FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Suckling, DM Tobin, PC McCullough, DG Herms, DA AF Suckling, David Maxwell Tobin, Patrick C. McCullough, Deborah G. Herms, Daniel A. TI Combining Tactics to Exploit Allee Effects for Eradication of Alien Insect Populations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; biological invasion; density dependence; eradication; invasive species ID EMERALD ASH BORER; CENTRAL APPALACHIAN FOREST; TERM PEST-MANAGEMENT; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L.; GYPSY-MOTH; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MATING DISRUPTION; COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA-SESIIDAE; BEETLES COLEOPTERA AB Invasive species increasingly threaten ecosystems, food production, and human welfare worldwide. Hundreds of eradication programs have targeted a wide range of nonnative insect species to mitigate the economic and ecological impacts of biological invasions. Many such programs used multiple tactics to achieve this goal, but interactions between tactics have received little formal consideration, specifically as they interact with Allee dynamics. If a population can be driven below an Allee threshold, extinction becomes more probable because of factors such as the failure to find mates, satiate natural enemies, or successfully exploit food resources, as well as demographic and environmental stochasticity. A key implication of an Allee threshold is that the population can be eradicated without the need and expense of killing the last individuals. Some combinations of control tactics could interact with Allee dynamics to increase the probability of successful eradication. Combinations of tactics can be considered to have synergistic (greater efficiency in achieving extinction from the combination), additive (no improvement over single tactics alone), or antagonistic (reduced efficiency from the combination) effects on Allee dynamics. We highlight examples of combinations of tactics likely to act synergistically, additively, or antagonistically on pest populations. By exploiting the interacting effects of multiple tactics on Allee dynamics, the success and cost-effectiveness of eradication programs can be enhanced. C1 [Suckling, David Maxwell] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Herms, Daniel A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, PB 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM max.suckling@plantandfood.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara, the State of California; U.S. Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Asheville, NC; New Zealand's Ministry for Science and Innovation FX This review was developed in conjunction with the "Applying population ecology to strategies for eradicating invasive forest insects" Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/), a Center funded by NSF (Grant EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, the State of California and the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Asheville, NC. We thank our working group colleagues Julie Blackwood, Becky Epanchin-Niell, Alan Hastings, John Kean, Ludek Berec, Danny Lee, Sandy Liebhold, and Takehiko Yamanaka for helpful discussions and Laura Blackburn technical assistance. We also acknowledge support from New Zealand's Ministry for Science and Innovation (the Better Border Biosecurity program, www.b3nz.org). NR 145 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 41 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1603/EC11293 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600001 PM 22420248 ER PT J AU Yocum, GD Rinehart, JP Kemp, WP AF Yocum, George D. Rinehart, Joseph P. Kemp, William P. TI Duration and Frequency of a High Temperature Pulse Affect Survival of Emergence-Ready Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) During Low-Temperature Incubation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; fluctuating thermal regime; pollinator; spring incubation ID FLUCTUATING THERMAL REGIMES; COLD; STORAGE; INJURY; FLIES AB Synchronizing Megachile rotundata (F.) nesting activity with alfalfa bloom is essential for ensuring optimal pollination for alfalfa seed production. This is achieved by timing the initiation of spring bee incubation so that adults will emerge similar to 2 wk before peak bloom. If weather conditions change so as to delay the bloom, bee managers will commonly expose the developing bees to a period of low-temperature incubation to slow their development. We have previously demonstrated survival during low-temperature incubation can be significantly increased by using a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) where the bees receive a daily pulse at 20 degrees C. A FTR incubation protocol is composed of a number of different components, such as the base and pulse temperatures, and the duration and frequency of the pulse. In this investigation, the effect of the duration of the pulse (5-120 min) and the frequency of a pulse (twice daily to weekly) on the survival of developing M. rotundata was examined. A pulse as short as 5 min at 20 degrees C increased survival of the developing bees as compared with the constant 6 degrees C controls. Increasing the pulse duration induced a further increase in tolerance to 6 degrees C. As with the pulse duration, increasing the pulse frequency from once weekly to twice daily had a significant effect on improving the bees tolerance to low-temperature incubation. This investigation further strengthens the argument that a FTR protocol is superior to using a constant low-temperature exposure for interrupting the spring incubation of M. rotundata. C1 [Yocum, George D.; Rinehart, Joseph P.; Kemp, William P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Yocum, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM george.yocum@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1603/EC11210 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600002 PM 22420249 ER PT J AU Meikle, WG Patt, JM Sammataro, D AF Meikle, William G. Patt, Joseph M. Sammataro, Diana TI Intraspecific Competition Effects on Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; resource acquisition; population growth; temperature; diet ID EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; SURVIVORSHIP; TEMPERATURE; OVIPOSITION; FECUNDITY; BIOLOGY; DENSITY; DIETS AB Two kinds of experiments were conducted with Aethina tumida Murray larvae over four temperatures: "consumption" experiments, in which larvae and diet were weighed to determine food consumption rates under conditions of unlimited food and few conspecifics; and "competition" experiments, in which varying numbers of larvae were presented with the same amount of honey and pollen diet, and larval weight at final instar was used to determine competition effects. In consumption experiments temperature, diet and their interaction all had significant effects on the ratio of larval weight to the weight of food consumed, which was higher at 24 degrees C than at any other temperature. In competition experiments, three relationships were examined and modeled: that between the number of larvae per experimental unit and the average weight of those larvae; that between average larval and adult weights; and that between average adult weight and survivorship to adult (emergence rate). An exponential decay function was fit to the relationship between number of larvae per experimental unit and their average weight. Average adult weight was linearly correlated with larval weight. Likewise, emergence rates for adults <11.6 mg in weight were linearly correlated with adult weights, but no significant relationship was observed for heavier adults. Using these relationships, the reproductive potential for A. tumida were estimated for a frame of honey and pollen. Information on resource acquisition by A. tumida will be useful in evaluating the impact of different factors on beetle population dynamics, such as bee hygienic behavior or control strategies used by the beekeeper. C1 [Meikle, William G.; Patt, Joseph M.] Agr Res Serv, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Sammataro, Diana] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Meikle, WG (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM william.meikle@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1603/EC11273 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600004 PM 22420251 ER PT J AU Jang, EB McInnis, DO Kurashima, R Woods, B Suckling, DM AF Jang, Eric B. McInnis, Donald O. Kurashima, Rick Woods, Bill Suckling, David M. TI Irradiation of Adult Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Egg Sterility in Parental and F1 Generations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating disruption; irradiation; sterile insect technique; light brown apple moth ID CACTOBLASTIS-CACTORUM LEPIDOPTERA; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; INHERITED STERILITY; APPLE MOTH; MATING DISRUPTION; INSECT TECHNIQUE; SCALE TRIALS; QUALITY; PYRALIDAE; RADIATION AB Adult Epiphyas postvittana Walker were irradiated using a Cobalt 60 source to determine the dose needed to achieve complete egg sterility of mated female moths, and egg sterility of female moths mated to F1 generation males. Adult male and female E. postvittana were irradiated at 100, 200, 250, and 300 Gy and their fertility (when crossed with normal moths) was compared with nonirradiated moths. Viable progeny (determined by egg hatch) were found at doses of 100 and 200 Gy, but very little at 250 and 300 Gy. In particular, there was no survival of female progeny into the F1 generation. Males irradiated at 250 and 300 Gy had very low egg eclosion rates (2.25 and 1.86% at 250 and 300 Gy, respectively) when mated with normal females. The F2 generation from those male progeny had a mean percent hatched of <1.02%. Based on our results, a dose of 250-300 Gy is recommended for irradiation of E. postvittana adults used for sterile insect technique (SIT) if sterility of parental moths is the desired outcome. Our data also suggests that inclusion of F1 hybrid sterility rather than parental generation sterility into programs using the SIT may allow for doses lower than what we have reported, especially during initial phases of an eradication program where increase fitness of moths might be desirable. Further research is needed to verify the use of F1 hybrid sterility in light brown apple moth SIT programs. C1 [Jang, Eric B.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [McInnis, Donald O.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kurashima, Rick] USDA APHIS, PPQ, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Woods, Bill] Western Australia Dept Agr, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. [Suckling, David M.] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Jang, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM eric.jang@ars.usda.gov RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 FU CDFA; Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Biosecurity and Better Border Biosecurity in New Zealand FX The authors would like to thank Robert Dowell (CDFA), for his support of this research and Dwayne Ichimura, Gail Miyasato, Christopher Albrecht, and Charles Brown (USDA-ARS) for their technical help in this research. Gregory Simmons, Ken Bloem and Robert Dowell were thorough in their reviews of this paper. Research was funded in part by a grant from CDFA, Light Brown Apple Moth Program with support from the Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Biosecurity and Better Border Biosecurity (ww.b3nz.org) in New Zealand. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1603/EC11135 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600008 PM 22420255 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, EJ Castle, SJ AF Hoffmann, Eric J. Castle, Steven J. TI Imidacloprid in Melon Guttation Fluid: A Potential Mode of Exposure for Pest and Beneficial Organisms SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE guttation; imidacloprid; ELISA; melon ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ELISA; HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; QUADRASTICHUS-ERYTHRINAE; HYMENOPTERA APIDAE; TOXICITY; PESTICIDES; SEED; L.; QUANTIFICATION AB ELISA techniques were used to detect imidacloprid in guttation fluid of young cantaloupe plants in Arizona. Imidacloprid was detected at up to 4.1 mu g/ml (ppm) in a coincidental guttation collection 3 d after a top label rate soil application and at 37 mu g/ml one d after a separate top label rate soil application study. These imidacloprid titers exceed reported median oral toxicities for several insect species by factors of 10 or more. Pesticides in guttation fluid are a relatively unexplored route of exposure for both pest and beneficial insects, and could represent an important risk for both of these groups in guttation-prone environments. C1 [Hoffmann, Eric J.; Castle, Steven J.] USDA, Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Hoffmann, EJ (reprint author), USDA, Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM ejhoff2ns@gmail.com NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1603/EC11251 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600010 PM 22420257 ER PT J AU Smith, WEC Shivaji, R Williams, WP Luthe, DS Sandoya, GV Smith, CL Sparks, DL Brown, AE AF Smith, W. E. C. Shivaji, R. Williams, W. P. Luthe, D. S. Sandoya, G. V. Smith, C. L. Sparks, D. L. Brown, A. E. TI A Maize Line Resistant to Herbivory Constitutively Releases (E)-beta-Caryophyllene SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE (E)-beta-caryophyllene; maize; fall armyworm; volatile; resistance ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER; LEAF-FEEDING DAMAGE; VOLATILE EMISSIONS; NOCTUIDAE; ATTRACTS; GROWTH; SIGNAL; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Various pests, such as those in the order Lepidoptera, frequently feed on young maize (Zea mays) plants and pose a significant threat to plant development and survival. To manage this problem, maize generates a wide variety of responses to attack by pests, from activation of wound-response pathways to the release of volatile compounds. Mp708, an inbred line resistant to feeding by the larvae of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has been developed through traditional breeding methods, but its underlying mechanisms of resistance are still not completely understood. Mp708 has been shown to have a moderately high constitutive expression of jasmonic acid (JA) before infestation by fall armyworm. However, Tx601, a genotype susceptible to feeding by fall armyworm, activates JA pathway only in response to feeding, suggesting that Mp708 is "primed" to respond swiftly to an attack. Current research indicates that fall armyworm show a lack of preference to feeding on Mp708, leading to the hypothesis that volatiles constitutively released by the plant may also play an important role in its resistance. Analysis of volatiles released by Mp708 and Tx601 in the presence and absence of fall armyworm larvae identified (E)-beta-caryophyllene, a terpenoid associated with resistance, released constitutively in Mp708. Fall armyworm fed samples of both Mp708 and Tx601 showed high transcript number of tps23, the gene responsible for the synthesis of (E)-beta-caryophyllene. In addition, fall armyworm larvae show a preference for Tx601 whorl tissue over Mp708 tissue, and the dosage of Tx601 whorl with (E)-beta-caryophyllene repels the fall armyworm. C1 [Smith, W. E. C.; Shivaji, R.; Sparks, D. L.; Brown, A. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Smith, W. E. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Williams, W. P.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Luthe, D. S.; Sandoya, G. V.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16823 USA. [Smith, C. L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brown, AE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, 32 Creelman St,MS 9650, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM abrown@bch.msstate.edu RI Sandoya, German/A-9426-2013 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; MS Corn Promotion Board; State Research Initiative FX We thank J. Erik Mylorie for their help with statistical analysis. This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, MS Corn Promotion Board, and State Research Initiative. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1603/EC11107 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600016 PM 22420263 ER PT J AU Pureswaran, DS Sullivan, BT AF Pureswaran, Deepa S. Sullivan, Brian T. TI Semiochemical Emission From Individual Galleries of the Southern Pine Beetle, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Attacking Standing Trees SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE semiochemical release rate; mass attack; attack phase; synthetic lure; mass trapping ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; ALPHA-PINENE; VOLATILES AB We collected, identified, and quantified volatiles arising from individual gallery entrances of the monogamous bark beetle Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Samples were collected while the insects were mass attacking mature loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) in an established infestation in western Mississippi, 1 August through 3 October 2005. Following volatile sample collection, the entrances were dissected and categorized according to those that 1) contained a solitary female (the gallery initiating sex), 2) contained a pair that had not yet produced an egg gallery, 3) led to an egg gallery with niches and/or eggs, or 4) represented failed attacks (either abandoned or containing dead beetles). The greatest mean release rate of the female-produced aggregation pheromone components frontalin (74 ng/h) and trans-verbenol (0.35 mu g/h) was detected from entrances of solitary females, whereas the highest mean quantities of the male-produced multifunctional pheromone components endo-brevicomin (18 ng/h) and verbenone (0.15 mu g/h) were detected from entrances of preoviposition beetle pairs. Alpha-pinene, a host-produced monoterpene that functions as a synergist for the aggregation attractant for D. frontalis, was detected from entrances of solitary females and preoviposition pairs at a rate of 0.6 mg/h, or 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the insect-produced components of the attractant. Our results indicate that the release rates of pheromone components used in published field studies of the chemical ecology of D. frontalis (generally >0.1 mg/h) represent thousands of 'attack equivalents' or production rates on the scale of a beetle mass attack on a single host. Additionally, our data suggest that the loss in attractiveness of host tissue fully colonized by D. frontalis is because of the disappearance of attractants rather than an increase in inhibitors. C1 [Pureswaran, Deepa S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Sullivan, Brian T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Pureswaran, DS (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, POB 10380, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM deepa.pureswaran@nrcan.gc.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Tessa Bauman for laboratory assistance, M. Rhainds, J. Sweeney, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an early draft, I. Lamarre for editing and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for a postdoctoral fellowship to DSP. Operating budgets were provided by the USDA Forest Service to BTS and the Canadian Forest Service to DSP. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1603/EC11222 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600019 PM 22420266 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR Dabney, CP Huber, DPW AF Fettig, Christopher J. McKelvey, Stephen R. Dabney, Christopher P. Huber, Dezene P. W. TI Responses of Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Behavioral Assays: Implications to Development of a Semiochemical-Based Tool for Tree Protection SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetophenone; Dendroctonus ponderosae; nonhost angiosperm volatile; pest management; Pinus ponderosa ID WESTERN PINE-BEETLE; NONHOST ANGIOSPERM VOLATILES; IPS-PARACONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; ATTRACTANT-BAITED TRAPS; BARK BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; INHIBITORS VERBENONE; HOST COLONIZATION; EXO-BREVICOMIN AB Currently, techniques for managing western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), infestations are limited to tree removals (thinning) that reduce stand density and presumably host susceptibility, and/or the use of insecticides to protect individual trees. There continues to be significant interest in developing an effective semiochemical-based tool for protecting trees from D. brevicomis attack, largely as an alternative to conventional insecticides. The responses of D. brevicomis to tree volatiles and verbenone were documented in eight experiments (trapping assays) conducted over a 4-yr period in which 88,942 individuals were collected. Geraniol, a tree volatile unique to Pinus ponderosa that elicits female-specific antennal responses in D. brevicomis, did not affect D. brevicomis behavior. Blends of two green leaf alcohols [hexanol + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol] tested at two release rates (5.0 and 100.0 mg/d) had no effect on the response of D. brevicomis to attractant-baited traps. A nine-component blend [ benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, guaiacol, nonanal, salicylaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (-)-verbenone; NAVV] and subsequent revisions of this blend disrupted the response of D. brevicomis to attractant-baited traps in all experiments. The inhibitory effect of a revised five-component blend [nonanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (-)-verbenone; NAVV5] on the response of mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins, to attractant-baited traps was also documented. Acetophenone significantly reduced D. brevicomis attraction, but was not as effective as verbenone alone. Acetophenone increased the effectiveness of NAVV5 in one of two experiments. Furthermore, by adding acetophenone to NAVV5 we were able to remove the aldehydes from NAVV5 without compromising effectiveness, resulting in a novel four-component blend [ acetophenone, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol + (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (-)-verbenone; Verbenone Plus]. We discuss the implications of these and other results to development of Verbenone Plus as a semiochemical-based tool for management of D. brevicomis and D. ponderosae infestations. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; McKelvey, Stephen R.; Dabney, Christopher P.] US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Funct & Hlth Program, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Huber, Dezene P. W.] Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Funct & Hlth Program, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 FU USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative; Contech Enterprises Inc.; Synergy Semiochemicals Corp.; Pacific Southwest Research Station; University of Northern British Columbia FX We thank R. Borys, C. Hayes, and S. Hamud (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service) and S. Munson (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service) for technical assistance. We thank J. Borden (Contech Enterprises Inc.), J. Hayes (Pacific Southwest Research Station), M. Haverty (formerly Pacific Southwest Research Station), D. Miller (Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service), S. Munson, and D. Wakarchuk (Synergy Semiochemicals Corp.) for helpful insights. A special thanks to C. Hayes (Pacific Southwest Research Station) for his critique, which greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by a USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative grant (#7) to C.J.F., D.P. W.H., B.T. Sullivan (Southern Research Station) and S.L. Smith (Forest Health Protection), a U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to C.J.F., in-kind contributions from Contech Enterprises Inc. and Synergy Semiochemicals Corp., the Pacific Southwest Research Station, and The University of Northern British Columbia. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1603/EC11121 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600020 PM 22420267 ER PT J AU Van Tol, RWHM Bruck, DJ Griepink, FC De Kogel, WJ AF Van Tol, Robert W. H. M. Bruck, Denny J. Griepink, Frans C. De Kogel, Willem Jan TI Field Attraction of the Vine Weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus to Kairomones SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Otiorhynchus; weevil; kairomone; plant odor; strawberry ID OLFACTORY ANTENNAL RESPONSES; PLANT VOLATILES; HOST PLANTS; FRUIT-FLY; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; STRAWBERRY; OVIPOSITION; PHEROMONE; VARIETIES AB Root weevils in the genus Otiorhynchus are cited as one of the most important pests in the major nursery and small fruit production areas throughout the United States, western Canada, and northern Europe. A major problem in combating weevil attack is monitoring and timing of control measures. Because of the night-activity of the adult weevils growers do not observe the emerging weevils in a timely manner and oviposition often starts before effective control measures are taken. Several vine weevil electroantennogram-active plant volatiles were identified from a preferred host plant, Euonymus fortunei. Main compounds evoking antennal responses on the weevils' antennae were (Z)-2-pentenol, (E)-2-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenol, methyl benzoate, linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, methyl eugenol, and (E, E)-alpha-farnesene. Several of these compounds were tested alone and in mixtures on attractiveness for the vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) in field-grown strawberry in Oregon. O. sulcatus were attracted to (Z)-2-pentenol (approximate to 3x more than control) and a 1:1 ratio mixture of (Z)-2-pentenol and methyl eugenol (4.5x more than control). This is the first report of field-active attractants for O. sulcatus which holds promise for the development of new monitoring strategies for growers in the near future. C1 [Bruck, Denny J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Van Tol, Robert W. H. M.; Griepink, Frans C.; De Kogel, Willem Jan] Wageningen UR, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM denny.bruck@ars.usda.gov FU Northwest Nursery Crop Research Center (NNCRC); Dutch Ministry of Agriculture (BO); Plant Research International (KB) FX We are grateful for the technical and field support by Bevely Thomas, Lacey Schultz, Kelly Donahue, and Amanda Lake (USDA-ARS), Leo Poleij, Henk Swarts, and Olga Smit-Bakker (Plant Research International) as well as the statistical support by Jac Thissen (Plant Research International-Biometris). This research was funded by the Northwest Nursery Crop Research Center (NNCRC), the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture (BO part of national research program LNV), and Plant Research International (KB program 2008-2010). NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1603/EC11248 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600022 PM 22420269 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, VY AF Yokoyama, Victoria Y. TI Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in California: Longevity, Oviposition, and Development in Canning Olives in the Laboratory and Greenhouse SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera oleae; reproductive biology; adult survival; temperature; humidity ID BACTROCERA-OLEAE GMELIN; HEAT-STRESS; POPULATIONS; PEST; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; TRYONI; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURES; HYMENOPTERA AB The biology of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), was studied in the laboratory, greenhouse, and in canning olives, Olea europaea L., in relation to California regional climates. Adults survived in laboratory tests at constant temperatures and relative humidities of 5 degrees C and 83%; 15 degrees C and 59%; 25 degrees C and 30%; and 35 degrees C and 29% for 15, 6, 3, and 2 d without provisions of food and water and for 37, 63, 25, and 4 d with provisions, respectively. In a divided greenhouse, adults survived for 8-11 d in the warm side (36 degrees C and 31% RH daytime); and in the cool side (26 degrees C and 63% RH daytime) 10 d without provisions and 203 d with provisions. A significantly greater number of adults survived in the cool side than the warm side, and with provisions than without. First and last eggs were oviposited in olive fruit when females were 6 and 90 d old, respectively. The highest number of eggs was 55 per day in 10 olive fruit oviposited by 10 28 d-old females, with maximum egg production by 13-37 d-old females. A significantly greater number of ovipositional sites occurred in all sizes of immature green fruit when exposed to adults in cages for 5 d than 2 d. Adults emerged from fruit with a height of >= 1.0 cm or a volume of >= 0.2 cm(3). More than seven adults per 15 fruit emerged from field infested fruit with a height of 1.1 cm and volume of 0.1 cm(3). Larval length was significantly different among the first, second, and third instars and ranged from 0.7 to 1.6, 2.4-4.3, and 4.8-5.6 mm at 14 degrees C; 0.8-1.1, 1.9-2.9, and 3.9-4.4 mm at 21 degrees C, and 0.7-1.3, 2.4-2.9, and 4.4-4.8 mm at 26 degrees C, respectively. Survival of pupae to the adult stage was significantly lower at 26 degrees C than 14 degrees C or 21 degrees C. The period of adult emergence began at 38, 14, and 11 d over a period of 8, 5, and 1 d at 14, 21, and 26 degrees C, respectively. Findings were related to the occurrence and control of California olive fruit fly infestations. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM vyokoyama@fresno.ars.usda.gov FU California Olive Committee, Fresno, CA FX The author is grateful to Gina T. Miller for help in conducting the research and reviewing the manuscript, and to Gail E. Sergent for assistance with experiments. This research was funded in part by the California Olive Committee, Fresno, CA. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1603/EC11255 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600024 PM 22420271 ER PT J AU Mercader, RJ Siegert, NW McCullough, DG AF Mercader, R. J. Siegert, N. W. McCullough, D. G. TI Estimating the Influence of Population Density and Dispersal Behavior on the Ability to Detect and Monitor Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Populations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; invasive species; detection; delimitation; surveillance ID EMERALD ASH BORER; OUTLIER SITES; FOREST PESTS; GYPSY-MOTH; ATTRACTION; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; SPREAD; TREES; TRAP AB Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a phloemfeeding pest of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees native to Asia, was first discovered in North America in 2002. Since then, A. planipennis has been found in 15 states and two Canadian provinces and has killed tens of millions of ash trees. Understanding the probability of detecting and accurately delineating low density populations of A. planipennis is a key component of effective management strategies. Here we approach this issue by 1) quantifying the efficiency of sampling nongirdled ash trees to detect new infestations of A. planipennis under varying population densities and 2) evaluating the likelihood of accurately determining the localized spread of discrete A. planipennis infestations. To estimate the probability a sampled tree would be detected as infested across a gradient of A. planipennis densities, we used A. planipennis larval density estimates collected during intensive surveys conducted in three recently infested sites with known origins. Results indicated the probability of detecting low density populations by sampling nongirdled trees was very low, even when detection tools were assumed to have three-fold higher detection probabilities than nongirdled trees. Using these results and an A. planipennis spread model, we explored the expected accuracy with which the spatial extent of an A. planipennis population could be determined. Model simulations indicated a poor ability to delineate the extent of the distribution of localized A. planipennis populations, particularly when a small proportion of the population was assumed to have a higher propensity for dispersal. C1 [Mercader, R. J.] Washburn Univ, Dept Biol, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. [Siegert, N. W.] USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Forest Hlth Protect, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McCullough, D. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, D. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mercader, RJ (reprint author), Washburn Univ, Dept Biol, 1700 SW Coll Ave, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. EM rodrigo.mercader@washburn.edu RI Mercader, Rodrigo/L-6550-2015 OI Mercader, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4904-2805 FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection FX We thank the crew of the Forest Entomology Lab at Michigan State University, and personnel of the Michigan Department of Agriculture, USDA APHIS PPQ, USDA Forest Service, MI Department of Natural Resources and Ohio State University Extension for their help with data collection at the three sites. Funding for this project was provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 37 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 272 EP 281 DI 10.1603/EC11172 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600033 PM 22420280 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Phillips, TW Aikins, MJ Hasan, MM Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, Christos G. Phillips, Thomas W. Aikins, M. Jamie Hasan, M. Mahbub Throne, James E. TI Effectiveness of Sulfuryl Fluoride for Control of Different Life Stages of Stored-Product Psocids (Psocoptera) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfuryl fluoride; fumigation; Psocoptera; Liposcelis; Lepinotus ID LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA; POPULATION-GROWTH; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; PHOSPHINE; ENTOMOPHILA; FUMIGATIONS; TOXICITY; EFFICACY; WHEAT; EGGS AB With the phase-out and impending ban of methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride is among the most promising alternative fumigant insecticides for control of stored-product insect pests. It has been evaluated for control of several stored-product insect pests, but there are few data available on its efficacy for control of stored-product psocids (Psocoptera). We evaluated sulfuryl fluoride for control of different life stages of the psocids Liposcelis paeta Pearman, L. entomophila (Enderlein), L. bostrychophila Badonnel, L. decolor Pearman, and Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Trogiidae) in 48-hr trials at 27.5 degrees C. Adults and nymphs were susceptible to sulfuryl fluoride. Complete (100%) adult and nymphal mortality was recorded at concentrations between 4 and 8 g/m(3), except for L. decolor for which all adults were only killed at 24 g/m(3). Eggs were tolerant to sulfuryl fluoride. Complete egg mortality was achieved at 24 and 72 g/m(3) for L. reticulatus and L. decolor, respectively. Survival of L. paeta eggs was recorded even after exposure to 96 g/m(3). Given that the highest United States label concentration for sulfuryl fluoride for a 48-h exposure interval is 31.25 g/m(3), our study indicates that high doses and/or longer exposures are needed for complete mortality of eggs of L. decolor and L. paeta. Moreover, the present work suggests that there is considerable variation in efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride for control of different psocid species. C1 [Athanassiou, Christos G.; Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Phillips, Thomas W.; Aikins, M. Jamie; Hasan, M. Mahbub] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hasan, M. Mahbub] Rajshahi Univ, Dept Zool, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Dev, Lab Entomol & Agr Zool, Phytokou Str, N Ionia 38446, Magnesia, Greece. EM athanassiou@agr.uth.gr FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA [2005-03824] FX We thank Ann Redmon and Ngunza Kisangani for technical assistance, and Dow AgroSciences for the sulfuryl fluoride sample. We also thank George Opit for his comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Partial funding for this work came from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and from a grant from the USDA program titled "Risk Avoidance and Mitigation" under agreement no. 2005-03824. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1603/EC11209 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895OT UT WOS:000300506600034 PM 22420281 ER PT J AU Statham, MJ Sacks, BN Aubry, KB Perrine, JD Wisely, SM AF Statham, Mark J. Sacks, Benjamin N. Aubry, Keith B. Perrine, John D. Wisely, Samantha M. TI The origin of recently established red fox populations in the United States: translocations or natural range expansions? SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE fur farm; mitochondrial DNA; museum samples; phylogeography; red fox; translocation; Vulpes vulpes ID VULPES-VULPES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; ARCTIC FOXES; HYBRIDIZATION; CALIFORNIA; HISTORY; L. AB Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are native to boreal and western montane portions of North America but their origins are unknown in many lowland areas of the United States. Red foxes were historically absent from much of the East Coast at the time of European settlement and did not become common until the mid-1800s. Some early naturalists described an apparent southward expansion of native foxes that coincided with anthropogenic habitat changes in the region. Alternatively, red foxes introduced from Europe during Colonial times may have become established in the east and subsequently expanded their range westward. The red fox also was absent historically from most lowland areas of the western United States. Extant populations of red foxes in those areas are considered to have arisen from intentional introductions from the east (and by extension are putatively European), escapes or releases from fur farms, or range expansions by native populations. To test these hypotheses we compared mitochondrial DNA sequences (cytochrome b and D-loop) from 110 individuals from 6 recently established populations to 327 native (primarily historical) individuals from Eurasia, Alaska, Canada, the northeastern United States, and montane areas in the western contiguous United States, and to 38 individuals from fur farms. We found no Eurasian haplotypes in North America, but found native haplotypes in recently established populations in the southeastern United States and in parts of the western United States. Red foxes from the southeastern United States were closely related to native populations in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, suggesting that they originated from natural range expansions, not from translocation of European lineages, as was widely believed prior to this study. Similarly, recently established populations in the Great Basin and in western Oregon originated primarily from native populations in western montane regions, but also contained a few nonnative North American haplotypes. In contrast, populations in western Washington and southern California contained nonnative, highly admixed stock that clearly resulted from intracontinental translocations. Several common haplotypes in these populations originated in regions where fur-farm stocks originated. Although European red foxes translocated to the eastern United States during Colonial times may have contributed genetically to extant populations in that region, our findings suggest that most of the matrilineal ancestry of eastern red foxes originated in North America. C1 [Statham, Mark J.; Wisely, Samantha M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Statham, Mark J.; Sacks, Benjamin N.] Univ Calif Davis, Canid Divers & Conservat Lab, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Aubry, Keith B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Perrine, John D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Conservat Genet & Mol Ecol Lab, Wildlife Ecol & Conservat & Ordway Swisher Biol S, 110 Newitzs Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wisely@ufl.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Kansas State University Ecological Genomics Institute; Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of California, Davis FX We thank the following curators and collection managers at the institutions that allowed us to sample museum material: R. Fisher and S. Peurach (National Museum of Natural History), C. Conroy and E. Lacey (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology), B. Coblentz and D. Markle (Oregon State University Fisheries and Wildlife Mammal Collection), P. Unitt (San Diego Natural History Museum), G. Shugart (Slater Museum of Natural History), J. Bradley (University of Washington Burke Museum), J. Dines and I. Horovitz (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County), and T. Schweitzer (Fort Roosevelt Vertebrate Collection). We also thank L. Dalen (University of Stockholm), D. Vage (Norwegian University of Life Sciences), A. Shaad (Wolf Park, Indiana), C. Blacketer (Wildcat Creek Wildlife Center, Indiana), J. Becker (Tippecanoe Animal Hospital, Lafayette, Indiana), J. Eger (Royal Ontario Museum), M. Burrell and B. Smith (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services Oregon), N. Belfiore, R. Stoeberl, M. Bodenchuk, M. Collinge, M. Jensen, R. Beach, and D. Kemner for providing tissue and DNA samples. We thank K. Noren and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Partial funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, the Kansas State University Ecological Genomics Institute, and the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of California, Davis. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 60 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-033.1 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 896VE UT WOS:000300598700005 ER PT J AU Krasnoff, SB Englich, U Miller, PG Shuler, ML Glahn, RP Donzelli, BGG Gibson, DM AF Krasnoff, Stuart B. Englich, Ulrich Miller, Paula G. Shuler, Michael L. Glahn, Raymond P. Donzelli, Bruno G. G. Gibson, Donna M. TI Metacridamides A and B, Macrocycles from Conidia of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium acridum SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION DATA; ANISOPLIAE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Metarhizium acridum, an entomopathogenic fungus, has been commercialized and used successfully for biocontrol of grasshopper pests in Africa and Australia. Its conidia produce two novel 17-membered macrocycles, metacridamides A (1) and B (2), which consist of a Phe unit condensed with a nonaketide. Planar structures were elucidated by a combination of mass spectrometric and NMR techniques. Following hydrolysis of 1, chiral amino acid analysis assigned the L-configuration to the Phe unit. A crystal structure established the absolute configuration of the eight remaining stereogenic centers in 1. Metacridamide A (1) showed cytotoxicity to three cancer lines with IC50's of 6.2, 11.0, and 10.8 mu M against Caco-2 (epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and HepG2/C3A (hepatoma) cell lines, respectively. In addition, metacridamide B (2) had an IC50 of 18.2 mu M against HepG2/C3A, although it was inactive at 100 mu M against Caco-2 and MCF-7. Neither analogue showed antimicrobial, phytotoxic, or insecticidal activity. C1 [Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Glahn, Raymond P.; Gibson, Donna M.] ARS, USDA, Biol IPM Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Englich, Ulrich] Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miller, Paula G.; Shuler, Michael L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Donzelli, Bruno G. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Krasnoff, SB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol IPM Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM stuart.krasnoff@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0225180]; National Institutes of Health [RR-01646] FX We gratefully acknowledge R. Vaughan and Mary Bodis (USDA-ARS), J.Y. Maeng, J. Zuk (Cornell), and I. Keresztes (Cornell Chemistry and Biology) for technical assistance and I. Molnar (University of Arizona) for helpful discussion. The L. Harrington and B. Lazzaro laboratories (Cornell Entomology) kindly provided insects for bioassays. X-ray diffraction data were collected at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under award DMR-0225180, using the MacCHESS facility, supported by award RR-01646 from the National Institutes of Health. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 75 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1021/np2007044 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 896WG UT WOS:000300601500010 PM 22292922 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Mennella, JA Hughes, SO Liu, Y Mendoza, PM Patrick, H AF Fisher, Jennifer O. Mennella, Julie A. Hughes, Sheryl O. Liu, Yan Mendoza, Patricia M. Patrick, Heather TI Offering "Dip" Promotes Intake of a Moderately-Liked Raw Vegetable among Preschoolers with Genetic Sensitivity to Bitterness SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS FOOD PREFERENCES; SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY; HUMAN INFANTS; TASTE; FRUIT; CONSUMPTION; ACCEPTANCE; FLAVOR; NEOPHOBIA; EXPOSURE AB Background Evidence-based strategies for promoting vegetable consumption among children are limited. Objective To determine the effects of providing a palatable "dip" along with repeated exposure to a raw vegetable on preschoolers' liking and intake. Participants One hundred fifty-two predominately Hispanic preschool-aged children studied in Head Start classrooms in 2008. Design A between-subjects, quasiexperimental design was used. A moderately-liked raw vegetable (broccoli) was offered twice weekly at afternoon snacks for 7 weeks. Classrooms were randomized to receive broccoli in one of four conditions differing in the provision of dip. Bitter taste sensitivity was assessed using 6-n-propylthiouracil. Intervention Broccoli was provided in four conditions: with regular salad dressing as a dip, with a light (reduced energy/fat) version of the dressing as a dip, mixed with the regular dressing as a sauce, or plain (without dressing). Main outcome measures Mean broccoli intake during 7 weeks of exposure and broccoli liking following exposure. Statistical analyses Descriptive statistics were generated. Multilevel models for repeated measures tested effects of condition and bitter sensitivity on mean broccoli intake during exposure and on pre- and post-exposure liking while adjusting for classroom effects and potential covariates. Results The majority of Hispanic preschoolers (70%) showed sensitivity to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil. Children's broccoli liking increased following exposure but did not vary by dip condition or bitter sensitivity. Bitter-sensitive children, however, ate 80% more broccoli with dressing than when served plain (P<0.001); effects did vary based on whether regular or light dressing was provided as a dip or sauce. Dip did not promote broccoli intake among bitter-insensitive children. Conclusions Providing dip regular, light, or as a sauce increased raw broccoli intake among bitter-sensitive Hispanic preschoolers. Findings suggest that offering low-fat dips can promote vegetable intake among some children who are sensitive to bitter tastes. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:235-245. C1 [Fisher, Jennifer O.] Temple Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Fisher, Jennifer O.; Hughes, Sheryl O.; Mendoza, Patricia M.] ARS, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Mendoza, Patricia M.] Univ Texas Med Sch, Weatherhead PET Imaging Ctr Preventing & Reversin, Houston, TX USA. [Patrick, Heather] NCI, Hlth Behav Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Patrick, Heather] Univ Rochester, Dept Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Patrick, Heather] Univ Rochester, Dept Clin & Social Psychol, Rochester, NY USA. RP Fisher, JO (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, 3323 N Broad St,Suite 175, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM jofisher@temple.edu OI Mennella, Julie/0000-0002-8855-0204 FU Clorox Company FX This work was funded by an investigator-initiated grant to J.O.F. from the Clorox Company, which owns the Hidden Valley, The Original Ranch brand of dressing used in this research. The authors attest to having full scholarly authority over this work and responsibility for the research design and methods, the integrity of the data, the analyses, and the interpretation of the findings. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 112 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.032 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 897MV UT WOS:000300655700005 PM 22741167 ER PT J AU Drolet, BS Weingartl, HM Jiang, JY Neufeld, J Marszal, P Lindsay, R Miller, MM Czub, M Wilson, WC AF Drolet, Barbara S. Weingartl, Hana M. Jiang, Jieyuan Neufeld, James Marszal, Peter Lindsay, Robbin Miller, Myrna M. Czub, Markus Wilson, William C. TI Development and evaluation of one-step rRT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods for detection of Rift Valley fever virus in biosafety level 2 diagnostic laboratories SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; Real-time RT-PCR; Immunohistochemistry; Bovine; Ovine ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; NORTH-AMERICAN MOSQUITOS; RAPID DETECTION; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IGG-SANDWICH; RT-PCR; SHEEP; ANTIBODY AB Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic insect transmitted virus endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Infection causes abortions and high mortality in newborn ruminants. The overall human infection rate is <1%; however, fatality rates in those with severe clinical disease have been reported as high as 29%. The potential of RVFV as a bioterrorism agent and/or being accidentally introduced into North America is widely recognized. Currently, regional veterinary biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) diagnostic laboratories lack safe, modern, validated diagnostic tests to detect RVFV. An existing one-step real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay was modified for quick virus inactivation for use in BSL-2 laboratories, evaluated on serum and tissue samples from experimentally infected lambs and calves, and compared to virus isolation. Viremia was detected in all inoculated sheep with titers reaching 10(6.5) plaque forming units/ml, or up to 1010 viral RNA copies/ml. Viremia in calves was lower and not detected in all inoculated animals; however, all animals became transiently febrile and were infected as determined by rRT-PCR of tissues. Virus was isolated from rRT-PCR-positive liver and/or spleen in 33% of lamb and 41% of calf samples between 2 and 7 days post inoculation. For RVFV antigen detection, reagents are typically produced at BSL-3Ag or BSL-4 conditions and require inactivation and safety testing for use outside of containment. In this study, antiserum against recombinant RVFV-nucleocapsid (N) was produced to develop an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay which was subsequently evaluated on formalin fixed lamb and calf tissues at BSL-2 laboratory conditions. Antigen was detected by IHC in 79% of rRT-PCR-positive sheep and 70% of rRT-PCR-positive calf tissues tested. Once validated and approved by national regulatory agencies, these assays can be safely produced and distributed to regional diagnostic laboratories, providing capacity for early detection of RVFV in suspected ruminant samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weingartl, Hana M.; Neufeld, James; Marszal, Peter] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, NCFAD, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. [Drolet, Barbara S.; Wilson, William C.] ARS, USDA, ABADRU, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Weingartl, Hana M.; Jiang, Jieyuan] Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Lindsay, Robbin] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Miller, Myrna M.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Czub, Markus] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Weingartl, HM (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, NCFAD, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. EM barbara.drolet@ars.usda.gov; hana.weingartl@inspection.gc.ca; jieyuan.jiang@inspection.gc.ca; james.neufeld@inspection.gc.ca; peter.marszal@inspection.gc.ca; robbin.lindsay@phac-aspc.gc.ca; millermm@uwyo.edu; m.czub@ucalgary.ca; william.wilson@ars.usda.gov FU CRTI [RD-06-0138]; CFIA; USDA; ARS CRIS [5430-32000-001-00D]; Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-07-X-00982] FX The authors thank many NCFAD (CFIA) and NML (PHAC) animal care staff for their support during the animal inoculations studies. The project was funded in part by a CRTI project RD-06-0138, by CFIA, USDA, ARS CRIS project 5430-32000-001-00D and a Department of Homeland Security Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-07-X-00982. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CFIA or the USDA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 2012 VL 179 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.11.025 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 895ZX UT WOS:000300536300013 PM 22172972 ER PT J AU Al Rwahnih, M Osman, F Sudarshana, M Uyemoto, J Minafra, A Saldarelli, P Martelli, G Rowhani, A AF Al Rwahnih, Maher Osman, Fatima Sudarshana, Mysore Uyemoto, Jerry Minafra, Angelantonio Saldarelli, Pasquale Martelli, Giovanni Rowhani, Adib TI Detection of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 using real time qRT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Grapevine virus; Closteroviruses; Detection ID GRAPEVINE-LEAFROLL-ASSOCIATED-VIRUS-7; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; PLANTS AB Nine isolates of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 (GLRaV-7) from diverse geographical regions were sequenced to design more sensitive molecular diagnostic tools. The coat protein (CP) and heat shock protein 70 homologue (HSP70h) genes of these nine isolates were sequenced. Sequences were then used to design more sensitive molecular diagnostic tools. Sequence identity among these isolates ranged between 90 to 100% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. One RT-PCR and two qRT-PCR assays were used to survey 86 different grapevines from the University of California, Davis Grapevine Virus Collection, the Foundation Plant Services collection and the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA with primers designed in conserved regions of the CP and HSP70h genes. Results revealed that qRT-PCR assays designed in the H5P70h gene was more sensitive (29.07% positives) than that designed in the CP gene (22.09% positives) and both qRT-PCR assays proved to be more sensitive than RT-PCR. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Al Rwahnih, Maher; Osman, Fatima; Rowhani, Adib] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sudarshana, Mysore; Uyemoto, Jerry] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Minafra, Angelantonio; Saldarelli, Pasquale; Martelli, Giovanni] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Protez Piante & Microbiol Applicada, I-70121 Bari, Italy. RP Rowhani, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akrowhani@ucdavis.edu OI Saldarelli, Pasquale/0000-0002-8633-7813 FU CDFA Fruit Tree, Nut Tree and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the CDFA Fruit Tree, Nut Tree and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board. The authors thank Dr. S. Daubert for editorial comments and F. Cordero and Y. Guo for technical assistance and Dr. Emir Hodzic from the real-time PCR Research & Diagnostic Core Facility, UCD for the helpful suggestions in qPCR calculations. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 2012 VL 179 IS 2 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.11.026 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 895ZX UT WOS:000300536300014 PM 22172968 ER PT J AU Kalupahana, NS Moustaid-Moussa, N Claycombe, KJ AF Kalupahana, Nishan S. Moustaid-Moussa, Naima Claycombe, Kate J. TI Immunity as a link between obesity and insulin resistance SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Obesity; Insulin resistance; Adipose tissue inflammation; Type-2 diabetes ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE INFLAMMATION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; NF-KAPPA-B; T-CELLS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; MACROPHAGE ACCUMULATION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOCYTE SIZE AB Obesity is a major public health problem in the United States and worldwide. Further, obesity is causally linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes (T2D). A chronic low-grade inflammation occurring in adipose tissue is at least in part responsible for the obesity-induced insulin resistance. This adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by changes in immune cell populations giving rise to altered adipo/cytokine profiles, which in turn induces skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin resistance. Detailed molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammation and the implications of these findings on therapeutic strategies are discussed in this review. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Claycombe, Kate J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Kalupahana, Nishan S.; Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] Univ Tennessee, Obes Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kalupahana, Nishan S.] Univ Peradeniya, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. [Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] Univ Tennessee, UT Extens Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Claycombe, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM kate.claycombe@ars.usda.gov NR 91 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 SI SI BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.011 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 896CJ UT WOS:000300542700004 PM 22040698 ER PT J AU Molano, A Meydani, SN AF Molano, Alberto Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Vitamin E, signalosomes and gene expression in T cells SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Vitamin E; CD4+T cells; Aging; Signalosomes; Gene expression ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; LIPID RAFTS; TYROSINE KINASE; OLD MICE; IL-2 PRODUCTION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB CD4+T cells from aged humans or mice show significant reductions in IL-2 production upon activation. The resulting decreased proliferation is linked to higher risks of infection in the elderly. Several lines of evidence indicate that intrinsic defects preferentially affecting the naive subset of CD4+T cells contribute to this reduced IL-2 production. Comparison of the biochemical pathways that transduce activation signals from the T cell receptor to the IL-2 promoter in young and old CD4+T cells has demonstrated age-relate iimpairments at initial molecular events, in particular the phosphorylation of kinase:; and adapter proteins involved in the formation of signalosomes - complex multiprotein assemblies that provide the framework for effective signal transduction. Confocal microscopy has demonstrated a series of age-related impairments in effective immune synapse formation. Vitamin E can reverse many of these CD4+T cell age-associated defects, including reduced levels of phosphorylation of critical signaling/adapter proteins as well as defective immune synapse formation. Vitamin E also enhances IL-2 production, expression of several cell cycle control proteins, and proliferation. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this effect are not understood, it is possible that this antioxidant lipophilic vitamin can prevent the propagation of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in the cell membrane, influence the biochemical characteristics of specific lipid bilayer microdomains involved in signal transduction, modulate the activity of kinases/phosphatases, or interact with h intracellular receptors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Molano, Alberto; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alberto.molano_acevedo@tufts.edu; simin.meydani@tufts.edu NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 SI SI BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.mam.2011.11.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 896CJ UT WOS:000300542700007 PM 22138304 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Wang, JP Pae, M Meydani, SN AF Wu, Dayong Wang, Junpeng Pae, Munkyong Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Green tea EGCG, T cells, and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE T cells; Autoimmunity; Multiple sclerosis; Rheumatoid arthritis; Green tea; EGCG ID EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NF-KAPPA-B; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TGF-BETA AB One of the proposed health benefits of consuming green tea is its protective effect on autoimmune diseases. Research on the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has made significant progression in the past few years and several key concepts have been revised. T cells, particularly CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells, play a key role in mediating many aspects of autoimmune diseases. Upon antigenic stimulation, naive CD4(+) T cells proliferate and differentiate into different effector subsets. Th1 and Th17 cells are the pro-inflammatory subsets of Th cells responsible for inducing autoimmunity whereas regulatory T cells (Treg) have an antagonistic effect. Green tea and its active ingredient, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have been shown to improve symptoms and reduce the pathology in some animal models of autoimmune diseases. Whether or not EGCG's effect is mediated through its impact on Th17 and Treg development has not been studied. We conducted a series of studies to investigate EGCG's effect on CD4(+) T cell proliferation and differentiation as well as its impact on the development of autoimmune disease. We first observed that EGCG inhibited CD4(+) T cell expansion in response to either polyclonal or antigen specific stimulation. We then determined how EGCG affects naive CD4(+) T cell differentiation and found that it impeded Th1 and Th17 differentiation and prevented IL-6-induced inhibition on Treg development. We further demonstrated that EGCG inhibited Th1 and Th17 differentiation by downregulating their corresponding transcription factors (STAT1 and T-bet for Th1, and STAT3 and ROR gamma t for Th17). These effects provide further explanation for previous findings that administration of EGCG by gavage to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, an animal model for human multiple sclerosis (MS), reduced the clinical symptoms, brain pathology, and proliferation and TNF-alpha production of encephalitogenic T cells. Upon further investigating the working mechanisms for EGCG's protective effect in the EAE model, we showed that dietary EGCG dose-dependently attenuated the disease's severity. This protective effect of EGCG is associated with the suppressed proliferation of autoreactive T cells, reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased Th1 and Th17, and increased Treg populations in lymphoid tissues and central nervous system. EGCG-induced shifts in CD4(+) T cell subsets in EAE mice are accompanied by the corresponding changes in their regulator molecules. Recent studies have also highlighted the critical role of Th17/Treg balance in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). EGCG has been shown to be anti-inflammatory and protective in several studies using animal models of inflammatory arthritis, but research, at the best, only to start looking into the mechanisms with a focus on T cells. Overall, future research should fully incorporate the current progress in autoimmunity into the study design to expand the power of evaluating EGCG's efficacy in treating autoimmune diseases. Data from human studies are essentially absent and thus are urgently needed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Dayong; Wang, Junpeng; Pae, Munkyong; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Dept Pathol, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu RI Komsa, Ildiko/G-7751-2011; Pae, Munkyong/B-4831-2012 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65200-20360]; USDA, Agriculture Research service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant 2010-65200-20360 (to D.W.) and USDA, Agriculture Research service contract #58-1950-7-707 (to S.N.M.). NR 114 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 SI SI BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.001 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 896CJ UT WOS:000300542700012 PM 22020144 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Shelton, TG AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Shelton, Thomas G. TI Evidence of cue synergism in termite corpse response behavior SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Chemical ecology; Burial; Defense; Necromone; Necrophoresis ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS ISOPTERA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; FORAGING ARENAS; RHINOTERMITIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; VIRULENCE AB Subterranean termites of the genus Reticulitermes are known to build walls and tubes and move considerable amounts of soil into wood but the causes of this behavior remain largely unexplored. In laboratory assays, we tested the hypothesis that Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) would carry more sand into wooden blocks containing corpses compared to corpse-free controls. We further predicted that the corpses of predatory ants would elicit a stronger response than those of a benign beetle species or nestmates. As hypothesized, significantly more sand was carried into blocks containing corpses and this material was typically used to build partitions separating the dead from the rest of the colony. Contrary to expectations, however, this behavior did not vary among corpse types. We then tested the hypothesis that oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid released during arthropod decay and used by ants and other arthropod taxa in corpse recognition, would induce a similar building response in R. virginicus. To additionally determine the role of foreign objects in giving rise to this behavior, the experiment was carried out with and without imitation corpses (i.e., small glass beads). As predicted, oleic acid induced building (a tenfold increase) but only when applied to beads, suggesting strong synergism between tactile and chemical cues. Oleic acid also significantly reduced the amount of wood consumed by R. virginicus and may possess useful repellent properties. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Shelton, Thomas G.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM mulyshen@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s00114-011-0871-3 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 897UB UT WOS:000300682000001 PM 22167071 ER PT J AU Salomon, M Malka, O Vander Meer, RK Hefetz, A AF Salomon, Mor Malka, Osnat Vander Meer, Robert K. Hefetz, Abraham TI The role of tyramine and octopamine in the regulation of reproduction in queenless worker honeybees SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Reproductive division of labor; Biogenic amines; Honeybees; Workers; Pheromones; Dominance ID APIS-MELLIFERA-CAPENSIS; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BIOGENIC-AMINES; BEE COLONIES; GLAND PHEROMONE; BRAIN DOPAMINE; NEUROMODULATOR; HYMENOPTERA; MODULATION AB In honeybees, workers under queenless condition compete for reproduction and establish reproductive dominance hierarchy. Ovary activation is generally accompanied by the expression of queen-like pheromones. Biogenic amines (BAs), in particular dopamine, are believed to be involved in this process by regulating ovarian development. However, the role of BAs in establishing reproductive dominance or their effect on queen-like pheromone production was not investigated. Here, we explored the effect of octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) oral treatments on the propensity of treated bees to become reproductively dominant and produce queen-like pheromones in Dufour's and mandibular glands. One bee in a pair was treated with either OA or TA while the other was fed sugar solution. TA was found to enhance ovary development and the production of esters in the Dufour's gland and 9HDA (queen component) in the mandibular glands, thus facilitating worker reproductive dominance. OA, on the other hand, did not enhance ovarian development or ester production, but increased the production of 10HDA (worker major component) in the mandibular glands of their sugar-paired mates. OA is known to induce foraging behavior by workers, while increased production of 10HDA characterizes nursing workers. Therefore, we suggest that TA induces reproductive division of labor, while OA treatment results in caste differentiation of workers to foragers and nurses. C1 [Salomon, Mor; Malka, Osnat; Hefetz, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Vander Meer, Robert K.] ARS, Med & Vet Entomol Res Lab, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Salomon, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm, Dept Entomol, POB 12, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM mor.salomon@mail.huji.ac.il RI Hefetz, Abraham/I-3853-2015 FU United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) [2007233]; Council of Higher Education in Israel (Vatat) FX We thank Tovit Simon for her technical assistance, and Yossi Kamer from the Tzrifin Apiary for assistance in establishing the experimental hives. This research was supported by grant no. 2007233 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and post-doc fellowship from the Council of Higher Education in Israel (Vatat) to MS. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD FEB PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s00114-011-0877-x PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 897UB UT WOS:000300682000005 PM 22205342 ER PT J AU Fioretto, JR Campos, FJ Ronchi, CF Ferreira, ALA Kurokawa, CS Carpi, MF Moraes, MA Bonatto, RC Defaveri, J Yeum, KJ AF Fioretto, Jose R. Campos, Fabio J. Ronchi, Carlos F. Ferreira, Ana L. A. Kurokawa, Cilmery S. Carpi, Mario F. Moraes, Marcos A. Bonatto, Rossano C. Defaveri, Julio Yeum, Kyung-Jin TI Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Oxidative Stress and Histopathological and Inflammatory Lung Injury in a Saline-Lavaged Rabbit Model of Acute Lung Injury SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE ARDS; mechanical ventilation; oxidative injury; acute lung injury; rabbits; inhaled nitric oxide ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; STRATEGIES; BIOMARKERS; PROTEINS; CHILDREN; THERAPY; FAILURE; INFANTS AB BACKGROUND: Conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) is fundamental in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treatment. Inhaled nitric oxide (INO), an adjunctive therapy, has been used with ventilation in an attempt to improve oxygenation and reduce lung injury. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the early effects of low INO dose on oxygenation, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and histopathological lung injury in a rabbit model of acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: This was a prospective, controlled, in vivo animal laboratory study. Forty rabbits were instrumented and ventilated at F-IO2 1.0. ALI was induced by tracheal infusion of warm saline (30 mL/kg, 38 degrees C) and lung oxidative stress was assessed by total antioxidant performance (TAP) assay. Animals were assigned to groups: control group (no. = 10, low tidal volume [V-T] = 6 mL/kg, PEEP = 5 cm 1120), ALI without INO (no-INO group, no. = 10, low V-T = 6 mL/kg, PEEP = 10 cm H2O), ALI plus INO (INO group, no. = 10, low V-T = 6 mL/kg, PEEP = 10 cm H2O, INO = 5 ppm). Plateau pressure was limited to 30 cm H2O in all groups. Ten non-instrumented animals (healthy group) were studied for TAP assay. Ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 30 min for 4 hours. RESULTS: After lung injury, the instrumented groups were worse than the control group for P-aO2 (control group 438 +/- 87 mm Hg, no-INO group 80 +/- 13 mm Hg, INO group 81 +/- 24 mm Hg, P < .001). The INO group showed decreased lung inflammation by leukocyte count in lung lavage fluid (no-INO group 4.8 +/- 1.64, control group 0.16 +/- 0.15, INO group 0.96 +/- 0.35 polymorphonuclear cells x 10(6)/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid/lung, P < .001), decreased histopathological injury score (no-INO group 5 [range 1-16], INO group 2 [range 0-5], control group 0 [range 0-3], P < .001), and better lung protection against oxidative injury than the no-INO group (healthy group 68 +/- 8.7, control group 66.4 +/- 6.8, INO group 56.3 +/- 5.1, no-INO group 45.9 +/- 3.4 percent protection/g protein, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: INO attenuates oxidative stress and histopathological and inflammatory lung injury in a saline-lavaged rabbit ALI model. C1 [Fioretto, Jose R.; Ronchi, Carlos F.; Kurokawa, Cilmery S.; Carpi, Mario F.; Moraes, Marcos A.; Bonatto, Rossano C.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Pediat Botucatu, Fac Med Botucatu, BR-18681970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Fioretto, Jose R.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Fac Med Botucatu, BR-18681970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Defaveri, Julio] Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Pathol, Fac Med Botucatu, BR-18681970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Campos, Fabio J.] Marilia Med Sch, Marilia, SP, Brazil. [Ronchi, Carlos F.; Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fioretto, JR (reprint author), Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Pediat Botucatu, Fac Med Botucatu, BR-18681970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM jrf@frnb.unesp.br RI Kurokawa, Cilmery /C-2851-2012 OI Kurokawa, Cilmery /0000-0003-1380-7527 FU Sao Paulo State Research Support Foundation [2007/03173-2] FX This research was partly supported by the Sao Paulo State Research Support Foundation (2007/03173-2). The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESP CARE JI Respir. Care PD FEB PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.4187/respcare.01289 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 895SN UT WOS:000300516700011 PM 21762562 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Yu, B Bai, JH Qian, MJ Shu, Q Su, J Teng, YW AF Zhang, Dong Yu, Bo Bai, Jinhe Qian, Minjie Shu, Qun Su, Jun Teng, Yuanwen TI Effects of high temperatures on UV-B/visible irradiation induced postharvest anthocyanin accumulation in 'Yunhongli No. 1' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pears SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Pyrus pyrifolia; Anthocyanin; Fruit coloration; Gene expression; UV-B/visible irradiation; Temperature ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; APPLE SKIN; RED COLORATION; BIOSYNTHETIC GENES; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; LIGHT QUALITY; GRAPE BERRIES; EXPRESSION AB Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolla Nakai) have seen increased cultivation in China in recent years. prized for their attractive market value and nutritional benefits. However, poor fruit coloration has been a noticeable problem. Postharvest ultraviolet-B (UV-B)/visible irradiation has been used to improve anthocyanin accumulation and thus the coloration of fruit skin in apple and other fruits. In this study, the efficacy of UV-B/visible irradiation was evaluated under high- (27 degrees C) and low-temperature (17 degrees C) conditions using red Chinese sand pear 'Yunhongli No. l' as a model. The results showed that UV-B/visible irradiation was more effective in inducing anthocyanin synthesis in peel tissues and improving fruit coloration at 27 degrees C than at 17 degrees C. PAL activity was markedly higher at 27 degrees C than at 17 degrees C. Expression of PyMYB10 and five anthocyanin structural genes, PpPAL, PpCHI, PpCHS, PpF3H, and PpANS, was also higher in fruit irradiated at 27 degrees C than in fruit irradiated at 17 degrees C. For PpUFGT, transcription reached a maximum at 48 and 240 h after the onset of irratiation at 27 degrees C and 17 degrees C, respectively, but the peak value was lower at 27 degrees C than at 17 degrees C. There was no difference in expression of PpDFR between 17 degrees C and 27 degrees C irradiation temperatures. These results indicated that high temperatures (27 degrees C) enhanced UV-B/visible irradiation induced postharvest anthocyanin accumulation in 'Yunhongli No. l' pears by up-regulating PyMYB10 and anthocyanin structural genes and increasing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. ID (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Dong; Yu, Bo; Qian, Minjie; Teng, Yuanwen] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Hort, Stare Agr Minist, Key Lab Hort Plant Growth Dev & Qual Improvement, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Bai, Jinhe] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Shu, Qun; Su, Jun] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Hort, Kunming 650205, Peoples R China. RP Teng, YW (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Hort, Stare Agr Minist, Key Lab Hort Plant Growth Dev & Qual Improvement, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM ywteng@zju.edu.cn RI Teng, Yuanwen/A-3515-2015 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071780]; earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System [nycytx-29] FX This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31071780) and the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (nycytx-29). NR 48 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 134 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.10.025 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 897MA UT WOS:000300653600009 ER PT J AU Racette, SB Das, SK Bhapkar, M Hadley, EC Roberts, SB Ravussin, E Pieper, C DeLany, JP Kraus, WE Rochon, J Redman, LM AF Racette, Susan B. Das, Sai Krupa Bhapkar, Manjushri Hadley, Evan C. Roberts, Susan B. Ravussin, Eric Pieper, Carl DeLany, James P. Kraus, William E. Rochon, James Redman, Leanne M. CA CALERIE Study Grp TI Approaches for quantifying energy intake and %calorie restriction during calorie restriction interventions in humans: the multicenter CALERIE study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE total energy expenditure; doubly labeled water; body energy stores ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BODY-COMPOSITION; WEIGHT-LOSS; METABOLIC ADAPTATION; DIETARY ADHERENCE; EXPENDITURE; WOMEN; BIOMARKERS; PROTEIN AB Racette SB, Das SK, Bhapkar M, Hadley EC, Roberts SB, Ravussin E, Pieper C, DeLany JP, Kraus WE, Rochon J, Redman LM; The CALERIE Study Group. Approaches for quantifying energy intake and % calorie restriction during calorie restriction interventions in humans: the multicenter CALERIE study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E441-E448, 2012. First published November 29, 2011; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00290.2011.-Calorie restriction (CR) is a component of most weight loss interventions and a potential strategy to slow aging. Accurate determination of energy intake and % CR is critical when interpreting the results of CR interventions; this is most accurately achieved using the doubly labeled water method to quantify total energy expenditure (TEE). However, the costs and analytical requirements of this method preclude its repeated use in many clinical trials. Our aims were to determine 1) the optimal TEE assessment time points for quantifying average energy intake and % CR during long-term CR interventions and 2) the optimal approach for quantifying short-term changes in body energy stores to determine energy intake and % CR during 2-wk DLW periods. Adults randomized to a CR intervention in the multicenter CALERIE study underwent measurements of TEE by doubly labeled water and body composition at baseline and months 1, 3, and 6. Average % CR achieved during the intervention was 24.9 +/- 8.7%, which was computed using an approach that included four TEE assessment time points (i.e., TEEbaseline, months 1, 3, and 6) plus the 6-mo change in body composition. Approaches that included fewer TEE assessments yielded % CR values of 23.4 +/- 9.0 (TEEbaseline, months 3 and 6), 25.0 +/- 8.7 (TEEbaseline, months 1 and 6), and 20.9 +/- 7.1% (TEEbaseline, (month 6)); the latter approach differed significantly from approach 1 (P < 0.001). TEE declined 9.6 +/- 9.9% within 2-4 wk of CR beginning and then stabilized. Regression of daily home weights provided the most reliable estimate of short-term change in energy stores. In summary, optimal quantification of energy intake and % CR during weight loss necessitates a TEE measurement within the first month of CR to capture the rapid reduction in TEE. C1 [Racette, Susan B.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Das, Sai Krupa; Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bhapkar, Manjushri; Rochon, James] Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Hadley, Evan C.] NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ravussin, Eric; DeLany, James P.; Redman, Leanne M.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [DeLany, James P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Pieper, Carl; Kraus, William E.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Racette, SB (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Campus Box 8502,4444 Forest Pk Ave, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM racettes@wustl.edu OI Racette, Susan/0000-0002-6932-1887; Kraus, William E/0000-0003-1930-9684 FU National Institute on Aging [U01-AG-020487, U01-AG-020478, U01-AG-020480, U01-AG-022132]; National Institutes of Health [MO1-RR-00036, P60-DK-020579-30, P30-DK-056341]; Neil Hamilton-Fairley Training Fellowship; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [349553] FX This research was supported by National Institute on Aging Cooperative Agreements U01-AG-020487, U01-AG-020478, U01-AG-020480, and U01-AG-022132 and National Institutes of Health Grants MO1-RR-00036, P60-DK-020579-30, and P30-DK-056341. L. M. Redman was supported by a Neil Hamilton-Fairley Training Fellowship awarded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (ID 349553). This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00099138, NCT00099151, and NCT00099099. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 302 IS 4 BP E441 EP E448 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00290.2011 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 894DF UT WOS:000300406500008 PM 22127229 ER PT J AU Zoulias, N Koenig, D Hamidi, A McCormick, S Kim, M AF Zoulias, Nicholas Koenig, Daniel Hamidi, Ashley McCormick, Sheila Kim, Minsung TI A role for PHANTASTICA in medio-lateral regulation of adaxial domain development in tomato and tobacco leaves SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE PHANTASTICA; KNOX genes; compound leaf; simple leaf; homology; tomato; Solanum lycopersicum; tobacco; Nicotiana tabacum; leaf evolution ID COMPOUND-LEAF DEVELOPMENT; RELATIVE CARDAMINE-HIRSUTA; REPRESS BREVIPEDICELLUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1; GENE-EXPRESSION; HOMEOBOX GENES; KNOX GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; POLARITY AB Background and Aims Diverse leaf forms in nature can be categorized into two groups: simple and compound. A simple leaf has a single blade unit, whilst a compound leaf is dissected into leaflets. For both simple and compound leaves, a MYB domain transcription factor PHANTASTICA (PHAN) plays an important role in establishing the adaxial domain in the leaf. Absence of PHAN in arabidopsis and antirrhinum leaves supresses blade development, and in tomato suppresses leaflet development. However, in the rachis and petiole regions of tomato leaves where PHAN and the adaxial domain coexist, it has been unclear why leaf blade and leaflets are not formed. We hypothesized that PHAN regulates the medio-lateral extent of the adaxial domain, thereby determining compound leaf architecture. Methods To test this hypothesis, we generated and analysed transgenic tomato plants expressing tomato PHAN (SlPHAN) under the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in both sense and antisense orientations, and tobacco plants that over-express tomato SlPHAN. Key Results Modulations in SlPHAN resulted in a variety of leaf morphologies such as simple, ternate and compound in either a peltate or non-peltate arrangement. Measurements of the extent of the adaxial domain along the wild-type tomato leaf axis showed that the adaxial domain is narrowed in the rachis and petiole in comparison with regions where laminar tissue arises. In antiSlPHAN transgenic leaves, no blade or leaflet was formed where the adaxial domain was medio-laterally narrowed, and KNOX gene expression was correlatively upregulated. CaMV35S::SlPHAN expression led to widening of the adaxial domain and ectopic blade outgrowth in the rachis of tomato and in the petiole of tobacco. Taken together, these results suggest that SlPHAN plays a role in medio-lateral extension of the adaxial domain and contributes to final leaf morphology in tomato. Conclusions This study provides a novel insight into leaf architecture in tomato and highlights how changes in the expression domain of a master regulator gene such as SlPHAN can be translated into diverse final leaf morphologies. C1 [Zoulias, Nicholas; Kim, Minsung] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. [Koenig, Daniel; Hamidi, Ashley] Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. EM minung.kim@manchester.ac.uk OI Koenig, Daniel/0000-0002-1037-5346 NR 64 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 BP 407 EP 418 DI 10.1093/aob/mcr295 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 888ZH UT WOS:000300042800008 PM 22184618 ER PT J AU Li, HF Knutson, BL Nokes, SE Lynn, BC Flythe, MD AF Li, Hsin-Fen Knutson, Barbara L. Nokes, Sue E. Lynn, Bert C. Flythe, Michael D. TI Metabolic control of Clostridium thermocellum via inhibition of hydrogenase activity and the glucose transport rate SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemostat; Consolidated bioprocessing; Cellulosic biomass conversion; Cellulose; Metabolic engineering; Product selectivity; Continuous culture; Paraquat ID METHYL VIOLOGEN; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FERMENTATION; GROWTH; SELECTIVITY; PRODUCTS; BACTERIA; YIELDS AB Clostridium thermocellum has the ability to catabolize cellulosic biomass into ethanol, but acetic acid, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas (H-2) are also produced. The effect of hydrogenase inhibitors (H-2, carbon monoxide (CO), and methyl viologen) on product selectivity was investigated. The anticipated effect of these hydrogenase inhibitors was to decrease acetate production. However, shifts to ethanol and lactate production are also observed as a function of cultivation conditions. When the sparge gas of cellobiose-limited chemostat cultures was switched from N-2 to H-2, acetate declined, and ethanol production increased 350%. In resting cell suspensions, lactate increased when H-2 or CO was the inhibitor or when the cells were held at elevated hyperbaric pressure (6.8 atm). In contrast, methyl-viologen-treated resting cells produced twice as much ethanol as the other treatments. The relationship of chemostat physiology to methyl viologen inhibition was revealed by glucose transport experiments, in which methyl viologen decreased the rate of glucose transport by 90%. C. thermocellum produces NAD(+) from NADH by H-2, lactate, and ethanol production. When the hydrogenases were inhibited, the latter two products increased. However, excess substrate availability causes fructose 1,6-diphosphate, the glycolytic intermediate that triggers lactate production, to increase. Compensatory ethanol production was observed when the chemostat fluid dilution rate or methyl viologen decreased substrate transport. This research highlights the complex effects of high concentrations of dissolved gases in fermentation, which are increasingly envisioned in microbial applications of H-2 production for the conversion of synthetic gases to chemicals. C1 [Flythe, Michael D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Li, Hsin-Fen; Knutson, Barbara L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Nokes, Sue E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Lynn, Bert C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Flythe, Michael D.] ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Flythe, MD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM michael.flythe@ars.usda.gov RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010 OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169 FU Southeastern Sun Grant Center [DTOS59-07-G-0050]; Agricultural Research Service, USDA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Southeastern Sun Grant Center, administered by the University of Tennessee, grant number DTOS59-07-G-0050. MF was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, USDA. The authors would like to thank Gloria Gellin and Jerry Vice for the technical assistance. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1777 EP 1784 DI 10.1007/s00253-011-3812-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 892UC UT WOS:000300310100039 PM 22218768 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR White, JW Porter, CH Hoogenboom, G Nearing, GS French, AN AF Thorp, K. R. White, J. W. Porter, C. H. Hoogenboom, G. Nearing, G. S. French, A. N. TI Methodology to evaluate the performance of simulation models for alternative compiler and operating system configurations SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Crop model; G95; Gfortran; Linux; Open source; Windows ID CROP MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; SCALE AB Simulation modelers increasingly require greater flexibility for model implementation on diverse operating systems, and they demand high computational speed for efficient iterative simulations. Additionally, model users may differ in preference for proprietary versus open-source software environments. These issues necessitate the development of strategies to maximize model compatibility across operating systems, to ensure numerically accurate simulations for alternative compiler selections, and to understand how these choices affect computational speed. We developed an approach to evaluate model performance using diverse Fortran compilers on multiple computer operating systems. A single desktop computer with five identical hard drives was designed to permit meaningful comparisons between five operating systems while minimizing differences in hardware configuration. Three Fortran compilers and relevant software development tools were installed on each operating system. Both proprietary and open-source versions of compilers and operating systems were used. Compatibility and performance issues among compiler and operating system combinations were assessed for an example case: the Cropping System Model (CSM) as implemented in version 4.5 of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). A simulation study that included 773 simulations and assessed the full suite of crop growth modules within DSSAT-CSM was conducted for each compiler and operating system configuration. For a given simulation, results were identical for anthesis date (ADAT), maturity date (MDAT), and maximum leaf area index (LAIX) regardless of the compiler or operating system used. Over 94% of the simulations were identical for canopy weight at maturity (CWAM) and cumulative evapotranspiration at maturity (ETCM). Differences in CWAM were predominantly less than 2 kg ha(-1) and were likely the result of differences in floating point handling among compilers. Larger CWAM discrepancies highlighted areas for improvement of the model code. Model implementations with the Intel Fortran compiler on the Linux Ubuntu operating system provided the fastest simulations, which averaged 9.0 simulations s(-1). Evaluating simulation models for alternative compiler and operating system configurations is invaluable for understanding model performance constraints and for improving model robustness, portability, usefulness, and flexibility. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorp, K. R.; White, J. W.; French, A. N.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Porter, C. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoogenboom, G.] Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Nearing, G. S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cordon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010; Nearing, Grey/K-4510-2012; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537; Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 81 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.11.008 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 893CY UT WOS:000300334400007 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Mencarelli, M Sacca, ML Vicari, A Abbas, HK AF Accinelli, Cesare Mencarelli, Mariangela Sacca, M. Ludovica Vicari, Alberto Abbas, Hamed K. TI Managing and monitoring of Aspergillus flavus in corn using bioplastic-based formulations SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Mycotoxins; Aflatoxins; Biopesticides; Biocontrol; Biodegradable polymers ID AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; SOIL POPULATIONS; SECTION FLAVI; MAIZE; ECOLOGY; BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXIN; ORYZAE; AGENTS AB In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of bioplastic-based formulations for delivering a non-aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus and for monitoring Aspergilli with the final objective of controlling aflatoxin contamination in corn. Field application of inoculated bioplastic granules showed a rapid shift in the composition of soil A. flavus population, with a significant decrease in relative abundance of indigenous aflatoxigenic isolates. Application of bioplastic granules at 30 kg ha(-1) was more efficient in replacing aflatoxigenic isolates than a 15 kg ha(-1) dosage. In the test plots evaluated, aflatoxin contamination levels at corn maturity were 4.4 and 28.9 ng g(-1) for the 2009 and 2010 field seasons, respectively. However, the biocontrol formulation was effective in reducing aflatoxin contamination in both years. More precisely, soil application of 15 and 30 kg ha(-1) of bioplastic granules reduced aflatoxin contamination by 59 and 86% in 2009, and 80 and 92% in 2010, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Accinelli, Cesare; Mencarelli, Mariangela; Sacca, M. Ludovica; Vicari, Alberto] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Abbas, Hamed K.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Accinelli, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM cesare.accinelli@unibo.it RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; Sacca, Maria Ludovica/A-5611-2015; OI Sacca, Maria Ludovica/0000-0003-4222-9527; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 FU CRPV FX We wish to thank CRPV for partial support of this project. We also thank Novamont S.p.A. for providing bioplastic materials, and AGER and CAIP Bologna-Modena for technical assistance. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.10.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 892FB UT WOS:000300271000006 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Michael, YL Butry, DT Sullivan, AD Chase, JM AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Michael, Yvonne L. Butry, David T. Sullivan, Amy D. Chase, John M. TI Comment on "Green Space, health inequality, and pregnancy" SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.; Chase, John M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Michael, Yvonne L.] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sullivan, Amy D.] Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1 BP 133 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2011.10.009 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 890EY UT WOS:000300129100017 PM 22208752 ER PT J AU Risch, MR DeWild, JF Krabbenhoft, DP Kolka, RK Zhang, LM AF Risch, Martin R. DeWild, John F. Krabbenhoft, David P. Kolka, Randall K. Zhang, Leiming TI Litterfall mercury dry deposition in the eastern USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Litterfall; Dry deposition; Wet deposition; Methylmercury ID MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; METHYL MERCURY; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; PLANT UPTAKE; CANOPY; WET; ACCUMULATION AB Mercury (Hg) in autumn litterfall from predominately deciduous forests was measured in 3 years of samples from 23 Mercury Deposition Network sites in 15 states across the eastern USA. Annual litterfall Hg dry deposition was significantly higher (median 12.3 micrograms per square meter (mu g/m(2)), range 3.5-23.4 mu g/m(2)) than annual Hg wet deposition (median 9.6 mu g/m(2), range 4.4-19.7 mu g/m(2)). The mean ratio of dry to wet Hg deposition was 1.3-1. The sum of dry and wet Hg deposition averaged 21 mu g/m(2) per year and 55% was litterfall dry deposition. Methylmercury was a median 0.8% of Hg in litterfall and ranged from 0.6 to 1.5%. Annual litterfall Hg and wet Hg deposition rates differed significantly and were weakly correlated. Litterfall Hg dry deposition differed among forest-cover types. This study demonstrated how annual litterfall Hg dry deposition rates approximate the lower bound of annual Hg dry fluxes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Risch, Martin R.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [DeWild, John F.; Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] USDA Forest Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Zhang, Leiming] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Risch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM mrrisch@usgs.gov; jfdewild@usgs.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; rkolka@fs.fed.us; leiming.zhang@ec.gc.ca NR 55 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 161 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 896BB UT WOS:000300539300037 PM 21715069 ER PT J AU Macarisin, D Patel, J Bauchan, G Giron, JA Sharma, VK AF Macarisin, Dumitru Patel, Jitendra Bauchan, Gary Giron, Jorge A. Sharma, Vijay K. TI Role of Curli and Cellulose Expression in Adherence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Spinach Leaves SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BIOFILM FORMATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ALFALFA SPROUTS; O157-H7; ATTACHMENT; SURFACES; RESISTANCE; BINDING AB Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks have been linked to consumption of fresh produce. It is generally recognized that bacterial attachment to vegetal matrices constitutes the first step in contamination of fresh produce. Cellular appendages, such as curli fibers, and cellulose, a constituent of extracellular matrix, have been suggested to be involved in E. coli attachment and persistence in fresh produce. A comparative evaluation was conducted on the ability of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 strains EDL933 and 86-24, linked to two independent foodborne disease outbreaks in humans, and their mutants deficient in curli and/or cellulose expression to colonize and to firmly attach to spinach leaf. Inoculated spinach leaves were incubated at 22 degrees C, and at 0, 24, and 48 h after incubation loosely and strongly attached E. coli O157:H7 populations were determined. Curli-expressing E. coli O157:H7 strains developed stronger association with leaf surface, whereas curli-deficient mutants attached to spinach at significantly (p < 0.01) lower numbers. Attachment of cellulose-impaired mutants to spinach leaves was not significantly different from that of curliated strains. The relative attachment strength of E. coli O157:H7 to spinach increased with incubation time for the curli-expressing strains. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) analysis of inoculated leaves revealed that curli-expressing E. coli O157:H7 were surrounded by extracellular structures strongly immunostained with anti-curli antibodies. Production of cellulose was not required to develop strong attachment to spinach leaf. These results indicate that curli fibers are essential for strong attachment of E. coli O157:H7 to spinach whereas cellulose is dispensable. C1 [Macarisin, Dumitru; Patel, Jitendra] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, Gary] ARS, Electron & Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Giron, Jorge A.] Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sharma, Vijay K.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, NADC, Ames, IA USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, USDA, BARC, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 18 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.1020 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 894EK UT WOS:000300409600012 PM 22315954 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, Saumya TI Modification of an Acetone-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Disruption Method for Cellular Protein Extraction from Neurotoxigenic Clostridium botulinum SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB An acetone-sodium dodecyl sulfate disruption method was used for the extraction of cellular proteins from neurotoxigenic Clostridium botulinum. The amount of protein extracted per gram of dry weight and the protein profile as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was comparable to the extracts prepared by established methods, namely, sonication or agitation with beads. This method allows safer handling of C. botulinum by avoiding mechanical disruption, the generation of aerosols, and contamination of the apparatus. C1 ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM saumya.bhaduri@.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 172 EP 174 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.0979 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 894EK UT WOS:000300409600014 PM 22044259 ER PT J AU Santos, AM Oliver, MJ Sanchez, AM Oliveira, MM AF Santos, Ana Margarida Oliver, Melvin John Sanchez, Ana Maria Oliveira, M. Margarida TI Expression of almond Knotted1 homologue (PdKn1) anticipates adventitious shoot initiation SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Almond; Adventitious shoot meristem; PdKn1 (Prunus dulcis Knotted1-like); Knox class I ID MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; APICAL MERISTEM; ARABIDOPSIS SHOOT; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; REGENERATION; PRUNUS; CYTOKININ; THALIANA; PATTERNS; WUSCHEL AB The transcription factor encoded by the gene Knotted1 is a nuclear homeodomain protein, regulating meristematic cells at the shoot apical meristem. It has been demonstrated that Knotted1 (KN1) expression specifies stem cell fate in adventitious shoot induction in herbaceous plants. This gene may thus potentially identify the initiation of meristem development in adventitious shoot induction in difficult-to-regenerate plants such as Prunoideae. We isolated an almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) KN1-type gene using degenerate primers targeting the most conserved regions of Knotted1 gene. The 5' and 3' ends of the isolated sequence were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR), and the gene was named P. dulcis Knotted1-like (PdKn1). PdKn1 transcripts were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR mainly in shoot apical and axillary meristems. The RT-PCR and RT-quantitative PCR PdKn1 expression in almond leaf explants was found to anticipate the organization of adventitious shoot meristems. Apricot RNA isolated from induced leaf explants cross-hybridized with the almond probe PdKn1 in Northern blotting. We suggest that almond PdKn1 may be a useful marker to study the adventitious regeneration system by revealing the potential organogenic conditions, not only in almond but also in other Prunoideae. C1 [Santos, Ana Margarida; Sanchez, Ana Maria; Oliveira, M. Margarida] Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol ITQB, P-2780157 Oeiras, Portugal. [Santos, Ana Margarida; Sanchez, Ana Maria; Oliveira, M. Margarida] Inst Biol Expt & Tecnol IBET, P-2780157 Oeiras, Portugal. [Oliveira, M. Margarida] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Oliveira, MM (reprint author), Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol ITQB, Av Republ, P-2780157 Oeiras, Portugal. EM asantos@itqb.unl.pt; olivermj@missouri.edu; asanchez@itqb.unl.pt; mmolive@itqb.unl.pt RI Oliveira, M. Margarida/H-9318-2012; OI Oliveira, M. Margarida/0000-0002-0095-1952; Sanchez, Ana/0000-0002-0444-7278 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCTI/AGG/68507/2001]; AM Santos [BD 3125/2000] FX This work was supported by the "Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia" through the research project "[POCTI/AGG/68507/2001]" and through the PhD Fellowship of AM Santos "[BD 3125/2000]". NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD FEB PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s11627-011-9388-x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 893BJ UT WOS:000300330000006 ER PT J AU Font, E Carazo, P de Lanuza, GPI Kramer, M AF Font, Enrique Carazo, Pau Perez i de Lanuza, Guillem Kramer, Matthew TI Predator-Elicited Foot Shakes in Wall Lizards (Podarcis muralis): Evidence for a Pursuit-Deterrent Function SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antipredator behavior; communication; display; dynamic visual signal; reptile ID ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; CHEMICAL CUES; LEIOCEPHALUS-CARINATUS; ANOLIS-CRISTATELLUS; LACERTA-VIVIPARA; VISUAL-DISPLAY; TAIL DISPLAY; SIGNAL; PREY; RESPONSES AB Under certain circumstances, prey may inform potential predators of their unprofitability by means of pursuit-deterrent signals. The evidence for pursuit-deterrent signaling in reptiles is scant and taxonomically biased. Wall lizards, Podarcis muralis (Squamata: Lacertidae) produce several distinct types of stereotyped foot shake displays, of which one, performed in antipredator contexts, is a likely candidate for a pursuit-deterrent function. We investigated this possibility by recording the responses of lizards in the field to a slowly approaching human acting as a surrogate predator. In addition to starting and flight initiation distances, we measured the presence of foot shakes, the leg that was shaken, and the distance from the observer at which the display was performed (display distance). Of a total of 484 approaches, 109 (22.5%) elicited foot shake displays. Roughly half the lizards displayed from the location where they were first sighted, while the other half moved a short distance, then displayed. There was no left-right preference in the leg used to display, but most lizards displayed with the leg closer to the approaching predator. Juveniles and subadults had smaller flight initiation distances than adult lizards. There were no sex-related differences in starting or flight initiation distances, but females, for a given distance, were more likely to display than males. Foot shake display frequency declined abruptly at 1 m. If lizards waited until the surrogate predator was this close, they mostly fled without displaying. Our results show that antipredator foot shaking in P. muralis is consistent with expectations from pursuit-deterrent theory. C1 [Font, Enrique; Carazo, Pau; Perez i de Lanuza, Guillem] Univ Valencia, Inst Cavanilles Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Kramer, Matthew] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Font, E (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Inst Cavanilles Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, Apdo 22085, Valencia 46071, Spain. EM enrique.font@uv.es RI Carazo, Pau/B-3311-2011; OI Carazo, Pau/0000-0002-1525-6522; Perez i de Lanuza, Guillem/0000-0003-3736-6957 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2011-23751]; FPU from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that contributed to improving our manuscript. Fieldwork in Angoustrine was conducted under permit from the Prefet des Pyrenees-Orientales. Funding was provided by grant CGL2011-23751 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. PC and GPL were supported by predoctoral FPU grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7036 J9 J COMP PSYCHOL JI J. Comp. Psychol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 126 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1037/a0025446 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Zoology GA 894WT UT WOS:000300458900010 PM 22352886 ER PT J AU Spotswood, EN Goodman, KR Carlisle, J Cormier, RL Humple, DL Rousseau, J Guers, SL Barton, GG AF Spotswood, Erica N. Goodman, Kari Roesch Carlisle, Jay Cormier, Renee L. Humple, Diana L. Rousseau, Josee Guers, Susan L. Barton, Gina G. TI How safe is mist netting? evaluating the risk of injury and mortality to birds SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE avian; banding; injury; mist netting; mortality rate; research techniques; ringing; wildlife capture ID CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION; WILD ANIMALS; LONG-TERM; CAPTURE; BLOOD; SURVIVAL; FREQUENCY; PENGUINS; NETS; SIZE AB 1. The capture of birds using mist nets is a widely utilized technique for monitoring avian populations. While the method is assumed to be safe, very few studies have addressed how frequently injuries and mortalities occur and the associated risks have not been formally evaluated. 2. We quantified the rates of mortality and injury at 22 banding organizations in the United States and Canada and used capture data from five organizations to determine what kinds of incidents occur most frequently. Analyses focused on passerines and near-passerines, but other groups were included. We evaluated whether body mass, age, sex, mist net mesh size, month and time of day or frequency of capture are related to the risk or type of incident. We also compared the recapture histories over time between birds that were injured and those that were never injured for 16 species. 3. The average rate of injury was 0 59%, while mortality was 0 23%. Birds captured frequently were less at risk to incident. Body mass was positively correlated with incident and larger birds were at greater risk to predation, leg injuries, broken legs, internal bleeding and cuts, while smaller birds were more prone to stress, tangling-related injuries and wing strain. Rates of incident varied among species, with some at greater risk than others. We found no evidence for increased mortality over time of injured birds compared with uninjured birds. 4. We provide the first comprehensive evaluation of the risks associated with mist netting. Our results indicate that (1) injury and mortality rates below one percent can be achieved during mist netting and (2) injured birds are likely to survive in comparable numbers to uninjured birds after release. While overall risks are low, this study identified vulnerable species and traits that may increase a bird's susceptibility to incident that should be considered in banding protocols aimed at minimizing injury and mortality. Projects using mist nets should monitor their performance and compare their results to those of other organizations. C1 [Spotswood, Erica N.; Goodman, Kari Roesch] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carlisle, Jay] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Idaho Bird Observ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Cormier, Renee L.; Humple, Diana L.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Rousseau, Josee] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Rousseau, Josee] Klamath & Humboldt Bay Bird Observ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Guers, Susan L.] Alaska Bird Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Barton, Gina G.] San Francisco Bay Bird Observ, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. RP Spotswood, EN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM espots@berkeley.edu NR 48 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00123.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 884SK UT WOS:000299728300004 ER PT J AU Samuels, GJ Ismaiel, A de Souza, J Chaverri, P AF Samuels, Gary J. Ismaiel, Adnan de Souza, Jorge Chaverri, Priscila TI Trichoderma stromaticum and its overseas relatives SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Hypocreales; Theobroma cacao; Pleomorphic fungi; Species concepts; Species complex; Hypocrea; Hypocreaceae; Cacao; Biological control; Biogeography; Systematics ID WITCHES-BROOM PATHOGEN; FROSTY POD ROT; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GENUS TRICHODERMA; MOLECULAR-DATA; CACAO; DISEASE; INCONGRUENCE; INFERENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Trichoderma stromaticum, T. rossicum and newly discovered species form a unique lineage in Trichoderma. Phylogenetic and phenotypic diversity in Trichoderma stromaticum are examined in the light of reported differences in ecological parameters and AFLP patterns. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis using 4 genes (tef1, rbp2, cal, chi18-5) did not reveal phylogenetic basis for the two reported divergent AFLP patterns or for ecological parameters; however, this analysis does indicate incomplete speciation with one supported clade derived from within T. stromaticum that corresponds to AFLP Group 2 of de Souza et al. (2006, Phytopathology 96:61-67). Trichoderma stromaticum is known only from tropical America and is typically found in association with Theobroma cacao infected with Moniliophthora perniciosa. It is reported here for the first time on pseudostromata of M. roreri in Peru. Strains of T. stromaticum also have been isolated as endophytes from stems of Theo. cacao. There are no recognized close relatives of T. stromaticum in tropical America. The closest relatives of T. stromaticum are collected in Africa and Thailand; somewhat more distantly related are T. rossicum and T. barbatum, both found in north temperate regions. C1 [Samuels, Gary J.; Ismaiel, Adnan] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [de Souza, Jorge] Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, CCABA, BR-44380000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Chaverri, Priscila] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Rm 304,B-011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.samuels@ars.usda.gov OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 NR 70 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X EI 1861-8952 J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 215 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s11557-011-0743-4 PG 40 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 889NE UT WOS:000300079600022 ER PT J AU Chaves, FC Gianfagna, TJ Aneja, M Posada, F Peterson, SW Vega, FE AF Chaves, Fabio C. Gianfagna, Thomas J. Aneja, Madhu Posada, Francisco Peterson, Stephen W. Vega, Fernando E. TI Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 35191 from coffee, a non-toxigenic endophyte with the ability to synthesize kojic acid SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus oryzae; Cacao; Coffee; Endophyte; Kojic acid ID FLAVUS; MYCOTOXINS AB Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 35191 was isolated as an endophyte from coffee leaves and found to produce kojic acid (KA) in culture. When inoculated into cacao seedlings (Theobroma cacao), A. oryzae grew endophytically and synthesized KA in planta. Cacao seedlings inoculated with A. oryzae produced higher levels of caffeine than non-inoculated ones. Aspergillus oryzae may be a useful endophyte to introduce to cacao since it grows non-pathogenically and induces the caffeine defense response that may make the plant more tolerant to insects and pathogens. C1 [Chaves, Fabio C.; Gianfagna, Thomas J.; Aneja, Madhu] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Plant Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Posada, Francisco] Ctr Nacl Invest Cafe Cenicafe, Manizales 2427, Caldas, Colombia. [Peterson, Stephen W.] Agr Res Serv, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vega, Fernando E.] Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chaves, FC (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Ciencia & Tecnol Agroind, Fac Agron Eliseu Maciel, S-N,Caixa Postal 354, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. EM chavesfc@gmail.com OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) FX To CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) for providing F.C. Chaves with a graduate fellowship. To Dr. Joan Bennett for her valuable review of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s11557-011-0745-2 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 889NE UT WOS:000300079600024 ER PT J AU Jumepaeng, T Luthria, DL Chanthai, S AF Jumepaeng, Thanawat Luthria, Devanand L. Chanthai, Saksit TI The effect of surfactant on headspace single drop microextraction for the determination of some volatile aroma compounds in citronella grass and lemongrass leaves by gas chromatography SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ESSENTIAL OILS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EXTRACTION METHODS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GC-MS; SAMPLES; HYDROCARBONS; SOLVENTS AB A rapid method for the determination of some volatile aromatic compounds (VACs), including citronellal, citronellol, neral, geranial, geraniol and eugenol in citronella grass and lemongrass leaves, was developed using surfactant as a surface tension modifier while performing headspace single drop microextraction (HS-SDME) prior to analysis by GC-FID. Experimental parameters were optimized, including type of single drop solvent, extraction temperature and time, enrichment time, sample volume, and salt and surfactant concentration. In this study, the effect of surfactants (SDS, Triton-X and CTAB) on the HS-SDME of VACs was investigated in detail. It was found that a small amount of SDS could contribute to decreasing the surface tension of liquid phase, resulting in an improvement of the extraction efficiency. The proposed method gave higher concentration factors (2.39-24.6 fold) of these VACs in real samples, and good recovery (97.6-109%) and precision (7-15% RSD). The advantage of this procedure is then recognized as green chemistry because its simple and cheap method with reduced analysis time and toxicity. The sample preparation can easily be applied to routine analysis of these VACs in citronella grass and lemongrass leaf samples. C1 [Jumepaeng, Thanawat; Chanthai, Saksit] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Jumepaeng, Thanawat; Chanthai, Saksit] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Sci, Ctr Innovat Chem, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Luthria, Devanand L.] ARS, USDA, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chanthai, S (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM D.Luthria@ars.usda.gov; sakcha2@kku.ac.th FU Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC PERDO), Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand FX The authors are grateful for financial support from the Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC PERDO), Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand. The USDA, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and the Hitachi Scholarship Foundation, Tokyo, Japan is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1039/c2ay05646a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 888XW UT WOS:000300038900016 ER PT J AU Dainat, B Evans, JD Chen, YP Gauthier, L Neumann, P AF Dainat, Benjamin Evans, Jay D. Chen, Yan Ping Gauthier, Laurent Neumann, Peter TI Dead or Alive: Deformed Wing Virus and Varroa destructor Reduce the Life Span of Winter Honeybees SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEE APIS-MELLIFERA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; COLONY COLLAPSE; NOSEMA-CERANAE; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; RT-PCR; VITELLOGENIN; BEHAVIOR; HYMENOPTERA; PREVALENCE AB Elevated winter losses of managed honeybee colonies are a major concern, but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Among the suspects are the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, and associated viruses. Here we hypothesize that pathogens reduce the life expectancy of winter bees, thereby constituting a proximate mechanism for colony losses. A monitoring of colonies was performed over 6 months in Switzerland from summer 2007 to winter 2007/2008. Individual dead workers were collected daily and quantitatively analyzed for deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), N. ceranae, and expression levels of the vitellogenin gene as a biomarker for honeybee longevity. Workers from colonies that failed to survive winter had a reduced life span beginning in late fall, were more likely to be infected with DWV, and had higher DWV loads. Colony levels of infection with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and individual infections with DWV were also associated with reduced honeybee life expectancy. In sharp contrast, the level of N. ceranae infection was not correlated with longevity. In addition, vitellogenin gene expression was significantly positively correlated with ABPV and N. ceranae loads. The findings strongly suggest that V. destructor and DWV (but neither N. ceranae nor ABPV) reduce the life span of winter bees, thereby constituting a parsimonious possible mechanism for honeybee colony losses. C1 [Dainat, Benjamin; Gauthier, Laurent; Neumann, Peter] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Bern, Switzerland. [Evans, Jay D.; Chen, Yan Ping] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Dainat, B (reprint author), Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Bern, Switzerland. EM benjamin.dainat@alp.admin.ch RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU Swiss Federal Veterinary Office FX Financial support was granted by the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office to P.N. and B.D. NR 69 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 63 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1128/AEM.06537-11 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 887HX UT WOS:000299918600010 PM 22179240 ER PT J AU Carter, MQ Louie, JW Fagerquist, CK Sultan, O Miller, WG Mandrell, RE AF Carter, Michelle Q. Louie, Jacqueline W. Fagerquist, Clifton K. Sultan, Omar Miller, William G. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Evolutionary Silence of the Acid Chaperone Protein HdeB in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERIC BACTERIA; PATHOADAPTIVE MUTATIONS; PERIPLASMIC PROTEIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENOME SEQUENCE; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; O157-H7; STRESS; K-12 AB The periplasmic chaperones HdeA and HdeB are known to be important for cell survival at low pH (pH < 3) in Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. Here we investigated the roles of HdeA and HdeB in the survival of various enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) following exposure to pH 2.0. Similar to K-12 strains, the acid protections conferred by HdeA and HdeB in EHEC 0145 were significant: loss of HdeA and HdeB led to over 100- to 1,000-fold reductions in acid survival, depending on the growth condition of prechallenge cells. However, this protection was much less in E. coli O157:H7 strains. Deletion of hdeB did not affect the acid survival of cells, and deletion of hdeA led to less than a 5-fold decrease in survival. Sequence analysis of the hdeAB operon revealed a point mutation at the putative start codon of the hdeB gene in all 26 E. coli O157:H7 strains analyzed, which shifted the ATG start codon to ATA. This mutation correlated with the lack of HdeB in E. coli O157:H7; however, the plasmid-borne O157-hdeB was able to restore partially the acid resistance in an E. coli O145 Delta hdeAB mutant, suggesting the potential function of O157-HdeB as an acid chaperone. We conclude that E. coli O157:H7 strains have evolved acid survival strategies independent of the HdeA/B chaperones and are more acid resistant than nonpathogenic K-12 for cells grown under nonfavorable culturing conditions such as in Luria-Bertani no-salt broth at 28 degrees C. These results suggest a divergent evolution of acid resistance mechanisms within E. coli. C1 [Carter, Michelle Q.; Louie, Jacqueline W.; Fagerquist, Clifton K.; Sultan, Omar; Miller, William G.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Carter, MQ (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM michelle.carter@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-42000-046-00D]; National Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55212-16927, 2007-35212-18239] FX This work was supported in part by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5325-42000-046-00D and by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant numbers 2006-55212-16927 and 2007-35212-18239, from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1128/AEM.07033-11 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 887HX UT WOS:000299918600013 PM 22179243 ER PT J AU Franco, W Perez-Diaz, IM Johanningsmeier, SD McFeeters, RF AF Franco, Wendy Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. McFeeters, Roger F. TI Characteristics of Spoilage-Associated Secondary Cucumber Fermentation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE PRODUCTION; LACTOBACILLUS-BUCHNERI; CLOSTRIDIUM-SPOROGENES; FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; LACTIC-ACID; YEAST; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS AB Secondary fermentations during the bulk storage of fermented cucumbers can result in spoilage that causes a total loss of the fermented product, at an estimated cost of $6,000 to $15,000 per affected tank. Previous research has suggested that such fermentations are the result of microbiological utilization of lactic acid and the formation of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids. The objectives of this study were to characterize the chemical and environmental conditions associated with secondary cucumber fermentations and to isolate and characterize potential causative microorganisms. Both commercial spoilage samples and laboratory-reproduced secondary fermentations were evaluated. Potential causative agents were isolated based on morphological characteristics. Two yeasts, Pichia manshurica and Issatchenkia occidentalis, were identified and detected most commonly concomitantly with lactic acid utilization. In the presence of oxygen, yeast metabolic activities lead to lactic acid degradation, a small decline in the redox potential (E-h, Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl) of the fermentation brines, and an increase in pH to levels at which bacteria other than the lactic acid bacteria responsible for the primary fermentation can grow and produce acetic, butyric, and propionic acids. Inhibition of these yeasts by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) resulted in stabilization of the fermented medium, while the absence of the preservative resulted in the disappearance of lactic and acetic acids in a model system. Additionally, three Gram-positive bacteria, Lactobacillus buchneri, a Clostridium sp., and Pediococcus ethanolidurans, were identified as potentially relevant to different stages of the secondary fermentation. The unique opportunity to study commercial spoilage samples generated a better understanding of the microbiota and environmental conditions associated with secondary cucumber fermentations. C1 [Franco, Wendy; Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.; Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D.; McFeeters, Roger F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M.; Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D.; McFeeters, Roger F.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1284 DI 10.1128/AEM.06605-11 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 887HX UT WOS:000299918600043 PM 22179234 ER PT J AU Ooi, EMM Russell, BS Olson, E Sun, SZ Diffenderfer, MR Lichtenstein, AH Keilson, L Barrett, PHR Schaefer, EJ Sprecher, DL AF Ooi, Esther M. M. Russell, Betsy S. Olson, Eric Sun, Sam Z. Diffenderfer, Margaret R. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Keilson, Leonard Barrett, P. Hugh R. Schaefer, Ernst J. Sprecher, Dennis L. TI Apolipoprotein B-100-Containing Lipoprotein Metabolism in Subjects With Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Mutations SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; gene mutations; hyperlipoproteinemia; lipases; metabolism ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; C-II; FAMILIAL HYPERCHYLOMICRONEMIA; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VIVO; APO-B; DEFICIENCY AB Objective-We investigated the impact of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene mutations on apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100 metabolism. Methods and Results-We studied 3 subjects with familial LPL deficiency; 14 subjects heterozygous for the LPL gene mutations Gly188Glu, Trp64Stop, and Ile194Thr; and 10 control subjects. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apoB-100 kinetics were determined in the fed state using stable isotope methods and compartmental modeling. Compared with controls, familial LPL deficiency had markedly elevated plasma triglycerides and lower VLDL-apoB-100 fractional catabolic rate (FCR), IDL-apoB-100 FCR, VLDL-to-IDL conversion, and VLDL-apoB-100 production rate (P < 0.01). Compared with controls, Gly188Glu had higher plasma triglyceride and VLDL-and IDL-apoB-100 concentrations and lower VLDL-and IDL-apoB-100 FCR (P < 0.05). Plasma triglycerides were not different, but IDL-apoB-100 concentration and production rate and VLDL-to-IDL conversion were lower in Trp64Stop compared with controls (P < 0.05). No differences between controls and Ile194Thr were observed. Conclusion-Our results confirm that hypertriglyceridemia is a key feature of familial LPL deficiency. This is due to impaired VLDL-and IDL-apoB-100 catabolism and VLDL-to-IDL conversion. Single-allele mutations of the LPL gene result in modest to elevated plasma triglycerides. The changes in plasma triglycerides and apoB-100 kinetics are attributable to the effects of the LPL genotype. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:459-466.) C1 [Olson, Eric; Sprecher, Dennis L.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, CVU CEDD, Discovery Med, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. [Ooi, Esther M. M.; Diffenderfer, Margaret R.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ooi, Esther M. M.] Univ Western Australia, Metab Res Ctr, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Ooi, Esther M. M.; Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Fac Engn Comp & Math, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Russell, Betsy S.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Digest Dis, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Sun, Sam Z.] Archer Daniels Midland Co, Off Compliance & Eth, Decatur, IL USA. [Keilson, Leonard] Maine Ctr Lipids & Cardiovasc Hlth, Portland, ME USA. RP Sprecher, DL (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Discovery Med CVU CEDD, Dept Discovery Med, 709 Swedeland Rd,UW2301, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. EM esther.ooi@uwa.edu.au; dennis.l.sprecher@gsk.com RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; Ooi, Esther/B-3257-2011; OI Ooi, Esther/0000-0002-2097-633X; Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [5R01-HL047496-02/3]; US Department of Agriculture Research Services [1950-51000-072-02S]; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia FX This work was supported by Grant 5R01-HL047496-02/3 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and contract 1950-51000-072-02S from the US Department of Agriculture Research Services. Dr Ooi is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. Dr Barrett is an NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 459 EP U711 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.238493 PG 32 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 879HV UT WOS:000299321200039 PM 22095987 ER PT J AU Brown, TC Froemke, P AF Brown, Thomas C. Froemke, Pamela TI Nationwide Assessment of Nonpoint Source Threats to Water Quality SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pollutants; environmental health; assessments ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-LAKES; STREAMS; TRENDS; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE; POLLUTION; RIVERS; US AB Water quality is a continuing national concern, in part because the containment of pollution from nonpoint (diffuse) sources remains a challenge. We examine the spatial distribution of nonpoint-source threats to water quality. On the basis of comprehensive data sets for a series of watershed stressors, the relative risk of water-quality impairment was estimated for the over 15,000 fifth-level watersheds in the contiguous United States. A broad division emerged at about the 100th meridian, with eastern areas typically under higher stress than western areas, reflecting the generally higher housing, road, and agriculture densities and higher levels of atmospheric deposition in the eastern division. Recent trends in some stressors are encouraging, but the prospect of further substantial population growth indicates continued pressure on water quality, suggesting that renewed focus on controlling nonpoint-source pollution will be needed if the goals of the Clean Water Act are to be attained. C1 [Brown, Thomas C.; Froemke, Pamela] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM thomas.brown@colostate.edu; pfroemke@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 47 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.2.7 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 890DJ UT WOS:000300125000006 ER PT J AU Hennon, PE D'Amore, DV Schaberg, PG Wittwer, DT Shanley, CS AF Hennon, Paul E. D'Amore, David V. Schaberg, Paul G. Wittwer, Dustin T. Shanley, Colin S. TI Shifting Climate, Altered Niche, and a Dynamic Conservation Strategy for Yellow-Cedar in the North Pacific Coastal Rainforest SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate adaptation; forest decline; root cold tolerance; Callitropsis nootkatensis; Chamaecyparis nootkatensis ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DECLINE; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; TREES; 20TH-CENTURY; GLACIATION; TOLERANCE AB The extensive mortality of yellow-cedar along more than 1000 kilometers of the northern Pacific coast of North America serves as a leading example of climate effects on a forest tree species. In this article, we document our approaches to resolving the causes of tree death, which we explain as a cascade of interacting topographic, forest-structure, and microclimate factors that act on a unique vulnerability of yellow-cedar to fine-root freezing. The complex causes of tree mortality are reduced to two risk factors-snow depth and soil drainage-which are then used to model present and future cedar habitat suitability. We propose a dynamic, comprehensive conservation strategy for this valuable species on the basis of zones created by shifting climate, cedar's ecological niche, and observed risk factors. Research on yellow-cedar decline is offered as a template for understanding and adapting to climate change for other climate forest issues. C1 [Hennon, Paul E.; D'Amore, David V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK USA. [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. [Shanley, Colin S.] Nature Conservancy, Alaska Field Off, Juneau, AK USA. RP Hennon, PE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK USA. EM phennon@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.2.8 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 890DJ UT WOS:000300125000007 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Clevidence, BA Kurilich, AC AF Novotny, Janet A. Clevidence, Beverly A. Kurilich, Anne C. TI Anthocyanin kinetics are dependent on anthocyanin structure SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Mathematical modelling; Cyanidins; Kinetics; Flavonoids ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; E-DEFICIENT MICE; CYANIDIN 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE; NONACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; HEALTHY HUMANS; WEANLING PIGS; ELDERLY WOMEN; MOUSE MODEL; CONSUMPTION; ABSORPTION AB The kinetics of anthocyanin metabolism was investigated in a human feeding trial. Volunteers (n 12) consumed purple carrots containing five anthocyanin forms: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-coumuroyl-glucose-galactoside). The purple carrots were served as three different treatments in a crossover design with a 3-week washout between treatments. Purple carrot treatments were 250 g raw carrots, 250 g cooked carrots and 500 g cooked carrots. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for 8 and 24 h after the dose, respectively, and analysed for anthocyanins. Of the anthocyanin forms ingested, four were detected in plasma and urine: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside). The time courses of plasma and urine anthocyanin contents were evaluated with compartmental modelling. Results showed that absorption, gastrointestinal transit and plasma elimination are dependent on anthocyanin structure. Absorption efficiencies of acylated compounds (cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside)) were less than those for non-acylated anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside)). The acylated anthocyanins exhibited a shorter half-life for gastrointestinal absorption than the non-acylated anthocyanins. Fractional elimination of non-acylated compounds was slower than that for acylated anthocyanins. These results provide the first information about the kinetics of individual anthocyanins in human beings. C1 [Novotny, Janet A.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Kurilich, Anne C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.novotny@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; USDA CSREES IFAFS [2000-4258] FX Author contributions were as follows: J. A. N., B. A. C. and A. C. K. designed and conducted the study; A. C. K. performed the laboratory analysis; and J. A. N. conducted the mathematical modelling, interpreted data, and wrote the manuscript. This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and an USDA CSREES IFAFS grant 2000-4258. There are no conflicts of interest to report. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 107 IS 4 BP 504 EP 509 DI 10.1017/S000711451100314X PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 887OE UT WOS:000299936700006 PM 22300834 ER PT J AU Goptar, IA Semashko, TA Danilenko, SA Lysogorskaya, EN Oksenoit, ES Zhuzhikov, DP Belozersky, MA Dunaevsky, YE Oppert, B Filippova, IY Elpidina, EN AF Goptar, I. A. Semashko, T. A. Danilenko, S. A. Lysogorskaya, E. N. Oksenoit, E. S. Zhuzhikov, D. P. Belozersky, M. A. Dunaevsky, Y. E. Oppert, B. Filippova, I. Yu. Elpidina, E. N. TI Cysteine digestive peptidases function as post-glutamine cleaving enzymes in tenebrionid stored-product pests SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tenebrio molitor; Digestive peptidase; Post-glutamine cleaving peptidase; Cysteine peptidase; Prolamins ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; MOLITOR LARVAE; MICROVILLAR AMINOPEPTIDASE; STORAGE PROTEINS; MIDGUT CELLS; COLEOPTERA; BEETLE; SPECIFICITIES; LOCALIZATION; ORGANIZATION AB The major storage proteins in cereals, prolamins, have an abundance of the amino acids glutamine and proline. Storage pests need specific digestive enzymes to efficiently hydrolyze these storage proteins. Therefore, post-glutamine cleaving peptidases (PGP) were isolated from the midgut of the stored-product pest, Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm). Three distinct PGP activities were found in the anterior and posterior midgut using the highly-specific chromogenic peptide substrate N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Gln p-nitroanilide. PGP peptidases were characterized according to gel elution times, activity profiles in buffers of different pH, electrophoretic mobility under native conditions, and inhibitor sensitivity. The results indicate that PGP activity is due to cysteine and not serine chymotrypsin-like peptidases from the T. molitor larvae midgut. We propose that the evolutionary conservation of cysteine peptidases in the complement of digestive peptidases of tenebrionid stored-product beetles is due not only to the adaptation of insects to plants rich in serine peptidase inhibitors, but also to accommodate the need to efficiently cleave major dietary proteins rich in glutamine. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oppert, B.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Goptar, I. A.; Lysogorskaya, E. N.; Oksenoit, E. S.; Filippova, I. Yu.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Semashko, T. A.; Danilenko, S. A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Bioengn & Bioinformat, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Zhuzhikov, D. P.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Belozersky, M. A.; Dunaevsky, Y. E.; Elpidina, E. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@k-state.edu RI Belozersky, Mikhail/H-5714-2012; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012; Dunaevsky, Yakov/H-6105-2012 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [09-04-01449-a, 09-03-01007-a, 11-04-93964-SA_a]; ISTC [3455] FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant Nos. 09-04-01449-a, 09-03-01007-a, and 11-04-93964-SA_a) and ISTC (Grant No 3455). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 161 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.10.005 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 889JH UT WOS:000300069500008 PM 22056682 ER PT J AU Al-Hamdan, OZ Pierson, FB Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Williams, CJ Moffet, CA Kormos, PR Boll, J Weltz, MA AF Al-Hamdan, Osama Z. Pierson, F. B., Jr. