposure; geostatistical analysis; soil; South Carolina; SSURGO; Stroke Belt; stroke buckle ID HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHLAMYDOPHILA-PNEUMONIAE; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; FECAL MICROBIOTA; RISK-FACTOR; DISEASE; MORTALITY; BELT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB The Stroke Belt is a geographical region of the Southeastern United States where resident individuals suffer a disproportionately higher rate of strokes than the rest of the population. While the "buckle" of this Stroke Belt coincides with the Southeastern Coastal Plain region of North and South Carolina and Georgia, there is a paucity of information pinpointing specific causes for this phenomenon. A number of studies posit that an exposure event-potentially microbial in nature-early in life, could be a risk factor. The most likely vector for such an exposure event would be the soils of the Southeastern Coastal Plain region. These soils may have chemical and physical properties which are conducive to the growth and survival of microorganisms which may predispose individuals to stroke. To this aim, we correlated SC stroke mortality data to soil characteristics found in the NRCS SSURGO database. In statewide comparisons, depth to water table (50 to 100 cm, R = 0.62) and soil drainage class (poorly drained, R = 0.59; well drained, R = -0.54) both showed statistically significant relationships with stroke rate. In a 20 county comparison, depth to water table, drainage class, hydric rating (hydric soils, R = 0.56), and pH (very strongly acid, R = 0.66) all showed statistically significant relationships with stroke rate. These data should help direct future research and epidemiology efforts to pinpoint the exact exposure events which predispose individuals to an increased stroke rate. C1 [Ducey, Thomas F.; Miller, Jarrod O.; Busscher, Warren J.; Hunt, Patrick G.] USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Lackland, Daniel T.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Ducey, TF (reprint author), USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM thomas.ducey@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584; Miller, Jarrod/0000-0002-5353-233X NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2012 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1104 EP 1112 DI 10.1080/10934529.2012.668064 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936EW UT WOS:000303574700005 PM 22506703 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI Beldonea Cameron (Hymenoptera,Tenthredinidae, Tenthredininae) new to Thailand, and the males of B. okutanii and B. impunctata SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM sawfly2@aol.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542864] FX Acknowledgments are due to National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0542864, Thailand Biodiversity Survey, to M. J. Sharkey, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Michele Touchet, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D.C. (SEL) helped with the images. I thank J. Prena and T. J. Henry, SEL, Washington, D.C. for reviewing the manuscript. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PY 2012 VL 25 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.3897/JHR.25.2903 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 941MK UT WOS:000303967100002 ER PT J AU Mischke, CC Chatakondi, N AF Mischke, Charles C. Chatakondi, Nagaraj TI Effects of Abrupt pH Increases on Survival of Different Ages of Young Channel Catfish and Hybrid Catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FRY; EXCRETION; FISH; SAC AB A previous study showed that fry of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus are sensitive to pH increases but tolerant of pH decreases. This study determined the tolerance of channel catfish and hybrid catfish (female channel catfish x male blue catfish I. furcatus) sac fry, swim-up fry, and fingerlings to abrupt pH increases. Sac fry, swim-up fry, and fingerlings of channel catfish and hybrid catfish are sensitive to abrupt pH increases and become more tolerant with age or size. Hybrid catfish sac fry were more tolerant than channel catfish sac fry at lower pH increases, as evidenced by their higher 24-h LC10 (0.38 and 0.13 pH unit increases, respectively) and 24-h LC50 (0.48 and 0.36 pH unit increases, respectively). However, the 24-h LC90 for hybrid catfish sac fry (0.62 pH unit) was much lower than that for channel catfish (1.03 pH unit), showing that at higher pH increases hybrids are less tolerant. Channel catfish swim-up fry were more tolerant of pH increases (24-h LC50 = 1.28 pH units) than were hybrids (24-h LC50 = 0.83 pH units), but hybrid catfish fingerlings (24-h LC50 = 1.54 pH units) were more tolerant of pH increases than channel catfish fingerlings (24-h LC50 = 1.33 pH units). When comparing fish acclimated to different starting pH levels, lethal concentration values increased correspondingly. This indicates that pH sensitivity is due to upper lethal pH limits rather than abrupt pH changes. C1 [Mischke, Charles C.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Chatakondi, Nagaraj] ARS, USDA, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mischke, CC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cmischke@drec.msstate.edu OI Mischke, Charles/0000-0002-3934-9571 FU MAFES [MIS-081115] FX This is journal article J-11665 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. This project is supported under MAFES project MIS-081115. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.678565 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NR UT WOS:000303597700006 ER PT J AU Torrans, L Ott, B Bosworth, B AF Torrans, Les Ott, Brian Bosworth, Brian TI Impact of Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Grow-Out Performance of Blue Catfish with Comparison to Channel Catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID EARTHEN PONDS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FEED-INTAKE; BACKCROSS HYBRIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FURCATUS; PROTEIN; CONSUMPTION; RAFINESQUE; MANAGEMENT AB Feed intake, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the production of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and channel catfish I. punctatus were examined in 1-acre ponds maintained at either a high or low minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (mean values of 4.29 and 2.54 ppm [55% and 32% air saturation], respectively). Two additional studies were conducted examining only blue catfish in 0.25-acre ponds maintained at either a high (mean values of 4.43 and 4.46 ppm [56% and 55% air saturation] in the two studies) or low (mean values of 1.41 and 1.64 ppm [18% and 20% air saturation]) minimum DO concentration. Blue and channel catfish exhibited similar feed intake (13,432 versus 13,063 lb/acre), growth (1.40 versus 1.49 lb/fish), gross production (6,662 versus 6,663 lb/acre), and net production (5,935 versus 5,813 lb/acre) in the high-DO treatments in the 1-acre ponds. Within the low-DO treatment, feed intake was not significantly different (13,555 versus 12,398 lb/acre for blue and channel catfish, respectively), but both gross production (6,796 versus 5,810 lb/acre) and net production (6,069 versus 4,960 lb/acre) were significantly lower in the channel catfish ponds. The FCR was similar between species (2.25 versus 2.38) and was not affected by DO treatment. In the blue catfish studies in the 0.25-acre ponds, ponds in the high-DO treatments had significantly higher feed intake (+ 23.0% and + 33.4% in 2006 and 2007, respectively) and net weight gain (+ 38.0% versus + 42.3%) than those in the low-DO treatments; both gross production (16,898 versus 12,963 lb/acre) and net production (14,768 versus 10,855 lb/acre) were significantly higher in the high-DO treatment in 2006. Food conversion ratios averaged 1.86 in 2006 and 2007 and were similar in fish among DO treatments in both years. Data from these and other similar controlled studies indicate that most blue catfish production variables tend to be affected less by low DO concentrations than are channel catfish. C1 [Torrans, Les; Ott, Brian; Bosworth, Brian] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Torrans, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM les.torrans@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS [13320-003-00D] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS Number 13320-003-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We thank J. B. Jones, S. E. Jones, R. Mascagni, M. Loftin, S. Manning, M. Patterson, S. Patterson, E. Allen, W. Avritt, T. Bates, and the staff at the Delta Western Research Center for their assistance with this study, D. Boykin for her assistance with the statistical analysis, and B. Green, J. Tidwell, M. Li, and B. Peterson for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.678566 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NR UT WOS:000303597700020 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN Neiss, TG AF Cheng, H. N. Neiss, Thomas G. TI Solution NMR Spectroscopy of Food Polysaccharides SO POLYMER REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Carbohydrates; food gums; food polymers; hydrocolloid; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); polysaccharides ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OXIDIZED POTATO STARCH; HIGH-FIELD NMR; RESOLUTION C-13-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; LEGUME-SEED GALACTOMANNANS; SIMPLE H-1-NMR METHOD; WAXY MAIZE STARCH; CELLULOSE ETHERS; SUBSTITUENT DISTRIBUTION; ACETYLATED DERIVATIVES AB Many polysaccharides are allowed for direct food use, where they serve a number of useful functions including dietary fiber, bulking agent, thickener, encapsulant, gelling agent, foam and emulsion stabilizer, protective colloid, emulsifier and suspending agent, adhesive and binder, flocculant, swelling agent, film/coat former, or syneresis inhibitor. Many of these polysaccharides have complex structures or are mixtures with different components. Over the years, NMR has been a premiere technique for characterizing thesematerials. NMR characterization can help identify the materials in question, quantify the different functional groups present, and detect minor components and impurities. Above all, the high resolution achieved in solution NMR can provide detailed structural information on composition, sequence distribution, substitution pattern, and molecular weights (in some cases) for individual polysaccharides. Concurrent application of other analytical techniques, such as methylation, esterification, fractionation, mass spectrometry, and chromatographic methods, has enabled structural information on even complex polysaccharides or mixtures to be obtained. In this article a review is given of the solution NMR of food polysaccharides, with emphasis on papers published in the past 20 years. Included in the review is a survey of 21 common food polysaccharides, the current understanding of their structures, and the techniques used for their determination. C1 [Cheng, H. N.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Neiss, Thomas G.] Janssen Res & Dev, Spring House, PA USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 196 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 7 U2 121 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1558-3724 J9 POLYM REV JI Polym. Rev. PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 81 EP 114 DI 10.1080/15583724.2012.668154 PG 34 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 936SW UT WOS:000303611300001 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ AF Gruenwald, Niklaus J. TI Genome sequences of Phytophthora enable translational plant disease management and accelerate research SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual General Meeting of the Canadian-Phytopathological-Society/Symposium on Contributions of Genomics to Plant Pathology CY JUN 20-23, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Canadian Phytopathol Soc DE effector; emerging pathogens; exotic pathogens; genome analysis; Phytophthora; translational analysis ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; SOJAE-EFFECTOR AVR1B; PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; RAMORUM DETECTION; CLONAL LINEAGES; NORTH-AMERICAN; DOWNY MILDEW; AVIRULENCE AB Whole and partial genome sequences are becoming available at an ever-increasing pace. For many plant pathogen systems, we are moving into the era of genome resequencing. The first Phytophthora genomes, P. ramorum and P. sojae, became available in 2004, followed shortly by P. infestans in 2006. Availability of whole genome sequences has provided rapid and immediate advances in several areas also resulting in many practical applications and critical new insights. Availability of comparative genome data facilitated discovery of new classes of effectors, such as the RxLR-dEER and crinkler effector families. Genome data also enabled development of molecular markers for population genomic approaches that provided critical new insights into the evolutionary history of species and clades of Phytophthora. Several select examples of advances resulting from comparative genomic approaches in a concerted effort of the Oomycete research community are reviewed. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA Agr Res Serv, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA Agr Res Serv, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM grunwaln@science.oregonstate.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1080/07060661.2012.664568 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 936CE UT WOS:000303567700003 ER PT J AU Bux, H Ashraf, M Chen, XM AF Bux, Hadi Ashraf, Muhammad Chen, Xianming TI Expression of high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance against stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici) in Pakistan wheat landraces SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE cultivar screening; durable resistance; wheat genetic resources; yellow rust ID UNITED-STATES; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; DURABLE RESISTANCE; RACES; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; EPIDEMIC; NUMBER; GENES AB Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) is an important disease of wheat in the United States and Pakistan. Genetic resistance in wheat is a cost-effective and convenient control measure. In the present study, resistance testing of 115 wheat landraces from Pakistan was carried out initially at the seedling stage with seven races of the pathogen, four from the USA and three from Pakistan. The germplasm showed a general lack of effective seedling resistance. Only two genotypes (PI 210916, PI 219752) were resistant against all races. Adult plants of the wheat genotypes were also tested at high temperatures under greenhouse conditions and at two field locations in Washington State. In the test with US Pst race PST-127, 28 (32%) of the landraces had seedling resistance and 41 (52%) had high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance. When tested with Pakistan isolate PK07-2, 14 (13%) of the wheat genotypes had seedling resistance and 61 (53%) had HTAP resistance. In the test with Pakistan isolate PK07-6, 32 (40%) had seedling resistance and 38 (48%) had HTAP resistance. In field tests, 94 (86%) genotypes were resistant and four (4%) were intermediate at Pullman, Washington; and 72 (89%) were resistant and none was intermediate at Mount Vernon, Washington. The greenhouse and field tests revealed that the majority of the wheat landraces possess HTAP resistance against stripe rust. These landraces should be useful genetic resources for developing stripe rust resistant cultivars in regions where climatic conditions are suitable for the expression of the durable type of resistance. C1 [Bux, Hadi] Univ Sindh, Inst Plant Sci, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. [Ashraf, Muhammad] Natl Univ Sci & Technol, NUST Ctr Virol & Immunol, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bux, H (reprint author), Univ Sindh, Inst Plant Sci, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. EM hadiqau@gmail.com FU Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan FX We thank Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan for financial support for the research conducted. We are grateful to USDA-Agriculture Research Service (ARS) National Small Grains Collections located at Aberdeen, ID, (USA) for providing germplasm. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1080/07060661.2012.662998 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 936CE UT WOS:000303567700010 ER PT J AU Zhao, CP Tian, F Yu, Y Luo, J Mitra, A Zhan, F Hou, YL Liu, G Zan, LS Updike, MS Song, JZ AF Zhao, Chunping Tian, Fei Yu, Ying Luo, Juan Mitra, Apratim Zhan, Fei Hou, Yali Liu, George Zan, Linsen Updike, M. Scott Song, Jiuzhou TI Functional Genomic Analysis of Variation on Beef Tenderness Induced by Acute Stress in Angus Cattle SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CUSTOMER SATISFACTION; CONSUMER EVALUATIONS; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; CCR2-/-MICE; GENE; ASSOCIATION; STEAKS; INFLAMMATION AB Beef is one of the leading sources of protein, B vitamins, iron, and zinc in human food. Beef palatability is based on three general criteria: tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, of which tenderness is thought to be the most important factor. In this study, we found that beef tenderness, measured by the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), was dramatically increased by acute stress. Microarray analysis and qPCR identified a variety of genes that were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis showed that these genes were involved in immune response and regulation of metabolism process as activators or repressors. Further analysis identified that these changes may be related with CpG methylation of several genes. Therefore, the results from this study provide an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms that genetic and epigenetic regulations control meat quality and beef tenderness. C1 [Zhao, Chunping; Zan, Linsen] NW A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Chunping; Tian, Fei; Yu, Ying; Luo, Juan; Mitra, Apratim; Zhan, Fei; Hou, Yali; Updike, M. Scott; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Ying] China Agr Univ, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Coll Anim Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Liu, George] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Updike, M. Scott] USDA ARS, Standerds Div, Natl Organ Program, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Zan, LS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM zanls@yahoo.com.cn; songj88@umd.edu FU Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station; Jorgensen Endowment Funds FX The work was supported by the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station and the Jorgensen Endowment Funds. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PY 2012 AR 756284 DI 10.1155/2012/756284 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 938OV UT WOS:000303743700001 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL AF Bassett, Carole L. TI Cajal Bodies and Plant RNA Metabolism SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE gene expression regulation; nuclear compartmentation; nucleolus; RNA biogenesis and maturation; subnuclear particles ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; SNORNA GENE CLUSTERS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COILED BODIES; MESSENGER-RNA; CELL-CYCLE; DNA-METHYLATION; NUCLEAR-BODIES; POLYMERASE-IV; BOX C/D AB Intracellular location of components associated with RNA metabolism is a key feature of gene expression regulation, although it is often neglected in favor of more direct factors influencing expression. A number of nuclear and subnuclear compartments exist, each carrying out specific functions. This article focuses on Cajal bodies, a dynamic body composed of numerous proteins and small RNAs. Cajal bodies, or CBs, are universal entities found in both the nucleolus and nucleoplasm of most living cells. Their function relates to RNA metabolism, including transcription, splicing, stable RNA modification, small RNA biogenesis, gene silencing, nonsense-mediated decay and telomere maintenance. It is generally thought that CBs form docking stations for each of these functions so that the individual processes proceed quickly and in an organized manner. A brief introduction on what is known about the function and composition of CBs in animal cells is provided, followed by highlights of the latest research on CBs in plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Carole.Bassett@ars.usda.gov NR 131 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 258 EP 270 DI 10.1080/07352689.2011.645431 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 935ZF UT WOS:000303560000004 ER PT B AU Guo, BZ Yu, JJ Ni, XZ Lee, RD Kemerait, RC Scully, BT AF Guo, Baozhu Yu, Jiujiang Ni, Xinzhi Lee, R. Dewey Kemerait, Robert C. Scully, Brian T. BE Venkateswarlu, B Shanker, AK Shanker, C Maheswari, M TI Crop Stress and Aflatoxin Contamination: Perspectives and Prevention Strategies SO CROP STRESS AND ITS MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES AND STRATEGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; GT-MAS-GK; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; REGULATORY PROTEIN AFLR; MAIZE GERMPLASM; GENE-EXPRESSION; SWEET CORN; PREHARVEST CORN; INSECT DAMAGE AB The fungal metabolites called aflatoxins are potent naturally occurring carcinogens, produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. A. flavus affects many agricultural crops such as maize, cotton, peanuts, and tree nuts. It can contaminate these crops with aflatoxins in the field before harvest. It is a serious concern because of its toxic and carcinogenic properties and also due to the risk of contamination in food and feed on human health and livestock. It is not only a serious food safety issue, but it has significant economic implications for the agricultural industry worldwide because of restrictions limiting the trade of contaminated crop. Host plant resistance is an effective, efficient and dependable tool to protect crops from the preharvest infection and aflatoxin contamination processes. Host plant resistance to aflatoxin contamination is a complex trait, and dissecting this trait is an equally complex task. With the technological breakthrough in genomics and next-generation sequencing, our understanding on the Aspergillus biology is greatly enhanced. This chapter aggregates the rich aflatoxin literature and focuses on the factors that cause the stress execrably and increase the aflatoxin contamination of grains before and after harvest. Further discussed are potential future prevention technology and strategies that could be employed to guide future research, such as "next-generation" genetics. C1 [Guo, Baozhu; Scully, Brian T.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Lee, R. Dewey] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. [Kemerait, Robert C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Baozhu.Guo@ars.usda.gov NR 225 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-2219-4 PY 2012 BP 399 EP 427 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2220-0_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-2220-0 PG 29 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BAA22 UT WOS:000303483000011 ER PT J AU Sobota, DJ Johnson, SL Gregory, SV Ashkenas, LR AF Sobota, Daniel J. Johnson, Sherri L. Gregory, Stan V. Ashkenas, Linda R. TI A Stable Isotope Tracer Study of the Influences of Adjacent Land Use and Riparian Condition on Fates of Nitrate in Streams SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE land use; streams; nitrate; nitrogen; spiraling; denitrification; organic matter storage; N-15; isotope tracer; Oregon ID AMMONIA DIFFUSION METHOD; FOREST STREAM; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; N-15 ADDITION; HEADWATER STREAMS; DESERT STREAM; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; REMOVAL; RETENTION AB The influence of land use on potential fates of nitrate (NO3-) in stream ecosystems, ranging from denitrification to storage in organic matter, has not been documented extensively. Here, we describe the Pacific Northwest component of Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment, phase II (LINX II) to examine how land-use setting influences fates of NO3- in streams. We used 24 h releases of a stable isotope tracer ((NO3)-N-15-N) in nine streams flowing through forest, agricultural, and urban land uses to quantify NO3- uptake processes. NO3- uptake lengths varied two orders of magnitude (24-4247 m), with uptake rates (6.5-158.1 mg NO3-N m(-2) day(-1)) and uptake velocities (0.1-2.3 mm min(-1)) falling within the ranges measured in other LINX II regions. Denitrification removed 0-7% of added tracer from our streams. In forest streams, 60.4 to 77.0% of the isotope tracer was exported downstream as NO3-, with 8.0 to 14.8% stored in wood biofilms, epilithon, fine benthic organic matter, and bryophytes. Agricultural and urban streams with streamside forest buffers displayed hydrologic export and organic matter storage of tracer similar to those measured in forest streams. In agricultural and urban streams with a partial or no riparian buffer, less than 1 to 75% of the tracer was exported downstream; much of the remainder was taken up and stored in autotrophic organic matter components with short N turnover times. Our findings suggest restoration and maintenance of riparian forests can help re-establish the natural range of NO3- uptake processes in human-altered streams. C1 [Sobota, Daniel J.; Gregory, Stan V.; Ashkenas, Linda R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sobota, DJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Sobota.Dan@epa.gov FU NSF (NSF DEB) [0111410]; National Science Foundation [DEB 08-23380, 0333257]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University FX We thank Pat Mulholland for his excellent leadership of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment, phase II (LINX II; http://www.biol.vt.edu/faculty/webster/linx/). Chris Irvin, Doreen McIntosh, Jennifer Fairbrother, Holly Oakes-Miller, C. J. Poor, Morgan Curtis, Steve Thomas, and members of the Oregon State Stream Team provided field assistance. Cam Jones of the Cooperative Chemical Analysis Laboratory (CCAL) at Oregon State University performed analysis of water chemistry. Steve Hamilton and David Weed provided pre-evacuated exetainers for gas collections; Ashley Helton provided summaries of land-cover data. Peter Bottomley, Steven Perakis, David Hibbs, Jana Compton, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. LINX II was supported by a grant from the NSF Ecosystems Program to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (NSF DEB #0111410). The H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest research program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 08-23380), the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University provided additional support. A graduate fellowship was provided to DJS through the NSF Ecosystem Informatics IGERT program (NSF award #0333257) at Oregon State University. Research sites were located on lands owned and managed by Oregon State University, the city of Eugene, the city of Albany, the Weyerhaeuser Corporation, and the U.S. Forest Service and the Peterson Family (on Camp Creek). NR 49 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9489-8 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936OZ UT WOS:000303601200001 ER PT J AU Williamson, JC Bestelmeyer, BT Peters, DPC AF Williamson, Jeb C. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Peters, Debra P. C. TI Spatiotemporal Patterns of Production Can Be Used to Detect State Change Across an Arid Landscape SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE aboveground net primary production; normalized difference vegetation index; precipitation; remote sensing; Chihuahuan Desert; state change; shrub encroachment; grassland; shrubland ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; DESERTIFICATION ALTERS; WATER AVAILABILITY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; USE EFFICIENCY; GREAT-BASIN; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND AB Methods to detect and quantify shifts in the state of ecosystems are increasingly important as global change drivers push more systems toward thresholds of change. Temporal relationships between precipitation and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) have been studied extensively in arid and semiarid ecosystems, but rarely has spatial variation in these relationships been investigated at a landscape scale, and rarely has such information been viewed as a resource for mapping the distribution of different ecological states. We examined the broad-scale effects of a shift from grassland to shrubland states on spatiotemporal patterns of remotely sensed ANPP proxies in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. We found that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), when averaged across an eight-year period, did not vary significantly between these states, despite changes in ecosystem attributes likely to influence water availability to plants. In contrast, temporal relationships between precipitation and time-integrated NDVI (NDVI-I) modeled on a per-pixel basis were sensitive to spatial variation in shrub canopy cover, a key attribute differentiating ecological states in the region. The slope of the relationship between annual NDVI-I and 2-year cumulative precipitation was negatively related to, and accounted for 71% of variation in, shrub canopy cover estimated at validation sites using high spatial resolution satellite imagery. These results suggest that remote sensing studies of temporal precipitation-NDVI relationships may be useful for deriving shrub canopy cover estimates in the region, as well as for mapping other ecological state changes characterized by shifts in long-term ANPP, plant functional type dominance, or both. C1 [Williamson, Jeb C.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Peters, Debra P. C.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Williamson, JC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jcwill@nmsu.edu FU USDA [2007-38415-18637]; USDA-NRI [2008-35320-18684]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0618210] FX We would like to thank Jose Paruelo and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. This study was funded by the USDA Rangeland Research Program (2007-38415-18637) and the USDA-NRI Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species program (2008-35320-18684). Funding support was also provided by the National Science Foundation to New Mexico State University as part of the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program (DEB-0618210). NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 34 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9490-2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936OZ UT WOS:000303601200003 ER PT J AU Talhelm, AF Pregitzer, KS Giardina, CP AF Talhelm, Alan F. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Giardina, Christian P. TI Long-Term Leaf Production Response to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Tropospheric Ozone SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; leaf area; long-term; nitrogen cycling; northern temperate forests; ozone; stand age; species dominance ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; SPECIES-SPECIFIC RESPONSES; ACER-SACCHARUM SEEDLINGS; BETULA-PENDULA ROTH; PAPER BIRCH; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; TREMBLING ASPEN; NITROGEN UPTAKE; SUGAR MAPLE; LITTER PRODUCTION AB Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3 will profoundly influence future forest productivity, but our understanding of these influences over the long-term is poor. Leaves are key indicators of productivity and we measured the mass, area, and nitrogen concentration of leaves collected in litter traps from 2002 to 2008 in three young northern temperate forest communities exposed to elevated CO2 and/or elevated O-3 since 1998. On average, the overall effect of elevated CO2 (+CO2 and +CO2+O-3 versus ambient and +O-3) was to increase leaf mass by 36% whereas the overall effect of elevated O-3 was to decrease leaf mass by 13%, with similar effects on stand leaf area. However, there were important CO2 x O-3 x year interactions wherein some treatment effects on leaf mass changed dramatically relative to ambient from 2002 to 2008. For example, stimulation by the +CO2 treatment decreased (from +52 to +25%), whereas the deleterious effects of the +O-3 treatment increased (from -5 to -18%). In comparison, leaf mass in the +CO2+O-3 treatment was similar to ambient throughout the study. Forest composition influenced these responses: effects of the +O-3 treatment on community-level leaf mass ranged from +2 to -19%. These findings are evidence that community composition, stand development processes, CO2, and O-3 strongly interact. Changes in leaf nitrogen concentration were inconsistent, but leaf nitrogen mass (g m(-2)) was increased by elevated CO2 (+30%) and reduced by elevated O-3 (-16%), consistent with observations that nitrogen cycling is accelerated by elevated CO2 but retarded by elevated O-3. C1 [Talhelm, Alan F.; Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Talhelm, AF (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM atalhelm@uidaho.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Talhelm, Alan/F-9365-2013 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Forest Service FX We would like to thank Angela Piket and Jennifer Eikenberry for help in the field and lab. Peter Weisberg, Dale Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. Rhinelander FACE is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and the U.S. Forest Service. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9493-z PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936OZ UT WOS:000303601200006 ER PT J AU Robinson, A Johnson, NM Strey, A Taylor, JF Marroquin-Cardona, A Mitchell, NJ Afriyie-Gyawu, E Ankrah, NA Williams, JH Wang, JS Jolly, PE Nachman, RJ Phillips, TD AF Robinson, A. Johnson, N. M. Strey, A. Taylor, J. F. Marroquin-Cardona, A. Mitchell, N. J. Afriyie-Gyawu, E. Ankrah, N. A. Williams, J. H. Wang, J. S. Jolly, P. E. Nachman, R. J. Phillips, T. D. TI Calcium montmorillonite clay reduces urinary biomarkers of fumonisin B-1 exposure in rats and humans SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE HPLC; toxicology, animal study; clinical study; aflatoxins; fumonisins; mycotoxins ID SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; AFLATOXIN B-1; NOVASIL CLAY; SOUTH-AFRICA; RISK-FACTOR; MAIZE; CONSUMPTION; GHANAIANS; LIVER; CORN AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is often a co-contaminant with aflatoxin (AF) in grains and may enhance AF's carcinogenicity by acting as a cancer promoter. Calcium montmorillonite (i.e. NovaSil, NS) is a possible dietary intervention to help decrease chronic aflatoxin exposure where populations are at risk. Previous studies show that an oral dose of NS clay was able to reduce AF exposure in a Ghanaian population. In vitro analyses from our laboratory indicated that FB1 (like aflatoxin) could also be sorbed onto the surfaces of NS. Hence, our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of NS clay to reduce urinary FB1 in a rodent model and then in a human population highly exposed to AF. In the rodent model, male Fisher rats were randomly assigned to either FB1 control, FB1+2% NS or absolute control group. FB1 alone or with clay was given as a single dose by gavage. For the human trial, participants received NS (1.5 or 3 g day(-1)) or placebo (1.5 g day(-1)) for 3 months. Urines from weeks 8 and 10 were collected from the study participants for analysis. In rats, NS significantly reduced urinary FB1 biomarker by 20% in 24 h and 50% after 48 h compared to controls. In the humans, 56% of the urine samples analysed (n = 186) had detectable levels of FB1. Median urinary FB1 levels were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by >90% in the high dose NS group (3 g day(-1)) compared to the placebo. This work indicates that our study participants in Ghana were exposed to FB1 (in addition to AFs) from the diet. Moreover, earlier studies have shown conclusively that NS reduces the bioavailability of AF and the findings from this study suggest that NS clay also reduces the bioavailability FB1. This is important since AF is a proven dietary risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and FB1 is suspected to be a dietary risk factor for HCC and oesophageal cancer in humans. C1 [Robinson, A.; Johnson, N. M.; Taylor, J. F.; Marroquin-Cardona, A.; Mitchell, N. J.; Phillips, T. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Strey, A.; Nachman, R. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Afriyie-Gyawu, E.] Georgia So Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Ankrah, N. A.] Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Accra, Ghana. [Williams, J. H.] Univ Georgia, Peanut CRSP, Griffin, GA USA. [Wang, J. S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jolly, P. E.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Phillips, TD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tphillips@cvm.tamu.edu FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Peanut CRSP of the University of Georgia [ECG-A-00-07-00001-00]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1RO1MD005819-01] FX This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID ECG-A-00-07-00001-00) through the Peanut CRSP of the University of Georgia and National Institutes of Health (NIH 1RO1MD005819-01). NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1944-0049 J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM A JI Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 5 BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.1080/19440049.2011.651628 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 936JA UT WOS:000303585500011 PM 22324939 ER PT J AU Creamer, SF Blatner, KA Butler, BJ AF Creamer, Selmin F. Blatner, Keith A. Butler, Brett J. TI Certification of family forests: What influences owners' awareness and participation? SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Selection model; Bivariate probit; US survey data; Pacific Coast region; Southern region ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; LANDOWNERS; OBJECTIVES; MANAGEMENT; COST; INVESTMENT; MINNESOTA; SERVICES AB In the United States, 35% of the forestland is owned by family forest owners with approximately 0.2% of this land reported to be enrolled in a forest certification system. The current study was conducted to provide insights into factors influencing family forest owners' decisions to certify their lands. The bivariate probit model with sample selection results suggests that receiving professional advice regarding the forestlands and having a written management or stewardship plan had the highest positive marginal effects on awareness of certification programs and participation in these programs. Non-timber objectives had negative marginal effects on awareness of certification programs. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier GmbH on behalf of Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea. C1 [Creamer, Selmin F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Blatner, Keith A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Creamer, SF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sfc55@cornell.edu NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2011.12.001 PG 14 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA 935AC UT WOS:000303488300005 ER PT J AU Ota, Y Kim, MS Neda, H Klopfenstein, NB Hasegawa, E AF Ota, Yuko Kim, Mee-Sook Neda, Hitoshi Klopfenstein, Ned B. Hasegawa, Eri TI The phylogenetic position of an Armillaria species from Amami-Oshima, a subtropical island of Japan, based on elongation factor and ITS sequences (vol 52, pg 53, 2011) SO MYCOSCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Ota, Yuko; Neda, Hitoshi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Kim, Mee-Sook] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Klopfenstein, Ned B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Hasegawa, Eri] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kansai Res Ctr, Fushimi Ku, Kyoto 6120855, Japan. RP Ota, Y (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. EM yuota@ffpri.affrc.go.jp NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1340-3540 J9 MYCOSCIENCE JI Mycoscience PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 81 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10267-011-0175-7 PG 1 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 934GW UT WOS:000303433200010 ER PT J AU Eklund, P Engle, C Ludwig, G AF Eklund, Patty Engle, Carole Ludwig, Gerald TI Comparative Cost Analysis of Hybrid Striped Bass Fingerling Production in Ponds and Tanks SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID LARVAL SUNSHINE BASS; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; STOCKING DENSITY; MORONE-CHRYSOPS; EARTHEN PONDS; CULTURE; AQUACULTURE; ROTIFERS; 2-PHASE; SYSTEM AB Year-round production of hybrid striped bass (female white bass Morone chrysopsxmale striped bass M. saxatilis) fingerlings would allow food fish growers to sell their product throughout the year, which would improve the consistency of market supply and cash flow for the farm. However, pond production of fingerlings is seasonal and precludes year-round supply. Tank culture methods have been developed to produce hybrid striped bass fingerlings indoors throughout the year, but the associated costs have not been estimated or comparedwith pond production costs. Economic engineering techniques were used to estimate production costs for phase I hybrid striped bass fingerlings in ponds (0.4, 1.2, or 2.4 ha) and tanks (945, 2,457, or 5,670 L) for production scales of 50,000, 100,000, 250,000, 500,000, 1,000,000, or 2,000,000 fingerlings per year. The results demonstrated that there are economies of scale in terms of the volume of production and the size of the production unit. Overall, pond production per 1,000 fingerlings was substantially less expensive than tank production, even accounting for the increased number of annual production cycles in tanks. Production costs were sensitive to survival rates and can be reduced by 7-14% and 5-11% for each 5% improvement in survival in ponds and tanks, respectively. Substituting microcyst brine shrimp for rotifers Artemia spp. in the diet may have the potential to reduce the tank costs of producing hybrid striped bass depending on fingerling survival beyond 14 d posthatch. Additional research is needed to improve overall fingerling survival both during the early fry rearing stage and after training to dry feed. C1 [Eklund, Patty; Engle, Carole] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. [Ludwig, Gerald] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Engle, C (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 N Univ Dr,Mail Slot 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM cengle@uaex.edu FU U.S, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6225-8-026] FX Funding for this project was provided through Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6225-8-026 from the U.S, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. The authors thank Ganesh Kumar, Anita Kelly, George Selden, and Steve Lochmann for review comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.650048 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NS UT WOS:000303597800002 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Mitchell, AJ Carter, RR McEntire, ME Steeby, JA AF Straus, David L. Mitchell, Andrew J. Carter, Ray R. McEntire, Matthew E. Steeby, James A. TI Safety of Copper Sulfate to Channel Catfish Eggs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DOSE-CONFIRMATION; TREATING FUNGUS; HATCHERY; FRY AB Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is used in the catfish industry to control saprolegniasis (caused by the watermolds Achlya spp. or Saprolegnia spp.) on eggs. This study was designed to establish the margin of safety of CuSO4 at 10, 30, and 50 mg/L when applied for three times the normal treatment duration to hatching troughs containing channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus eggs in 26 degrees C, flow-through well water. The safety of CuSO4 was indicated by the percentage of fry that hatched from the eggs. Eggs were treated daily until the embryos reached the eyed stage. The least-squares means +/- SE of hatch rates were 40.8 +/- 9.1, 80.9 +/- 6.4, 64.2 +/- 8.6, and 80.3 +/- 6.6% for the 0-, 10-, 30-, and 50-mg/L CuSO4 treatments, respectively. The hatch rate for the 0-mg/L CuSO4 treatment was significantly different from that of all other CuSO4 treatments. Treating channel catfish eggs with five times the recommended dose of 10-mg/L CuSO4 for three times the recommended duration did not adversely affect the hatch rates in this study. There appears to be an adequate margin of safety above the therapeutic dose of 10 mg/L for channel catfish eggs; therefore, CuSO4 should be considered a safe treatment to alleviate egg losses caused by saprolegniasis. C1 [Straus, David L.; Mitchell, Andrew J.; Carter, Ray R.; McEntire, Matthew E.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Steeby, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Belzoni, MS 39038 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.649889 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NS UT WOS:000303597800004 ER PT B AU Harper, LC Sen, TZ Lawrence, CJ AF Harper, Lisa C. Sen, Taner Z. Lawrence, Carolyn J. BE Bass, HW Birchler, JA TI Plant Cytogenetics in Genome Databases SO PLANT CYTOGENETICS: GENOME STRUCTURE AND CHROMOSOME FUNCTION SE Plant Genetics and Genomics Crops and Models LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Plants; Cytogenetic maps; Genetic maps; Databases; Cytology; Chromosomes; Genetics; Recombination ID MOUSE SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES; GENETICALLY MAPPED LOCI; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RECOMBINATION NODULES; CROSSING-OVER; MLH1 FOCI; MAIZE; MAPS; RESOLUTION; CHROMOSOMES AB Cytogenetic maps provide an integrated representation of genetic and cytological information that can be used to enhance genome and chromosome research. As genome analysis technologies become more affordable, the density of markers on cytogenetic maps increases, making these resources more useful as an information-rich visual context for research. As the accessibility of online bioinformatics and database resources grows, the primary points of access to cytogenetic data and tools will be through online resources. Here we define cytogenetic maps and distinguish them from other common map types, report and discuss the cytogenetic maps and tools currently available for plants, and describe how to access these cytogenetic resources online. C1 [Harper, Lisa C.] USDA ARS, PGEC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Sen, Taner Z.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Genome Informat Lab 1025, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lawrence, Carolyn J.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Crop Genome Informat Lab 1034, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Harper, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, PGEC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ligule@nature.berkeley.edu RI Lawrence, Carolyn/N-3367-2014 OI Lawrence, Carolyn/0000-0003-0069-1430 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-70868-3 J9 PLANT GENET GENOMICS JI Plant Genet. Genom. Crops. Mod. PY 2012 VL 4 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-70869-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-70869-0 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BAB23 UT WOS:000303687300014 ER PT J AU Shirley, MW Lillehoj, HS AF Shirley, M. W. Lillehoj, H. S. TI The long view: a selective review of 40 years of coccidiosis research SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID APICOMPLEXAN PROTOZOAN PARASITE; ACERVULINA CHALLENGE INFECTION; EIMERIA-TENELLA SPOROZOITES; MICRONEME PROTEIN; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; ANTICOCCIDIAL DRUGS; CHICKENS; RESISTANCE; IMMUNITY; MAXIMA AB This selective review of 40 years of coccidiosis research is one of a number on important diseases of poultry to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the birth of Avian Pathology, the journal of theWorld Veterinary Poultry Association, and is written for the non-specialist. The intention is to provide a flavour of the field problems and intellectual challenges, with emphasis in the areas of immunology and vaccinology that drove research in the 1970s, and to reflect on research progress since. C1 [Lillehoj, H. S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shirley, MW (reprint author), 48 Vineyard Way, St Neots, Cambs, England. EM mw.shirley@virgin.net NR 65 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1080/03079457.2012.666338 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 929GZ UT WOS:000303050600002 PM 22515530 ER PT J AU Martinez, SW AF Martinez, Steve W. TI Pork quality and the role of marketing contracts: a case study of the US pork industry SO BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Contracts; Transaction costs; Measuring costs; Pork; Quality; Carcass pricing; United States of America; Food industry; Animal products ID MEASUREMENT COST; ORGANIZATION AB Purpose - This paper aims to provide an assessment of the growth in marketing contracts in the US pork industry as an efficient means to control pork quality and reduce transaction costs. Design/methodology/approach - Information collected from pork quality and safety summits sponsored by the National Pork Producers Council in cooperation with the National Pork Board, published surveys of large packers related to contract use, and 15 contracts submitted by producers to the Iowa Attorney General's Office from 1996 to 2001 were examined. The theoretical framework used combines branches of the industrial organization literature. Findings - The paper provides information documenting the growing importance of addressing pork quality problems in the 1990s and how marketing contracts between packers and producers can help address these problems. Recognizes their role in reducing transaction costs associated with carcass pricing programs, reducing pork quality measuring costs, providing quality control, and reducing costs of adapting to quality uncertainty. Research limitations/implications - The list of contracts examined is a small collection of contracts voluntarily submitted by producers, and pertains to a specific geographic section of the USA. Thus, they may not be representative of the entire industry. Practical implications - The paper provides background information on quality issues faced by the US pork industry and a framework for better understanding the potential role of marketing contracts in addressing these issues. Originality/value - This paper provides rather unique institutional background information on important changes occurring in the US pork industry in the 1990s and the role of the growth in marketing contracts in addressing related pork quality issues over time. Given the proprietary nature of specific contract terms, a small sample of long-term marketing contracts is analyzed to better understand contract design. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Martinez, SW (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM martinez@ers.usda.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0007-070X J9 BRIT FOOD J JI Br. Food J. PY 2012 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 302 EP 317 DI 10.1108/00070701211213438 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 930MA UT WOS:000303142300010 ER PT J AU de Mello, CR Norton, LD Curi, N Yanagi, SNM AF de Mello, Carlos Rogerio Norton, Lloyd Darrell Curi, Nilton Monteiro Yanagi, Silvia Nazare TI SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST) AND RAINFALL EROSIVITY IN THE UPPER GRANDE RIVER BASIN, SOUTHEAST BRAZIL SO CIENCIA E AGROTECNOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Soil erosion; El-Nino; La-Nina; Grande River basin ID EL-NINO; WATER-RESOURCES; OSCILLATION; PATTERNS; EVENTS; LINKS; ENSO AB Relationships between regional climates and oceanic and atmospheric anomalies are important in understanding the rainfall regime of a given region. This work aimed to analyze rainfall erosivity in the Upper Grande River Basin, Southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil; namely the two most representative environments, the Mantiqueira Range (MR) and the Plateau of Campos das Vertentes (PCV). These areas can be affected by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena, which can be evaluated by indicators such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST) for the Nino 3.4 Region. Rainfall erosivity was calculated for individual rainfall events from January, 2006 to December, 2010. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used to evaluate the relationships between rainfall variables and SST. The coefficients of correlation were significant for both sub-regions. Correlations between the rainfall variables and negative oscillations of SST were also significant, especially in the MR sub-region, however, the Person's coefficients were lower than those obtained for the SST positive oscillations. These results demonstrate that El-Nino phenomenon can be considered an important factor in the intense rainfall behavior of the Upper Grande River Basin. C1 [de Mello, Carlos Rogerio; Monteiro Yanagi, Silvia Nazare] Univ Fed Lavras UFLA, Dept Engn DEG, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Norton, Lloyd Darrell] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Curi, Nilton] Univ Fed Lavras UFLA, DCS, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. RP de Mello, CR (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras UFLA, Dept Engn DEG, Cx P 3037, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. EM crmello@deg.ufla.br RI de Mello, Carlos/G-5821-2012 OI de Mello, Carlos/0000-0002-6033-5342 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV FEDERAL LAVRAS-UFLA PI LAVRAS PA CAIXA POSTAL 3037, LAVRAS, MG 37200-000, BRAZIL SN 1413-7054 EI 1981-1829 J9 CIENC AGROTEC JI Cienc. Agrotec. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 930VK UT WOS:000303169900007 ER PT J AU Sherrod, LA Reeder, JD Hunter, W Ahuja, LR AF Sherrod, Lucretia A. Reeder, J. D. Hunter, W. Ahuja, L. R. TI Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for Soil Carbon Mineralization in Static Laboratory Incubations SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Carbon; microbiology; soil fertility ID DRIED SOIL; POOLS AB We evaluated a modified approach for carbon (C) mineralization using a single-cell infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Objectives were to (i) determine if IRGA, gas chromatography (GC), and alkali absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) have similar results over 21 days; (ii) determine how these methods correlate; (iii) estimate the limit of quantitation (LOQ); (iv) compare throughput times; and (v) estimate the concentrations of CO2 and oxygen (O-2) that suppress respiration. IRGA did not differ from the GC and NaOH results over 21 days. Coefficients of determination (R-2) for IRGA, GC, and NaOH had values of 0.92 or more. IRGA and GC had the lowest LOQ (115 and 90 ppm CO2), with the greatest LOQ (600 ppm CO2) found with NaOH. IRGA had the fastest sample throughput (150 h(-1)), followed by 17 and 10 h(-1) for GC and NaOH, respectively. Average suppression concentrations were 5.3% for O-2 and 10.5% for CO2. C1 [Sherrod, Lucretia A.; Ahuja, L. R.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Reeder, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Hunter, W.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sherrod, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lucretia.Sherrod@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 6 BP 958 EP 972 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.653031 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 931JI UT WOS:000303211800010 ER PT J AU Deubler, LA McGahan, DG Wittie, RD Muir, JP AF Deubler, L. A. McGahan, D. G. Wittie, R. D. Muir, J. P. TI Efficacy of Soil Extracting Solutions for Assessing Potential Phosphorus Loss from a Dairy Waste Application Field Soil in North Central Texas SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE DTPA; labile P; MAFs; Mehlich III; Olsen ID MANAGEMENT; INDEXES; MANURE; RUNOFF AB Elevated phosphorus (P) from manure application field (MAF) soils transported to surface waters is a concern throughout the world because of P's role in eutrophication. Our goal was to determine why the common labile extractants alkaline-buffered sodium bicarbonate (Olsen), ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and dilute acid-fluoride (Mehlich III) produce different values given the same soil sample. Ten sites within a dairy MAF were sampled by genetic horizons from fine, mixed, Thermic, Udic Paleustalf (Windthorst) map units. In addition to determining plant labile P, soluble and total P were determined. All P pools decreased with depth, but concentrations between the labile P were variable. Mehlich III extracted more plant labile P at neutral and slightly alkaline pH values. Mehlich III also dissolved more carbonates. The fraction of labile P that Mehlich III extracts in excess of Olsen and DTPA warrants further characterization of carbonate associated P to assess its role in plant nutrition and environmental quality regulation. C1 [McGahan, D. G.] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Environm & Agr Management, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. [Deubler, L. A.] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Soil Survey Off, Kerrville, TX USA. [McGahan, D. G.; Muir, J. P.] Texas A&M, Syst Agrilife, Stephenville, TX USA. RP McGahan, DG (reprint author), Tarleton State Univ, Dept Environm & Agr Management, 1333 W,Washington Box T-0500, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. EM mcgahan@tarleton.edu OI McGahan, Donald/0000-0002-5053-3337; Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1202 EP 1215 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.662566 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 931JQ UT WOS:000303212600007 ER PT J AU Bingol, G Roberts, JS Balaban, MO Devres, YO AF Bingol, Gokhan Roberts, John S. Balaban, Murat O. Devres, Y. Onur TI Effect of Dipping Temperature and Dipping Time on Drying Rate and Color Change of Grapes SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Color; Diffusivity; Ethyl oleate; Raisin; Shrinkage ID THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPES; CONVECTIVE HOT AIR; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; SULTANA GRAPES; MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY; KINETICS; PRETREATMENT; SHRINKAGE; MUSCATEL; SHRIMP AB Thompson seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera) were pretreated in potassium carbonate and ethyl oleate solutions for 1, 2, and 3 min at 30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees C and dried in a convective air dryer at 60 degrees C. The effect of dipping time and solution temperature on drying rate and color kinetics were investigated. Grapes dipped into the solution at 60 degrees C for 2 and 3 min had the fastest drying rate. Among the seven semi theoretical models compared, the Midilli equation best described the drying curves of grapes for all dipping pretreatments. Color data were obtained using a machine vision system in CIE L*a*b* color space. Regardless of the dipping time and temperature applied, all raisins had varying degrees of brown coloring. At all dipping times and temperatures the highest R-2 value was obtained for a* values, which followed zero-order reaction kinetics during drying. C1 [Bingol, Gokhan; Roberts, John S.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bingol, Gokhan; Devres, Y. Onur] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. [Balaban, Murat O.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Bingol, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bingolgo@gmail.com NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1080/07373937.2011.654020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 930FK UT WOS:000303122900006 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI Mechanical Properties of Melt-processed Blend of Amorphous Corn Flour Composite Filler and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composites; corn; mechanical; reinforcement; rubber ID REINFORCED NATURAL-RUBBER; STRAIN RATE; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; TEAR RESISTANCE; FIBER; STARCH; ELASTOMERS; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB The corn flour composite fillers were prepared by blending corn flour with rubber latex, dried, and cryogenically ground into powders, which were then melt-blended with rubber polymers in an internal mixer to form composites with enhanced mechanical properties. The composites prepared with melt-blending method were compared to those prepared with a freeze-drying method. The composite fillers prepared with styrene-butadiene were compared to those made with carboxylated styrene-butadiene matrix. Dynamic effects showed that the corn flour composite fillers produced composites with good tensile strength, elongation ratio, and toughness at 500mm/min strain rate. Tear resistance of different composites was also studied. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lei.jong@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0091-4037 J9 INT J POLYM MATER JI Int. J. Polym. Mater. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 6 BP 448 EP 465 DI 10.1080/00914037.2011.584223 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 933QW UT WOS:000303378100005 ER PT J AU Gitter, SR Weber, JG Barham, BL Callenes, M Valentine, JL AF Gitter, Seth R. Weber, Jeremy G. Barham, Bradford L. Callenes, Mercedez Valentine, Jessa Lewis TI Fair Trade-Organic Coffee Cooperatives, Migration, and Secondary Schooling in Southern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article ID CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS; INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION; SELF-SELECTION; REMITTANCES; EDUCATION AB We explore three trends in rural southern Mexico (Fair Trade coffee, migration, and conditional cash transfers) that could explain the rapid rise in education from 1995-2005 using survey data from 845 coffee farming households in Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico. Results from a household fixed-effects model show that household participation in a Fair Trade-organic cooperative contributed to about a 0.7 year increase in schooling for girls. US migration opportunities appear to have even stronger positive impacts on schooling for females. Although participation in Fair Trade-organic cooperatives appears also to have increased male schooling, increased migration opportunities have had an indeterminate effect for males. C1 [Gitter, Seth R.] Towson Univ, Dept Econ, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Weber, Jeremy G.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Barham, Bradford L.; Valentine, Jessa Lewis] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. [Callenes, Mercedez] Grp Anal Desarrollo GRADE, Lima, Peru. RP Gitter, SR (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Econ, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM srgitter@gmail.com NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-0388 J9 J DEV STUD JI J. Dev. Stud. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 445 EP 463 DI 10.1080/00220388.2011.598511 PG 19 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 931KI UT WOS:000303214400011 ER PT J AU Wang, QR Li, YC Alva, A AF Wang, Qingren Li, Yuncong Alva, Ashok TI Cover Crops in Mono- and Biculture for Accumulation of Biomass and Soil Organic Carbon SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cover crop; decomposition; legume; non-legume; organic carbon; soil fertility; bioculture; monoculture ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; AGGREGATE STABILITY; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; SEQUESTRATION; CORN; MATTER; MINERALIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; PHOSPHORUS; TILLAGE AB Plant biomass production associated with soil organic carbon (C) accumulation is a critical challenge for sustainable agriculture development because soil quality degradation and organic carbon pool depletion have become a concern under some circumstances. To elucidate cover crops and their synergetic effects in biomass production and soil organic C improvement, legume and non-legume winter/summer cover crops, in mono-and biculture (mixture of legume/non-legume) were evaluated in the field and controlled (growth chamber) conditions. Under field conditions, biculture of sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass produced 24.1 Mg ha(-1) in contrast to 20.1 and 2.9 Mg ha(-1) for each one alone; and biculture of okra and cowpea reached as much as 11.5 Mg ha(-1) in contrast to 2.0 and 5.3 Mg ha(-1) for each one in monoculture. After the growth of winter followed by summer cover crops, the soil organic C content increased with substantial quantities of plant biomass returned to the soil. The results suggest that both summer and winter cover crops demonstrate a promising potential in biomass C accumulation, thereby, can play an important role in soil fertility improvement to benefit the sustainable development of agriculture when appropriate types and combinations are selected. C1 [Wang, Qingren; Li, Yuncong] Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Alva, Ashok] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA USA. RP Wang, QR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, 18905 SW 280 ST, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM qrwang@ufl.edu FU USDA-ARS FX This research was financially supported via a USDA-ARS collaboration research program. Authors thank Dr. Thomas Davenport, Mr. Robert Stubblefield, Jeorge Vergel, Jacob Hall, Ms. Guiqin Yu, and Laura Rosado at TREC, University of Florida for their supports with growth chamber and field facilities and/or help in sample collections and chemical analyses. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 423 EP 439 DI 10.1080/10440046.2011.627991 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 931JW UT WOS:000303213200004 ER PT S AU Friedman, M Levin, CE AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. BE Pollegioni, L Servi, S TI Nutritional Value of D-Amino Acids, D-Peptides, and Amino Acid Derivatives in Mice SO UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE D-Amino acids; D-Peptides; Amino acid derivatives; Nutritional evaluation; Bioavailability; Toxicity ID LYSINE; CHEMISTRY; SAFETY; LYSINOALANINE; MICROBIOLOGY AB This paper describes a method for determining the nutritional value of D-amino acids, D-peptides, and amino acid derivatives using a growth assay in mice fed a synthetic all-amino acid diet. A large number of experiments were carried out in which a molar equivalent of the test compound replaced a nutritionally essential amino acid such as L-lysine (L-Lys), L-methionine (L-Met), L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), and L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as well as the semi-essential amino acids L-cysteine (L-Cys) and L-tyrosine (L-Tyr). The results show wide-ranging variations in the biological utilization of test substances. The method is generally applicable to the determination of the biological utilization and safety of any amino acid derivative as a potential nutritional source of the corresponding L-amino acid. Because the organism is forced to use the D-amino acid or amino acid derivative as the sole source of the essential or semi-essential amino acid being replaced, and because a free amino acid diet allows better control of composition, the use of all-amino acid for such determinations may be preferable to protein-based diets. C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-331-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 794 BP 337 EP 353 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-331-8_23 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-331-8 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BZW33 UT WOS:000303131400023 PM 21956575 ER PT J AU Ritchie, M Zhang, JW Hamilton, T AF Ritchie, Martin Zhang, Jianwei Hamilton, Todd TI Effects of Stand Density on Top Height Estimation for Ponderosa Pine SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE site index; growth and yield; dominant height ID SITE INDEX DETERMINATION; PLANTATIONS; DEFINITION AB Site index, estimated as a function of dominant-tree height and age, is often used as an expression of site quality. This expression is assumed to be effectively independent of stand density. Observation of dominant height at two different ponderosa pine levels-of-growing-stock studies revealed that top height stability with respect to stand density depends on the definition of the dominant height. Dominant height estimates calculated from a fixed number of trees per acre (ranging from 10 to 60 of the tallest trees per acre) were less affected by density than those calculated from a proportion (with the cutoff ranging from 95th to the 70th percentile) of the largest trees in the stand. C1 [Ritchie, Martin; Zhang, Jianwei] US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Ritchie, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mritchie@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933XH UT WOS:000303399000003 ER PT J AU Shaw, CG Omdal, DW Ramsey-Kroll, A Roth, LF AF Shaw, Charles G., III Omdal, D. W. Ramsey-Kroll, A. Roth, L. F. TI Inoculum Reduction Measures to Manage Armillaria Root Disease in a Severely Infected Stand of Ponderosa Pine in South-Central Washington: 35-Year Results SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE root disease control; inoculums reduction; disease spread; sanitation ID STUMP REMOVAL; FOREST; ROT; MORTALITY; OREGON; GROWTH; MELLEA AB A stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) severely affected by Armillaria root disease was treated with five different levels of sanitation by root removal to reduce root disease losses in the regenerating stand. Treatments included the following: (1) all trees pushed over by machine, maximum removal of roots by machine ripping, and visible remaining roots removed by hand; (2) all trees pushed over by machine and maximum removal of roots by machine ripping; (3) all trees pushed over by machine with no further removal of roots; (4) smaller trees pushed over by machine but large stumps left, otherwise maximum removal of roots by machine ripping; and (5) all trees felled and removed by skidding, area cleared of slash, sod scalped, and no removal of roots. After 35 years, we found that the more intense and thorough root-removal treatments were generally more effective in reducing the occurrence of Armillaria root disease. However, even the most intensive treatment (treatment 1), which experienced significantly less disease than most other treatments, had 23% of the area expressing mortality. The only operationally feasible treatment (treatment 3) also reduced levels of mortality, but not significantly (40% mortality versus 52% in the control, treatment 5). Although these results support the concept that inoculum removal can reduce root disease levels, the treatment necessary to provide a meaningful reduction in disease loss does not seem to warrant its cost. C1 [Shaw, Charles G., III] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Prineville, OR 97554 USA. [Omdal, D. W.; Ramsey-Kroll, A.] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Washington, DC USA. [Roth, L. F.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shaw, CG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3160 NE 3rd St, Prineville, OR 97554 USA. EM charlesgshaw@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933XH UT WOS:000303399000004 ER PT J AU Reiner, AL Vaillant, NM Dailey, SN AF Reiner, Alicia L. Vaillant, Nicole M. Dailey, Scott N. TI Mastication and Prescribed Fire Influences on Tree Mortality and Predicted Fire Behavior in Ponderosa Pine SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire behavior; fuel treatment; ponderosa pine; southern Sierra Nevada ID REDUCTION TREATMENTS; FOREST; CALIFORNIA; FUELS AB The purpose of this study was to provide land managers with information on potential wildfire behavior and tree mortality associated with mastication and masticated/fire treatments in a plantation. Additionally, the effect of pulling fuels away from tree boles before applying fire treatment was studied in relation to tree mortality. Fuel characteristics and tree mortality data were gathered before and after treatments in a 25-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson) plantation. A random block design was used with three treatments plus a control at each of four blocks. Four plots were established as subsamples within each of the treatment and control sections of each block. Potential wildfire behavior for posttreatment fuel conditions was modeled for 90th and 97th percentile fire weather. Predicted rates of spread and flame lengths were higher for fuel conditions resulting from the mastication treatments than for the masticated/fire treatments or the controls. Torching and crowning indices indicated that higher windspeeds would be necessary to promote torching for areas treated with mastication/fire than for mastication or the controls. Tree mortality was 32 and 17% the first year after burning in masticated/fire and masticated/pull-back/fire plots, respectively, and 49 and 27% the second year. Our potential wildfire behavior results indicate that the risk of crown fire can be somewhat reduced by mastication and further reduced if mastication is followed up with prescribed fire to consume surface fuels. However, moderate levels of tree mortality seem inevitable when burning masticated fuels in a plantation and may only marginally be reduced by pulling fuels away from tree boles, which increases treatment costs. C1 [Reiner, Alicia L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Vaillant, Nicole M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Dailey, Scott N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, Truckee, CA 96161 USA. RP Reiner, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, POB 485, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM alreiner@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-2-1-30]; Sequoia National Forest; USDA Forest Service Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team FX Alicia L. Reiner (alreiner@fs.fed.us), USDA Forest Service, Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team, PO Box 485, State College, PA 16804. Nicole M. Vaillant, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Prineville, OR 97754. Scott N. Dailey, USDA Forest Service, Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team, Truckee, CA 96161. This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (05-2-1-30), the Sequoia National Forest, and the USDA Forest Service Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team. We thank the Sequoia National Forest for completing the mastication and prescribed burn treatments and facilitating this research, specifically Scott Williams, Dave Freeland, Rick Larson, and Brent Skaggs. We also thank all personnel who helped to gather field data through the course of this project, as well as those who helped gather fire behavior data during the prescribed burns. Also deserving thanks are Sylvia Mori at the Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station for her help with the experimental design of this project and Dave Turner at the Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Logan Forestry Sciences Laboratory for his help with statistical analysis. Also deserving thanks are Erin Noonan-Wright at Systems for Environmental Management and Joe Scott at Pyrologix for their counsel on fuel model selection and predicted fire behavior. We sincerely thank Sid Beckman and Scott Williams for their assistance in reviewing fire behavior results and fuel model selection. We sincerely thank anonymous reviewers who contribute to refining the manuscript. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933XH UT WOS:000303399000006 ER PT J AU Haase, DL AF Haase, Diane L. TI Using Nomograms for Evaluating Plant Morphological and Physiological Data SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nomogram; vector analysis; nutrients; morphology; data analysis ID FIR SEEDLINGS; DOUGLAS-FIR; NUTRITION; BIOMASS AB Simple, graphical techniques are available to plant professionals to evaluate morphological and physiological data. The most commonly used graphs show only one variable at a time. However, plotting two variables into a simple coordinate system and adding diagonal lines to show relationships between those two variables greatly enhances the interpretive possibilities available to the plant practitioner by facilitating simultaneous comparisons of multiple variables. This easy-to-use nomogram is useful for evaluating and comparing plant responses to treatments and environments, plant development over time, and stock quality among species, genotypes, and other factors. This article describes how to construct this type of graph, the kind of data for which this technique is most useful, and how it can be applied to operational and research activities. C1 [Haase, Diane L.] US Forest Serv, State Forestry Program, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Haase, Diane L.] US Forest Serv, Private Forestry Program, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Haase, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, State Forestry Program, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM dlhaase@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933XH UT WOS:000303399000007 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Boue, SM Carter-Wientjes, C Bhatnagar, D AF De Lucca, Anthony J. Boue, Stephen M. Carter-Wientjes, Carol Bhatnagar, Deepak TI Volatile profiles and aflatoxin production by toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus grown on sterile and non-sterile cracked corn SO ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; metabolic volatiles; toxigenic; atoxigenic; corn ID MAIZE KERNELS; MOLDS; DIFFERENTIATION; METABOLITES; SPOILAGE; STRAINS; FUNGI; PENICILLIUM; INDICATORS; FOOD AB Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic fungus which can grow on corn and produce aflatoxins which render it unsafe for consumption as food find feed. In this study, aflatoxin and non-aflatoxin producing isolates of A. flavus were grown separately on wet (20% water added), sterile or non-sterile cracked corn. Wet and dry cracked corn controls were included as needed. Secondary metabolic volatiles were identified and aflatoxin concentrations determined over a 12-day period. Volatiles unique to the toxigenic A. flavus isolates were determined by comparison with volatiles produced by the respective corn controls and the non-toxigenic A. flavus isolate. The number and identity of the volatiles produced by these A. flavus isolates varied by isolate, whether sterile or non-sterile corn was the substrate, and the sampling day. Overall, most of the volatiles were produced before day 3 after inoculation. Aflatoxin production was 10-fold lower on the sterile corn, compared to the non-sterile corn. Volatiles unique to the aflatoxin producing isolates were identified on both substrates after comparison with those produced by the non-aflatoxin producing isolate, as well as the corn control samples. Results indicate that several factors (substrate, fungal isolate, culture age) affect volatile and aflatoxin production by A. flavus. C1 [De Lucca, Anthony J.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, ARS, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA USA. EM Anthony.DeLucca@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU INST AGRICULTURAL MEDICINE PI LUBLIN PA JACZEWSKIEGO 2, PO BOX 185, 20-950 LUBLIN, POLAND SN 1232-1966 J9 ANN AGR ENV MED JI Ann. Agr. Env. Med. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921QL UT WOS:000302492100016 PM 22462452 ER PT J AU Young, M Beeman, RW Arakane, Y AF Young, Mi Beeman, Richard W. Arakane, Yasuyuki TI RNAi-based functional genomics in Tribolium castaneum and possible application for controlling insect pests SO ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE insect; pest insect control; RNAi; Tribolium castaneum ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; RED FLOUR BEETLE; CHITIN-SYNTHASE GENES; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN SID-1; C-ELEGANS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL; ARGONAUTE FAMILY; MESSENGER-RNAS; INTERFERENCE AB RNA interference or RNAi has been observed in eukaryotes and plays a critical role not only in messenger RNA degradation but also in fine-tuning of gene activation, transcription and translation. In insects, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated gene silencing is a simple and powerful reverse genetics tool for analyzing gene functions in both model and non-model organisms. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is an excellent genetic model for pest insect species. Since the completion of the genome sequence of T. castaneum, numerous studies of gene function have been reported. Here we review recent RNAi-based functional genomics research and systemic RNAi in T. castaneum, and we discuss potential applications of RNAi technology to pest insect control. C1 [Arakane, Yasuyuki] Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Plant Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Beeman, Richard W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Arakane, Y (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Plant Biotechnol, 300 Yongbong Dong, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM arakane@chonnam.ac.kr FU Chonnam National University [2010-1898] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Chonnam National University (2010-1898). We thank Yoshinori Tomoyasu, Ohio University, for critical comments on the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1738-2297 J9 ENTOMOL RES JI Entomol. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1748-5967.2011.00437.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 927HA UT WOS:000302896800001 ER PT B AU Doyon, F Sturtevant, BR Papaik, MJ Fall, A Miranda, B Kneeshaw, DD Messier, C Fortin, MJ James, PMA AF Doyon, Frederik Sturtevant, Brian R. Papaik, Michael J. Fall, Andrew Miranda, Brian Kneeshaw, Daniel D. Messier, Christian Fortin, Marie-Josee James, Patrick M. A. BE Perera, AH Drew, CA Johnson, CJ TI Assessing Knowledge Ambiguity in the Creation of a Model Based on Expert Knowledge and Comparison with the Results of a Landscape Succession Model in Central Labrador SO EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AND ITS APPLICATION IN LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHEASTERN LABRADOR; FOREST SUCCESSION; SIMULATION-MODEL; BOREAL; LANDIS; VEGETATION; FIRE; WILDFIRE; HISTORY; CONIFER C1 [Doyon, Frederik] Univ Quebec Outaouais, Dept Sci Sociales, Sect Foresterie, CEF, Gatineau, PQ J8X 3X7, Canada. [Sturtevant, Brian R.; Miranda, Brian] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Papaik, Michael J.