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Williams, C. J. Moffet, C. A. Kormos, P. R. Boll, J. Weltz, M. A. TI Characteristics of concentrated flow hydraulics for rangeland ecosystems: implications for hydrologic modeling SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE hydraulics of overland flow; rangeland; Darcy-Weisbach friction; flow velocity; flow width ID OVERLAND-FLOW; RILL HYDRAULICS; SOIL-EROSION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEMIARID HILLSLOPE; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; ERODING RILLS; LANDSCAPE; ROUGHNESS; VELOCITY AB Concentrated flow is often the dominant source of water erosion following disturbance on rangelands. Because of the lack of studies that explain the hydraulics of concentrated flow on rangelands, cropland-based equations have typically been used for rangeland hydrology and erosion modeling, leading to less accurate predictions due to different soil and vegetation cover characteristics. This study investigates the hydraulics of concentrated flow using unconfined field experimental data over diverse rangeland landscapes within the Great Basin Region, United States. The results imply that the overall hydraulics of concentrated flow on rangelands differ significantly from those of cropland rills. Concentrated flow hydraulics on rangelands are largely controlled by the amount of cover or bare soil and hillslope angle. New predictive equations for concentrated flow velocity (R-2=0.47), hydraulic friction (R2=0.52), and width (R2=0.4) representing a diverse set of rangeland environments were developed. The resulting equations are applicable across a wide span of ecological sites, soils, slopes, and vegetation and ground cover conditions and can be used by physically-based rangeland hydrology and erosion models to estimate rangeland concentrated flow hydraulic parameters. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Al-Hamdan, Osama Z.; Pierson, F. B., Jr.; Williams, C. J.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Al-Hamdan, Osama Z.; Boll, J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Moffet, C. A.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. [Kormos, P. R.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Weltz, M. A.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. RP Al-Hamdan, OZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM osama.al-hamdan@ars.usda.gov OI Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 FU Natural Resources Conservation Service; Grazing Lands component of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); Joint Fire Science Program FX The authors wish to thank the Natural Resources Conservation Service for funding of this project as part of the Grazing Lands component of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The authors also wish to express appreciation to the Joint Fire Science Program for funding the fieldwork associated with this project. Portions of the field research were funded by Joint Fire Science Program grants for investigating fire effects on rangeland runoff and erosion processes. The authors would also like to thank their parents for providing the nurturing environments and emotional support so necessary for becoming successful in our chosen and challenging scientific careers. Field studies at pinyon and juniper woodland sites in this project are part of the Sagebrush Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program. This is Contribution Number 53 of the SageSTEP project. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 37 IS 2 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1002/esp.2227 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 885KD UT WOS:000299777000002 ER PT J AU McMillan, JR Dunham, JB Reeves, GH Mills, JS Jordan, CE AF McMillan, John R. Dunham, Jason B. Reeves, Gordon H. Mills, Justin S. Jordan, Chris E. TI Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Rainbow trout; Steelhead trout; Alternative male phenotypes; Resident male maturity; Anadromy; Life history ID SALMO-SALAR L; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; BODY-SIZE; BROWN TROUT; BROOK CHARR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; WATER TEMPERATURE; MATING SYSTEM; PARR AB Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were sampled from the John Day River basin in northeast Oregon where both anadromous ("steelhead") and freshwater resident rainbow trout coexist. Larger males with higher lipid levels had a greater probability of maturing as a resident at age-1+. Among males, 38% were maturing overall, and the odds ratios of the logistic model indicated that the probability of a male maturing early as a resident at age-1+ increased 49% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-81%) for every 5 mm increase in length and 33% (95% CI = 10-61%) for every 0.5% increase in whole body lipid content. There was an inverse association between individual condition and water temperature as growth was greater in warmer streams while whole body lipid content was higher in cooler streams. Our results support predictions from life history theory and further suggest that relationships between individual condition, maturation, and environmental variables (e.g., water temperature) are shaped by complex developmental and evolutionary influences. C1 [McMillan, John R.; Mills, Justin S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Corvallis, OR USA. RP McMillan, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jmcmillan71@gmail.com FU NOAA; USGS; USFS; North Umpqua Foundation FX All sampling was conducted in accordance with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit # OR2007-3680 M1 approved by NOAA and USFWS under the Endangered Species Act. Tim Unterwegner, Jim Ruzycki, Jeff Neal, Shelly Miller, and Chris James at ODFW helped identify survey locations and provided critical information on the John Day River basin. Nick Weber, Ian Tattam, Jeremiah Leslie assisted in data collection. Martin Fitzpatrick at USGS provided suggestions that improved the methods and manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA, USGS, USFS, and the North Umpqua Foundation. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 23 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2012 VL 93 IS 3 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 885HC UT WOS:000299768600004 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA AF Ugine, Todd A. TI Developmental Times and Age-Specific Life Tables for Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), Reared at Multiple Constant Temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lygus lineolaris; age-specific life table; development; temperature; fecundity ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; HESPERUS HEMIPTERA; COTTON; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; ACEPHATE; NYMPHS AB Developmental times and survivorship of tarnished plant bug nymphs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and longevity and reproduction of adult tarnished plant bug adults reared on green beans were studied at multiple constant temperatures. The developmental time for each life stage and the total time from egg to adult decreased with increasing temperature. Eggs required the longest time to develop followed by fifth instars and then first-instars. Total developmental time from egg to adult was shortest at 32 degrees C, requiring 18.0 +/- 0.3 d and 416.7 +/- 31.3 DD above 7.9 degrees C, the estimated minimum temperature for development from egg to adult. Sex did not affect total developmental times and did not affect median survival time. Adults lived significantly fewer days at high temperatures (30-32 degrees C: 17-19 d) compared with temperatures below 30 degrees C (range: 24.5-39.4 d) and the number of eggs laid per day increased from approximate to 4 at 18 degrees C to a maximum of 9.5 eggs per day at 30 degrees C. Total egg production over the lifetime of female tarnished plant bugs increased with temperature reaching a maximum of 175 eggs on average at 27 degrees C, total egg production declined at temperatures above 27 degrees C (30 degrees C: 110.8, 32 degrees C: 77.3 eggs per female). The highest net reproductive rate 74.5 (R-0) was obtained from insects maintained at 27 degrees C. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) increased linearly with temperature to a maximum value of 0.1852 at 30 degrees C, and then decreased at 32 degrees C. Generation and doubling times of the population were shortest at 30 degrees C, 21.0 and 3.7 d, respectively. C1 [Ugine, Todd A.] USDA ARS SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ugine, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau2@cornell.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1603/EN10210 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400001 PM 22525054 ER PT J AU Zhang, YZ Hanula, JL Horn, S AF Zhang, Yanzhuo Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott TI The Biology and Preliminary Host Range of Megacopta cribraria (Heteroptera: Plataspidae) and Its Impact on Kudzu Growth SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bean plataspid; kudzu bug; host preference; invasive; exotic ID GREEN STINK BUG; PUERARIA-MONTANA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PENTATOMIDAE; LOBATA; HEMIPTERA; ECOSYSTEM; INSECT; DAMAGE AB The bean plataspid, Megacopta cribraria (F.), recently was discovered in the United States feeding on kudzu, Pueraria montana Lour. (Merr.) variety lobata (Willd.), an economically important invasive vine. We studied its biology on kudzu and its impact on kudzu growth. We also tested its ability to use other common forest legumes for oviposition and development. Flight intercept traps operated from 17 May 2010 to 31 May 2011 in a kudzu field near Athens, GA showed three peaks of adult flight activity suggesting there are two generations per year on kudzu. Vine samples examined for eggs from April 2010 to April 2011 and June to October 2011 showed two periods of oviposition activity in 2010, which coincided with the peaks in adult activity. In 2011, the second period of oviposition began on or before 24 June and then egg abundance declined gradually thereafter until late August when we recovered < 2 eggs/0.5 m of vine. Samples of the five nymphal instars and adults on vines did not show similar trends in abundance. Adults did not lay eggs on the various legume species tested in 2010 in a no-choice test possibly because the cages were too small. In the 2011 field host range experiments conducted in a kudzu field by using 12 legume species, M. cribraria preferentially oviposited on kudzu over soybean, Glycine max Merrill., but they still laid 320 eggs per plant on soybean. Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. and Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don had 122.2 and 108.4 eggs per plant, respectively. Kudzu and soybean were the only species M. cribraria completed development on. Plots protected from M. cribraria feeding by biweekly insecticide applications had 32.8% more kudzu biomass than unprotected plots. Our results show that M. cribraria has a significant impact on kudzu growth and could help suppress this pest weed. C1 [Zhang, Yanzhuo] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhang, YZ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yzzhang80@gmail.com FU Southern Research Station's Insects, Diseases and Invasive Plants research unit FX We thank Mike Cody for technical assistance throughout the study and Jordan Burke for sorting samples into various instars. We thank Min Lu and Bo Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences) for helping obtain the Chinese literature. Phillip Roberts provided soybean seeds, helpful discussions, and reviewed an early draft of this paper. The Southern Research Station's Insects, Diseases and Invasive Plants research unit provided funding. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 77 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1603/EN11231 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400005 PM 22525058 ER PT J AU Burbano, EG Wright, MG Gillette, NE Mori, S Dudley, N Jones, T Kaufmann, M AF Burbano, E. G. Wright, M. G. Gillette, N. E. Mori, S. Dudley, N. Jones, T. Kaufmann, M. TI Efficacy of Traps, Lures, and Repellents for Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Other Ambrosia Beetles on Coffea arabica Plantations and Acacia koa Nurseries in Hawaii SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ambrosia beetles; semiochemicals; traps ID ALPHA-PINENE; DENDROCTONUS-BREVICOMIS; TRYPODENDRON-LINEATUM; INHIBITORS VERBENONE; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA; SCOLYTIDAE; ETHANOL; ATTRACTION; FUNNEL; ATTACK AB The black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a pest of coffee and many endemic Hawaiian plants. Traps baited with chemical attractants commonly are used to capture ambrosia beetles for purposes of monitoring, studying population dynamics, predicting outbreaks, and mass trapping to reduce damage. The objectives of this research were to optimize trapping systems for X. compactus and other ambrosia beetles such as Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) by comparing efficacy of several attractants, repellents, and trap types. The ability of certain chemicals to act as beetle repellents and thus interfere with trap catch was tested for purposes of protecting host plants from attack.. Potential attractants and application methods tested were as follows: ethyl alcohol pouch delivery system, ethyl alcohol vial delivery system, alpha-pinene in Eppendorf tubes, eugenol bubblecaps, ginger oil bubblecaps, manuka oil bubblecaps, phoebe oil bubblecaps, and an unbaited control. Potential repellents tested were limonene and verbenone. Ethyl alcohol vials were as attractive as ethyl alcohol sleeves, and were more effective than traps baited with eugenol and a-pinene. Japanese beetle traps were more effective for black twig borer trapping than Lindgren funnel traps, and were easier to deploy. Verbenone and limonene significantly reduced trap catch of Xylosandrus compactus and X. crassiusculus, suggesting that they may be effective for reducing attraction to host plants. These results show the importance of developing a combination of several monitoring techniques to enhance management procedures for the black twig borer. C1 [Burbano, E. G.; Wright, M. G.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gillette, N. E.; Mori, S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Dudley, N.; Jones, T.; Kaufmann, M.] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Burbano, EG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM eburbano@hawaii.edu FU Forest Health Protection Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV; USDA-TSTAR; Hatch funds FX We thank Virginia Easton Smith for her kind assistance collecting the samples from the coffee trials, Dave and Trudy Bateman from Heavenly Hawaiian in the district of Kona, Island of Hawaii and the Hawaii Research Center (HRC) in Maunawili, Oahu for allowing access to their orchards. We thank John D. Stein for his constructive suggestions in the design of this study, J. P. Lafontaine for assistance with chemical compounds information, and Robert Rabaglia for his comments and suggestions. We also thank the Forest Health Protection Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV for funding support. This research was funded by a USDA-TSTAR grant and Hatch funds. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 28 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1603/EN11112 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400015 PM 22525068 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Torto, B Willms, S Fombong, AT Duehl, A Teal, PEA AF Arbogast, Richard T. Torto, Baldwyn Willms, Steve Fombong, Ayuka T. Duehl, Adrian Teal, Peter E. A. TI Estimating Reproductive Success of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Honey Bee Colonies by Trapping Emigrating Larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; small hive beetle larvae; honey bees; insect trapping ID SMALL HIVE BEETLE; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; SOCIAL ENCAPSULATION; EUROPEAN HONEYBEES; BEHAVIOR; MURRAY; EGGS; CAPE; HYMENOPTERA; REMOVAL AB The small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) is a scavenger and facultative predator in honey bee colonies, where it feeds on pollen, honey, and bee brood. Although a minor problem in its native Africa, it is an invasive pest of honey bees in the United States and Australia. Adult beetles enter bee hives to oviposit and feed. Larval development occurs within the hive, but mature larvae leave the hive to pupate in soil. The numbers leaving, which can be estimated by trapping, measure the reproductive success of adult beetles in the hive over any given period of time. We describe a trap designed to intercept mature larvae as they reach the end of the bottom board on their way to the ground. Trap efficiency was estimated by releasing groups of 100 larvae into empty brood boxes and counting the numbers trapped. Some larvae escaped, hut mean efficiency ranged from 87.2 to 94.2%. We envision the trap as a research tool for study of beetle population dynamics, and we used it to track numbers of larvae leaving active hives for pupation in the soil. The traps detected large increases and then decreases in numbers of larvae leaving colonies that weakened and died. They also detected small numbers of larvae leaving strong European and African colonies, even when no larvae were observed in the hives. C1 [Arbogast, Richard T.; Willms, Steve; Duehl, Adrian; Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Torto, Baldwyn; Fombong, Ayuka T.] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM terry.arbogast@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.1603/EN11186 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400017 PM 22525070 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB AF Srygley, Robert B. TI Age- and Density-Dependent Prophylaxis in the Migratory, Cannibalistic Mormon Cricket Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cannibalism; disease; katydid; lysozyme; melanism ID POPULATION-DENSITY; BEHAVIORAL FEVER; DISEASE RESISTANCE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; MOVEMENT; INSECTS; PROTEIN; LOCUST; ACTIVATION; INVESTMENT AB As a result of the increased potential for disease transmission, insects are predicted to show an increased constitutive immunity when crowded. Cannibalistic aggressive interactions further increase the risk of wounding and pathogen transmission in crowds. Nymphal Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex Haldeman were collected in Montana and reared in the laboratory either solitarily or at densities similar to that experienced by Mormon crickets in migratory bands. As teneral adults, solitarily-reared Mormon crickets tended to have greater phenoloxidase activity than those reared in groups. Sampling enzyme activity a second time when the adults were nearing reproductive maturity, group-reared Mormon crickets had elevated levels of prophenoloxidase and encapsulated foreign objects faster than solitarily-reared insects. Rearing density did not have a significant effect on either the darkness of the cuticle or antibacterial activity. This is the first report of age-related responses of adult insect immunity to crowding. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 166 EP 171 DI 10.1603/EN11020 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400019 PM 22525072 ER PT J AU Morey, AC Hutchison, WD Venette, RC Burkness, EC AF Morey, A. C. Hutchison, W. D. Venette, R. C. Burkness, E. C. TI Cold Hardiness of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pupae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; supercooling point; lower lethal temperature; lower lethal time ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; SUPERCOOLING POINT; PREDICTIVE MODEL; LOW-TEMPERATURES; CORN-EARWORM; SURVIVAL; TOLERANCE; INSECT; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB An insect's cold hardiness affects its potential to overwinter and outbreak in different geographic regions. In this study, we characterized the response of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) pupae to low temperatures by using controlled laboratory measurements of supercooling point (SCP), lower lethal temperature (LT50), and lower lethal time (LLTime). The impact of diapause, acclimation, and sex on the cold hardiness of the pupae also were evaluated. Sex did not significantly affect the SCP, LT50, or LLTime. However, the mean SCP of diapausing pupae ( -19.3 degrees C) was significantly lower than nondiapausing pupae (-16.4 degrees C). Acclimation of nondiapausing pupae to constant temperatures from 10 to 20 degrees C before supercooling also produced a significantly lower SCP than nondiapausing pupae held at 25 C. The LT(50)s of nondiapausing and diapausing were not significantly different, but confirmed that H. zea pupae are chill-intolerant because these lethal temperatures are warmer than the corresponding mean SCPs. Diapausing pupae survived longer than nondiapausing pupae at the same, constant, cold temperatures, a finding consistent with the SCP results. Both of these results suggest enhanced cold hardiness in diapausing pupae. When laboratory results were compared with field temperatures and observed distributions of H. zea in the contiguous United States, the laboratory results corroborated what is currently perceived to be the northern overwintering limit of H. zea; approximately the 40th parallel. Moreover, our research showed that areas north of this limit are lethal to overwintering pupae not because of low temperature extremes, but rather the length of time spent at near-zero temperatures. C1 [Morey, A. C.; Hutchison, W. D.; Burkness, E. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Venette, R. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Morey, AC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM morey041@umn.edu FU University of Minnesota College of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Sciences FX We thank C. Blanco and G. Roberts for graciously supplying earworm larvae. We also thank S. Kells and M. Eaton for equipment lending and technical advice, and J. Traxler for specimen processing. This work was funded by a Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Fellowship for Graduate Study from the University of Minnesota College of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Sciences. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1603/EN11026 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400020 PM 22525073 ER PT J AU Semeao, AA Campbell, JF Beeman, RW Lorenzen, MD Whitworth, RJ Sloderbeck, PE AF Semeao, Altair A. Campbell, James F. Beeman, Richard W. Lorenzen, Marce D. Whitworth, R. Jeff Sloderbeck, Phillip E. TI Genetic Structure of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Populations in Mills SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; genetic structure; F-ST; genetic fingerprinting; bottleneck ID MICROSATELLITE NULL ALLELES; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; FREQUENCY DATA; MARKERS; FUMIGATION; DIFFERENTIATION; BEETLE; BOTTLENECKS; DYNAMICS; HERBST AB The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is primarily found associated with human structures such as wheat and rice mills. Such structures are predicted to be spatially isolated resource patches with frequent population bottlenecks that should influence their genetic structure. Genetic diversity and differentiation among nine populations of T. castaneum collected from wheat and rice mills (ranging from < 1-5,700 km apart) were investigated using eight polymorphic loci (microsatellites and other insertion-deletion polymoiphisms, each with 3-14 alleles). Seventy-two locus-by-population combinations were evaluated, of which 31 deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, all because of a deficiency of heterozygotes. AMOVA analysis indicated significant differences among populations, with 8.3% of the variation in allele frequency resulting from comparisons among populations, and commodity type and geographic region not significant factors. Although there were significant differences in genetic differentiation among populations (F-ST values = 0.018-0.149), genetic distance was not significantly correlated with geographic distance. Correct assignment to the source population was successful for only 56% of individuals collected. Further analyses confirmed the occurrence of recent genetic bottlenecks in five out of nine populations. These results provide evidence that populations of T. castaneum collected from mills show spatial genetic structure, but the poor ability to assign individuals to source populations and lack of isolation by distance suggest greater levels of gene flow than predicted originally. C1 [Campbell, James F.; Beeman, Richard W.; Lorenzen, Marce D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Semeao, Altair A.; Whitworth, R. Jeff] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sloderbeck, Phillip E.] Kansas State Univ, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM james.campbell@ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU USDA CSREES RAMP [2005-51101-02358]; USDA [2006-51102-03588] FX We would like to thank Richard Hammel and Teresa O'Leary for technical support, rice and flour mill cooperators for access to sites to collect beetles, and George Opit for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. This study was supported in part by USDA CSREES RAMP grant (Agreement No. 2005-51101-02358) and USDA Methyl Bromide Alternative grant (Agreement No. 2006-51102-03588). NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 188 EP 199 DI 10.1603/EN11207 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400022 PM 22525075 ER PT J AU Kang, J Onstad, DW Hellmich, RL Moser, SE Hutchison, WD Prasifka, JR AF Kang, J. Onstad, D. W. Hellmich, R. L. Moser, S. E. Hutchison, W. D. Prasifka, J. R. TI Modeling the Impact of Cross-pollination and Low Toxin Expression in Corn Kernels on Adaptation of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Transgenic Insecticidal Corn SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt corn; resistance management; simulation ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PYRALIDAE POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; SEED MIXTURES; NON-BT; MAIZE; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR AB We used a mathematical model with processes reflecting larval mortality resulting from feeding on cross-pollinated ears or Bt ears of corn to analyze the risk of evolution of Cry-toxin resistance in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). In the simulations, evolution of resistance was delayed equally well by both seed mixtures and blocks with the same proportion of refuge. Our results showed that Bt-pollen drift has little impact on the evolution of Bt resistance in O. nubilalis. However, low-toxin expression in ears of transgenic corn can reduce the durability of transgenic corn expressing single toxin, whereas durability of pyramided corn hybrids is not significantly reduced. The toxin-survival rate of heterozygous larvae in Bt-corn ears expressing one or two proteins has more impact on evolution of Bt resistance in O. nubilalis than the parameters related to larval movement to Bt ears or the toxin-survival rate of the homozygous susceptible larvae in Bt ears. Bt resistance evolves slower when toxin mortality is distributed across the first two larval stadia than when only the first instars are susceptible to Bt toxins. We suggest that stakeholders examine toxin-survival rates for insect pests and take into account that instars may feed on different parts of Bt corn. C1 [Kang, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Onstad, D. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hellmich, R. L.; Moser, S. E.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, R. L.; Moser, S. E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moser, S. E.] Pioneer Hibred, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Hutchison, W. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Prasifka, J. R.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kang, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames [3025]; USDA [2007-39211-18461]; Barry Pittendrigh's lab FX This research was a joint contribution from the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames (Project3025). Research was funded by a grant from the USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research Grants Program (2007-39211-18461). We thank Barry Pittendrigh's lab for the academic and financial support. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 200 EP 211 DI 10.1603/EN11133 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885TT UT WOS:000299804400023 PM 22649850 ER PT J AU Yamazaki, J Taby, R Vasanthakumar, A Macrae, T Ostler, KR Shen, LL Kantarjian, HM Estecio, MR Jelinek, J Godley, LA Issa, JPJ AF Yamazaki, Jumpei Taby, Rodolphe Vasanthakumar, Aparna Macrae, Trisha Ostler, Kelly R. Shen, Lanlan Kantarjian, Hagop M. Estecio, Marcos R. Jelinek, Jaroslav Godley, Lucy A. Issa, Jean-Pierre J. TI Effects of TET2 mutations on DNA methylation in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia SO EPIGENETICS LA English DT Article DE TET2; DNA methylation; mutation; CMML; promoter ID CELL SELF-RENEWAL; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES; MYELOID MALIGNANCIES; DNMT3A MUTATIONS; IDH2 MUTATIONS; MUTANT TET2; NEOPLASMS; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE; TRANSCRIPTION; CONVERSION AB TET2 enzymatically converts 5-methyl-cytosine to 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine, possibly leading to loss of DNA methylation. TET2 mutations are common in myeloid leukemia and were proposed to contribute to leukemogenesis through DNA methylation. To expand on this concept, we studied chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) samples. TET2 missense or nonsense mutations were detected in 53% (16/30) of patients. In contrast, only 1/30 patient had a mutation in IDH1 or IDH2, and none of them had a mutation in DNMT3A in the sites most frequently mutated in leukemia. Using bisulfite pyrosequencing, global methylation measured by the LINE-1 assay and DNA methylation levels of 10 promoter CpG islands frequently abnormal in myeloid leukemia were not different between TET2 mutants and wild-type CMML cases. This was also true for 9 out of 11 gene promoters reported by others as differentially methylated by TET2 mutations. We found that two non-CpG island promoters, AIM2 and SP140, were hypermethylated in patients with mutant TET2. These were the only two gene promoters (out of 14,475 genes) previously found to be hypermethylated in TET2 mutant cases. However, total 5-methyl-cytosine levels in TET2 mutant cases were significantly higher than TET2 wild-type cases (median = 14.0% and 9.8%, respectively) (p = 0.016). Thus, TET2 mutations affect global methylation in CMML but most of the changes are likely to be outside gene promoters. C1 [Yamazaki, Jumpei; Taby, Rodolphe; Kantarjian, Hagop M.; Estecio, Marcos R.; Jelinek, Jaroslav; Issa, Jean-Pierre J.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Vasanthakumar, Aparna; Macrae, Trisha; Ostler, Kelly R.; Godley, Lucy A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Sect Hematol & Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Shen, Lanlan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Issa, Jean-Pierre J.] Temple Univ, Fels Inst Canc Res & Mol Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Issa, JPJ (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jpissa@temple.edu RI Yamazaki, Jumpei/A-3360-2012; Jelinek, Jaroslav/D-2282-2012 OI Jelinek, Jaroslav/0000-0002-2533-0220 FU National Institutes of Health [CA100632, CA121104, CA046939, CA129831, CA129831-03S1]; American Association for Cancer Research; F.M. Kirby Foundation FX The authors thank the patients who have contributed to our understanding of these disorders. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants CA100632, CA121104 and CA046939 (to J.P.I.) and CA129831 and CA129831-03S1 (to L.A.G.) and supported by a Stand Up to Cancer grant from the American Association for Cancer Research. J.P.I. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research professor supported by a generous gift from the F.M. Kirby Foundation. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1559-2294 J9 EPIGENETICS-US JI Epigenetics PD FEB PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.4161/epi.7.2.19015 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 890OR UT WOS:000300154600012 PM 22395470 ER PT J AU Cox, CL Stanhope, KL Schwarz, JM Graham, JL Hatcher, B Griffen, SC Bremer, AA Berglund, L McGahan, JP Havel, PJ Keim, NL AF Cox, C. L. Stanhope, K. L. Schwarz, J. M. Graham, J. L. Hatcher, B. Griffen, S. C. Bremer, A. A. Berglund, L. McGahan, J. P. Havel, P. J. Keim, N. L. TI Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks reduces net fat oxidation and energy expenditure in overweight/obese men and women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fructose; fat oxidation; carbohydrate oxidation; energy expenditure; metabolic rate; humans ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE; METABOLISM; HUMANS; THERMOGENESIS; LIPIDS; DIET; INDIVIDUALS; WEIGHT; MEAL AB Background/Objectives: The results of short-term studies in humans suggest that, compared with glucose, acute consumption of fructose leads to increased postprandial energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation and decreased postprandial fat oxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effects of increased fructose consumption compared with isocaloric glucose consumption on substrate utilization and energy expenditure following sustained consumption and under energy-balanced conditions. Subjects/Methods: part of a parallel arm study, overweight/obese male and female subjects, 40-72 years, consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 weeks. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization were assessed using indirect calorimetry at baseline and during the 10th week of intervention. Results: Consumption of fructose, but not glucose, led to significant decreases of net postprandial fat oxidation and significant increases of net postprandial carbohydrate oxidation (P<0.0001 for both). Resting energy expenditure (REE) decreased significantly from baseline values in subjects consuming fructose (P=0.031) but not in those consuming glucose. Conclusions: Increased consumption of fructose for 10 weeks leads to marked changes of postprandial substrate utilization including a significant reduction of net fat oxidation. In addition, we report that REE is reduced compared with baseline values in subjects consuming fructose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2012) 66, 201-208; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.159; published online 28 September 2011 C1 [Keim, N. L.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cox, C. L.; Stanhope, K. L.; Graham, J. L.; Hatcher, B.; Havel, P. J.; Keim, N. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanhope, K. L.; Graham, J. L.; Havel, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schwarz, J. M.] Touro Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Basic Sci, Vallejo, CA USA. [Griffen, S. C.; Berglund, L.] UCD Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA USA. [Bremer, A. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [McGahan, J. P.] UCD Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Keim, NL (reprint author), USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Nancy.Keim@ars.usda.gov FU NIH [R01HL-075675, HL-091333, AT-002599, AT-002993, AT-003545]; UC Davis Clinical and Translational Science Center [UL1 RR024146]; American Diabetes Association; USDA-ARS CRIS [5306-51530-019-00D] FX We thank Marinelle Nunez, Brandi Bair, Rebecca Stewart, Sara Wuehler, Barbara Gale, Artem Dyachenko and Patrick Lam for their excellent technical support and Nicole Mullen and the nursing staff at CCRC for their dedicated nursing support. We also thank Janet Peerson for expert advice on the statistical analysis of the data. This research was supported with funding from NIH Grant R01HL-075675. The project also received support from the UC Davis Clinical and Translational Science Center (Grant UL1 RR024146). Dr Havel's laboratory also received support from NIH Grants HL-091333, AT-002599, AT-002993, and AT-003545 and the American Diabetes Association. NL Keim's research was supported by intramural USDA-ARS CRIS 5306-51530-019-00D. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 EI 1476-5640 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2011.159 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 888DN UT WOS:000299984100009 PM 21952692 ER PT J AU Vittal, R Yang, HC Hartman, GL AF Vittal, R. Yang, H. -C. Hartman, G. L. TI Anastomosis of germ tubes and migration of nuclei in germ tube networks of the soybean rust pathogen, Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heterokaryosis; Hyphal anastomosis; DAPI; Nuclear migration; Somatic hybridization; Soybean rust ID PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; FUNGUS; WHEAT; RECOMBINATION; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; FUNGICIDE; SEVERITY; FUSION AB An important mechanism for genetic diversity in filamentous fungi is hyphal anastomosis and the formation of heterokaryons. In this study, we observed fusion of germ tubes in germinating urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi resulting in a complex hyphal network. Staining of the germ tubes derived from P. pachyrhizi urediniospores with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) showed migration of nuclei through the network resulting in multinucleate hyphae. Short bridges connecting the hyphal network tubes were also observed. Our study provides the first evidence of germ tube and hyphal anastomosis, and nuclear migration in P. pachyrhizi. Considering the lack of a known sexual stage of P. pachyrhizi, this hyphal anastomosis followed by the parasexual cycle may explain the genetic diversity in virulence among populations of P. pachyrhizi. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vittal, R.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yang, H. -C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu RI Yang, Hui-Ching/K-4901-2012 OI Yang, Hui-Ching/0000-0001-6560-2537 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9872-5 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887JJ UT WOS:000299922600001 ER PT J AU Ali, H ul Haq, MA Shah, TM Rahman, MU Chen, WD AF Ali, Hina ul Haq, Muhammad Ahsan Shah, Tariq Mahmud Rahman, Mehboob Ur Chen, Weidong TI Validation of molecular markers for resistance among Pakistani chickpea germplasm to races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceris; Wilt; Chickpea; Molecular marker; Races ID ARIETINUM L.; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT; WILT RESISTANCE; GENE; LINKAGE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; INHERITANCE; DISEASE; RAPD AB DNA markers in chickpea, targetting resistance genes for different races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris (Foc), have been identified in chickpea, but validation of these markers is essential for effective use in resistance breeding. In view of this, different simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were analysed in Pakistani germplasm including induced mutants and some local lines. Most of the SSR markers showed good correlation with phenotypic evaluation of genotypes to different races of Foc and may be used effectively in resistance breeding, except those markers for race 3. Markers for race 3 showed deviations from phenotypic data and the reason might be that race 3 is actually Fusarium proliferatum as reported recently and resistance to this race might involve some other major resistance genes. Poor correlation of markers with foc-3 on LG2 in our study and a recent report of independent segregation of foc-2 and foc-3 in near isogenic lines suggested that linkage distances among different resistance genes need further investigation. Moreover three Pakistanimutant lines (97477, CM444/92 and CM368/93) depicted high levels of resistance to Foc races and can be deployed as a valuable source in resistance breeding programmes. C1 [Ali, Hina; ul Haq, Muhammad Ahsan; Shah, Tariq Mahmud] Nucl Inst Agr & Biol, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Rahman, Mehboob Ur] Natl Inst Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Chen, Weidong] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ali, H (reprint author), Nucl Inst Agr & Biol, Faisalabad, Pakistan. EM hinali991@hotmail.com RI shah, tariq/G-8303-2012; shah, Tariqmahmud/D-2767-2017 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9868-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887JJ UT WOS:000299922600008 ER PT J AU Lin, H Islam, MS Bai, Y Wen, A Lan, SQ Gudmestad, NC Civerolo, EL AF Lin, Hong Islam, Md Sajedul Bai, Yang Wen, Amin Lan, Suque Gudmestad, Neil C. Civerolo, Edwin L. TI Genetic diversity of 'Cadidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' strains in the United States and Mexico revealed by simple sequence repeat markers SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zebra chip (ZC); 'Cadidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'; Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; Genetic diversity ID BACTERICERA-COCKERELLI SULC; ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; 1ST REPORT; POTATO; PROGRAM; CITRUS AB 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' is associated with the Zebra Chip (ZC) disorder of potatoes. A panel of eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was developed and used to genetically characterize 'Ca. L. solanacearum' strains obtained from ZC-affected potato plants in the United States and Mexico. The multilocus SSR markers in this study effectively differentiated genotypes and estimated genetic diversity of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' strains. Genotype assignment analyses identified two major lineages of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' in the North American populations while only one lineage type was identified in Mexican population. No clear genetic structure was found among haplotypes based on geographical proximity or host. The high resolution power of the SSR marker system developed in this study provides a useful tool for genotyping closely related strains and tracking sources of the pathogen. Genotype information combined with epidemiological data will advance knowledge of ZC disease and will facilitate development of effective disease management. C1 [Lin, Hong; Islam, Md Sajedul; Bai, Yang; Lan, Suque] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Bai, Yang] Guangxi Citrus Res Inst, Guilin, Peoples R China. [Wen, Amin; Gudmestad, Neil C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Lan, Suque] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Cereal & Oil Crops, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Hong.Lin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI) FX This work was supported by 2009 USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI). Trade names or commercial products in this publication are mentioned solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s10658-011-9874-3 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887JJ UT WOS:000299922600013 ER PT J AU Jackson, DP Dumroese, RK Barnett, JP AF Jackson, D. Paul Dumroese, R. Kasten Barnett, James P. TI Nursery response of container Pinus palustris seedlings to nitrogen supply and subsequent effects on outplanting performance SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fertilization; Nitrogen; Seedling quality; Longleaf pine; Grass stage; Container seedling ID 6 GROWING SEASONS; LONGLEAF PINE; QUANTILE REGRESSION; HEIGHT GROWTH; CAVITY SIZE; FERTILIZATION; SURVIVAL; FOREST; CARBON; ESTABLISHMENT AB Container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings often survive and grow better after outplanting than bareroot seedlings. Because of this, most longleaf pine are now produced in containers. Little is known about nursery fertilization effects on the quality of container longleaf pine seedlings and how that influences outplanting performance. We compared various fertilization rates (0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg nitrogen (N) per week for 20 weeks) for two crops (2004 and 2005) of container longleaf pine, grown inside a fully-controlled greenhouse (2004 and 2005) or in an outdoor compound (2005). Seedlings grew larger in the nursery with increasing amounts of N. After 20 weeks of fertilizer treatment, seedlings received two additional fertigations at the same treatment rate to promote hardening, N concentrations declined sharply, and seedlings shifted biomass production toward roots. Overall, shoots showed more plasticity to N rate than did roots. Survival of either crop after outplanting was unaffected by nursery N rate. For both crops, no seedlings emerged from the grass stage during the first year after outplanting, and during the second year, more seedlings exited the grass stage and were taller as N rate increased up to 3 mg per week. By the third field season, nearly all seedlings in the 2004 crop had exited the grass stage, whereas 44% of 2005 crop grown at 1 mg N had yet to initiate height growth, either because of differences in seed source between the two crop years or because of droughty conditions. Our data suggests that an application rate of about 3 mg N per week for 20 weeks plus two additional applications during hardening yields satisfactory nursery growth as well as field response for the container type we used. The potential for improving field performance by using more robust fall fertilization during nursery production should be investigated. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, D. Paul] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, So Forest Nursery Management Cooperat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Barnett, James P.] USDA, Forest Serv Emeritus, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Jackson, DP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, So Forest Nursery Management Cooperat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dpj0001@auburn.edu NR 59 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 265 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.018 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888CR UT WOS:000299981900001 ER PT J AU Lilly, CJ Will, RE Tauer, CG Guldin, JM Spetich, MA AF Lilly, Curtis J. Will, Rodney E. Tauer, Charles G. Guldin, James M. Spetich, Martin A. TI Factors affecting the sprouting of shortleaf pine rootstock following prescribed fire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Basal crook; Fire; Sprouting; Shortleaf pine; Temperature ID SOIL TEMPERATURES; FOREST AB Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) is a fire dependent species that is declining across the southeastern US. Its unique basal crook is an adaptation that protects dormant buds from fire and facilitates prolific sprouting of seedling rootstocks following top-kill. Understanding what influences shortleaf pine sprouting after fire could greatly increase success of natural regeneration efforts. We examined the relationship between sprouting and seedling size, basal crook depth, and maximum basal crook temperature of shortleaf pine seedlings following a mid-intensity prescribed fire in the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest of northwestern AR, US. We hypothesized that larger seedlings with deeper buried crooks would exhibit greater sprouting after top-kill from fire. A total of 195 seedlings were measured for a variety of site, size, and fire damage characteristics. 'Simulated crooks' were constructed and calibrated to estimate basal crook temperature and were buried adjacent to each seedling. Prescribed fires were implemented during the early growing season, resulting in a wide range of seedling damage from slightly charred stems to complete immolation of aboveground biomass. Fourteen of 195 seedlings were not top-killed and were larger and experienced lower crown scorch than those that were top-killed. Of the 181 seedlings that suffered top-kill, 72 did not sprout and died. Over the course of the growing season 40 of the sprouted seedlings died. Sprouted seedlings that survived the entire growing season had similar size and crook soil depths as seedlings that initially died and were smaller (ground line diameter of 1.5 vs. 3.1 cm) with shallower crook depth (0.2 vs. 0.7 cm) than seedlings that sprouted and later died. Crook temperature and crown scorch values were similar among sprouted seedlings that lived and died, but were lower than for seedlings that never sprouted. These results suggest that the ability of top-killed seedlings to sprout following fire is sensitive to heat and fire damage, while the ability of a seedling to survive once sprouted decreases with seedling size. Low intensity fires when seedlings are 1-2 cm in diameter can be used to bank seedlings until adequate stocking is achieved or until regeneration cutting can be timed with a bumper seed crop to supplement existing advanced regeneration. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lilly, Curtis J.; Will, Rodney E.; Tauer, Charles G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Guldin, James M.; Spetich, Martin A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. RP Will, RE (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM rodney.will@okstate.edu RI Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011 FU Oklahoma Experiment Station; US Forest Service FX We thank the Oklahoma Experiment Station for providing funding for this project, as well as the US Forest Service for funding of materials. We thank Virginia McDaniel, Ed Lorenzi, Rodolfo Mota, and Giulia Caterina for help in the field. We also thank the personnel on the Big Piney Ranger District of the Ozark-St. Francis NF for conducting the prescribed burning in the field. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 265 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.020 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888CR UT WOS:000299981900002 ER PT J AU Zhang, DP Martinez, WJ Johnson, ES Somarriba, E Phillips-Mora, W Astorga, C Mischke, S Meinhardt, LW AF Zhang, Dapeng July Martinez, Windson Johnson, Elizabeth S. Somarriba, Eduardo Phillips-Mora, Wilberth Astorga, Carlos Mischke, Sue Meinhardt, Lyndel W. TI Genetic diversity and spatial structure in a new distinct Theobroma cacao L. population in Bolivia SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alto Beni; Bolivia; Theobroma cacao; Spatial genetic structure; Wild population ID IDENTIFICATION AB Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop in the Bolivian Amazon. Bolivian farmers both cultivate cacao, and extract fruits from wild stands in the Beni River region and in valleys of the Andes foothills. The germplasm group traditionally used is presently referred to as "Cacao Nacional Boliviano" (CNB). Using DNA fingerprinting technology based on microsatellite markers, we genotyped 164 Bolivian cacao accessions, including both cultivated and wild CNB accessions sampled from the Amazonian regions of La Paz and Beni, and compared their SSR profiles with 78 reference Forastero accessions from Amazonian cacao populations, including germplasm from the Ucayali region of Peru. Results of multivariate ordination and analysis of molecular variance show that CNB cacao has a unique genetic profile that is significantly different from the known cacao germplasm groups in South America. The results also show that cultivated CNB and wild CNB populations in the Beni River share a similar genetic profile, suggesting that the cultivated CNB is of indigenous origin in Bolivia. The level of genetic diversity, measured by allele richness and gene diversity in the Bolivian cacao, is moderately high, but was significantly lower than gene diversity in the other Amazonian cacao populations. Significant spatial genetic structure was detected in the wild CNB population, using analysis of autocorrelation (rc = 0.232; P < 0.001) and Mantel tests (Rxy = 0.276; P < 0.001). This finding is also highly valuable to support in situ conservation and sustainable use of CNB genetic diversity in Bolivia. C1 [Zhang, Dapeng; Johnson, Elizabeth S.; Mischke, Sue; Meinhardt, Lyndel W.] ARS, USDA, PSI SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [July Martinez, Windson; Somarriba, Eduardo; Phillips-Mora, Wilberth; Astorga, Carlos] CATIE, Div Res & Dev, Turrialba, Costa Rica. RP Zhang, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PSI SPCL, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,Rm 223, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dapeng.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 2 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10722-011-9680-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 889IO UT WOS:000300067100008 ER PT J AU Weber, TE Kerr, BJ AF Weber, T. E. Kerr, B. J. TI Metabolic effects of dietary sugar beet pulp or wheat bran in growing female pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beet pulp; dietary fiber; energy metabolism; pig; wheat bran ID MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ORGAN WEIGHTS; BODY-WEIGHT; FIBER; DIGESTA; MICE; DIGESTIBILITY; OBESITY AB An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a moderate level of 2 different fiber sources on energy metabolites; mitochondrial biogenesis in the intestine, liver, and muscle; and the expression of some genes that regulate energy metabolism in intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Female pigs (n = 36; BW = 15.0 +/- 0.7 kg) were fed diets containing no added fiber, 12.5% sugar beet pulp (SBP), or 12.5% wheat bran (WB) for 24 d. Blood samples were collected on d 7 and 24 for cholesterol, glucose, NEFA, and triglyceride analyses. At completion of the experiment, ileum, colon, subcutaneous adipose, and LM samples were obtained from a subset (n = 6) of pigs fed each diet for analysis of tissue mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mRNA abundance by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Glycogen and triglyceride content of liver and LM were determined, and colon content VFA was also determined. The addition of SBP or WB to the diet had no effect (P > 0.55) on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. Serum NEFA and triglycerides were increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed SBP compared with pigs fed the control diet or WB on d 7, and NEFA remained increased (P < 0.05) on d 24 in pigs fed SBP. Dietary fiber had no effect (P > 0.24) on glycogen and triglyceride content of liver or LM, but colonic acetate concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed either SBP or WB. Pigs fed WB had an increased (P < 0.05) mtDNA content in ileum tissue and increased (P < 0.05) citrate synthase mRNA in colon tissue. In the liver, feeding either SBP or WB led to a decrease (P < 0.05) in mtDNA content, whereas feeding WB decreased (P < 0.05) mtDNA abundance in the LM, and feeding either SBP or WB decreased (P < 0.05) expression of citrate synthase mRNA. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed that feeding WB increased (P < 0.05) proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA abundance in the ileum and colon. Feeding WB increased (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PPAR coactivator 1 a, in ileum tissue, and increased (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of another mediator of mitochondrial biogensis, sirtuin 1, in colon tissue. Colonic mRNA expression of fasting-induced adipose factor was increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed either SBP or WB, and adipose triglyceride lipase mRNA abundance was increased (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue of pigs fed SBP. These data indicate that increasing dietary fiber can increase the capacity of the intestine for oxidative metabolism and induce a repartitioning of energy metabolites depending on fiber source. C1 [Weber, T. E.; Kerr, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Weber, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.weber@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 90 IS 2 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3613 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 888JY UT WOS:000300001000015 PM 21926324 ER PT J AU Speight, SM Estienne, MJ Harper, AF Barb, CR Pringle, TD AF Speight, S. M. Estienne, M. J. Harper, A. F. Barb, C. R. Pringle, T. D. TI Effects of organic selenium supplementation on growth performance, carcass measurements, tissue selenium concentrations, characteristics of reproductive organs, and testis gene expression profiles in boars SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boar; carcass; growth; selenium ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; DIETARY SELENIUM; VITAMIN-E; YOUNG BOARS; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; SODIUM SELENITE; ENRICHED YEAST; EFFICACY; PROGENY AB The objective was to compare growth and physiological responses in boars fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic sources of Se. At weaning, crossbred boars (n = 117; 8.3 kg of BW) were placed in nursery pens (3 boars/pen) and assigned within BW blocks to receive on an ad libitum basis 1 of 3 dietary treatments: I) basal diets with no supplemental Se (controls), II) basal diets supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of organic Se, and III) basal diets supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite (13 pens/dietary treatment). Average daily gain (470 g/d), ADFI (896 g/d), and G:F (0.54) were similar among groups. Blood Se concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for boars consuming organic Se (107.5 +/- 4.8 mu g/L) or sodium selenite (114.7 +/- 4.8 mu g/L) compared with controls (28.4 +/- 4.8 mu g/L). Intact pens of boars (11 pens/dietary treatment) were moved to a grow-finish barn and continued to receive appropriate diets on an ad libitum basis. Average daily gain (1,045 g/d) and ADFI (2,716 g/d) were similar among groups. Gain:feed was affected by treatment (P = 0.02) and was greater (P < 0.06) for boars fed organic Se (0.378 +/- 0.004) compared with boars fed sodium selenite (0.368 +/- 0.004) or controls (0.363 +/- 0.004). Blood Se concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in grow-finish boars consuming organic Se (198.9 +/- 5.5 mu g/L) than boars consuming sodium selenite (171.4 +/- 5.4 mu g/L) or controls (26.7 +/- 5.4 mu g/L). Treatment did not affect (P > 0.15) HCW, dressing percent, carcass length, LM area, standardized fat-free lean, lean percentage, backfat thickness, visual color, firmness, marbling, or Minolta loin color scores. Selenium supplementation did not affect (P > 0.17) testis or accessory sex gland sizes. Concentrations of Se in loin, liver, kidney, testis, cauda epididymis, and accessory sex glands were greatest (P < 0.01) in boars receiving organic Se, intermediate in boars receiving sodum selenite, and least in control boars. Microarray analysis of testis gene expression did not detect differences (P > 0.05) due to dietary treatment. Testis gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, as determined using quantitative PCR, was increased (P < 0.01) in boars fed organic Se compared with those fed sodium selenite. In summary, dietary supplementation of boars with organic Se failed to alter ADG or ADFI but enhanced G: F during grow-finish. More research is needed to discern the mechanism by which organic Se improves feed efficiency in boars. C1 [Speight, S. M.; Estienne, M. J.; Harper, A. F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Barb, C. R.] ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Pringle, T. D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Estienne, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mestienn@vt.edu FU Alltech Inc. (Nicholasville, KY); Virginia Pork Industry Board (Richmond); Virginia Agricultural Council (Richmond); Hatch funds [VA-135759] FX This research was supported by Alltech Inc. (Nicholasville, KY), the Virginia Pork Industry Board (Richmond), the Virginia Agricultural Council (Richmond), and Hatch funds allocated to Virginia Tech (Project No. VA-135759). The authors express sincere appreciation for exemplary technical assistance provided by T. Lee and R. Crawford, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech; R. Crowe, Animal and Dairy Science Meats Lab, University of Georgia; L. Lee-Rutherford, USDA-ARS (Athens, GA); and D. Blodgett and B. Wise, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Toxicology Lab (Blacksburg, VA). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 90 IS 2 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3747 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 888JY UT WOS:000300001000016 PM 21948612 ER PT J AU Klotz, JL Brown, KR Xue, Y Matthews, JC Boling, JA Burris, WR Bush, LP Strickland, JR AF Klotz, J. L. Brown, K. R. Xue, Y. Matthews, J. C. Boling, J. A. Burris, W. R. Bush, L. P. Strickland, J. R. TI Alterations in serotonin receptor-induced contractility of bovine lateral saphenous vein in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; endophyte; fescue; serotonin; vasoconstriction ID DORSAL PEDAL VEIN; 5-HT RECEPTORS; DOPAMINE-RECEPTORS; ERGOVALINE; 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE; ARTERY; ALKALOIDS; VASOCONSTRICTION; RELAXATION; ACTIVATION AB As part of a 2-yr study documenting the physiologic impact of grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue on growing cattle, 2 experiments were conducted to characterize and evaluate effects of grazing 2 levels of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures on vascular contractility and serotonin receptors. Experiment 1 examined vasoconstrictive activities of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), alpha-methylserotonin (ME5HT; a 5HT(2) receptor agonist), D-lysergic acid (LSA), and ergovaline (ERV) on lateral saphenous veins collected from steers immediately removed from a high-endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture (HE) or a low-endophyte-infected mixed-grass (LE) pasture. Using the same pastures, Exp. 2 evaluated effects of grazing 2 levels of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue on vasoconstrictive activities of (perpendicular to)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI), BW 723C86 (BW7), CGS-12066A (CGS), and 5-carboxamidotryptamine hemiethanolate maleate (5CT), agonists for 5HT(2A, 2B), 5HT(1B), and 5HT(7) receptors, respectively. One-half of the steers in Exp. 2 were slaughtered immediately after removal from pasture, and the other one-half were fed finishing diets for >91 d before slaughter. For Exp. 1, maximal contractile intensities were greater (P < 0.05) for steers grazing LE pastures than HE pastures for 5HT (73.3 vs. 48.9 perpendicular to 2.1%), ME5HT (52.7 vs. 24.9 perpendicular to 1.5%), and ERV (65.7 vs. 49.1 perpendicular to 2.6%). Onset of contractile response did not differ for 5HT (P = 0.26) and ERV (P = 0.93), but onset of ME5HT contraction was not initiated (P < 0.05) in HE steers until 10(-4) compared with 10(-5) M in LE-grazing steers. For Exp. 2, maximal contractile intensities achieved with DOI were 35% less (P < 0.05), whereas those achieved with 5CT were 37% greater (P < 0.05), in steers grazing HE pastures. Contractile response to CGS did not differ between pasture groups, and there was an absence of contractile response to BW7 in both groups. There were no differences between endophyte content in contractile responses after animals were finished for >91 d. Experiment 1 demonstrated that grazing of HE pastures for 89 to 105 d induces functional alterations in blood vessels, as evidenced by reduced contractile capacity and altered serotonergic receptor activity. Experiment 2 demonstrated that grazing HE pastures alters vascular responses, which may be mediated through altered serotonin receptor activities, and these alterations may be ameliorated by the removal of ergot alkaloid exposure as demonstrated by the absence of differences in finished steers. C1 [Klotz, J. L.; Strickland, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Brown, K. R.; Xue, Y.; Matthews, J. C.; Boling, J. A.; Burris, W. R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Klotz, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM james.klotz@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 90 IS 2 BP 682 EP 693 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4323 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 888JY UT WOS:000300001000032 PM 22274863 ER PT J AU Daly, C Widrlechner, MP Halbleib, MD Smith, JI Gibson, WP AF Daly, Christopher Widrlechner, Mark P. Halbleib, Michael D. Smith, Joseph I. Gibson, Wayne P. TI Development of a New USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map for the United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SEED STERILITY; TILIA-CORDATA; PRECIPITATION; INTERPOLATION; CANADA; LIMITS; MODEL AB In many regions of the world, the extremes of winter cold are a major determinant of the geographic distribution of perennial plant species and of their successful cultivation. In the United States, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) is the primary reference for defining geospatial patterns of extreme winter cold for the horticulture and nursery industries, home gardeners, agrometeorologists, and plant scientists. This paper describes the approaches followed for updating the USDA PHZM, the last version of which was published in 1990. The new PHZM depicts 1976-2005 mean annual extreme minimum temperature, in 2.8 degrees C (5 degrees F) half zones, for the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Station data were interpolated to a grid with the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate-mapping system. PRISM accounts for the effects of elevation, terrain-induced airmass blockage, coastal effects, temperature inversions, and cold-air pooling on extreme minimum temperature patterns. Climatologically aided interpolation was applied, based on the 1971-2000 mean minimum temperature of the coldest month as the predictor grid. Evaluation of a standard-deviation map and two 15-yr maps (1976-90 and 1991-2005 averaging periods) revealed substantial vertical and horizontal gradients in trend and variability, especially in complex terrain. The new PHZM is generally warmer by one 2.8 degrees C (5 degrees F) half zone than the previous PHZM throughout much of the United States, as a result of a more recent averaging period. Nonetheless, a more sophisticated interpolation technique, greater physiographic detail, and more comprehensive station data were the main causes of zonal changes in complex terrain, especially in the western United States. The updated PHZM can be accessed online (http://www.planthardiness.ars.usda.gov). C1 [Daly, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, PRISM Climate Grp, Kelley Engn Ctr 2000, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA USA. RP Daly, C (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, PRISM Climate Grp, Kelley Engn Ctr 2000, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM chris.daly@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-ARS; Oregon State University; USDA-NRCS FX We thank William Graves for locating an obscure reference. We also thank internal reviewers Peter Bretting, Jan Curtis, and Elwynn Taylor and three anonymous outside reviewers for providing useful comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. We extend appreciation to the members of the Technical Review Team for guiding the map development process and providing valuable comments on the draft PHZM. We thank Phil Fastens and Jan Curtis of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) for facilitating the relationship between the USDA-ARS and Oregon State University that resulted in the updated PHZM. Funding for this work was provided by the USDA-ARS through a Specific Cooperative Agreement with Oregon State University. Funding for the development of the 1971-2000 mean minimum temperature grids that served as the basis for interpolation of the PHZM was provided by the USDA-NRCS. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 242 EP 264 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2536.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 889JQ UT WOS:000300070400005 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Yadav, AS Hwang, CA Sheen, S Mukhopadhyay, S Friedman, M AF Juneja, Vijay K. Yadav, Ajit S. Hwang, Cheng-An Sheen, Shiowshuh Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Friedman, Mendel TI Kinetics of Thermal Destruction of Salmonella in Ground Chicken Containing trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Carvacrol SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BREAST MEAT; INACTIVATION; BEEF; TEMPERATURE; SENFTENBERG; PATHOGENS; RECOVERY; ENTERICA; ENZYMES AB We investigated the heat resistance of an eight-strain cocktail of Salmonella serovars in chicken supplemented with trans-cinnamaldehyde (0 to 1.0%, wt/wt) and carvacrol (0 to 1.0%, wt/wt). Inoculated meat was packaged in bags that were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55 to 71 degrees C for predetermined lengths of time. The recovery medium was tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. D-values in chicken, determined by linear regression, were 17.45, 2.89, 0.75, and 0.29 min at 55, 60, 65, and 71 degrees C, respectively (z = 9.02 degrees C). Using a survival model for nonlinear survival curves, D-values in chicken ranged from 13.52 min (D-1, major population) and 51.99 min (D-2, heat-resistant subpopulation) at 55 degrees C to 0.15 min (D-1) and 1.49 min (D-2) at 71 degrees C. When the Salmonella cocktail was in chicken supplemented with 0.1 to 1.0% trans-cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol, D-values calculated by both approaches were consistently less at all temperatures. This observation suggests that the addition of natural antimicrobials to chicken renders Salmonella serovars more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat. Thermal death times from this study will be beneficial to the food industry in designing hazard analysis and critical control point plans to effectively eliminate Salmonella contamination in chicken products used in this study. C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.; Hwang, Cheng-An; Sheen, Shiowshuh; Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Yadav, Ajit S.] Cent Avian Res Inst, Food Microbiol Lab, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, USDA, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 75 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-307 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 887YB UT WOS:000299969900010 PM 22289589 ER PT J AU Xia, XD Luo, YG Yang, Y Vinyard, B Schneider, K Meng, JH AF Xia, Xiaodong Luo, Yaguang Yang, Yang Vinyard, Bryan Schneider, Keith Meng, Jianghong TI Effects of Tomato Variety, Temperature Differential, and Post-Stem Removal Time on Internalization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Thompson in Tomatoes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; HEALTHY TOMATOES; FRESH PRODUCE; INFILTRATION; OUTBREAKS; CONTAMINATION; SUSPENSIONS; PATHOGENS AB Tomatoes have been implicated in salmonellosis outbreaks due to possible contamination through bacterial internalization during postharvest handling. This study was conducted to determine the effects of tomato variety, temperature differential between tomato pulp and bacterial suspension, and the time delay between stem removal and immersion in bacterial suspension on internalization of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in tomato fruit. Mature green tomatoes at 32.2 degrees C were immersed in water containing approximately 10(6) CFU/ml S. enterica bacteria. Different tomato varieties (Mountain Spring, Applause, and BHN961), temperature differentials (-10, 0, and 10 degrees F, or -5.6, 0, and 5.6 degrees C, respectively), and post stem removal times (0, 2, and 16 h) were evaluated for their effects on S. enterica internalization. The incidence and density of internalized cells were determined by culture enrichment and most-probable-number methods, respectively. Overall, variety and post stem removal time by variety interaction significantly affected the incidence of S. enterica internalization (P < 0.0001), while temperature differential had no significant effect (P = 0.36). Mountain Spring tomatoes were less susceptible to S. enterica internalization than were Applause and BHN961. Increasing the time interval between stem removal and immersion greatly reduced pathogen internalization in BHN961 and Applause, while it had no effect in Mountain Spring tomatoes. The variety and interactions between varieties and post stem removal times (P = 0.0363) and between temperature differentials and post stem removal times (P = 0.0257) had significant effects on the populations of internalized S. enterica. Furthermore, all internalized S. enterica cells were found within the core tissue segments immediately underneath the stem scars. C1 [Xia, Xiaodong; Luo, Yaguang; Yang, Yang] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xia, Xiaodong] NW A&F Univ, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Vinyard, Bryan] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schneider, Keith] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Meng, Jianghong] Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meng, Jianghong] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov FU Center for Produce Safety [2009-51] FX This study was partially supported by a research grant from the Center for Produce Safety (project identification no. 2009-51). We would like to thank Dr. Mike Mahovic for critical reading of the manuscript, Dr. Bin Thou, Ruth Oni, Ellen Turner. and Yitzy Paul for their technical assistance, and Dr. Xiangwu Nou for providing an S. enterica strain. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 75 IS 2 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-078 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 887YB UT WOS:000299969900011 PM 22289590 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Farrow, RL MacKinnon, KM Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Farrow, Russell L. MacKinnon, Kathryn M. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Influence of Vitamin D on Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Naturally Colonized Cattle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EXOGENOUS MELATONIN; O157-H7; BEEF; ENUMERATION; SALMONELLA; STEERS; FECES AB Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of vitamin D on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle. In the first experiment, two groups of cattle (beef and dairy) were assigned to a control treatment or to receive 0.5 x 10(6) IU vitamin D per day via oral bolus for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected before and throughout the dosing period for culture of E. coli O157:H7. No differences were observed for fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 among treatments for either beef or dairy animals. Serum concentrations of vitamin D were markedly higher (P < 0.0001) in treated beef cattle but only tended to be higher (P = 0.09) in the dairy cattle. In the second experiment, three successive vitamin D dosages (2,400, 4,800, and 9,600 IU/day; 14 days each) were administered to 14 dairy steers (7 steers served as controls), fecal samples were collected daily, and serum samples were collected weekly throughout the 42-day experimental period. No significant differences in fecal prevalence or serum vitamin D concentrations were observed for any of the vitamin D dosages. A third experiment sampled feedlot cattle (winter and summer) to determine whether serum vitamin D concentrations were correlated with fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. A fecal sample and a blood sample were obtained in each season from 60 randomly selected animals (total of 120 fecal samples and 120 corresponding blood samples). As expected, season was highly correlated (r = 0.66) with serum vitamin D concentration with higher concentrations (P < 0.01) observed in the summer. E. coli O157:H7 prevalence (percentage of positive samples) was not highly correlated (r = 0.16) with season, although the correlation tended to be significant (P = 0.08). The proportion of cattle shedding E. coli O157:H7 was 16.7 and 6.7% for the summer and winter collections, respectively. Results of this research do not support a correlation between vitamin D intake and E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle. C1 [Edrington, Tom S.; Farrow, Russell L.; MacKinnon, Kathryn M.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu FU National Cattlemen's Beef Association FX This research was funded in part by beef and veal producers and importers through their $1 per head checkoff and was produced for the Cattlemen's Beef Board and state beef councils by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 75 IS 2 BP 314 EP 319 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-335 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 887YB UT WOS:000299969900013 PM 22289592 ER PT J AU Taylor, EV Holt, KG Mahon, BE Ayers, T Norton, D Gould, LH AF Taylor, Ethel V. Holt, Kristin G. Mahon, Barbara E. Ayers, Tracy Norton, Dawn Gould, L. Hannah TI Ground Beef Consumption Patterns in the United States, Food Net, 2006 through 2007 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE-DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MULTISTATE SURVEY; PREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; CATTLE; PERCEPTIONS; SALMONELLA; INFECTION; BEHAVIORS AB Infection resulting from foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, is often associated with consumption of raw or undercooked ground beef. However, little is known about the frequency of ground beef consumption in the general population. The objective of this study was to describe patterns of self-reported ground beef and pink ground beef consumption using data from the 2006 through 2007 FoodNet Population Survey. From 1 July 2006 until 30 June 2007, residents of 10 FoodNet sites were contacted by telephone and asked about foods consumed within the previous week. The survey included questions regarding consumption of ground beef patties both inside and outside the home, the consumption of pink ground beef patties and other types of ground beef inside the home, and consumption of ground beef outside the home. Of 8,543 survey respondents, 75.3% reported consuming some type of ground beef in the home. Of respondents who ate ground beef patties in the home, 18.0% reported consuming pink ground beef. Consumption of ground beef was reported most frequently among men, persons with incomes from $40,000 to $75,000 per year, and persons with a high school or college education. Ground beef consumption was least often reported in adults >= 65 years of age. Men and persons with a graduate level education most commonly reported eating pink ground beef in the home. Reported consumption of ground beef and pink ground beef did not differ by season. Ground beef is a frequently consumed food item in the United States, and rates of consumption of pink ground beef have changed little since previous studies. The high rate of consumption of beef that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill pathogens makes pasteurization of ground beef an important consideration, especially for those individuals at high risk of complications from foodborne illnesses such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. C1 [Taylor, Ethel V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Taylor, Ethel V.; Mahon, Barbara E.; Ayers, Tracy; Gould, L. Hannah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Holt, Kristin G.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Norton, Dawn] Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Taylor, EV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM idp4@cdc.gov OI Ayers, Tracy/0000-0003-4140-3263 FU NIH HHS [T35 OD010991] NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 75 IS 2 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-333 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 887YB UT WOS:000299969900016 PM 22289595 ER PT J AU Stine, JJ Pedersen, L Smiley, S Bechtel, PJ AF Stine, J. J. Pedersen, L. Smiley, S. Bechtel, P. J. TI RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN DERIVED FROM SURIMI WASH-WATER SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FISH; ROLES AB Surimi processors are committed to improve utilization of seafood resources, increase productivity and reduce organic matter discharged into the environment. The object of this study was to recover protein from pollock surimi processing wash-water using membrane filtration and characterize properties of the recovered material. A pilot unit equipped with membrane elements concentrated protein from the surimi wash-water. Membrane concentrate and control surimi samples were analyzed for proximate composition, lipid oxidation, color, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, amino acids and minerals. Membrane concentrate, membrane concentrate plus surimi and control surimi were monitored for 180 days of storage at -20C. The membrane concentrate had significantly higher moisture and lipid, but lower protein content than surimi. As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, membrane concentrate proteins displayed a greater amount of lower molar mass molecules compared with surimi. The amino acid profile was comparable to control surimi and the recovered membrane concentrate proteins had similar nutritional values to that of surimi. The results indicate that the addition of 5% membrane concentrate to surimi will not adversely affect the storage at -20C and that the recovered wash-water protein could be used to obtain a fish protein ingredient or added back at a low percentage to surimi products. C1 [Stine, J. J.; Bechtel, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Pedersen, L.] Dantec Engn, Danville, CA USA. [Smiley, S.] Univ Alaska, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Stine, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM stine.jj@gmail.com NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0146-9428 EI 1745-4557 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2011.00424.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 884TL UT WOS:000299731600005 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, MT DelSole, T Houser, PR AF Yilmaz, M. Tugrul DelSole, Timothy Houser, Paul R. TI Reducing Water Imbalance in Land Data Assimilation: Ensemble Filtering without Perturbed Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; IMPLEMENTATION AB It is well known that the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) requires updating each ensemble member with perturbed observations in order to produce the proper analysis-error covariances. While increased accuracy in a mean square sense may be preferable in many applications, less accuracy might be preferable in other applications, especially if the variables being assimilated obey certain conservation laws. In land data assimilation, for instance, the update in soil moisture often produces a water balance residual, in the sense that the input water is not equal to output water. This study shows that suppressing the perturbation of observations in the EnKF and in the weakly constrained ensemble Kalman filter significantly improves the water balance residuals without significantly increasing the state errors. C1 [Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; DelSole, Timothy; Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [DelSole, Timothy] Virginia Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. RP Yilmaz, MT (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W,Bldg 007,Room 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tugrul.yilmaz@ars.usda.gov RI Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441 FU NSF [0830068]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4310058]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN50G, NESSF09Earth09R80] FX We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which led numerous clarifications in the final version of the manuscript. Support is gratefully acknowledged from the NSF (Grant 0830068), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA09OAR4310058), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grants NNX09AN50G and NESSF09Earth09R80). NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-010.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890IN UT WOS:000300138400027 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, E Eswaran, H Mermut, AR AF Padmanabhan, Eswaran Eswaran, Hariharan Mermut, Ahmet R. TI Classifying soils at the ultimate stage of weathering in the tropics SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Oxisols; kandi; classification; mineralo-chemistry; micromorphology AB Oxisols cover 23% of the land surface in the tropics and are utilized extensively for agricultural purposes in the tropical countries. Under the variable input types of agricultural systems practiced locally, some of these soils still appear to have problems in terms of proper soil classification and subsequently hinder attempts to implement sustainable agro-management protocols. The definition for Oxisols in Soil Survey Staff (1999) indicates that additional input is still required to refine the definition in order to resolve some of the outstanding classification problems. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the properties of some Oxisols and closely related soils in order to evaluate the classification of these soils. Soils from Brazil, several countries in Africa, and Malaysia were used in this study. Field observations provided the first indication that some of the presently classified kandi-Alfisols and kandi-Ultisols were closer to Oxisols in terms of their properties. Water-retention differences and apparent CEC of the subsurface horizons also supported this idea. The types of extractable Fe oxides and external specific surface areas of the clay fractions showed that many kandic horizons have surface properties that are similar to the oxic horizons. Micromorphology indicated that the genetic transition from the argillic to the oxic involves a diminishing expression of the argillic. Properties, such as CEC, become dominant. The kandic horizon is therefore inferred as a transition to the oxic horizon. It is proposed that the Oxisols be keyed out based only on the presence of an oxic horizon and an isosoil temperature regime. The presence of a kandic horizon will be reflected at lower levels in Oxisols. The Oxisols will now be exclusive to the intertropical belt with an isosoil temperature regime. The geographic extend of the Oxisols would increase and that of kandi-Alfisols and Ultisols would decrease. A few kandi-Alfisols and Ultisols in the intertropical area will have low CEC which would fail the weatherable mineral contents. The kandic subgroups of some Alfisols and Ultisols will be transitional between the low (< 16?cmolc [kg clay]1)- and high (> 24?cmolc [kg clay]1)-activity clay soils. The proposed changes to classification will contribute to a better differentiation of the landscape units in the field. Testing of the proposed classification on some Malaysian soils showed that the new definition for Oxisols provides a better basis for the classification of the local soils and the development of meaningful soil-management groups for plantations. C1 [Padmanabhan, Eswaran] Univ Teknol Petronas, Tronoh 31750, Perak, Malaysia. [Eswaran, Hariharan] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Mermut, Ahmet R.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Padmanabhan, E (reprint author), Univ Teknol Petronas, Tronoh 31750, Perak, Malaysia. EM eswaran_padmanabhan@petronas.com.my FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A 0464]; UNIMAS [115 98(04)] FX This research was supported in part through the Operating Grant No. A 0464 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada awarded to A.R. Mermut, and UNIMAS Research Grant 115 98(04) awarded to E. Padmanabhan. The authors are grateful to the following persons for the assistance provided during the period of study: Dr. J. Kimble, Dr. D. F. Acton, Dr. F. Beinroth, Mr. G.L. Hudy, Mr. T. Bonli, Mr. B. Goetz, and Mr. Y. Yano. We also thank the reviewers for their critical review of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 EI 1522-2624 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 175 IS 1 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1002/jpln.201000348 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 888JH UT WOS:000299999300012 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Lee, J Bumanlag, LP Latona, RJ Brown, EM Liu, CK AF Taylor, M. M. Lee, J. Bumanlag, L. P. Latona, R. J. Brown, E. M. Liu, C. K. TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOL-MODIFIED GELATIN PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OXIDIZED PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FERULIC ACID; PROTEIN ISOLATE; TANNIC-ACID; LEATHER; FILMS; BIOPOLYMERS; FILLERS; SURIMI AB We have demonstrated the effectiveness of enzymatic and chemical modification of waste protein from leather, used alone or in combination with protein from the dairy industry, in preparation of fillers for leather treatment. We are continuing to build on these techniques to make products from sustainable resources that can enhance retanned leather. Vegetable tanning, utilizing polyphenols extracted from plant materials, is used primarily for production of heavy leathers for saddles, belts and shoe soles. Recently, the polyphenolic acids involved in vegetable tannage have been investigated extensively for their ability to modify gelatin. We explored whether gelatin, when modified using polyphenols, could give products with properties that might have application in leather processing. In our initial studies, before we investigated individual polyphenolic acids., we tested tannins, e.g. quebracho, to see if indeed these vegetable tannins themselves could be used in crosslinking. These studies demonstrated that gelatin could be modified, using quebracho, to make products that had varying physical properties such as high melting points and viscosities and that molecular weight determinations showed an extensive alteration in gelatin profile. These products were applied to blue stock as fillers and the resultant leather showed improved subjective properties and no significant differences in mechanical properties between treated and control samples. Thus a byproduct (gelatin) from leather-making process, modified with a common polyphenolic tanning agent (quebracho), can be employed to improve crust leather products in the retanning, coloring and fatliquoring process. C1 [Taylor, M. M.; Lee, J.; Bumanlag, L. P.; Latona, R. J.; Brown, E. M.; Liu, C. K.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM maryann.taylor@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA 1314 50 ST, STE 103, LUBBOCK, TX 79412 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 107 IS 2 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 888BD UT WOS:000299977900003 ER PT J AU Kuethe, TH AF Kuethe, Todd H. TI Spatial Fragmentation and the Value of Residential Housing SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRICES; MODEL; SPRAWL; AUTOCORRELATION; DEPENDENCE; EQUATIONS; FRAMEWORK; PATTERN; MARKETS; IMPACT AB This study examines the impacts of spatial fragmentation and land use diversity on single-family residential real estate values. Through hedonic price analysis, we estimate the implicit price effects of spatial fragmentation and neighborhood land use diversity in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Spatial econometric estimates suggest that house prices are negatively impacted by spatial fragmentation at low levels of fragmentation, yet there is a positive price relationship at high levels of fragmentation. The results also suggest that house prices do not share a statistically significant relationship with land use diversity. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kuethe, TH (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 18 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 16 EP 27 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881DE UT WOS:000299459900002 ER PT J AU Wasserman, TN Cushman, SA Shirk, AS Landguth, EL Littell, JS AF Wasserman, T. N. Cushman, S. A. Shirk, A. S. Landguth, E. L. Littell, J. S. TI Simulating the effects of climate change on population connectivity of American marten (Martes americana) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Habitat fragmentation; Gene flow; Climate change; American marten; Martes americana; Connectivity; Landscape genetics ID LANDSCAPE GENETICS; UNITED-STATES; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; WILD POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL; INFERENCE; FORESTS AB We utilize empirically derived estimates of landscape resistance to assess current landscape connectivity of American marten (Martes americana) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA, and project how a warming climate may affect landscape resistance and population connectivity in the future. We evaluate the influences of five potential future temperature scenarios involving different degrees of warming. We use resistant kernel dispersal models to assess population connectivity based on full occupancy of suitable habitat in each of these hypothetical future resistance layers. We use the CDPOP model to simulate gene exchange among individual martens in each of these hypothetical future climates. We evaluate: (1) changes in the extent, connectivity and pattern of marten habitat, (2) changes in allelic richness and expected heterozygosity, and (3) changes in the range of significant positive genetic correlation within the northern Idaho marten population under each future scenario. We found that even moderate warming scenarios resulted in very large reductions in population connectivity. Calculation of genetic correlograms for each scenario indicates that climate driven changes in landscape connectivity results in decreasing range of genetic correlation, indicating more isolated and smaller genetic neighborhoods. These, in turn, resulted in substantial loss of allelic richness and reductions in expected heterozygosity. In the U. S. northern Rocky Mountains, climate change may extensively fragment marten populations to a degree that strongly reduces genetic diversity. Our results demonstrate that for species, such as the American marten, whose population connectivity is highly tied to climatic gradients, expected climate change can result in profound changes in the extent, pattern, connectivity and gene flow of populations. C1 [Cushman, S. A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wasserman, T. N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Shirk, A. S.; Littell, J. S.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Landguth, E. L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM moonhowlin@yahoo.com; scushman@fs.fed.us; ashirk@u.washington.edu; erin.landguth@gmail.com; jlittell@u.washington.edu NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 84 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9653-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 889QQ UT WOS:000300088700006 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Wasserman, TN Ribeiro, MC Landguth, EL Spear, SF Balkenhol, N Higgins, CB Fortin, MJ Cushman, SA Waits, LP AF Graves, Tabitha A. Wasserman, Tzeidle N. Ribeiro, Milton Cezar Landguth, Erin L. Spear, Stephen F. Balkenhol, Niko Higgins, Colleen B. Fortin, Marie-Josee Cushman, Samuel A. Waits, Lisette P. TI The influence of landscape characteristics and home-range size on the quantification of landscape-genetics relationships SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Least cost; Habitat resistance; Fragmentation; Genetic structure; Sampling error; Aggregation; Cohesiveness; Connectivity; Gene flow; Isolation-by-resistance ID FEMALE ROE DEER; POPULATION-GENETICS; MANTEL TEST; FLOW; CONNECTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE; REGRESSION; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE AB A common approach used to estimate landscape resistance involves comparing correlations of ecological and genetic distances calculated among individuals of a species. However, the location of sampled individuals may contain some degree of spatial uncertainty due to the natural variation of animals moving through their home range or measurement error in plant or animal locations. In this study, we evaluate the ways that spatial uncertainty, landscape characteristics, and genetic stochasticity interact to influence the strength and variability of conclusions about landscape-genetics relationships. We used a neutral landscape model to generate 45 landscapes composed of habitat and non-habitat, varying in percent habitat, aggregation, and structural connectivity (patch cohesion). We created true and alternate locations for 500 individuals, calculated ecological distances (least-cost paths), and simulated genetic distances among individuals. We compared correlations between ecological distances for true and alternate locations. We then simulated genotypes at 15 neutral loci and investigated whether the same influences could be detected in simple Mantel tests and while controlling for the effects of isolation-by distance using the partial Mantel test. Spatial uncertainty interacted with the percentage of habitat in the landscape, but led to only small reductions in correlations. Furthermore, the strongest correlations occurred with low percent habitat, high aggregation, and low to intermediate levels of cohesion. Overall genetic stochasticity was relatively low and was influenced by landscape characteristics. C1 [Graves, Tabitha A.; Wasserman, Tzeidle N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ribeiro, Milton Cezar] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. [Ribeiro, Milton Cezar; Higgins, Colleen B.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Integrat Life Sci, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Spear, Stephen F.] Orianne Soc, Clayton, GA 30525 USA. [Spear, Stephen F.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Balkenhol, Niko] Univ Gottingen, Dept Forest Zool & Forest Conservat, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Forest Serv Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15108, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM tabgra@yahoo.com RI Higgins, Colleen/A-9709-2013; Balkenhol, Niko/G-2725-2015 FU National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX We thank Brent Burch, Kevin McGarigal, and John Citta for useful discussions on modeling random effects. This study resulted from a distributed graduate seminar (developing best practices for testing landscape effects on gene flow), conducted through the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), a center funded by the National Science Foundation Grant #EF-0553768, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We thank Carisa Stansbury and Rodrigo Cisneros for assistance with preliminary simulations. This was a truly collaborative project. Contributions of each coauthor are listed in Supplement II. We appreciate our individual sources of support, including scholarship, fellowship and research assistantship providers. We also thank 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 SI SI BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9701-4 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 889QQ UT WOS:000300088700009 ER PT J AU Chen, F Liu, ZG Wu, WH Rozo, C Bowdridge, S Millman, A Van Rooijen, N Urban, JF Wynn, TA Gause, WC AF Chen, Fei Liu, Zhugong Wu, Wenhui Rozo, Cristina Bowdridge, Scott Millman, Ariel Van Rooijen, Nico Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Wynn, Thomas A. Gause, William C. TI An essential role for T(H)2-type responses in limiting acute tissue damage during experimental helminth infection SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; INDUCED PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; INDUCED LUNG INJURY; NEMATODE PARASITES; T-CELLS; ACUTE SCHISTOSOMIASIS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; TYPE-2 IMMUNITY AB Helminths induce potent T helper 2 (T(H)2)-type immune responses that can mediate worm expulsion, but the role of this response in controlling the acute tissue damage caused by migrating multicellular parasites through vital tissues remains uncertain. We used a helminth infection model in which parasitic nematode larvae migrate transiently through the lung, resulting in hemorrhage and inflammation. We found that IL-17 initially contributed to inflammation and lung damage, whereas subsequent IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) signaling reduced elevations in IL-17 mRNA levels, enhanced the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IL-10 and stimulated the development of M2 macrophages, all of which contributed to the rapid resolution of tissue damage. These studies indicate an essential role for T(H)2-type immune responses in mediating acute wound healing during helminth infection. C1 [Chen, Fei; Liu, Zhugong; Wu, Wenhui; Rozo, Cristina; Bowdridge, Scott; Millman, Ariel; Gause, William C.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Chen, Fei; Liu, Zhugong; Wu, Wenhui; Rozo, Cristina; Bowdridge, Scott; Millman, Ariel; Gause, William C.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Ctr Immun & Inflammat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Van Rooijen, Nico] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wynn, Thomas A.] NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM gausewc@umdnj.edu RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU US National Institutes of Health [AI031678] FX This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health grants AI031678. NR 56 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 4 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 260 EP 266 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890JG UT WOS:000300140300040 PM 22245779 ER PT J AU Stewart, CE AF Stewart, Catherine E. TI Evaluation of angiosperm and fern contributions to soil organic matter using two methods of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Soil organic matter; Ferns; Pyrolysis; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Methods; TMAH ID TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TMAH; THERMALLY ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS; ANDIC FOREST SOIL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR-FEATURES; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; TEMPERATE SOILS; AMINO-ACIDS; NOVA-SCOTIA AB Ferns are an important plant group, and older phylogenies of non-polypod ferns contain relatively high concentrations of aliphatic leaf waxes, lignins, and tannins that could contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) biochemistry and stability. Pyrolysis gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (py-GC/MS) analyzes biochemical fragments which can be related to lignin, polysaccharide, lipid, nitrogen (N)-bearing, non-lignin aromatics, and phenol source compounds. Thermochemolysis using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) combined with py-GC/MS improves detection of lignin, cutin, and suberin-derived compounds. To examine the advantages and disadvantages of both methods for characterizing plant and soil biochemistry, we characterized non-polypod and polypod fern and angiosperm live tissues, roots and soils from the Kohala Mountains, Hawaii. Py-GC/MS provided a broad biochemical overview of compound groups including lignin, polysaccharide, lipid, N-bearing, non-lignin aromatics and phenol groups while TMAH-py-GC/MS detailed lignin units and fatty acids at the expense of the other categories. TMAH-py-GC/MS provided more detailed data on lignin, cutin, suberin and tannin-derived compounds. Both methods detected differences in lignin units between species, although p-coumaric and ferulic acids, predominantly found in ferns, were only observed with TMAH-py-GC/MS. Both py-GC/MS and TMAH-py-GC/MS are methods to detect compound-specific plant biomarkers, but are most useful when combined for their complimentary results. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stewart, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cstewart@nrel.colostate.edu OI Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 FU University of Colorado; NSF [DEB-0515918] FX The author gratefully acknowledges Jason Neff, Karolien Denef, Liz Pruessner, Abigail Stewart, Brendan Young as well as two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Daniel Fernandez gave invaluable help with the py-GC/MS instrument and Cody Flagg for sample preparation. I also wish to thank Heraldo Farrington, Ted Raab, and Rebecca Funk for assistance with field sampling. This work was funded by the University of Colorado Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship and NSF DEB-0515918. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2012 VL 351 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-0927-3 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887VJ UT WOS:000299959100003 ER PT J AU Radmer, L Tesfaye, M Somers, DA Temple, SJ Vance, CP Samac, DA AF Radmer, Lorien Tesfaye, Mesfin Somers, David A. Temple, Stephen J. Vance, Carroll P. Samac, Deborah A. TI Aluminum resistance mechanisms in oat (Avena sativa L.) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Aluminium; Aluminum resistance; Avena sativa; Citrate; Malate dehydrogenase; Malate secretion; Oat; Sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (ScBV) promoter ID ROOT BORDER CELLS; MITOCHONDRIAL CITRATE SYNTHASE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; TRANSGENIC ALFALFA; TOLERANCE; WHEAT; ACID; EFFLUX; MAIZE AB Enhanced aluminum (Al) resistance has been observed in dicots over-expressing enzymes involved in organic acid synthesis; however, this approach for improving Al resistance has not been investigated in monocots. Among the cereals, oat (Avena sativa L.) is considered to be Al resistant, but the basis of resistance is not known. A hydroponic assay and hematoxylin staining for Al accumulation in roots were used to evaluate Al resistance in 15 oat cultivars. Malate and citrate release from roots was measured over a 24 h period. A malate dehydrogenase gene, neMDH, from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used to transform oat. Oat seedlings were highly resistant to Al, as a concentration of 325 mu M AlK(SO4)(2) was needed to cause a 50% decrease in root growth. Most oat cultivars tested are naturally resistant to high concentrations of Al and effectively excluded Al from roots. Al-dependent release of malate and Al-independent release of citrate was observed. Al resistance was enhanced in a transgenic oat line with the highest accumulation of neMDH protein. However, overall root growth of this line was reduced and expression of neMDH in transgenic oat did not enhance malate secretion. Release of malate from oat roots was associated with Al resistance, which suggests that malate plays a role in Al resistance of oat. Over-expression of alfalfa neMDH enhanced Al resistance in some lines but was not effective alone for crop improvement. C1 [Vance, Carroll P.; Samac, Deborah A.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Radmer, Lorien; Tesfaye, Mesfin; Samac, Deborah A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Somers, David A.; Temple, Stephen J.; Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 78 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2012 VL 351 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-0937-1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887VJ UT WOS:000299959100009 ER PT J AU Aubrey, DP Coyle, DR Coleman, MD AF Aubrey, Doug P. Coyle, David R. Coleman, Mark D. TI Functional groups show distinct differences in nitrogen cycling during early stand development: implications for forest management SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Forest productivity; Net primary production; Nitrogen budget; Nitrogen uptake; Nitrogen use efficiency; Retranslocation; Short rotation woody crops ID LOBLOLLY-PINE STANDS; COMPLETE COMPETITION CONTROL; NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; MEAN RESIDENCE TIME; N PRODUCTIVITY; ELEVATED CO2; FINE ROOTS; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY CROPS; PLANT-GROWTH AB Nutrient acquisition of forest stands is controlled by soil resource availability and belowground production, but tree species are rarely compared in this regard. Here, we examine ecological and management implications of nitrogen (N) dynamics during early forest stand development in productive commercial tree species with narrow (Populus deltoides Bartr. and Platanus occidentalis L.) and broad (Liquidambar styraciflua L. and Pinus taeda L.) site requirements while grown with a range of nutrient and water resources. We constructed N budgets by measuring N concentration ([N]) and N content (N (C) ) of above- and belowground perennial and ephemeral tissues, determined N uptake (N (UP) ), and calculated N use efficiency (NUE). Forest stands regulated [N] within species-specific operating ranges without clear temporal or treatment patterns, thus demonstrating equilibrium between tissue [N] and biomass accumulation. Forest stand N (C) and N (UP) increased with stand development and paralleled treatment patterns of biomass accumulation, suggesting productivity is tightly linked to N (UP) . Inclusion of above- and belowground ephemeral tissue turnover in N (UP) calculations demonstrated that maximum N demand for narrow-sites adapted species exceeded 200 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) while demand for broad-site adapted species was below this level. NUE was species dependent but not consistently influenced by N availability, suggesting relationships between NUE and resource availability were species dependent. Based on early stand development, species with broad site adaptability are favored for woody cropping systems because they maintain high above- and belowground productivity with minimal fertilization requirements due to higher NUE than narrow site adapted species. C1 [Aubrey, Doug P.; Coyle, David R.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Coleman, Mark D.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Aubrey, Doug P.; Coyle, David R.; Coleman, Mark D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Aubrey, DP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM daubrey@uga.edu RI Aubrey, Doug/A-3455-2011; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 FU Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (UGA); Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River; Forest Service Southern Research Station [DE-IA09-00SR22188]; Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory [00-IA-11330135-221]; Southern Research Station Research Work Units [4103, 4104, 4154, 4155, 4505, 4703]; Timber Company, Weyerhauser, Champion International; Union Camp FX Thanks to the many project technicians and staff at the USDA Forest Service-Savannah River, The University of Georgia, and Auburn University who made data collection possible. Special thanks to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (UGA) for project support and use of equipment and facilities. Funding was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River and the Forest Service Southern Research Station under Interagency Agreement DE-IA09-00SR22188; Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory Interagency Agreement 00-IA-11330135-221; Southern Research Station Research Work Units 4103, 4104, 4154, 4155, 4505, and 4703; and The Timber Company, Weyerhauser, Champion International, and Union Camp. NR 108 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2012 VL 351 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-0946-0 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887VJ UT WOS:000299959100016 ER PT J AU Klein, MA Lopez-Millan, AF Grusak, MA AF Klein, Melinda A. Lopez-Millan, Ana-Flor Grusak, Michael A. TI Quantitative trait locus analysis of root ferric reductase activity and leaf chlorosis in the model legume, Lotus japonicus SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Chlorosis; Ferric reductase; Iron nutrition; Lotus japonicus; QTL ID IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS; CHELATE REDUCTASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FE(III)-CHELATE REDUCTASE; CHLOROPHYLL METER; METAL TRANSPORTER; GENE-EXPRESSION; UPTAKE SYSTEM; PROTEIN; GENOME AB Ferric reductase activity is a rate-limiting step in the accumulation of iron by Strategy I plants. Preliminary work with Lotus japonicus accessions Miyakojima MG-20 and Gifu B-129 identified differences in shoot chlorosis and ferric reductase activity. This study assessed the genetic basis for these differences. Lines of a recombinant inbred population, derived from Miyakojima and Gifu, were tested for whole-root ferric reductase activity and shoot chlorosis following iron-limited growth. A ferric reductase gene (LjFRO1) was cloned from both parents. Protein sequence analysis, transcript abundance, and yeast complementation studies were conducted with the two parental alleles. A single quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified for both ferric reductase activity and shoot chlorosis, with each QTL explaining similar to 30% of the variation and both overlapping across the same region of chromosome 3. LjFRO1 mapped to chromosome 3, but to a region adjacent to the reductase and chlorosis loci. Nucleotide variation in LjFRO1 parental alleles was identified, as were minor functional differences between the two proteins. The results indicate that both allelic variation (providing potential functional differences) and unidentified molecular components (derived from non-LjFRO1 genetic loci) can contribute to the regulation of ferric reductase activity and chlorosis susceptibility. C1 [Klein, Melinda A.; Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lopez-Millan, Ana-Flor] CSIC, Dept Nutr Vegetal, Estn Expt Aula Dei, Zaragoza 50080, Spain. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6250-0-008] FX This work was funded in part by funds from USDA-ARS under agreement No. 58-6250-0-008 to M.A.G. The authors would like to thank Jennifer Shiu and Christopher Garza for laboratory assistance. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2012 VL 351 IS 1-2 BP 363 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s11104-011-0972-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887VJ UT WOS:000299959100026 ER PT J AU Tjellstroem, H Zhen, LY Allen, DK Ohlrogge, JB AF Tjellstroem, Henrik Yang, Zhenle Allen, Doug K. Ohlrogge, John B. TI Rapid Kinetic Labeling of Arabidopsis Cell Suspension Cultures: Implications for Models of Lipid Export from Plastids SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; ISOLATED SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; INTACT CHLOROPLASTS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ACP DESATURASE; ACYL; LEAVES; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PROTEIN AB Cell cultures allow rapid kinetic labeling experiments that can provide information on precursor-product relationships and intermediate pools. T-87 suspension cells are increasingly used in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) research, but there are no reports describing their lipid composition or biosynthesis. To facilitate application of T-87 cells for analysis of glycerolipid metabolism, including tests of gene functions, we determined composition and accumulation of lipids of light-and dark-grown cultures. Fatty acid synthesis in T-87 cells was 7- to 8-fold higher than in leaves. Similar to other plant tissues, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine were major phospholipids, but galactolipid levels were 3- to 4-fold lower than Arabidopsis leaves. Triacylglycerol represented 10% of total acyl chains, a greater percentage than in most nonseed tissues. The initial steps in T-87 cell lipid assembly were evaluated by pulse labeling cultures with [C-14] acetate and [C-14] glycerol. [C-14] acetate was very rapidly incorporated into PC, preferentially at sn-2 and without an apparent precursor-product relationship to diacylglycerol (DAG). By contrast, [C-14] glycerol most rapidly labeled DAG. These results indicate that acyl editing of PC is the major pathway for initial incorporation of fatty acids into glycerolipids of cells derived from a 16:3 plant. A very short lag time (5.4 s) for [C-14] acetate labeling of PC implied channeled incorporation of acyl chains without mixing with the bulk acyl-CoA pool. Subcellular fractionation of pea (Pisum sativum) leaf protoplasts indicated that 30% of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity colocalized with chloroplasts. Together, these data support a model in which PC participates in trafficking of newly synthesized acyl chains from plastids to the endoplasmic reticulum. C1 [Tjellstroem, Henrik; Yang, Zhenle; Ohlrogge, John B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yang, Zhenle; Ohlrogge, John B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Allen, Doug K.] ARS, USDA, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Ohlrogge, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ohlrogge@msu.edu RI Allen, Doug/M-2836-2013 OI Allen, Doug/0000-0001-8599-8946 FU Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center through U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0701919]; The Swedish Research Counsel FORMAS; The Foundation of Olle Engkvist Byggmastare FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center through the U.S. Department of Energy (Cooperative Agreement no. DE-FC02-07ER64494), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0701919 to J.B.O.), The Swedish Research Counsel FORMAS, and The Foundation of Olle Engkvist Byggmastare (to H.T.). NR 66 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 158 IS 2 BP 601 EP 611 DI 10.1104/pp.111.186122 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 889DS UT WOS:000300054300006 PM 22128138 ER PT J AU Cook, JP McMullen, MD Holland, JB Tian, F Bradbury, P Ross-Ibarra, J Buckler, ES Flint-Garcia, SA AF Cook, Jason P. McMullen, Michael D. Holland, James B. Tian, Feng Bradbury, Peter Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey Buckler, Edward S. Flint-Garcia, Sherry A. TI Genetic Architecture of Maize Kernel Composition in the Nested Association Mapping and Inbred Association Panels SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS STOCK MICE; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; EPISTATIC INTERACTIONS; OIL CONCENTRATION; COMPLEX TRAITS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FLOWERING TIME AB The maize (Zea mays) kernel plays a critical role in feeding humans and livestock around the world and in a wide array of industrial applications. An understanding of the regulation of kernel starch, protein, and oil is needed in order to manipulate composition to meet future needs. We conducted joint-linkage quantitative trait locus mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for kernel starch, protein, and oil in the maize nested association mapping population, composed of 25 recombinant inbred line families derived from diverse inbred lines. Joint-linkage mapping revealed that the genetic architecture of kernel composition traits is controlled by 21-26 quantitative trait loci. Numerous GWAS associations were detected, including several oil and starch associations in acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-2, a gene that regulates oil composition and quantity. Results from nested association mapping were verified in a 282 inbred association panel using both GWAS and candidate gene association approaches. We identified many beneficial alleles that will be useful for improving kernel starch, protein, and oil content. C1 [Cook, Jason P.; McMullen, Michael D.; Flint-Garcia, Sherry A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.; Flint-Garcia, Sherry A.] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Holland, James B.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bradbury, Peter; Buckler, Edward S.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tian, Feng; Bradbury, Peter; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Flint-Garcia, SA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Sherry.Flint-Garcia@ars.usda.gov RI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/D-7782-2011; OI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1656-4954; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, IOS-0820619]; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-01864] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DBI-0321467 and IOS-0820619) and U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (grant no. 2009-01864). NR 59 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 9 U2 67 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 158 IS 2 BP 824 EP 834 DI 10.1104/pp.111.185033 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 889DS UT WOS:000300054300023 PM 22135431 ER PT J AU Nambeesan, S AbuQamar, S Laluk, K Mattoo, AK Mickelbart, MV Ferruzzi, MG Mengiste, T Handa, AK AF Nambeesan, Savithri AbuQamar, Synan Laluk, Kristin Mattoo, Autar K. Mickelbart, Michael V. Ferruzzi, Mario G. Mengiste, Tesfaye Handa, Avtar K. TI Polyamines Attenuate Ethylene-Mediated Defense Responses to Abrogate Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABIOTIC STRESS RESPONSES; SALICYLIC-ACID; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; POWDERY MILDEW; MOSAIC-VIRUS AB Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) lines overexpressing yeast spermidine synthase (ySpdSyn), an enzyme involved in polyamine (PA) biosynthesis, were developed. These transgenic lines accumulate higher levels of spermidine (Spd) than the wild-type plants and were examined for responses to the fungal necrotrophs Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani, bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, and larvae of the chewing insect tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). The Spd-accumulating transgenic tomato lines were more susceptible to B. cinerea than the wild-type plants; however, responses to A. solani, P. syringae, or M. sexta were similar to the wild-type plants. Exogenous application of ethylene precursors, S-adenosyl-Met and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, or PA biosynthesis inhibitors reversed the response of the transgenic plants to B. cinerea. The increased susceptibility of the ySpdSyn transgenic tomato to B. cinerea was associated with down-regulation of gene transcripts involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. These data suggest that PA-mediated susceptibility to B. cinerea is linked to interference with the functions of ethylene in plant defense. C1 [Nambeesan, Savithri; Mickelbart, Michael V.; Handa, Avtar K.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Plant Environm Stress Physiol, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Laluk, Kristin; Mengiste, Tesfaye] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ferruzzi, Mario G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [AbuQamar, Synan] United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Biol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Handa, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ctr Plant Environm Stress Physiol, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ahanda@purdue.edu FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Integrated Food and Farming Systems [741740]; National Science Foundation [IOB-0749865]; Purdue Research Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, by a U.S. Department of Agriculture-Integrated Food and Farming Systems program grant (award no. 741740 to A.K.H.), and by a National Science Foundation grant (IOB-0749865 to T.M.). S.N. was partially supported by the Purdue Research Foundation. NR 91 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 158 IS 2 BP 1034 EP 1045 DI 10.1104/pp.111.188698 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 889DS UT WOS:000300054300039 PM 22128140 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Symposium 1: Vitamins and cognitive development and performance Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and muscle atrophy in the elderly SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Vitamin D; Muscle performance; Falls ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; FALL PREVENTION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; OLDER-ADULTS; RECEPTOR; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; OSTEOBLASTS; EXPRESSION AB The objective of this review is to consider the mechanisms by which vitamin D affects muscle and the evidence that vitamin D status is important for muscle performance and fall prevention in older adults. Vitamin D receptors have been identified in human skeletal-muscle cells. Activation of these receptors by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is involved in the action of vitamin D on the myocyte. Several studies have examined the effect of supplemental vitamin D on muscle strength, balance and falls. Among those examining muscle strength, results have been either positive for vitamin D or null. A recent meta-analysis of seventeen such trials revealed no significant effect of vitamin D overall, but a significant improvement in strength was observed in the trials in which the mean starting level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 25 nmol/l or below. Evidence for an effect of vitamin D on balance, measured as sway, is less abundant but more consistently positive. Many trials have evaluated the effect of supplemental vitamin D on falls. Overall, there is about a 20% lower risk of falling with supplementation. One meta-analysis considered the vitamin D dose administered and concluded that doses up through 15 mu g (600 IU) were ineffective and doses of 17.5-25 mu g/d (700-1000 IU/d) significantly lowered fall risk. The minimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level needed for benefit was 60 nmol/l. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Bess.Dawson-Hughes@Tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This manuscript preparation was supported by contract 58-1950-7-707 from the US Department of Agriculture. This article does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organisations imply endorsement by the US government. The author has no known conflict of interest. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 71 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1017/S0029665111003260 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 886WI UT WOS:000299884200005 PM 22040926 ER PT J AU Park, LK Friso, S Choi, SW AF Park, Lara K. Friso, Simonetta Choi, Sang-Woon TI Symposium 4: Vitamins, infectious and chronic disease during adulthood and aging Nutritional influences on epigenetics and age-related disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Nutrition; Aging; Epigenetics; DNA methylation; Histone modifications ID HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION; MODERATE FOLATE-DEPLETION; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIETARY-FOLATE; RETINOIC ACID; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE AB Nutritional epigenetics has emerged as a novel mechanism underlying gene-diet interactions, further elucidating the modulatory role of nutrition in aging and age-related disease development. Epigenetics is defined as a heritable modification to the DNA that regulates chromosome architecture and modulates gene expression without changes in the underlying bp sequence, ultimately determining phenotype from genotype. DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications are classical levels of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic phenomena are critical from embryonic development through the aging process, with aberrations in epigenetic patterns emerging as aetiological mechanisms in many age-related diseases such as cancer, CVD and neurodegenerative disorders. Nutrients can act as the source of epigenetic modifications and can regulate the placement of these modifications. Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, namely folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, riboflavin, methionine, choline and betaine, are involved in DNA methylation by regulating levels of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine and methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. Other nutrients and bioactive food components such as retinoic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, sulforaphane and tea polyphenols can modulate epigenetic patterns by altering the levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine or directing the enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation and histone modifications. Aging and age-related diseases are associated with profound changes in epigenetic patterns, though it is not yet known whether these changes are programmatic or stochastic in nature. Future work in this field seeks to characterise the epigenetic pattern of healthy aging to ultimately identify nutritional measures to achieve this pattern. C1 [Park, Lara K.; Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Park, Lara K.; Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Biochem & Mol Nutr Program, Friedman Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Friso, Simonetta] Univ Verona, Dept Med, Sch Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sang.choi@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute of Health [R01 AG025834] FX This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. This project was supported in part by the National Institute of Health Grant R01 AG025834 (to S.W.C.). L.K.P., S.F. and S.W.C. participated in the conception, design and drafting of the manuscript. NR 107 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 27 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0029-6651 EI 1475-2719 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 71 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1017/S0029665111003302 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 886WI UT WOS:000299884200009 PM 22051144 ER PT J AU Toole, AA AF Toole, Andrew A. TI The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry SO RESEARCH POLICY LA English DT Article DE R&D; NIH; Social return; Biomedical; Research lags; Public science; New molecular entities ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; COUNT DATA MODELS; ACADEMIC RESEARCH; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; DRUG INTRODUCTIONS; DEVELOPMENT COSTS; RETURNS; TECHNOLOGY; SPILLOVERS; DYNAMICS AB While most economists believe that public scientific research fuels industry innovation and economic growth, systematic evidence supporting this relationship is surprisingly limited. In a recent study, Acemoglu and Linn (2004) identified market size as a significant driver of drug innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, but they did not find any evidence supporting science-driven innovation from publicly funded research. This paper uses new data on biomedical research investments by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to examine the contribution of public research to pharmaceutical innovation. The empirical analysis finds that both market size and NIH funded basic research have economically and statistically significant effects on the entry of new drugs with the contribution of public basic research coming in the earliest stage of pharmaceutical drug discovery. The analysis also finds a positive return to public investment in basic biomedical research. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Toole, Andrew A.] ERS, USDA, RRED, RESP, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Toole, Andrew A.] Ctr European Econ Res ZEW, Mannheim, Germany. RP Toole, AA (reprint author), ERS, USDA, RRED, RESP, 1800 M St NW,Room S4201, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM atoole@ers.usda.gov NR 60 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-7333 J9 RES POLICY JI Res. Policy PD FEB PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.respol.2011.06.004 PG 12 WC Management; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 873UY UT WOS:000298909700001 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Wick, AF Liebig, MA West, MS Daniels, WL AF Phillips, Rebecca L. Wick, Abbey F. Liebig, Mark A. West, Mark S. Daniels, W. Lee TI Biogenic emissions of CO2 and N2O at multiple depths increase exponentially during a simulated soil thaw for a northern prairie Mollisol SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Nitrous oxide; Q(10); Temperature response curve; Freezing; Thawing; Intact core ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; UNFROZEN WATER-CONTENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; FROZEN SOIL; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; PROFILES AB The fate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) belowground is important to current and future climate models as soils warm in northern latitudes. Currently, little is known about the sensitivity of microbial respiration to temperature changes at depths below 15 cm. We used whole-core (7.6 cm dia. x 90 cm) laboratory incubations to determine if temperature response quotients (Q(10)) for CO2 and N2O varied with depth for undisturbed prairie while plants were senescent and clipped at the surface. We collected intact soil cores from an undisturbed prairie in central North Dakota and uniformly subjected them to freezing (5 to -15 degrees C) and thawing (-15 to 5 degrees C). We measured rates of CO2 and N2O emissions at 5 degrees C temperature increments at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 cm depths. During freezing, active and sterilized core emissions occurred only between 0 and -10 degrees C. During thawing, a simple first-order exponential model, E = alpha e(beta T), fit observed CO2 and N2O emissions (R-2 = 0.91 and 0.99, respectively). Parameter estimates for beta were not significantly different across depths for CO2 and for N2O (Q(10) = 4.8 and 13.7, respectively). Parameter estimates for alpha (emissions when temperature is 0 degrees C) exponentially declined with depth for both gases for similar depth-response curves. Stepwise regressions of soil properties on alpha parameter estimates indicated emissions of CO2 and N2O at 0 degrees C during thawing were positively correlated (R-2 > 0.6) with soil porosity. Results indicate pedogenic properties associated with depth may not necessarily influence temperature response curves during thawing but will affect emissions at 0 degrees C for both CO2 and N2O. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Phillips, Rebecca L.; Liebig, Mark A.] United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Wick, Abbey F.; Daniels, W. Lee] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci 0404, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [West, Mark S.] United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, No Plains Area, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, No Great Plains Res Lab, 1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 FU ARS [5445-11120-002-00] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Charles Walthall and Mark Walbridge from ARS National Program for Climate Change, Soils and Emission, Project number 5445-11120-002-00. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and Becky Wald, Justin Feld, Cari Ficken, and Sarah Waldron for their tremendous field and laboratory support. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 45 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.012 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 888DJ UT WOS:000299983700003 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Pinkerton, JN Zasada, IA AF Schreiner, R. Paul Pinkerton, John N. Zasada, Inga A. TI Delayed response to ring nematode (Mesocriconema xenoplax) feeding on grape roots linked to vine carbohydrate reserves and nematode feeding pressure SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Carbohydrate reserves; Nutrient reserves; Vitis vinifera ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; VITIS-VINIFERA; CONCORD GRAPE; COLONIZATION; STARCH; TISSUES AB The chronic impact of ring nematode (Mesocriconema xenoplax) feeding on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) was studied under controlled conditions. 'Pinot noir' grapevines were exposed to ring nematode or kept nematode-free for three growing seasons and vines were either grown in full sunlight, 15% of full sun, or partially defoliated to manipulate vine carbohydrate status. Whole plants were destructively sampled to assess the impact of ring nematode on whole plant biomass, carbohydrate, and mineral nutrient accumulation. Vine shoot growth and total biomass was unaffected by ring nematode in the first growing season, although reserves of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), P, K, and Ca in the roots and wood were reduced in all canopy management treatments. Vine shoot growth and total biomass were reduced by ring nematode in Year 2, and greater declines in reserve NSC and most mineral nutrients had occurred. Reserves of NSC were affected more than biomass or nutrients during the second year. During the third year of exposure to ring nematode, vines in the 15% sun treatment were dying (prompting an earlier destructive harvest), even though these vines had similar biomass and NSC reserves as the partially defoliated vines at the end of the second year. The demise of the 15% sun vines was associated with higher ring nematodes per unit of root mass, as compared to either full sun or defoliated vines. Therefore, predicting plant response to this nematode requires an understanding of nematode density per quantity of roots, not nematodes per unit of soil which is how plant parasitic nematodes are currently enumerated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schreiner, R. Paul; Pinkerton, John N.; Zasada, Inga A.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM paul.schreiner@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 45 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.009 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 888DJ UT WOS:000299983700011 ER PT J AU Rodgers, J Delhom, C Fortier, C Thibodeaux, D AF Rodgers, James Delhom, Christopher Fortier, Chanel Thibodeaux, Devron TI Rapid measurement of cotton fiber maturity and fineness by image analysis microscopy using the Cottonscope (R) SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cotton; image analysis; microscopy; maturity; fineness ID LINEAR DENSITY FINENESS; LIGHT-MICROSCOPY; LINT SAMPLES; INSTRUMENT AB Two of the important cotton fiber quality and processing parameters are fiber maturity and fineness. Fiber maturity is the degree of development of the fiber's secondary wall, and fiber fineness is a measure of the fiber's linear density and can be expressed as mass per unit length. A well-known method for fiber maturity and fineness is a cross-section image analysis and microscopy measurement. In general, typical cross-section image analysis and microscopy methods for fiber maturity and fineness can be slow and tedious to perform. Much interest has been shown in improved and rapid routine measurements of fiber maturity and fineness in the laboratory. The Cottonscope (R) is a new small footprint instrument for measuring fiber maturity and fineness, consisting of a longitudinal measurement of weighted fiber snippets in water using polarized light microscopy and image analysis. A program was implemented to assess the potential and capabilities of the Cottonscope to measure cotton lint maturity and fineness and to determine the major operational impacts on the Cottonscope results. The measurement was fast and easy to perform. The major operational impact on the Cottonscope results was environmental conditions (room temperature and relative humidity), and its impact was a concern for fineness only. Very good method agreement was observed between the Cottonscope and image analysis and microscopy method for maturity and fineness, with moderate coefficients of determination, R(2)s, and low residuals. Recommended operational protocols for routine Cottonscope measurements were developed. C1 [Rodgers, James; Delhom, Christopher; Fortier, Chanel] USDA ARS SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Thibodeaux, Devron] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), USDA ARS SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM james.rodgers@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 82 IS 3 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.1177/0040517511431317 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 888MI UT WOS:000300007300005 ER PT J AU Shephard, GS Berthiller, E Burdaspal, PA Crews, C Jonker, MA Krska, R MacDonald, S Malone, RJ Maragos, C Sabino, M Solfrizzo, M Van Egmond, HP Whitaker, TB AF Shephard, G. S. Berthiller, E. Burdaspal, P. A. Crews, C. Jonker, M. A. Krska, R. MacDonald, S. Malone, R. J. Maragos, C. Sabino, M. Solfrizzo, M. Van Egmond, H. P. Whitaker, T. B. TI Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2010-2011 SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Alternaria; ergot; fumonisin; ochratoxin; patulin; trichothecene; zearalenone; sampling ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINES; IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN CLEANUP; SINGLE-LABORATORY VALIDATION; AFLATOXIN M-1 CONTAMINATION; THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INFECTED TALL FESCUE; CEREAL-BASED FOODS; HT-2 TOXINS AB This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2010 and mid-2011. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Analytical methods for mycotoxins continue to be developed and published. Despite much interest in immunochemical methods and in the rapid development of LC-MS methodology, more conventional methods, sometimes linked to novel clean-up protocols, have also been the subject of research publications over the above period. Occurrence of mycotoxins falls outside the main focus of this review; however, where relevant to analytical method development, this has been mentioned. C1 [Shephard, G. S.] MRC, PROMEC Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. [Berthiller, E.; Krska, R.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci Vienna, Dept Agrobiotechnol IFA Tulln, Ctr Analyt Chem, A-3430 Tulln, Austria. [Burdaspal, P. A.] Spanish Food Safety & Nutr Agcy, Natl Food Ctr, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain. [Crews, C.; MacDonald, S.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Jonker, M. A.; Van Egmond, H. P.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. [Malone, R. J.] Tril Analyt Lab, Washington, MO 63090 USA. [Maragos, C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sabino, M.] Adolfo Lutz Inst, BR-01246902 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Solfrizzo, M.] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, I-700126 Bari, Italy. [Whitaker, T. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shephard, GS (reprint author), MRC, PROMEC Unit, POB 19070, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. EM gordon.shephard@mrc.ac.za OI Shephard, Gordon Seymour/0000-0002-1267-9036 NR 233 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 84 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 EI 1875-0796 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 3 EP 30 DI 10.3920/WMJ2011.1338 PG 28 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 890BQ UT WOS:000300120500002 ER PT J AU Brown, MW AF Brown, Mark W. TI Role of biodiversity in integrated fruit production in eastern North American orchards SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apple; biodiversity; companion plants; ecosystem services; extrafloral nectar; peach; pest suppression; polyculture ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; APPLE ORCHARDS; VEGETATIONAL DIVERSITY; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MATING DISRUPTION; NATURAL ENEMIES; CODLING MOTH; AGRICULTURE; ARTHROPODS AB 1 Diversifying agricultural ecosystems to enhance biological control is a promising way of promoting sustainable pest management. 2 In the present study, monoculture apple and peach with standard insecticide treatments were compared with three biodiverse treatments (polyculure, monoculture with companion plants and polyculture with companion plants) with reduced standard insecticide use. 3 Abundance of insect predators was increased by both the presence of companion plants and extrafloral nectar but parasitism of the leafroller Platynota idaeusalis was not affected. 