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Fall, Andrew] Gowlland Technol Ltd, Lasqueti Isl, BC V0R 2J0, Canada. [Fall, Andrew] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Kneeshaw, Daniel D.; Messier, Christian] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Sci Biol, CEF, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [James, Patrick M. A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Doyon, F (reprint author), Univ Quebec Outaouais, Dept Sci Sociales, Sect Foresterie, CEF, CP 1250,Succursale Hull, Gatineau, PQ J8X 3X7, Canada. EM frederik.doyon@uqo.ca; bsturtevant@fs.fed.us; papaikm@comcast.net; andrew@gowlland.ca; brmiranda@fs.fed.us; daniel.kneeshaw@uqam.ca; Christian.messier@uqam.ca; mjfortin@zoo.utoronto.ca; pjames@ualberta.ca NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1033-1 PY 2012 BP 189 EP 210 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZT32 UT WOS:000302880200010 ER PT B AU Keane, RE Reeves, M AF Keane, Robert E. Reeves, Matt BE Perera, AH Drew, CA Johnson, CJ TI Use of Expert Knowledge to Develop Fuel Maps for Wild land Fire Management SO EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AND ITS APPLICATION IN LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; MULTIPLE SCALES; MAPPING FUELS; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; MODELS; LANDSCAPE; FORESTS; CANADA; ASTER C1 [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Reeves, Matt] US Forest Serv, RMRS Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us; mreeves@fs.fed.us NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1033-1 PY 2012 BP 211 EP 228 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZT32 UT WOS:000302880200011 ER PT B AU Hummer, KE Pomper, KW Postman, J Graham, CJ Stover, E Mercure, EW Aradhya, M Crisosto, CH Ferguson, L Thompson, MM Byers, P Zee, F AF Hummer, Kim E. Pomper, Kirk W. Postman, Joseph Graham, Charles J. Stover, Ed Mercure, Eric W. Aradhya, Malli Crisosto, Carlos H. Ferguson, Louise Thompson, Maxine M. Byers, Patrick Zee, Francis BE Badenes, ML Byrne, DH TI Emerging Fruit Crops SO FRUIT BREEDING SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Underutilized genetic resources; Specialty crops; Local crops; Heritage fruit cultivars; Potential new fruit ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN HAWTHORNS; REGIONAL VARIETY TRIAL; BLUE HONEYSUCKLE; CYTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; MALOIDEAE ROSACEAE; CRATAEGUS ROSACEAE; POMEGRANATE JUICE; FICUS-CARICA; FIG AB Hundreds of fruit species with commercial potential are currently in a status of low economic importance. Some, such as quince, pomegranate, and figs, have been cultivated for thousands of years. Others have only been locally collected and consumed from wild populations of the fruit. The development of these under-appreciated crops depends on a range of factors including the cultivation limitations, yields, uses of the fruit, and marketing potential. Although initially many crops are developed using selections from the wild, as they are developed, breeding programs work toward improving the crop for both production and quality. This chapter examines nine emerging crops chosen among hundreds of potential crops which are currently showing much promise as commercial crops. These include five tree fruits, namely, pawpaw, quince, mayhaw, pomegranate, and fig, and four berry crops, namely, blue honeysuckle, elder, goji, and 'ohelo. C1 [Hummer, Kim E.; Postman, Joseph] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank, Palmer, AK USA. [Pomper, Kirk W.] Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil 129, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Graham, Charles J.] LSU Agr Ctr, Pecan Res Extens Stn, Shreveport, LA USA. [Stover, Ed] USDA ARS, Hort & Plant Breeding Unit, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Mercure, Eric W.] Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA USA. [Aradhya, Malli] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crisosto, Carlos H.; Ferguson, Louise] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Thompson, Maxine M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Byers, Patrick] Univ Missouri Extens, Greene Cty Extens Off, Springfield, MO 65802 USA. [Zee, Francis] ARS, USDA, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov; Joseph.Postman@ars.usda.gov; CJGraham@agcenter.lsu.edu; Ed.Stover@ars.usda.gov; EricM@paramountfarming.com; Malli.Aradhya@ars.usda.gov; lferguson@ucdavis.edu; thompsom@onid.orst.edu; byerspl@missouri.edu; Francis.Zee@ars.usda.gov NR 186 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0762-2 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 97 EP 147 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9 PG 51 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BZG38 UT WOS:000301511500004 ER PT B AU Fang, SQ Clark, R Liao, H AF Fang, Suqin Clark, Randy Liao, Hong BE Mancuso, S TI 3D Quantification of Plant Root Architecture In Situ SO MEASURING ROOTS: AN UPDATED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SHALLOW-SLOPE STABILITY; SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; MINIRHIZOTRON INSTALLATION; NMR MICROSCOPY; PINUS-PINASTER; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; TREE ROOTS; FINE AB Root systems play important roles in plant nutrient and water uptake. The spatial distribution and structure of root systems can affect many physiological functions, carbon distribution, and plant anchorage. The accurate measurement of root systems is necessary for better understanding of plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Due to their underground growth habitat, root systems are usually excavated from the soil before root measurements are taken. This process can destroy the root system architecture and result in the lose of fine root structures, and consequently, many devices and technologies have been developed to nondestructively capture and measure root systems in situ in 2D or 3D, such as WinRhizo, minirhizotrons, X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. C1 [Fang, Suqin; Liao, Hong] S China Agr Univ, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Clark, Randy] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liao, H (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Root Biol Ctr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM hliao@scau.edu.cn NR 101 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-22066-1 PY 2012 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-22067-8_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-22067-8 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BZG30 UT WOS:000301510400009 ER PT B AU Butnor, JR Barton, C Day, FP Johnsen, KH Mucciardi, AN Schroeder, R Stover, DB AF Butnor, John R. Barton, Craig Day, Frank P. Johnsen, Kurt H. Mucciardi, Anthony N. Schroeder, Rachel Stover, Daniel B. BE Mancuso, S TI Using Ground-Penetrating Radar to Detect Tree Roots and Estimate Biomass SO MEASURING ROOTS: AN UPDATED APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; FLORIDA AB Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive means of detecting buried objects with electromagnetic waves. It has been applied to detect coarse woody roots, estimate biomass, root diameter, and spatial distribution of roots. This chapter discusses the development of root assessment techniques, basic methodology, and examples of field applications where GPR was successful. C1 [Butnor, John R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Barton, Craig] NSW DPI, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. [Day, Frank P.; Schroeder, Rachel] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Johnsen, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27713 USA. [Mucciardi, Anthony N.] Tree Radar Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stover, Daniel B.] N Amer Reg Climate Ctr, Earthwatch Inst, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM jbutnor@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-22066-1 PY 2012 BP 213 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-22067-8_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-22067-8 PG 33 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BZG30 UT WOS:000301510400012 ER PT J AU Ikeda, H Tsuchiya, Y Nagata, N Ito, MT Sota, T AF Ikeda, Hiroshi Tsuchiya, Yuzo Nagata, Nobuaki Ito, Masamichi T. Sota, Teiji TI Altitudinal life-cycle and body-size variation in ground beetles of the genus Carabus (subgenus Ohomopterus) in relation to the temperature conditions and prey earthworms SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; DNA barcode; Prey-predator; Seasonality ID CLIMATIC ADAPTATION; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS; CRICKET; JAPAN AB The body size of univoltine insect species generally decreases with increasing altitude or latitude. This pattern may have arisen from adaptations to multiple factors that potentially affect body-size variation, such as temperature, food, and interspecific interactions. We examined altitudinal variations in life history and body size, and their relationships to temperature and food resources in two ground beetle species of the genus Carabus (subgenus Ohomopterus; C. tosanus and C. japonicus) in a mountainous area (altitude 860-1730 m) of Shikoku Island, Japan. Larvae of these species are specialist predators of earthworms. The body size of C. tosanus decreased with an increase in altitude. Carabus japonicus, which is much smaller than C. tosanus, exhibited similar sizes across altitudes, although it was not abundant at high altitudes. Available cumulative temperatures for larval development were limited at higher altitudes, and C. tosanus started reproducing 1 month earlier at higher than at lower altitudes. Earthworms (larval food) were less abundant at higher than at lower altitudes. This may imply that food resources also restrict the optimal body size of C. tosanus at higher altitudes. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Ikeda, Hiroshi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Entomol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Ikeda, Hiroshi] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tsuchiya, Yuzo; Nagata, Nobuaki; Sota, Teiji] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Zool, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Ito, Masamichi T.] Surugadai Univ, Fac Econ, Hanno, Saitama 3578555, Japan. RP Ikeda, H (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Entomol, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. EM hiroshiikeda@affrc.go.jp RI Ikeda, Hiroshi/B-3940-2011 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences [22-6882, 20579001, 20370011]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan FX We thank Y. Minamiya for helping with the identification of earthworms and M. A. Callaham, Jr., K. Fukumori and A. Juen for helpful comments. This research was supported by a grant-in-aid for JSPS Fellows from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences to HI (22-6882), grants-in-aid scientific research to HI and TS (20579001, 20370011), and the Global COE Program (06) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.10.008 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 928LK UT WOS:000302984000001 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS Oliveira, RS Constantin, J Oliveira, A Castro, C Oliveira, FA Kremer, RJ Moreira, A Romagnoli, LM AF Zobiole, L. H. S. Oliveira Jr, R. S. Constantin, J. Oliveira Jr, A. Castro, C. Oliveira, F. A. Kremer, R. J. Moreira, A. Romagnoli, L. M. TI Nutrient Accumulation in Conventional and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean under Different Types of Weed Control SO PLANTA DANINHA LA Portuguese DT Article DE glyphosate; nutrient uptake; Glycine max ID AMINO-ACID; PLANTS; INHIBITION; GROWTH; INJURY; IRON; L. AB The cultivation of soybean-Glycine max (Roundup Ready (R) - RR) has increased and little has been reported on the influence of glyphosate on the nutritional status of the plants. The aim of this work was to compare nutrient accumulation at different phenological stages between the cultivars BRS 184 (conventional) and BRS 243 RR (transgenic), with the same crop cycle, under different weed management systems (hand weed and herbicide). Nutrient accumulation and dry matter in conventional soybean was superior to that in the glyphosate-treated RR soybean, indicating that a higher level of nutrients might be required for the RR cultivars to achieve physiological efficiency and a new fertilizer recommendation for RR crops may be considered, due to the reduced nutritional efficiency imposed by glyphosate. C1 [Zobiole, L. H. S.] Univ Estadual Maringa UEM, Curso Programa Posgrad Agron, BR-87020900 Maringa, PR, Brazil. [Oliveira Jr, A.; Castro, C.; Oliveira, F. A.; Moreira, A.] Embrapa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. [Kremer, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Romagnoli, L. M.] Univ Estadual Londrina UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa UEM, Curso Programa Posgrad Agron, Av Colombo 5790,Bloco J45, BR-87020900 Maringa, PR, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Oliveira, Fabio/A-1970-2013 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV FEDERAL VICOSA PI VICOSA PA CAIXA POSTAL 270, VICOSA, MG CEP 36571-00, BRAZIL SN 0100-8358 J9 PLANTA DANINHA JI Planta Daninha PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 927TR UT WOS:000302933500009 ER PT J AU Castellano, MA Turkoglu, A AF Castellano, Michael Angelo Turkoglu, Aziz TI New records of truffle taxa in Tuber and Terfezia from Turkey SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Ascomycota; Tuber; Terfezia; Turkey AB We report on 3 truffle taxa found in Turkey for the first time: Tuber mesentericum Vittad., Tuber nitidum Vittad. and Terfezia leptoderma Tul. C1 [Castellano, Michael Angelo] US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Turkoglu, Aziz] Mugla Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, TR-48000 Mugla, Turkey. RP Castellano, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM turkoglu.aziz@gmail.com NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, ANKARA, 00000, TURKEY SN 1300-008X J9 TURK J BOT JI Turk. J. Bot. PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.3906/bot-1106-10 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 929QK UT WOS:000303080400009 ER PT J AU Rojas-Cifuentes, GA Johnson, BL Berti, MT Norvell, WA AF Rojas-Cifuentes, Gonzalo A. Johnson, Burton L. Berti, Marisol T. Norvell, Wendell A. TI ZINC FERTILIZATION EFFECTS ON SEED CADMIUM ACCUMULATION IN OILSEED AND GRAIN CROPS GROWN ON NORTH DAKOTA SOILS SO CHILEAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soil series; seed; uptake; nutrients; contamination; Linum usitatissimum; Triticum turgidum ID DURUM-WHEAT; PLANTS; PHOSPHORUS; SUNFLOWER; CHLORIDE; SHOOTS; HEALTH AB The Cd concentration in the seed of crops depends on various soil factors including parent material, texture, pH, soil redox, and salinity. Cadmium accumulation also varies among crop species and cultivars within a species. Cadmium and Zn may have either an antagonistic or a synergistic effect on plant uptake that can be influenced by the soil Cd and Zn concentrations. The objective was to determine the effect of Zn fertilizer additions on the seed Cd of nine crops commonly grown in North Dakota, USA. Studies were conducted at five North Dakota locations representing different soil series during 1994 and 1995. In Experiment 1, nine crops common in North Dakota were grown with and without the addition of 25 kg ha(-1) Zn fertilizer. Among crops evaluated, the greatest seed Cd accumulation occurred in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) followed by sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). In Experiment 2, two durum wheats and one flax cultivar were grown under three Zn treatments of 0, 5, and 25 kg ha-1. In Experiment again flax had the higher seed Cd level compared with the two durum varieties. Based on the results from both studies, addition of Zn fertilizer did not consistently reduce seed Cd content, and even when statistically significant, the level of reduction was small and not likely to impact marketability of Cd accumulating crops such as flax, sunflower, soybean, and durum. C1 [Rojas-Cifuentes, Gonzalo A.; Johnson, Burton L.; Berti, Marisol T.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Norvell, Wendell A.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rojas-Cifuentes, GA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM gonzalo.rojas@ndsu.edu FU North Dakota Agricultural Research Stations FX North Dakota Agricultural Research Stations for providing the funding that made this study possible. All the members of the New Crop Project at North Dakota State University for their collaboration on this study. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU INST INVESTIGACIONES AGROPECUARIAS PI CHILLAN PA CENTRO REGIONAL DE INVESTIGACION QUILAMAPU, CASILLA 426, CHILLAN, 00000, CHILE SN 0718-5839 J9 CHIL J AGR RES JI Chil. J. Agric. Res. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 72 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 918RE UT WOS:000302267300019 ER PT J AU Li, RW Connor, EE Li, CJ Baldwin, RL Sparks, ME AF Li, Robert W. Connor, Erin E. Li, Congjun Baldwin, Ransom L. Sparks, Michael E. TI Characterization of the rumen microbiota of pre-ruminant calves using metagenomic tools SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA; ABOMASAL LUMINAL PH; AKKERMANSIA-MUCINIPHILA; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; MILK REPLACER; DAIRY CALVES; BACTERIA; SEQUENCES; MICROFLORA; PROTEIN AB The temporal sequence of microbial establishment in the rumen of the neonatal ruminant has important ecological and pathophysiological implications. In this study, we characterized the rumen microbiota of pre-ruminant calves fed milk replacer using two approaches, pyrosequencing of hypervariable V3-V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome shotgun approach. Fifteen bacterial phyla were identified in the microbiota of pre-ruminant calves. Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum in the rumen microbiota of 42-day-old calves, representing 74.8% of the 16S sequences, followed by Firmicutes (12.0%), Proteobacteria (10.4%), Verrucomicrobia (1.2%) and Synergistetes (1.1%). However, the phylum-level composition of 14-day-old calves was distinctly different. A total of 170 bacterial genera were identified while the core microbiome of pre-ruminant calves included 45 genera. Rumen development seemingly had a significant impact on microbial diversity. The dazzling functional diversity of the rumen microbiota was reflected by identification of 8298 Pfam and 3670 COG protein families. The rumen microbiota of pre-ruminant calves displayed a considerable compositional heterogeneity during early development. This is evidenced by a profound difference in rumen microbial composition between the two age groups. However, all functional classes between the two age groups had a remarkably similar assignment, suggesting that rumen microbial communities of pre-ruminant calves maintained a stable function and metabolic potentials while their phylogenetic composition fluctuated greatly. The presence of all major types of rumen microorganisms suggests that the rumen of pre-ruminant calves may not be rudimentary. Our results provide insight into rumen microbiota dynamics and will facilitate efforts in formulating optimal early-weaning strategies. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Connor, Erin E.; Li, Congjun; Baldwin, Ransom L.; Sparks, Michael E.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 10 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02543.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 922HV UT WOS:000302538900011 PM 21906219 ER PT J AU Pederson, N Bell, AR Knight, TA Leland, C Malcomb, N Anchukaitis, KJ Tackett, K Scheff, J Brice, A Catron, B Blozan, W Riddle, J AF Pederson, N. Bell, A. R. Knight, T. A. Leland, C. Malcomb, N. Anchukaitis, K. J. Tackett, K. Scheff, J. Brice, A. Catron, B. Blozan, W. Riddle, J. TI A long-term perspective on a modern drought in the American Southeast SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Southeastern US; water supply; water conflict; paleohydroclimate; tree-ring analysis ID UNITED-STATES; TREE-RINGS; WATER MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DENDROCLIMATOLOGY; RECONSTRUCTIONS; VARIABILITY; STREAMFLOW; INDEXES; AD AB The depth of the 2006-9 drought in the humid, southeastern US left several metropolitan areas with only a 60-120 day water supply. To put the region's recent drought variability in a long-term perspective, a dense and diverse tree-ring network-including the first records throughout the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint river basin-is used to reconstruct drought from 1665 to 2010 CE. The network accounts for up to 58.1% of the annual variance in warm-season drought during the 20th century and captures wet eras during the middle to late 20th century. The reconstruction shows that the recent droughts are not unprecedented over the last 346 years. Indeed, droughts of extended duration occurred more frequently between 1696 and 1820. Our results indicate that the era in which local and state water supply decisions were developed and the period of instrumental data upon which it is based are amongst the wettest since at least 1665. Given continued growth and subsequent industrial, agricultural and metropolitan demand throughout the southeast, insights from paleohydroclimate records suggest that the threat of water-related conflict in the region has potential to grow more intense in the decades to come. C1 [Pederson, N.; Bell, A. R.; Anchukaitis, K. J.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Pederson, N.; Bell, A. R.; Anchukaitis, K. J.] Columbia Univ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Pederson, N.; Leland, C.; Malcomb, N.; Tackett, K.; Scheff, J.; Brice, A.; Catron, B.] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Knight, T. A.] St Johns Univ, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. [Knight, T. A.] Coll St Benedict, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. [Leland, C.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Malcomb, N.] US Forest Serv, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Blozan, W.] Appalachian Arborists Inc, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Riddle, J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Pederson, N (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM adk@ldeo.columbia.edu OI Anchukaitis, Kevin/0000-0002-8509-8080; Bell, Andrew/0000-0002-1164-312X FU Eastern Kentucky University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Big Canoe Property Owners Assoc., Inc. Jasper, GA FX Support for this research was provided by Eastern Kentucky University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Big Canoe Property Owners Assoc., Inc. Jasper, GA. Thank you to P Baker for sharing the Bent Creek, NC tree-ring data and J Testani and three anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism that improved our initial manuscript. All unpublished tree-ring data will be deposited into the International Tree-Ring Databank upon publication. This is Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution 7528. NR 60 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 46 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR 014034 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014034 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922XA UT WOS:000302580600045 ER PT J AU Sims, K Becnel, JJ Funderburk, J AF Sims, Kelly Becnel, James J. Funderburk, Joe TI The morphology and biology of the entomophilic Thripinema fuscum (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), and the histopathological effects of parasitism on the host Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE thrips; parasitic nematode; in vivo development; host-parasite interactions; histopathology ID SULPHURETYLENCHUS-ELONGATUS NEMATODA; SCOLYTUS-VENTRALIS COLEOPTERA; BEETLE TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; HYMENOLEPIS-DIMINUTA; BODY WALL; FAT-BODY; INFECTION; HEMOLYMPH; SPHAERULARIIDAE AB We used light and electron microscopy to detail the in vivo life cycle of the nematode Thripinema fuscum and to determine the effects of parasitism on tissues of the thrips host Frankliniella fusca. The parasitic T. fuscum female produced eggs within 4-5 days after ingress and the host haemocoele became packed with eggs and developing juvenile nematodes. Mature juveniles migrated to the hindgut and fully developed juveniles first emerged from the posterior end of the male or female F. fusca 9 days after parasitization. Parasitization induced a displacement of the host alimentary tract, an atrophy of the ovaries and fat body, and an alteration of energy and waste reserves in host tissues. Our observations reveal a specialized relationship showing that this parasite is well adapted to exploit the host digestive, reproductive and excretory systems. C1 [Funderburk, Joe] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Becnel, James J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Sims, Kelly] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Funderburk, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM jef@ufl.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17-18 BP 1111 EP 1128 DI 10.1080/00222933.2011.651654 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925EP UT WOS:000302743900005 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI DESCRIPTION OF NANOCTHULHU LOVECRAFTI, A PRETERNATURAL NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TRICHOPLASTINI (FIGITIDAE: EUCOILINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE fuscina; corniculum; clypeal morphology; Afrotropical Region; wing interference pattern ID HYMENOPTERA FIGITIDAE; STENTORCEPS; CYNIPOIDEA AB A new genus and species, Nanocthulhu lovecrafti Buffington, is described. This genus is characterized by having a three-pronged structure, referred to as a fuscina, along the dorsal margin of the clypeus; this character is unique in the Hymenoptera. The genus is also characterized by the possession of a corniculum, and the shared possession of this trait with Stentorceps Quinlan suggests these two genera are sister-taxa. A phylogenetic analysis presented here, based on morphology, recovered Stentorceps + Nanocthulhu as the sister-group to Trichoplasta Benoit and Rhoptromeris Forster; based on these data, Nanocthulhu is hereby classified in the Trichoplastini. In addition to morphological features, wing interference patterns are described for this new taxon. Though the biology of this unusual wasp is unknown, the head morphology suggests digging is involved at some point in its life history. The possession of a fuscina in both sexes suggests that this structure is involved with emergence, rather than host finding by the female. Errata are provided correcting the holotype information of Stentorceps weedlei Nielsen and Buffington. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.114.1.5 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899LD UT WOS:000300816500002 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Lill, JT Kula, RR O'Hara, JE Wahl, DB Smith, DR Whitfield, JB Murphy, SM Stoepler, TM AF Gates, Michael W. Lill, John T. Kula, Robert R. O'Hara, James E. Wahl, David B. Smith, David R. Whitfield, James B. Murphy, Shannon M. Stoepler, Teresa M. TI REVIEW OF PARASITOID WASPS AND FLIES (HYMENOPTERA, DIPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH LIMACODIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH A KEY TO GENERA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE hyperparasitoid; parasitic; slug moth caterpillar; Acharia; Acrolyta; Alveoplectrus; Ascogaster; Austrophorocera; Baryceros; Casinaria; Ceraphron; Compsilura; Conura; Cotesia; Euclea; Hyposoter; Isa; Isdromas; Isochaetes; Lithacodes; Lysibia; Mesochorus; Natada; Orthogonalys; Packardia; Parasa; Pediobius; Phobetron; Platyplectrus; Prolimacodes; Psychophagus; Systropus; Taeniogonalos; Tortricidea; Trichogramma; Triraphis; Uramya ID CONCINNATA MEIGEN DIPTERA; GYPSY-MOTH; HOST ASSOCIATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY; TACHINIDAE DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HERRICH-SCHAEFFER; LYSIBIA-NANA; INSECT PESTS; BASE-LINE AB Hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids of slug moth caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from North America are reviewed, and an illustrated key to 23 genera is presented. Limacodid surveys and rearing were conducted during the summer months of 2004-2009 as part of research on the ecology and natural history of Limacodidae in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.A. Parasitoid rearing involved a combination of collecting naturally occurring larvae in the field (at least 14 host species) and placing out large numbers of "sentinel" larvae derived from laboratory colonies of three host species. Species in the following families are documented from limacodids in North America as primary or secondary parasitoids (number of genera for each family in parentheses; number of genera included in key but not reared through this research in brackets): Chalcididae ([1]; Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), Eulophidae (3; Chalcidoidea), Pteromalidae ([1]; Chalcidoidea), Trichogrammatidae (1; Chalcidoidea), Braconidae (3 [1]; Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), Ichneumonidae (7 [3]; Ichneumonoidea), Ceraphronidae (1; Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea), Trigonalidae (2; Hymenoptera: Trigonaloidea), Bombyliidae ([l]; Diptera: Asilioidea), and Tachinidae (3; Oestroidea). We recovered 20 of 28 genera known to attack limacodids in North America. Records discerned through rearing in the mid-Atlantic region are augmented with previously published host-parasitoid relationships for Limacodidae in North America north of Mexico. New records are reported for the following parasitoids (total new records in parentheses): Uramya limacodis (Walker) (1), U. pristis (Townsend) (5), Austrophorocera spp. (6), Ceraphron sp. (1), Alveoplectrus lilli Gates (1), Playplectrus americana (Girault) (10), Pediobius crassicornis (Thomson) (1), Trichogramma (1), Mesochorus discitergus (Say) (1), Hyposoter fugitivus (Say) (1), and Isdromas lycaenae (Howard) (5). The male of Platyplectrus americana (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is redescribed, and the female is described for the first time. Incidental and miscellaneous host-parasitoid associations are discussed, and it is concluded that most of these records are likely parasitoids of contaminants accidentally introduced during the limacodid rearing process. Triraphis eupoeyiae (Ashmead), new combination, is transferred from Rogas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). C1 [Gates, Michael W.; Kula, Robert R.; Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lill, John T.; Stoepler, Teresa M.] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [O'Hara, James E.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Natl Collect Insects, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Wahl, David B.] Amer Entomol Inst, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Whitfield, James B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Murphy, Shannon M.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gates@ars.usda.gov; lillj@gwu.edu; robert.kula@ars.usda.gov; james.ohara@agr.gc.ca; aei@aei.cfcoxmail.com; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; jwhitfie@life.uiuc.edu; Shannon.M.Murphy@du.edu; teresa_stoepler@gmail.com NR 276 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 24 EP 110 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.114.1.24 PG 87 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899LD UT WOS:000300816500004 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Perez-Lachaud, G AF Gates, Michael W. Perez-Lachaud, Gabriela TI DESCRIPTION OF CAMPONOTOPHILUS DELVAREI, GEN. N. AND SP N. (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: EURYTOMIDAE), WITH DISCUSSION OF DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Camponotus; myrmecophily; parasitoid; taxonomy ID ANT; DIAPRIIDAE; PROCTOTRUPOIDEA; FORMICIDAE; MICROSCOPE; BIOLOGY; WASPS AB The new genus Camponotophilus Gates is described, and characters of phylogenetic, diagnostic, and myrmecophilic importance are discussed. Camponotophilus delvarei Gates, new species is described. This is the first report of myrmecophily in Eurytomidae, and a discussion of morphological trends in myrmecophilic parasitic Hymenoptera is provided. C1 [Gates, Michael W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Perez-Lachaud, Gabriela] Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gates@ars.usda.gov; igperez@ecosur.mx NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.114.1.111 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899LD UT WOS:000300816500005 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI First Eastern North American Records of Campyloneura virgula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899LD UT WOS:000300816500009 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Steinly, BA Buckingham, GR Deonier, BC AF Mathis, Wayne N. Steinly, Bruce A., Jr. Buckingham, Gary R. Deonier, Bryan C. TI Dick L. Deonier 1936-2011 OBITUARY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Steinly, Bruce A., Jr.] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Buckingham, Gary R.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu; steinlba@muohio.edu; gbuckingham@frontiernet.net; deonierbc@yahoo.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 114 IS 1 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 899LD UT WOS:000300816500011 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Zylstra, KE Mastro, VC AF Williams, David W. Zylstra, Kelley E. Mastro, Victor C. BE Slippers, B DeGroot, P Wingfield, MJ TI Ecological Considerations in Using Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola for the Biological Control of Sirex noctilio in North America SO SIREX WOODWASP AND ITS FUNGAL SYMBIONT: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF A WORLDWIDE INVASIVE PEST LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA-SIRICIDAE; WOODWASPS; NEOTYLENCHIDAE; PARASITOIDS; AUSTRALIA; ACRIDIDAE; NEMATODA; AFRICA; AGENTS AB Sirex noctilio was discovered in North America in New York, USA in 2004. The woodwasp has the potential to damage pine forest resources if it is not controlled. Sirex has been managed with varying degrees of success in pine plantations throughout the Southern Hemisphere using biological control. The most successful control agent is the "Kamona strain" of the nematode, Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola. The technology for mass rearing and applying the nematode has been developed through many years of research in Australia. Thus, implementing a biological control program in North America seemed at first to be a simple matter of technology transfer. This has proved not to be the case because of environmental factors that both affect and are affected by use of the nematode. The first set of factors includes climate and the discovery of an indigenous strain of D. siricidicola. Climate may affect the overwinter survival and population increase of the nematode, as well as the timing of program operations, whereas the presence of another strain complicates nematode identification and, hence, the evaluation of effectiveness of the Kamona strain. In addition, strain hybridization may occur, potentially decreasing the efficacy of the Kamona strain. The second set of factors includes possible effects of the nematode on non-target North American siricids. As many as five species of native pine-feeding Siricinae potentially may be exposed to infection by the nematode when it is released. C1 [Williams, David W.; Zylstra, Kelley E.; Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Otis Lab, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM david.w.williams@aphis.usda.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-94-007-1960-6 PY 2012 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1960-6_10 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1960-6 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BZG37 UT WOS:000301511200010 ER PT J AU Crook, DJ Boroczky, K Zylstra, KE Mastro, VC Tumlinson, JH AF Crook, Damon J. Boeroeczky, Katalin Zylstra, Kelley E. Mastro, Victor C. Tumlinson, James H. BE Slippers, B DeGroot, P Wingfield, MJ TI The Chemical Ecology of Sirex noctilio SO SIREX WOODWASP AND ITS FUNGAL SYMBIONT: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF A WORLDWIDE INVASIVE PEST LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PINUS-RADIATA; HYMENOPTERA-SIRICIDAE; NORTH-AMERICA; WOODWASP; ATTRACTANTS; COMPONENTS; OIL AB The recent detection of an established Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) population in New York, USA highlighted an urgent need to develop a trapping system so that the wasp's distribution and density can be monitored effectively. This review is of research that has been done on the insect's biology and chemical ecology towards this goal. This includes detailed work on the volatile composition of pine trees and the antennal responses they elicit in S. noctilio. Despite the testing of several promising volatile blends, there is still no effective lure that is as attractive as a funnel trap placed on trees stressed by injection with a herbicide. The possibility of a pheromone attractant between the sexes has also been studied at both the morphological and chemical level. This work has led to the identification of three sex pheromone components, (Z)-7-heptacosene, (Z)-7-nonacosene and (Z)-9-nonacosene to which males respond at short range. There is currently no evidence that S. noctilio has a long-range sex pheromone. Behavioral cues for host and mate selection (olfactory, visual and/or auditory) clearly need to be investigated further if we are to develop a monitoring trap that is more effective than a chemically stressed 'trap tree'. C1 [Crook, Damon J.; Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Boeroeczky, Katalin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Boeroeczky, Katalin] N Carolina State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zylstra, Kelley E.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. [Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Crook, DJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Lab, Bldg 1398,W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM damon.j.crook@aphis.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-94-007-1960-6 PY 2012 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1960-6_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1960-6 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BZG37 UT WOS:000301511200011 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ de Groot, P AF Dodds, Kevin J. de Groot, Peter BE Slippers, B DeGroot, P Wingfield, MJ TI Sirex, Surveys and Management: Challenges of having Sirex noctilio in North America SO SIREX WOODWASP AND ITS FUNGAL SYMBIONT: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF A WORLDWIDE INVASIVE PEST LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHWESTERN PONDEROSA PINE; MAJOR ICE STORM; SIRICID WOODWASPS; UNITED-STATES; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA; SHOOT BEETLE; IPS-PINI; NEW-YORK; PLANTATIONS; HYMENOPTERA AB Since 2004, when the Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, was first discovered in North America, there have been intensive efforts to survey and determine the area infested and to assess management options. In this chapter we review the history of survey efforts in Canada and the USA from 2005 to 2009 and the challenges facing these surveys. Next we describe the significant differences between North America and the Southern Hemisphere (where this insect is a serious pest) in forest types, natural disturbance regimes, competing insects and disease, and forest management methods and how they affect surveys and management. We review the logistical issues of landscape and forest diversity, ownership, and access that affect the implementation of surveys, and biological issues of native siricids and other associated insects and diseases that complicate the use of trap trees and traps. We discuss the challenges of using silviculture and biological methods in North America to control S. noctilio. We conclude that management of S. noctilio will not be easy and must be multifaceted. The diversity, heterogeneity and complexity of North America's natural forests in terms of natural enemies and competing insects and diseases, may be a problem for survey efforts, but also a solution for management. Finally, the situation in North America is unique, allowing many interesting questions on invasion biology, community ecology, and management of an invasive species in native pine communities to be addressed. C1 [Dodds, Kevin J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [de Groot, Peter] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kdodds@fs.fed.us NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-94-007-1960-6 PY 2012 BP 265 EP 286 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1960-6_19 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1960-6 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BZG37 UT WOS:000301511200019 ER PT J AU Tarver, MR Mattison, CP Florane, CB Hinchliffe, DJ Zhang, DH Lax, AR AF Tarver, Matthew R. Mattison, Christopher P. Florane, Christopher B. Hinchliffe, Doug J. Zhang, Dunhua Lax, Alan R. TI Screening of Multiple Potential Control Genes for use in Caste and Body Region Comparisons Using RT-qPCR in Coptotermes formosanus SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERMITE RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; JUVENILE-HORMONE; UNITED-STATES; EXPRESSION; HEXAMERIN; ISOPTERA; GUT; PCR AB Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus, are a significant worldwide pest. Molecular gene expression is an important tool for understanding the physiology of organisms. The recent advancement of molecular tools for Coptotermes formosanus is leading to the advancement of the understanding of termite physiology. One of the first steps in analyzing gene expression is the normalization to constant reference genes. Stable reference genes that have constant expression across multiple treatments are important for accurately comparing target genes' expression. The objective of this investigation was to analyze and validate a set of potential reference genes including 18S rRNA; Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gadphd); ribosomal protein L7 (RPL); beta-actin (BA1); alpha-tubulin (Atube); alpha-actin (Aactin); and elongation factor (Elong) as standards for analysis of transcriptional changes in the termite Coptotermes formosanus, across two phenotypic castes, body regions, and colonies. We also compared the expression of hexamerin-1 and 2 using stable and unstable reference genes to demonstrate the importance of consistent control genes. Our results demonstrate that 18S and RPL can serve as reliable expression standards when comparing these different castes and body regions, and we show that C. formosanus Hex-1 and Hex-2 have expression patterns similar to that previously described in R. flavipes. C1 [Tarver, Matthew R.; Florane, Christopher B.; Zhang, Dunhua; Lax, Alan R.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Mattison, Christopher P.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Hinchliffe, Doug J.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Tarver, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ESTADUAL FEIRA SANTANA PI FEIRA DE SANTANA PA AV TRANSORDESTINA S N NOVO HORIZONTE, FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHAI CEP44036-900, BRAZIL SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 81 EP 95 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920EF UT WOS:000302384800008 ER PT S AU Trosper, RL Parrotta, JA AF Trosper, Ronald L. Parrotta, John A. BE Parrotta, JA Trosper, RL TI Introduction: The Growing Importance of Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge SO TRADITIONAL FOREST-RELATED KNOWLEDGE: SUSTAINING COMMUNITIES, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY SE World Forests LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE Biocultural diversity; Forest policy; Forest management; Indigenous peoples; Knowledge systems; Sustainability; Traditional communities; Traditional knowledge; United Nations ID PIKANGIKUM 1ST NATION; ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY AB The knowledge, innovations, and practices of local and indigenous communities have supported their forest-based livelihoods for countless generations. The role of traditional knowledge-and the bio-cultural diversity it sustains-is increasingly recognized as important by decision makers, conservation and development organizations, and the scientific community. However, there has long existed a lack of understanding of, and an uneasy relationship between, the beliefs and practices of traditional communities and those of formal forest science. This mutual incomprehension has a number of unfortunate consequences, both for human societies and our planet's forests and woodlands, which play out both on solid ground in many parts of the world as well as in international policy arenas. In this chapter, we define traditional forest-related knowledge, and explore the relationships between traditional knowledge systems and scientific approaches. We follow with an overview of the scope and central questions to be addressed in subsequent chapters of the book, and then provide an overview of international and intergovernmental policy processes that affect traditional knowledge and its practitioners. Finally, we introduce some of the major international programmes and research initiatives that focus on traditional forest-related knowledge and its applications for sustaining livelihoods in local and indigenous communities in a world struggling to deal with environmental, cultural, social, and economic change. C1 [Parrotta, John A.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Trosper, Ronald L.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. RP Parrotta, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA USA. EM rltrosper@email.arizona.edu; jparrotta@fs.fed.us NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1566-0427 BN 978-94-007-2143-2 J9 WORLD FORESTS JI WORLD FOR PY 2012 VL 12 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_1 D2 10.107/978-94-007-2144.9 PG 36 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BZG31 UT WOS:000301510500001 ER PT S AU Trosper, RL Clark, F Gerez-Fernandez, P Lake, F McGregor, D Peters, CM Purata, S Ryan, T Thomson, A Watson, AE Wyatt, S AF Trosper, Ronald L. Clark, Fred Gerez-Fernandez, Patrica Lake, Frank McGregor, Deborah Peters, Charles M. Purata, Silvia Ryan, Teresa Thomson, Alan Watson, Alan E. Wyatt, Stephen BE Parrotta, JA Trosper, RL TI North America SO TRADITIONAL FOREST-RELATED KNOWLEDGE: SUSTAINING COMMUNITIES, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY SE World Forests LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Canada; Cultural diversity; Forest history; Ejidos; Forest management; Forestry education; Indigenous peoples; Mexico; Traditional knowledge; United States ID TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT; PIKANGIKUM 1ST NATION; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; INDIAN-RESERVATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LAND-USE; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; ABORIGINAL FORESTRY; NATURAL-RESOURCES AB The colonial history of North America presents a contrast between Mexico and the two predominantly English-speaking countries, the United States and Canada. In Mexico, indigenous and other local communities own considerable forested lands, a consequence of the Mexican Revolution of the early twentieth century. In the United States, forest land is now primarily in private or federal hands, while in Canada forest land is primarily managed by the provinces. In all three countries, traditional knowledge had little effect upon forestry until the end of the twentieth century. In Mexico and the United States, the central government retained control over forested lands ostensibly held by communities. Policy changes in those two countries have ecentralized control to indigenous peoples, and their ideas have started to affect forestry. In Canada, although traditional management of lands in remote regions persisted until the middle of the twentieth century, provincial policies have generally been displacing indigenous control; First Nations knowledge, which has survived well in some areas, is only recently being applied to forest management, and in only a few examples. C1 [Trosper, Ronald L.; Ryan, Teresa] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Clark, Fred] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gerez-Fernandez, Patrica] Univ Veracruzana, Inst Biotechnol & Ecol Aplicada, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Lake, Frank] US Forest Serv, Arcata, CA USA. [McGregor, Deborah] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Peters, Charles M.] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Purata, Silvia] People & Plants Int, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. [Thomson, Alan] Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Watson, Alan E.] Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. [Wyatt, Stephen] Univ Moncton, Edmundston, NB, Canada. RP Trosper, RL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM rltrosper@email.arizona.edu; fclark@fs.fed.us; flake@fs.ed.us; d.mcgregor@utoronto.ca; cpeters@nybg.org; ajthomson@shaw.ca; awatson@fs.fed.us; swyatt@umce.ca NR 260 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1566-0427 BN 978-94-007-2143-2 J9 WORLD FORESTS JI WORLD FOR PY 2012 VL 12 BP 157 EP 201 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_5 D2 10.107/978-94-007-2144.9 PG 45 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BZG31 UT WOS:000301510500005 ER PT S AU Parrotta, JA Agnoletti, M AF Parrotta, John A. Agnoletti, Mauro BE Parrotta, JA Trosper, RL TI Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge and Climate Change SO TRADITIONAL FOREST-RELATED KNOWLEDGE: SUSTAINING COMMUNITIES, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY SE World Forests LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Adaptation; Agroforestry; Biofuels; Carbon markets; Climate change; Environmental policy; Forest management; Traditional communities; Mitigation; Traditional agriculture; Traditional knowledge ID FODDER TREES; CULTURAL LANDSCAPE; LAND-USE; FARMERS; CONSTRAINTS; MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; DEFORESTATION; EMISSIONS; IMPACTS AB The holders and users of traditional forest-related knowledge are on the front lines of global efforts to deal with climate change and its impacts. Because of their close connection with, and high dependence on, forest ecosystems and landscapes, indigenous and local communities are among the first to witness, understand, and experience the impacts of climate change on forests and woodlands as well as on their livelihoods and cultures. The history of forest and agricultural landscape management practices of indigenous and local communities based on their traditional knowledge offer insights into principles and approaches that may be effective in coping with, and adapting to, climate change in the years ahead. Global, regional, national and local efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, however, have not yet given adequate attention either to the forest-related knowledge and practices of traditional communities, or to the interests, needs and rights of local and indigenous communities in the formulation of policies and programmes to combat climate change. Due consideration of, and a more prominent role for, traditional forest-related knowledge and its practitioners could lead to the development of more effective and equitable approaches for facing the challenges posed by climate change while enhancing prospects for sustainable management of forest resources. C1 [Parrotta, John A.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Agnoletti, Mauro] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci & Teconolgie Ambientali Forestal, Fac Agr, Florence, Italy. RP Parrotta, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA USA. EM jparrotta@fs.fed.us; mauro.agnoletti@unifi.it NR 115 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1566-0427 BN 978-94-007-2143-2 J9 WORLD FORESTS JI WORLD FOR PY 2012 VL 12 BP 491 EP 533 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_13 D2 10.107/978-94-007-2144.9 PG 43 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BZG31 UT WOS:000301510500013 ER PT S AU Trosper, RL Parrotta, JA Agnoletti, M Bocharnikov, V Feary, SA Gabay, M Gamborg, C Latorre, JG Johann, E Laletin, A Fui, LH Oteng-Yeboah, A Pinedo-Vasquez, M Ramakrishnan, PS Yeo-Chang, Y AF Trosper, Ronald L. Parrotta, John A. Agnoletti, Mauro Bocharnikov, Vladimir Feary, Suzanne A. Gabay, Monica Gamborg, Christian Latorre, Jesus Garcia Johann, Elisabeth Laletin, Andrey Fui, Lim Hin Oteng-Yeboah, Alfred Pinedo-Vasquez, Miguel Ramakrishnan, P. S. Yeo-Chang, Youn BE Parrotta, JA Trosper, RL TI The Unique Character of Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge: Threats and Challenges Ahead SO TRADITIONAL FOREST-RELATED KNOWLEDGE: SUSTAINING COMMUNITIES, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY SE World Forests LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biodiversity; Cultural diversity; Forest management; Forest science; Local communities; Indigenous peoples; Sustainability; Traditional knowledge ID ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; MANAGEMENT AB This chapter reflects on the major findings of the lead authors of this book regarding traditional forest-related knowledge (TFRK) using five criteria for distinguishing the unique character of traditional knowledge: (I) its attention to sustainability; (2) relationships to land; (3) identity; (4) reciprocity; and (5) limitations on market involvement. Following an explanation of these criteria, we discuss the definition of "traditional forest-related knowledge," with some remarks about its resilience. We then consider threats to the maintenance of TFRK, how other definitions of sustainability differ from that used in TFRK, and how relationships that holders of this knowledge have to their land have been weakened and their identities challenged. We highlight how the key role of reciprocity, or the sharing of the utilization of land, is undermined by individualistic motives which are promoted by the global expansion of modern markets (for commodities, ecosystems services and for knowledge itself), which also challenge the policies of traditional knowledge holders to keep market influences under control. We then focus on two notable, but often ignored, contributions of TFRK (and the holders of this knowledge) to forest management today, specifically the preservation of biodiversity, and traditional knowledge-based shifting cultivation practices and their importance for both sustainable management of forests and food security. Finally, we consider enabling conditions for the preservation and development of TFRK, and examine the role of the scientific community in relation to TFRK and principles for successful collaboration between traditional knowledge holders and scientists. C1 [Trosper, Ronald L.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Parrotta, John A.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Agnoletti, Mauro] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci & Teconolgie Ambientali Forestal, Fac Agr, Florence, Italy. [Bocharnikov, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. [Feary, Suzanne A.] Conservat Management, Vincentia, NSW, Australia. [Gabay, Monica] Secretariat Environm & Sustainable Dev, Directorate Forestry, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Gamborg, Christian] Univ Copenhagen, Danish Ctr Forest Landscape & Planning, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Latorre, Jesus Garcia] Fed Minist Agr Forestry Environm & Water Manageme, Vienna, Austria. [Johann, Elisabeth] Austrian Forest Assoc, Vienna, Austria. [Laletin, Andrey] Friends Siberian Forests, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. [Fui, Lim Hin] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. [Oteng-Yeboah, Alfred] Univ Ghana, Dept Bot, Legon, Ghana. [Pinedo-Vasquez, Miguel] Columbia Univ, CERC, New York, NY USA. [Pinedo-Vasquez, Miguel] Ctr Int Forest Res CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. [Ramakrishnan, P. S.] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Environm Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. [Yeo-Chang, Youn] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Trosper, RL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. EM rltrosper@email.arizona.edu; jparrotta@fs.fed.us; mauro.agnoletti@unifi.it; vbocharnikov@mail.ru; suefeary@hotkey.net.au; monagabay@yahoo.com; chg@life.ku.dk; jesus.garcia-latorre@lebensministerium.at; elisabet.johann@aon.at; laletin3@gmail.com; limhf@frim.gov.my; alfred.otengyeboah@gmail.com; map57@columbia.edu; psr@mail.jnu.ac.ac.in; youn@snu.ac.kr RI Gamborg, Christian/L-7392-2014 OI Gamborg, Christian/0000-0003-3150-8280 NR 62 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1566-0427 BN 978-94-007-2143-2 J9 WORLD FORESTS JI WORLD FOR PY 2012 VL 12 BP 563 EP 588 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_15 D2 10.107/978-94-007-2144.9 PG 26 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BZG31 UT WOS:000301510500015 ER PT J AU Momm, HG Bingner, RL Wells, RR Wilcox, D AF Momm, H. G. Bingner, R. L. Wells, R. R. Wilcox, D. TI AGNPS GIS-BASED TOOL FOR WATERSHED-SCALE IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF CROPLAND POTENTIAL EPHEMERAL GULLIES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; Compound topographic index; Ephemeral gully; GIS; Cropland erosion ID SOIL-EROSION; PREDICTION; FLOW AB The formation of ephemeral gullies in agricultural fields has been recognized as an important source of sediment contributing to environmental degradation and compromising crop productivity. Methodologies are being developed for assessing gully formation and gully sediment yield. The Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) pollution model is an important tool for multi-temporal watershed-scale simulations because it contains the necessary components for ephemeral gully investigation, making AnnAGNPS a commonly used tool for evaluations of agricultural conservation and operation practices. AnnAGNPS requires the user to define the location of ephemeral gullies throughout the watershed, what often constitutes a time consuming task where users may not accurately locate and describe all ephemeral gully locations. Alternatively, herein a GIS-based graphical user interface is described for the automated identification of areas with high probability of forming ephemeral gullies, referred to as potential ephemeral gullies (PEGs), based on the modified Compound Topographic Index (CTI). Through the aid of a study case, PEG mouth locations along with their attributes are generated through an iterative procedure by varying different CTI threshold values (99.9%, 99.5%, 99.0%, 98.5%, and 98%). Three sets of yielded PEG mouth locations and corresponding attributes were then integrated with AnnAGNPS for assessment of the impact of potential ephemeral gullies in the watershed sediment erosion. Analysis of the spatial distribution of estimates of annual average of gully erosion identifies the sub-watersheds prone to ephemeral gully erosion, thus enhancing the applicability of AnnAGNPS to evaluate conservation practices and/or targeted interventions designed to address ephemeral gully erosion at the watershed-scale. C1 [Momm, H. G.; Bingner, R. L.; Wells, R. R.; Wilcox, D.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Momm, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM henrique.momm@ars.usda.gov RI Momm, Henrique/C-7139-2013 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 913SV UT WOS:000301898600003 ER PT J AU Baker, KD Hughs, E AF Baker, K. D. Hughs, E. TI A SURVEY OF SEED COTTON DRYERS IN COTTON GINS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Energy; Cotton gin; Moisture content; Drying; Pressure drop; Airflow; Temperature control AB Seed cotton drying is an important and costly part of cotton ginning. Seed cotton having a moisture content above 7% cannot be cleaned or ginned properly. In this study, 73 dryers were surveyed by on-site visits in 23 gins located in the southwestern United States during the 2007 to 2010 ginning seasons. Drying systems surveyed included: standard tower, short tower, hot shelf hi-volume tower, belt, big reel, vertical, hot air cleaner, pipe, cross-flow, hot box, hi-slip, jet, fountain, and collider systems. Forty-eight percent of dryers had the recommended dual temperature controls, while 26% had only a primary temperature control and 26% had only a maximum temperature control. Belt and big reel dryers had the lowest specific airflow rates (0.34 to 0.72 m(3)/kg of seed cotton) and also had the lowest energy in the conveying air (1.7 kJ/kg of lint or less). Collider, fountain, and hi-volume tower dryers had the highest specific airflow rates (1.9 to 2.8 m(3)/kg) and hi-slip, hi-volume tower, and standard tower dryers had the highest energy in the conveying air (7.7 kJ/kg or more). Belt, cross-flow, and hot air cleaner dryers had the lowest pressure drop across the dryer (0.5 kPa or less), while hi-slip, pipe, and standard tower dryers had the highest pressure drop (1.8 kPa or more). Fuel use was positively correlated with airflow (r=0.58) and temperature rise (r=0.59). Systems with fountain, collider, belt, big reel, jet, and hot air cleaner dryers had favorable, low values for fuel use (13.7 kJ/kg of lint or less), while systems with crossflow and hi-volume tower dryers had high values for fuel use (30.0 kJ/kg or more). C1 [Baker, K. D.; Hughs, E.] USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Baker, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578 300 E Coll Dr, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM kevibake@nmsu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 913SV UT WOS:000301898600010 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, S. O. TI COAXIAL-PROBE CONTACT-FORCE MONITORING FOR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES MEASUREMENTS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Contact force; Coaxial probe; Dielectric properties measurement; Load cell; Strain meter AB A means is described for measuring and monitoring the contact force applied to a material sample with an open-ended coaxial-line probe for purposes of measuring the dielectric properties of semisolid material samples such as fruit, vegetable, and animal tissues. The equipment consists of a stainless steel sample cup, load cell and associated strain meter, and an aluminum alignment sleeve to ensure that the force acting on the sample is properly transferred to the load cell. The assembly (sample, sample cup, load cell, and spacer in the alignment sleeve) rests on a platform with position adjustable vertically to raise the assembly and provide contact of the sample with a rigidly mounted coaxial probe above the sample holder. The strain meter to which the load cell is connected displays the force between the probe and the sample to facilitate monitoring this contact force. Use of a consistent contact force helps to reduce the variation in results of dielectric properties measurements by this technique. C1 ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 913SV UT WOS:000301898600016 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Jones, DR Yoon, SC Heitschmidt, GW Anderson, KE AF Lawrence, K. C. Jones, D. R. Yoon, S. C. Heitschmidt, G. W. Anderson, K. E. TI IMPROVED HAIRLINE CRACK DETECTOR AND POOR SHELL-QUALITY EGGS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Eggs; Microcrack; Egg crack; Eggshell; Shell quality; Vacuum; Negative pressure; Imaging; Image processing AB As more egg processors are moving to in-line processing facilities, human egg graders are having difficulties detecting small hairline-cracks in table eggs. These small hair-line cracks are much harder to detect than larger or older cracks. To aid graders, a modified-pressure imaging system was developed to detect cracks in table eggs. The original system was modified and can now process 20 eggs at a time in batch mode. The eggs are positioned on rollers and held in a sealed clear acrylic chamber. The system utilizes high-intensity white LED lights for illumination and a stepper motor is now used to automate the rotation of the eggs. It also uses a high-resolution monochromatic camera to take images of the eggs. The first image is taken at atmospheric pressure and the second is taken while the chamber undergoes a short, rapid, negative change in pressure. If there is no crack, then there is effectively no difference in the two images. However, if a crack is present, it causes an increase in the intensity of the crack pixels in the negative-pressure image resulting in a significant difference between the two images. This difference (in the form of a ratio) is the basis for identifying a crack Software then displays the egg images and color-codes each egg as either green (intact) or red (cracked) and highlights any cracks with a contrasting color. Typically, the system uses four sets of images to cover practically all the eggs surface and completes the crack detection in about 40 s. The modified system was tested with poor shell-quality eggs from multiple strains of hens to see if it would induce cracks in these eggs. Analysis of 3279 poor shell-quality eggs (both white and brown), from six strains of pre-molt hens, laid in the heat of the summer, resulted in only one crack caused by the system (0.03%). Thus, it is highly unusual for the system to cause cracks in intact eggs, even eggs with poor shell quality. C1 [Lawrence, K. C.; Jones, D. R.; Yoon, S. C.; Heitschmidt, G. W.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kurt.lawrence@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 913SV UT WOS:000301898600017 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Sainju, UM Stevens, WB Evans, RG AF Jabro, Jay D. Sainju, Upendra M. Stevens, William B. Evans, Robert G. TI Estimation of CO2 diffusion coefficient at 0-10 cm depth in undisturbed and tilled soils SO ARCHIVES OF AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil; tillage ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; POROUS-MEDIA; GAS DIFFUSIVITY; IN-SITU; WATER CHARACTERISTICS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; MODELING DIFFUSION; GASEOUS-DIFFUSION; VAPOR DIFFUSION; RETENTION AB Diffusion coefficients (D) of CO2 at 0-10 cm layers in undisturbed and tilled soil conditions were estimated using the Penman (Penman HL. 1940. Gas and vapor movement in soil, 1. The diffusion of vapours through porous solids. J Agric Sci. 30:437-463), Millington-Quirk (Millington RJ, Quirk JP. 1960. Transport in porous media. In:Van Baren FA, editor. Transactions of the 7th International Congress of Soil Science. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 97-106), Ridgwell et al. (Ridgwell AJ, Marshall SJ, Gregson K. 1999. Consumption of atmospheric methane by soils:A process-based model. Global Biogeochem Cy. 13:59-70), Troeh et al. (Troeh FR, Jabro JD, Kirkham D. 1982. Gaseous diffusion equations for porous materials. Geoderma. 27:239-258) and Moldrup et al. (Moldrup P, Kruse CW, Rolston DE, Yamaguchi T. 1996. Modeling diffusion and reaction in soils:III. Predicting gas diffusivity from the Campbell soil-water retention model. Soil Sci. 161:366-375) models. Soil bulk density and volumetric soil water content (theta(v)) at 0-10 cm were measured on 14 April, 2 June and 12 July 2005 at 0-10 cm depth in no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) malt barley and undisturbed soil grass-alfalfa (UGA) systems. Air-filled porosity (epsilon) was calculated from total soil porosity and theta(v) measurements. Both soil air porosity and estimated CO2 diffusivity at the 0-10 cm depth were significantly affected by tillage. Results of CO2 diffusion coefficients in the soil followed trends similar to those for soil epsilon data. The CT tended to have significantly greater estimated soil CO2 diffusion coefficients than the NT and UGA treatments. The relationship between D/D-0, and air-filled porosity was well described by a power (R-2 = 0.985) function. The model is useful for predicting CO2 gas-diffusion coefficients in undisturbed and tilled soils at various ranges of epsilon where actual gas D measurements are time-consuming, costly and infeasible. C1 [Jabro, Jay D.; Sainju, Upendra M.; Stevens, William B.; Evans, Robert G.] ARS, NPARL, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), ARS, NPARL, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0365-0340 J9 ARCH AGRON SOIL SCI JI Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/03650340.2010.506482 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 909RD UT WOS:000301581000001 ER PT J AU Fortner, SK Lyons, WB Carey, AE Shipitalo, MJ Welch, SA Welch, KA AF Fortner, S. K. Lyons, W. B. Carey, A. E. Shipitalo, M. J. Welch, S. A. Welch, K. A. TI Silicate weathering and CO2 consumption within agricultural landscapes, the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin, USA SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT; DISSOLVED SILICATE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; STREAM CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY AB Myriad studies have shown the extent of human alteration to global biogeochemical cycles. Yet, there is only a limited understanding of the influence that humans have over silicate weathering fluxes; fluxes that have regulated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and global climate over geologic timescales. Natural landscapes have been reshaped into agricultural ones to meet food needs for growing world populations. These processes modify soil properties, alter hydrology, affect erosion, and consequently impact water-soil-rock interactions such as chemical weathering. Dissolved silica (DSi), Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3-, and total alkalinity were measured in water samples collected from five small (0.0065 to 0.383 km(2)) gauged watersheds at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed (NAEW) near Coshocton, Ohio, USA. The sampled watersheds in this unglaciated region include: a forested site (70+ year stand), mixed agricultural use (corn, forest, pasture), an unimproved pasture, tilled corn, and a recently (< 3 yr) converted no-till corn field. The first three watersheds had perennial streams, but the two corn watersheds only produced runoff during storms and snowmelt. For the perennial streams, total discharge was an important control of dissolved silicate transport. Median DSi yields (2210-3080 kg km(-2) yr(-1)) were similar to the median of annual averages between 1979-2009 for the much larger Ohio-Tennessee River Basin (2560 kg km(-2) yr(-1)). Corn watersheds, which only had surface runoff, had substantially lower DSi yields (< 530 kg km(-2) yr(-1)) than the perennial-flow watersheds. The lack of contributions from Si-enriched groundwater largely explained their much lower DSi yields with respect to sites having baseflow. A significant positive correlation between the molar ratio of (Ca2++Mg2+)/alkalinity to DSi in the tilled corn and the forested site suggested, however, that silicate minerals weathered as alkalinity was lost via enhanced nitrification resulting from fertilizer additions to the corn watershed and from leaf litter decomposition in the forest. This same relation was observed in the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin where dominant landuse types include both agricultural lands receiving nitrogenous fertilizers and forests. Greater gains in DSi with respect to alkalinity losses in the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin than in the NAEW sites suggested that soils derived from younger Pleistocene glacial-till may yield more DSi relative to nitrogenous fertilizer applications than the older NAEW soils. Because silicate weathering occurs via acids released from nitrification, CO2 consumption estimates based on the assumption that silicate weathers via carbonic acid alone may be especially over-estimated in fertilized agricultural watersheds with little baseflow (i.e. 67 % overestimated in the corn till watershed). CO2 consumption estimates based on silicate weathering may be as much as 20 % lower than estimates derived from carbonic acid weathering alone for the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin between 1979-2009. Globally, this may mean that younger landscapes with soils favorable for agriculture are susceptible to fertilizer-enhanced silicate weathering. Increases in silicate weathering, however, may be offset by shifts in hydrology resulting from agricultural land management practices or even from soil silica losses in response to repeated acidification. C1 [Fortner, S. K.] Wittenberg Univ, Dept Geol, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. [Lyons, W. B.; Welch, S. A.; Welch, K. A.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lyons, W. B.; Carey, A. E.; Welch, S. A.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shipitalo, M. J.] ARS, USDA, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Fortner, SK (reprint author), Wittenberg Univ, Dept Geol, POB 720, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. EM sfortner@wittenberg.edu FU Ohio State University FX This work was supported by the Climate Water and Carbon Targeted Investment for Excellence grant from The Ohio State University to Rattan Lal. We are extremely grateful for this support. Thank you to the many people who helped with logistical, sampling, processing and watershed information retrieval efforts at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed and The Ohio State University including Vickie Dreher, Joyce Alloway, Gregory Alloway, James Bonta, Lloyd Owens, Deborah Leslie, Carla Whisner, Annette Trierweiler, Andrea Grottoli, Teresa Huey, Yohei Matsui, and Steven Goldsmith. Special thanks to Greg Koltun (USGS) for help with Ohio-Tennessee River Basin hydrogeochemical data retrieval and to Chris Gardner (The Ohio State University), Peter Cinotto (USGS), and to Phyllis Dieter (USDA) for generating the watershed map. Thanks also to Trey Fortner for his help creating final figures. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 70 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 941 EP 955 DI 10.5194/bg-9-941-2012 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 917LX UT WOS:000302179500005 ER PT J AU Ross, I Misson, L Rambal, S Arneth, A Scott, RL Carrara, A Cescatti, A Genesio, L AF Ross, I. Misson, L. Rambal, S. Arneth, A. Scott, R. L. Carrara, A. Cescatti, A. Genesio, L. TI How do variations in the temporal distribution of rainfall events affect ecosystem fluxes in seasonally water-limited Northern Hemisphere shrublands and forests? SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION PULSES; HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES; ACTIVE-ROLE; MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS AB Rainfall regimes became more extreme over the course of the 20th century, characterised by fewer and larger rainfall events. Such changes are expected to continue throughout the current century. The effect of changes in the temporal distribution of rainfall on ecosystem carbon fluxes is poorly understood, with most available information coming from experimental studies of grassland ecosystems. Here, continuous measurements of ecosystem carbon fluxes and precipitation from the worldwide FLUXNET network of eddy-covariance sites are exploited to investigate the effects of differences in rainfall distribution on the carbon balance of seasonally water-limited shrubland and forest sites. Once the strong dependence of ecosystem fluxes on total annual rainfall amount is accounted for, results show that sites with rainfall distributions characterised by fewer and larger rainfall events have significantly lower gross primary productivity, slightly lower ecosystem respiration and consequently a smaller net ecosystem productivity. C1 [Ross, I.; Misson, L.; Rambal, S.] CEFE CNRS, F-34000 Montpellier, France. [Arneth, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Arneth, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Scott, R. L.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Carrara, A.] Fdn CEAM, Paterna 46980, Spain. [Cescatti, A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Genesio, L.] Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Biometeorol IBIMET, I-51045 Florence, Italy. RP Ross, I (reprint author), CEFE CNRS, 1919 Route Mende, F-34000 Montpellier, France. EM ian@skybluetrades.net RI Ross, Ian/C-8766-2011; Genesio, Lorenzo/B-1218-2012; Arneth, Almut/B-2702-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Carrara, Arnaud/L-8144-2014; OI Genesio, Lorenzo/0000-0001-9265-886X; rambal, serge/0000-0001-5869-8382 FU CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; GreenGrass; KoFlux; LBA; NECC; OzFlux; TCOS-Siberia; USCCC; CarboEuropeIP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; Universite Laval; US Department of Energy; EU [FP7-ENV-2008-1-226701] FX This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: Amer-iFlux (US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911)), AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), GreenGrass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, USCCC. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonisation provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Universite Laval and Environment Canada and US Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California - Berkeley, University of Virginia.; Support for this work was provided by the EU project Carbo-Extreme (FP7-ENV-2008-1-226701). NR 100 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 48 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1007 EP 1024 DI 10.5194/bg-9-1007-2012 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 917LX UT WOS:000302179500010 ER PT J AU Moyano, FE Vasilyeva, N Bouckaert, L Cook, F Craine, J Yuste, JC Don, A Epron, D Formanek, P Franzluebbers, A Ilstedt, U Katterer, T Orchard, V Reichstein, M Rey, A Ruamps, L Subke, JA Thomsen, IK Chenu, C AF Moyano, F. E. Vasilyeva, N. Bouckaert, L. Cook, F. Craine, J. Yuste, J. Curiel Don, A. Epron, D. Formanek, P. Franzluebbers, A. Ilstedt, U. Katterer, T. Orchard, V. Reichstein, M. Rey, A. Ruamps, L. Subke, J. -A. Thomsen, I. K. Chenu, C. TI The moisture response of soil heterotrophic respiration: interaction with soil properties SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTLY TEXTURED SOILS; FILLED PORE-SPACE; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER-CONTENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST SOIL; DECOMPOSITION AB Soil moisture is of primary importance for predicting the evolution of soil carbon stocks and fluxes, both because it strongly controls organic matter decomposition and because it is predicted to change at global scales in the following decades. However, the soil functions used to model the heterotrophic respiration response to moisture have limited empirical support and introduce an uncertainty of at least 4% in global soil carbon stock predictions by 2100. The necessity of improving the representation of this relationship in models has been highlighted in recent studies. Here we present a data-driven analysis of soil moisture-respiration relations based on 90 soils. With the use of linear models we show how the relationship between soil heterotrophic respiration and different measures of soil moisture is consistently affected by soil properties. The empirical models derived include main effects and moisture interaction effects of soil texture, organic carbon content and bulk density. When compared to other functions currently used in different soil biogeochemical models, we observe that our results can correct biases and reconcile differences within and between such functions. Ultimately, accurate predictions of the response of soil carbon to future climate scenarios will require the integration of soil-dependent moisture-respiration functions coupled with realistic representations of soil water dynamics. C1 [Moyano, F. E.; Vasilyeva, N.; Ruamps, L.; Chenu, C.] UPMC, AgroParisTech, CNRS, UMR Bioemco 7618, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Bouckaert, L.] Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Craine, J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yuste, J. Curiel] Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Don, A.] Inst Agrarrelevante Klimaforsch, Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Epron, D.] Nancy Univ, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Formanek, P.] Mendel Univ Brno, Dept Geol & Soil Sci, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. [Franzluebbers, A.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Ilstedt, U.] SLU, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Katterer, T.] SLU, Dept Soil & Environm, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Reichstein, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Model Data Integrat Grp, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Subke, J. -A.] Univ Stirling, Sch Nat Sci Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Thomsen, I. K.] Organ Matter, Dept Agroecol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RP Moyano, FE (reprint author), UPMC, AgroParisTech, CNRS, UMR Bioemco 7618, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. EM fernando.moyano@grignon.inra.fr RI Formanek, Pavel/B-7459-2014; Rey, Ana/F-5791-2016; Thomsen, Ingrid Kaag/E-9773-2016; Subke, Jens-Arne/M-3049-2013; Curiel Yuste, Jorge/A-6438-2011; Craine, Joseph/D-4569-2009; Epron, Daniel/B-5093-2011; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Don, Axel/A-1618-2009; Katterer, Thomas/L-2107-2013 OI Rey, Ana/0000-0003-0394-101X; Subke, Jens-Arne/0000-0001-9244-639X; Ilstedt, Ulrik/0000-0002-5005-2568; Curiel Yuste, Jorge/0000-0002-3221-6960; Craine, Joseph/0000-0001-6561-3244; Epron, Daniel/0000-0001-9451-3437; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Don, Axel/0000-0001-7046-3332; Katterer, Thomas/0000-0002-1751-007X FU GIS Climat-Environnement-Societe FX This work was supported by the Project Carbosoil from GIS Climat-Environnement-Societe. England and Wales soils data were used under licence of "Soils Data (c) Cranfield University (NSRI) and for the Controller of HMSO, 2011". NR 46 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 117 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1173 EP 1182 DI 10.5194/bg-9-1173-2012 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 917LX UT WOS:000302179500022 ER PT J AU Tobimatsu, Y Elumalai, S Grabber, JH Davidson, CL Pan, XJ Ralph, J AF Tobimatsu, Yuki Elumalai, Sasikumar Grabber, John H. Davidson, Christy L. Pan, Xuejun Ralph, John TI Hydroxycinnamate Conjugates as Potential Monolignol Replacements: In vitro Lignification and Cell Wall Studies with Rosmarinic Acid SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE biomass; plant cells; enzymes; lignin; polymerization ID PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION; ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; LIGNIN COMPOSITION; CROSS-LINKING; CAFFEIC ACID; DEHYDROGENATIVE POLYMERIZATIONS; 5-HYDROXYCONIFERYL ALCOHOL; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; COUPLING REACTIONS AB The plasticity of lignin biosynthesis should permit the inclusion of new compatible phenolic monomers, such as rosmarinic acid (RA) and analogous catechol derivatives, into cell-wall lignins that are consequently less recalcitrant to biomass processing. In vitro lignin polymerization experiments revealed that RA readily underwent peroxidase-catalyzed copolymerization with monolignols and lignin oligomers to form polymers with new benzodioxane inter-unit linkages. Incorporation of RA permitted extensive depolymerization of synthetic lignins by mild alkaline hydrolysis, presumably by cleavage of ester intra-unit linkages within RA. Copolymerization of RA with monolignols into maize cell walls by in situ peroxidases significantly enhanced alkaline lignin extractability and promoted subsequent cell wall saccharification by fungal enzymes. Incorporating RA also improved cell wall saccharification by fungal enzymes and by rumen microflora even without alkaline pretreatments, possibly by modulating lignin hydrophobicity and/or limiting cell wall cross-linking. Consequently, we anticipate that bioengineering approaches for partial monolignol substitution with RA and analogous plant hydroxycinnamates would permit more efficient utilization of plant fiber for biofuels or livestock production. C1 [Tobimatsu, Yuki; Davidson, Christy L.; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Enzyme Inst, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Elumalai, Sasikumar; Pan, Xuejun; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Grabber, John H.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Bioenergy Initiat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tobimatsu, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Enzyme Inst, 1710 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM tobimatsu@wisc.edu; jralph@wisc.edu FU Stanford University; USDA-ARS; US DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Hoon Kim, Fachuang Lu, and Jorge Rencoret Pazo for helpful suggestions and assistance with NMR spectroscopy, and Dr. Kim also for providing compounds for cell wall lignification experiments. This work was supported primarily by a grant to J.R. and X.P. from Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) and by USDA-ARS in-house funds to J.G. The authors also acknowledge partial funding from the US DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). Y.T. gratefully acknowledges Postdoctoral Fellowship support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). NR 79 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 BP 676 EP 686 DI 10.1002/cssc.201100573 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917HV UT WOS:000302164500013 PM 22359379 ER PT S AU Hyytiainen, K Haight, RG AF Hyytiainen, Karl Haight, Robert G. BE Pukkala, T VonGadow, K TI Optimizing Continuous Cover Forest Management SO CONTINUOUS COVER FORESTRY, SECOND EDITION SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNEVEN-AGED STAND; MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD STANDS; ECONOMIC RETURNS; TREE DIVERSITY; CUTTING-CYCLE; NORWAY SPRUCE; PINE STANDS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; STOCHASTIC PRICES C1 [Hyytiainen, Karl] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Helsinki 00790, Finland. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hyytiainen, K (reprint author), MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland. EM kari.hyytiainen@mtt.fi; rhaight@fs.fed.us NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 978-94-007-2201-9 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2012 VL 23 BP 195 EP 227 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2202-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-2202-6 PG 33 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BZK04 UT WOS:000301803000006 ER PT J AU Blair, AC Blumenthal, D Hufbauer, RA AF Blair, Amy C. Blumenthal, Dana Hufbauer, Ruth A. TI Hybridization and invasion: an experimental test with diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Centaurea diffusa; Centaurea stoebe; common garden experiment; diffuse knapweed; interspecific hybridization; invasion; spotted knapweed ID SPOTTED KNAPWEED; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; MACULOSA; PLANTS; SELECTION; ASTERACEAE; SUCCESS; BIOLOGY; STOEBE AB A number of studies have suggested a link between hybridization and invasion. In this study, we experimentally test the potential for hybridization to influence invasion through a greenhouse common garden study. Diffuse knapweed (DK) (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) was introduced to North America with admixture from spotted knapweed (SK) (Centaurea stoebe subsp. stoebe L.). Comparisons between North American DK (including hybrid phenotypes) and native (European) DK in a common garden did not reveal enhanced performance or increased phenotypic variance, suggesting that pre-introduction hybridization or, more generally, post-introduction evolutionary change has not significantly contributed to the invasion of DK. In contrast, early generation hybrids [artificially created Backcross 1 (BC1) plants] exhibited increased variance for eight of the examined traits, and greater leaf and reproductive shoot production when compared to North American DK. Individual BC1 lines differed for several traits, suggesting the importance of the cross for drawing conclusions from such comparisons. When compared to the parental species (DK and SK), the BC1 plants were not transgressive for any of the measured traits. Overall, these findings suggest that if diploid SK is introduced to North America, interspecific hybridization has the potential to result in even more aggressive invaders. C1 [Blair, Amy C.; Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Blair, Amy C.; Hufbauer, Ruth A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Blair, AC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM blairamyc@sau.edu RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, an EPA STAR [FP-91676001-0]; CIPM [G257-05-W0094]; NSF [0508922]; NSF DDIG [0607974]; USDA [2002-35320-12137] FX We thank Stephen Meyer, Nichole Streifel, Joseph Hansen, and Eric Hardy for help with plant care and biomass data collection; Silas Davidson patiently assisted with the hand pollinations; Dirk Baker helped to make the site maps; P. Hafliger, O. Kornyenko, S. Mosyakin, H. Muller-Scharer, U. Schaffner, A. Shipunov, and U. Treier helped with the European seed collection and V. Blair, E. Coombs, and R. Marrs-McGinn helped with seed collection in North America; Heinz Muller-Scharer generously shared ploidy data and welcomed us into his laboratory for use of his flow cytometer at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland; and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this paper. Funding for this research was provided by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, an EPA STAR fellowship FP-91676001-0, CIPM G257-05-W0094, NSF #0508922, NSF DDIG #0607974, and USDA #2002-35320-12137. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00203.x PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 897ZC UT WOS:000300701200003 PM 25568026 ER PT J AU Zhao, CJ Bao, YS Cheng, MS Huang, WJ Liu, LY AF Zhao, Chunjiang Bao, Yansong Cheng, Maosi Huang, Wenjiang Liu, Liangyun TI Use of Landsat TM and EOS MODIS imaging technologies for estimation of winter wheat yield in the North China Plain SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; CROP YIELD; VEGETATION INDEX; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; UNITED-STATES; GRAIN-YIELD; AVHRR DATA; NDVI; PARAMETERS; CORN AB This study focuses on the methodologies of winter wheat yield prediction based on Land Satellite Thematic Map (TM) and Earth Observation System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imaging technologies in the North China Plain. Routine field measurements were initiated during the periods when the Landsat satellite passed over the study region. Five Landsat TM images were acquired. Wheat yields of the experimental sites were recorded after harvest. Spectral vegetation indices were calculated from TM and MODIS images. The correlation analysis among wheat yield and spectral parameters revealed that TM renormalized difference water index (RDWI) and MODIS near-infrared reflectance had the highest correlation with yield at grain-filling stages. The models from the best-fitting method were used to estimate wheat yield based on TM and MODIS data. The average relative error of the root mean square error (RMSE) of the predicted yield was smaller from TM than from MODIS. C1 [Bao, Yansong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Chunjiang; Huang, Wenjiang] Natl Engn Res Ctr Informat Technol Agr, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Maosi] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Programme, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Liu, Liangyun] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100086, Peoples R China. RP Bao, YS (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM ysbao@hotmail.com RI Liu, Liangyun/H-5756-2011; liu, liangyun/A-6557-2015; Chen, Maosi/E-8230-2016; Liu, Liangyun/D-9891-2016 OI Liu, Liangyun/0000-0002-7987-037X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40701130, 40701119]; National High Tech R&D Programme of China [2007AA10Z202, 2006AA10Z203]; National 973 Key Projects of China [2006CB403404, 2005CB121103] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40701130 and 40701119), the National High Tech R&D Programme of China (Nos. 2007AA10Z202 and 2006AA10Z203) and the National 973 Key Projects of China (Nos. 2006CB403404 and 2005CB121103). NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1041 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.549849 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917GO UT WOS:000302161100009 ER PT J AU Herrera-Reddy, AM Carruthers, RI Mills, NJ AF Herrera-Reddy, Angelica M. Carruthers, Raymond I. Mills, Nicholas J. TI Integrated Management of Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) Using Biological Control SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Integrated weed management (IWM); invasive species; prescribed fire; mechanical removal ID DISPERSAL SEED PREDATION; INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SAROTHAMNUS-SCOPARIUS; SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION; FRUIT PRODUCTION; WEED MANAGEMENT; CONTROL AGENTS; BANK DYNAMICS AB Integrated weed management strategies (IWM) are being advocated and employed to control invasive plants species. In this study, we compared three management strategies (biological control alone [BC], BC with fire [BC + F] and BC with mowing [BC + M]) to determine if physical controls reduce seed production by Scotch broom and interfere with the action of the biological control agent the Scotch broom seed weevil. We measured seed production and seed predation by the weevil at both pod and plant scale, and seed bank density over two field seasons. We found no difference in the number of seeds per pod among management strategies. However, combining management strategies (BC + M and BC + F) resulted in significant reductions in pods per plant, mature seeds per plant, and seed bank density relative to biological control alone. We did not find differences among management strategies in number of weevils per pod or proportion of seeds predated by the weevil at either pod or whole-plant scale. However, combining management strategies (BC + M and BC + F) resulted in a significant reduction in healthy mature seeds per plant relative to biological control alone. Although both integrated strategies outperformed biological control alone in reducing seed production and the seed bank, with no statistical difference between them, we propose that short-rotation prescribed fire could prove to be a more effective strategy for long-term management of Scotch broom due to its potential for slightly greater depletion of the seed bank. C1 [Herrera-Reddy, Angelica M.; Carruthers, Raymond I.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Mills, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Herrera-Reddy, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM angelica.reddy@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W81EWF51317190]; Bureau of Land Management [5325-22000-020-17R]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [5325-22000-020-00D] FX We thank Todd Zuchowski, Versar Inc., Fort Lewis Public Works, Environmental Division, Fish and Wildlife, for assistance in locating the field sites. We also thank Michael W. Gates (Pteromalidae), Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, for identification of the wasp, Pteromalus sequester. This work was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Government Order Number W81EWF51317190, a Bureau of Land Management Research Agreement, Number 5325-22000-020-17R, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, CRIS Project Number 5325-22000-020-00D. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 39 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00048.1 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 917TC UT WOS:000302200500008 ER PT J AU Lovtang, SCP Riegel, GM AF Lovtang, Sara C. P. Riegel, Gregg M. TI Predicting the Occurrence of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) in Central Oregon SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Downy brome; cheatgrass; Central Oregon; logistic model; Current Vegetation Survey ID GREAT-BASIN; CHEATGRASS; FIRE; SOIL; INVASION; CLIMATE; FOREST; ESTABLISHMENT; GERMINATION; DISTURBANCE AB Where the nonnative annual grass downy brome proliferates, it has changed ecosystem processes, such as nutrient, energy, and water cycles; successional pathways; and fire regimes. The objective of this study was to develop a model that predicts the presence of downy brome in Central Oregon and to test whether high presence correlates with greater cover. Understory data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service's Current Vegetation Survey (CVS) database for the Deschutes National Forest, the Ochoco National Forest, and the Crooked River National Grassland were compiled, and the presence of downy brome was determined for 1,092 systematically located plots. Logistic regression techniques were used to develop models for predicting downy brome populations. For the landscape including the eastside of the Cascade Mountains to the northwestern edge of the Great Basin, the following were selected as the best predictors of downy brome: low average March precipitation, warm minimum May temperature, few total trees per acre, many western junipers per acre, and a short distance to nearest road. The concordance index = 0.92. Using the equation from logistic regression, a probability for downy brome infestation was calculated for each CVS plot. The plots were assigned to a plant association group (PAG), and the average probability was calculated for the PAGs in which the CVS plots were located. This method could be duplicated in other areas where vegetation inventories take place. C1 [Lovtang, Sara C. P.; Riegel, Gregg M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Reg Ecol Program, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Lovtang, SCP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Reg Ecol Program, 63095 Deschutes Mkt Rd, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM slovtang@fs.fed.us FU Invasive Vegetation Program for the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region; Pacific Northwest Region Ecology Program FX The authors would like to thank Nancy Phelps, former Regional Manager of the Invasive Vegetation Program for the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, and Tom DeMeo, Regional Ecologist of the Pacific Northwest Region Ecology Program, for funding this research. The funding sources had no role in the study design, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; or decision to submit the paper for publication. We thank Peter Sussmann, Soil Scientist for the Deschutes National Forest, and Michael Simpson, Ecologist for the Pacific Northwest Region Ecology Program, for providing invaluable advice. We also thank Dr. Patrick Cunningham, Dr. Jon Bates, Dr. Matt Busse, Dr. Rick Miller, Dr. Tony Svejcar and anonymous reviewers for making this a better manuscript. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00029.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 917TC UT WOS:000302200500009 ER PT J AU Holloway, B Sylvester, HA Bourgeois, L Rinderer, TE AF Holloway, Beth Sylvester, H. Allen Bourgeois, Lelania Rinderer, Thomas E. TI Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms to resistance to chalkbrood in Apis mellifera SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chalkbrood disease; honey bee; Apis mellifera; Ascosphaera apis; SNP association; marker assisted breeding ID ASCOSPHAERA-APIS; HONEY-BEES; BROOD; COLONIES; DISEASE; DEFENSE AB Chalkbrood is a honey bee brood disease that often affects colonies that are already under stress. Control of the disease can be as simple as ensuring adequate ventilation and food sources or using clean beekeeping equipment. When the infection goes unchecked, however, the overall health and productivity of the colony is greatly decreased. Some strains of honey bees seem to be more troubled by the disease than others. Efforts to control rampant infections have not been widely accepted or successful. Identifying a genetic basis for resistance in the affected larvae would be useful for breeding for improved resistance in bee populations. We here show a statistically significant association between larval chalkbrood resistance and a genomic locus. Selective breeding for larval resistance can probably work in concert with breeding for desirable characteristics such that chalkbrood can become a negligible disease among managed colonies. C1 [Holloway, Beth; Sylvester, H. Allen; Bourgeois, Lelania; Rinderer, Thomas E.] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Holloway, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM beth.holloway@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.2.02 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 919BL UT WOS:000302295500002 ER PT J AU Kirrane, MJ de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Frake, AM Wagnitz, J Whelan, PM AF Kirrane, Maria J. de Guzman, Lilia I. Rinderer, Thomas E. Frake, Amanda M. Wagnitz, Jeremy Whelan, Padraig M. TI A method for rapidly marking adult varroa mites for use in brood inoculation experiments SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Varroa destructor; marking; correction fluid; reproduction ID HOST C1 [Kirrane, Maria J.; Whelan, Padraig M.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Cork, Ireland. [Kirrane, Maria J.; Whelan, Padraig M.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst ERI, Cork, Ireland. [de Guzman, Lilia I.; Rinderer, Thomas E.; Frake, Amanda M.; Wagnitz, Jeremy] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Kirrane, MJ (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Cork, Ireland. EM 105692474@umail.ucc.ie NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.2.10 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 919BL UT WOS:000302295500010 ER PT J AU Neumann, P Hoffmann, D Duncan, M Spooner-Hart, R Pettis, JS AF Neumann, Peter Hoffmann, Dorothee Duncan, Michael Spooner-Hart, Robert Pettis, Jeff S. TI Long-range dispersal of small hive beetles SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Aethina tumida; bumble bees; honey bees; stingless bees ID AETHINA-TUMIDA; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA C1 [Neumann, Peter] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Hoffmann, Dorothee] Museum Wiesbaden, D-65185 Wiesbaden, Germany. [Duncan, Michael; Spooner-Hart, Robert] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. [Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Neumann, P (reprint author), Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM peter.neumann@alp.admin.ch NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 214 EP 215 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.2.11 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 919BL UT WOS:000302295500011 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE Danka, RG Stelzer, JA AF Rinderer, Thomas E. Danka, Robert G. Stelzer, J. Anthony TI Seasonal inconsistencies in the relationship between honey bee longevity in field colonies and laboratory cages SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Honey bee longevity; pollen feeding; cage experiments; field longevity ID NOSEMA-APIS C1 [Rinderer, Thomas E.; Danka, Robert G.; Stelzer, J. Anthony] ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM Tom.Rinderer@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 218 EP 219 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.51.2.13 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 919BL UT WOS:000302295500013 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT Sommers, C AF Rajkowski, Kathleen T. Sommers, Christopher TI Effect of Trisodium Phosphate or Water Dip on the Survival of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated Catfish Before and After Freezing SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trisodium phosphate (TSP); Salmonella; Listeria monocytogenes; cryogenic freezing ID CHANNEL CATFISH; QUALITY; SEAFOOD; FILLETS; FROZEN; PREVALENCE; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; SHRIMP; FISH AB Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes (LM) are occasional contaminants on raw fish. Catfish fillets were artificially contaminated with LM and Salmonella, dipped in a 1.5% (30 min) trisodium phosphate solution (TSP), and cryogenically frozen. After 3 months frozen storage, Salmonella (2 log), but not LM, was inactivated on the fillets treated with the dip. This indicates that TSP dip followed by cryogenic freezing can be used to control Salmonella, but not LM, on catfish fillets. C1 [Rajkowski, Kathleen T.; Sommers, Christopher] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-8850 J9 J AQUAT FOOD PROD T JI J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1080/10498850.2011.579706 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 917XS UT WOS:000302212700005 ER PT J AU Lee, J Finn, CE AF Lee, Jungmin Finn, Chad E. TI Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) grown in the Pacific Northwest of North America: Anthocyanin and free amino acid composition SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Article DE Lingonberry; Cowberry; Phenolic; Minor fruit crop; Specialty crop ID PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; BERRIES; SUGARS; HPLC; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; QUANTIFICATION; POLYPHENOLICS; COMPONENTS AB Lingonberries and their products are popular and generally accessible in Europe, though in the US they are uncommon and considered a minor berry/fruit crop. The on-going interest in potential health benefits from berry consumption has heightened interest in broadening the selection of berry/fruit crops in the US. This study measured total phenolics, total tannins, complete anthocyanin content, and total (and individual) free amino acid composition for each of five lingonberry cultivars. Cultivars Ida, Koralle, Linnea, Sanna, and Sussi were grown in Oregon, USA, and had only been evaluated previously for their horticultural traits. All five cultivars contained the three anticipated anthocyanins (by HPLC): cyanidin-3-galactoside (main anthocyanin found in these berries), cyanidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin3-arabinoside. These lingonberries' total anthocyanin content ranged from 27.4 ('Linnea') to 52.6 ('Ida') mg/100 g fw. They contained 22 free amino acids (FFAs) and total FAAs ranged from 28.92 ('Sanna') to 70.38 ('Koralle') mg/100 g fw. Asparagine (ASN) was the leading FAA (22-34% of the total FAAs) for all five cultivars. This is the first report on lingonberry FAA content. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, PWA, HCRU Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA, HCRU Worksite, 29603 U I Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov; chad.finn@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) CRIS [5358-21000-041-00D, 5358-21000-037-00D] FX We thank Fall Creek Farm and Nursery, Inc. (Lowell, OR, USA) for providing plants. We thank Chris Rennaker and Ted Mackey of USDA for technical assistant. This project was funded by USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) CRIS numbers 5358-21000-041-00D and 5358-21000-037-00D. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2011.10.007 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 913NN UT WOS:000301884800023 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL AF Luthria, Devanand L. TI A simplified UV spectral scan method for the estimation of phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity in eggplant pulp extracts SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Article DE Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.); Phenolic acids; HPLC analysis; Ultraviolet spectral scan; Antioxidant activity; FRAP assay ID SOLANUM-MELONGENA; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; ASSAY AB The objective of this study was to determine if a simple UV spectral analysis method can be used as a screening tool to estimate the amount of phenolic acid and the antioxidant capacity of eggplant pulp extracts. calibration curves for different concentrations of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid standards were developed using UV spectral data, HPLC analysis, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Seven different freeze-dried eggplant pulp samples belonging to different cultivars or grown under different environmental conditions along with single peel sample were selected as model substrates for this study. HPLC results, simple UV spectral scan data, and quantification of antioxidant capacity by FRAP assay in seven eggplant pulp extracts showed a strong correlation (R-2 > 0.9) between the three methods. These results suggest that the single absorption reading or a simple UV spectral scan can be used to estimate the concentration of phenolic acids and the antioxidant capacity in eggplant pulp extracts without peels. This screening tool can be potentially used to identify cultivars and growing conditions that influence phenolic acid content in eggplant samples. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 161,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM D.Luthria@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2011.11.002 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 913NN UT WOS:000301884800026 ER PT J AU Deng, XL Gao, YD Chen, JC Pu, XL Kong, WW Li, HP AF Deng Xiao-ling Gao Yi-di Chen Jian-chi Pu Xue-lian Kong Wei-wen Li Hua-ping TI Curent Situation of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" in Guangdong, China, Where Citrus Huanglongbing Was First Described SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE citrus; Huanglongbing; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ID P.-R.-CHINA; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM AB Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease) was first observed in the coastal Chaoshan Plain of Guangdong Province, China, in the late 19th century based on descriptions of yellow shoot symptoms. "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" has been considered as a putative pathogen associated with HLB since 1994. Information about the curent prevalence of this bacterium is important for HLB control in Guangdong and also provides useful reference for HLB study elsewhere. In 2007, we collected HLB symptomatic citrus samples from 16 cultivars in 12 prefecture cities, mostly in the north and west regions of Guangdong, where major citrus fruits are currently produced. Among the 359 samples collected, 241 (67.1%) were positive for "Ca. L. asiaticus", distributed in 15 out of the 16 cultivars from all 12 cities, indicating the widespread prevalence of "Ca. L. asiaticus" in Guangdong Province. The detection rates varied from 16.7 to 100% depending on location and cultivar. Lower detection rates were found in newer citrus cultivation cities among the previously less popular but now promoted cultivars. In reviewing the citrus management and pest control practice, we believe that infected nursery stocks play a key role in the current spread of "Ca. L. asiaticus". C1 [Deng Xiao-ling; Gao Yi-di; Pu Xue-lian; Li Hua-ping] S China Agr Univ, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chen Jian-chi] ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Kong Wei-wen] Yangzhou Univ, Sch Hort & Plant Protect, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. RP Deng, XL (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM xldeng@scau.edu.cn; huaping@scau.edu.cn FU Chinese Modern Agricultural Technology Systems [CARS-27]; Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China [2010003067]; North Carolina State University; United State Department of Agriculture [2010-0195-02] FX We thank Ed Civerolo and Craig Ledbetter, USDA-ARS, USA, for their critical reviews of this manuscript. This research was supported by the Chinese Modern Agricultural Technology Systems (CARS-27) and the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (2010003067), and the project of Asian Citrus Psyllid and Huanglongbing Field Research and Outreach by North Carolina State University and United State Department of Agriculture (2010-0195-02). NR 20 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2095-3119 J9 J INTEGR AGR JI J. Integr. Agric. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 424 EP 429 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 910FJ UT WOS:000301622300009 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Foston, M Kassaee, M Elder, TJ Ragauskas, AJ AF Saxena, Amit Foston, Marcus Kassaee, Mohamad Elder, Thomas J. Ragauskas, Arthur J. TI Biopolymer Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Nanocellulose Whiskers SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; Nanocellulose Whiskers; Mechanical Properties; Barrier Properties ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; BARRIER PROPERTIES; CELLULOSE CRYSTALLINITY; COMPOSITE FILMS; NMR; XYLAN; STARCH; HEMICELLULOSE; DISORDER; BLENDS AB A xylan nanocomposite film with improved strength and barrier properties was prepared by a solution casting using nanocellulose whiskers as a reinforcing agent. The C-13 cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the spectral data obtained for the NCW/xylan nanocomposite films indicated the signal intensity originating from xylan-cellulose interactions. Qualitatively, the spectral data obtained for the NCW/xylan nanocomposite films indicated that the amount of xylan adsorbed to cellulose increases with the addition of NCW. In an attempt to quantify this effect, non-linear least-squared spectral line fitting was used to deconvolute the adsorbed xylan peak at similar to 82 ppm. The peak intensity ratio of adsorbed xylan peak and xylan C-1 peak, which represents the total amount of xylan increases suggesting that upon the addition of NCW, the amount of adsorbed xylan increases. In an effort to further infer the structure-property relationships associated with the observed strength and barrier properties, H-1 NMR T-2 relaxation experiments were also conducted to investigate the change in the nature of carbohydrate water interactions as a result of NCW incorporation. Water adsorbed into the 50% nanocomposite film had significantly shorter relaxation times with respect to the control xylan/sorbitol and all other NCW/xylan nanocomposite films. Additionally, X-ray diffraction of the nanocomposite films showed increased levels of crystalline material in the nanocomposites due to NCW addition. C1 [Saxena, Amit; Foston, Marcus; Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kassaee, Mohamad] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Elder, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU IPST at Georgia Institute of Technology; IPST FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the member companies of IPST at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the IPST Fellowship. Portions of this work are being used by Amit Saxena for his PhD requirements for graduation from the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1166/jnn.2012.5199 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 914YT UT WOS:000301990500026 PM 22523969 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS de Oliveira, RS Constantin, J Kremer, RJ Biffe, DF AF Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique de Oliveira Junior, Rubem Silverio Constantin, Jamil Kremer, Robert John Biffe, Denis Fernando TI AMINO ACID APPLICATION CAN BE AN ALTERNATIVE TO PREVENT GLYPHOSATE INJURY IN GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SOYBEANS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; amino acids; soybean ID GLYCINE-MAX L.; DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID; AGRICULTURAL BIOSTIMULANTS; TOBACCO CELLS; PLANT-GROWTH; INHIBITION; BIOSYNTHESIS; NITROGEN; TRANSLOCATION; CHLOROPHYLL AB Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans have continuously increased; however, this expansion significantly increased the use of glyphosate and therefore, in some cases, has resulted in injury symptoms observed in GR soybean, known as "yellow flashing". Previous reports of interference of glyphosate with nutrient availability and utilization by GR soybean may be linked to this injury symptom. Also, because glyphosate interferes with amino acid synthesis, supplementation with exogenous amino acids may help GR soybean recover from adverse effects of glyphosate. Therefore, an experiment was designed to evaluate different amino acid concentrations. Near-isogenic and GR soybean varieties were grown in the greenhouse in two soils with and without glyphosate at different rates and amino acids were foliarly applied with and without glyphosate. In general, the photosynthetic variables, nutrient contents, and shoot and root dry biomass parameters were affected by glyphosate, however, use of amino acid formulations suppressed harmful effects of glyphosate on these parameters. C1 [Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique; de Oliveira Junior, Rubem Silverio; Constantin, Jamil; Biffe, Denis Fernando] Univ Estadual Maringa, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Sci NAPD, BR-87020900 Maringa, PR, Brazil. [Kremer, Robert John] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Sci NAPD, Colombo Av 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, PR, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 FU National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq) FX We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq), for the scholarship and financial support. Trade names are used for clarity and do not represent endorsement by USDA-ARS. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 268 EP 287 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.636130 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 916DI UT WOS:000302077500010 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Reed, P AF Brown, Gregory Gordon Reed, Pat TI Social Landscape Metrics: Measures for Understanding Place Values from Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) SO LANDSCAPE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Social metrics; public participation; PPGIS; place values; landscape perception ID NATIONAL FOREST; GIS AB Landscape metrics are used in landscape ecology to quantify landscape characteristics related to structure, function and change by quantifying the structure and distributional pattern of landscape elements such as plants, animals and other physical landscape features. To date, there has been little published research on landscape metrics that include social perceptions of landscape. In this paper, we introduce the concept of social landscape metrics that quantify human perceptions of place resulting from the use of public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS). We present and explain a set of social landscape metrics that measure the composition and configuration of human perceptions of landscapes from multiple study areas using empirical data from PPGIS studies. We distinguish between two classes of social landscape metrics, boundary and inductive, present methods to develop them, and describe some of their applications to land use planning and management. We conclude with a discussion of future research needs for advancing knowledge about social landscape metrics. C1 [Brown, Gregory Gordon] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Reed, Pat] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM greg.brown@uq.edu.au NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 35 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0142-6397 J9 LANDSCAPE RES JI Landsc. Res. PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 73 EP 90 DI 10.1080/01426397.2011.591487 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 918NS UT WOS:000302257400005 ER PT J AU Jun, J Kyle, GT Vlachopoulos, SP Theodorakis, ND Absher, JD Hammitt, WE AF Jun, Jinhee Kyle, Gerard T. Vlachopoulos, Symeon P. Theodorakis, Nicholas D. Absher, James D. Hammitt, William E. TI Reassessing the Structure of Enduring Leisure Involvement SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE enduring involvement; identity theory ID IDENTITY THEORY; SELF-VERIFICATION; FIT INDEXES; COMMITMENT; FUTURE; CONCEPTIONS; CONSUMPTION; EMOTIONS; SALIENCE; TRUTH AB Using data collected from U.S. and Greek respondents, we tested an alternate conceptualization of enduring leisure involvement where identity was considered a key driver of other affective and conative outcomes. Rather than existing on the same temporal plane, as has been the tradition in the leisure literature, we observed that identity was an antecedent of the other involvement facets. Our work provides a theoretical framework ground in microsociological approaches to identity for conceptualizing enduring involvement and other constructs that examine recreationists' lasting ties with leisure (e.g., serious leisure, specialization, commitment) and their settings (e. g., sense of place, place identity). C1 [Jun, Jinhee; Kyle, Gerard T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kyle, Gerard T.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mkt, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Vlachopoulos, Symeon P.; Theodorakis, Nicholas D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys Educ & Sport Sci, Serres, Greece. [Absher, James D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Hammitt, William E.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. RP Jun, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, Agr & Life Sci Bldg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jjun@tamu.edu OI Kyle, Gerard/0000-0002-6944-9020 NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1080/01490400.2012.633847 PG 18 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 918IA UT WOS:000302241400001 ER PT J AU Montes, GR Saldana, HL Aguilera, GM Pavia, SF Grunwald, NJ AF Romero Montes, Gaspar Lozoya Saldana, Hector Mora Aguilera, Gustavo Fernandez Pavia, Sylvia Gruenwald, Niklaus J. TI POTATO YIELD WITH REGARD TO LATE BLIGHT (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) EPIPHYTOTICS SO REVISTA FITOTECNIA MEXICANA LA Spanish DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum cultivars 'Alpha' and 'Zafiro'; Toluca ID TOLUCA VALLEY; DISEASE; RESISTANCE; LOSSES; MODEL; QUANTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; CULTIVARS; CROPS AB In order to study the quantitative relationship between tuber yield of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars (Alpha', susceptible, and 'Zafiro', moderately resistant to late blight), and severity of the pathogen in Toluca, Mexico, managed by weekly foliar sprays of 0.575 kg i.a ha(-1), 1.15 kg i.a ha(-1), and without application of the fungicide Clorothalonil. There were statistical differences between cultivars and among treatments within each cultivar (P < 0.05). The relationship between yield and disease severity was described by linear regression models. Yield by commercial standards (classes 1, 2 and 3) depended on the accumulated severity 80 d after planting in cv. 'Zafiro', and at 58 d in 'Alpha' for class 1 and for total yield, at 65 d for class 2, and at 94 d for class 3. The determination coefficient varied between 54 and 78 % in the selected models for 'Alpha', while in 'Zafiro' the range was from 54 to 75 %. Yield loss was less in 'Zafiro', for its epiphytotics were less intense until start of tuberization. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider tuber iniciation as the critical point. The previous period is the most important to reduce losses. Hence, handling should focus on the delay of the epiphytotic iniciation (Yo) and intensity in this period (r(k)). C1 [Lozoya Saldana, Hector] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecnia, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. [Romero Montes, Gaspar] BASF Mexicana, Mexico City 03710, DF, Mexico. [Mora Aguilera, Gustavo] Colegio Posgrad, Inst Fitosanidad, Texcoco 56230, Edo De Mex, Mexico. [Fernandez Pavia, Sylvia] Univ Michoacana, Inst Invest Agr & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Mich, Mexico. [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Saldana, HL (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecnia, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. EM picti87@gmail.com RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC MEXICANA FITOGENETICA PI CHAPINGO PA APARTADO POSTAL NO 21, CHAPINGO, ESTADO MEXICO 56 230, MEXICO SN 0187-7380 J9 REV FITOTEC MEX JI Rev. Fitotec. Mex. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 918WL UT WOS:000302282000008 ER PT J AU Wiltz, BA AF Wiltz, B. A. TI Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Survival of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES ISOPTERA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; HESPERUS ISOPTERA; MOISTURE; KALOTERMITIDAE; CONSUMPTION; LOUISIANA; GESTROI AB Two subterranean termite species were subjected to combinations of six temperatures (10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, or 35 degrees C) and five relative humidities (RH) (SS, 65, 75, 85, or 99%) to determine optimum conditions for survival. When small groups of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki or the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) were exposed to all 30 combinations of temperature and RH, survival times were significantly influenced by temperature, RH, and their interaction. For both species, survival times were longest at low temperatures and high RH. Maximum survival of small groups of C. formosanus and R. flavipes workers and soldiers occurred at the combination of 10 degrees C and 99% RH C (LT50 = 28.2 d, LT50 = 18.1 d, respectively). Survival of paired C. formosanus dealates was evaluated at combinations of 20 degrees, 25 degrees, or 30 degrees C and 55, 65, 75, 85, or 99% RH. Survival was strongly influenced by temperature and humidity. Longest survival times until 50% mortality occurred at 99% RH and 20 degrees or 25 degrees C (LT50 = 2.5 d, LT50 = 3.0 d, respectively). At all temperatures, mortality occurred too quickly for LT50 values to be determined when RH was 55% or 65%. C1 ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wiltz, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2012 VL 59 IS 2 BP 381 EP 394 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920EH UT WOS:000302385000006 ER PT J AU Cosgrove, MK Campa, H Schmitt, SM Marks, DR Wilson, AS O'Brien, DJ AF Cosgrove, Melinda K. Campa, Henry, III Schmitt, Stephen M. Marks, David R. Wilson, Anthony S. O'Brien, Daniel J. TI Live-trapping and bovine tuberculosis testing of free-ranging white-tailed deer for targeted removal SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus virginianus; selective culling; trapping ID BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; MULE DEER; MICHIGAN; WILDLIFE; VACCINATION; MANAGEMENT; CATTLE AB Context. Significant efforts have been made in Michigan, USA, to reduce the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) over the past 15 years. Since 2002, however, prevalence has changed little, prompting the need for new control strategies. Aims. In January-March of 2007 and 2008, a trap-test-cull project was conducted on an 11 000-ha property in the northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The objectives were to assess the feasibility of live-trapping and testing white-tailed deer for TB as a means for targeted removal and estimate the cost of this effort. Methods. Live-trapped deer were ear-tagged and a blood sample was drawn for use with the CervidTB STAT-PAK (commonly called Rapid Test) for TB diagnosis in the field. Deer testing negative were released, whereas deer testing positive were euthanised to confirm blood-test results via bacterial culture. Key results. In all, 762 (741 with known sex and age) individual deer were captured and tested for TB. Adults comprised 59% (437 of 741) of the captures. Eight (1.8%) adults were positive on the blood test; six of eight (1.4% of adults) were confirmed TB positive via bacterial culture. Estimated TB prevalence in the present study was 2.5% (adjusted for Rapid Test sensitivity of 56%), being lower than what would be expected on the basis of routine hunter-harvest surveillance for this site which has yielded prevalence rates from 3.4% to 4.8%. Results demonstrated the ability to trap and test a substantial number of deer given high deer densities (16-20 deer per km(2)), availability of traps and abundant workers. The 2-year project cost a total of similar to US$ 228 000, or US$ 38 000 per culture-positive animal. Conclusions. Because of the cost and effort involved, a project such as the present one applied to Michigan's larger TB-management area (148 018 ha) is not feasible. Implications. If the efficiency and effectiveness of a trap-test-cull project could be improved by vaccinating test-negative animals, should a vaccine be approved for use in free-ranging white-tailed deer, a trap-test-cull project applied on a scale similar to the present study may prove beneficial by possibly reducing disease transmission, in addition to removing TB-positive animals. C1 [Cosgrove, Melinda K.; Schmitt, Stephen M.; O'Brien, Daniel J.