4 There were no consistent effects of biodiversity treatment on either tree growth or fruit yield. Insect injury to Empire apple and peach fruit was not consistently affected by the biodiversity treatments. Granny Smith apples were harvested later than Empire and had more fruit injury in the biodiverse treatments than the standard insecticide control. 5 A reduction in pesticides with added biodiversity proved to be a viable alternative to standard chemical insecticide management for temperate tree fruit. Increases in the natural control of pests resulting from increased plant diversity has promise for reducing the reliance on chemical insecticides for pest suppression. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mwb_ifp@yahoo.com NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00540.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 877TC UT WOS:000299204600010 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Hayes, CJ Jones, KJ Mckelvey, SR Mori, SL Smith, SL AF Fettig, Christopher J. Hayes, Christopher J. Jones, Karen J. Mckelvey, Stephen R. Mori, Sylvia L. Smith, Sheri L. TI Thinning Jeffrey pine stands to reduce susceptibility to bark beetle infestations in California, U.S.A. SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus brevicomis; Dendroctonus jeffreyi; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Ips; Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus ponderosa; Scolytinae; silviculture ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE HOPKINS; FIRE SURROGATE TREATMENTS; TREE MORTALITY; FUNNEL TRAPS; FORESTS; WESTERN; ATTACK; COLEOPTERA; UTAH AB 1 Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are commonly recognized as important tree mortality agents in coniferous forests of the western U.S.A. 2 High stand density is consistently associated with bark beetle infestations in western coniferous forests, and therefore thinning has long been advocated as a preventive measure to alleviate or reduce the amount of bark beetle-caused tree mortality. 3 The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of thinning to reduce stand susceptibility to bark beetle infestations over a 10-year period in Pinus jeffreyi forests on the Tahoe National Forest, California, U.S.A. Four treatments were replicated three times within 1-ha square experimental plots. Treatments included thinning from below (i.e. initiating in the smallest diameter classes) to a residual target basal area (cross-sectional area of trees at 1.37 m in height) of: (i) 18.4 m2/ha (low density thin); (ii) 27.6 m2/ha (medium density thin); (iii) 41.3 m2/ha (high density thin); and (iv) no stand manipulation (untreated control). 4 Throughout the present study, 107 trees died as a result of bark beetle attacks. Of these, 71% (75 trees) were Abies concolor killed by Scolytus ventralis; 20.6% (22 trees) were Pinus ponderosa killed by Dendroctonus ponderosae; 4.7% (five trees) were P. jeffreyi killed by Dendroctonus jeffreyi; 1.8% (two trees) were P. jeffreyi killed by Ips pini; 0.9% (one tree) were P. jeffreyi killed by Orthotomicus (= Ips) latidens; 0.9% (one tree) were P. ponderosa killed by both Dendroctonus brevicomis and D. ponderosae; and 0.9% (one tree) were P. jeffreyi killed by unknown causes. 5 In the low density thin, no pines were killed by bark beetles during the 10-year period. Significantly fewer trees (per ha/year) were killed in the low density thin than the high density thin or untreated control. No significant treatment effect was observed for the percentage of trees (per year) killed by bark beetles. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; Hayes, Christopher J.; Mckelvey, Stephen R.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Jones, Karen J.] USDA Forest Serv, Foresthill, CA 95631 USA. [Mori, Sylvia L.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Smith, Sheri L.] USDA Forest Serv, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us FU Special Technology and Development Program [R5-97-02] FX We thank R. Borys and C. Dabney (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service); D. Cluck (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service); C. Mautner (formerly University of California), M. Patterson (formerly University of Reno); A. Piscitelli (formerly Humboldt State University); and C. Stoll (formerly Chico State University) for technical assistance. In addition, we are grateful to the staff of the Truckee and Sierraville Ranger Districts, Tahoe National Forest (USDA Forest Service), for their assistance in executing these treatments, as well as P. Shea (formerly Pacific Southwest Research Station) for his vision in establishing this work. Special thanks are extended to C. Dabney and four anonymous reviewers for their critiques that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. This study was initiated with funds from a Special Technology and Development Program grant (R5-97-02) to S.L.S., A.S.M. and P.J.S., and maintained by a U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to C.J.F., the Pacific Southwest Research Station and Northeastern California Forest Health Protection group. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00543.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 877TC UT WOS:000299204600012 ER PT J AU Tavornpanich, S Wells, SJ Fossler, CP Roussel, AJ Gardner, IA AF Tavornpanich, Saraya Wells, Scott J. Fossler, Charles P. Roussel, Allen J. Gardner, Ian A. TI Evaluation of an alternative method of herd classification for infection with paratuberculosis in cattle herds in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; DAIRY HERDS; SUBSTANTIATE FREEDOM; PROBABILITY; PREVALENCE; STRATEGIES; COWS AB Objective-To develop a better system for classification of herd infection status for paretuberculosis (Johne's disease [JD]) in US cattle herds on the basis of the risk of potential transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Sample-Simulated data for herd size and within-herd prevalence; sensitivity and specificity for test methods obtained from consensus-based estimates. Procedures-Interrelationships among variables influencing interpretation and classification of herd infection status for JD were evaluated by use of simulated data for various herd sizes, true within-herd prevalences, and sampling and testing methods. The probability of finding >= 1 infected animal in herds was estimated for various testing methods and sample sizes by use of hypergeometric random sampling. Results-2 main components were required for the new herd JD classification system: the probability of detection of infection determined on the basis of test results from a sample of animals and the maximum detected number of animals with positive test results. Tables were constructed of the estimated probability of detection of infection, and the maximum number of cattle with positive test results or fecal pools with positive culture results with 95% confidence for classification of herd JD infection status were plotted. Herd risk for JD was categorized on the basis of 95% confidence that the true within-herd prevalence was <= 15%, <= 10%, <= 5 5%, or <= 2%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Analysis of the findings indicated that a scientifically rigorous and transparent herd classification system for JD in cattle is feasible. (Am J Vet Res 2012;73:248-256) C1 [Tavornpanich, Saraya; Wells, Scott J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fossler, Charles P.] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fossler, Charles P.] USDA APHIS Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Roussel, Allen J.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gardner, Ian A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wells, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wells023@umn.edu FU USDA APHIS FX Supported by USDA APHIS. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 73 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 885RN UT WOS:000299798600011 PM 22280386 ER PT J AU Kausch, KD Sobolev, AP Goyal, RK Fatima, T Laila-Beevi, R Saftner, RA Handa, AK Mattoo, AK AF Kausch, Kurt D. Sobolev, Anatoly P. Goyal, Ravinder K. Fatima, Tahira Laila-Beevi, Rekha Saftner, Robert A. Handa, Avtar K. Mattoo, Autar K. TI Methyl jasmonate deficiency alters cellular metabolome, including the aminome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE Aminome; Fruit metabolism; Lipoxygenase; Oxylipins; Tomato; Transgenics ID POLYAMINE METABOLISM; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ACID-COMPOSITION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; GLUTAMATE; PLANTS; LIPOXYGENASE AB Exogenous treatment with jasmonates (JA) has been shown to reduce the levels of polyamines in many plants. But the role of endogenous JA on polyamine biosynthesis or other cellular metabolites has thus far remained uninvestigated. We developed transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) having severely reduced methyl JA levels by silencing a fruit ripening-associated lipoxygenase (LOX), SlLoxB, using a truncated LOX gene under the control of the constitutive CaMV35S promoter. The LOX suppressed and MeJA-deficient fruits had lowered polyamine levels. Thus, these transgenic fruits were used as a plant model to evaluate the effects of reduced endogenous MeJA on cellular metabolites in ripening tomato fruits using NMR spectroscopy. During on-shelf ripening, transgenic fruits were significantly reduced in the content of 19 out of 30 metabolites examined, including Ile, Val, Ala, Thr, Asn Tyr, Glu, Gln, His, Phe, Trp, GABA, citrate, succinate, myo-inositol, unidentified compound B, nucleic acid compound Nucl1, choline, and trigonelline as compared to the wild-type azygous counterparts. A significant increase in beta-glucose levels in transgenic fruits was observed at the pink stage. The transgenic fruits were equivalent to the wild type in lycopene level and chlorophyll degradation rates. Taken together, these results show that intracellular MeJA significantly regulates overall primary metabolism, especially aminome (amino acids and polyamines) of ripening fruits. C1 [Goyal, Ravinder K.; Fatima, Tahira; Saftner, Robert A.; Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sobolev, Anatoly P.; Laila-Beevi, Rekha] CNR, Lab Risonanza Magnet Annalaura Segre, Ist Metodol Chim, I-00015 Rome, Italy. [Kausch, Kurt D.; Handa, Avtar K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov OI SOBOLEV, ANATOLY/0000-0001-8709-7666 NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 843 EP 856 DI 10.1007/s00726-011-1000-5 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 881RT UT WOS:000299506000042 PM 21814797 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Varel, VH AF Shelver, Weilin L. Varel, Vincent H. TI Development of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the measurement of chlortetracycline degradation in swine manure SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Analysis; Measurement; Manure treatment; Tandem MS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; RESIDUES; TETRACYCLINES; SULFONAMIDES; WATER; MILK; FATE AB An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed capable of simultaneously measuring chlortetracycline (CTC), epi-chlortetracycline, and isochlortetracycline (ICTC), as well as other structurally related tetracyclines in swine manure. A simple sample preparation was used consisting of extraction, dilution, centrifugation, and ultrafiltration. The concentrations of analyte were calculated using d(6)-tetracycline as an internal standard in the matrix-matched standard curve. A solvent gradient resolved the compounds in 3.5 min with an additional 1.5 min of re-equilibration allowing the analyses of a large number of samples in a short period of time. MS/MS was used as the detection method giving analyte confirmation in addition to a large dynamic range and low detection limit. The UHPLC-MS/MS method successfully resolved multiple degradation products of CTC from the complex manure matrix. The method detection limits ranged from 1.9 pg/mu L for CTC to 7.3 pg/mu L for ICTC, and the calibration curve was linear from 1 to 10,000 pg/mu L. The method was tested by measuring CTC and its degradation products as a function of time in incurred swine manure that had been incubated at three different temperatures (22 A degrees C, 38 A degrees C, and 55 A degrees C). CTC concentration at 22 A degrees C decreased 44% after 25 days; greater percentage decreases were observed when the manure was stored at elevated temperatures (96% and 98% for 38 A degrees C and 55 A degrees C, respectively). The concentration of the microbiologically inactivate isomer, ICTC, increased over the incubation period. At 22 A degrees C, ICTC continued to increase through 25 days of incubation; at 38 A degrees C, ICTC concentration plateaued on day 14 while at 55 A degrees C ICTC concentration plateaued on day 7, with concentration increases of 198%, 374%, and 282% for 22 A degrees C, 38 A degrees C, and 55 A degrees C, respectively. C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Varel, Vincent H.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM Weilin.Shelver@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 402 IS 5 BP 1931 EP 1939 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5637-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 886GA UT WOS:000299840700019 PM 22207281 ER PT J AU Lee, S Ward, TJ Graves, LM Wolf, LA Sperry, K Siletzky, RM Kathariou, S AF Lee, Sangmi Ward, Todd J. Graves, Lewis M. Wolf, Leslie A. Sperry, Kate Siletzky, Robin M. Kathariou, Sophia TI Atypical Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b Strains Harboring a Lineage II-Specific Gene Cassette SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPING ASSAY; EPIDEMIC CLONE-I; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; FOOD SAFETY; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; TOOL; PCR AB Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne illness. The population of L. monocytogenes is divided into four lineages (I to IV), and serotype 4b in lineage I has been involved in numerous outbreaks. Several serotype 4b epidemic-associated clonal groups (ECI, -II, and -Ia) have been identified. In this study, we characterized a panel of strains of serotype 4b that produced atypical results with a serotype-specific multiplex PCR and possessed the lmo0734 to Imo0739 gene cassette that had been thought to be specific to lineage II. The cassette was harbored in a genomically syntenic locus in these isolates and in lineage II strains. Three distinct clonal groups (groups 1 to 3) were identified among these isolates based on single-nucleotide polymorphism-based multilocus genotyping (MLGT) and DNA hybridization data. Groups 1 and 2 had MLGT haplotypes previously encountered among clinical isolates and were composed of clinical isolates from multiple states in the United States. In contrast, group 3 consisted of clinical and environmental isolates solely from North Carolina and exhibited a novel haplotype. In addition, all group 3 isolates had DNA that was resistant to MboI, suggesting methylation of adenines at GATC sites. Sequence analysis of the lmo0734 to lmo0739 gene cassette from two strains (group 1 and group 3) revealed that the genes were highly conserved (>99% identity). The data suggest relatively recent horizontal gene transfer from lineage II L. monocytogenes into L. monocytogenes serotype 4b and subsequent dissemination among at least three distinct clonal groups of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b, one of which exhibits restrictions in regional distribution. C1 [Lee, Sangmi; Siletzky, Robin M.; Kathariou, Sophia] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ward, Todd J.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Graves, Lewis M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wolf, Leslie A.; Sperry, Kate] NC Lab Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sophia_kathariou@ncsu.edu FU USDA [2006-35201-17377]; U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service FX This study was supported by USDA grant 2006-35201-17377 and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 78 IS 3 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1128/AEM.06378-11 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 882WI UT WOS:000299594200007 PM 22138999 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, DV Mavrodi, OV Parejko, JA Bonsall, RF Kwak, YS Paulitz, TC Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Mavrodi, Olga V. Parejko, James A. Bonsall, Robert F. Kwak, Youn-Sig Paulitz, Timothy C. Thomashow, Linda S. Weller, David M. TI Accumulation of the Antibiotic Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid in the Rhizosphere of Dryland Cereals SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SPP.; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTICS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOIL SUPPRESSIVENESS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PLANT-PATHOGENS; TAKE-ALL; WHEAT AB Natural antibiotics are thought to function in the defense, fitness, competitiveness, biocontrol activity, communication, and gene regulation of microorganisms. However, the scale and quantitative aspects of antibiotic production in natural settings are poorly understood. We addressed these fundamental questions by assessing the geographic distribution of indigenous phenazine-producing (Phz(+)) Pseudomonas spp. and the accumulation of the broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) in the rhizosphere of wheat grown in the low-precipitation zone (<350 mm) of the Columbia Plateau and in adjacent, higher-precipitation areas. Plants were collected from 61 commercial wheat fields located within an area of about 22,000 km(2). Phz(+) Pseudomonas spp. were detected in all sampled fields, with mean population sizes ranging from log 3.2 to log 7.1 g(-1) (fresh weight) of roots. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between annual precipitation and the proportion of plants colonized by Phz(+) Pseudomonas spp. (r(2) = 0.36, P = 0.0001). PCA was detected at up to nanomolar concentrations in the rhizosphere of plants from 26 of 29 fields that were selected for antibiotic quantitation. There was a direct relationship between the amount of PCA extracted from the rhizosphere and the population density of Phz(+) pseudomonads (r(2) = 0.46, P = 0.0006). This is the first demonstration of accumulation of significant quantities of a natural antibiotic across a terrestrial ecosystem. Our results strongly suggest that natural antibiotics can transiently accumulate in the plant rhizosphere in amounts sufficient not only for inter- and intraspecies signaling but also for the direct inhibition of sensitive organisms. C1 [Paulitz, Timothy C.; Thomashow, Linda S.; Weller, David M.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.; Mavrodi, Olga V.; Bonsall, Robert F.; Kwak, Youn-Sig] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Parejko, James A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thomashow@wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 78 IS 3 BP 804 EP 812 DI 10.1128/AEM.06784-11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 882WI UT WOS:000299594200023 PM 22138981 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Thibodeaux, D Gamble, G AF Liu, Yongliang Thibodeaux, Devron Gamble, Gary TI Characterization of Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectral Intensity Variations of Immature and Mature Cotton Fibers by Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Two-dimensional correlation analysis; Attenuated total reflection; ATR spectroscopy; Cotton fibers; Cellulose; Fiber maturity ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CELL-WALL; CELLULOSE; RAMAN; MICROSCOPY AB Two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis was applied to characterize the attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectral intensity fluctuations of immature and mature cotton fibers. Prior to 2D analysis, the spectra were leveled to zero at the peak intensity of 1800 cm(-1) and then were normalized at the peak intensity of 660 cm(-1) to subjectively correct the variations resulting from ATR sampling. Next, normalized spectra were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), and two clusters of immature and mature fibers were confirmed on the basis of the first principal component (PC1) negative and positive scores, respectively. The normalized spectra clearly demonstrated the intensity increase or decrease of the bands ascribed to different C-O confirmations of primary alcohols in the 1050-950 cm(-1) region, which was not apparent from raw ATR spectra. The PC1 increasing-induced 2D correlation analysis revealed remarkable differences between the immature and mature fibers. Of interest were that: (1) Both intensity increase of two bands at 968 and 956 cm(-1) and the shifting of 968 cm(-1) in immature fibers to 956 cm(-1) in mature fibers, together with the intensity decreasing and shifting of the 1048 and 1042 cm(-1) bands, are the characteristics of cotton fiber development and maturation. (2) Intensities of most bands in the 1800 1200 cm(-1) region decreased with the fiber growth, suggesting they are from either noncellulosic components or CH and OH fractions in amorphous celluloses. (3) The reverse sequence of intensity variations of the bands in the 1100-1000 cm(-1) and 1000-900 cm(-1) region of asynchronous spectra indicated a different mechanism of compositional and structural changes in developing cotton fibers at different growth stages. C1 [Liu, Yongliang; Thibodeaux, Devron; Gamble, Gary] ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1366/11-06440 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 886KZ UT WOS:000299854600009 PM 22449284 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Pierce, R Center, TD Pratt, PR Rayamajhi, MB AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Pierce, Ryan Center, Ted D. Pratt, Paul R. Rayamajhi, Min B. TI Post-biological control invasion trajectory for Melaleuca quinquenervia in a seasonally inundated wetland SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Seedling recruitment; Seed rain; Water regime ID PLANT-POPULATION DYNAMICS; WATER-LEVEL; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; HOST-RANGE; TREE; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT AB The recruitment and mortality of Melaleuca quinquenervia seedlings were evaluated over a 3-year period in a seasonally inundated wetland in the western Everglades region. The mean (+/- SE) density of seedlings/saplings m (1) declined from 64.8 (+/- 4.5) to 0.5 (+/- 0.2) over the 3 years, a population reduction of 99.2%. Four distinct water regimes characterized this site: dry, dry to wet transition, flooded, and wet to dry transition. Seedling recruitment was highest in the dry to wet transition and lowest in the flooded water regime, while mortality was highest under flooded and dry water regimes. The mean estimate of population growth (lambda) across water regimes was 0.64 +/- 0.05 indicating negative population growth. Elimination of introduced insect herbivores using insecticides did not reduce mortality of recruited M. quinquenervia seedlings/saplings indicating that direct herbivory was not responsible for the decline in seedling density. On the other hand, a mean of only 0.2 (+/- 0.03) viable seeds m (2) d (1) fell into the plots, an amount considerably lower than in previous studies. We submit that change in the invasion trajectory M. quinquenervia was most likely caused by reduced seed inputs from aerial seed banks depleted by insect herbivory rather than direct herbivory on seedlings. This may indicate a fundamental alteration of M. quinquenervia population dynamics ultimately resulting in a less invasive and, therefore, less ecologically damaging species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Center, Ted D.; Pratt, Paul R.; Rayamajhi, Min B.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Pierce, Ryan] Alan Plummer Associates Inc, Dallas, TX 75247 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM Philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.10.003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 880SQ UT WOS:000299427900012 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Leblanc, L Putoa, R Pinero, JC AF Vargas, Roger I. Leblanc, Luc Putoa, Rudolph Pinero, Jaime C. TI Population dynamics of three Bactrocera spp. fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and two introduced natural enemies, Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), after an invasion by Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in Tahiti SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Oriental fruit fly; Queensland fruit fly; B. kirki; Classical biological control; Competitive displacement ID OPIINE PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; MELON FLY DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ABUNDANCE; KAUAI; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS; ORCHARD; COMPLEX AB Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), invaded French Polynesia in 1996. In 2002 a natural enemy, Fopius arisanus (Sonan), was released and established. By 2009 mean (+/- SD) F. arisanus parasitism for fruit flies infesting Psidium guajava (common guava), Inocarpus fagifer (Polynesian chestnut) and Terminalia catappa (tropical almond) fruits on Tahiti Island was 64.8 +/- 2.0%. A second parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), was released and established in 2008. Although widespread, parasitism rates have not been higher than 10%. From 2003 (parasitoid establishment) to 2009 (present survey) numbers of B. dorsalis, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), Queensland fruit fly, and Bactrocera kirki (Froggatt) emerging (per kg of fruit) declined. For example, for P. guajava there was a decline of 92.3%, 96.8%, and 99.6%, respectively. Analysis of co-infestation patterns (1998-2009) of B. dorsalis, B. tryoni, and B. kirki, suggest B. dorsalis is now the most abundant species in many common host fruits. Establishment of F. arisanus is the most successful example of classical biological control of fruit flies in the Pacific outside of Hawaii and can be introduced if B. dorsalis spreads to other French Polynesian islands, as was the recent case when B. dorsalis spread to the Marquesas Islands. These studies support F. arisanus as a prime biological control candidate for introduction into South America and Africa where Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock and Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta, and White, respectively, have become established. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vargas, Roger I.] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Leblanc, Luc] Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Putoa, Rudolph] Serv Dev Rural, Dept Protect Vegetaux, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Pinero, Jaime C.] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM Roger.vargas@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; Foreign Agricultural Service; ARS, Area-Wide Pest Management FX We are grateful to Neil Miller and Steven Souder, USDA, ARS, PBARC, Hilo, HI for their assistance with this research and manuscript. We also appreciate the technical assistance in French Polynesia of Frederic Riveta, Axelle Maitere, Berthe Neagle, Djeeen Cheou, Jules Wohler, and Jean-Marc Tinirau, Service du Developpement Rural, Departement de la Protection des Vegetaux, Papeete, Tahiti. We thank Ronald Mau, John Stark and Victoria Yokoyama for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. Without USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service and ARS, Area-Wide Pest Management funds, this work could not have been accomplished. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.10.012 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 880SQ UT WOS:000299427900017 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Bruckart, WL AF Berner, D. K. Bruckart, W. L. TI Comparing predictions from mixed model equations with host range determinations from historical disease evaluation data of two previously released weed biological control pathogens SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BLUP; Classical biological control; Invasive weeds; Mixed model equation validation; Musk thistle; Plant pathogens; Yellow starthistle ID JACEAE VAR. SOLSTITIALIS; SUPPLEMENTAL RISK EVALUATIONS; LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION; PUCCINIA-CARDUORUM; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; MUSK THISTLE; BREEDING VALUES; RUSSIAN THISTLE; RUST FUNGUS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Host range determination is essential to risk assessments of classical biological weed control agents and needed for petitions to release of agents into non-native areas. Recently Henderson's mixed model equations (MME) were adapted to evaluating host ranges of two biological control pathogens. This was accomplished by incorporating genetic relatedness, in the form of DNA sequences, with disease evaluation data among target and non-target plants to generate best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of disease reaction among these plant species. Although qualities of MME analysis provide inherent validation of the approach, it has been difficult to validate by comparison with historical host range determination or field data. These types of data are virtually non-existent, because original, raw host range data from replicated tests have, for the most part, been lost, and host-range data from tests or monitoring of multiple plant species in the field are extremely limited. In this study, the host-ranges of two biological weed control pathogens previously released in the USA were re-evaluated with the MME and historical host-range data. Results showed that: BLUPs confirmed the narrow host range of the two pathogens; BLUPs supported and substantiated currently available information on host range; BLUPs were accurate predictors of host range, particularly concerning susceptibility of any non-target species in the field; and no new, unforeseen non-target effects could be expected in nature on the basis of BLUPs. Thus, validation was made for MME analysis in predicting known field host-range from greenhouse data. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Berner, D. K.; Bruckart, W. L.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM dana.berner@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.10.007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 880SQ UT WOS:000299427900018 ER PT J AU Maketon, C Fortuna, AM Okubara, PA AF Maketon, Chan Fortuna, Ann-Marie Okubara, Patricia A. TI Cultivar-dependent transcript accumulation in wheat roots colonized by Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 wild type and mutant strains SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE DAPG; GST; Jasmonate signaling; Oxidative stress; PGPR; Root defense; Triticum aestivum ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; III SECRETION SYSTEM; PLANT-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR-PATTERNS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GENE-EXPRESSION; RHIZOSPHERE; RESPONSES AB In Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), the root-colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Q8r1-96 produces the antifungal metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), suppresses damage caused by soilborne root pathogens, and modulates multiple stress or defense pathways in wheat roots. To test the hypothesis that DAPG is an inducer of root defense responses, we compared the impact of wild type and a DAPG null mutant on the abundance of fifteen wheat root defense gene homologues in two wheat cultivars, Buchanan and Tara, using real-time PCR. We also sought to determine whether the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Q8r1-96 is important for root defense gene induction by using a T3SS deletion mutant of Q8r1-96. Transcripts encoding dihydroxyacetone reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, a hypersensitive response-induced protein, pathogenesis-related protein10a (PR-10a) and two glutathione-S-transferases were induced in a strain-dependent manner relative to no-bacterium controls within the 24-h interval of the study. Our findings indicated that neither DAPG nor the T3SS were key single factors in the expression of all the root defense homologues. However, gene expression was induced to a greater degree in cv. Buchanan compared to cv. Tara. Clusters of co-induced transcripts also differed with the host cultivar-bacterial strain combination. Cultivar dependence of molecular root defense responses to biocontrol P. fluorescens has implications for the utility of biocontrol pseudomonads in greenhouse and field crop production systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Okubara, Patricia A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fortuna, Ann-Marie] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, 367A Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pokubara@wsu.edu FU USDA ARS [5248-22000-012-00D] FX The authors are grateful to Jos Raaijmakers for strain 4C5, Dmitri Mavrodi and Linda Thomashow for strain Delta OPQR, and Brenda Schroeder and Dmitri Mavrodi for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was funded by USDA ARS Project Number 5248-22000-012-00D (P.O.). References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.11.002 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 880SQ UT WOS:000299427900019 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Lazarova, DL AF Zeng, Huawei Lazarova, Darina L. TI Obesity-related colon cancer: Dietary factors and their mechanisms of anticancer action SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colon cancer; dietary factor; inflammation; insulin resistance; obesity ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; VITAMIN-D; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DNA-DAMAGE; RISK; CELLS AB 1. Overweight/obesity is an epidemic in the US as well as in other developed countries, affecting two-thirds of Americans and an estimated 2.3 billion people worldwide. Obesity increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. For example, epidemiological studies have established a strong association between obesity and colon cancer. C1 [Zeng, Huawei] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Lazarova, Darina L.] Commonwealth Med Coll, Dept Basic Sci, Scranton, PA USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM huawei.zeng@ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-1870 J9 CLIN EXP PHARMACOL P JI Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 39 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05518.x PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology GA 883FC UT WOS:000299618600008 PM 21418088 ER PT J AU Oakley, BB Line, JE Berrang, ME Johnson, JM Buhr, RJ Cox, NA Hiett, KL Seal, BS AF Oakley, Brian B. Line, J. Eric Berrang, Mark E. Johnson, Jessica M. Buhr, R. Jeff Cox, Nelson A. Hiett, Kelli L. Seal, Bruce S. TI Pyrosequencing-based validation of a simple cell-suspension polymerase chain reaction assay for Campylobacter with application of high-processivity polymerase and novel internal amplification controls for rapid and specific detection SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; Pyrosequencing; Internal amplification control (IAC); Molecular diagnostics ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; REAL-TIME PCR; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; RARE BIOSPHERE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; FECAL SAMPLES; SEQUENCE DATA; JEJUNI; COLI; PRIMERS AB Although Campylobacter is an important food-borne human pathogen, there remains a lack of molecular diagnostic assays that are simple to use, cost-effective, and provide rapid results in research, clinical, or regulatory laboratories. Of the numerous Campylobacter assays that do exist, to our knowledge none has been empirically tested for specificity using high-throughput sequencing. Here we demonstrate the power of next-generation sequencing to determine the specificity of a widely cited Campylobacter-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and describe a rapid method for direct cell suspension PCR to quickly and easily screen samples for Campylobacter. We present a specific protocol which eliminates the need for time-consuming and expensive genomic DNA extractions and, using a high-processivity polymerase, demonstrate conclusive screening of samples in <1 h. Pyrosequencing results show the assay to be extremely (>99%) sensitive, and spike-back experiments demonstrated a detection threshold of <10(2) CFU mL(-1). Additionally, we present 2 newly designed broad-range bacterial primer sets targeting the 23S rRNA gene that have wide applicability as internal amplification controls. Empirical testing of putative taxon-specific assays using high-throughput sequencing is an important validation step that is now financially feasible for research, regulatory, or clinical applications. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oakley, Brian B.; Line, J. Eric; Buhr, R. Jeff; Cox, Nelson A.; Hiett, Kelli L.; Seal, Bruce S.] ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Berrang, Mark E.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antibiot Resistance Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Johnson, Jessica M.] S Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA. RP Oakley, BB (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM brian.oakley@ars.usda.gov FU ARS; USDA CRIS [6612-32000-055]; commercial poultry company FX Funding was provided by the ARS, USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-055 Molecular Characterization and Gastrointestinal Tract Ecology of Commensal Human Food-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in the Chicken.; The authors acknowledge the generous support of a commercial poultry company and the excellent technical assistance of Eric Adams, Manju Amin, Susan Brooks, Johnna Garrish, Jeremy Jackson, Susan Mize, and Luanne Rigsby. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.11.001 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 882YR UT WOS:000299600300003 PM 22248734 ER PT J AU Hasnaoui, N Buonamici, A Sebastiani, F Mars, M Zhang, DP Vendramin, GG AF Hasnaoui, Nejib Buonamici, Anna Sebastiani, Federico Mars, Messaoud Zhang, Dapeng Vendramin, Giovanni G. TI Molecular genetic diversity of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) as revealed by microsatellite DNA markers (SSR) SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Punica granatum; Microsatellite; Genotype; Allele; SSR development; Synonymous group ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENOTYPES; AFLP; RAPD; POLYMORPHISM; VARIABILITY; ACCESSIONS; PROFILES AB Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the oldest known edible fruits and more and more it arouse interest of scientific community given its numerous biological activities. However, information about its genetic resources and characterization using reliable molecular markers are still scarce. In the present study, we report the development of 4 new polymorphic SSR markers. They have been used in addition to 11 SSRs previously published to investigate molecular diversity of 33 P. granatum ecotypes. Based on the multi-locus profiles, twenty-two distinctive genotypes were identified. Globally, quite low genetic diversity has been revealed, as measured by allele richness (2.83 per locus) and heterozygosity (He =0.245; Ho =0.243), reflecting the narrow genetic background of the plant material. Four synonymous groups could be detected involving 15 accessions. Results of ordination and cluster analysis suggested that almost all the Tunisian cultivars share similar genetic background, and are likely derived from a small number of introductions in ancient times. Results issued from this study provide essential information to project a pomegranate corecollection without plant material duplication and for sustainable management of pomegranate landraces at national and international level. Furthermore, these SSR markers are powerful tool for marker assisted selection (MAS) program and for QTL studies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hasnaoui, Nejib; Mars, Messaoud] UR Agrobiodivers, Higher Agron Inst, Chott Meriam 4042, Sousse, Tunisia. [Hasnaoui, Nejib] Fac Sci Tunis, Lab Mol Genet Immunol & Biotechnol, Tunis 2092, Tunisia. [Buonamici, Anna; Vendramin, Giovanni G.] Inst Genet Vegetale CNR IGV, Florence, Italy. [Sebastiani, Federico] Univ Florence, Dpt Biotechnol Agr, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Zhang, Dapeng] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hasnaoui, N (reprint author), Agrobio Tech, Unite Chim Biol Ind, Passage Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. EM nejibhasnaoui@yahoo.fr RI Vendramin, Giovanni G/K-9731-2014; OI Vendramin, Giovanni G/0000-0001-9921-7872; SEBASTIANI, FEDERICO/0000-0003-4676-7381 FU Genexpress; Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technology FX NH is grateful to the Genexpress' staff for their technical and financial support. NH' stay in Florence (Italy) was supported by grant (Bourse d'Alternance) from the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technology. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 493 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2011.11.012 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 885UH UT WOS:000299805800014 PM 22123180 ER PT J AU Kaspar, KL Park, JS Mathison, BD Brown, CR Massimino, S Chew, BP AF Kaspar, Kerrie L. Park, Jean S. Mathison, Bridget D. Brown, Charles R. Massimino, Stefan Chew, Boon P. TI Processing of pigmented-flesh potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) on the retention of bioactive compounds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioactive compounds; drum drying; freeze drying; potatoes; Refractance Window (TM) drying ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CAROTENOID CONTENT; BETA-CAROTENE; ANTHOCYANIN; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; CAPACITY; STORAGE; VALUES; FRESH AB Retention of bioactive compounds in white- (WFP), yellow- (YFP), red- (RFP) and purple (PFP)-fleshed potatoes after drum-drying (DD) and Refractance Window (TM) drying (RW) was compared with freeze-drying (FD). Processing, generally, did not influence total phenolics. Total carotenoid was high in YFP, but decreased with DD. Both DD and RW decreased lutein concentration in YFP. The RFP and PFP had the highest total anthocyanin, and their concentrations were decreased by DD. RW decreased total anthocyanin in PFP only. Total antioxidant activity in WFP was higher with DD but lower with RW. In contrast, DD and RW drying had no significant effect on total antioxidants in YFP, RFP and PFP. Therefore, drying generally decreased antioxidants, with FD and RW retaining the highest concentration of bioactive compounds. C1 [Kaspar, Kerrie L.; Mathison, Bridget D.; Chew, Boon P.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Park, Jean S.; Massimino, Stefan] P&G Pet Care, Lewisburg, OH 45338 USA. [Brown, Charles R.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Chew, BP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM boonchew@wsu.edu FU PG Pet Care FX We thank P&G Pet Care for their financial support. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 2 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02850.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 875YW UT WOS:000299073300021 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Stelinski, LL Hebert, V Gut, L Light, D Brunner, J AF Knight, A. L. Stelinski, L. L. Hebert, V. Gut, L. Light, D. Brunner, J. TI Evaluation of novel semiochemical dispensers simultaneously releasing pear ester and sex pheromone for mating disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; apple; codlemone; plant volatile; semiochemical dispenser ID CYDIA-POMONELLA L.; TREATED ORCHARDS; APPLE ORCHARDS; KAIROMONE; ATTRACTION; CODLEMONE; RESPONSES AB The performance of polyvinyl chloride polymer (PVC) dispensers loaded with two rates of ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) plus the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was compared with similar dispensers and two commercial dispensers (Isomate (R) and CheckMate (R)) loaded only with codlemone. Dispenser evaluations were conducted in replicated small (0.1 ha) and large (2 ha) field trials in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen), during 2006 (Washington) and 2007 (Michigan, large plot study only). Data recorded included male captures in traps baited with virgin female moths and codlemone lures and direct observations of moth behaviour in treated plots. Volatile air collections of field-aged dispensers were conducted under laboratory conditions. Disruption of male catch in codlemone-baited traps was generally similar among dispenser treatments, except for two instances: lower moth catches with the single and dual-component PVC dispensers, compared with Isomate (R), during the first flight in the large plots in Michigan in 2007 and for the dual-component PVC dispenser compared with the CheckMate (R) dispenser during the second flight in small plots in Washington in 2006. Levels of fruit injury were similar in large plots treated with all dispensers. Male moth catches in virgin female-baited traps did not differ among dispenser treatments and were significantly lower than the untreated control. Behavioural observations of adult moths in the field verified anemotactic approaches within 20 cm of pheromone dispensers loaded with and without pear ester that lasted ca. 15 s on average. Field-aged dual-component dispensers released pear ester at a >5-fold higher rate than codlemone over the first 8 weeks and this ratio declined to near unity by 18 weeks. C1 [Knight, A. L.] ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Stelinski, L. L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Hebert, V.] Washington State Univ, Food & Environm Qual Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Gut, L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Light, D.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Brunner, J.] Washington State Univ, Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM alan.knight@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01633.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873JO UT WOS:000298879200008 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, W. L. TI Behavioural responses by Rhagoletis indifferens (Dipt., Tephritidae) to sweet cherry treated with kaolin- and limestone-based products SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cocoon; Eclipse; particle film technology; Purshade; Surround; western cherry fruit fly ID PARTICLE FILM; FRUIT-FLY; OVIPOSITION; HOMOPTERA; INSECTICIDES; LEPIDOPTERA; SUPPRESSION; CURCULIONIDAE; TORTRICIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Kaolin- and limestone-based products were compared for their effects on two behavioural responses, landing and oviposition, to sweet cherry by Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Dipt., Tephritidae). Surround (95% calcined kaolin), Cocoon (100% hydrous kaolin), Eclipse (>97% limestone) and Purshade (62.5% limestone) were studied. Overall, in choice and no-choice tests, Surround reduced landing and oviposition more than Cocoon, Eclipse and Purshade. However, all products significantly reduced landing and oviposition compared with untreated controls. In choice tests, high fly density increased the proportion of eggs laid in cherries treated with Surround, Cocoon, or Eclipse vs. cherries that were untreated when compared with low fly density. Applications of 3% followed by 6% Surround reduced landings and oviposition more than two applications of 10% Cocoon, Eclipse, or Purshade. Surround caused higher mortality than Cocoon and Eclipse. In the field, Surround reduced production of puparia from cherries by 32.3% to 100%, depending on the trees sprayed. Surround provided the best protection for cherries against R. indifferens, but limestone-based products potentially might be modified to be oviposition deterrents. Consideration should be given to fly densities when using particle films to protect fruit. C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov FU NovaSource Tessenderlo Group, Phoenix, AZ FX I thank Robert Goughnour for technical assistance, Blair Wolfley and Clark County (Washington state) General Services for providing space and trees for the work, Kurt Volker, Peter Barrows, Peter Landolt, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript, and NovaSource Tessenderlo Group, Phoenix, AZ for partial funding of the project. This work reports results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a recommendation for its use by USDA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01603.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873JO UT WOS:000298879200012 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Adams, T Rogg, H AF Landolt, P. J. Adams, T. Rogg, H. TI Trapping spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with combinations of vinegar and wine, and acetic acid and ethanol SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractant; bait; detection; lure; monitoring; spotted wing drosophila; trap ID XESTIA-C-NIGRUM; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS; LACANOBIA-SUBJUNCTA; MELANOGASTER; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ACETATE AB Recommendations for monitoring spotted wing drosophila (SWD) Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) are to use either vinegar or wine as a bait for traps. Traps baited with vinegar and traps baited with wine, in field tests in northwest Oregon, captured large numbers of male and female SWD flies. Numbers of SWD trapped were significantly greater with a mixture of vinegar and wine compared with vinegar alone or wine alone. Attraction of SWD to vinegar and wine may be due in part to responses to acetic acid and ethanol evaporated from the two baits, respectively. Numbers of SWD captured in traps baited with 2% acetic acid in water were significantly greater than in unbaited traps, indicating a fly response to acetic acid. Very few flies were captured in traps baited with 10% ethanol in water. Traps baited with a combination of acetic acid and ethanol in water captured more SWD flies than traps baited with acetic acid or ethanol solutions alone. These results indicate a synergy of the two materials, and of the two chemicals, as lures for SWD. A comparison of a mixture of acetic acid with ethanol in water versus a mixture of vinegar with wine showed stronger fly attraction to the vinegar/wine mixture, indicating potential attractiveness of vinegar and wine volatiles in addition to acetic acid and ethanol. C1 [Landolt, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Adams, T.; Rogg, H.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM peter.landolt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01646.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873JO UT WOS:000298879200015 ER PT J AU James, RR Xu, J AF James, R. R. Xu, J. TI Mechanisms by which pesticides affect insect immunity SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Immunotoxicity; Insect immunity; Insect pathology; Oxidative stress; Pesticides; Sublethal effects ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA LARVAE; HONEYBEES APIS-MELLIFERA; CULEX-PIPIENS-PALLENS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION AB The current state of knowledge regarding the effect of pesticides on insect immunity is reviewed here. A basic understanding of these interactions is needed for several reasons, including to improve methods for controlling pest insects in agricultural settings, for controlling insect vectors of human diseases, and for reducing mortality in beneficial insects. Bees are particularly vulnerable to sublethal pesticide exposures because they gather nectar and pollen, concentrating environmental toxins in their nests in the process. Pesticides do have effects on immunity. Organophosphates and some botanicals have been found to impact hemocyte number, differentiation, and thus affect phagocytosis. The phenoloxidase cascade and malanization have also been shown to be affected by several insecticides. Many synthetic insecticides increase oxidative stress, and this could have severe impacts on the production of some antimicrobial peptides in insects, but research is needed to determine the actual effects. Pesticides can also affect grooming behaviors, rendering insects more susceptible to disease. Despite laboratory data documenting pesticide/pathogen interactions, little field data is available at the population level. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [James, R. R.] Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pollinating Insects Res Unit,Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Xu, J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pollinating Insects Res Unit,Dept Biol, UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Rosalind.James@ars.usda.gov; Junhuan.xu@usu.edu FU USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Biology, Management and Systematics Research Unit in Logan, UT FX This project was funded by the USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Biology, Management and Systematics Research Unit in Logan, UT. NR 75 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 11 U2 101 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.12.005 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 886MC UT WOS:000299857500001 PM 22206912 ER PT J AU Traver, BE Williams, MR Fell, RD AF Traver, Brenna E. Williams, Matthew R. Fell, Richard D. TI Comparison of within hive sampling and seasonal activity of Nosema ceranae in honey bee colonies SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nosema ceranae; Sampling; Real-time PCR; Apis mellifera; Seasonality ID APIS-MELLIFERA; MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE; 1ST DETECTION; INFECTION; WORKER; ZANDER; EUROPE; HYMENOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; AUSTRALIA AB Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, that is found worldwide and in multiple Apis spp.: however, little is known about the effects of N. ceranae on A. mellifera. Previous studies using spore counts suggest that there is no longer a seasonal cycle for N. ceranae and that it is found year round with little variation in infection intensity among months. Our goal was to determine whether infection levels differ in bees collected from different areas of the hive and if there may be seasonal differences in N. ceranae infections. A multiplex species-specific real-time PCR assay was used for the detection and quantification of N. ceranae. Colonies were sampled monthly from September 2009-2010 by collecting workers from honey supers, the fringe of the brood nest, and the brood nest. We found that all bees sampled were infected with N. ceranae and that there was no significant difference in infection levels among the different groups of bees sampled (P = 0.74). However, significant differences in colony infection levels were found at different times of the year (P < 0.01) with the highest levels in April-June and lower levels in the fall and winter. While our study was only performed for one year, it sheds light on the fact that there may be a seasonality to N. ceranae infections. Being able to predict future N. ceranae infections can be used to better advise beekeepers on N. ceranae management. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Traver, Brenna E.; Fell, Richard D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Williams, Matthew R.] Natl Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Traver, BE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, 501K Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM traverb@vt.edu FU National Honey Board; Virginia Agricultural Council; NSFS-STEM [DUE -0850198]; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science; Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis at Virginia Tech FX We thank Aaron Mullins, Mark Chorba, Chris Faith, and James Wilson for help with sampling and Grace Mulholland, Eric Evert, Rebecca McCunniff, and Melissa Reiu for technical assistance. We also thank Carlyle Brewster, Yanping (Judy) Chen, and Igor Sharakhov for editorial comments. This project was funded by grants from the National Honey Board and the Virginia Agricultural Council. Funding for B.E.Traver was in part provided for by a NSFS-STEM grant (DUE -0850198) and funding for M.R. Williams was through the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science Doctoral Scholars Program and the Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis at Virginia Tech. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.11.001 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 886MC UT WOS:000299857500003 PM 22085836 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Popham, HJR AF Behle, Robert W. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Laboratory and field evaluations of the efficacy of a fast-killing baculovirus isolate from Spodoptera frugiperda SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; Baculovirus; Formulation; Speed of kill; Half-life ID SPRAY-DRIED FORMULATIONS; MULTIPLE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; TRICHOPLUSIA NI; EGT GENE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; BIOINSECTICIDE; INACTIVATION; BIOCONTROL AB Three biopesticide parameters were evaluated for a fast-killing isolate (3AP2) and a wild-type isolate (Sf3) of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV). Both isolates were evaluated for virus production using in vivo methods, for speed of kill based on bioassay of applications to glasshouse-grown and field-grown plants, and for residual insecticidal activity of unformulated virus and an encapsulating formulation to provide UV protection. Two inoculation rates comparing relative in vivo production of the isolates demonstrated 3AP2 inoculated larvae were significantly smaller than Sf3 inoculated larvae at death. At the lower inoculation rate, Sf3 inoculated larvae produced approximately twofold more occlusion bodies as the 3AP2 inoculated larvae. A model system of applications to cabbage plants and a bioassay to observe mortality of neonate S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith) after feeding on samples of treated leaves was used to evaluate speed of kill and residual insecticidal activity. The LT50 for the 3AP2 isolate was at least 30 h less than the LT50 for the Sf3 isolate when applied to either glasshouse-grown or field-grown plants. The spray-dried lignin encapsulating formulation provided similar benefits to both virus isolates when exposed to simulated sunlight in the laboratory and to natural sunlight in the field. For treatment applications to field grown cabbage in June, the half-life for efficacy of unformulated virus was <7.5 h compared with a half-life of >26.7 h for encapsulated virus. These results demonstrate that improved technologies can be combined to address characteristics which otherwise can limit the commercial potential of microbial-based biological insecticides. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Behle, Robert W.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Popham, Holly J. R.] ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ Ave, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM robert.behle@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.11.002 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 886MC UT WOS:000299857500004 PM 22100417 ER PT J AU Cordes, N Huang, WF Strange, JP Cameron, SA Griswold, TL Lozier, JD Solter, LF AF Cordes, Nils Huang, Wei-Fone Strange, James P. Cameron, Sydney A. Griswold, Terry L. Lozier, Jeffrey D. Solter, Leellen F. TI Interspecific geographic distribution and variation of the pathogens Nosema bombi and Crithidia species in United States bumble bee populations SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bombus species; Pollinator decline; Microsporidia; Trypanosomatida; rRNA; Crithidia species; Nosema bombi ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; PARASITE PREVALENCE; WILD BUMBLEBEES; HOST-PARASITE; DECLINE; HYMENOPTERA; TERRESTRIS; MICROSPORA; APIDAE; POLLINATORS AB Several bumble bee (Bombus) species in North America have undergone range reductions and rapid declines in relative abundance. Pathogens have been suggested as causal factors, however, baseline data on pathogen distributions in a large number of bumble bee species have not been available to test this hypothesis. In a nationwide survey of the US, nearly 10,000 specimens of 36 bumble bee species collected at 284 sites were evaluated for the presence and prevalence of two known Bombus pathogens, the microsporidium Nosema bombi and trypanosomes in the genus Crithidia. Prevalence of Crithidia was <= 10% for all host species examined but was recorded from 21% of surveyed sites. Crithidia was isolated from 15 of the 36 Bombus species screened, and were most commonly recovered from Bombus bifarius, Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus impatiens and Bombus mixtus. Nosema bombi was isolated from 22 of the 36 US Bombus species collected. Only one species with more than 50 sampled bees, Bombus appositus, was free of the pathogen; whereas, prevalence was highest in Bombus occidentalis and Bombus pensylvanicus, two species that are reportedly undergoing population declines in North America. A variant of a tetranucleotide repeat in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the N. bombi rRNA gene, thus far not reported from European isolates, was isolated from ten US Bombus hosts, appearing in varying ratios in different host species. Given the genetic similarity of the rRNA gene of N. bombi sampled in Europe and North America to date, the presence of a unique isolate in US bumble could reveal one or more native North American strains and indicate that N. bombi is enzootic across the Holarctic Region, exhibiting some genetic isolation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Wei-Fone; Solter, Leellen F.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Cordes, Nils] Univ Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [Strange, James P.; Griswold, Terry L.] Utah State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cameron, Sydney A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. [Cameron, Sydney A.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. [Lozier, Jeffrey D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Solter, LF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM lsolter@illinois.edu RI Huang, Wei-Fong/N-3845-2013; OI Strange, James/0000-0002-9612-6868 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service (B. White) [101816M577, 1342070275]; Agricultural Experiment Station [ILLU-65-0344]; USDA CSREES/NRI [AG 2007-35302-18324] FX The authors thank J. Koch, J. Knoblett, M. Behle, D. Bonnie. C. Russell, G. Lamba, H. Ikerd, J. Grixti, I. Stewart, W. Stewart, P. Karnstedt, S. Czarnik, L. Lewis, D. Young, J. Cech, J. Whitfield, H. Hines, and C. Rasmussen for assistance in the field and laboratory, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This research was supported in part by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (B. White), Cooperative Agreement Nos. 101816M577 and 1342070275 for support of pathogen research in California and Oregon; the Agricultural Experiment Station Project No. ILLU-65-0344 for preliminary studies; and major funding by USDA CSREES/NRI No. AG 2007-35302-18324. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 10 U2 104 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.11.005 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 886MC UT WOS:000299857500006 PM 22119631 ER PT J AU Gao, YL Oppert, B Lord, JC Liu, CX Lei, ZR AF Gao, Yulin Oppert, Brenda Lord, Jeffrey C. Liu, Chenxi Lei, Zhongren TI Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin increases the susceptibility of Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata to Beauveria bassiana infection SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry3Aa toxin; Spotted asparagus beetle; Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata ID FUNGUS METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; BIOPESTICIDES; LEPIDOPTERA AB The spotted asparagus beetle, Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most devastating pests of asparagus in China. Sprayed synthetic pesticides have been used to control C. quatuordecimpunctata damage, but they pose problems because of residues and harm to natural enemies. Neither the microbial coleopteran-specific toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis, Cry3Aa, nor the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana have sufficient activity to effectively control C. quatuordecimpunctata damage to asparagus. However, second instar C. quatuordecimpunctata larvae exposed to a sublethal dose of Cry3Aa toxin demonstrated significantly higher larval mortality when exposed to B. bassiana. Our results suggest that a combination of Cry3Aa and B. bassiana may be effective in reducing damage by C. quatuordecimpunctata larvae to asparagus. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Yulin; Liu, Chenxi; Lei, Zhongren] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Oppert, Brenda; Lord, Jeffrey C.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lei, ZR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zrlei@ippcaas.cn FU earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China [Nycytx-35-gw27] FX This research was supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China (Nycytx-35-gw27). We thank J. Wang (IPP) and J.H. Gao (ZJU) for preparing Bt Cry3Aa toxin. We are grateful to Rosalind James, Patricia Tamez-Guerra, Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes, and Michael Meissle for helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.12.003 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 886MC UT WOS:000299857500013 PM 22200644 ER PT J AU Leksrisompong, PP Whitson, ME Truong, VD Drake, MA AF Leksrisompong, P. P. Whitson, M. E. Truong, V. D. Drake, M. A. TI SENSORY ATTRIBUTES AND CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF SWEET POTATO CULTIVARS WITH VARYING FLESH COLORS SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID ANTHOCYANINS AB The sensory characteristics of sweet potatoes (n = 12 cultivars) with varying flesh color (orange, purple, yellow) and the impact of flesh colors on consumer acceptance were evaluated. A lexicon was developed for sweet potato flavor followed by consumer acceptance testing conducted with and without blindfold conditions to identify if color or visual cues impacted consumer acceptance. Cluster analysis was performed on overall liking scores followed by external preference mapping to identify the drivers of liking for sweet potatoes. The lexicon differentiated sweet potatoes. Appearance (visual appearance) positively impacted liking scores of products that were not well liked but had a lower impact on liking when the sweet potato was well liked suggesting that flavor and texture were the driving attributes for liking. Three consumer clusters were found for overall liking. All clusters liked smooth texture, brown sugar and dried apricot flavor and sweet taste and disliked bitter, umami, astringent mouthfeel, vanilla aroma and residual fibers. Clusters were differentiated by the liking of visual moistness and color homogeneity, white potato, canned carrot and dried apricot flavors, chalky, firmness, denseness and fibrous texture. Sweet potatoes with unfamiliar colors were accepted by all consumers but different sensory characteristics appealed to different consumer groups. C1 [Leksrisompong, P. P.; Whitson, M. E.; Truong, V. D.; Drake, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Truong, V. D.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mdrake@unity.ncsu.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-8250 EI 1745-459X J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2011.00367.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 884TC UT WOS:000299730700006 ER PT J AU Ouyang, Y Higman, J Hatten, J AF Ouyang, Ying Higman, John Hatten, Jeff TI Estimation of dynamic load of mercury in a river with BASINS-HSPF model SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE BASINS; HSPF; Mercury load; Watershed modeling ID WISCONSIN USA LAKES; SEDIMENT; FLORIDA; AREAS; CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENT; MICHIGAN; LEVEL AB Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring element and a pervasive toxic pollutant. This study investigated the dynamic loads of Hg from the Cedar-Ortega Rivers watershed into the Lower St. Johns River (LSJR), Florida, USA, using the better assessment science integrating point and nonpoint sources (BASINS)-hydrologic simulation program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model. The site-specific BASINS-HSPF model was developed for dynamic loads of Hg based on watershed, meteorological, and hydrological conditions. The model was calibrated and validated with existing field data. It was then applied to predict the daily and annual loads of Hg from the watershed outlet into the LSJR in response to rainfall events and water fluxes. In general, the predicted average daily total Hg flux during the 10-year simulation period was about 0.69 g ha(-1) year(-1). This finding was within the range of 0.22-1.41 g ha(-1) year(-1) reported in the Florida Everglades area. Simulations further revealed that the effects of rainfall events on Hg loading were significant, particularly in a very wet period. A maximum total Hg flux was predicted during this wet period at a rate of 122.59 g ha(-1) year(-1). Results from this study provide a useful case study on estimating Hg contamination in watersheds. The approaches used in this study could be transferred to estimate the dynamic loads of Hg in watersheds from other regions. C1 [Ouyang, Ying] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Higman, John] Dept Water Resources, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. [Hatten, Jeff] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ouyang, Y (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 100 Stone Blvd,Thompson Hall,Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM youyang@fs.fed.us RI Hatten, Jeff/E-7742-2010 OI Hatten, Jeff/0000-0002-1685-6351 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD FEB PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s11368-011-0426-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 881XO UT WOS:000299525500010 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Knight, Scott S. TI Significance of Riverine Hypoxia for Fish: The Case of the Big Sunflower River, Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE rivers; fish; habitat; hypoxia; water quality; weirs; dissolved oxygen; biodiversity ID WHEAT-STRAW RESIDUES; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ORGANIC-CARBON; STREAMS; SWAMP; ASSEMBLAGES; PHOSPHORUS; POLLUTANTS; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS AB Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. and Scott S. Knight, 2011. Significance of Riverine Hypoxia for Fish: The Case of the Big Sunflower River, Mississippi. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 170-186. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00606.x C1 [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Knight, Scott S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM doug.shields@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 170 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00606.