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Dis Lab, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Campa, Henry, III] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Marks, David R.] Anim Plant Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Marks, David R.] Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [O'Brien, Daniel J.] Anim Plant Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Gaylord, MI 49735 USA. [O'Brien, Daniel J.] Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Gaylord, MI 49735 USA. RP Cosgrove, MK (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Dis Lab, 4125 Beaumont Rd,Room 250, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. EM cosgrovem1@michigan.gov FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act [W-147-R]; Safari Club International Michigan Involvement Committee; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff of APHIS-WS of Michigan (especially D. Lunning and P. Ryan) and the National Wildlife Disease Program for field coordination and data collection, the staff of MDNR Wildlife Division (especially E. Carlson) for field coordination and (T. Cooley) for necropsy of specimens, MDCH staff for sample processing, S. Winterstein for assistance with Program MARK, and the Turtle Lake Wildlife Conservation Association. The authors are also grateful to Chembio Diagnostics, Inc. who graciously provided the Rapid Tests used in the study. This work was supported by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act under Michigan Pittman-Robertson Project W-147-R, the Safari Club International Michigan Involvement Committee, and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 2 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1071/WR11147 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 919KB UT WOS:000302323100002 ER PT J AU Du, XD McPhail, LL AF Du, Xiaodong McPhail, Lihong Lu TI Inside the Black Box: the Price Linkage and Transmission between Energy and Agricultural Markets SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Identification through heteroscedasticity; Structural change; Structural VAR ID CRUDE-OIL MARKET; GASOLINE MARKET; MODELS; HETEROSKEDASTICITY; CONTAGION AB Motivated by strong comovement and increasing volatility of energy and agricultural prices, we examine dynamic evolutions of ethanol, gasoline, and corn prices over the period of March 2005 March 2011. A structural change is found around March 2008 in the pairwise dynamic correlations between the prices in a multivariate GARCH model. A structural VAR (SVAR) model is then estimated on two subsamples, one before and one after the identified change point. Using the novel method of identification through heteroscedasticity, we exploit the time-varying price volatilities to fully identify the SVAR model. In the more recent period, ethanol, gasoline, and corn prices are found to be more closely linked with a strengthened corn-ethanol relation, which can be explained by the new developments of the biofuel industry and related policy instruments. Variance decomposition shows that for each market a significant and relatively large share of the price variation could be explained by the price changes in the other two markets. The results are robust to the inclusion of seasonal dummies and various representative macroeconomic and financial indicators. C1 [Du, Xiaodong] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McPhail, Lihong Lu] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Du, XD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, 405 Taylor Hall,427 Lorch St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xdu23@wisc.edu; lmcphail@ers.usda.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 171 EP 194 DI 10.5547/01956574.33.2.8 PG 24 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916OE UT WOS:000302112300008 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Li, L Chen, DH AF Maragos, Chris M. Li, Lan Chen, Donghai TI Production and characterization of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) against the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol; antibody fragments; scFv; biolayer interferometry; immunoassay; mycotoxins; biosensor; recombinant; single-chain ID FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY; LABEL-FREE; ANTIBODY; WHEAT; ZEARALENONE; EXPRESSION; NIVALENOL; CLONING; BIOSENSOR; UPDATE AB Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi that infest cereal grains. A hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal antibody (Mab) was used as the starting point in the development of a recombinant single chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) recognising DON. The scFv and Mab were characterised using two immunoassay formats: competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) and biolayer interferometry (BLI). Using CD-ELISA the IC(50)s for DON were 36.1 and 13.8 ng/ml for assays based on the scFv and Mab, respectively. The cross-reactivity to DON analogs was very similar for the scFv and the Mab. The real-time binding of the antibodies to an immobilised DON-protein conjugate was also monitored. In competitive BLI assays the IC(50)s using the scFv and Mab were 68.3 and 15.8 ng/ml, respectively. The results suggest that sensitivity of assays, but not selectivity, was affected by removal of the constant regions of the Mab. C1 [Maragos, Chris M.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Li, Lan; Chen, Donghai] Creat BioLabs, Shirley, NY 11967 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1080/09540105.2011.598921 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 912GG UT WOS:000301782200005 ER PT J AU Katzner, TE Wheeler, M Negro, JJ Kapetanakos, Y DeWoody, JA Horvath, M Lovette, I AF Katzner, Todd E. Wheeler, Maria Negro, Juan Jose Kapetanakos, Yula DeWoody, J. Andrew Horvath, Marton Lovette, Irby TI To pluck or not to pluck: scientific methodologies should be carefully chosen, not one size fits all' SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORTICOSTERONE; STRESS; FEATHERS; PENGUINS; RATIOS; YOLK; DNA AB McDonald and Griffith (2011) raise important points in their critique of reliance on feathers as a source of DNA for scientific research. Although those authors are right about many details, their one-size-fits all approach (i.e. prescribing blood draws for avian DNA analyses) obscures bigger picture issues that are of extraordinary relevance to avian biology. We introduce four points to provide alternative perspectives on their commentary. In particular, we feel that a) scientific goals should determine methodologies; b) stress to animals is context specific and blood sampling is not always less stressful to birds than feather plucking; c) feather DNA is too valuable to be ignored, especially when coupled with other analyses that require feathers; and d) logistical and other concerns often preclude blood sampling. A one size fits all approach to science is generally short-sighted, be it in regard to the collection of genetic or other samples from birds, or to a suite of other research problems. C1 [Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV USA. [Wheeler, Maria] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Negro, Juan Jose] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, ES-41013 Seville, Spain. [Kapetanakos, Yula] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kapetanakos, Yula; Lovette, Irby] Fuller Evolutionary Biol Lab, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [DeWoody, J. Andrew] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Horvath, Marton] MME BirdLife Hungary, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary. RP Katzner, TE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM todd.katzner@mail.wvu.edu RI DeWoody, James/C-4909-2008; Negro, Juan/I-2653-2015; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; OI DeWoody, James/0000-0002-7315-5631; Negro, Juan/0000-0002-8697-5647; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05592.x PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 911HK UT WOS:000301707700004 ER PT J AU Cooperband, MF Boroczky, K Hartness, A Jones, TH Zylstra, KE Tumlinson, JH Mastro, VC AF Cooperband, Miriam F. Boeroeczky, Katalin Hartness, Ashley Jones, Tappey H. Zylstra, Kelley E. Tumlinson, James H. Mastro, Victor C. TI Male-Produced Pheromone in the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pheromone; Y-tube Olfactometer; Wind tunnel; Attractant; Wood wasp; Hymenoptera; Siricidae; Invasive insect ID SEX-PHEROMONE; PARASITOID WASP; NORTH-AMERICA; HYMENOPTERA; COMPONENTS; SIRICIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTANTS; MORPHOLOGY; GENITALIA AB A male-produced pheromone that attracts both males and females was identified for the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, a serious pest of pine trees. Males displayed excitatory behaviors when placed in groups, and were attracted to the odors from males that were 2-5-d-old, but not to odors from males that were 0-1-d-old. An unsaturated short-chain alcohol, (Z)-3-decen-1-ol, was discovered in samples collected on SuperQ filters over groups of males and identified by using micro-derivatization reactions and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The compound was not detected in volatile samples from females. Gas chromatography coupled electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) of antennae from males exposed to male headspace odors produced strong antennal responses to the main peak of (Z)-3-decen-1-ol, as well as to an unknown minor component that had a similar retention time. Antennae from both males and females responded to synthetic (Z)-3-decen-1-ol. Several different synthetic candidates for the GC-EAD active minor components were selected based on GC-MS and GC-EAD responses to male headspace collections. These synthetic compounds were tested for antennal activity using GC-EAD, and those that produced strong responses were blended with the major component and tested for male attraction in the Y-tube olfactometer at different concentrations and ratios. Males tested in the Y-tube olfactometer were attracted to a synthetic blend of (Z)-3-decen-1-ol and (Z)-4-decen-1-ol at a ratio of 100:1. Whereas the addition of some suspected minor compounds reduced attraction, the addition of a third compound found in male emanations that produced strong male antennal responses, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal (at a ratio of 100: 1: 1), resulted in attraction of both males (Y-tube and wind tunnel) and females (wind tunnel). C1 [Cooperband, Miriam F.; Hartness, Ashley; Mastro, Victor C.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Boeroeczky, Katalin; Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jones, Tappey H.] Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Zylstra, Kelley E.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Cooperband, MF (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Otis Lab, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM miriam.f.cooperband@aphis.usda.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0060-7 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916BR UT WOS:000302072100007 PM 22246521 ER PT J AU DeBruyne, RL DeVault, TL Duerr, AE Capen, DE Pogmore, FE Jackson, JR Rudstam, LG AF DeBruyne, Robin L. DeVault, Travis L. Duerr, Adam E. Capen, David E. Pogmore, Fred E. Jackson, James R. Rudstam, Lars G. TI Spatial and temporal comparisons of double-crested cormorant diets following the establishment of alewife in Lake Champlain, USA SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cormorants; Diets; Lake Champlain; Alewife; Exotic species; Yellow perch ID YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; EASTERN BASIN; ONEIDA LAKE; POPULATION; ONTARIO; PREDATION; EMPHASIS; DYNAMICS AB Increasing numbers of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on Lake Champlain have caused concerns related to potential impacts on the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population. However, with the establishment of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in 2003, cormorant foraging may have changed. We examined cormorant diets from four areas of Lake Champlain to assess past, current, and potential future impacts of cormorants on the changing fish community. During the breeding seasons of 2001-2002 and 2008-2009, we observed spatial and temporal differences in cormorant diets. Yellow perch dominated diet composition during 2001-2002 at Young Island (73% and 90% yearly weight totals) during all reproductive periods. Four Brothers Islands diet composition in 2002 varied according to reproductive period. In 2008 and 2009, alewife were predominant in diets at Four Brothers Islands (56% and 71%) and the South site (65% and 62%), with yellow perch comprising a high proportion of diets at Young Island (44% and 56%). Results from a MANOVA confirmed differences among sites, reproductive period, and the interaction of these factors (P<0.0001) when describing diet compositions for the post-alewife years. PCA results denoted a general shift in cormorant diets from 2001-2002 to 2008-2009. Our study demonstrated that the diet of piscivorous birds may shift with a new forage species and may vary significantly within a single large water body. Accordingly, efforts to manage piscivorous birds with the intent to decrease mortality of specific fish species should be site specific when possible. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeBruyne, Robin L.; Jackson, James R.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [DeVault, Travis L.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Duerr, Adam E.] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Pogmore, Fred E.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Berlin, VT 05602 USA. RP DeBruyne, RL (reprint author), 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM rld87@cornell.edu; Travis.L.DeVault@aphis.usda.gov; aduerr@wm.edu; david.capen@uvm.edu; Fred.E.Pogmore@aphis.usda.gov; jrj26@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu OI DeBruyne, Robin L./0000-0002-9232-7937 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services in New York; Vermont; National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA16RG2206]; Kieckhefer Adirondack Fellowship; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; The Jack H. Berryman Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services programs in New York and Vermont, a grant from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, to Lake Champlain Sea Grant under grant number NA16RG2206. Funding also was provided by a Kieckhefer Adirondack Fellowship, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, The Jack H. Berryman Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We are grateful to M. D. Eisenhower, Q.L. Chen and K.J. Wu for time spent processing cormorants and laboratory work, as well as T. Donovan and D. Parrish for additional support. We thank personnel from Vermont Fish and Wildlife Services, New York Wildlife Services, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, and Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge for cooperating in numerous ways, and J. McConnell and M. Lowney for logistical support. B. Dorr and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. Use of trade-names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This is contribution 280 from the Cornell Biological Field Station. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TF UT WOS:000301514000012 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Li, YC Alva, AK Porterfield, DM Dunlop, J AF Liu, Guodong Li, Yuncong Alva, Ashok K. Porterfield, David M. Dunlop, James TI ENHANCING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY OF POTATO AND CEREAL CROPS BY OPTIMIZING TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE, BALANCED NUTRIENTS AND OXYGEN BIOAVAILABILITY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE corn; oxygen fertilization; soil moisture; soil temperature; wheat ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; SOILS; QUOTIENTS; PHOSPHATE; ROOT; PH AB Enhancement of nutrient use efficiency is imperative for increasing economic returns and reducing environmental pollution caused by fertilizer use in crop production systems. In this paper, we have demonstrated at a given soil temperature and nitrogen (N) rate, N loss via ammonia emission at 80% field capacity (FC) soil water regime in potato production was decreased by 58 to 81% compared to that at 20% FC, in two soils. In another study, N uptake by flooded corn (genotype: FR27 x FRMO17) seedlings with oxygen fertilization was 8-fold greater than that without oxygen fertilization. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat (cv. 'Yanzhong 144') seedlings grown in a complete nutrient solution was 10-fold greater than that of the seedlings under low-phosphorus stress. It is concluded that appropriate management of soil water, oxygen fertilization, and of well-balanced nutrients supply significantly enhance N uptake and utilization efficiencies of corn and wheat, and minimize N loss. C1 [Liu, Guodong; Li, Yuncong] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Alva, Ashok K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Porterfield, David M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dunlop, James] AgRes Grasslands Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Liu, GD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, 1117 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM guodong@ufl.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; Royal Society of New Zealand; USDA-ARS; USDA-NCI FX The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Royal Society of New Zealand, and USDA-ARS and USDA-NCI supported the studies financially. We thank Xiaohui Fan at the University of Florida for his review and comments. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 428 EP 441 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.639922 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 916DJ UT WOS:000302077700007 ER PT J AU Jacobs, DF Goodman, RC Gardiner, ES Salifu, KF Overton, RP Hernandez, G AF Jacobs, Douglass F. Goodman, Rosa C. Gardiner, Emile S. Salifu, K. Francis Overton, Ronald P. Hernandez, George TI Nursery stock quality as an indicator of bottomland hardwood forest restoration success in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Afforestation; competition control; field performance; growth; hardwood seedling quality ID RED OAK; CENTRAL ONTARIO; SEEDLINGS; AFFORESTATION; REGENERATION; USA; ESTABLISHMENT; SHELTERWOOD; PERFORMANCE; COMPETITION AB Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA, which may contribute toward variable restoration success. We measured initial seedling morphology (shoot height, root collar diameter, number of first order lateral roots, fresh mass, and root volume), second year field heights and diameters, survival, browse, and top dieback of five species - cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), Nuttall oak (Q. nuttallii Palmer), sweet pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), and water oak (Q. nigra L.). Seedlings were obtained from three regional nurseries (Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi), planted on three sites (Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi), and treated with or without chemical weed control. Site x nursery interaction and weed control (without interactions) usually affected survival, whereas site x weed control interaction and nursery (without interactions) influenced second year heights and diameters. Weed control generally increased survival rates, as well as second year height and diameter. Effects of initial morphological characteristics on field survival and height and diameter growth were generally dependent on the other morphological parameters. Target morphological characteristics were identified as 99, 84, and 82 in height/diameter ratios (equal units) for cherrybark oak, green ash, and Nuttall oak, respectively; mean initial height of 40-43 cm in sweet pecan; and mean initial fresh mass/root volume of 2.7 g ml(-1) in water oak. Seedlings with means above these values may be more susceptible to dieback or mortality after outplanting, likely associated with excessive shoot relative to root biomass. C1 [Jacobs, Douglass F.; Goodman, Rosa C.; Salifu, K. Francis] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gardiner, Emile S.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Overton, Ronald P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hernandez, George] US Forest Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jacobs, DF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM djacobs@purdue.edu FU The USDA Forest Service Bottomland Hardwoods Laboratory in Stoneville, Mississippi; USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry; Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center at Purdue University FX The USDA Forest Service Bottomland Hardwoods Laboratory in Stoneville, Mississippi provided significant funding, personnel, and site resources to help conduct this study. This research was further supported by the USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry and the Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center at Purdue University. We wish to thank State Forestry Agencies in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi for their interest in our research and seedling donations. We also appreciate important feedback from the National Resources Conservation Service. Mats Hannerz and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the article. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.1080/02827581.2011.628948 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 917DE UT WOS:000302151900002 ER PT J AU Okland, B Haack, RA Wilhelmsen, G AF Okland, Bjorn Haack, Robert A. Wilhelmsen, Gunnar TI Detection probability of forest pests in current inspection protocols - A case study of the bronze birch borer SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Exotic species; interception records; quarantine pest; species introduction; wood chips ID EMERALD ASH BORER; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; PAPER BIRCH; ATTRACTION; RESISTANCE; EUROPE; BEETLE; TREES AB Increasing inter-continental trade of wood chips for biofuel represents a significant risk of introducing invasive pest species that can cause biome-scale impacts on forest ecosystems. Some potentially invasive species have the capacity to cause high tree mortality on the Eurasian continent and could cause significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Because eradication of established species is difficult, there is a need for scientific studies that can evaluate the reliability of current import control practices to ensure lowest possible risk of establishment of potentially harmful species. We used a stochastic simulation model and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the chance of detecting harmful pests in imported wood chips by sampling according to the current use of internationally accepted standards. As an example, we focused on the North American beetle Agrilus anxius (bronze birch borer) that can cause 100% mortality of European and Asian birch species in North America. We simulated the process from logging in North America to sampling the wood chips upon arrival in Europe. The probability of pest detection for current sampling protocols used by port inspectors was very low (<0.00005), while a 90% chance of detection may require sampling 27 million litres of wood chips per shipload. C1 [Okland, Bjorn; Wilhelmsen, Gunnar] Norwegian Forest & Landscape Inst, N-1431 As, Norway. [Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Okland, B (reprint author), Norwegian Forest & Landscape Inst, POB 115, N-1431 As, Norway. EM bjorn.okland@skogoglandskap.no RI Section, Forest Health/B-1469-2015 FU Ministry of Agriculture and Food in Norway FX We thank the Ministry of Agriculture and Food in Norway for financing; the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and Biowood, Norway, AS, for supplying samples of wood chips and technical information about the sampled shipload of wood chips from Canada; Kare Venn, Arild Pal Stolsmo and Gro Wollebaek for their laboratory work on wood chips; Peter G. Townsend, Stein Tomter, Rune Eriksen and Igor A. Yakovlev for forest statistics on birch; Gina M. Penny for distributional information for bronze birch borer; and Tore Filbakk for technical information about wood chips and Wendy Fjellstad for manuscript comments. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1080/02827581.2011.632782 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 917DE UT WOS:000302151900004 ER PT B AU Kisha, TJ Johnson, RC AF Kisha, Theodore J. Johnson, Richard C. BE Gupta, SK TI Safflower SO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN MAJOR WORLD OIL CROPS, VOL 1: BREEDING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.); Germplasm resources; Molecular methodology molecular markers; Sequencing technology; Global diversity; Germplasm resources ID CARTHAMUS-TINCTORIUS L.; GERM PLASM COLLECTION; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; WORLD COLLECTION; REGISTRATION; SEQUENCE AB Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an ancient crop with numerous past and present uses. Traditionally safflower was grown for its flowers, which were used as a fabric dye and for food coloring, flavoring, and medicinal purposes. Today, as a result of manipulation of well-characterized germplasm resources, it has become an important oil seed crop, bred for specialty niches through the development of healthier or more heat stable oil constituents, winter hardiness, and disease resistance. Molecular methodology has facilitated characterization of the world-wide diversity of safflower and identified geographical regions of similarity to assist breeders in the exploitation of available diversity. The development of molecular markers from expressed sequences should aid researchers in mapping genes of importance and reducing population size and generations required for the development of new varieties by using marker-assisted selection. Sequencing technology has established relationships among species of Carthamus, further aiding in the exploitation of diversity within the secondary gene pool. A coordinated, collaborative effort among safflower researchers in the development of marker-assisted characterization of global diversity would further increase the utility of available germplasm resources. C1 [Kisha, Theodore J.; Johnson, Richard C.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Washington, WA 99164 USA. RP Kisha, TJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Box 646402, Washington, WA 99164 USA. EM theodore.kisha@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0355-5 PY 2012 BP 147 EP 164 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0356-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0356-2 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BZH37 UT WOS:000301638000007 ER PT B AU Hinze, L Kohel, R AF Hinze, Lori Kohel, Russell BE Gupta, SK TI Cotton SO TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN MAJOR WORLD OIL CROPS, VOL 1: BREEDING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cotton (Gossypium spp.); Cottonseed; Protein and oil quantity; Gossypol; Lysine deficiency; Molecular breeding ID SEED-OIL CONTENT; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; UPLAND COTTON; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; GLANDLESS COTTONSEED; FOLIAR APPLICATION; FIBER PROPERTIES; PIGMENT GLANDS; QUALITY AB Cotton is a significant agricultural commodity throughout the world that is used primarily for its fibers to manufacture textiles, but with notable secondary value for its seeds. As cotton oil mills began to operate and products other than whole cottonseed became available, the value of cottonseed increased. This increase in the value of cottonseed spurred research efforts to improve the protein and oil quantity and quality of cottonseed. This chapter concentrates on several aspects of cotton as an oilseed crop, including seed quality, seed processing, uses of cottonseed, and prospects for future improvement in cottonseed quality. Cottonseed oil and meal are the two most valuable products of cottonseed. Cottonseed oil is considered heart healthy and has a long shelf life. Cottonseed meal is used principally as feed for livestock and its major value is as a concentrated protein supplement. Cottonseed flour has a high quality amino acid profile. A limiting nutritional factor of cottonseed is the presence of gossypol. Gossypol binds with protein causing a lysine deficiency and has toxic effects when ingested by nonruminant animals. Despite this limitation, the seed component of cotton production cannot be ignored, and the production of gossypol-free seed would enhance the overall value of cotton. The industry is beginning to see cottonseed as a viable source of revenue, thereby adding value to each and every acre of cotton. C1 [Hinze, Lori; Kohel, Russell] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Hinze, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX USA. EM Lori.Hinze@ars.usda.gov OI Hinze, Lori L/0000-0003-3356-1245 NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0355-5 PY 2012 BP 219 EP 235 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0356-2_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0356-2 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BZH37 UT WOS:000301638000010 ER PT J AU Ascough, JC David, O Krause, P Heathman, GC Kralisch, S Larose, M Ahuja, LR Kipka, H AF Ascough, J. C., II David, O. Krause, P. Heathman, G. C. Kralisch, S. Larose, M. Ahuja, L. R. Kipka, H. TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A MODULAR WATERSHED-SCALE HYDROLOGIC MODEL USING THE OBJECT MODELING SYSTEM: RUNOFF RESPONSE EVALUATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Fully distributed modeling; Hydrologic modeling; Model evaluation; Object Modeling System; Streamflow; Watershed ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; SWAT MODEL; RIVER-BASIN; STREAM-FLOW; SIMULATION; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; ANNAGNPS; SOIL; SENSITIVITY AB This study reports on the integration of the J2K model (an object-oriented, hydrological system for fully distributed simulation of the water balance in large watersheds) under the Object Modeling System (OMS) environmental modeling framework and subsequent evaluation of OMS-J2K performance in the Cedar Creek watershed (CCW) in northeastern Indiana. The CCW is one of 14 benchmark watersheds in the USDA-ARS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) watershed assessment study. Two input parameter sets were developed for OMS-J2K evaluation: (1) a "base parameter set" with parameter values taken from previous simulation studies where J2K was applied to watersheds with characteristics similar to the CCW, and (2) an "adjusted parameter set" with modifications to input parameters related to evapotranspiration, soil water storage, and soil water lateral flow. Comparisons of daily, average monthly, and annual average simulated and observed flows for the 1997-2005 simulation period using the base parameter set resulted in Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E-NS), root mean square deviation (RMSD), and relative error (PBIAS) coefficients of 0.34 to 0.48 for E-NS, 1.50 to 8.79 m(3) s(-1) for RMSD, and -18.43% for PBIAS. All statistical evaluation coefficients improved for the adjusted parameter set (e.g., 0.44 to 0.59 for E-NS, 0.87 to 7.73 m(3) s(-1) for RMSD, and -8.59% for PBIAS). The ranges of E-NS and PBIAS values for uncalibrated or manually adjusted streamflow predictions in this study (using both parameter sets) were similar to others reported in the literature for various watershed models. This study represents the first attempt to develop and apply a complex natural resource system model under the OMS. The results indicate that the OMS-J2K watershed model was able to reproduce the hydrological dynamics of the CCW and should serve as a foundation on which to build a more comprehensive model to better quantify water quantity and quality at the watershed scale. In particular, the topological routing scheme employed by OMS-J2K (thus allowing the simulation of lateral processes vital for the modeling of runoff concentration dynamics) is much more robust than the quasi-distributed routing schemes used by other watershed-scale natural resource models and represents a noteworthy advancement in hydrological modeling toward deriving suitable conservation management scenarios. C1 [Ascough, J. C., II; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [David, O.; Kipka, H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [David, O.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Krause, P.] Thuringian State Inst Environm & Geol, Jena, Germany. [Heathman, G. C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kralisch, S.] Univ Jena, Dept Geog, Jena, Germany. [Larose, M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ascough, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 117 EP 135 PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700014 ER PT J AU Ma, L Flerchinger, GN Ahuja, LR Sauer, TJ Prueger, JH Malone, RW Hatfield, JL AF Ma, L. Flerchinger, G. N. Ahuja, L. R. Sauer, T. J. Prueger, J. H. Malone, R. W. Hatfield, J. L. TI SIMULATING THE SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE IN A SOYBEAN CANOPY WITH THE SHAW AND RZ-SHAW MODELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Canopy temperature; Energy balance; Evapotranspiration; RZWQM ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; WATER; RZWQM; PLANT AB Correct simulation of surface energy balance in a crop canopy is critical for better understanding of soil water balance, canopy and soil temperature, plant water stress, and plant growth. One existing effort is to incorporate the surface energy balance in the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model into the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). In this study, an improved version of the RZ-SHAW (RZWQM-SHAW) hybrid model was tested for energy balance components, canopy and soil temperature, evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water content against eddy covariance data measured in a soybean canopy and against predictions of the original SHAW and RZWQM models. The experiment was first used previously to test the SHAW model for radiation energy fluxes within the canopy without examining the energy balance components, soil water balance, and soil temperature. The same parameters from that study were used in both the SHAW model and RZ-SHAW hybrid model without any modification in this study. In terms of root mean squared error (RMSE), both RZ-SHAW and SHAW simulated net radiation, sensible heat, and latent heat well. However, the ground heat flux simulated by RZ-SHAW was less accurate, with RMSE of 28.9 W m(-2) compared to 22.6 W m(-2) with SHAW, which could be due to differences in simulated soil evaporation. Simulated soil temperature at both 1.5 cm and 4.5 cm depths with RZ-SHAW was comparable to that of SHAW, with RAISE of 2.18 degrees C and 2.23 degrees C, respectively, compared to 2.13 degrees C and 2.20 degrees C with SHAW Similarly, simulated canopy temperature was essentially the same, with RMSE values of 1.77 degrees C with RZ-SHAW and 1.69 degrees C with SHAW. Simulated surface soil water content was reasonable for both models. Simulated ET had an RMSE of 0.069 cm d(-1) with RZ-SHAW and 0.074 cm d(-1) with SHAW. The new RZ-SHAW model was an improvement over the original RZWQM model in simulating soil temperature and moisture, in addition to its ability to provide complete energy balance and canopy temperature. C1 [Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Flerchinger, G. N.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Sauer, T. J.; Prueger, J. H.; Malone, R. W.; Hatfield, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700019 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Tollner, EW AF Lewis, M. A. Trabelsi, S. Nelson, S. O. Tollner, E. W. TI ANALYSIS OF STABILITY AND TYPE INDEPENDENCE OF THREE DENSITY-INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION FUNCTIONS FOR MICROWAVE MOISTURE SENSING IN SHELLED AND UNSHELLED PEANUTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Complex permittivity; Dielectric properties; Free-space measurements; Microwave sensing; Moisture content; Shelled peanuts; Unshelled peanuts ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; BULK-DENSITY; GRAIN AB A microwave dielectric method was used for nondestructive and rapid determination of moisture content in shelled and unshelled peanuts of various types from transmission measurements of their relative complex permittivities in free space at 23 degrees C between 5 and 15 GHz. Moisture content was estimated, independent of bulk density, with three density-independent calibration functions and compared to standard oven moisture determinations; two of these functions are permittivity-based, and the other is expressed in terms of attenuation and phase shift. The effectiveness and stability of these three functions for type independence were evaluated over broad ranges of frequency, moisture content, and bulk density. While the performance of each function with individual type calibrations was reaffirmed, statistical analysis also showed high coefficients of determination in predictions with the combined type-independent calibrations. Therefore, with microwave moisture sensing technology, calibration equations can be used to accurately predict moisture content in peanuts with insensitivity to type; which is a characteristic lacking in today's commercial moisture meters. C1 [Lewis, M. A.; Trabelsi, S.; Nelson, S. O.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Tollner, E. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM micahlew@uga.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 189 EP 198 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700021 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Rhoades, MB Cole, NA Sambana, VP AF Parker, D. B. Rhoades, M. B. Cole, N. A. Sambana, V. P. TI EFFECT OF UREASE INHIBITOR APPLICATION RATE AND RAINFALL ON AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM BEEF MANURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Cattle; Feces; Feedlot; Feedyard; Urea; Urine ID CRUDE PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; N LOSSES; SOIL; PERFORMANCE; FEEDYARD; WASTE; VOLATILIZATION AB Social, economic, and environmental factors have prompted the desire to reduce global atmospheric ammonia emissions. A research project was conducted to assess the efficacy of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) for reducing ammonia emissions from simulated open-lot beef cattle feedyard surfaces. A mixture of beef cattle feces and urine (manure) was placed into small emission chambers (167 x 167 x 170 mm deep). A urea solution was added every 2 days to simulate continual urine deposition in the feedyard. Clean air (1.4 L min(-1)) was passed over the manure surface, and ammonia was trapped in an acid solution. The six treatments (three replications per treatment) included combinations of NBPT application rate with or without simulated rainfall. NBPT was applied at zero, steady (5 kg ha(-1) every 4 days), or increasing (5 kg ha(-1) initially, doubled every 4 days up to 40 kg ha(-1)) rates. Rainfall treatments received 6 mm every 4 days. For all treatments, mean ammonia emissions from the manure were lower (p < 0.05) when simulated rainfall was added. Mean ammonia emission rates for the NBPT treatments were 26% to 33% of the non-NBPT treatments, demonstrating that NBPT was effective at reducing emissions from the manure surfaces in both wet and dry conditions. There were no statistical differences in mean ammonia emission rates for the steady and increasing NBPT application rates, showing that a steady NBPT application of 5 kg ha(-1) every 4 days was effective in reducing ammonia emissions from the manure. The use of NBPT appears promising for reducing ammonia emissions at beef cattle feedyards. Additional research is warranted to study the effectiveness under long-term conditions in an outdoor feedyard setting. C1 [Parker, D. B.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Rhoades, M. B.; Sambana, V. P.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM david.parker@ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700023 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Malone, GW Walter, WD AF Parker, D. B. Malone, G. W. Walter, W. D. TI VEGETATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL BUFFERS AND EXHAUST FAN DEFLECTORS FOR REDUCING DOWNWIND ODOR AND VOCS FROM TUNNEL-VENTILATED SWINE BARNS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Manure; Odor; Olfactometer; Shelterbelt; Swine; Tree buffer; VEB; Volatile organic compounds; Windbreak ID EMISSIONS; SHELTERBELTS; MANAGEMENT; WINDBREAKS; LIVESTOCK; AMMONIA AB Scientists have investigated methods for reducing odor emissions from livestock buildings for decades, yet few technologies have proven effective. Vegetative environmental buffers (VEB), which are specially designed combinations of trees, shrubs, and grasses, have shown promise in recent years for reducing odors at poultry operations, but they have seen less testing at swine farms. A field research project was conducted at two similar 8-barn swine finisher sites in Missouri to assess the effectiveness of VEBs in combination with fan deflectors for reducing downwind odor impacts from tunnel-ventilated swine barns. A VEB and fan plume deflectors were installed in spring 2009 at one 8-barn site, while the other site, with neither VEB nor fan plume deflectors, served as the control. Odor was monitored from July to November 2009, with trained human panelists at eight locations, upwind and downwind of the VEB, barns, and lagoons. Five aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs: phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, skatole) were sampled from ambient air using sorbent tubes and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compared to the control site, the VEB reduced odor concentrations (dilutions to threshold, D/T) by 49.1% in the VEB and by 66.3% at distance 15 m downwind of the VEB (p < 0.001). There was a larger percentage of non-detect odor concentrations (D/T < 2) at 15 m downwind for the VEB site (57.6%) as compared to the control site (16.4%). Mean upwind odor concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 2.4 D/T. Mean odor concentrations at the 150 m downwind location were not significantly different for the control (mean DT = 3.0) and the VEB site (mean DT = 3.5) (p = 0.42). Mean odor concentrations at 300 in downwind were not significantly different for the control (mean DT = 2.3) and the VEB site (mean DT = 2.5) (p = 0.47). In late 2010, a laboratory wind tunnel was used to compare VOC flux from VEB vegetation samples before and after rinsing. Wind tunnel VOC fluxes from vegetation were 78% to 98% lower after rinsing, qualitatively showing that particulate matter (PM) captured on the vegetation reduces VOC emissions. The results of these field and laboratory experiments confirm that VEBs reduce downwind odor within 30 m of the barn or 15 m from the VEB by increasing dilution and capturing odorous PM in the vegetation. C1 [Parker, D. B.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Malone, G. W.] Malone Poultry Consulting, Georgetown, DE USA. [Walter, W. D.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM david.parker@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 227 EP 240 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700025 ER PT J AU Thayer, CA Gilley, JE Durso, LM Marx, DB AF Thayer, C. A. Gilley, J. E. Durso, L. M. Marx, D. B. TI RUNOFF NUTRIENT LOADS AS AFFECTED BY RESIDUE COVER, MANURE APPLICATION RATE, AND FLOW RATE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Feedlots; Land application; Manure management; Manure runoff; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Runoff; Water quality ID RAINFALL SIMULATOR; OVERLAND-FLOW; PLOT-SCALE; TRANSPORT; EROSION; FERTILIZER; COMPOST; SOIL AB Manure is applied to cropland areas with varying surface cover to meet single-year or multiple-year crop nutrient requirements. The objectives of this field study were to: (1) examine runoff water quality characteristics following land application of manure to sites with and without wheat residue, (2) compare the water quality impacts of land application of manure to meet 0-, 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-year P-based requirements for corn, and (3) evaluate the effects of varying runoff rates on runoff nutrient loads. Three 30-min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24 h intervals, were applied at an intensity of 70 mm h(-1) to 0.75 m wide by 2.0 in long plots on which manure has been previously applied and incorporated. Runoff loads of dissolved phosphorus (DP), total phosphorus (TP), NO3-N, NH4-N, and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly greater on the plots with residue cover. Manure application rate significantly influenced runoff loads of DP, TP, NO3-N, NH4-N, and TN. No significant differences in runoff loads of DP and TP were found between sites where manure was applied to meet a 1-year or 2-year P requirement for corn. However, runoff loads of DP and TP were significantly greater on the sites where manure was applied to meet a 4-year rather than a 2-year P requirement. Each of the measured water quality parameters except electrical conductivity (EC) was significantly influenced by runoff rate. The application of manure to meet multiple-year crop nutrient requirements may increase nutrient loads in runoff C1 [Gilley, J. E.; Durso, L. M.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Thayer, C. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Room 251,Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700027 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Hinze, LL Lan, Y Westbrook, JK Hoffmann, WC AF Zhang, H. Hinze, L. L. Lan, Y. Westbrook, J. K. Hoffmann, W. Clint TI DISCRIMINATING AMONG COTTON CULTIVARS WITH VARYING LEAF CHARACTERISTICS USING HYPERSPECTRAL RADIOMETRY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cotton cultivar discrimination; Glands; Hyperspectral; Leaf pigment; Pubescence ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; DECISION TREES; USE EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN; CLASSIFICATION; CORN; WEED; ACCURACY; INDEXES AB There is a rapidly growing interest in methods for automatic plant identification in agricultural research. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a crop well-suited to precision agriculture and its inherent goals of increasing yields while minimizing environmental impacts. Ten cotton (G. hirsutum and G. barbadense) cultivars with differing leaf characteristics were evaluated in a greenhouse environment. Hyperspectral data collected with a handheld spectroradiometer were used to distinguish among the cultivars. The features extracted by principal component analysis and stepwise selection approaches were used for discriminant analysis. The best discrimination accuracy by selected wavelengths was 90.4% for G. hirsutum cultivars, 100% for G. barbadense cultivars, and 91.6% for pooled cultivars of the two species. Spectral wavelengths at 550 and 760 nm were most relevant to the discrimination between these two cotton species. Two vegetation indices, NDVI and PRI, were also investigated for any significant differences across cotton cultivars. The results demonstrated that hyperspectral radiometry has good potential for discrimination of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense cotton cultivars in early stages of growth. C1 [Lan, Y.; Westbrook, J. K.; Hoffmann, W. Clint] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zhang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Hinze, L. L.] USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Lan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM yubin.lan@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700029 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Glenn, DM Park, J Ngugi, HK Lehman, BL AF Kim, Y. Glenn, D. M. Park, J. Ngugi, H. K. Lehman, B. L. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE SPECTRAL SENSOR FOR PLANT SENSING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Illumination; Infrared radiation; Precision agriculture; Sensors; Spectral analysis; Vegetation indices ID WATER-STRESS DETECTION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; REFLECTANCE; CORN; COTTON; FLUORESCENCE; IMAGERY; WHEAT; PRI AB Plant stress has been estimated by spectral signature using both passive and active sensors. As optical sensors measure reflected light from a target, changes in illumination conditions critically affect sensor response. Active spectral sensors minimize the illumination effects by producing their own illumination, which is reflected from the target and measured by the detector Although active sensors use modulated radiation that can be differentiated from ambient illumination, sensor performance characteristics must be well understood and examined in different target conditions of plant foliage in order to validate the data and increase the accuracy. In this article, the performance of a commercial active spectral sensor, GreenSeeker, was evaluated to study the effects of partial canopy coverage, target off-center, standoff distance, target surface tilting, wetness of target surface, illumination and temperature, bidirectional solar angle, and diurnal solar radiation. Experiments examined a valid range of sensor responses and identified a major effect of relative humidity that was amplified by moistened surfaces, resulting in an increase of NDVI response up to 41%. These evaluations illustrate the potentials and limitations of active spectral sensors for plant sensing and provide a guideline to understanding sensor performance in order to improve measurement accuracy. C1 [Kim, Y.; Park, J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Glenn, D. M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ngugi, H. K.; Lehman, B. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Biglerville, PA USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jameskim@purdue.edu FU USDA under the Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2008-51180-04876] FX This work was supported by the USDA under the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Award No. 2008-51180-04876). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 293 EP 301 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700031 ER PT J AU Jeon, HY Zhu, H AF Jeon, H. Y. Zhu, H. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A VARIABLE-RATE SPRAYER FOR NURSERY LINER APPLICATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Automatic sprayer; Ornamental tree; Pesticide application; Precision farming; Ultrasonic sensor ID TREE CANOPY; FOLIAGE DENSITY; VOLUME; SENSORS; CROPS; LASER AB Sensor-guided application technologies are needed to achieve constant spray deposition for the rapid growth of nursery liner trees during a growing season. An experimental real-time variable-rate sprayer was developed to adjust spray outputs automatically based on the liner canopy size. The developed sprayer consisted of two vertical booms, an ultrasonic sensor detecting system coupled with a spray flow rate controlled unit, a microcontroller, and a spray delivery system. Two booms were integrated with five opposing pairs of equally spaced spray nozzles. The sensors were mounted 0.35 m ahead of the spray nozzles to ensure sufficient time for signal processing. The accuracy of the sprayer in triggering spray against detected targets moving at 3.2 km h(-1) was evaluated by use of a high-speed camera. An outdoor laboratory plot consisting of six different-sized tree species was used to test the sprayer performance consistency. Test results revealed that the spray nozzles were triggered from 4.5 to 12.5 cm ahead of detected targets. Seventy-five percent of test runs for detecting canopy volume of the six tree species produced significant (p < 0.05) Pearson correlation coefficients from 0.43 to 0.88 when the sprayer travel speed was from 3.2 to 6.4 km h(-1). While the sprayer applied variable output rates from 0 to 20.4 L min(-1) at travel speeds from 3.2 to 8.0 km h(-1), the mean spray coverage inside canopies of six tree species was 12.0% to 14.7% and the mean spray deposit was 0.72 to 0.90 mu L cm(-2). Effects of travel speed on both mean spray deposit and coverage were insignificant. Therefore, the newly developed sprayer offered a possibility to achieve uniform spray deposition and coverage for nursery liner applications despite variations in liner canopy size and sprayer travel speed. C1 [Jeon, H. Y.; Zhu, H.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-06002] FX The authors express their appreciation to Dr. Robert D. Fox for his insightful review of the manuscript and to A. Clark, K. Williams, and B. Nudd for their assistance in developing the experimental sprayer. This research was supported by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Grant No. 2009-51181-06002). NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 303 EP 312 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700032 ER PT J AU Cohen, SD Tarara, JM Kennedy, JA AF Cohen, Seth D. Tarara, Julie M. Kennedy, James A. TI Diurnal Temperature Range Compression Hastens Berry Development and Modifies Flavonoid Partitioning in Grapes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; tannin; anthocyanin; flavonol; phenolic; climate ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; RED-WINE; ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SOLAR-RADIATION; SHIRAZ GRAPES; SKINS; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; EXTRACTION; EXPRESSION AB Temperatures during the day and night are known to influence grape berry metabolism and resulting composition. In this study, the flavonoid composition of field-grown Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot berries was investigated as a function of diurnal temperature range (DTR). The DTR was compressed by cooling berries during the day and heating them at night. Before veraison, there were minor differences in proanthocyanidin (PA) composition in the skins and seeds due to temperature treatments, most notably a decrease in gallate-esterification of seed flavan-3-ols with compressed DTR. Compressing the DTR significantly hastened berry development and the inception of veraison. Treatments imposed after veraison had minimal impact on skin and seed PAs; however, compressed DTRs favored the partitioning of anthocyanins and flavonols toward B-ring di-substitution. Compressing the DTR of grape berries had a consistent effect on berry development and partitioning of flavonoid metabolites while total flavonoid content was not significantly altered. C1 [Tarara, Julie M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Cohen, Seth D.; Kennedy, James A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kennedy, JA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Viticulture & Enol, 2360 E Barstow Ave, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. EM jakennedy@csufresno.edu RI Kennedy, James/A-1636-2012 OI Kennedy, James/0000-0002-5453-8469 FU American Vineyard Foundation; Viticulture Consortium-West; USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-00D] FX This work was funded by the American Vineyard Foundation, the Viticulture Consortium-West, and USDA-ARS CRIS no. 5358-21000-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.5344/ajev.2011.11015 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 910EJ UT WOS:000301619700013 ER PT S AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, Brendan A. BE Doyle, MP Klaenhammer, TR TI Cold Plasma Decontamination of Foods SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Food Science and Technology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE nonthermal plasma; food processing; food safety; pathogen; ozone; antimicrobial treatment ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NONTHERMAL PLASMA; STERILIZATION; INACTIVATION; DISCHARGES; EFFICACY; PRODUCE; APPLES; AIR AB Cold plasma is a novel nonthermal food processing technology that uses energetic, reactive gases to inactivate contaminating microbes on meats, poultry, fruits, and vegetables. This flexible sanitizing method uses electricity and a carrier gas, such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, or helium; antimicrobial chemical agents are not required. The primary modes of action are due to UV light and reactive chemical products of the cold plasma ionization process. A wide array of cold plasma systems that operate at atmospheric pressures or in low pressure treatment chambers are under development. Reductions of greater than 5 logs can be obtained for pathogens such as Salmonella. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Effective treatment times can range from 120 s to as little as 3 s, depending on the food treated and the processing conditions. Key limitations for cold plasma are the relatively early state of technology development, the variety and complexity of the necessary equipment, and the largely unexplored impacts of cold plasma treatment on the sensory and nutritional qualities of treated foods. Also, the antimicrobial modes of action for various cold plasma systems vary depending on the type of cold plasma generated. Optimization and scale up to commercial treatment levels require a more complete understanding of these chemical processes. Nevertheless, this area of technology shows promise and is the subject of active research to enhance efficacy. C1 ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM brendan.niemira@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 11 U2 129 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1413 BN 978-0-8243-4903-5 J9 ANNU REV FOOD SCI T JI Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 3 BP 125 EP 142 DI 10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101132 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BZJ97 UT WOS:000301795100007 PM 22149075 ER PT S AU Onwulata, CI AF Onwulata, C. I. BE Doyle, MP Klaenhammer, TR TI Encapsulation of New Active Ingredients SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Food Science and Technology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE bioactives; functional foods; regulation ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PROBIOTIC BACTERIA; FUNCTIONAL FOODS; COMPLEX COACERVATION; DIETARY PATTERNS; IN-VITRO; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS; DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; FISH CONSUMPTION AB The organic construct consumed as food comes packaged in units that carry the active components and protect the entrapped active materials until delivered to targeted human organs. The packaging and delivery role is mimicked in the microencapsulation tools used to deliver active ingredients in processed foods. Microencapsulation efficiency is balanced against the need to access the entrapped nutrients in bioavailable forms. Encapsulated ingredients boosted with bioactive nutrients are intended for improved health and well-being and to prevent future health problems. Presently, active ingredients are delivered using new techniques, such as hydrogels, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles. In the future, nutraceuticals and functional foods may be tailored to individual metabolic needs and tied to each person's genetic makeup. Bioactive ingredients provide health-enhancing nutrients and are protected through encapsulation processes that shield the active ingredients from deleterious environments. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM charles.onwulata@ars.usda.gov RI Osorio Tobon, Juan Felipe/G-6877-2012 NR 144 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 94 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1413 BN 978-0-8243-4903-5 J9 ANNU REV FOOD SCI T JI Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 3 BP 183 EP 202 DI 10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101140 PG 20 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BZJ97 UT WOS:000301795100010 PM 22149076 ER PT S AU Juneja, VK Dwivedi, HP Yan, XH AF Juneja, Vijay K. Dwivedi, Hari P. Yan, Xianghe BE Doyle, MP Klaenhammer, TR TI Novel Natural Food Antimicrobials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Food Science and Technology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE food preservatives; plant essential oils; nisin; natamycin; lysozyme; lactoferrin; lactoperoxidase; herbs ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; CONTROL LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PEPSIN-DIGESTED DERIVATIVES; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; CLASS IIA BACTERIOCINS; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; LIQUID WHOLE EGG; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI AB Naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds could be applied as food preservatives to protect food quality and extend the shelf life of foods and beverages. These compounds are naturally produced and isolated from various sources, including plants, animals and microorganisms, in which they constitute part of host defense systems. Many naturally occurring compounds, such as nisin, plant essential oils, and natamycin, have been widely studied and are reported to be effective in their potential role as antimicrobial agents against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Although some of these natural antimicrobials are commercially available and applied in food processing, their efficacy, consumer acceptance and regulation are not well defined. This manuscript reviews natural antimicrobial compounds with reference to their applications in food when applied individually or in combination with other hurdles. It also reviews the mechanism of action of selected natural antimicrobials, factors affecting their antimicrobial activities, and future prospects for use of natural antimicrobials in the food industry. C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.; Yan, Xianghe] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Dwivedi, Hari P.] BioMerieux Inc, Hazelwood, MO 63042 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov NR 169 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 123 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1413 BN 978-0-8243-4903-5 J9 ANNU REV FOOD SCI T JI Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 3 BP 381 EP 403 DI 10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101241 PG 23 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BZJ97 UT WOS:000301795100019 PM 22385168 ER PT J AU Dong, DS Schmit, TM Kaiser, H AF Dong, Diansheng Schmit, Todd M. Kaiser, Harry TI Modelling household purchasing behaviour to analyse beneficial marketing strategies SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRICE; REGRESSION; QUALITY AB Price promotion and generic advertising are two common strategies to increase consumer demand for food products. Which one is preferred over the other depends largely, on the relative importance of state dependence and heterogeneity in household purchase decision and behaviour on desired commodity over time. In this article, this issue is investigated for household purchases of fluid milk products using a panel data dynamic Tobit model. The proposed econometric model accounts not only for state dependence and heterogeneity of the purchasing process, but also for the censoring or sample selectivity encountered when using household survey data. Empirical findings show that state dependence is negative and household heterogeneity over milk persists over time implying that advertising efforts aimed at increasing milk consumption would be more effective than short-term price promotions. The results also suggest that advertising efforts should concentrate on attracting new purchasers and increasing purchase frequencies for fluid milk products. C1 [Dong, Diansheng] USDA, ERS, FED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Schmit, Todd M.; Kaiser, Harry] Cornell Univ, AEM, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Dong, DS (reprint author), USDA, ERS, FED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ddong@ers.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2012 VL 44 IS 6 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1080/00036846.2010.522521 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 909AN UT WOS:000301534400005 ER PT J AU Huang, KS Huang, SW AF Huang, Kuo S. Huang, Sophia Wu TI Consumer welfare effects of increased food and energy prices SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE demand elastivity; compensating variation; consumer welfare AB In this study, the authors evaluated how much price changes in food and energy - two basic living expenditures competing for consumers' budgets would affect consumer welfare. We first estimated a US complete demand system to quantify the interdependent demand relationships among 11 categories of consumption expenditures. Among the estimates, the own price elasticities of both food and energy are relatively inelastic, a finding that explains the dynamics of the recent soaring food and energy prices. The estimated demand elasticities were then incorporated into the measurement of Hicksian compensating variation to analyse the consumer welfare effects of price changes in food and energy. The results indicated that an increase in food and energy prices would increase compensated expenditures or incur a substantial consumer welfare loss, creating an especially heavy burden for low income households. C1 [Huang, Kuo S.; Huang, Sophia Wu] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Huang, KS (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM khuang@ers.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2012 VL 44 IS 19 BP 2527 EP 2536 DI 10.1080/00036846.2011.566182 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 909CJ UT WOS:000301539400010 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Ramsay, TG Scholz, AM AF Mitchell, Alva D. Ramsay, Timothy G. Scholz, Armin M. TI Measurement of changes in body composition of piglets from birth to 4 kg using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article DE quantitative magnetic resonance; piglets; body composition ID SOW-REARED PIGLETS; ENERGY-INTAKE; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; NEWBORN PIGLETS; BABY PIGS; WEIGHT; LANDRACE; PROTEIN; PLASMA; FAT AB The purpose of this study was to use quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) to measure changes in the body composition of piglets during growth from birth to 4 kg body weight. Using QMR, 60 pigs were scanned an average of 5 times starting at 2.7 +/- 1.3 days of age (1.95 kg) and finally at 13.1 +/- 4.3 days (4.14 kg). Regression analysis revealed that the rates of total body growth and fat and lean deposition were linear throughout this period. Subsequently, a second group of 235 pigs (109 males and 126 females) were scanned twice, first at 2.7 +/- 1.2 days of age and then at 13.4 +/- 3.1 days of age. The mean (+/- SD) rate of total body growth was 230 +/- 57 g/day. The rates of fat and lean deposition were 40 13 g/day and 191 +/- 52 g/day, respectively. The rates of both fat and lean deposition were highly correlated (P<0.001) with total body growth rate (R-2=0.81 and 0.93, respectively) and the coefficient of determination between the rates of fat and lean deposition was 0.71 (P<0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that QMR is a useful method for measuring changes in body composition in neonatal pigs. Furthermore, the results indicate that during the period of growth from birth to 4 kg, the rates of both fat and lean deposition are linear and highly correlated with total body growth. C1 [Mitchell, Alva D.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scholz, Armin M.] Univ Munich, Livestock Ctr, Oberschleissheim, Germany. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alva.mitchell@ars.usda.gov OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 912TT UT WOS:000301823700006 ER PT J AU Spies, TA Lindenmayer, DB Gill, AM Stephens, SL Agee, JK AF Spies, Thomas A. Lindenmayer, David B. Gill, A. Malcolm Stephens, Scott L. Agee, James K. TI Challenges and a checklist for biodiversity conservation in fire-prone forests: Perspectives from the Pacific Northwest of USA and Southeastern Australia SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Disturbance; Fire effects; Fire regimes; Human systems; Landscape management; Monitoring ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; EASTERN CASCADES; CONIFER FORESTS; REGIMES; WILDFIRE; SEVERITY; PATTERNS; FUELS AB Conserving biodiversity in fire-prone forest ecosystems is challenging for several reasons including differing and incomplete conceptual models of fire-related ecological processes, major gaps in ecological and management knowledge, high variability in fire behavior and ecological responses to fires, altered fire regimes as a result of land-use history and climate change, and the increasing encroachment into forest landscapes by humans. We briefly compare two ecologically distinct fire-prone forest regions, the Pacific Northwest, USA and southeastern Australia with the goal of finding ecological conservation generalities that transcend regional differences as well as differences in scientific concepts and management. We identify the major conceptual scientific and conservation challenges and then present a checklist of questions that need to be answered to implement place-based approaches to conserving biodiversity in fire-prone forest ecosystems. The two regions exhibit both similarities and differences in how biodiversity conservation is conceptualized and applied. Important research and management challenges include: understanding fire-prone systems as coupled natural-human systems, using the disturbance regime concept in multiple ways, dealing with large fire events, using language about the effects of fire with more precision, and researching and monitoring fire and biodiversity at multiple spatial scales. Despite the weaknesses of present conceptual models, it is possible to develop a checklist of principles or questions that can be used to guide management and conservation at local scales across systems. Our list includes: establishing the socio-economic context of fire management, identifying disturbance regimes that will meet conservation goals, moving beyond fuel treatments as a goal, basing management goals on vital attributes of species, and planning for large events including post-fire responses. (c) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lindenmayer, David B.; Gill, A. Malcolm] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Agee, James K.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us; david.lindenmayer@anu.edu.au; malcolm.gill@anu.edu.au; sstephens@berkeley.edu; jagee@u.washington.edu FU PNW Research Station FX We thank the Focused Science Delivery Program of the PNW Research Station for the funding which supported this work. NR 119 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 22 U2 144 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.09.008 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903CB UT WOS:000301092400004 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Kerr, BJ AF Karlen, Douglas L. Kerr, Brian J. TI Future Testing Opportunities to Ensure Sustainability of the Biofuels Industry SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; corn; soybean; sustainable agriculture ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK; APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; MIDWESTERN ETHANOL PLANT; SOIL QUALITY; GROWING PIGS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; CRUDE GLYCEROL; AMINO-ACID AB For the soil and plant analysis community, development and expansion of biofuels will create many opportunities to provide a wide variety of analytical services. Our objective is to explore potential areas where those services could be marketed to support sustainable development of biofuels. One of the first is to provide soil fertility and plant nutrition information for sustainable feedstock production. Chemical, physical, and biological indicators of soil quality should also be monitored and interpreted using tools such as the soil management assessment framework (SMAF) to ensure soil resources can continue to meet global food, feed, and fiber demands as well as the new demands for biofuels. Feedstock sugar profile information will be needed to help manage conversion processes, calculate economic drivers such as the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP), and determine suitability for other bioproducts. There will also be an increasing need to evaluate a variety of coproducts created by corn (Zea mays) milling, soybean (Glycine max Merr.) processing, and the fledgling lignocellulosic conversion processes. For coproducts produced from wet or dry corn milling and dry grind ethanol production, accurate and efficient analysis and digestibility of fiber components [neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total dietary fiber (TDF)], amino acids (lysine, trypotophan, and methionine), fatty acids, and minerals (phosphorus and sulfur) will be needed. In addition, a capacity to accurately and rapidly detect contamination by mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, zearalenone, and fumonisisn or the presence of antibiotics such as penicillin or virginiamycin could potentially be important. For the biodiesel industry, methanol concentrations in crude glycerin must be reduced to meet Food and Drug Administration guidelines and quantified to ensure this coproduct is safe for use in livestock feeds. Finally, monitoring for several processes and coproducts associated with pyrolysis, a thermochemical platform for biomass conversion to bio-oils, biochar, and other products will be needed. We conclude that sustainable development of biofuel industries will have many positive benefits for soils, plant, and animal production systems and the analysts who will provide analytical services for monitoring all aspects of the biofuels industry. C1 [Karlen, Douglas L.; Kerr, Brian J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.631410 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 910LS UT WOS:000301639200004 ER PT J AU Asah, ST Bengston, DN Wendt, K DeVaney, L AF Asah, Stanley T. Bengston, David N. Wendt, Keith DeVaney, Leif TI Prognostic Framing of Stakeholders' Subjectivities: A Case of All-Terrain Vehicle Management on State Public Lands SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conflict; ATV; Q methodology; Consensus; Stakeholders; Prognostic framing ID CONFLICT FRAME; Q-METHODOLOGY; MOVEMENT; PERSPECTIVE; DISPUTES AB Management of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) use on Minnesota state forest lands has a contentious history and land managers are caught between ATV riders, non-motorized recreationists, private landowners, and environmental advocates. In this paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of framing distinct perspectives about ATV management on Minnesota state public forests, understand the structure of these management perspectives, identify areas of consensus and disagreement, specify which stakeholders hold the various perspectives, clarify stakeholder perceptions of other stakeholders, and explore the implications for ATV planning and management. Using Q methodology, three distinct perspectives about how we should or should not manage ATVs resulted from our analysis, labeled Expert Management, Multiple Use, and Enforcement and Balance. A surprising degree of unanimity among the three management perspectives was found. Although some of the areas of agreement would be difficult to implement, others would be relatively simple to put into place. We suggest that land managers focus on widely accepted management actions to ameliorate commonly recognized problems, which may ease tensions between stakeholders and make tackling the tougher issues easier. C1 [Asah, Stanley T.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bengston, David N.] USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wendt, Keith] MN DNR, St Paul, MN USA. [DeVaney, Leif] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Asah, ST (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stasah@u.washington.edu FU Division of Parks and Trails of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX The authors are thankful to all those who participated in the study through interviews and Q-sorting. We extend our gratitude to Grant Wilson and Andy Holdsworth for pre-testing the initial sort and providing constructive feedback on the design of the final sort. We are grateful to Seth Tuler and Kimberly Byrd for their insightful reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their many constructive comments and suggestions. The authors extend their gratitude to the Division of Parks and Trails of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for funding this study. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9756-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905UD UT WOS:000301299800015 PM 21984046 ER PT J AU Fisher, DR Campbell, LK Svendsen, ES AF Fisher, Dana R. Campbell, Lindsay K. Svendsen, Erika S. TI The organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS LA English DT Article DE urban stewardship; local environmentalism; civil society organisations ID SOCIAL-MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS; LOCAL ENVIRONMENTALISM; RESOURCE MOBILIZATION; US ENVIRONMENTALISM; PROFESSIONALIZATION; PARTICIPATION; JUSTICE; POLICY AB How is the organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship groups related to the diverse ways that civic stewardship is taking place in urban settings? The findings of the limited number of studies that have explored the organisational structure of civic environmentalism are combined with the research on civic stewardship to answer this question. By bridging these relatively disconnected strands of research and testing their expectations on a structured sample of civic groups that were surveyed in New York City, a statistically significant relationship is found between the organisational structure of groups and both the organisational characteristics, as well as the types of environmental work they are doing. How these findings advance the research on urban environmental stewardship is discussed, as well as what these results tell us about the ways civil society engages in urban stewardship more broadly. C1 [Fisher, Dana R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Campbell, Lindsay K.; Svendsen, Erika S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, New York, NY USA. RP Fisher, DR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM drfisher@umd.edu NR 86 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0964-4016 J9 ENVIRON POLIT JI Environ. Polit. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 26 EP 48 DI 10.1080/09644016.2011.643367 PG 23 WC Environmental Studies; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 912JH UT WOS:000301793500002 ER PT J AU Fatima, T Teasdale, JR Bunce, J Mattoo, AK AF Fatima, Tahira Teasdale, John R. Bunce, Jim Mattoo, Autar K. TI Tomato response to legume cover crop and nitrogen: differing enhancement patterns of fruit yield, photosynthesis and gene expression SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; nitrogen; plant growth; Solanum lycopersicum; sustainable agriculture ID HAIRY VETCH; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; BLACK POLYETHYLENE; POLYAMINES; GROWTH; FERTILIZER; POTASSIUM; QUALITY; NITRATE; STRESS AB Excessive use of nitrogen (N) in crop production has impacted ecosystems by contaminating soil and water. Management of N in agriculture is therefore of global concern. Sustainable agriculture systems that use leguminous cover crops such as hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) to fix N and enrich soil organic matter by fixing carbon provide an alternative strategy. N signalling pathways were found associated with delayed leaf senescence and disease tolerance of hairy vetch-grown tomatoes. To test whether N in hairy vetch is the only contributing factor leading to these phenotypes, we designed a pot experiment in the field to analyse growth and gene expression in tomatoes, one set with soil overwintered without a cover crop (bare soil) and the other with soil overwintered with a hairy vetch cover crop including the vetch residue on the soil surface. Additionally, supplementary N fertiliser was also provided to aid distinguishing tomato responses to vetch from those to inorganic N. Tomato fruit yield, plant biomass and photosynthesis were higher in plants grown in vetch than bare soil. Tomato growth and photosynthesis metrics exhibited a parabolic response to inorganic N in bare soil, suggesting the potential for N toxicity in pots with the highest N rate. Vetch-grown tomato plants mitigated these effects and maintained elevated photosynthetic rates at high inorganic N levels. Vetch-grown plants also mitigated a decline in expression of several genes regulating nitrogen and carbon metabolism and upregulated the defence-related gene, osmotin, relative to plants grown in bare soil. Thus, some of the positive responses of tomatoes to a hairy vetch cover crop observed in the field seem mediated by physiological cues other than the additional N provided by the vetch cover crop. C1 [Fatima, Tahira; Teasdale, John R.; Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bunce, Jim] ARS, Crop Syst & Global Climate Change Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 33 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 3 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1071/FP11240 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 909EU UT WOS:000301546200007 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM Butler, BW Weise, DR AF Nelson, Ralph M., Jr. Butler, Bret W. Weise, David R. TI Entrainment regimes and flame characteristics of wildland fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE air/fuel mass ratio; combustion regimes; entrainment constant; flame height; flame tilt angle ID SHRUB FUEL; WIND-SPEED; SPREAD; MODEL; DEPENDENCE; INITIATION; WILDFIRE; LIVE; BED AB This paper reports results from a study of the flame characteristics of 22 wind-aided pine litter fires in a laboratory wind tunnel and 32 field fires in southern rough and litter-grass fuels. Flame characteristic and fire behaviour data from these fires, simple theoretical flame models and regression techniques are used to determine whether the data support the derived models. When the data do not support the models, alternative models are developed. The experimental fires are used to evaluate entrainment constants and air/fuel mass ratios in the model equations. Both the models and the experimental data are consistent with recently reported computational fluid dynamics simulations that suggest the existence of buoyancy-and convection-controlled regimes of fire behaviour. The results also suggest these regimes are delimited by a critical value of Byram's convection number. Flame heights and air/fuel ratios behave similarly in the laboratory and field, but flame tilt angle relationships differ. C1 [Nelson, Ralph M., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Leland, NC 28451 USA. [Butler, Bret W.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Weise, David R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM nelsonsally@bellsouth.net NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1071/WF10034 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910VT UT WOS:000301672100004 ER PT J AU Miranda, BR Sturtevant, BR Stewart, SI Hammer, RB AF Miranda, Brian R. Sturtevant, Brian R. Stewart, Susan I. Hammer, Roger B. TI Spatial and temporal drivers of wildfire occurrence in the context of rural development in northern Wisconsin, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Palmer Drought Severity Index; spatial point pattern analysis ID UNITED-STATES; FIRE DISTURBANCE; DROUGHT; LANDSCAPES; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; REGIMES; RISK AB Most drivers underlying wildfire are dynamic, but at different spatial and temporal scales. We quantified temporal and spatial trends in wildfire patterns over two spatial extents in northern Wisconsin to identify drivers and their change through time. We used spatial point pattern analysis to quantify the spatial pattern of wildfire occurrences, and linear regression to quantify the influence of drought and temporal trends in annual number and mean size of wildfires. Analyses confirmed drought as an important driver of both occurrences and fire size. When both drought and time were incorporated in linear regression models, the number of wildfires showed a declining trend across the full study area, despite housing density increasing in magnitude and spatial extent. Fires caused by campfires and debris-burning did not show any temporal trends. Comparison of spatial models representing biophysical, anthropogenic and combined factors demonstrated human influences on wildfire occurrences, especially human activity, infrastructure and property values. We also identified a non-linear relationship between housing density and wildfire occurrence. Large wildfire occurrence was predicted by similar variables to all occurrences, except the direction of influence changed. Understanding these spatial and temporal drivers of wildfire occurrence has implications for land-use planning, wildfire suppression strategies and ecological goals. C1 [Miranda, Brian R.; Sturtevant, Brian R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Hammer, Roger B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miranda, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM brmiranda@fs.fed.us FU National Fire Plan; USFS FX This research was supported by the National Fire Plan and the Northern Research Station of the USFS. John Stanovick provided helpful advice on statistical methods. Jian Yang was also a valuable resource for the spatial analysis, and provided a very thoughtful review of a draft of this manuscript. We also thank Eric Gustafson and Avi Bar Massada for helpful feedback on earlier drafts. We thank Courtney Klaus (WI DNR) and Mary Lucas (USFS) for providing their comprehensive fire databases. This paper was also improved by the advice of three anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1071/WF10133 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910VT UT WOS:000301672100005 ER PT J AU Hubbert, KR Wohlgemuth, PM Beyers, JL AF Hubbert, Ken R. Wohlgemuth, Pete M. Beyers, Jan L. TI Effects of hydromulch on post-fire erosion and plant recovery in chaparral shrublands of southern California SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Cedar Fire; chaparral; gabbro; granite; morning glory; silt fence ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; HILLSLOPE EROSION; WILDFIRE; FIRE; MONTANA; RUNOFF; FOREST; USA AB Following the Cedar Fire (one of seven large wildfires that burned in southern California during the autumn of 2003), aerial hydromulch was applied at 50 and 100% cover to reduce hillslope erosion in chaparral shrublands. Our objectives were to determine the effectiveness of hydromulch in preventing erosion, and to see if plant recovery was hindered by treatment. We installed 54 silt fences to measure sediment production. Five 1-m(2) grids were placed behind each fence to measure plant recovery. Hydromulch was effective in reducing erosion immediately after the fire; however, its benefits appeared to be limited to the first 2-4 months following fire, raising doubts as to its overall cost-effectiveness. The rapid breakdown of the hydromulch during the first 6 months after the wildfire provided little hillslope protection during the above-average October 2004 storm events. During the October events, both rainfall amount and storm intensity played a role in the magnitude of sediment production. Hydromulch did not affect post-fire plant recovery, with plant cover measuring>60% at all sites less than 2 years following the wildfire. Accelerated growth of chamise and forbs was likely due to hydromulch prolonging soil moisture retention. Large accumulations of dead litter following die-off of the herbaceous species could increase dry fuels, thus promoting wildfire and therefore shortening the fire return interval. C1 [Hubbert, Ken R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Wohlgemuth, Pete M.; Beyers, Jan L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Hubbert, KR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM khubbert@fs.fed.us FU USDA FX This research was funded in part by the USDA Forest Service Burned Area Emergency Response program. We thank Valerie Oriol, Wes Christensen, Erin Kreutz, Dan Ford, Andy Colter, Mark Parlow, Pete Robichaud, Todd Ellsworth and Brent Roath for their help on the project. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1071/WF10050 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910VT UT WOS:000301672100006 ER PT J AU Jolly, WM Hadlow, AM AF Jolly, W. Matt Hadlow, Ann M. TI A comparison of two methods for estimating conifer live foliar moisture content SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Computrac; fuel moisture; live fuels; oven-drying; rapid moisture analyser ID FINE FUEL MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; IGNITION AB Foliar moisture content is an important factor regulating how wildland fires ignite in and spread through live fuels but moisture content determination methods are rarely standardised between studies. One such difference lies between the uses of rapid moisture analysers or drying ovens. Both of these methods are commonly used in live fuel research but they have never been systematically compared to ensure that they yield similar results. Here we compare the foliar moisture content of Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) at multiple sites for an entire growing season determined using both oven-drying and rapid moisture analyser methods. We found that moisture contents derived from the rapid moisture analysers were nearly identical to oven-dried moisture contents (R-2 = 0.99, n = 68) even though the rapid moisture analysers dried samples at 145 degrees C nu. oven-drying at 95 degrees C. Mean absolute error between oven-drying and the rapid moisture analysers was low at 2.6% and bias was 0.62%. Mean absolute error was less than the within-sample variation of an individual moisture determination method and error was consistent across the range of moisture contents measured. These results suggest that live fuel moisture values derived from either of these two methods are interchangeable and it also suggests that drying temperatures used in live fuel moisture content determination may be less important than reported by other studies. C1 [Jolly, W. Matt; Hadlow, Ann M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Jolly, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mjolly@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP-10-1-08-6]; US Forest Service National Fire Decisions Support Center (NFDSC) FX This work was supported by a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program (grant number JFSP-10-1-08-6). We thank the US Forest Service National Fire Decisions Support Center (NFDSC) program for additional funding for this project. We also thank the Lubrecht Experimental Forest of The University of Montana, College of Forestry and Conservation, and the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, for providing access for foliar sampling. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers who offered constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.1071/WF11015 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910VT UT WOS:000301672100008 ER PT J AU Liang, JJ Calkin, DE Gebert, KM Venn, TJ Silverstein, RP AF Liang, Jingjing Calkin, Dave E. Gebert, Krista M. Venn, Tyron J. Silverstein, Robin P. TI Factors influencing large wildland fire suppression expenditures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE cost containment; fire economics; geostatistics; hierarchical partitioning; hypothesis test AB There is an urgent and immediate need to address the excessive cost of large fires. Here, we studied large wildland fire suppression expenditures by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Among 16 potential nonmanagerial factors, which represented fire size and shape, private properties, public land attributes, forest and fuel conditions, and geographic settings, we found only fire size and private land had a strong effect on suppression expenditures. When both were accounted for, all the other variables had no significant effect. A parsimonious model to predict suppression expenditures was suggested, in which fire size and private land explained 58% of variation in expenditures. Other things being equal, suppression expenditures monotonically increased with fire size. For the average fire size, expenditures first increased with the percentage of private land within burned area, but as the percentage exceeded 20%, expenditures slowly declined until they stabilised when private land reached 50% of burned area. The results suggested that efforts to contain federal suppression expenditures need to focus on the highly complex, politically sensitive topic of wildfires on private land. C1 [Liang, Jingjing] Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Calkin, Dave E.; Gebert, Krista M.] USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Venn, Tyron J.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Silverstein, Robin P.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Liang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM j.liang@uaf.edu RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 650 EP 659 DI 10.1071/WF07010 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 910VT UT WOS:000301672100010 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB AF Thomas, Donald B. TI Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera:Tephritidae) and the Phenology of its Native Host Plant Yellow Chapote (Rutaceae) in Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrus; host phenology; yellow chapote; mexfly ID POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; ANASTREPHA; CITRUS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; HABITATS; VERACRUZ; FLOWER AB In northeastern Mexico the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), breeds on its native host, yellow chapote, Casimiroa greggii (Wats.), which typically produces fruit in the spring. Peak populations of the fly occur in late spring or early summer when adults emerge from the generation of larvae which developed in the spring crop. The parents of the spring generation are flies attracted into the groves of yellow chapote by the presence of fruit. Thus, the reproductive phenology of the fly population depends on the reproductive phenology of the host plant. The reproductive phenology of the host plant follows ambient conditions, in particular, the timing and quantity of rainfall during the preflowering and fruiting season. A prolonged fruiting period can result in production of 2 successive generations of the fruit fly. Infestation rate of the fruit is inversely proportional to the size of the crop; a predictable outcome of the synchronized mass fruiting paradigm (environmental saturation) as a strategy to escape or limit depredation. A strategy to protect a fruit crop might be more effective by targeting the early ovipositing females rather than the succeeding larger peaks of adults. C1 ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM donald.thomas@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913MW UT WOS:000301883100001 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, D Gardner, WA AF Shapiro-Ilan, David Gardner, Wayne A. TI Improved Control of Curculio caryae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) through Multi-Stage Pre-Emergence Applications of Steinernema carpocapsae SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; pecan weevil ID PECAN WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; MICROBIAL CONTROL; VIRULENCE; LARVAE; SOIL AB The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a key pest of pecan in North America. Entomopathogenic nematodes have potential as alternative control agents for C. caryae. In prior studies, when single applications of entomopathogenic nematodes were applied during adult weevil emergence, only moderate efficacy was observed. The objective of this study was to determine the compounded impact of multistage nematode applications on C. caryae mortality over a 2-year period. Experiments were conducted in a pecan orchard in Byron, GA. In the fall of 2007, freshly-emerged C. caryae larvae were placed in pots under the tree canopy. The nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), was applied 3 times in spring through fall of 2008 (targeting C. caryae larvae) and 3 times during the spring and summer of 2009 (primarily targeting adults). The percentage of surviving C. caryae was determined in the fall of 2008 and 2009, approximately 1 and 2 years after larvae emerged. In 2008 (1 year postemergence), the number of surviving C. caryae was significantly less in treated pots (3.75%) compared with untreated pots (7.38%). In 2009 (2 years postemergence), the number of surviving C. caryae was reduced further and was significantly less in treated pots (0.5%) compared with untreated pots (2.63%). When corrected for natural mortality, after 2 years the nematode treatments provided 81% control. These results indicate promise for reducing the weevil below economic levels through repeated multistage applications of S. carpocapsae. In future research, the approach will be tested on an orchard scale, and nematode application rates and timing will be optimized. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David; Gardner, Wayne A.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov FU Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission FX The authors thank H. Bartels, T. Brearley, W. Evans, K. Halat, and K. Owusu for technical assistance, and the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for funding a portion of the research. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913MW UT WOS:000301883100003 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Wright, SE Short, BD Khrimian, A AF Leskey, Tracy C. Wright, Starker E. Short, Brent D. Khrimian, Ashot TI Development of Behaviorally-Based Monitoring Tools for the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Commercial Tree Fruit Orchards SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brown marmorated stink bug; Halyomorpha halys (Stal); methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrieonate; pyramid traps ID HALYOMORPHA-HALYS HEMIPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; PEACH ORCHARDS; TRAP; PLANTS; APPLE AB Captures of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), were significantly greater in pyramid traps baited with the known attractant, methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate, compared with unbaited traps. A dose-dependent response by adults to lures formulated with increasing amounts of methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate and deployed in association with black pyramid traps also was observed. Among pyramid traps representing different visual stimuli including black, green, yellow, clear, white and yellow, significantly greater captures were recorded in baited black pyramid traps for adults in 2009 and nymphs in 2010 compared with other trap types; the dark upright silhouette created by this trap likely represents a trunk-mimicking visual stimulus to foraging bugs. A ground-deployed baited black pyramid trap also captured significantly greater numbers of nymphs and adults compared with canopy-deployed commercially available baited traps from Japan. Based on semi-field cage studies, brown marmorated stink bug was confirmed to be bivoltine within the mid-Atlantic region. Thus, the need for a reliable monitoring tool to detect presence, abundance and seasonal activity of brown marmorated stink bug in tree fruit and other cropping systems is critical. C1 [Leskey, Tracy C.; Wright, Starker E.; Short, Brent D.; Khrimian, Ashot] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA [2010-37610-21845]; USDA-NIFA SCRI [2011-51181-30937] FX The authors thank Torri Hancock, John Cullum, and Rebecca Posa for excellent technical assistance. Funding for this project was provided in part by USDA-NIFA Critical Issues Grant #2010-37610-21845 and USDA-NIFA SCRI Grant #2011-51181-30937. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 46 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913MW UT WOS:000301883100008 ER PT S AU Li, ZG Kwekel, JC Chen, T AF Li, Zhiguang Kwekel, Joshua C. Chen, Tao BE Wang, J Tan, AC Tian, T TI Functional Comparison of Microarray Data Across Multiple Platforms Using the Method of Percentage of Overlapping Functions SO NEXT GENERATION MICROARRAY BIOINFORMATICS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Microarray; Biological pathway database; Functional comparison; Percentage of overlapping functions; R; Gene expression ID GENE-EXPRESSION MEASUREMENTS; ARISTOLOCHIC ACID; NCBI GEO; CONSISTENCY; PROFILES; KIDNEY; RATS AB Functional comparison across microarray platforms is used to assess the comparability or similarity of the biological relevance associated with the gene expression data generated by multiple microarray platforms. Comparisons at the functional level are very important considering that the ultimate purpose of microarray technology is to determine the biological meaning behind the gene expression changes under a specific condition, not just to generate a list of genes. Herein, we present a method named percentage of overlapping functions (POF) and illustrate how it is used to perform the functional comparison of microarray data generated across multiple platforms. This method facilitates the determination of functional differences or similarities in microarray data generated from multiple array platforms across all the functions that arc presented on these platforms. This method can also be used to compare the functional differences or similarities between experiments, projects, or laboratories. C1 [Li, Zhiguang; Chen, Tao] USDA, Div Genet & Mol Toxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. [Kwekel, Joshua C.] USDA, Div Syst Biol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. RP Li, ZG (reprint author), USDA, Div Genet & Mol Toxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-399-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 802 BP 123 EP 139 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-400-1_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-400-1 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BYQ68 UT WOS:000299796400009 PM 22130878 ER PT J AU Balsano, A Bobek, D Dowling, E Anderson, P AF Balsano, Aida Bobek, Deborah Dowling, Elizabeth Anderson, Pamela TI Peter's Bench: Remembrances of Peter Benson From Former Students of Richard Lerner SO APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Balsano, Aida] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Balsano, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Waterfront Ctr, 800 9th St SW,Rm 4433, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM abalsano@nifa.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1088-8691 J9 APPL DEV SCI JI Appl. Dev. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 SI SI BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1080/10888691.2012.642783 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 909XJ UT WOS:000301600100011 ER PT J AU Cox, WA Thompson, FR Faaborg, J AF Cox, W. Andrew Thompson, Frank R., III Faaborg, John TI SPECIES AND TEMPORAL FACTORS AFFECT PREDATOR-SPECIFIC RATES OF NEST PREDATION FOR FOREST SONGBIRDS IN THE MIDWEST SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Acadian Flycatcher; cause-specific mortality; Empidonax virescens; Indigo Bunting; nest predation; nest predators; Passerina cyanea; passerines ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT USE; SNAKES; LANDSCAPE; SURVIVAL; EDGE; FRAGMENTATION; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY; MISSOURI AB Knowledge of the relative contributions of predator species to overall rates of nest predation can improve our understanding of why predation risk varies, but the identity of predators is seldom known. We used video technology to identify nest predators of the tree-nesting Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) and the shrub-nesting Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) in forests of Missouri and southern Illinois. Raptors, snakes, and nonraptorial birds were the most frequent nest predators; rodents depredated fewer nests; and mesopredators rarely depredated nests. We tested hypotheses concerning effects of songbird species, ordinal date, nest stage, height, and age on overall and predator-specific predation rates to determine whether variation in overall predation rates was attributable to a subset of nest predators. Overall predation rates were higher for Indigo Buntings than for Acadian flycatchers, were higher during the nestling stage than during incubation, and exhibited a midseason peak. Compared with Indigo Buntings, Acadian Flycatchers experienced significantly lower predation by raptors, nonraptorial birds, and snakes and were never depredated by a mesopredator. Nests of both species had higher predation rates during the nestling stage than during incubation because of increased predation by raptors and snakes. Raptors, non raptorial birds, snakes, and rodents all exhibited a midseason peak in predation rates. Estimating the contribution of specific predators to overall predation rates can increase our mechanistic understanding of why predation risk varies and thus improve our understanding of antipredator behavior and increase our ability to predict how anthropogenic habitat and climate change will influence avian productivity. Received 1 August 2011, accepted 3 December 2011. C1 [Cox, W. Andrew; Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Cox, WA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wac253@mail.missouri.edu OI Cox, William/0000-0002-1205-5979 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Northern Research Station; Audubon Society of Missouri; Trans-World Airlines Scholarship program; National Science Foundation; University of Missouri FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Northern Research Station, the Audubon Society of Missouri, and the Trans-World Airlines Scholarship program. W. A. Cox was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and a University of Missouri Life Sciences Fellowship when this research was conducted. We thank the many assistants who helped in the field, especially R. Ton, K. Schaeffer, and C. Kukal. We thank the Missouri Department of Conservation for providing housing and access to field sites. W. A. Cox thanks A. S. Cox and the Faaborg lab for advice and support and A. George and B. Peterman for help identifying snakes to species in the predator videos. Finally, we thank the Mark Twain National Forest, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the private landowners near Thompsonville, Illinois, for access to their land. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2012 VL 129 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11169 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 908DO UT WOS:000301470800017 ER PT J AU Katzner, T Smith, BW Miller, TA Brandes, D Cooper, J Lanzone, M Brauning, D Farmer, C Harding, S Kramar, DE Koppie, C Maisonneuve, C Martell, M Mojica, EK Todd, C Tremblay, JA Wheeler, M Brinker, DF Chubbs, TE Gubler, R O'Malley, K Mehus, S Porter, B Brooks, RP Watts, BD Bildstein, KL AF Katzner, Todd Smith, Brian W. Miller, Tricia A. Brandes, David Cooper, Jeff Lanzone, Michael Brauning, Daniel Farmer, Christopher Harding, Sergio Kramar, David E. Koppie, Craig Maisonneuve, Charles Martell, Mark Mojica, Elizabeth K. Todd, Charlie Tremblay, Junior A. Wheeler, Maria Brinker, David F. Chubbs, Tony E. Gubler, Rolf O'Malley, Kieran Mehus, Scott Porter, Brady Brooks, Robert P. Watts, Bryan D. Bildstein, Keith L. TI STATUS, BIOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR NORTH AMERICA'S EASTERN GOLDEN EAGLE (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) POPULATION SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIGRATION; TRENDS; RAPTORS; COUNTS; QUEBEC; US C1 [Katzner, Todd] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Smith, Brian W.] Appalachian Mt Joint Venture, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Lanzone, Michael] Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Rector, PA 15677 USA. [Brandes, David] Lafayette Coll, Acopian Engn Ctr, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Cooper, Jeff] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Lanzone, Michael] Cellular Tracking Technol, Somerset, PA 15501 USA. [Brauning, Daniel] Penn Game Commiss, Wildlife Divers Program, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Farmer, Christopher] Tetra Tech EC Inc, Langhorne, PA 19047 USA. [Harding, Sergio] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA 23230 USA. [Kramar, David E.] Virginia Tech, Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Koppie, Craig] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Maisonneuve, Charles] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Rimouski, PQ G5L 8B3, Canada. [Martell, Mark] Audubon Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55125 USA. [Mojica, Elizabeth K.; Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Todd, Charlie] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Widlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Tremblay, Junior A.] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. [Wheeler, Maria; Porter, Brady] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Brinker, David F.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Nat Heritage Program, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Gubler, Rolf] Shenandoah Natl Pk, Luray, VA 22835 USA. [O'Malley, Kieran] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Romney, WV 26757 USA. [Mehus, Scott] Natl Eagle Ctr, Wabasha, MN 55981 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA. RP Katzner, T (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Percival Hall,Room 307D,POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM todd.katzner@mail.wvu.edu RI Mojica, Elizabeth/G-1504-2012; OI Mojica, Elizabeth/0000-0001-6941-4840; Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2012 VL 129 IS 1 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1525/auk.2011.11078 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 908DO UT WOS:000301470800019 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Meydani, M Azzi, A AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Meydani, Mohsen Azzi, Angelo TI a-Tocopheryl phosphateuAn activated form of vitamin E important for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis? SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Review DE vitamin E; tocopherol; tocopheryl phosphate; vascular endothelial growth factor ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; PREVENTION TRIAL SELECT; VEGF GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-KINASE-B; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; E-DEFICIENCY; E ANALOGS; INHIBIT ANGIOGENESIS AB Vitamin E was originally discovered as a dietary factor essential for reproduction in rats. Since then, vitamin E has revealed many important molecular properties such as the scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species or the modulation of signal transduction and gene expression in antioxidant and nonantioxidant manners. A congenital disease, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, which is characterized by impaired enrichment of a-tocopherol (aT) in plasma due to mutations in the a-tocopherol transfer protein gene, has been discovered. An effect of vitamin E on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis has been observed in several studies, and recently, it has been demonstrated in the placenta of pregnant ewes, possibly involving the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We recently observed that the phosphorylated form of aT, a-tocopheryl phosphate (aTP), increases the expression of VEGF. We propose that the stimulatory effect of aT on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis is potentiated by phosphorylation to aTP, which may act as a cofactor or active lipid mediator increasing VEGF expression. Increased VEGF expression and consequent enhanced angiogenesis and vasculogenesis induced by aTP may explain not only the essential roles of vitamin E on reproduction, but also its beneficial effects against pre-eclampsia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and during wound healing. It may also serve as a survival factor for brain and muscle cells. The finding that aTP may regulate vasculogenesis may indicate potential, important pathophysiological implications. C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Meydani, Mohsen; Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 621, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 621, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jean-marc.zingg@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This study was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The authors thank Stephanie Marco for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 130 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1002/biof.198 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 899RG UT WOS:000300833200003 PM 22281871 ER PT J AU Jairam, S Kolar, P Sharma-Shivappa, R Osborne, JA Davis, JP AF Jairam, Suguna Kolar, Praveen Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna Osborne, Jason A. Davis, Jack P. TI KI-impregnated oyster shell as a solid catalyst for soybean oil transesterification SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Fatty acid methyl esters; Solid catalysts; KI-impregnated oyster shells ID METAL-OXIDE CATALYSTS; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; BASE CATALYST; RAPESEED OIL; TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSESTERIFICATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; VEGETABLE-OILS; CALCIUM-OXIDE; PALM OIL; METHANOL AB Research on inexpensive and green catalysts is needed for economical production of biodiesel. The goal of the research was to test KI-impregnated calcined oyster shell as a solid catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil. Specific objectives were to characterize Kt-impregnated oyster shell, determine the effect of reaction variables and reaction kinetics. The catalyst was synthesized by impregnating KI on calcined oyster shells. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of portlandite and potassium iodide on the surface and a 31-fold increase in surface as a result of calcination and KI impregnation. Under the conditions tested, ideal reaction variables were 1 mmol g(-1) for catalyst loading, 50 degrees C for temperature, 10:1 for methanol/oil, and 4 h for reaction time. The transesterification followed a first-order reaction (k = 0.4385 h(-1)). The option of using oyster shell for the production of transesterification catalysts could have economic benefits to the aquaculture industry in the US. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolar, Praveen; Osborne, Jason A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, Jack P.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kolar, P (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sjairam@ncsu.edu; pkolar@ncsu.edu; ratna_sharma@ncsu.edu; jason.osborne@ncsu.edu; Jack.Davis@ARS.USDA.GOV FU North Carolina Agricultural Research Service FX The authors thank Dr. Roger McFeeters and Mr. Seth Fornea of USDA-ARS for help with biodiesel analysis, Chuck Mooney and Roberto Garcia for catalyst surface characterization, Rachel Huie and Ryan Libert for laboratory help; and North Carolina Agricultural Research Service for providing funding for this research. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 104 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.039 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 903XK UT WOS:000301155800044 PM 22078145 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Weber, SA Cotta, MA Li, SZ AF Liu, Z. Lewis Weber, Scott A. Cotta, Michael A. Li, Shi-Zhong TI A new beta-glucosidase producing yeast for lower-cost cellulosic ethanol production from xylose-extracted corncob residues by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-Glucosidase; Cellobiose; Cellulosic ethanol; Corncobs; Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUEL ETHANOL; LIGNOCELLULOSE; DETOXIFICATION; PRETREATMENT; INHIBITORS; CELLOBIOSE; GENE AB This study reports a new yeast strain of Clavispora NRRL Y-50464 that is able to utilize cellobiose as sole source of carbon and produce sufficient native beta-glucosidase enzyme activity for cellulosic ethanol production using SSF. In addition, this yeast is tolerant to the major inhibitors derived from lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment such as 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF), and converted furfural into furan methanol in less than 12 h and HMF into furan-2,5-dimethanol within 24 h in the presence of 15 mM each of furfural and HMF. Using xylose-extracted corncob residue as cellulosic feedstock, an ethanol production of 23 g/l was obtained using 25% solids loading at 37 degrees C by SSF without addition of exogenous beta-glucosidase. Development of this yeast aids renewable biofuels development efforts for economic consolidated SSF bio-processing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, Z. Lewis; Weber, Scott A.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Li, Shi-Zhong] Tsinghua Univ, Inst New Energy Technol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU National Research Initiative [2006-35504-17359] FX Authors are grateful to Badal Saha and Greg Kennedy for assistance and discussions. This research was supported in part by the National Research Initiative award project 2006-35504-17359. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 104 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.099 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 903XK UT WOS:000301155800055 PM 22133603 ER PT J AU Barr, CJ Mertens, JA Schall, CA AF Barr, Christopher J. Mertens, Jeffrey A. Schall, Constance A. TI Critical cellulase and hemicellulase activities for hydrolysis of ionic liquid pretreated biomass SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lignocellulose; Ionic liquid pretreatment; Aspergillus nidulans; Cellulases; Hemicellulases ID CORN STOVER; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ESTERASE-ACTIVITIES; PICHIA-PASTORIS; SACCHARIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; SWITCHGRASS; ENZYMES; ACID; POLYSACCHARIDES AB Critical cellulase and hemicellulase activities are identified for hydrolysis of ionic liquid (IL) pretreated poplar and switchgrass; hemicellulase rich substrates with largely amorphous cellulose. Enzymes from Aspergillus nidulans were expressed and purified: an endoglucanase (EG) a cellobiohydrolase (CBH), an endoxylanase (EX) and an acetylxylan esterase (AXE). beta-Xylosidase (beta X) from Selenomonas ruminantium and a commercial beta-glucosidase (beta G) from Novozyme 188 were admixed with the A. nidulans enzymes. Statistical analysis indicates that beta G and beta x activities are significant for both glucose and xylose yields for the two substrates. EG is a significant factor for glucan hydrolysis while EX is significant for xylan hydrolysis of the substrates. The CBH, which has activity on crystalline cellulose and negligible activity on amorphous cellulose, was not a significant factor in glucan hydrolysis. EX is significant in glucan hydrolysis for poplar. The addition of AXE significantly improves xylan hydrolysis for poplar but not switchgrass. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barr, Christopher J.; Schall, Constance A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Mertens, Jeffrey A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Schall, CA (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM constance.schall@utoledo.edu FU National Science Foundation [0933250, DGE-0742395] FX Research funding was provided by the National Science Foundation award #0933250, the National Science Foundation GK-12 Program to the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center, "Graduate Fellows in High School STEM Education: An Environmental Science Learning Community at the Land-Lake Ecosystem Interface", Grant #DGE-0742395. Special thanks to Doug Jordan and Jay Braker, USDA NCAUR-ARS Peoria, IL for the beta-xylosidase and assistance during expression and purification of enzymes and to Joshua Wissinger for assistance in enzyme assays. Instrumental usage and expertise by Tamara Phares, Bioengineering Lab Manager and B. Leif Hanson and Pannee Burckel, Instrumentation Center, University of Toledo were indispensable in the completion of this research. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 104 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.101 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 903XK UT WOS:000301155800065 PM 22154300 ER PT J AU Li, SY Wilson, MA Sun, XY AF Li, S. Y. Wilson, M. A. Sun, X. Y. TI Evaluation of Exponential Fertilization Technique for Cultivation of Turfgrass during Early Growth Period SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE exponential fertilization; fescue; nitrogen; steady-state nutrition; turfgrass ID CHINESE FIR SEEDLINGS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PERFORMANCE; FERTILITY; REGIMES; BIOMASS; MANAGEMENT; NUTRITION; RESPONSES AB The exponential fertilization method is based on the theory of supplying steady-state nutrition to young seedlings during the early, exponential growth stage. The objective of the research was to find the most effective method of fertilizing turfgrass during the early growth stage following seedling emergence. The field experiment was performed on turfgrass (tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) comparing a check (no fertilizer applied), two conventional fertilization techniques (equal additions and linearly increasing application rates over time) to the exponential additions fertilization method to test the relative effectiveness of this latter technique relative to conventional methods. Results show that the exponential growth period for fescue is the first 5 weeks following planting. Biomass accumulation, total nitrogen (N) concentration, and N content per seedling in turfgrass seedlings fertilized using the exponential addition fertilization technique were 32, 35, and 70% greater than those treated with traditional methods, respectively. C1 [Li, S. Y.; Sun, X. Y.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Water & Soil Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wilson, M. A.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Sun, XY (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Water & Soil Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM sunxy@bjfu.edu.cn FU Eleventh Five-Year Plan of the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs [2009BADB2B0504] FX This study was sponsored by the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs (No. 2009BADB2B0504). The authors thank the reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2012 VL 43 IS 4 BP 716 EP 729 DI 10.1080/00103624.2012.644010 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 910MA UT WOS:000301640100008 ER PT J AU Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Fowler, DB AF Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie Fowler, D. Brian TI Genotype-dependent Burst of Transposable Element Expression in Crowns of Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during Cold Acclimation SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA; VERNALIZATION1 GENE; STRESS; PLANTS; CEREALS; GENOME; RETROTRANSPOSONS; TEMPERATURE; VRN-1 AB The expression of 1,613 transposable elements (TEs) represented in the Affymetrix Wheat Genome Chip was examined during cold treatment in crowns of four hexaploid wheat genotypes that vary in tolerance to cold and in flowering time. The TE expression profiles showed a constant level of expression throughout the experiment in three of the genotypes. In winter Norstar, the most cold-hardy of the four genotypes, a subset of the TEs showed a burst of expression after vernalization saturation was achieved. About 47% of the TEs were expressed, and both Class I (retrotransposons) and Class II (DNA transposons) types were well represented. Gypsy and Copia were the most represented among the retrotransposons while CACTA and Mariner were the most representedDNA transposons. The data suggests that the Vrn-A1 region plays a role in the stage-specific induction of TE expression in this genotype. C1 [Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie] USDA ARS WRRC, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Fowler, D. Brian] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM debbie.laudencia@ars.usda.gov FU Genome Canada/Genome Prairie; Ducks Unlimited; USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-21000-015D] FX This work was supported by the Genome Canada/Genome Prairie (DBF), Ducks Unlimited (DBF) and USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5325-21000-015D (DLC). The authors thank Drs. Roger Thilmony and Grace Chen for their critical reading of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PY 2012 AR 232530 DI 10.1155/2012/232530 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 905IA UT WOS:000301264300001 ER EF