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 884TW UT WOS:000299732700014 ER PT J AU Li, MHH Robinson, EH Oberle, DF Lucas, PM Bosworth, BG AF Li, Menghe H. Robinson, Edwin H. Oberle, Daniel F. Lucas, Penelope M. Bosworth, Brian G. TI Evaluation of Corn Gluten Feed and Cottonseed Meal as Partial Replacements for Soybean Meal and Corn in Diets for Pond-raised Hybrid Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus x I. furcatus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; BLUE CATFISH; RESISTANCE; DENSITIES; TRAITS; GROWTH AB This study examined the use of corn gluten feed (CGF) and cottonseed meal (CSM) to partially replace soybean meal and corn in diets for pond-raised hybrid catfish, Ictalurus punctatus x I. furcatus. Five 28% protein diets containing various combinations of CGF and CSM were evaluated. Fingerling hybrid catfish (mean initial weight: 45 g/fish) were stocked into 25, 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for a 179-d growing season. CGF at 30% of the diet (10% CSM) and a combination of CGF and CSM up to 25% each did not affect physical quality (percentages floatability and feed dust) of the diet. No significant differences were observed in total amount of diet fed, net yield, diet consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and fillet proximate nutrient composition among fish fed various diets. Results show that hybrid catfish can utilize CGF at levels up to 30% of the diet (10% CSM), and a combination of CGF and CSM up to 25% each without significantly affecting growth, diet consumption, FCR, and fillet proximate nutrient composition. However, a combination of CGF and CSM at 20% each and above reduced carcass yield. C1 [Li, Menghe H.; Robinson, Edwin H.; Oberle, Daniel F.; Lucas, Penelope M.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bosworth, Brian G.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MHH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [MIS-371390] FX The authors thank Billy Rutland, Lee McIntire, and staff at the National Warmwater Aquaculture Center for assistance in routine management of the study, and Sandra Phillips and Cliff Smith for their assistance with proximate analysis of diet and tissue samples. This manuscript is approved for publication as journal article J-12009 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University. The project was supported under MAFES Project MIS-371390 through a grant from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00542.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884SQ UT WOS:000299729400010 ER PT J AU Aune, K Rhyan, JC Russell, R Roffe, TJ Corso, B AF Aune, Keith Rhyan, Jack C. Russell, Robin Roffe, Thomas J. Corso, Barbara TI Environmental persistence of Brucella abortus in the Greater Yellowstone Area SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abortion; bacterial persistence; birth site; bison; Bison bison; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; fetal disappearance; Greater Yellowstone Area; Yellowstone National Park ID VAGINAL-IMPLANT TRANSMITTERS; NATIONAL-PARK; BISON; ELK; BEHAVIOR AB Bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus elaphus) of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) are the last remaining reservoirs of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in the United States. An important factor in evaluating the risk of transmission to cattle is the persistence of bacteria and infectious birth materials shed on pastures where cattle graze. We selected 2 study areas near the northern and western boundaries of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to determine the persistence of bacteria on fetal tissue, soil, and vegetation, and scavenging on infectious materials from birth and abortion sites. We performed 3 independent field experiments to determine: 1) persistence of Brucella abortus (RB51) purposely applied to fetal tissues, 2) scavenging of fetuses by native scavengers, and 3) natural contamination of birth or abortion sites in the GYA. Results from these field experiments established that Brucella bacteria can persist on fetal tissues and soil or vegetation for 2181 days depending on month, temperature, and exposure to sunlight. Bacteria purposely applied to fetal tissues persisted longer in February than May and did not survive on tissues beyond 10 June regardless of when they were set out. Brucella abortus field strain persisted up to 43 days on soil and vegetation at naturally contaminated bison birth or abortion sites. Fetuses were scavenged by a variety of birds and mammals in areas near YNP and more rapidly inside YNP than outside the Park boundary. Models derived from our data determined a 0.05% chance of bacterial survival beyond 26 days (95% Credible Interval of 1830 days) for a contamination event in May. May 15 is the final date for hazing all bison into Yellowstone National Park under the current interagency bison management plan. With these data managers can predict when it is safe to graze cattle onto pastures previously occupied by bison. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Aune, Keith] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Rhyan, Jack C.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Russell, Robin] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Roffe, Thomas J.] DOI, USFWS, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Corso, Barbara] USDA APHIS VS CEAH, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Aune, K (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, 301 N Wilson, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kaune@wcs.org OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Veterinary Services Laboratories; National Animal Disease Center for laboratory FX We thank many individuals and agencies for support during our study, including U.S. Department of Agriculture staff M. McCollum, R. Clarke, M. Philo, R. Frey, S. Coburn, B. Thompson, M. Vanderschraaf, P. Schladwieler, O. James, and B. Quinn. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks staff supporting our research included N. Anderson, C. O'Rourke, and B. Crawford. We thank the National Park Service including P. J. White, G. Plumb, and R. Wallen for support while working in YNP. We thank D. Chapman for aerial telemetry support. We thank the National Veterinary Services Laboratories and the National Animal Disease Center for laboratory support including S. Olson, B. Martin and D. Ewalt. We thank U.S. Geological Survey staff especially L. Jones for field and administrative support. The Sanitation Board of West Yellowstone graciously allowed us to use their property for the western study site. We thank C. Kelley and the Royal Teton Ranch for allowing us access to their properties. We also thank W. Brogan who provided access to his game ranch in the northern study site. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1002/jwmg.274 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500005 ER PT J AU Kilgo, JC Vukovich, M AF Kilgo, John C. Vukovich, Mark TI Factors affecting breeding season survival of red-headed woodpeckers in South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE accipiter; cover; known-fate models; Melanerpes erythrocephalus; mortality; radio telemetry; red-headed woodpecker; snag density; survival ID HABITAT USE; SPARROWS; BEHAVIOR; COUNTS; TRENDS; COVER; SPACE; HAWKS AB Red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) populations have declined in the United States and Canada over the past 40?years. However, few demographic studies have been published on the species and none have addressed adult survival. During 20062007, we estimated survival probabilities of 80 radio-tagged red-headed woodpeckers during the breeding season in mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests in South Carolina. We used known-fate models in Program MARK to estimate survival within and between years and to evaluate the effects of foliar cover (number of available cover patches), snag density treatment (high density vs. low density), and sex and age of woodpeckers. Weekly survival probabilities followed a quadratic time trend, being lowest during mid-summer, which coincided with the late nestling and fledgling period. Avian predation, particularly by Cooper's (Accipiter cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus), accounted for 85% of all mortalities. Our best-supported model estimated an 18-week breeding season survival probability of 0.72 (95% CI?=?0.540.85) and indicated that the number of cover patches interacted with sex of woodpeckers to affect survival; females with few available cover patches had a lower probability of survival than either males or females with more cover patches. At the median number of cover patches available (n?=?6), breeding season survival of females was 0.82 (95% CI?=?0.540.94) and of males was 0.60 (95% CI?=?0.420.76). The number of cover patches available to woodpeckers appeared in all 3 of our top models predicting weekly survival, providing further evidence that woodpecker survival was positively associated with availability of cover. Woodpecker survival was not associated with snag density. Our results suggest that protection of =0.7 cover patches per ha during vegetation control activities in mature pine forests will benefit survival of this Partners In Flight Watch List species. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Kilgo, John C.; Vukovich, Mark] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jkilgo@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through USDA Forest Service Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188]; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station FX We thank K. Frier, K. Legleu, and K. Nayda for assistance in the field and J. I. Blake, E. Olson, and K. Wright for logistical support. S. M. Lohr, R. W. Perry, and G. C. White provided helpful comments to the article. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the USDA Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI09-00SR22188, and by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1002/jwmg.282 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500014 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RB Thompson, FR Koford, RR La Sorte, FA Woodward, HD Fitzgerald, JA AF Jacobs, Robert B. Thompson, Frank R., III Koford, Rolf R. La Sorte, Frank A. Woodward, Hope D. Fitzgerald, Jane A. TI Habitat and landscape effects on abundance of Missouri's grassland birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus henslowii; Ammodramus savannarum; Bird Conservation Area; dickcissel; grasshopper sparrow; grassland birds; habitat; Henslow's sparrow; Missouri; Spiza americana ID RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS; HENSLOW SPARROW; MIXTURE-MODELS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; SELECTION; PRAIRIE; COUNTS; ASSOCIATIONS; SENSITIVITY AB Of 6 million ha of prairie that once covered northern and western Missouri, <36,500?ha remain, with planted, managed, and restored grasslands comprising most contemporary grasslands. Most grasslands are used as pasture or hayfields. Native grasses largely have been replaced by fescue (Festuca spp.) on most private lands (almost 7 million ha). Previously cropped fields set aside under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) varied from a mix of cool-season grasses and forbs, or mix of native warm-season grasses and forbs, to simple tall-grass monocultures. We used generalized linear mixed models and distance sampling to assess abundance of 8 species of breeding grassland birds on 6 grassland types commonly associated with farm practices in Missouri and located in landscapes managed for grassland-bird conservation. We selected Bird Conservation Areas (BCAs) for their high percentage of grasslands and grassland-bird species, and for <5% forest cover. We used an information-theoretic approach to assess the relationship between bird abundance and 6 grassland types, 3 measures of vegetative structure, and 2 landscape variables (% grassland and edge density within a 1-km radius). We found support for all 3 levels of model parameters, although there was less support for landscape than vegetation structure effects likely because we studied high-percentage-grassland landscapes (BCAs). Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) counts increased with greater percentage of grassland, vegetation height-density, litter depth, and shrub cover and lower edge density. Henslow's sparrow counts were greatest in hayed native prairie. Dickcissel (Spiza americana) counts increased with greater vegetation height-density and were greatest in planted CRP grasslands. Grasshopper sparrow (A. savannarum) counts increased with lower vegetation height, litter depth, and shrub cover. Based on distance modeling, breeding densities of Henslow's sparrow, dickcissel, and grasshopper sparrow in the 6 grassland types ranged 0.92.6, 1.43.2, and 0.11.5?birds/ha, respectively. We suggest different grassland types and structures (vegetation height, litter depth, shrub cover) are needed to support priority grassland-bird species in Missouri. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Jacobs, Robert B.; Woodward, Hope D.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Jefferson City, MO 65109 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [La Sorte, Frank A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fitzgerald, Jane A.] Amer Bird Conservancy, Brentwood, MO 63144 USA. RP Jacobs, RB (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, 2901 W Truman Blvd, Jefferson City, MO 65109 USA. EM brad.jacobs@mdc.mo.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; Missouri Department of Conservation FX We thank J. Bart, J. Herkert, E. Kurzejeski, S. Sheriff, L. Mechlin, R. Clawson, R. Renken, M. Wallendorf, S. Hoerner, and E. Zenner for assistance in project and statistical design. We thank field technicians S. French, M. Hoffman, J. Snyder, H. Winfrey, S. Kinder, R. Oberman, A. Estes, S. Cole, A. Lamb, T. Bader, C. Priest, J. Brown, A. Wilberding, and K. Tomlinson. We are grateful to all the volunteers who provided support to the field technicians. Helpful comments on the manuscript were received from S. Davis, C. Ribic, and D. Twedt. Funding was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, and the Missouri Department of Conservation. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 82 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1002/jwmg.264 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500019 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Finch, DM Hawksworth, DL AF Smith, D. Max Finch, Deborah M. Hawksworth, David L. TI Nesting characteristics of mourning doves in central New Mexico: Response to riparian forest change SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fuel reduction; mourning dove; nest survival; New Mexico; riparian; wildfire; Zenaida macroura ID RIO-GRANDE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FUEL-REDUCTION; UNITED-STATES; SUCCESS; HABITAT; ECOSYSTEMS; DISTURBANCE; POPULATION; RIVER AB Riparian forests of the American Southwest are especially prone to changes in composition and structure due to natural and anthropogenic factors. To determine how breeding mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) respond to these changes, we examined nest site use and nest survival in control plots, fuel reduction plots before and after mechanical thinning, and post-wildfire sites. The greatest number of nests (50%) were located in post-wildfire sites where resprouted vegetation and woody debris provided numerous nest sites in the understory. We found fewer nests in post-treatment fuel reduction plots (17%), where most were constructed in cottonwoods, and an intermediate number of nests in control and pre-treatment plots (33%), where most were constructed in exotic plants. The best-supported logistic-exposure nest survival model indicated that survival varied among years and with date. Models containing effects of forest type, study block, and nest site selection received little support, suggesting that survival was constant among plot locations, disturbance types, and nest sites. Our nest survival estimates were low relative to those from other studies, but productivity could offset mortality if adults make numerous nest attempts each year. Our results highlight the utility of woody vegetation and debris as understory nest sites for mourning doves and other riparian birds. Managers should devise methods to preserve or reestablish these nest sites when conducting fuel reduction, exotic vegetation removal, or post-fire restoration activities. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Smith, D. Max; Finch, Deborah M.; Hawksworth, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM oregonmax@gmail.com RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 FU Joint Fire Science Program; Ducks Unlimited; New Mexico State Parks; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bosque Improvement Initiative; University of New Mexico; Rocky Mountain Research Station; National Fire Plan FX We thank J. Galloway, J. Kelly, M. Means, and numerous seasonal technicians for help collecting data. Access to study sites was provided by City of Albuquerque Open Space, Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bosque Del Apache National Wildlife Refuge. W. Block, H. Campa, F. Thompson, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. Funding and additional support were provided by Joint Fire Science Program, Ducks Unlimited, New Mexico State Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bosque Improvement Initiative, University of New Mexico, Rocky Mountain Research Station Competitive Program, and National Fire Plan. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 382 EP 390 DI 10.1002/jwmg.270 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 877TB UT WOS:000299204500020 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Ascunce, MS Luo, LZ Shao, JG Shih, CJ Shoemaker, D AF Yang, Chin-Cheng Ascunce, Marina S. Luo, Li-Zhi Shao, Jing-Guo Shih, Cheng-Jen Shoemaker, DeWayne TI Propagule pressure and colony social organization are associated with the successful invasion and rapid range expansion of fire ants in China SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire ants; genetic structure; invasive species; jump dispersal; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; pest management; social form; Solenopsis invicta ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; SOUTH-AMERICAN RANGE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SEX DETERMINATION; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE AB We characterized patterns of genetic variation in populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta in China using mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci to test predictions as to how propagule pressure and subsequent dispersal following establishment jointly shape the invasion success of this ant in this recently invaded area. Fire ants in Wuchuan (Guangdong Province) are genetically differentiated from those found in other large infested areas of China. The immediate source of ants in Wuchuan appears to be somewhere near Texas, which ranks first among the southern USA infested states in the exportation of goods to China. Most colonies from spatially distant, outlying areas in China are genetically similar to one another and appear to share a common source (Wuchuan, Guangdong Province), suggesting that long-distance jump dispersal has been a prevalent means of recent spread of fire ants in China. Furthermore, most colonies at outlier sites are of the polygyne social form (featuring multiple egg-laying queens per nest), reinforcing the important role of this social form in the successful invasion of new areas and subsequent range expansion following invasion. Several analyses consistently revealed characteristic signatures of genetic bottlenecks for S. invicta populations in China. The results of this study highlight the invasive potential of this pest ant, suggest that the magnitude of international trade may serve as a predictor of propagule pressure and indicate that rates and patterns of subsequent range expansion are partly determined by the interplay between species traits and the trade and transportation networks. C1 [Ascunce, Marina S.; Shoemaker, DeWayne] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Yang, Chin-Cheng] Natl Taiwan Univ, Master Program Plant Med, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Yang, Chin-Cheng; Shih, Cheng-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Luo, Li-Zhi; Shao, Jing-Guo] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Shoemaker, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dewayne.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-35302-16561, 2009-35302-05301]; National Science Council, Executive Yuan, Taiwan [NSC 97-2917-I-002-103, NSC 99-2313-B-002-044] FX This work was funded by National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (grant numbers 2006-35302-16561 and 2009-35302-05301) and the National Science Council, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (grant numbers NSC 97-2917-I-002-103 and NSC 99-2313-B-002-044). We sincerely thank Eileen M. Carroll for assistance in the laboratory and Siu-Wah Kong and Chia-Hung Hsieh for field assistance in collecting samples. We also thank Wen-Jer Wu, Ken Ross, Lucinda Lawson and John Wang for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 817 EP 833 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05393.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 880ON UT WOS:000299416900004 PM 22181975 ER PT J AU Wijayaratne, LKW Fields, PG Arthur, FH AF Wijayaratne, Leanage K. W. Fields, Paul G. Arthur, Frank H. TI Effect of methoprene on the progeny production of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methoprene; larvae; progeny; all-or-nothing; bimodal ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; SPRUCE BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; DOMINICA F COLEOPTERA; RED FLOUR BEETLE; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; CODLING MOTH; RESIDUAL ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR ACTIONS; CIGARETTE BEETLE AB BACKGROUND: Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) is a serious insect pest of stored products around the world. Current control measures for this species have several limitations: loss of registration of insecticides, insecticide resistance and consumer concerns about chemical residues in food. The objective of this study was to determine whether methoprene affects progeny production of T. castaneum. Late-instar larvae or young adults were exposed to methoprene-treated wheat, and progeny production was determined. The pairing of male and female adults was performed as untreated x untreated, treated x untreated or treated x treated, to study sex-based effects. RESULTS: There were three outcomes to late-instar larvae held on methoprene-treated wheat kernels (0.001 and 0.0165 ppm): (1) failure to emerge as an adult; (2) emergence as an adult, and almost no offspring produced; (3) emergence as an adult and normal production of offspring. Male larvae were more susceptible to methoprene than female larvae. In contrast, young adults exposed to methoprene (1.67-66.6 ppm) showed no reduction in offspring production. CONCLUSION: Methoprene concentrations will declinewith time following its application. However, this research indicates that methoprene can still reduce populations of T. castaneum by reducing their progeny production, even if adults emerge. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Wijayaratne, Leanage K. W.; Fields, Paul G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Wijayaratne, Leanage K. W.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Entomol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Arthur, Frank H.] USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Fields, PG (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, 195 Dafoe Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. EM paul.fields@agr.gc.ca FU University of Manitoba; Manitoba Graduate Scholarship (MGS) FX Financial support to the first author provided by the University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship (UMGF) and Manitoba Graduate Scholarship (MGS) is greatly appreciated. The authors also wish to thank Tannis Mayert for technical assistance, Neil Holliday and Steve Whyard (University of Manitoba) and Desiree Vanderwel (University of Winnipeg) for their inputs into this research, Central Life Sciences for providing the chemicals, Gary Crow (University of Manitoba) for advice on statistical analysis and Xingwei Hou (Pest Management Regulation Agency, Health Canada) and James Throne (Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, United States Department of Agriculture) for reviewing this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 84 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 68 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1002/ps.2247 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 872GL UT WOS:000298797200011 PM 21770015 ER PT J AU Jhala, AJ Gao, SD Gerik, JS Qin, RJ Hanson, BD AF Jhala, Amit J. Gao, Suduan Gerik, James S. Qin, Ruijun Hanson, Bradley D. TI Effects of surface treatments and application shanks on nematode, pathogen and weed control with 1,3-dichloropropene SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1; 3-dichloropropene; methyl bromide; nursery stock; soil fumigation; surface sealing ID METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; CROP FIELD NURSERIES; CHLOROPICRIN EMISSIONS; PLASTIC FILM; FUMIGANTS; TOMATO; SOIL AB BACKGROUND: Preplant fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr) has been used for control of soilborne pests in high-value annual, perennial and nursery crops, but is being phased out. In 2007 and 2008, research trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of surface treatments and two application shanks on pest control with 1,3-dicloropropene (1,3-D) in perennial crop nurseries. RESULTS: All 1,3-D treatments controlled nematodes similarly to MeBr. Applicationof 1,3-D with virtually impermeablefilm(VIF) reduced Fusarium oxysporum compared with unfumigated plots, but was not as effective as MeBr. Applications of 1,3-Dwith VIF or 1,3-D followed bymetam sodium reduced Pythium spp., but 1,3-D followed by intermittent water seals was comparable with the untreated plots. When sealed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film or VIF, 1,3-D generally was as effective as MeBr for reducing weed density and total weed biomass, but weed control was reduced by intermittent water seals and in unsealed plots subsequently re-treated with additional 1,3-D or metam sodium. CONCLUSION: Applications of 1,3-D sealed with HDPE or VIF film or with intermittent water seals can control nematodes similarly to MeBr. However, additionalmanagement practices may be needed for effective pathogen and weed control if plastic film is not used. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Jhala, Amit J.; Hanson, Bradley D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gao, Suduan; Gerik, James S.; Qin, Ruijun] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. RP Hanson, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bhanson@ucdavis.edu OI Jhala, Amit/0000-0001-8599-4996 FU USDA-ARS FX Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-ARS Pacific area-wide pest management program for integrated methyl bromide alternatives. The authors thank TriCal Inc. and Dow AgroSciences for providing in-kind support. The technical support of Stella Zambrzuski, Nancy Goodell, Jim Gartung, Patty Munger, Curtis Koga, Ashley Torres and other USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit staff is appreciated. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 68 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1002/ps.2249 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 872GL UT WOS:000298797200012 PM 21796757 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Moore, MT Brandt, JR AF Kroeger, Robert Moore, Matthew T. Brandt, Jason R. TI Current- and past-use pesticide prevalence in drainage ditches in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drainage ditch; LMAV; pesticide; prevalence; DDT ID LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; ATRAZINE; TRANSPORT AB BACKGROUND: Pesticide application is common in agriculture and often results in applied pesticides entering adjacent aquatic systems. This study seasonally analyzed a suite of 17 current- and past-use pesticides in both drainage waters and sediments to evaluate the prevalence of pesticides in drainage ditches across the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). RESULTS: There were significantlyhigher concentrations (P < 0.05) of current-use thanpast-usepesticides; however, there were consistently high numbers of detections of past-use pesticides in sediments. Sediment pesticide concentrations were an order of magnitude higher (150-1035 mu g kg(-1)) thanwater samples (6-20.9 mu g L-1). Overall, 87% of all samples analyzed for currentand past-use pesticideswere non-detects. p, p'-DDT was detected in 47.5% of all drainagewaters and sediments sampled. There were significant correlations (0.372 >= r(2) <= 0.935) between detected current-use water and sediment concentrations, but no significant correlations between past-use water and sediment concentrations. CONCLUSION: Overall, there was a high percentage (87%) of sediment and water samples that did not contain detectable concentrations above the lower limit of analytical detection for each respective pesticide. This lack of pesticide prevalence highlights the improved conditions in aquatic systems adjacent to agriculture and a potential decrease in toxicity associated with pesticides in agricultural landscapes in the LMAV. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Kroeger, Robert; Brandt, Jason R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 68 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1002/ps.2264 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 872GL UT WOS:000298797200022 PM 21898758 ER PT J AU McClean, AE Duerkop, BA Greenberg, EP Kluepfel, DA AF McClean, Ali E. Duerkop, Breck A. Greenberg, E. Peter Kluepfel, Daniel A. TI AHL Signals Induce Rubrifacine Production in a bruI Mutant of Brenneria rubrifaciens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; HOMOSERINE LACTONE AUTOINDUCERS; QUORUM-SENSING REGULATION; TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; DEEP BARK CANKER; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; PERSIAN WALNUT; WATERMARK DISEASE AB Several members of the bacterial genus Brenneria are pathogenic on different tree species. Cell-free extracts from the bacterial phytopathogens Brenneria rubrifaciens, B. salicis, and B. nigrifluens induced production of the red pigment rubrifacine in the B. rubrifaciens bruI insertional mutant Br-212. Analysis of the bruI locus identified an adjacent open reading frame, designated bruR, with homology to luxR. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of ethyl acetate extracts from wild-type B. rubrifaciens and Escherichia coli expressing the bruI gene identified two acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) peaks, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3OC6HSL) and N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (C6HSL). Addition of synthetic 3OC6HSL and C6HSL at 10 mu M to the bruI mutant, strain Br-212, induced rubrifacine production and the ability to elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tobacco leaves. Synthetic C6HSL was less effective at inducing pigment production than 3OC6HSL at 10 mu M. The bruI mutant Br-212 did not produce detectable AHLs, indicating that C6HSL and 3OC6HSL are the major AHLs produced by this species. The AHLs N-heptanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C7HSL), N-octanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (C8HSL), and N-(3-oxooctanoyl)-DL-homoserine lactone (3OC8HSL) also induced pigment production in Br-212 and restored its ability to elicit an HR in tobacco, suggesting that cross-talk with other bacterial species may be possible. C1 [McClean, Ali E.; Kluepfel, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Duerkop, Breck A.; Greenberg, E. Peter] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 259 Hutchison Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Daniel.Kluepfel@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5306-22000-014-00D]; California Walnut Board; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [NRSA T32 GM07270] FX This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service CRIS project number 5306-22000-014-00D, a grant from the California Walnut Board, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NRSA T32 GM07270). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. We thank C. Roper (University of California [UC], Riverside) for providing the Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 reporter strain and C. Holsclaw (UC Davis Campus Mass Spectrometry Facilities) for technical assistance for LCMS analyses. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-04-11-0111 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 879PH UT WOS:000299343300007 PM 22236075 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Coffey, MD AF Martin, F. N. Coffey, M. D. TI Mitochondrial Haplotype Analysis for Differentiation of Isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE haplotype network ID CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-II; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; SUDDEN OAK DEATH; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENOME SEQUENCES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SEXUAL RECOMBINATION; ISOZYME VARIABILITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; IN-VITRO AB Although Phytophthora cinnamomi is heterothallic, there are few instances of successful crossing in laboratory experiments, and analysis of field populations indicates a clonally reproducing population. In the absence of sexual recombination, the ability to monitor mitochondrial haplotypes may provide an additional tool for identification of clonal isolates and analysis of population structure. To determine mitochondrial haplotypes for this species, seven mitochondrial loci spanning a total of 6,961 bp were sequenced for 62 isolates representing a geographically diverse collection of isolates with A1 and A2 mating type. Three of the regions were primarily intergenic regions between trnG and rns, rns and nad3, and nad6 and cox1, while the remaining loci spanned cox2, nad9, rps10, and secY coding regions and some of the flanking spacer regions. In total, 45 mitochondrial haplotypes were identified (75% of the total isolates examined) with differences due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, totaling 152 bp) and length mutations (17 indels > 2 bp representing a total of 910 bp in length). SNPs were the predominate mutation in the four coding regions and their flanking intergenic regions, while both SNPs and length mutations were observed in the three primarily intergenic regions. Some of the length mutations in these regions were due to addition or loss of unique sequences while others were due to variable numbers of subrepeats (in the trnG-rns region, there were 3 to 12 copies of a 24-bp subrepeat sequence that differentiated 17 haplotypes). Network analysis of the haplotypes identified eight primary clades, with the most divergent clade representing primarily A1 isolates collected from Papua New Guinea. The isolate grouping in the network corresponded to mating type and previously published isozyme classifications, with three exceptions: a haplotype representing an A1 mating type (H29) was placed well within the A2 mating type haplotype grouping, one haplotype (H26) had isolates with two isozyme classifications, and one isozyme group was represented on separate network clades, suggesting that recombination has occurred in the past. Among the 62 isolates examined, several examples were identified of isolates recovered from different geographic regions having the same mitochondrial haplotype, suggesting movement of isolates via plant material. Analysis of the data set to determine whether fewer loci could be sequenced to classify haplotypes indicated that the trnG-rns and rns-nad6 loci would classify 87% of the haplotypes identified in this study, while additional sequencing of the nad9 or secY loci would further differentiate the remaining six haplotypes. Based on conservation of gene order in Phytophthora spp., the trnG-rns locus should be useful for mitochondrial haplotype classification in other species, as should the cox2, nad9, rps10, and secY loci. However, the rns-nad3 and nad6-cox1 loci span regions that can have a different gene order in some Phytophthora spp. C1 [Martin, F. N.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Coffey, M. D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM frank.martin@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2007-55605-17835, 2008-55605-18773] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plan Biosecurity competitive grant numbers 2007-55605-17835 and 2008-55605-18773. F. N. Martin thanks L. Radmer for her assistance in the collection of the sequence data. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2012 VL 102 IS 2 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-04-11-0115 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 879PH UT WOS:000299343300011 PM 22066674 ER PT J AU Clark, CA Davis, JA Mukasa, SB Abad, JA Tugume, AK Cuellar, WJ Fuentes, S Kreuze, JF Tairo, FD Gibson, RW Valkonen, JPT AF Clark, Christopher A. Davis, Jeffrey A. Mukasa, Settumba B. Abad, Jorge A. Tugume, Arthur K. Cuellar, Wilmer J. Fuentes, Segundo Kreuze, Jan F. Tairo, Fred Donati Gibson, Ruchard William Valkonen, Jari P. T. TI Sweetpotato Viruses: 15 Years of Progress on Understanding and Managing Complex Diseases SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FEATHERY-MOTTLE-VIRUS; CHLOROTIC-STUNT-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COAT PROTEIN GENE; LEAF CURL VIRUS; STORAGE ROOT QUALITY; IPOMOEA-BATATAS L.; UNITED-STATES; FLECK-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION C1 [Clark, Christopher A.; Davis, Jeffrey A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey A.] Makerere Univ, Dept Agr Prod, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Kampala, Uganda. [Abad, Jorge A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Programs, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tugume, Arthur K.] Makerere Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Coll Nat Sci, Kampala, Uganda. [Cuellar, Wilmer J.; Fuentes, Segundo; Kreuze, Jan F.] Int Potato Ctr CIP, Lima, Peru. [Tairo, Fred Donati] Mikocheni Agr Res Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Gibson, Ruchard William] Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham CT2 7LT, Kent, England. [Valkonen, Jari P. T.] Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Clark, CA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM cclark@agcenter.lsu.edu OI Kreuze, Jan/0000-0002-6116-9200; Valkonen, Jari/0000-0002-3704-9911; Cuellar, Wilmer/0000-0003-4702-3237 FU Academy of Finland [1134335]; Howard Buffet Foundation; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP53344]; BBSRC/DFID/SARID [BBF0040281]; Louisiana Sweet Potato Commission; USDA, CSREES [2009-51181-06071] FX We gratefully acknowledge the following sources of funding that supported the research reported in this article: The Academy of Finland grant no. 1134335 to J. P. T. Valkonen: the Howard Buffet Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant OPP53344), and BBSRC/DFID/SARID (grant BBF0040281) to support sweetpotato virus research at CIP and NRI; and the Louisiana Sweet Potato Commission and USDA, CSREES, Specialty Crops Research Initiative Award no. 2009-51181-06071 for support of sweetpotato research at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. NR 175 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 168 EP 185 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-11-0550 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 880HC UT WOS:000299394900001 ER PT J AU Jardini, TM Koike, ST Bull, CT AF Jardini, T. M. Koike, S. T. Bull, C. T. TI First Report of Bacterial Streak of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in California Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Jardini, T. M.; Bull, C. T.] ARS, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Jardini, TM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 285 EP 285 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0794 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 880HC UT WOS:000299394900017 ER PT J AU Liao, X Fu, Y Zhang, S Duan, YP AF Liao, X. Fu, Y. Zhang, S. Duan, Y. P. TI First Report of Damping-Off on Basella rubra Caused by Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 4 in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Liao, X.; Fu, Y.; Zhang, S.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Liao, X.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Duan, Y. P.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Liao, X (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 288 EP 288 DI 10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0639 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 880HC UT WOS:000299394900024 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Natwick, ET AF Wintermantel, W. M. Natwick, E. T. TI First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Wintermantel, W. M.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. [Natwick, E. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Holtville, CA USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 880HC UT WOS:000299394900042 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Rosskopf, EN Holzinger, J AF Kokalis-Burelle, N. Rosskopf, E. N. Holzinger, J. TI First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria on Cheeseweed Mallow (Malva parviflora) in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID IDENTIFICATION; SPP. C1 [Kokalis-Burelle, N.; Rosskopf, E. N.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Holzinger, J.] Holzinger Flowers Inc, Palm City, FL USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 880HC UT WOS:000299394900045 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Koike, ST Xu, D Li, R AF Liu, H-Y Koike, S. T. Xu, D. Li, R. TI First Report of Turnip mosaic virus in Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Liu, H-Y] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [Xu, D.; Li, R.] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 96 IS 2 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 880HC UT WOS:000299394900043 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Farnsworth, JL Johnson, DA AF Gent, D. H. Farnsworth, J. L. Johnson, D. A. TI Spatial analysis and incidence-density relationships for downy mildew on hop SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Humulus lupulus; Pseudoperonospora humuli; quantitative epidemiology ID PSEUDOPERONOSPORA-HUMULI; DISEASE EPIDEMICS; POWDERY MILDEW; PATTERN; DISTRIBUTIONS; AGGREGATION; RANDOMNESS; INFECTION; PLANTS; YARDS AB The spatial pattern of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) on hop (Humulus lupulus) was characterized over 4 years to aid in deriving an appropriate incidencedensity relationship. From 472 disease assessments (datasets), discrete distributions were fitted to the datasets to determine aggregation of disease density. Where distributions were able to be fitted, the Poisson distribution fitted 4% of the datasets and the negative binomial distribution fitted 87% of the datasets. Larger-scale patterns of disease were assessed by autocorrelation and runs analysis; both indicated aggregation of diseased plants was less common than aggregation of disease within plants. Taylors power law indicated disease density was aggregated and related to mean disease density in all years. Disease incidence and density were linked by saturation-type relationships based on the zero term of the negative binomial distribution or an empirical regression. Certain individual datasets were not described well by any incidencedensity model, particularly when disease density was greater than about 0.8 diseased shoots per plant with the cultivar Cascade. When applied to 56 validation datasets, 88% of the variation in observed disease incidence was explained by the incidencedensity models. Under conditions where sampling would be implemented for disease management, the requisite conditions appear to be in place for a binomial sampling plan for downy mildew. C1 [Gent, D. H.] Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, D. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Farnsworth, J. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, D. A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-035-00]; Washington State University; USDA-CSREES Western IPM Center FX Financial support was provided by USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-21000-035-00, Washington State University, and USDA-CSREES Western IPM Center. Bill Turechek provided helpful assistance with the distributional analysis described in this manuscript. We thank Bill Pfender and Larry Madden for their review and comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We also thank the many individuals who assisted in disease assessments and the hop growers who allowed us access to their farms for sampling. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02491.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 875NA UT WOS:000299036100004 ER PT J AU Travadon, R Baumgartner, K Rolshausen, PE Gubler, WD Sosnowski, MR Lecomte, P Halleen, F Peros, JP AF Travadon, R. Baumgartner, K. Rolshausen, P. E. Gubler, W. D. Sosnowski, M. R. Lecomte, P. Halleen, F. Peros, J-P. TI Genetic structure of the fungal grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata from four continents SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ascomycete; genetic bottlenecks; microsatellite markers; population genetic structure; Vitis vinifera ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DIEBACK FUNGUS; DIVERSITY; ORIGINS; DIFFERENTIATION; COLONIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; BOTTLENECKS AB The generalist ascomycete fungus Eutypa lata causes Eutypa dieback of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) worldwide. To decipher the cosmopolitan distribution of this fungus, the population genetic structure of 17 geographic samples was investigated from four continental regions (Australia, California, Europe and South Africa), based on analysis of 293 isolates genotyped with nine microsatellite markers. High levels of haplotypic richness (R = 0.911) and absence of multilocus linkage disequilibrium among loci supported the preponderance of sexual reproduction in all regions examined. Nonetheless, the identification of identical multilocus haplotypes with identical vegetative compatibility groups, in some vineyards in California and South Africa, suggests that asexual dispersal of the fungus among neighbouring plants could be a rare means of disease spread. The greatest levels of allelic richness (A = 4.894.97) and gene diversity (H = 0.660.69) were found in Europe among geographic samples from coastal areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, whereas the lowest genetic diversity was found in South Africa and Australia (A = 2.783.74; H = 0.490.57). Samples from California, Australia and South Africa, which had lower genetic diversity than those of Europe, were also characterized by demographic disequilibrium and, thus, may represent founding populations of the pathogen. Low but significant levels of genetic differentiation among all samples (DEST = 0.12, P = 0.001; FST = 0.03, P = 0.001) are consistent with historical gene flow preventing differentiation at continental scales. These findings suggest that global, human-mediated spread of the fungus may have resulted in its current global distribution. C1 [Travadon, R.; Gubler, W. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Baumgartner, K.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rolshausen, P. E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sosnowski, M. R.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Lecomte, P.] INRA, UMR Sante & AgroEcol Vignoble 1065, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Halleen, F.] ARC Infruitec Nietvoorbij, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Peros, J-P.] INRA, UMR Ameliorat Genet & Adaptat Plantes Mediterrane, F-34060 Montpellier, France. RP Travadon, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu FU USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-51100-19334] FX The authors thank S. Krebs (Napa College, Napa, CA, USA) for references on the worldwide history of viticulture; P. Fujiyoshi (USDA-ARS, Davis, CA) for laboratory assistance; and C. Dutech (INRA, Bordeaux, France) and S. Bergemann (Middle Tennessee State University) for their valuable comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This research was funded by grant number 2008-51100-19334 to K. Baumgartner, P. Rolshausen and W. D. Gubler from the USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02496.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 875NA UT WOS:000299036100009 ER PT J AU Frenkel, O Portillo, I Brewer, MT Peros, JP Cadle-Davidson, L Milgroom, MG AF Frenkel, O. Portillo, I. Brewer, M. T. Peros, J. P. Cadle-Davidson, L. Milgroom, M. G. TI Development of microsatellite markers from the transcriptome of Erysiphe necator for analysing population structure in North America and Europe SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deep sequencing; EST-SSRs; grape; population genetics; recombination; Uncinula necator ID POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS; UNCINULA-NECATOR; FOLIAR RESISTANCE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; VITIS SPP.; AGGRESSIVENESS; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; EXPANSION; GRAPEVINE AB Transcriptome sequences of the grape powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator were used to develop microsatellite markers (EST-SSRs) to study its relatively unexplored population structure in its centre of diversity in eastern North America. Screening the transcriptome sequences revealed 116 contigs with candidate microsatellites, from which 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from 31 markers tested. Eight of these markers were used to genotype isolates from different regions and hosts in the eastern USA and compare them to samples from southern France and Italy. Genetic diversity in the eastern USA is much greater than in Europe. Bayesian cluster analyses showed that 10 isolates from North America have high affinities with, but differ from, European group A; these are referred to as A-like isolates. No isolates with close affinity to European group B were found in the eastern USA. Bayesian analyses also detected genetic differentiation between isolates from Vitis rotundifolia and isolates from other Vitis hosts. Genetic differentiation detected between the northeastern and southeastern USA was mostly attributable to the A-like isolates in the southeast, which are significantly more aggressive than the other populations. This research demonstrates that transcriptome sequencing of fungal pathogens is useful for developing genetic markers in protein-coding regions and highlights the role of these markers in population biology studies of E.necator. C1 [Frenkel, O.; Brewer, M. T.; Milgroom, M. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Portillo, I.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Protez & Valorizzaz Agroalimentare, I-40100 Bologna, Italy. [Peros, J. P.] Inst Natl Rech Agronom, UMR 1334, Equipe DAVEM, F-34060 Montpellier, France. [Cadle-Davidson, L.] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Frenkel, O (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Dept Plant Pathol, Volcani Ctr, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM mgm5@cornell.edu FU Vaadia-BARD United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [FI-410-2008]; Cornell University Graduate School; USDA-Viticulture Consortium-East; Hatch project [NYC-153410] FX We thank Monica Miazzi for sharing DNA from E. necator isolates from southern Italy. We also thank anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous drafts. This research was supported by Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award No. FI-410-2008 from the United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) to OF, a Research Travel Grant from the Cornell University Graduate School to MTB, a USDA-Viticulture Consortium-East award to LC, and Hatch project NYC-153410 to MGM. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 106 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02502.x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 875NA UT WOS:000299036100011 ER PT J AU Myung, K Zitomer, NC Duvall, M Glenn, AE Riley, RT Calvo, AM AF Myung, K. Zitomer, N. C. Duvall, M. Glenn, A. E. Riley, R. T. Calvo, A. M. TI The conserved global regulator VeA is necessary for symptom production and mycotoxin synthesis in maize seedlings by Fusarium verticillioides SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium spp; fumonisin; maize seedling disease; velvet gene ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; FUMONISIN ANALOGS; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; LIGHT; DISRUPTION; COMPLEX AB The veA or velvet gene is necessary for biosynthesis of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in Aspergillus species. In addition, veA has also been demonstrated to be necessary for normal seed colonization in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The present study shows that veA homologues are broadly distributed in fungi, particularly in ascomycetes. The Fusarium verticillioides veA orthologue, FvVE1, is also required for the synthesis of several secondary metabolites, including fumonisin and fusarins. This study also shows that maize plants grown from seeds inoculated with FvVE1 deletion mutants did not show disease symptoms, while plants grown from seeds inoculated with the F.verticillioides wildtype and complementation strains clearly showed disease symptoms under the same experimental conditions. In this latter case, the presence of lesions coincided with accumulation of fumonisins in the plant tissues, and only these plant tissues had elevated levels of sphingoid bases and their 1-phosphate derivatives, indicating inhibition of ceramide synthase and disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. The results strongly suggest that FvVE1 is necessary for pathogenicity by F.verticillioides against maize seedlings. The conservation of veA homologues among ascomycetes suggests that veA could play a pivotal role in regulating secondary metabolism and associated pathogenicity in other fungi. C1 [Myung, K.; Duvall, M.; Calvo, A. M.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Zitomer, N. C.; Glenn, A. E.; Riley, R. T.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Myung, K (reprint author), Dow AgroSci LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. EM amcalvo@niu.edu FU NIH [GM074267-01A1] FX This work was supported by NIH GM074267-01A1. AMC thanks Barbara Ball for her technical support. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02504.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 875NA UT WOS:000299036100015 PM 22247572 ER PT J AU Yarnell, SM Lind, AJ Mount, JF AF Yarnell, S. M. Lind, A. J. Mount, J. F. TI Dynamic flow modelling of riverine amphibian habitat with application to regulated flow management SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE instream flows; two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling; River2D; regulated rivers; foothill yellow-legged frog; Rana boylii; pulsed flows ID DOWNSTREAM; CLASSIFICATION; DAMS AB In regulated rivers, relicensing of hydropower projects can provide an opportunity to change flow regimes and reduce negative effects on sensitive aquatic biota. The volume of flow, timing and ramping rate of spring spills, and magnitude of aseasonal pulsed flows have potentially negative effects on the early life stages of amphibians, such as the Foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii). Two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling is one method to evaluate potential effects of flow variation on frog egg masses and tadpoles. We explored the usefulness of this technique by modeling habitat suitability under several pulsed flow scenarios in two river reaches in northern California, USA. We conducted analyses beyond simple weighted usable area calculations, such as quantifying the risk of scour or stranding, in order to quantify potential loss under different flow scenarios. The modeling results provided information on potential susceptibility to flow fluctuations as well as the influence of channel morphology on habitat suitability. Under each flow scenario, low percentages of suitable habitat remained suitable or were buffered from the pulse, creating high potential for scour of egg masses or tadpoles. However, due to differences in channel morphologies, the wide, shallow study site provided 2-3 times the buffering capacity of the entrenched study site. C1 [Yarnell, S. M.; Mount, J. F.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lind, A. J.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Yarnell, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smyarnell@ucdavis.edu FU California Energy Commission; Division of Water Rights of the State Water Resources Control Board through Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of the University of California, Davis FX The authors extend gratitude to many individuals who assisted with the concurrent pulsed flow project and this study in particular. Sarah Kupferberg provided insightful comments and discussion regarding the modelling portion of this study. Evan Buckland and Rob Grasso provided assistance with the topographic surveying of study reaches. Mark Gard provided advice on the instream modelling and GIS analysis, while critical reviews from three anonymous reviewers greatly improved initial drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported and funded by the Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission and the Division of Water Rights of the State Water Resources Control Board through the Pulsed Flow Program of the Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of the University of California, Davis. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 28 IS 2 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1002/rra.1447 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 882HS UT WOS:000299555000004 ER PT J AU Belcher, AR Zwonitzer, JC Cruz, JS Krakowsky, MD Chung, CL Nelson, R Arellano, C Balint-Kurti, PJ AF Belcher, Araby R. Zwonitzer, John C. Cruz, Jose Santa Krakowsky, Mathew D. Chung, Chia-Lin Nelson, Rebecca Arellano, Consuelo Balint-Kurti, Peter J. TI Analysis of quantitative disease resistance to southern leaf blight and of multiple disease resistance in maize, using near-isogenic lines SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTROPHUS RACE-O; 3 FUNGAL PATHOGENS; TRAIT LOCI; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; BRASSICA-RAPA; CORN; POPULATION; IDENTIFICATION; MAYDIS; GENE AB Maize inbred lines NC292 and NC330 were derived by repeated backcrossing of an elite source of southern leaf blight (SLB) resistance (NC250P) to the SLB-susceptible line B73, with selection for SLB resistance among and within backcross families at each generation. Consequently, while B73 is very SLB susceptible, its sister lines NC292 and NC330 are both SLB resistant. Previously, we identified the 12 introgressions from NC250P that differentiate NC292 and NC330 from B73. The goals of this study were to determine the effects of each introgression on resistance to SLB and to two other foliar fungal diseases of maize, northern leaf blight and gray leaf spot. This was achieved by generating and testing a set of near isogenic lines carry single or combinations of just two or three introgressions in a B73 background. Introgressions 3B, 6A, and 9B (bins 3.03-3.04, 6.01, and 9.02-9.03) all conferred significant levels of SLB resistance in the field. Introgression 6A was the only introgression that had a significant effect on juvenile plant resistance to SLB. Introgressions 6A and 9B conferred resistance to multiple diseases. C1 [Krakowsky, Mathew D.; Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Belcher, Araby R.; Zwonitzer, John C.; Cruz, Jose Santa; Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Krakowsky, Mathew D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chung, Chia-Lin; Nelson, Rebecca] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nelson, Rebecca] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arellano, Consuelo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Peter.Balint-Kurti@ars.usda.gov OI CHUNG, CHIA-LIN/0000-0002-1612-0109; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X FU USDA-ARS; CGIAR; Monsanto FX The authors would like to thank the following people who helped with various aspects of the research: James Holland, George Van Esbroek, Abbey Sutton, David Rhyne, Jill Recker and Donna Stephens. We thank Janet Shurtleff, Carole Saravitz and the staff of the NCSU Phytotron for the use of their facilities and their excellent technical assistance. We thank Dan Gorman and Pioneer Hi-Bred for donating space for our GLS field trials and for planting and managing the nurseries. We thank Cathy Herring and the staff of Central Crops Research Station for their expert help. This work was funded by the USDA-ARS, and by a grant from the CGIAR Generation Challenge Program. JSC's fellowship is funded by Monsanto. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 124 IS 3 BP 433 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s00122-011-1718-1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 882CW UT WOS:000299540100002 PM 21997760 ER PT J AU Brown-Borg, HM Johnson, WT Rakoczy, SG AF Brown-Borg, Holly M. Johnson, W. Thomas Rakoczy, Sharlene G. TI Expression of oxidative phosphorylation components in mitochondria of long-living Ames dwarf mice SO AGE LA English DT Article DE Ames dwarf mice; Hormones; Aging; Mitochondria; Complex enzymes ID RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; GROWTH-HORMONE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LIFE-SPAN; TRANSGENIC MICE; AGING-PROCESS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; RADICAL GENERATION; RESPIRATORY-CHAIN; QUANTITATIVE PCR AB Reduced signaling of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway is associated with extended life span in several species. Ames dwarf mice are GH-deficient and live > 50% longer than wild-type littermates. Previously, we have shown that tissues from Ames mice exhibit elevated levels of antioxidative enzymes, less H(2)O(2) production, and lower oxidative damage suggesting that mitochondrial function may differ between genotypes. To explore the relationship between hormone deficiency and mitochondria in mice with extended longevity, we evaluated activity, protein, and gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation components in dwarf and wild-type mice at varying ages. Liver complex I + III activity was higher in dwarf mice compared to wild-type mice. The activity of I + III decreased between 3 and 20 months of age in both genotypes with greater declines in wild-type mice in liver and skeletal muscle. Complex IV activities in the kidney were elevated in 3- and 20-month-old dwarf mice relative to wild-type mice. In Ames mice, protein levels of the 39 kDa complex I subunit were elevated at 20 months of age when compared to wild-type mouse mitochondria for every tissue examined. Kidney and liver mitochondria from 20-month-old dwarf mice had elevated levels of both mitochondrially-encoded and nuclear-encoded complex IV proteins compared to wild-type mice (p < 0.05). Higher liver ANT1 and PGC-1 alpha mRNA levels were also observed in dwarf mice. Overall, we found that several components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system were elevated in Ames mice. Mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratios were not different between genotypes despite the marked increase in PGC-1 alpha levels in dwarf mice. The increased OXPHOS activities, along with lower ROS production in dwarf mice, predict enhanced mitochondrial function and efficiency, two factors likely contributing to long-life in Ames mice. C1 [Brown-Borg, Holly M.; Rakoczy, Sharlene G.] Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Johnson, W. Thomas] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Brown-Borg, HM (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, 501 N Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM holly.brown.borg@med.und.edu FU National Institutes of Health [01322899]; UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics Department FX The authors express sincere gratitude to the National Institutes of Health (Grant #01322899) and the UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics Department for supporting this research. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD FEB PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11357-011-9212-x PG 15 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 878YP UT WOS:000299294100004 PM 21327718 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Carrihill-Knoll, KL AF Rabin, Bernard M. Joseph, James A. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L. TI Interaction between age of irradiation and age of testing in the disruption of operant performance using a ground-based model for exposure to cosmic rays SO AGE LA English DT Article DE (56)Fe particles; Aging; Cognitive; Behavior; Cosmic rays ID NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS DOPAMINE; HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; FE-56 PARTICLES; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; RATS; RADIATION; BEHAVIOR; MEMORY; SENSITIVITY AB Previous research has shown a progressive deterioration in cognitive performance in rats exposed to (56)Fe particles as a function of age. The present experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of age of irradiation independently of the age of testing. Male Fischer-344 rats, 2, 7, 12, and 16 months of age, were exposed to 25-200 cGy of (56)Fe particles (1,000 MeV/n). Following irradiation, the rats were trained to make an operant response on an ascending fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule. When performance was evaluated as a function of both age of irradiation and testing, the results showed a significant effect of age on the dose needed to produce a performance decrement, such that older rats exposed to lower doses of (56)Fe particles showed a performance decrement compared to younger rats. When performance was evaluated as a function of age of irradiation with the age of testing held constant, the results indicated that age of irradiation was a significant factor influencing operant responding, such that older rats tested at similar ages and exposed to similar doses of (56)Fe particles showed similar performance decrements. The results are interpreted as indicating that the performance decrement is not a function of age per se, but instead is dependent upon an interaction between the age of irradiation, the age of testing, and exposure to HZE particles. The nature of these effects and how age of irradiation affects cognitive performance after an interval of 15 to 16 months remains to be established. C1 [Rabin, Bernard M.; Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Joseph, James A.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu FU NASA [NAG9-1529, NNJ06HD93G, NNX08AM66G] FX This research was supported by NASA grants NAG9-1529, NNJ06HD93G, and NNX08AM66G. The authors would like to thank Lauren Weiner for preparation of the figures. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD FEB PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s11357-011-9226-4 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 878YP UT WOS:000299294100011 PM 21424788 ER PT J AU Choi, SJ Lim, JY Nibaldi, EG Phillips, EM Frontera, WR Fielding, RA Widrick, JJ AF Choi, Seung Jun Lim, Jae-Young Nibaldi, Eva G. Phillips, Edward M. Frontera, Walter R. Fielding, Roger A. Widrick, Jeffrey J. TI Eccentric contraction-induced injury to type I, IIa, and IIa/IIx muscle fibers of elderly adults SO AGE LA English DT Article DE Sarcopenia; Muscle damage; Lengthening contractions; Fiber types; Myosin heavy chain ID RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OLDER MEN; LENGTHENING CONTRACTIONS; CYTOSKELETAL DISRUPTION; SHORTENING VELOCITY; SOLEUS MUSCLE; ELBOW FLEXORS; MOUSE SOLEUS; YOUNG MEN; AGE AB Muscles of old laboratory rodents experience exaggerated force losses after eccentric contractile activity. We extended this line of inquiry to humans and investigated the influence of fiber myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content on the injury process. Skinned muscle fiber segments, prepared from vastus lateralis biopsies of elderly men and women (78 +/- 2 years, N = 8), were subjected to a standardized eccentric contraction (strain, 0.25 fiber length; velocity, 0.50 unloaded shortening velocity). Injury was assessed by evaluating pre- and post-eccentric peak Ca2+-activated force per fiber cross-sectional area (F (max)). Over 90% of the variability in post-eccentric F (max) could be explained by a multiple linear regression model consisting of an MHC-independent slope, where injury was directly related to pre-eccentric F (max), and MHC-dependent y-intercepts, where the susceptibility to injury could be described as type IIa/IIx fibers > type IIa fibers > type I fibers. We previously reported that fiber type susceptibility to the same standardized eccentric protocol was type IIa/IIx > type IIa = type I for vastus lateralis fibers of 25-year-old adults (Choi and Widrick, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299:C1409-C1417, 2010). Modeling combined data sets revealed significant age by fiber type interactions, with post-eccentric F (max) deficits greater for type IIa and type IIa/IIx fibers from elderly vs. young subjects at constant pre-eccentric F (max). We conclude that the resistance of the myofilament lattice to mechanical strain has deteriorated for type IIa and type IIa/IIx, but not for type I, vastus lateralis fibers of elderly adults. C1 [Choi, Seung Jun; Lim, Jae-Young; Nibaldi, Eva G.; Phillips, Edward M.; Widrick, Jeffrey J.] Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Krivickas Muscle Cell Physiol Lab, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Choi, Seung Jun; Lim, Jae-Young; Nibaldi, Eva G.; Phillips, Edward M.; Widrick, Jeffrey J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Choi, Seung Jun] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nutr & Exercise Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lim, Jae-Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Songnam, South Korea. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Widrick, JJ (reprint author), Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Krivickas Muscle Cell Physiol Lab, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM jwidrick@partners.org RI Lim, Jae-Young/J-5622-2012; OI Lim, Jae-young/0000-0002-9454-0344 FU NIA [R01-AG-18844]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This research was supported by NIA R01-AG-18844 to RA Fielding, the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679) and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 EI 1574-4647 J9 AGE JI Age PD FEB PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s11357-011-9228-2 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 878YP UT WOS:000299294100019 PM 21431924 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ AF Baer, David J. TI What do we really know about the health effects of natural sources of trans fatty acids? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INDUSTRIAL SOURCES; RUMINANT TRANS; RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 307B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.baer@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 95 IS 2 BP 267 EP 268 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.031096 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 883QC UT WOS:000299647800001 PM 22205318 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH AF Welker, Thomas L. Lim, Chhorn Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Klesius, Phillip H. TI Susceptibility of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with dietary sodium chloride to nitrite toxicity SO AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Nitrite; Nile tilapia; Sodium chloride; Methemoglobin ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; FRESH-WATER; ATPASE ACTIVITY; INDUCED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; COPPER TOXICITY; SEA-WATER AB Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with diets supplemented with 0 or 6% NaCl for 10 weeks. Tilapia were exposed to approximately 21 mg/l nitrite-N after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding to determine the effect of dietary NaCl supplementation on resistance to nitrite toxicity. Fish were sampled before (baseline, pre-exposure) and after 24 h nitrite exposure to determine the effects of dietary NaCl on mortality, hematology (hematocrit, hemoglobin, and methemoglobin), and plasma electrolyte dynamics (nitrite, chloride, sodium, and potassium). After 10 weeks of feeding, tilapia were also challenged with Streptococcus iniae to determine the effect of sodium chloride on immunity. Tilapia fed with the NaCl-supplemented diet had significantly higher weight gain compared with the control group, which was associated with a significant increase in feed intake in the NaCl group. Mortality from nitrite exposure was lower in tilapia fed with the NaCl-supplemented diet compared with the control group at 5 and 10 weeks, but the differences were not significant. However, dietary NaCl supplementation caused a significant decrease in plasma nitrite levels after nitrite exposure. The dietary reduction in nitrite may be related to the increase in plasma chloride in the 6% NaCl-supplemented fish. A direct link between the effects of dietary NaCl supplementation on methemoglobin (MetHb) could not be established. Tilapia in this study were subjected to acute nitrite toxicity. Dietary sodium chloride may be more effective in protecting against nitrite toxicity at lower levels of nitrite, but the conditions at which it proves to be effective may be limited and requires further investigation. Feeding NaCl to tilapia did not affect susceptibility to S. iniae or immune function, but nitrite exposure cause a stress-related reduction in non-specific immune function. This is the first study to examine the effects of dietary salt on nitrite toxicity in tilapia. C1 [Welker, Thomas L.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Lim, Chhorn; Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID USA. EM thomas.welker@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-6120 J9 AQUACULT INT JI Aquac. Int. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 159 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10499-011-9449-5 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 877IN UT WOS:000299171200013 ER PT J AU Bain, DJ Yesilonis, ID Pouyat, RV AF Bain, Daniel J. Yesilonis, Ian D. Pouyat, Richard V. TI Metal concentrations in urban riparian sediments along an urbanization gradient SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Baltimore; Calcium; Trace metal fate and transport; Urban fluvial systems ID LAND-USE; STREET SEDIMENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RURAL GRADIENT; FOREST SOILS; NEW-ZEALAND; MARYLAND; BALTIMORE; ECOSYSTEM; TRENDS AB Urbanization impacts fluvial systems via a combination of changes in sediment chemistry and basin hydrology. While chemical changes in urban soils have been well characterized, similar surveys of riparian sediments in urbanized areas are rare. Metal concentrations were measured in sediments collected from riparian areas across the urbanization gradient in Baltimore, MD. Average metal concentrations are similar to those observed in other regional studies. Two important spatial patterns are evident in the data. First, calcium concentrations double across the urbanization gradient, regardless of changes in underlying geochemistry at the boundary between the Eastern US Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces. Alkali-earth metal ratios indicate that the additional Ca is very pure and possibly arises from cement common to urban systems. Second, hot spots of trace metals typically associated with urban systems (e.g., Cu, Zn, and Pb) occur in areas that have been artificially filled to create additional real estate in high land value areas. Together, these data indicate that riparian sediments exhibit unexpected patterns of metal contamination. If these sediments are remobilized, during events such as droughts or floods, this contamination may perpetuate legacy impacts to ecosystem health from a history of fluvial contamination. C1 [Bain, Daniel J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Yesilonis, Ian D.; Pouyat, Richard V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, USDA, US Forest Serv, Baltimore Ecosystem Study, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Bain, DJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC,4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM dbain@pitt.edu; iyesilonis@fs.fed.us; rpouyat@fs.fed.us RI Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013 FU US Forest Service; Research Work Unit [NE-4952]; Syracuse, NY; National Science Foundation [0423476]; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06OAR4310243, NA07OAR4170518]; University of Pittsburgh College of Arts and Sciences FX The authors wish to thank the US Geological Survey Water Resources Division, and Tom Bullen and John Fitzpatrick in Menlo Park, CA for hosting DJB. Funding support was provided by the US Forest Service's Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit (NE-4952), Syracuse, NY; the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (part of the LTER Program) grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0423476); the University of Maryland Baltimore County, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA06OAR4310243 and NA07OAR4170518); and the University of Pittsburgh College of Arts and Sciences. Most importantly, thanks to the individuals responsible for the collection and processing of core samples analyzed in this work. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2012 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9532-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 864GV UT WOS:000298226700005 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, DM Norton, AP Cox, SE Hardy, EM Liston, GE Kennaway, L Booth, DT Derner, JD AF Blumenthal, Dana M. Norton, Andrew P. Cox, Samuel E. Hardy, Erik M. Liston, Glen E. Kennaway, Lisa Booth, D. Terrance Derner, Justin D. TI Linaria dalmatica invades south-facing slopes and less grazed areas in grazing-tolerant mixed-grass prairie SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica); Invasibility; Rangeland; Semi-arid grassland; Resource availability; Geostatistical model selection ID LIVESTOCK WATERING POINTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; SNOW DISTRIBUTIONS; LARGE HERBIVORES; PLANT DIVERSITY; INVASION; MODEL; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT AB Identifying environments where invasive plants are most invasive is key to understanding causes of invasion and developing effective management strategies. In mixed-grass prairie, invasive plants are often successful in relatively wet, nitrogen-rich areas, and areas protected from grazing. Dalmatian toadflax, a common invader of mixed-grass prairie, can also be favored by high water and nitrogen availability, but is thought to be relatively unpalatable to cattle, and therefore favored by grazing. We used spatially-adjusted model selection techniques to quantify relationships between toadflax cover (measured using very high-resolution aerial imagery), and relative snow deposition (estimated with a blowing snow model), slope, aspect, soil texture, and grazing intensity (estimated by proximity to water tanks). Toadflax was common throughout the 400 ha study site, occurring in 742 of 1,861 images. Toadflax cover was high on steeper slopes, particularly those with southern aspects. These two topographic variables were more effective in explaining toadflax distribution than modeled snow deposition, suggesting that factors other than snow deposition cause toadflax invasion on south-facing slopes. Toadflax cover was also high in areas further from water tanks, indicating that grazing may inhibit toadflax invasion. More broadly, this result suggests that grazing can reduce invasion of even relatively unpalatable species in ecosystems with long evolutionary histories of grazing. C1 [Blumenthal, Dana M.; Hardy, Erik M.] ARS, Crops Res Lab, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Norton, Andrew P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cox, Samuel E.; Booth, D. Terrance; Derner, Justin D.] ARS, Crops Res Lab, USDA,High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Liston, Glen E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kennaway, Lisa] APHIS, USDA, PPQ Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Blumenthal, DM (reprint author), ARS, Crops Res Lab, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM dana.blumenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0085-9 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881UR UT WOS:000299516200011 ER PT J AU Shaw, MR Pendleton, L Cameron, DR Morris, B Bachelet, D Klausmeyer, K MacKenzie, J Conklin, DR Bratman, GN Lenihan, J Haunreiter, E Daly, C Roehrdanz, PR AF Shaw, M. Rebecca Pendleton, Linwood Cameron, D. Richard Morris, Belinda Bachelet, Dominique Klausmeyer, Kirk MacKenzie, Jason Conklin, David R. Bratman, Gregory N. Lenihan, James Haunreiter, Erik Daly, Christopher Roehrdanz, Patrick R. TI The impact of climate change on California's ecosystem services (vol 109, S465, 2011) SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Correction C1 [Shaw, M. Rebecca] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Cameron, D. Richard; Klausmeyer, Kirk; MacKenzie, Jason; Haunreiter, Erik] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Pendleton, Linwood] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Morris, Belinda] Environm Def Fund, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Lenihan, James] Oregon State Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique; Conklin, David R.] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Bratman, Gregory N.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Roehrdanz, Patrick R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Shaw, MR (reprint author), Environm Def Fund, 123 Mission St,28th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM rshaw@edf.org; linwood.pendleton@duke.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2012 VL 110 IS 3-4 BP 1067 EP 1067 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0384-2 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 879QM UT WOS:000299346900029 ER PT J AU Rand, TA van Veen, FJF Tscharntke, T AF Rand, Tatyana A. van Veen, F. J. Frank Tscharntke, Teja TI Landscape complexity differentially benefits generalized fourth, over specialized third, trophic level natural enemies SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; FOOD-WEB; APPARENT COMPETITION; PARASITOID DIVERSITY; FLORAL DIVERSITY; FOREST FRAGMENTS; STINGING NETTLE; HABITAT LOSS; PREDATORS AB The differential loss of higher trophic levels in the face of natural habitat loss can result in the disruption of important trophic interactions, such as biological control. Natural enemies of herbivorous pests in cropping systems often benefit from the presence of natural habitats in surrounding landscapes, as they provide key resources such as alternative hosts. However, any benefits from a biological control perspective may be dampened if this also enhances enemies at the fourth trophic level. Remarkably, studies of the influence of landscape structure on diversity and interactions of fourth trophic-level natural enemies are largely lacking. We carried out a large-scale sampling study to investigate the effects of landscape complexity (i.e. the proportion of non-crop habitat in the landscapes surrounding focal study areas) on the parasitoid communities of aphids in wheat and on an abundant extra-field plant, stinging nettle. Primary parasitoid communities (3rd trophic level) attacking the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae, had little overlap with the communities attacking the nettle aphid, Microlophium carnosum, while secondary parasitoids (4th trophic level) showed high levels of species overlap across these two aphids (25 vs 73% shared species respectively), resulting in significantly higher linkage density and lower specialization for secondary than primary parasitoid webs. In wheat, parasitoid diversity was not related to landscape complexity for either primary or secondary parasitoids. Rates of primary parasitism were generally low, while secondary parasitism rates were high (37-94%) and increased significantly with increasing landscape complexity, although this pattern was driven by a single secondary parasitoid species. Overall, our results demonstrate that extra-field habitats and landscape complexity can differentially benefit fourth, over third, trophic level natural enemies, and thereby, could dampen biological control. Our results further suggest that fourth trophic-level enemies may play an important, yet understudied, role in linking insect population dynamics across habitat types. C1 [Rand, Tatyana A.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [van Veen, F. J. Frank] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Sch Biosci, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Tscharntke, Teja] Univ Gottingen, DE-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Rand, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM tatyana.rand@ars.usda.gov RI van Veen, Franciscus/H-2101-2013; Tscharntke, Teja/N-5123-2014; OI van Veen, Frank/0000-0003-0708-5492 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF) FX We thank Mattias Jonsson, Dave Branson and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on the manuscript. Support to TAR while carrying out this research was provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Further funding came from the German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF) to TT. We further thank Anne Bogdanski, Katharina Drzewiecki, and Ines Vollhardt for field and laboratory assistance. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.07016.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880ND UT WOS:000299413000001 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF Medrano, EG AF Esquivel, J. F. Medrano, E. G. TI Localization of selected pathogens of cotton within the southern green stink bug SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Nezara viridula; infection; bacteria; yeast; cotton boll; alimentary canal; Pantoea agglomerans; Pantoea ananatis; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Nematospora coryli; Hemiptera; Pentatomidae ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA HEMIPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; TRANSMISSION; BACTERIAL; DISEASE; SEED AB Southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), are pests of cotton recently shown to ingest, retain, and introduce some pathogens of cotton into bolls. The objective of this study was to determine where pathogen colonization occurs in N. viridula after ingestion. Laboratory-reared adult N. viridula were fed sterile green beans soaked in water (control) or beans previously soaked in a suspension of one of three opportunistic bacterial pathogens [Pantoea agglomerans (Ewing & Fife), Pantoea ananatis (Serrano) Truper & DeClari, or Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schroeter)] or a yeast [Nematospora coryli (Peglion)]. The insect rostrum, head, and alimentary canal were subsequently processed to determine the presence of pathogenic organisms. Overall, the alimentary canal exhibited significantly more bacterial colony forming units per g tissue (mean +/- SEM = 4 806.3 +/- 397.2) than the head (443.4 +/- 397.2) and rostrum (46.0 +/- 397.2); concentrations in the head and rostrum did not differ significantly. All four pathogens were detected in the alimentary canal, but only P. agglomerans and N. coryli were detected in the rostrum and head. Although P. ananatis and K. pneumoniae were only detected in the alimentary canal, their ranges of concentrations were similar to those of P. agglomerans and N. coryli in this tissue. Non-selective media indicated that other bacterial fauna was also detected in all study insects. Thus, N. viridula does not discriminate with regard to ingestion of pathogens. The observed distribution pattern of tested bacteria and yeast in certain tissues of N. viridula clarifies the propensity for transmission of P. agglomerans and N. coryli. Results are discussed in relation to future research avenues examining selective colonization of certain pathogens and frequency of host infection by adults harboring the pathogenic organisms. C1 [Esquivel, J. F.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Medrano, E. G.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jesus.esquivel@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 142 IS 2 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01205.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873WY UT WOS:000298916500004 ER PT J AU Palmer, GH Brown, WC Noh, SM Brayton, KA AF Palmer, Guy H. Brown, Wendy C. Noh, Susan M. Brayton, Kelly A. TI Genome-wide screening and identification of antigens for rickettsial vaccine development SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rickettsia; vaccines; immunization; genome-wide; proteomics ID PATHOGEN ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; T-LYMPHOCYTE; RESPONSES; SURFACE; SUPERINFECTION; CONSERVATION; INFECTION; PEPTIDES AB The capacity to identify immunogens for vaccine development by genome-wide screening has been markedly enhanced by the availability of microbial genome sequences coupled to proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. Critical to this approach is in vivo testing in the context of a natural hostpathogen relationship, one that includes genetic diversity in the host as well as among pathogen strains. We aggregate the results of three independent genome-wide screens using in vivo immunization and protection against Anaplasma marginale as a model for discovery of vaccine antigens for rickettsial pathogens. In silico analysis identified 62 outer membrane proteins (Omp) from the 949 predicted proteins in the A. marginale genome. These 62 Omps were reduced to 10 vaccine candidates by two independent genome-wide screens using IgG2 from vaccinates protected from challenge following vaccination with outer membranes (screen 1) or bacterial surface complexes (screen 2). Omps with broadly conserved epitopes were identified by immunization with a live heterologous vaccine, A. marginale ssp. centrale (screen 3), reducing the candidates to three. The genome-wide screens identified Omps that have orthologs broadly conserved among rickettsial pathogens, highlighted the importance of identifying immunologically subdominant antigens, and supported the use of reverse vaccinology approaches in vaccine development for rickettsial diseases. C1 [Palmer, Guy H.; Brown, Wendy C.; Noh, Susan M.; Brayton, Kelly A.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Palmer, Guy H.; Brown, Wendy C.; Noh, Susan M.; Brayton, Kelly A.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Noh, Susan M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI044005, AI053692]; BARD [US4187-09C]; USDA-ARS [5348-32000-027-00D/-01S]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AI044005 and AI053692, BARD grant US4187-09C, USDA-ARS grant 5348-32000-027-00D/-01S, and The Wellcome Trust GR075800M. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0928-8244 EI 1574-695X J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 SI SI BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00878.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 874LA UT WOS:000298957500019 PM 22066488 ER PT J AU Oakley, BB Morales, CA Line, JE Seal, BS Hiett, KL AF Oakley, Brian B. Morales, Cesar A. Line, J. Eric Seal, Bruce S. Hiett, Kelli L. TI Application of high-throughput sequencing to measure the performance of commonly used selective cultivation methods for the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrosequencing; cultivation; diagnostics; NGS; media development ID BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; RARE BIOSPHERE; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; CECAL CONTENTS; JEJUNI; CHICKEN; ENUMERATION; AGAR; RESISTANCE; SPECIMENS AB Campylobacter is an important foodborne human pathogen, which has traditionally been studied using a variety of selective cultivation methods. Here we use next-generation sequencing to ask the following: (i) how selective are commonly used Campylobacter cultivation methods relative to the initial sample and (ii) how do the specificity and sensitivity of these methods compare with one another To answer these questions, we used 16S rRNA tagged-pyrosequencing to sequence directly from a pooled fecal sample representing a c. 16 000 bird poultry flock and compared these data to exhaustive sequencing of colonies formed after plating. We compared five commonly used media [Cefex, Cape Town, modified cefoperazone charcoal deoxycholate agar (mCCDA), Campy-Line agar (CLA), and Campy-CVA agar (CVA)], two incubation atmospheres (10% CO2, 5% O2, 85% N2 and 10% CO2, 10% H2, 80% N2), and two incubation temperatures (37 and 42 degrees C). Analysis of 404 104 total sequence reads, including 19 472 total fecal reads, revealed Campylobacter represented only a small proportion (< 0.04%) of sequences present in the feces, but 8897% of sequences from each media type. Incubation atmosphere had little effect on recovery, but a significant difference in media specificity (more non-Campylobacter OTUs; P = 0.028) was found at 42 vs. 37 degrees C. The most common non-Campylobacter sequence type was Proteus, which ranged from 0.04% of sequences (mCCDA) to 10.8% (Cape Town). High-throughput sequencing provides a novel and powerful approach to measure the performance of selective media, which remain widely used for research and regulatory purposes. C1 [Oakley, Brian B.; Morales, Cesar A.; Line, J. Eric; Seal, Bruce S.; Hiett, Kelli L.] ARS, USDA, PMSRU, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Oakley, BB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PMSRU, Richard B Russell Agr Reearch Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM brian.oakley@ars.usda.gov FU ARS; USDA CRIS [6612-32000-055] FX Funding was provided by the ARS, USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-055 Molecular Characterization and Gastrointestinal Tract Ecology of Commensal Human Food-Borne Bacterial Pathogens in the Chicken. We acknowledge the generous support of a local poultry facility and the excellent technical assistance of Manju Amin, Susan Brooks, Johnna Garrish, Susan Mize, and Latoya Wiggins. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 79 IS 2 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01219.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 872CA UT WOS:000298782900005 PM 22092388 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Anderson, RS Arain, MA Barr, AG Bohrer, G Chen, GS Chen, JM Ciais, P Davis, KJ Desai, AR Dietze, MC Dragoni, D Garrity, SR Gough, CM Grant, R Hollinger, DY Margolis, HA McCaughey, H Migliavacca, M Monson, RK Munger, JW Poulter, B Raczka, BM Ricciuto, DM Sahoo, AK Schaefer, K Tian, HQ Vargas, R Verbeeck, H Xiao, JF Xue, YK AF Richardson, Andrew D. Anderson, Ryan S. Arain, M. Altaf Barr, Alan G. Bohrer, Gil Chen, Guangsheng Chen, Jing M. Ciais, Philippe Davis, Kenneth J. Desai, Ankur R. Dietze, Michael C. Dragoni, Danilo Garrity, Steven R. Gough, Christopher M. Grant, Robert Hollinger, David Y. Margolis, Hank A. McCaughey, Harry Migliavacca, Mirco Monson, Russell K. Munger, J. William Poulter, Benjamin Raczka, Brett M. Ricciuto, Daniel M. Sahoo, Alok K. Schaefer, Kevin Tian, Hanqin Vargas, Rodrigo Verbeeck, Hans Xiao, Jingfeng Xue, Yongkang TI Terrestrial biosphere models need better representation of vegetation phenology: results from the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autumn senescence; carbon cycle; land surface model (LSM); leaf area index (LAI); model error; North American Carbon Program (NACP); phenology; seasonal dynamics; spring onset ID NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SPRING PHENOLOGY; TEMPERATE REGIONS; HIGH-ELEVATION; SATELLITE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Phenology, by controlling the seasonal activity of vegetation on the land surface, plays a fundamental role in regulating photosynthesis and other ecosystem processes, as well as competitive interactions and feedbacks to the climate system. We conducted an analysis to evaluate the representation of phenology, and the associated seasonality of ecosystem-scale CO2 exchange, in 14 models participating in the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis. Model predictions were evaluated using long-term measurements (emphasizing the period 20002006) from 10 forested sites within the AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada networks. In deciduous forests, almost all models consistently predicted that the growing season started earlier, and ended later, than was actually observed; biases of 2 weeks or more were typical. For these sites, most models were also unable to explain more than a small fraction of the observed interannual variability in phenological transition dates. Finally, for deciduous forests, misrepresentation of the seasonal cycle resulted in over-prediction of gross ecosystem photosynthesis by +160 145 g C m-2 yr-1 during the spring transition period and +75 +/- 130 g C m-2 yr-1 during the autumn transition period (13% and 8% annual productivity, respectively) compensating for the tendency of most models to under-predict the magnitude of peak summertime photosynthetic rates. Models did a better job of predicting the seasonality of CO2 exchange for evergreen forests. These results highlight the need for improved understanding of the environmental controls on vegetation phenology and incorporation of this knowledge into better phenological models. Existing models are unlikely to predict future responses of phenology to climate change accurately and therefore will misrepresent the seasonality and interannual variability of key biosphereatmosphere feedbacks and interactions in coupled global climate models. C1 [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, HUH, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Anderson, Ryan S.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Barr, Alan G.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chen, Guangsheng] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Ciais, Philippe] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climatet Environm LSCE, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Davis, Kenneth J.; Raczka, Brett M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dietze, Michael C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Garrity, Steven R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gough, Christopher M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Grant, Robert] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Margolis, Hank A.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Forestry Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [McCaughey, Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Migliavacca, Mirco] European Commiss DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change & Air Qual Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Poulter, Benjamin] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Ricciuto, Daniel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sahoo, Alok K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Vargas, Rodrigo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Verbeeck, Hans] Univ Ghent, Plant Ecol Lab, Fac Biosci Engn, Ghent, Belgium. [Xiao, Jingfeng] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Xue, Yongkang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, HUH, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM arichardson@oeb.harvard.edu RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Garrity, Steven/A-8929-2011; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Migliavacca, mirco/C-1260-2011; Verbeeck, Hans/A-2106-2009; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016 OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518; Verbeeck, Hans/0000-0003-1490-0168; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research [DE-AI02-07ER64355]; National Science Foundation [EF-1065029, DEB 0911461]; Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change [DE-FC03-90ER61010, DE-FC02-06ER64158]; USDA Northern Research Station [09-JV-11242306-105]; Wisconsin Focus on Energy; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64371]; NOAA [NA07OAR431011] FX We thank the NACP Site Synthesis, the modeling teams, and the AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada Research Network/Canadian Carbon Program PIs who provided the data on which this analysis is based. We also thank the funding agencies that have supported model development and long-term flux measurements. A. D. R. thanks Mark Friedl and Steve Running for feedback on a draft manuscript, and Youngryel Ryu for assistance with leaf area index estimates. A. D. R. and D. Y. H. acknowledge support from the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through the Terrestrial Carbon Program under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355 and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. A. D. R. acknowledges additional support from the National Science Foundation through the Macrosystems Biology program, award EF-1065029. A. R. D. and K. J. D. acknowledge support from the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC03-90ER61010, USDA Northern Research Station Joint Venture agreement 09-JV-11242306-105, and the Wisconsin Focus on Energy. D. D. acknowledges support from the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, through agreement DE-FG02-07ER64371. G. B. and C. M. G. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation grant no. DEB 0911461 and the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-06ER64158. K. S. acknowledges support from NOAA Award NA07OAR431011. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 84 TC 188 Z9 196 U1 9 U2 157 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 566 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02562.x PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875PB UT WOS:000299042500015 ER PT J AU Leisner, CP Ainsworth, EA AF Leisner, Courtney P. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. TI Quantifying the effects of ozone on plant reproductive growth and development SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flower; fruit; global change; meta-analysis; ozone pollution; pollen; yield ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; BRASSICA-NAPUS L; SURFACE OZONE; GAS-EXCHANGE; CROP YIELD; CELL-DEATH; IMPACT; METAANALYSIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a harmful air pollutant that can negatively impact plant growth and development. Current O3 concentrations ([O3]) decrease forest productivity and crop yields and future [O3] will likely increase if current emission rates continue. However, the specific effects of elevated [O3] on reproductive development, a critical stage in the plant's lifecycle, have not been quantitatively reviewed. Data from 128 peer-reviewed articles published from 1968 to 2010 describing the effects of O3 on reproductive growth and development were analysed using meta-analytic techniques. Studies were categorized based on experimental conditions, photosynthetic type, lifecycle, growth habit and flowering class. Current ambient [O3] significantly decreased seed number (-16%), fruit number (-9%) and fruit weight (-22%) compared to charcoal-filtered air. In addition, pollen germination and tube growth were decreased by elevated [O3] compared to charcoal-filtered air. Relative to ambient air, fumigation with [O3] between 70 and 100 ppb decreased yield by 27% and individual seed weight by 18%. Reproductive development of both C3 and C4 plants was sensitive to elevated [O3], and lifecycle, flowering class and reproductive growth habit did not significantly affect a plant's response to elevated [O3] for many components of reproductive development. However, elevated [O3] decreased fruit weight and fruit number significantly in indeterminate plants, and had no effect on these parameters in determinate plants. While gaps in knowledge remain about the effects of O3 on plants with different growth habits, reproductive strategies and photosynthetic types, the evidence strongly suggests that detrimental effects of O3 on reproductive growth and development are compromising current crop yields and the fitness of native plant species. C1 [Leisner, Courtney P.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Edward R Madigan Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lisa.ainsworth@ars.usda.gov FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65114-20355] FX This work was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2010-65114-20355 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We acknowledge Dr. Sascha Offermann, Dr. Craig Yendrek, Dr. Jeff Skoneczka, Robert Koester and Amy Betzelberger for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 79 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 8 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02535.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875PB UT WOS:000299042500018 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Jin, VL Fay, PA AF Polley, H. Wayne Jin, Virginia L. Fay, Philip A. TI CO2-caused change in plant species composition rivals the shift in vegetation between mid-grass and tallgrass prairies SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aboveground biomass production; forbs; grassland; plant functional group; precipitation; soil texture; soil water content; subambient CO2; threshold; water availability ID TERM CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER RELATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; C-4 GRASSES; PRODUCTIVITY AB Atmospheric CO2 enrichment usually changes the relative contributions of plant species to biomass production of grasslands, but the types of species favored and mechanisms by which change is mediated differ among ecosystems. We measured changes in the contributions of C3 perennial forbs and C4 grasses to aboveground biomass production of tallgrass prairie assemblages grown along a field CO2 gradient (250500 mu mol mol-1) in central Texas USA. Vegetation was grown on three soil types and irrigated each season with water equivalent to the growing season mean of precipitation for the area. We predicted that CO2 enrichment would increase the forb contribution to community production, and favor tall-grasses over mid-grasses by increasing soil water content and reducing the frequency with which soil water fell below a limitation threshold. CO2 enrichment favored forbs over grasses on only one of three soil types, a Mollisol. The grass fraction of production increased dramatically across the CO2 gradient on all soils. Contribution of the tall-grass Sorghastrum nutans to production increased at elevated CO2 on the two most coarse-textured of the soils studied, a clay Mollisol and sandy Alfisol. The CO2-caused increase in Sorghastrum was accompanied by an offsetting decline in production of the mid-grass Bouteloua curtipendula. Increased CO2 favored the tall-grass over mid-grass by increasing soil water content and apparently intensifying competition for light or other resources (Mollisol) or reducing the frequency with which soil water dipped below threshold levels (Alfisol). An increase in CO2 of 250 mu mol mol-1 above the pre-industrial level thus led to a shift in the relative production of established species that is similar in magnitude to differences observed between mid-grass and tallgrass prairies along a precipitation gradient in the central USA. By reducing water limitation to plants, atmospheric CO2 enrichment may alter the composition and even structure of grassland vegetation. C1 [Polley, H. Wayne; Jin, Virginia L.; Fay, Philip A.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wayne.polley@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 700 EP 710 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02529.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875PB UT WOS:000299042500025 ER PT J AU Xue, BY Rooney, AP Roelofs, WL AF Xue, Bingye Rooney, Alejandro P. Roelofs, Wendell L. TI Genome-wide screening and transcriptional profile analysis of desaturase genes in the European corn borer moth SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library; desaturase; European corn borer; G plus C; sex pheromone ID SEX-PHEROMONE DESATURASES; CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE DESATURASE; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; CLONING; ACIDS AB Acyl-coenzyme A (Acyl-CoA) desaturases play a key role in the biosynthesis of female moth sex pheromones. Desaturase genes are encoded by a large multigene family, and they have been divided into five subgroups on the basis of biochemical functionality and phylogenetic affinity. In this study both copy numbers and transcriptional levels of desaturase genes in the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, were investigated. The results from genome-wide screening of ECB bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library indicated there are many copies of some desaturase genes in the genome. An open reading frame (ORF) has been isolated for the novel desaturase gene ECB ezi-Delta 11 beta from ECB gland complementary DNA and its functionality has been analyzed by two yeast expression systems. No functional activities have been detected for it. The expression levels of the four desaturase genes both in the pheromone gland and fat body of ECB and Asian corn borer (ACB), O. furnacalis, were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the ECB gland, Delta 11 is the most abundant, although the amount of Delta 14 is also considerable. In the ACB gland, Delta 14 is the most abundant and is 100 times more abundant than all the other three combined. The results from the analysis of evolution of desaturase gene transcription in the ECB, ACB and other moths indicate that the pattern of Delta 11 gene transcription is significantly different from the transcriptional patterns of other desaturase genes and this difference is tied to the underlying nucleotide composition bias of the genome. C1 [Xue, Bingye; Roelofs, Wendell L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RP Roelofs, WL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, 630 West North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM wlr1@cornell.edu FU USDA-CSREES NRI [2002 35302-12287] FX This project was supported by Award Number 2002 35302-12287 of the USDA-CSREES NRI Competitive Grants Program. The authors thank Dr. Richard G. Harrison and his laboratory for supplying the European corn borer bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, Steven M. Bogdanowicz for technical assistance, and Sepp Kohlwein and Charles Martin for supplying the elo1 and ole1 mutant yeast strains, respectively. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2011.01427.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 880FZ UT WOS:000299391800007 ER PT J AU Bocsanczy, AM Schneider, DJ DeClerck, GA Cartinhour, S Beera, SV AF Bocsanczy, A. M. Schneider, D. J. DeClerck, G. A. Cartinhour, S. Beera, S. V. TI HopX1 in Erwinia amylovora Functions as an Avirulence Protein in Apple and Is Regulated by HrpL SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; PV. TOMATO DC3000; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; REGULON; HARPIN; PLANTS AB Fire blight is a devastating disease of rosaceous plants caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora. This pathogen delivers virulence proteins into host cells utilizing the type III secretion system (T3SS). Expression of the T3SS and of translocated and secreted substrates is activated by the alternative sigma factor HrpL, which recognizes hrp box promoters upstream of regulated genes. A collection of hidden Markov model ( HMM) profiles was used to identify putative hrp boxes in the genome sequence of Ea273, a highly virulent strain of E. amylovora. Among potential virulence factors preceded by putative hrp boxes, two genes previously known as Eop3 and Eop2 were characterized. The presence of functionally active hrp boxes upstream of these two genes was confirmed by beta-glucuronidase (GUS) assays. Deletion mutants of the latter candidate genes, renamed hopX1(Ea) and hopAK1(Ea), respectively, did not differ in virulence from the wild-type strain when assayed in pear fruit and apple shoots. The hopX1(Ea) deletion mutant of Ea273, complemented with a plasmid overexpressing hopX1(Ea), suppressed the development of the hypersensitivity response (HR) when inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana; however, it contributed to HR in Nicotiana tabacum and significantly reduced the progress of disease in apple shoots, suggesting that HopX1(Ea) may act as an avirulence protein in apple shoots. C1 [Bocsanczy, A. M.; Schneider, D. J.; Cartinhour, S.; Beera, S. V.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schneider, D. J.; Cartinhour, S.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [DeClerck, G. A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Beera, SV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM svb1@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 FU NSF/USDA CSREES [2004-35600-14258] FX This work was supported by NSF/USDA CSREES Microbial Genome Sequencing grant 2004-35600-14258. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 194 IS 3 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1128/JB.05065-11 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 879DF UT WOS:000299309200001 PM 22123252 ER PT J AU Williams, ML Gillaspy, AF Dyer, DW Thune, RL Waldbieser, GC Schuster, SC Gipson, J Zaitshik, J Landry, C Banes, MM Lawrence, ML AF Williams, M. L. Gillaspy, A. F. Dyer, D. W. Thune, R. L. Waldbieser, G. C. Schuster, S. C. Gipson, J. Zaitshik, J. Landry, C. Banes, M. M. Lawrence, M. L. TI Genome Sequence of Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146, a Strain Associated with a Natural Channel Catfish Outbreak of Enteric Septicemia of Catfish SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUNCTATUS AB Edwardsiella ictaluri is the cause of extensive mortalities and economic losses to the channel catfish industry of the southeast United States. Here we report the complete genome of Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146. Whole-genome sequence analysis of E. ictaluri provides a tool for understanding the genomic regions specific to the species and the Edwardsiella genus. C1 [Williams, M. L.; Banes, M. M.; Lawrence, M. L.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gillaspy, A. F.; Dyer, D. W.; Gipson, J.; Zaitshik, J.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Thune, R. L.; Landry, C.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Waldbieser, G. C.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Schuster, S. C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lawrence, ML (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM lawrence@cvm.msstate.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35600-14180]; College of Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2004-35600-14180, and by the College of Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 194 IS 3 BP 740 EP 741 DI 10.1128/JB.06522-11 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 879DF UT WOS:000299309200031 PM 22247535 ER PT J AU Huang, L Sites, J AF Huang, L. Sites, J. TI ELIMINATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON COOKED CHICKEN BREAST MEAT SURFACES BY NEAR-INFRARED SURFACE PASTEURIZATION PRIOR TO FINAL PACKAGING SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The objective of this research was to develop a process to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat chicken meats by near-infrared (NIR) surface pasteurization immediately prior to final packaging. Cooked chicken breast meats, surface-inoculated with a cocktail of L. monocytogenes, were subjected to NIR treatment. The surface temperature of the inoculated samples was increased to and then maintained at a temperature set point (62, 68 or 75C) for up to 8 min, depending on the temperature. On average, the overall rates of bacterial inactivation were 0.35, 0.89 and 1.6 log cycles/min for the samples treated at 62, 68 or 75C, respectively. In contrast, the bacterial inactivation rates were only 0.21, 0.53, 0.63 or 0.95 log-cycles/min for samples submerged under hot water maintained at 62, 68, 75 or 85C, respectively. NIR surface pasteurization process was convincingly more effective than the hot water immersion process to eliminate L. monocytogenes. C1 [Huang, L.; Sites, J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8876 J9 J FOOD PROCESS ENG JI J. Food Process Eng. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00551.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 880NF UT WOS:000299413300001 ER PT J AU Van Horn, L Tian, L Neuhouser, ML Howard, BV Eaton, CB Snetselaar, L Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH AF Van Horn, Linda Tian, Lu Neuhouser, Marian L. Howard, Barbara V. Eaton, Charles B. Snetselaar, Linda Matthan, Nirupa R. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Disease Risk among Participants in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EATING PATTERNS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; FRAMINGHAM NUTRITION AB Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in women. A nested case-control study tested whether dietary patterns predicted CHD events among 1224 participants in the Women's Health Initiative-Observational Study (WHI-OS) with centrally confirmed CHD, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarct compared to 1224 WHI-OS controls matched for age, enrollment date, race/ethnicity, and absence of CHD at baseline or follow-up. The first six principal components explained >75% of variation in dietary intakes and K-mean analysis based on these six components produced three clusters. Diet cluster 1 was rich in carbohydrate, vegetable protein, fiber, dietary vitamin K, folate, carotenoids, alpha-linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)], linoleic acid 118:2(n-6)1, and supplemental calcium and vitamin D. Diet cluster 2 was rich in total and animal protein, arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)], DHA [22:6(n-3)], vitamin D, and calcium. Diet cluster 3 was rich in energy, total fat, and trans fatty acids (all P < 0.01). Conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated diet cluster 1 was associated with lower CHD risk than diet cluster 2 (reference group) adjusted for smoking, education, and physical activity [OR = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.64, 0.99); P = 0.038]. This difference was not significant after adjustment for BMI and systolic blood pressure. Diet cluster 3 was associated with higher CHD risk than diet cluster 2 [OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 1.04, 1.57); P = 0.019], but this difference did not remain significant after adjustment for smoking, education, and physical activity. Within this WHI-OS cohort, distinct dietary patterns may be associated with subsequent CHD outcomes. J. Nutr. 142: 284-291, 2012. C1 [Van Horn, Linda] Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Tian, Lu] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Neuhouser, Marian L.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Howard, Barbara V.] MedStar Res Inst, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Eaton, Charles B.] Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth Epidemiol, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. [Snetselaar, Linda] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Matthan, Nirupa R.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Van Horn, L (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM lvanhorn@northwestern.edu RI ma, qi/G-3268-2011 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN26800764317C, N01WH22110, 24152, 32100-2, 32105-6, 32108-9, 32111-13, 32115, 32118-32119, 32122, 42107-26, 42129-32, 44221] FX Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through contracts HHSN26800764317C, N01WH22110, 24152, 32100-2, 32105-6, 32108-9, 32111-13, 32115, 32118-32119, 32122, 42107-26, 42129-32, and 44221. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 142 IS 2 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.3945/jn.111.145375 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 880LN UT WOS:000299408700013 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Stewart, JE Dumroese, RK Klopfenstein, NB AF Kim, Mee-Sook Stewart, Jane E. Dumroese, R. Kasten Klopfenstein, Ned B. TI Occurrence of the Root Rot Pathogen, Fusarium commune, in Forest Nurseries of?the Midwestern and Western United States SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest nursery; Fusarium commune; root rot AB Fusarium commune can cause damping-off and root rot of conifer seedlings in forest nurseries, and this pathogen has been previously reported from Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, USA. We collected Fusarium isolates from additional nurseries in the midwestern and western USA to more fully determine occurrence of this pathogen. We used DNA sequences of the mitochondrial small subunit gene to identify F.commune. In addition to confirming the occurrence of F.commune in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, USA, we also discovered that F.commune is even more widespread with this first report of F.commune occurring in Nevada, Montana, Nebraska, and Michigan, USA. C1 [Stewart, Jane E.; Dumroese, R. Kasten; Klopfenstein, Ned B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kim, Mee-Sook] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Klopfenstein, NB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service-RMRS Research Program of Kookmin University in Korea FX The project was supported by the USDA Forest Service-RMRS and Research Program 2012 of Kookmin University in Korea. We greatly appreciate Drs. Robert L. James and Jeffrey K. Stone for providing Fusarium isolates and John W. Hanna for technical assistance. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 160 IS 2 BP 112 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01865.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 870MD UT WOS:000298672600008 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Martin, JH AF Cantrell, Keri B. Martin, Jerry H., II TI Stochastic state-space temperature regulation of biochar production. Part I: Theoretical development SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; char; process control; waste treatment; waste minimization ID SYSTEMS AB BACKGROUND: The concept of a designer biochar that targets the improvement of a specific soil property imposes the need for production processes to generate biochars with both high consistency and quality. These important production parameters can be affected by variations in process temperature that must be taken into account when controlling the pyrolysis of agricultural residues such as manures and other feedstocks. RESULTS: A novel stochastic state-space temperature regulator was developed to accurately match biochar batch production to a defined temperature input schedule. This was accomplished by describing the system's state-space with five temperature variables - four directly measured and one change in temperature. Relationships were derived between the observed state and the desired, controlled state. When testing the unit at two different temperatures, the actual pyrolytic temperature was within 3 degrees C of the control with no overshoot. CONCLUSION: This state-space regulator simultaneously controlled the indirect heat source and sample temperature by employing difficult-to-measure variables such as temperature stability in the description of the pyrolysis system's state-space. These attributes make a state-space controller an optimum control scheme for the production of a predictable, repeatable designer biochar. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cantrell, Keri B.; Martin, Jerry H., II] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4618 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 872GT UT WOS:000298798000003 PM 21987231 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Martin, JH AF Cantrell, Keri B. Martin, Jerry H., II TI Stochastic state-space temperature regulation of biochar production. Part II: Application to manure processing via pyrolysis SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; char; process control; waste treatment; waste minimization ID THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; RENEWABLE ENERGY; SWINE MANURE; OPPORTUNITIES; TECHNOLOGY; CHARCOAL; SOIL AB BACKGROUND: State-of-the-art control systems that can guarantee the pyrolytic exposure temperature are needed in the production of designer biochars. These designer biochars will have tailored characteristics that can offer improvement of specific soil properties such as water-holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. RESULTS: A novel stochastic state-space temperature regulator was developed for the batch production of biochar that accurately matched the pyrolytic exposure temperature to a defined temperature input schedule. This system was evaluated by processing triplicate swine manure biochars at two temperatures, 350 and 700 degrees C. The results revealed a low coefficient of variation (CV) in their composition and near-similar (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance structure as well as thermal degradation patterns. When pyrolysing at 350 degrees C, the stochastic state-space regulator generated a biochar with lower CV in ultimate (i.e. CHNS) compositional analysis than the original feedstock. CONCLUSION: This state-space controller had the ability to pyrolyse a feedstock and generate a consistent biochar with similar structural properties and consistent compositional characteristics. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cantrell, Keri B.; Martin, Jerry H., II] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 490 EP 495 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4617 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 872GT UT WOS:000298798000004 PM 21987175 ER PT J AU Bryant, RJ Anders, M McClung, A AF Bryant, Rolfe J. Anders, Merle McClung, Anna TI Impact of production practices on physicochemical properties of rice grain quality SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa L; rice grain quality; rice; crop rotation; rice fertilization; rice irrigation ID FURROW-IRRIGATED RICE; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; CULTIVARS; PROTEINS; AMYLOSE; STARCH AB BACKGROUND: Rice growers are interested in new technologies that can reduce input costs while maintaining high field yields and grain quality. The bed-and-furrow (BF) water management system benefits farmers through decreased water usage, labor, and fuel as compared to standard flood management. Fertilizer inputs can be reduced by producing rice in rotation with soybeans, a nitrogen-fixing crop, and with the use of slow-release fertilizers that reduce nitrogen volatilization and run-off. However, the influence of these cultural management practices on rice physicochemical properties is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer source, water management system, and crop rotation on rice grain quality. RESULTS: Grain protein concentration was lower in a continuous rice production system than in a rice-soybean rotation. Neither amylose content nor gelatinization temperature was altered by fertilizer source, crop rotation, or water management. BF water management decreased peak and breakdown viscosities relative to a flooded system. Peak and final paste viscosities were decreased by all fertilizer sources, whereas, crop rotation had no influence on the Rapid Visco Analyser profile. CONCLUSION: Sustainable production systems that decrease water use and utilize crop rotations and slow-release fertilizers have no major impact on rice physicochemical properties. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bryant, Rolfe J.; McClung, Anna] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Anders, Merle] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Bryant, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM rolfe.bryant@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 564 EP 569 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4608 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 872GT UT WOS:000298798000014 PM 25363646 ER PT J AU Simkovic, I White, RH Fuller, AM AF Simkovic, Ivan White, Robert H. Fuller, Anne M. TI Flammability studies of impregnated paper sheets SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE Agricultural residues; Cone calorimeter; Flame retardance; Composites; Intumescence ID CONE CALORIMETER; FIRE; CELLULOSE; SILICA AB Paper sheets impregnated with flame retardants made from agricultural residues and other additives were studied with the cone calorimeter. The use of sugar beet ethanol eluent (SBE), CaCl(2), and ZnCl(2) lowered the peak rate of heat release (PRHR) the most in comparison to water treated material. The average effective heat of combustion (AEHC) was lowered by most of our treatments with the exception of BMIC (butylmethylimidazolium chloride)/starch (BMS). The average mass loss rate was lowered by all the treatments, but the most by the use of ZnCl(2) and CaCl(2) treatments. Mass losses were the least with SBE, CaCl(2)/NaOH/starch, and CaCl(2)/NaOH treatments. The BMS sample exhibited the greatest total heat release while SBE samples gave the smallest value of the parameter. The flame retarding effect of SBE was ascribed to the presence of ferulates which prevented the formation of volatile products by condensing into polycyclic aromatic residue. C1 [Simkovic, Ivan] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. [White, Robert H.; Fuller, Anne M.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Simkovic, I (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. EM chemsimk@savba.sk FU Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA) [2/7143/27, 2/0087/11]; Fulbright Foundation; [APVV-0650-07] FX This work was supported by the grants 2/7143/27 and 2/0087/11 from the Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA), APVV-0650-07, and the Fulbright Foundation. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 107 IS 2 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.1007/s10973-011-1690-7 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 880AN UT WOS:000299376600014 ER PT J AU Segundo, FDS Weiss, M Perez-Martin, E Dias, CC Grubman, MJ de los Santos, T AF Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San Weiss, Marcelo Perez-Martin, Eva Dias, Camila C. Grubman, Marvin J. de los Santos, Teresa TI Inoculation of Swine with Foot-and-Mouth Disease SAP-Mutant Virus Induces Early Protection against Disease SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTION; BINDING-PROTEIN COMPLEX; T-CELL RESPONSE; KAPPA-B; LEADER PROTEINASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DENDRITIC CELLS; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; POLIOVIRUS INFECTION; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader proteinase (L(pro)) cleaves itself from the viral polyprotein and cleaves the translation initiation factor eIF4G. As a result, host cell translation is inhibited, affecting the host innate immune response. We have demonstrated that L(pro) is also associated with degradation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a process that requires L(pro) nuclear localization. Additionally, we reported that disruption of a conserved protein domain within the L(pro) coding sequence, SAP mutation, prevented L(pro) nuclear retention and degradation of NF-kappa B, resulting in in vitro attenuation. Here we report that inoculation of swine with this SAP-mutant virus does not cause clinical signs of disease, viremia, or virus shedding even when inoculated at doses 100-fold higher than those required to cause disease with wild-type (WT) virus. Remarkably, SAP-mutant virus-inoculated animals developed a strong neutralizing antibody response and were completely protected against challenge with WT FMDV as early as 2 days postinoculation and for at least 21 days postinoculation. Early protection correlated with a distinct pattern in the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in comparison to the levels detected in animals inoculated with WT FMDV that developed disease. In addition, animals inoculated with the FMDV SAP mutant displayed a memory T cell response that resembled infection with WT virus. Our results suggest that L(pro) plays a pivotal role in modulating several pathways of the immune response. Furthermore, manipulation of the L(pro) coding region may serve as a viable strategy to derive live attenuated strains with potential for development as effective vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease. C1 [Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San; Weiss, Marcelo; Perez-Martin, Eva; Dias, Camila C.; Grubman, Marvin J.; de los Santos, Teresa] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. [Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San; Weiss, Marcelo; Perez-Martin, Eva; Dias, Camila C.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP de los Santos, T (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. EM teresa.delossantos@ars.usda.gov RI Weiss, Marcelo/I-1274-2012 OI Weiss, Marcelo/0000-0001-7902-3210 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Agriculture; CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D]; ARS; USDA; National Pork Board [11-005] FX This research was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (appointment of Fayna Diaz-San Segundo, Marcelo Weiss, and Camila C. Dias), by CRIS project number 1940-32000-052-00D, ARS, USDA (Teresa de los Santos and Marvin J. Grubman), and by National Pork Board grant number 11-005 (Teresa de los Santos, Fayna Diaz-San Segundo, and Marvin J. Grubman). NR 75 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1316 EP 1327 DI 10.1128/JVI.05941-11 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 879CT UT WOS:000299308000004 PM 22114339 ER PT J AU Concha, M Wang, X Cao, SB Baddoo, M Fewell, C Lin, Z Hulme, W Hedges, D McBride, J Flemington, EK AF Concha, Monica Wang, Xia Cao, Subing Baddoo, Melody Fewell, Claire Lin, Zhen Hulme, William Hedges, Dale McBride, Jane Flemington, Erik K. TI Identification of New Viral Genes and Transcript Isoforms during Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation using RNA-Seq SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EBV; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; GENOME; CELLS; BINDS; BZLF1 AB Using an enhanced RNA-Seq pipeline to analyze Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transcriptomes, we investigated viral and cellular gene expression in the Akata cell line following B-cell-receptor-mediated reactivation. Robust induction of EBV gene expression was observed, with most viral genes induced > 200-fold and with EBV transcripts accounting for 7% of all mapped reads within the cell. After induction, hundreds of candidate splicing events were detected using the junction mapper TopHat, including a novel nonproductive splicing event at the gp350/gp220 locus and several alternative splicing events at the LMP2 locus. A more detailed analysis of lytic LMP2 transcripts showed an overall lack of the prototypical type III latency splicing events. Analysis of nuclear versus cytoplasmic RNA-Seq data showed that the lytic forms of LMP2, EBNA-2, EBNA-LP, and EBNA-3A, -3B, and -3C have higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic accumulation ratios than most lytic genes, including classic late genes. These data raise the possibility that at least some lytic transcripts derived from these latency gene loci may have unique, noncoding nuclear functions during reactivation. Our analysis also identified two previously unknown genes, BCLT1 and BCRT2, that map to the BamHI C-region of the EBV genome. Pathway analysis of cellular gene expression changes following B-cell receptor activation identified an inflammatory response as the top predicted function and ILK and TREM1 as the top predicted canonical pathways. C1 [Concha, Monica; Wang, Xia; Cao, Subing; Baddoo, Melody; Fewell, Claire; Lin, Zhen; Flemington, Erik K.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Concha, Monica; Wang, Xia; Cao, Subing; Baddoo, Melody; Fewell, Claire; Lin, Zhen; Flemington, Erik K.] Tulane Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Hulme, William; Hedges, Dale] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [McBride, Jane] ARS, USDA, SRRC, FPSQ, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Flemington, EK (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM eflemin@tulane.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01CA124311, R01CA130752, R01CA138268] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01CA124311, R01CA130752, and R01CA138268 to E.K.F. and by a grant from the Ladies Leukemia League (http://ladiesleukemialeague.org/) to E.K.F. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1458 EP 1467 DI 10.1128/JVI.06537-11 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 879CT UT WOS:000299308000017 PM 22090128 ER PT J AU Narciso, JA Ference, CM Ritenour, MA Widmer, WW AF Narciso, J. A. Ference, C. M. Ritenour, M. A. Widmer, W. W. TI Effect of copper hydroxide sprays for citrus canker control on wild-type Escherichia coli SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contaminated water; copper hydroxide; E; coli; field sprays; fresh citrus; GAPs ID SURVIVAL; SURFACES; BACTERIA AB Aims: To show that application of copper hydroxide citrus sprays mixed with field source water (possibly contaminated) will not support Escherichia coli on plant surfaces. Environmental stresses of transient phyllosphere bacteria and presence of copper will eradicate these bacteria before harvest. Methods and Results: Studies were performed in vitro with bacteria grown in broth and then subjected to field spray copper hydroxide concentrations in the broth and on citrus leaves. Escherichia coli exposed to copper hydroxide in vitro were eradicated from the broth within 6-8 h depending on the broth pH. Even with near neutral pH (7 2), cells began to die immediately after exposure to copper. No E. coli survived on leaf surfaces sprayed with copper. Conclusions: Copper field sprays mixed with water that may contain E. coli can help eliminate E. coli from plant surfaces. Significance and Impact of the Study: HACCP mandates are becoming more restrictive because of the increased illness resulting from food pathogens on fresh produce. Use of potable water in fields, a proposed mandate, is not feasible for large grove owners. These data show that copper sprays aimed at reducing citrus canker also affect E. coli and may help to ease water quality mandates. C1 [Narciso, J. A.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, CSPL,Citrus & Subtrop Lab Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Ritenour, M. A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Narciso, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USHRL, CSPL,Citrus & Subtrop Lab Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM jan.narciso@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03179.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 874WH UT WOS:000298988300005 PM 22098250 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Adkins, Y Woodhouse, LR Swislocki, A Mackey, BE Siegel, D AF Kelley, Darshan S. Adkins, Yuriko Woodhouse, Leslie R. Swislocki, Arthur Mackey, Bruce E. Siegel, David TI Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Improved Lipocentric but Not Glucocentric Markers of Insulin Sensitivity in Hypertriglyceridemic Men SO METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; SERUM-LIPIDS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PARTICLE-SIZE; RESISTANCE; N-3; GLUCOSE; INFLAMMATION AB Background: Increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with increases in insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results from animal intervention studies and human epidemiological studies suggest that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent and reverse IR, but results from human intervention studies have varied. Results from some human and animal studies suggest that docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3; DHA) may be more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5n-3; EPA) in the prevention of IR. Methods: By using a placebo-controlled, parallel study design, we examined the effects of DHA supplementation (3 grams/day, 90 days) in the absence of EPA on glucocentric and lipocentric markers of IR in hypertriglyceridemic men (n = 14-17/group). Results: DHA supplementation increased fasting plasma glucose concentration by 4.7% (P < 0.05), but did not alter other indices of IR based on fasting (insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) or postprandial insulin and glucose concentrations (areas under curves for insulin and glucose, Matsuda index). Glucose increased by 2.7% in the placebo group and was not significant; increases in glucose in the two groups did not differ from each other. DHA decreased circulating concentrations of several lipocentric markers of IR, including plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (13.0%), small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (21.7%), and ratio of tryglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) (34.0%) (P < 0.05). None of the variables changed in the placebo group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that lipocentric markers of IR are more responsive to DHA supplementation than the glucocentric markers. Future studies with DHA in prediabetic subjects and direct measures of insulin sensitivity are needed. C1 [Kelley, Darshan S.; Adkins, Yuriko; Woodhouse, Leslie R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, ARS, USDA,WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Swislocki, Arthur] Vet Affairs No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Martinez, CA USA. [Swislocki, Arthur; Siegel, David] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Siegel, David] Vet Affairs No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, ARS, USDA,WHNRC, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM darshan.kelley@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; DHA; Martek Biosciences Corporation, a division of DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia FX Funds for this study were provided by USDA and DHA was donated by Martek Biosciences Corporation, a division of DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045. No competing financial interests exist. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-4196 J9 METAB SYNDR RELAT D JI Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 10 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1089/met.2011.0081 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 879HO UT WOS:000299320500006 PM 21999398 ER PT J AU Norton, GJ Pinson, SRM Alexander, J Mckay, S Hansen, H Duan, GL Islam, MR Islam, S Stroud, JL Zhao, FJ McGrath, SP Zhu, YG Lahner, B Yakubova, E Guerinot, ML Tarpley, L Eizenga, GC Salt, DE Meharg, AA Price, AH AF Norton, Gareth J. Pinson, Shannon R. M. Alexander, Jill Mckay, Susan Hansen, Helle Duan, Gui-Lan Islam, M. Rafiqul Islam, Shofiqul Stroud, Jacqueline L. Zhao, Fang-Jie McGrath, Steve P. Zhu, Yong-Guan Lahner, Brett Yakubova, Elena Guerinot, Mary Lou Tarpley, Lee Eizenga, Georgia C. Salt, David E. Meharg, Andrew A. Price, Adam H. TI Variation in grain arsenic assessed in a diverse panel of rice (Oryza sativa) grown in multiple sites SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE arsenic; breeding; cultivar variation; inorganic arsenic; rice ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PADDY RICE; BANGLADESH; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; GROUNDWATER; CULTIVARS; PRODUCTS; GENOTYPE; TRANSLOCATION AB Inorganic arsenic (Asi) in rice (Oryza sativa) grains is a possible threat to human health, with risk being strongly linked to total dietary rice consumption and consumed rice Asi content. This study aimed to identify the range and stability of genetic variation in grain arsenic (As) in rice. Six field trials were conducted (one each in Bangladesh and China, two in Arkansas, USA over 2 yr, and two in Texas, USA comparing flooded and nonflood treatments) on a large number of common rice cultivars (c. 300) representing genetic diversity among international rice cultivars. Within each field there was a 334 fold range in grain As concentration which varied between rice subpopulations. Importantly, Asi correlated strongly with total As among a subset of 40 cultivars harvested in Bangladesh and China. Genetic variation at all field sites was a large determining factor for grain As concentration, indicating that cultivars low in grain As could be developed through breeding. The temperate japonicas exhibited lower grain As compared with other subpopulations. Effects for year, location and flooding management were also statistically significant, suggesting that breeding strategies must take into account environmental factors. C1 [Norton, Gareth J.; Alexander, Jill; Mckay, Susan; Hansen, Helle; Meharg, Andrew A.; Price, Adam H.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Pinson, Shannon R. M.] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Duan, Gui-Lan; Zhu, Yong-Guan] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Islam, M. Rafiqul; Islam, Shofiqul] Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh. [Stroud, Jacqueline L.; Zhao, Fang-Jie; McGrath, Steve P.] Rothamsted Res, Dept Soil Sci, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Lahner, Brett; Yakubova, Elena; Salt, David E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Guerinot, Mary Lou] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Tarpley, Lee] Texas A&M Syst AgriLife Res Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Eizenga, Georgia C.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Norton, GJ (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cruickshank Bldg,St Machar Dr, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. EM g.norton@abdn.ac.uk RI Zhao, Fang-Jie/A-8339-2008; Norton, Gareth/D-7512-2012; McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008; Zhu, Yong-Guan/A-1412-2009; Islam, Shofiqul/F-6539-2013; Meharg, Andrew/F-8182-2014 OI Zhao, Fang-Jie/0000-0002-0164-169X; Stroud, Jacqueline/0000-0003-1240-8065; Norton, Gareth/0000-0003-4560-170X; McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; Zhu, Yong-Guan/0000-0003-3861-8482; Meharg, Andrew/0000-0003-2019-0449 FU BBSRC-DFID [BBF0041841]; US National Science Foundation [IOS 0701119, PRGP 0606461] FX This work was funded by BBSRC-DFID grant BBF0041841 and the US National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program (grant #IOS 0701119). The authors would like to thank the Red Soil Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for conducting the field experiment at Qiyang. Research conducted in Arkansas was supported in part by US National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Research Program (grant #PRGP 0606461). The plant material was imported into the UK under import licence IMP/SOIL/18/2009 issued by Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture or Texas AgriLife Research and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 50 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 193 IS 3 BP 650 EP 664 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03983.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874UZ UT WOS:000298984900011 PM 22142234 ER PT J AU Atwood, TB Wiegner, TN MacKenzie, RA AF Atwood, Trisha B. Wiegner, Tracy N. MacKenzie, Richard A. TI Effects of hydrological forcing on the structure of a tropical estuarine food web SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID RIVER-DOMINATED ESTUARY; CHAETOGNATH SAGITTA-ELEGANS; HATCHED LARVAL CRABS; ORGANIC-MATTER; APALACHICOLA BAY; HERKLOTSICHTHYS-QUADRIMACULATUS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; CARBON-ISOTOPE; ZOOPLANKTON AB River flow can impact which sources of particulate organic matter (POM) fuel estuarine food webs. Here, we used stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope analyses to compare how contributions of different POM sources (terrestrial, estuarine, and marine) to the diets of zooplankton and juvenile fishes differed between low and high river flow conditions, as well as spatially across a tropical estuary, Hilo Bay, Hawaii, USA. Diets of zooplankton and juvenile fishes were affected by river flow conditions, but the magnitude and the change in the basal resources depended on the location of the station in the estuary relative to the ocean and the river mouths. Consumers from the station most isolated from the ocean and with groundwater and overland flow inputs, utilized a combination of estuarine and terrestrial POM during both low and high river flow conditions and exhibited less variability in their basal resources than stations with direct ocean exchange. Consumers from stations in the Bay most affected by ocean exchange and river inputs utilized a combination of estuarine, terrestrial, and marine POM during low flow conditions, but shifted to marine and terrestrial POM during high river flow conditions. This shift to using terrestrial POM during high river flow conditions was substantial and up to 40% higher than values measured in other estuaries. Factors suspected to be affecting which POM source(s) consumers use in Hilo Bay are gross primary production, biological availability of exported terrestrial OM, and estuarine bacteria biomass, all of which are affected by river flow. Overall, our results suggest that Hilo Bay's food web and possibly those from other tropical estuaries are vulnerable to changes in hydrology, which may be further enhanced by global climate change. C1 [Atwood, Trisha B.] Univ Hawaii, Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci Grad Program, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Wiegner, Tracy N.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [MacKenzie, Richard A.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Atwood, TB (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM trishaa@interchange.ubc.ca FU Hawaii County; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EPS0554657, DBI0453630, HRD02-23040, DEB0453630]; Univ. of Hawai from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office, Dept of Commerce [NA050AR4171048] FX We thank E. Hammil, C. Phillis, L. Shizuma, C. Kelley, K. Seiber, L. Mead, E. Hart, M. Netze, S. Molloy, R. Schneider, R. Tubal, C. Settlemier, T. Bambico, J. Coney, T. Soares, D. Roberts and A. Dunn. We would also like to thank J. Adolf, B. Nishimoto and J. Turner whom provided guidance in the final design of the project. J. Richardson and J. Moore provided comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This material is based upon work supported in part by Hawaii County and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants no. EPS0554657, DBI0453630, HRD02-23040 and DEB0453630. Additional support came from the Univ. of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program under grant no. NA050AR4171048 from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, Dept of Commerce. NR 75 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD FEB PY 2012 VL 121 IS 2 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19132.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875YK UT WOS:000299071700014 ER PT J AU Du, NX Liu, X Li, Y Chen, SY Zhang, JS Ha, D Deng, WG Sun, CK Zhang, YZ Pijut, PM AF Du, Ningxia Liu, Xin Li, Yun Chen, Shouyi Zhang, Jinsong Ha, Da Deng, Wenguang Sun, Chunkui Zhang, Yingzhi Pijut, Paula M. TI Genetic transformation of Populus tomentosa to improve salt tolerance SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE AhDREB1; Chinese white poplar; Genetic engineering; Transgenic ID STRESS; OVEREXPRESSION; ACCUMULATION; POPLAR; BARLEY; RICE; EMBRYOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; DYNAMICS AB Soil salinity can be a limiting factor for productivity in agriculture and forestry. In order to fully utilize saline lands productively in plantation forestry for pulp production, the genetic modification of tree species for salt-tolerance may be required. The AhDREB1 gene, a DREB-like transcription factor gene, was transferred into Populus tomentosa by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were regenerated and selected using a two-step process; first on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 4.44 mu M 6-benzyladenine (BA), 1.61 mu M alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 30 mg l(-1) kanamycin, and 250 mg l(-1) ceftomine, and then enhanced selection on medium with 50 mg l(-1) kanamycin. The putative transformants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization for the AhDREB1 gene. Transgenic plants were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 5.71 mu M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1.61 mu M NAA, 2 g l(-1) sucrose, and 5 g l(-1) agar. The salt tolerance of transgenic plants in pots in the greenhouse showed a survival rate of 100, 100, 84.4, and 44.4% after watering with a solution of 34.2, 68.4, 102.7, and 136.9 mM NaCl, respectively. C1 [Du, Ningxia; Liu, Xin; Li, Yun] Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Genet & Breeding Forest Trees & Ornamenta, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Chen, Shouyi; Zhang, Jinsong; Ha, Da] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Deng, Wenguang; Sun, Chunkui; Zhang, Yingzhi] Shandong Kai Yin Corp, Dongying 257335, Peoples R China. [Pijut, Paula M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Genet & Breeding Forest Trees & Ornamenta, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM Yunli63@163.com RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 108 IS 2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s11240-011-0026-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 879LA UT WOS:000299329500001 ER PT J AU Bell, RL Scorza, R Lomberk, D AF Bell, Richard L. Scorza, Ralph Lomberk, Delores TI Adventitious shoot regeneration of pear (Pyrus spp.) genotypes SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Biotechnology; Morphogenesis; Pyrus x bretschneideri; Pyrus pyrifolia var. sinensis; Pyrus communis; Pyrus elaeagrifolia ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; TOBACCO TISSUE CULTURES; IN-VITRO LEAVES; COMMUNIS L; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; INVITRO LEAVES; ORGANOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; L.; RESISTANCE AB Adventitious shoot regeneration of twenty-four pear genotypes was compared in a common in vitro shoot induction and development protocol. This study also compared cultures newly established from scionwood with cultures that been in long-term cold storage. In vitro cultures of 13 Pyrus genotypes and budwood from 23 Pyrus genotypes were obtained from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon. With the exception of one genotype of P. elaeagrifolia Pall., and 'Ya Li' (P. pyrifolia var. sinensis Teng & Tanabe), all were P. communis L. cultivars. The basal shoot induction media consisted of Chevreau and Leblay (CL) basal nutrients, vitamins, and organics (Chevreau and Leblay in Acta Hortic 336: 263-268, 1993). The analysis of variance indicated that differences among genotypes were highly significant and the main effect of culture origin was non-significant. However, there was a significant interaction between genotype and culture origin, with percentage regeneration of 'Abate Fetel' from new budwood significantly greater than that from long-term in vitro cultures, while 'Jesinji Vodenac' cultures derived from the old NCGR cultures regenerated significantly more adventitious shoots. The ranges of mean regeneration frequency were similar for both in vitro (0-87.7%) and scionwood-derived cultures (0-70.7%). Maximum regeneration was observed for 'Conference', followed by 'Magness', 'Dr. Jules Guyot', and Packham's Triumph'. The range of number of adventitious shoots was relatively narrow, with the minimum of 1.0 for seven genotypes to 2.2 for 'Conference'. C1 [Bell, Richard L.; Scorza, Ralph] ARS, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Lomberk, Delores] ARS, USDA, EPCOT Sci, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 USA. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM richard.bell@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 108 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s11240-011-0034-4 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 879LA UT WOS:000299329500006 ER PT J AU Dinkins, RD Tavva, VS Palli, SR Collins, GB AF Dinkins, Randy D. Tavva, Venkata S. Palli, S. Reddy Collins, Glenn B. TI Mutant and Overexpression Analysis of a C2H2 Single Zinc Finger Gene of Arabidopsis SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; C2H2 zinc finger protein; SUPERMAN-like; AtZFP11; Mutant analysis ID MADS-BOX GENES; INDUCED POINT MUTATIONS; DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; REPRESSION DOMAIN; SUPERMAN PROTEIN; FLORAL ORGAN; RABBIT-EARS AB The goal of this work was to characterize an Arabidopsis C2H2 single zinc finger gene, named AtZFP11, that is similar to SUPERMAN (SUP) and RABBIT EARS (RBE). No altered phenotype was observed in mutants analyzed that were derived through TILLING nor a T-DNA insertion into the exon of AtZFP11. Plants derived by intercrossing AtZFP11 to SUP and RBE alleles did not display any phenotype that could be attributed to AtZFP11. Transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing the AtZFP11 protein displayed severe abnormalities. Phenotypically normal transgenic plants that contained an ecdysone-inducible promoter system fused to the AtZFP11 gene were recovered. These transgenic plants displayed similar abnormalities once induced with methoxyfenozide. Microarray and RT-PCR analysis of gene expression in plants overexpressing AtZFP11 after induction revealed changes in gene expression of a number of genes involved in auxin, jasmonic acid, and stress responses. These results suggest that AtZFP11 plays a role in regulation of gene expression and may be functionally redundant or that conditions needed to observe phenotypic differences in the mutant plants were not provided in the course of these experiments. C1 [Dinkins, Randy D.; Tavva, Venkata S.; Collins, Glenn B.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dinkins, Randy D.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Tavva, Venkata S.; Palli, S. Reddy] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Dinkins, RD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 1405 Vet Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM randy.dinkins@ars.usda.gov OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s11105-011-0320-7 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 879BY UT WOS:000299305900011 ER PT J AU Rivera-Vega, L Mamidala, P Koch, JL Mason, ME Mittapalli, O AF Rivera-Vega, Loren Mamidala, Praveen Koch, Jennifer L. Mason, Mary E. Mittapalli, Omprakash TI Evaluation of Reference Genes for Expression Studies in Ash (Fraxinus spp.) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Fraxinus spp.; Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Reference genes; GeNorm; Normfinder ID TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; REAL-TIME; RT-PCR; VALIDATION; QUANTIFICATION; NORMALIZATION AB Ash (Fraxinus spp.) is a dominant tree species in North America, in both managed and natural landscapes. However, due to the rapid invasion by the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), an exotic invasive insect pest, millions of North American ash trees have been killed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTq-PCR) is widely used for validating transcript levels in gene expression studies for which a good reference gene is mandatory. In the current study, we evaluated the stability of ten reference genes in at least five different tissues (phloem, roots, shoots, immature leaves, and mature leaves), and two developmental stages (young and old) among three ash species including the resistant Asian Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) and two susceptible North American ash species (green-F. pennsylvanica and white-F. americana). Of the examined genes, the translation elongation factor alpha (eEF1 alpha) was observed to be most stable and thus is recommended for RTq-PCR based gene expression studies in Fraxinus species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the stability of reference genes across ash species (in different tissues and during development). C1 [Rivera-Vega, Loren; Mamidala, Praveen; Mason, Mary E.; Mittapalli, Omprakash] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Koch, Jennifer L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Mittapalli, O (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mittapalli.1@osu.edu FU USDA APHIS/USDA [GRT00011769/60016270]; State and federal funds FX We thank Drs. Daniel Herms and Pierluigi Bonello for access to the common garden experimental plots (Novi, MI, and Bowling Green, OH) to collect relevant ash samples. The research was supported by a grant from the USDA APHIS/USDA Forest Service Accelerated Emerald Ash Borer Research Program (GRT00011769/60016270) and by State and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 242 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s11105-011-0340-3 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 879BY UT WOS:000299305900026 ER PT J AU Kuhn, DN Livingstone, D Main, D Zheng, P Saski, C Feltus, FA Mockaitis, K Farmer, AD May, GD Schnell, RJ Motamayor, JC AF Kuhn, David N. Livingstone, Don, III Main, Dorrie Zheng, Ping Saski, Chris Feltus, F. Alex Mockaitis, Keithanne Farmer, Andrew D. May, Gregory D. Schnell, Raymond J. Motamayor, Juan C. TI Identification and mapping of conserved ortholog set (COS) II sequences of cacao and their conversion to SNP markers for marker-assisted selection in Theobroma cacao and comparative genomics studies SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Chocolate; Genetic mapping; Molecular markers; Quantitative trait loci (QTL) co-localization ID RESISTANCE GENE HOMOLOGS; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; CANDIDATE GENES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS; LINKAGE MAP; L.; PROGRAM; QTL; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Theobroma cacao (cacao) is a tree cultivated in the tropics around the world for its seeds that are the source of both chocolate and cocoa butter. Genetic marker development for marker-assisted selection (MAS) is critical for the success of cacao breeding for disease resistance and yield. To develop conserved ortholog set II (COSII) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for MAS in cacao, we have used three strategies and three types of cacao genetic and sequence data to identify and map 98 cacao COSII genes. The resources available at the time these studies were first undertaken dictated the strategy utilized. For the first strategy, SNPs were identified using cacao expressed sequence tags homologous to COSII sequences. Strategy II utilized a leaf transcriptome of cacao genotype "Matina 1-6" and Strategy III the genomic sequence of a 3-Mb region of "Matina 1-6" linkage group 5 associated with an important quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to black pod. We have identified SNP markers for 83 of the 98 mapped COSII genes, and 19 of these SNP markers co-locate with QTLs. These COSII SNP markers, the first identified for cacao, will be used for genotyping and off-typing in cacao breeding programs and employed for genetic mapping and syntenic studies to trace co-location of genes regulating traits of importance between cacao and other species. C1 [Kuhn, David N.; Livingstone, Don, III; Schnell, Raymond J.; Motamayor, Juan C.] USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Main, Dorrie; Zheng, Ping] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Saski, Chris] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Feltus, F. Alex] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mockaitis, Keithanne] Indiana Univ, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Farmer, Andrew D.; May, Gregory D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Motamayor, Juan C.] Mars Inc, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. RP Kuhn, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM David.Kuhn@ars.usda.gov FU Mars, Inc. FX We wish to acknowledge Mars, Inc. for partial funding of this project, Barbie Freeman for excellent technical support, Dr. Belinda Martineau for editing the manuscript, and Dr. J. Michael Moore for assistance with the statistical analysis of the synteny data. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s11295-011-0424-0 PG 15 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 881SH UT WOS:000299508000009 ER PT J AU Uchiki, T Weikel, KA Jiao, WW Shang, F Caceres, A Pawlak, D Handa, JT Brownlee, M Nagaraj, R Taylor, A AF Uchiki, Tomoaki Weikel, Karen A. Jiao, Wangwang Shang, Fu Caceres, Andrea Pawlak, Dorota Handa, James T. Brownlee, Michael Nagaraj, Ram Taylor, Allen TI Glycation-altered proteolysis as a pathobiologic mechanism that links dietary glycemic index, aging, and age-related disease (in nondiabetics) SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE age-related macular degeneration; aging; glycemic index; proteolysis; ubiquitin ID UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME PATHWAY; CHAPERONE-MEDIATED AUTOPHAGY; END-PRODUCTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; GLYOXALASE-I; HUMAN LENS; LIFE-SPAN; UBIQUITIN/PROTEASOME SYSTEM AB Epidemiologic studies indicate that the risks for major age-related debilities including coronary heart disease, diabetes, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are diminished in people who consume lower glycemic index (GI) diets, but lack of a unifying physiobiochemical mechanism that explains the salutary effect is a barrier to implementing dietary practices that capture the benefits of consuming lower GI diets. We established a simple murine model of age-related retinal lesions that precede AMD (hereafter called AMD-like lesions). We found that consuming a higher GI diet promotes these AMD-like lesions. However, mice that consumed the lower vs. higher GI diet had significantly reduced frequency (P < 0.02) and severity (P < 0.05) of hallmark age-related retinal lesions such as basal deposits. Consuming higher GI diets was associated with > 3 fold higher accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in retina, lens, liver, and brain in the age-matched mice, suggesting that higher GI diets induce systemic glycative stress that is etiologic for lesions. Data from live cell and cell-free systems show that the ubiquitinproteasome system (UPS) and lysosome/autophagy pathway [lysosomal proteolytic system (LPS)] are involved in the degradation of AGEs. Glycatively modified substrates were degraded significantly slower than unmodified substrates by the UPS. Compounding the detriments of glycative stress, AGE modification of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes impaired UPS activities. Furthermore, ubiquitin conjugates and AGEs accumulate and are found in lysosomes when cells are glycatively stressed or the UPS or LPS/autophagy are inhibited, indicating that the UPS and LPS interact with one another to degrade AGEs. Together, these data explain why AGEs accumulate as glycative stress increases. C1 [Uchiki, Tomoaki; Weikel, Karen A.; Jiao, Wangwang; Shang, Fu; Caceres, Andrea; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pawlak, Dorota] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Handa, James T.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Brownlee, Michael] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Nagaraj, Ram] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU USDA [1950-510000-060-01A]; Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving; NIH [RO1 EY 13250, RO1 EY 21212] FX The authors are indebted to Jacqueline Nguyen and Nori Nagai for initiating the histology, Dr Mary Rayborn for electron microscopy, Drs John Baynes and Susan Thorpe for gifts of the CML antibody, A-M Cuervo for help in isolation of lysosomes. Dr David Ludwig contributed tissues from 129SvPas mice. We appreciate contributions of carbohydrates from National Starch. We thank Dr Obin for critical review of this manuscript. NIH RO1 13250, RO1 21212, USDA 1950-510000-060-01A. Funding from USDA 1950-510000-060-01A, Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving, NIH RO1 EY 13250, RO1 EY 21212 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 110 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1474-9718 EI 1474-9726 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD FEB PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00752.x PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875LN UT WOS:000299031500001 PM 21967227 ER PT J AU Silva, MVB Sonstegard, TS Hanotte, O Mugambi, JM Garcia, JF Nagda, S Gibson, JP Iraqi, FA McClintock, AE Kemp, SJ Boettcher, PJ Malek, M Van Tassell, CP Baker, RL AF Silva, M. V. B. Sonstegard, T. S. Hanotte, O. Mugambi, J. M. Garcia, J. F. Nagda, S. Gibson, J. P. Iraqi, F. A. McClintock, A. E. Kemp, S. J. Boettcher, P. J. Malek, M. Van Tassell, C. P. Baker, R. L. TI Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in a double backcross population of Red Maasai and Dorper sheep SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE East Africa; gastrointestinal parasites; marker-assisted selection; quantitative trait loci; sheep ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS INFECTION; PHENOTYPIC PERFORMANCE; RESOURCE POPULATION; NEMATODE INFECTION; GENOME SCAN; SOAY SHEEP; QTL; LINKAGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; OSTEOPONTIN AB A genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting gastrointestinal nematode resistance in sheep was completed using a double backcross population derived from Red Maasai and Dorper ewes bred to F1 rams. This design provided an opportunity to map potentially unique genetic variation associated with a parasite-tolerant breed like Red Maasai, a breed developed to survive East African grazing conditions. Parasite indicator phenotypes (blood packed cell volume PCV and faecal egg count FEC) were collected on a weekly basis from 1064 lambs during a single 3-month post-weaning grazing challenge on infected pastures. The averages of last measurements for FEC (AVFEC) and PCV (AVPCV), along with decline in PCV from challenge start to end (PCVD), were used to select lambs (N = 371) for genotyping that represented the tails (10% threshold) of the phenotypic distributions. Marker genotypes for 172 microsatellite loci covering 25 of 26 autosomes (1560.7 cm) were scored and corrected by Genoprob prior to qxpak analysis that included BoxCox transformed AVFEC and arcsine transformed PCV statistics. Significant QTL for AVFEC and AVPCV were detected on four chromosomes, and this included a novel AVFEC QTL on chromosome 6 that would have remained undetected without BoxCox transformation methods. The most significant P-values for AVFEC, AVPCV and PCVD overlapped the same marker interval on chromosome 22, suggesting the potential for a single causative mutation, which remains unknown. In all cases, the favourable QTL allele was always contributed from Red Maasai, providing support for the idea that future marker-assisted selection for genetic improvement of production in East Africa will rely on markers in linkage disequilibrium with these QTL. C1 [Silva, M. V. B.; Sonstegard, T. S.; Van Tassell, C. P.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Silva, M. V. B.] Embrapa Dairy Cattle, BR-36038330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Hanotte, O.; Mugambi, J. M.; Nagda, S.; Gibson, J. P.; Iraqi, F. A.; McClintock, A. E.; Kemp, S. J.; Baker, R. L.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hanotte, O.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Mugambi, J. M.] Vet Res Ctr KARI, Kikuyu 0092, Kenya. [Garcia, J. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, BR-16050680 Aracatuba, SP, Brazil. [Garcia, J. F.; Boettcher, P. J.; Malek, M.] FAO IAEA Agr & Biotechnol Lab, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Gibson, J. P.] Hawkins Homestead Univ New England Armidale, Inst Genet & Bioinformat, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Iraqi, F. A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Human Microbiol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Rm 2A BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tad.sonstegard@ars.usda.gov RI Hanotte, Olivier/B-4669-2013; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Gibson, John/0000-0003-0371-2401 FU USAID; USDA Agricultural Research Service [1265-31000-084D (BFGL)] FX This project was supported by the 2004 USAID linkages program and by project 1265-31000-084D (BFGL) from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We thank Alicia Bertles (USDA, BFGL) for processing of genotyping reactions. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02202.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 873IG UT WOS:000298874000009 PM 22221026 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Kuehn, LA Snelling, WM Smith, TPL Ferrell, CL Jenkins, TG Freetly, HC AF Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Kuehn, L. A. Snelling, W. M. Smith, T. P. L. Ferrell, C. L. Jenkins, T. G. Freetly, H. C. TI Evaluation of polymorphisms within the genes GHSR and SLC2A2 that are within a region on bovine chromosome 1 (BTA1) previously associated with feed intake and weight gain SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEEF-CATTLE C1 [Lindholm-Perry, A. K.; Kuehn, L. A.; Snelling, W. M.; Smith, T. P. L.; Ferrell, C. L.; Jenkins, T. G.; Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lindholm-Perry, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Amanda.lindholm@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 BP 112 EP 112 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02220.x PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 873IG UT WOS:000298874000017 PM 22221035 ER PT J AU Akao, H Polisecki, E Kajinami, K Trompet, S Robertson, M Ford, I Jukema, JW de Craen, AJM Westendorp, RGJ Shepherd, J Packard, C Buckley, BM Schaefer, EJ AF Akao, Hironobu Polisecki, Eliana Kajinami, Kouji Trompet, Stella Robertson, Michele Ford, Ian Jukema, J. Wouter de Craen, Anton J. M. Westendorp, Rudi G. J. Shepherd, James Packard, Christopher Buckley, Brendan M. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Genetic variation at the SLCO1B1 gene locus and low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering response to pravastatin in the elderly SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE SLCO1B1 gene; Statin; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering response ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROSPER; ATORVASTATIN; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; FLUVASTATIN AB Our goal was to determine whether genetic variation at genes affecting statin metabolism or targets of statin therapy would influence low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering with pravastatin, baseline heart disease, or cardiac endpoints on trial. We examined associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the liver X receptor alpha (LXRA, rs12221497), and the solute carrier organic anion transporter (SLCO1B1, rs4149056 and rs2306283) gene loci with these variables. We studied 5411 participants in PROSPER (PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk) (mean age 75.3 years), who had been randomized to pravastatin 40 mg/day or placebo and were followed for a mean of 3.2 years. No relationships between genetic variation at the LXRA gene locus with statin induced LDL lowering response or other parameters were noted. Both the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 (valine for alanine at 174) and the rs2306283 (asparagine for aspartic acid at 130) SNPs affect the amino acid sequence of the SLCO1B1 gene product. No effect of the rs2306283 SNP on any of the variables was noted. However the presence of the rs4149056 SNP was associated with significantly less LDL cholesterol lowering response to pravastatin (wildtype, 71.5% of the population, -37.0%; heterozygotes, 25.8% of the population, -36.0%; and homozygotes, 2.7% of the population, -31.8%, p = 0.003 at 6 months, and p = 0.022 at 12 months). Our data indicate that the presence of the rs4149056 non-synonymous SNP at the SLCO1B1 gene locus can significantly decrease the pravastatin induced LDL cholesterol lowering response. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Akao, Hironobu; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Akao, Hironobu; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Akao, Hironobu; Kajinami, Kouji] Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 92002, Japan. [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Boston Heart Diagnost, Framingham, MA USA. [Trompet, Stella; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Craen, Anton J. M.; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol Gerontol & Geriatr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Robertson, Michele; Ford, Ian] Univ Glasgow, Robertson Ctr Biostat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Shepherd, James; Packard, Christopher] Univ Glasgow, Dept Vasc Biochem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Buckley, Brendan M.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Cork, Ireland. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HL74753]; Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture [53-1950-5-003]; Rotary International; European Community on the Pharmacogenetics of Statins FX This research was supported by grant R01 HL74753 from the National Institutes of Health, and contract 53-1950-5-003 from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture. Dr. Akao was supported by a Scholarship from the Rotary International. This research was also supported by a grant to Dr. J.W. Jukema from the European Community on the Pharmacogenetics of Statins. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 2012 VL 220 IS 2 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.028 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 879HA UT WOS:000299319100021 PM 22189199 ER PT J AU Akao, H Polisecki, E Kajinami, K Trompet, S Robertson, M Ford, I Jukema, JW de Craen, AJM Westendorp, RGJ Shepherd, J Packard, C Buckley, BM Schaefer, EJ AF Akao, Hironobu Polisecki, Eliana Kajinami, Kouji Trompet, Stella Robertson, Michele Ford, Ian Jukema, J. Wouter de Craen, Anton J. M. Westendorp, Rudi G. J. Shepherd, James Packard, Christopher Buckley, Brendan M. Schaefer, Ernst J. CA Prospective Study Pravastatin TI KIF6, LPA, TAS2R50, and VAMP8 genetic variation, low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering response to pravastatin, and heart disease risk reduction in the elderly SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE KIF6 Gene; Statins; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; lowering response; Heart disease risk reduction ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; KINESIN-LIKE PROTEIN-6; TRP719ARG POLYMORPHISM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; STATIN RESPONSE; PROSPER; ASSOCIATION; LOCUS; POPULATION AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the KIF6 (kinesin like protein 6, rs20455 or 719Arg), LPA (lipoprotein(a), rs3798220), TAS2R50 (taste receptor type 2, member 50, rs1376251) and VAMP8 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 8, rs1010) have previously been associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering response to statins, coronary heart disease (CHD) at baseline, or CHD events on trial. We examined SNPs at the KIF6 (rs20455 or 719Arg), LPA (rs3798220), TAS2R50 (rs1376251) and VAMP8 (rs1010) in 5,411 participants in PROSPER (PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk) (mean age 75.3 years), who had been randomized to pravastatin 40 mg/day or placebo and were followed for a mean of 3.2 years. No SNP was related to vascular disease at baseline. Only the KIF6 SNP was related to LDL-C lowering with homozygous Arg 719 subjects being significantly less responsive than other groups (p = 0.025, -34.2 vs. -36.1%). With regard to the primary CHD endpoint on trial (fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke), we observed a significant relationship for KIF6 719Arg homozygotes (p = 0.03, hazards ratio 0.47, 12.8% of the population) in women on pravastatin only, and for TAS2R50 for the AA genotype (p = 0.03, hazards ratio 1.76, 8.9% of the population), also only in women on pravastatin. Our data indicate that the assessment of KIF6 rs20455 and TAS2R50 rs1376251 genotypes are not useful for predicting statin induced cardiovascular risk reduction in men, but do predict CHD risk reduction in women in this elderly population. However, these differences are no longer significant after correction for multiple comparisons, and we do not recommend the assessment of any of these SNPs in clinical practice. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Akao, Hironobu; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Akao, Hironobu; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Akao, Hironobu; Kajinami, Kouji] Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 92002, Japan. [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Boston Heart Diagnost, Framingham, MA USA. [Trompet, Stella; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Craen, Anton J. M.; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.] Leiden Univ, Dept Cardiol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Trompet, Stella; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Craen, Anton J. M.; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.] Leiden Univ, Dept Gerontol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Trompet, Stella; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Craen, Anton J. M.; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.] Leiden Univ, Dept Geriatr, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Robertson, Michele; Ford, Ian] Univ Glasgow, Robertson Ctr Biostat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Shepherd, James; Packard, Christopher] Univ Glasgow, Dept Vasc Biochem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Buckley, Brendan M.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Cork, Ireland. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HL74753]; Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture [53-1950-5-003]; Rotary International; European Community on the Pharmacogenetics of Statins; Rotary Foundation, Evanston, Illinois FX This research was supported by grant R01 HL74753 from the National Institutes of Health, and contract 53-1950-5-003 from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture. Dr. Akao was supported by a scholarship from Rotary International. This research was also supported by a grant to Dr. J.W. Jukema from the European Community on the Pharmacogenetics of Statins.; This work was supported by grant R01 HL74753 from the National Institutes of Health (EJS), contract 53-1950-5-003 from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (EJS), and by the Rotary Foundation, Evanston, Illinois (HA). This research was also supported by a grant from the European Community on the Pharmacogenetics of Statins (JWJ). Two authors (HA and EP) contributed equally to this research. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 2012 VL 220 IS 2 BP 456 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.037 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 879HA UT WOS:000299319100028 PM 22192511 ER PT J AU Logarzo, GA Virla, EG Albarracin, EL Triapitsyn, SV Jones, WA de Leon, JH Briano, JA AF Logarzo, Guillermo A. Virla, Eduardo G. Luft Albarracin, Erica Triapitsyn, Serguei V. Jones, Walker A. de Leon, Jesse H. Briano, Juan A. TI Host range of Gonatocerus sp near tuberculifemur 'Clade 1' in Argentina, an egg parasitoid newly associated to the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and candidate for its biological control in California, USA SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Gonatocerus sp.; Homalodisca vitripennis; Pierce's disease; Egg parasitoid; Non-target effects; Risk assessment ID TAPAJOSA-RUBROMARGINATA HEMIPTERA; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; HYMENOPTERA; SPECIFICITY; MYMARIDAE; CLYPEORRHYNCHA; PLANTS; AGENT AB The South American egg parasitoid Gonatocerus sp. near tuberculifemur "Clade 1" (G. sp. "Clade 1") (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a new association of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Cicadellidae) and a candidate for its biological control in California, USA. In Argentina, G. sp. "Clade 1" was screened in the laboratory (no-choice tests) and in the field (multiple choice tests) against eggs of 32 Auchenorrhyncha host species and other four potential hosts unrelated to sharpshooters. In no-choice assays, it parasitized only eggs within the leafhopper tribe Proconiini. In contrast, in the long term field tests, it emerged not only from eggs of the Proconiini but also from two species of Cicadellini at low numbers (five wasps out of 698 exposed eggs). Two interpretations arise from the results: (1) Host associations of G. sp. "Clade 1" are restricted to the Proconiini whereas field parasitization of the Cicadellini species were false positive, or (2) G. sp. "Clade 1" parasitizes also some Cicadellini species and its rejection in the laboratory was a false negative. Both interpretations are discussed. Insect motivation could be the explanation for the negative results in the no-choice tests. On the other hand, in the more natural field situations, the host selection process and oviposition behavior should not have been affected and host range would be more realistic. The parasitism of the Cicadellini species would be indicative of a potential non-target effect on the sharpshooters in the USA. C1 [Logarzo, Guillermo A.; Briano, Juan A.] USDA ARS S Amer Biol Control Lab SABCL Agr Couns, ARS Lab, US Embassy, Buenos Aires Unit 4325, RA-34034000 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Virla, Eduardo G.; Luft Albarracin, Erica] CONICET PROIMI, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Triapitsyn, Serguei V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Jones, Walker A.] USDA ARS European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, St Gely du Fesc, France. [de Leon, Jesse H.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Logarzo, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS S Amer Biol Control Lab SABCL Agr Couns, ARS Lab, US Embassy, Buenos Aires Unit 4325, RA-34034000 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM glogarzo@speedy.com.ar NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10526-011-9368-4 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 879KF UT WOS:000299327400003 ER PT J AU Wiens, D Slaton, MR AF Wiens, Delbert Slaton, Michele R. TI The mechanism of background extinction SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE climatic shift; devolution; embryonic abortion; genetic variation; habitat attenuation; habitat dissolution; heterosis; negative selection; norm of reaction; reproductive fitness ID SHRUB DEDECKERA-EUREKENSIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION; PLANT; RARE; CONSERVATION; GENETICS AB Following publication of On the Origin of Species, biologists concentrated on and resolved the mechanisms of adaptation and speciation, but largely ignored extinction. Thus, extinction remained essentially a discipline of palaeontology. Adequate language is not available to describe extinction phenomena because they must be discussed in the passive voice, wherein populations simply go extinct without reference to process, specifics, effects, or causality. Extinction is also described typically in terms of its dynamics (including rate or risk), and although correlative variables enhance our ability to predict extinction, they do not necessarily enable an understanding of process. Yet background extinction, like evolution, is a process requiring a functional explanation, without which it is impossible to formulate mechanisms. We define the mechanism of background extinction as a typically long-term, multi-generational loss of reproductive fitness. This simple concept has received little credence because of a perception that excess generation of progeny ensures population sustainability, and perhaps the misconception that the loss of reproductive fitness somehow constitutes selection against reproduction itself. During environmental shifts, reproductive fitness is compromised when biotic or abiotic extremes consistently exceed existing norms of reaction. Subsequent selection will now favour individual survival over reproductive fitness, initiating long-term negative selection pressure and population decline. Background extinction consists typically of two intergrading phases: habitat attenuation and habitat dissolution. These processes generate the relict populations that characterize many species undergoing background extinction. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105, 255268. C1 [Wiens, Delbert] White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Slaton, Michele R.] US Forest Serv, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Wiens, D (reprint author), 1919 S Springbrook Ln, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM delwiens@gmail.com NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01819.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 874UN UT WOS:000298983700001 ER PT J AU Wiens, D Allphin, L Wall, M Slaton, MR Davis, SD AF Wiens, Delbert Allphin, Loreen Wall, Michael Slaton, Michele R. Davis, Stephen D. TI Population decline in Adenostoma sparsifolium (Rosaceae): an ecogenetic hypothesis for background extinction SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adult mortality; allozymes; chaparral; embryonic abortion; inbreeding depression; reproductive fitness; seedling survivorship; seed; ovule ratios ID SHRUB DEDECKERA-EUREKENSIS; RARE KACHINA DAISY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; GENETIC LOAD; CAVITATION RESISTANCE; ERIGERON-KACHINENSIS; HETEROZYGOTE-EXCESS; MASS EXTINCTIONS; CHAPARRAL SHRUBS AB We describe a 15-year study of the loss of reproductive fitness and population decline in Adenostoma sparsifolium, a rosaceous shrub endemic in the fire-prone chaparral vegetation of southern California (USA) and adjacent northern Baja California, Mexico. Our studies of background extinction concentrated on small relict populations occurring in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains where reproduction is genetically compromised by uniquely high rates of embryonic/endosperm abortion (9799%) resulting largely from self-pollination in highly heterozygous populations. Environmental factors further reduce reproductive fitness. The relatively few viable seeds produced are not well adapted to survive wildfires that are a regular (approximately 21 years) occurrence in chaparral. Seedling recruitment after burning is rare and any established seedlings ultimately die from the annual 49-month summer droughts typical of Mediterranean climates. Adult mortality is manifest from wildfire (approximately 6%) and occasional multiple-year droughts (approximately 15%). Given the virtual absence of new post-fire reproduction and a low but persistent rate of adult mortality, slow population demise resulting in background extinction is inevitable. We posit that A. sparsifolium is ecologically out of place in the present chaparral environment and appears best adapted to a moister climate with summer rains and few wildfires that prevailed before the increasing aridity and warming from mid-Holocene to the present. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105, 269292. C1 [Wiens, Delbert] White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Allphin, Loreen] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wall, Michael] Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Slaton, Michele R.] US Forest Serv, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Davis, Stephen D.] Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. RP Wiens, D (reprint author), 1919 S Springbrook Ln, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM delwiens@gmail.com NR 118 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 105 IS 2 BP 269 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01820.x PG 24 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 874UN UT WOS:000298983700002 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ He, Z Zhu, Z Zhang, YHP Ni, Y Luo, XL Zhu, JY AF Wang, Q. Q. He, Z. Zhu, Z. Zhang, Y. -H. P. Ni, Y. Luo, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. TI Evaluations of cellulose accessibilities of lignocelluloses by solute exclusion and protein adsorption techniques SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cellulose accessibility to cellulase; enzymatic hydrolysis; saccharification; protein; cellulose adsorption; fiber hornification; pretreatment ID INDUCED FIBER HORNIFICATION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; POROUS STRUCTURE; LIGNIN; SACCHARIFICATION; DIGESTIBILITY; FRACTIONATION; SUBSTRATE; ENZYMES AB Cellulose accessibilities of a set of hornified lignocellulosic substrates derived by drying the never dried pretreated sample and a set of differently pretreated lodgepople pine substrates, were evaluated using solute exclusion and protein adsorption methods. Direct measurements of cellulase adsorption onto cellulose surface of the set of pretreated substrates were also carried out using an in situ UVVis spectrophotometric technique. The cellulose accessibilities measured by the solute exclusion and a cellulose-binding module (CBM)-containing green fluorescent protein (TGC) adsorption methods correlate well for both sets of samples. The substrate enzymatic digestibilities (SEDs) of the hornified substrates are proportional to the measured cellulose accessibilities. Approximately over 90% of the SED was contributed by the accessible pore surfaces of the hornified substrates, suggesting that the substrate external surface plays a minor role contributing to cellulose accessibility and SED. The cellulose accessibilities of the pretreated substrates correlated well with the amounts of cellulase adsorbed. The SEDs of these substrates directly correlated with the amounts of adsorbed cellulase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:381389. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wang, Q. Q.; Zhu, J. Y.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Wang, Q. Q.; Luo, X. L.] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [He, Z.; Ni, Y.] Univ New Brunswick, Limerick Pulp & Paper Ctr, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Zhu, Z.; Zhang, Y. -H. P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Zhu, Z.; Zhang, Y. -H. P.] US DOE Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI Wang, Qianqian/G-1915-2012 OI Wang, Qianqian/0000-0003-3514-455X FU U.S. Forest Service [WBBB, 2009]; USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2011-67009-20056]; U.S. DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Government of Canada FX Contract grant sponsor: U.S. Forest Service through the Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts; Contract grant number: WBBB, 2009; Contract grant sponsor: USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI); Contract grant number: 2011-67009-20056; Contract grant sponsor: U.S. DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Contract grant sponsor: Canada Research Chair Program of the Government of Canada NR 38 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1002/bit.23330 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 861LP UT WOS:000298020700009 PM 21915856 ER PT J AU Beckman, J Hertel, T Taheripour, F Tyner, W AF Beckman, Jayson Hertel, Thomas Taheripour, Farzad Tyner, Wallace TI Structural change in the biofuels era SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 114th EAAE Seminar on Structural Change in Agriculture CY APR, 2010 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP DFG, EAAE DE CGE; biofuels; volatility; policy ID VOLATILITY; MARKETS; IMPACTS; YIELD; PRICE AB The onset of large-scale biofuel production has helped lead to a structural change in agricultural markets, tightening the linkages between agricultural and energy commodities. The USA and EU have aggressive mandates in place, which could further strengthen the linkages. The imposition of such mandates reduces the susceptibility of agricultural markets to energy volatility; but increases the supply-side impacts. Feedstock-specific mandates insulate the US biofuels from low oil prices; however, EU biofuel use remains linked with oil prices through aggregate fuel use. Overall, US markets are more vulnerable than the EU to supply-side shocks due to their product-specific mandates. C1 [Beckman, Jayson] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Hertel, Thomas; Taheripour, Farzad; Tyner, Wallace] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Beckman, J (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM jbeckman@ers.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1 SI SI BP 137 EP 156 DI 10.1093/erae/jbr041 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 870GS UT WOS:000298657900008 ER PT J AU Booth, W Brent, CS Calleri, DV Rosengaus, RB Traniello, JFA Vargo, EL AF Booth, W. Brent, C. S. Calleri, D. V. Rosengaus, R. B. Traniello, J. F. A. Vargo, E. L. TI Population genetic structure and colony breeding system in dampwood termites (Zootermopsis angusticollis and Z. nevadensis nuttingi) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Ancestral termites; Termopsidae; Isoptera; Gene flow; Breeding system; Microsatellites; COI ID FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; PRIMITIVE TERMITE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; ISOPTERA; TERMOPSIDAE; EUSOCIALITY AB Studies describing the population genetic structure and breeding system of basal lineages of termite species remain rare. Such species, however, may reveal ancestral life history attributes potentially influential in the evolution of social life within the Isoptera. Through the development and application of microsatellite DNA loci, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation within the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis collected from three geographically distinct locations in California, USA. Significant genetic differentiation was identified among all sites, which were located 40-150 km apart, and each site was found to represent unique populations with limited levels of gene flow. While Z. angusticollis alates have previously been described as being strong fliers, genetic evidence suggests limited dispersal, possibly due to habitat characteristics restricting long-range flights. Additionally, we characterize patterns of colony genetic structure and breeding system within both Z. angusticollis and its congener Z. nevadensis nuttingi. In Z. angusticollis, simple, extended, and mixed family colonies were observed. The frequency of simple families ranged from 16 to 64%, whereas mixed families were found in only two locations and at low frequencies. In contrast, Z. n. nuttingi, formed primarily extended family colonies. Estimates of relatedness suggest that monogamous pairs heading simple families consist of reproductives showing variable degrees of relatedness from unrelated to close relatives. Additionally, the effective number of neotenic reproductives appears to be low within extended families of both species. C1 [Booth, W.; Vargo, E. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Booth, W.; Vargo, E. L.] N Carolina State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brent, C. S.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Calleri, D. V.] Univ Chicago, Lab Sch, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosengaus, R. B.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Traniello, J. F. A.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Booth, W (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM warren_booth@ncsu.edu; Colin.Brent@ars.usda.gov; dcaller@ucls.uchicago.edu; r.rosengaus@neu.edu; jft@bu.edu; ed_vargo@ncsu.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2002-35302-12526]; National Science Foundation [IBN-0116857] FX We thank the administrators of the Huddart County Park, the Redwood East Bay Regional Park and the Pebble Beach Company for permission to collect termites. We also thank Tom Juba for valuable assistance in the laboratory. All experiments were conducted in accordance with American statutes governing research. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant 2002-35302-12526 to C. Brent. This research was also supported by National Science Foundation Grant IBN-0116857 to J. Traniello and R. Rosengaus. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00040-011-0198-2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 876PT UT WOS:000299120500018 ER PT J AU Chapman, KD Dyer, JM Mullen, RT AF Chapman, Kent D. Dyer, John M. Mullen, Robert T. TI Biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in plants SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE endoplasmic reticulum; lipids; membranes; phospholipids; lipid storage; plant ID CENTRAL HYDROPHOBIC DOMAIN; STORAGE OIL MOBILIZATION; PRE-RECEPTOR REGULATION; BRASSICA-NAPUS L; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FATTY-ACIDS; HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES; SUNFLOWER OLEOSIN AB The compartmentation of neutral lipids in plants is mostly associated with seed tissues, where triacylglycerols (TAGs) stored within lipid droplets (LDs) serve as an essential physiological energy and carbon reserve during postgerminative growth. However, some nonseed tissues, such as leaves, flowers and fruits, also synthesize and store TAGs, yet relatively little is known about the formation or function of LDs in these tissues. Characterization of LD-associated proteins, such as oleosins, caleosins, and sterol dehydrogenases (steroleosins), has revealed surprising features of LD function in plants, including stress responses, hormone signaling pathways, and various aspects of plant growth and development. Although oleosin and caleosin proteins are specific to plants, LD-associated sterol dehydrogenases also are present in mammals, and in both plants and mammals these enzymes have been shown to be important in (steroid) hormone metabolism and signaling. In addition, several other proteins known to be important in LD biogenesis in yeasts and mammals are conserved in plants, suggesting that at least some aspects of LD biogenesis and/or function are evolutionarily conserved.-Chapman, K.D., J.M. Dyer, and R. T. Mullen. Biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in plants. J. Lipid Res. 2012. 53: 215-226. C1 [Chapman, Kent D.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Dyer, John M.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Mullen, Robert T.] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Chapman, KD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM chapman@unt.edu FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science (BER) [DE-SC0000797] FX The authors' work on LD formation in plants is supported in part by a grant from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science (BER), DE-SC0000797. NR 124 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 9 U2 84 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1194/jlr.R021436 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 879CL UT WOS:000299307200001 PM 22045929 ER PT J AU Ray, JD Smith, JR Taliercio, E Fritschi, FB AF Ray, Jeffery D. Smith, James R. Taliercio, Earl Fritschi, Felix B. TI Genomic Location of a Gene Conditioning a Miniature Phenotype in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] SO JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Mapping; Miniature soybean; Genomic location; Temperature response ID BRACHYTIC STEM; HEAT TOLERANCE; INHERITANCE; COWPEA; RESISTANCE; CHARACTER; LINKAGE; INJURY; RUST AB The potential for global warming and climate change has increased the focus of research on plant genes that respond to high temperatures. Previous research identified a temperature-sensitive miniature soybean mutant that was controlled by a single gene. The objectives of our research were to confirm the single-gene control and to determine the genomic location of this gene. Segregation of the combined progeny of four BC6F5 plants heterozygous for the miniature trait in a Tracy-M background confirmed that the trait was conditioned by a single gene (1:2:1, chi (2) = 4.38, P = 0.1120). Molecular marker analysis identified three SSR markers and a SNP marker on molecular linkage group B2 (chromosome 14) associated with segregation for the miniature trait. One of these, marker Satt560, co-segregated perfectly with the miniature trait. The data from these four polymorphic markers indicated that the gene conditioning this miniature phenotype is at or near Satt560. Given this newly identified location of the gene and the recently published soybean genomic sequence, it may be feasible to isolate the gene and determine its mechanism of action in responding to temperature. Such knowledge may be of use in understanding how plants respond to increased temperature. C1 [Ray, Jeffery D.; Smith, James R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Taliercio, Earl] ARS, USDA, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Fritschi, Felix B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ray, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jeff.ray@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) [6402-21220-010-00D, 6645-21000-026-00D] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS) project nos. 6402-21220-010-00D and 6645-21000-026-00D. The authors wish to thank Dr. T. C. Kilen, USDA-ARS, retired, who provided the seed used in this study, technical knowledge for working with miniature plants, and information on population development. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1226-9239 J9 J PLANT BIOL JI J. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s12374-011-9186-3 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 875AT UT WOS:000299002400004 ER PT J AU Liu, JK Li, HJ Miao, M Tang, XF Giovannoni, J Xiao, FM Liu, YS AF Liu, Jikai Li, Hanjing Miao, Min Tang, Xiaofeng Giovannoni, Jim Xiao, Fangming Liu, Yongsheng TI The tomato UV-damaged DNA-binding protein-1 (DDB1) is implicated in pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression and resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; MEDIATED PLANT TRANSFORMATION; PAMP-TRIGGERED IMMUNITY; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; INNATE IMMUNITY; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DEFENSE RESPONSES; FLOWERING TIME; SALICYLIC-ACID AB Plants defend themselves against potential pathogens via the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) are largely unknown. In this study, we show that tomato HP1/DDB1, coding for a key component of the CUL4-based ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, is required for resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We found that the DDB1-deficient mutant (high pigment-1, hp1) is susceptible to nontumorigenic A. tumefaciens. The efficiency of callus generation from the hp1 cotyledons was extremely low as a result of the necrosis caused by Agrobacterium infection. On infiltration of nontumorigenic A. tumefaciens into leaves, the hp1 mutant moderately supported Agrobacterium growth and developed disease symptoms, but the expression of the pathogenesis-related gene SlPR1a1 and several PTI marker genes was compromised at different levels. Moreover, exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) triggered SlPR1a1 gene expression and enhanced resistance to A. tumefaciens in wild-type tomato plants, whereas these SA-regulated defence responses were abolished in hp1 mutant plants. Thus, HP1/DDB1 may function through interaction with the SA-regulated PTI pathway in resistance against Agrobacterium infection. C1 [Miao, Min; Xiao, Fangming] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Liu, Jikai; Li, Hanjing; Miao, Min; Tang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Yongsheng] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Key Lab Bioresource & Ecoenvironm, Minist Educ,Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Tang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Yongsheng] Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Biotechnol & Food Engn, Hefei 230009, Peoples R China. [Giovannoni, Jim] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert Holly Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, Jim] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Xiao, FM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM fxiao@uidaho.edu; liuyongsheng1122@yahoo.com.cn FU National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [30825030]; National Science and Technology Key Project of China [2009ZX08001-011B, 2009ZX08009-072B, 2011CB100401]; University of Idaho FX We thank Dr Kirankumar Mysore for kindly providing the GUS construct and A. tumefaciens A348 strain. This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 30825030), the National Science and Technology Key Project of China (Nos. 2009ZX08001-011B, 2009ZX08009-072B and 2011CB100401) and the University of Idaho Startup Funding for F. Xiao. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00735.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874KW UT WOS:000298957100003 PM 21726402 ER PT J AU Morrell, PL Buckler, ES Ross-Ibarra, J AF Morrell, Peter L. Buckler, Edward S. Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey TI Crop genomics: advances and applications SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID ASSOCIATION MAPPING POPULATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; SELF-FERTILIZATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HORDEUM-VULGARE AB The completion of reference genome sequences for many important crops and the ability to perform high-throughput resequencing are providing opportunities for improving our understanding of the history of plant domestication and to accelerate crop improvement. Crop plant comparative genomics is being transformed by these data and a new generation of experimental and computational approaches. The future of crop improvement will be centred on comparisons of individual plant genomes, and some of the best opportunities may lie in using combinations of new genetic mapping strategies and evolutionary analyses to direct and optimize the discovery and use of genetic variation. Here we review such strategies and insights that are emerging. C1 [Morrell, Peter L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Morrell, PL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pmorrell@umn.edu; rossibarra@ucdavis.edu RI Morrell, Peter/E-2059-2011; Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/D-7782-2011; OI Morrell, Peter/0000-0001-6282-1582; Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1656-4954; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-US National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2011-68002-30029]; USDA-NIFA [2009-01864]; USDA Agriculture Research Service; National Science Foundation (NSF)-Plant Genome Research [0820691]; NSF-Division of Biological Infrastructure [0965342] FX We thank the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-US National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) (2011-68002-30029) for partial support for P.L.M., USDA-NIFA (2009-01864) for J.R.-I. and the USDA Agriculture Research Service and the National Science Foundation (NSF)-Plant Genome Research (0820691) and NSF-Division of Biological Infrastructure (0965342) for support to E. S. B. The authors are grateful to J. Gerke, A. Gonzales, M. Hufford, D. Segal, R. Stupar and three anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. NR 155 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 9 U2 178 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 EI 1471-0064 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1038/nrg3097 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 879FI UT WOS:000299314700009 ER PT J AU Rathore, KS Sundaram, S Sunilkumar, G Campbell, LM Puckhaber, L Marcel, S Palle, SR Stipanovic, RD Wedegaertner, TC AF Rathore, Keerti S. Sundaram, Sabarinath Sunilkumar, Ganesan Campbell, LeAnne M. Puckhaber, Lorraine Marcel, Sylvain Palle, Sreenath R. Stipanovic, Robert D. Wedegaertner, Thomas C. TI Ultra-low gossypol cottonseed: generational stability of the seed-specific, RNAi-mediated phenotype and resumption of terpenoid profile following seed germination SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cottonseed; gene silencing; gossypol; RNAi; seed-specific promoter; terpenoids ID DELTA-CADINENE; SUPPRESSION; INDUCTION; ALDEHYDES; GENE; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE; EXPRESSION; EFFICIENT; ANTISENSE; SYNTHASE AB Cottonseed, containing 22.5% protein, remains an under-utilized and under-valued resource because of the presence of toxic gossypol. RNAi-knockdown of d-cadinene synthase gene(s) was used to engineer plants that produced ultra-low gossypol cottonseed (ULGCS). In the original study, we observed that RNAi plants, a month or older, maintain normal complement of gossypol and related terpenoids in the roots, foliage, floral organs, and young bolls. However, the terpenoid levels and profile of the RNAi lines during the early stages of germination, under normal conditions and in response to pathogen exposure, had not been examined. Results obtained in this study show that during the early stages of seed germination/seedling growth, in both non-transgenic and RNAi lines, the tissues derived directly from bulk of the seed kernel (cotyledon and hypocotyl) synthesize little, if any new terpenoids. However, the growing root tissue and the emerging true leaves of RNAi seedlings showed normal, wild-type terpenoid levels. Biochemical and molecular analyses showed that pathogen-challenged parts of RNAi seedlings are capable of launching a terpenoid-based defence response. Nine different RNAi lines were monitored for five generations. The results show that, unlike the unstable nature of antisense-mediated low seed-gossypol phenotype, the RNAi-mediated ULGCS trait exhibited multi-generational stability. C1 [Rathore, Keerti S.; Sundaram, Sabarinath; Sunilkumar, Ganesan; Campbell, LeAnne M.; Marcel, Sylvain; Palle, Sreenath R.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rathore, Keerti S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Puckhaber, Lorraine; Stipanovic, Robert D.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. [Wedegaertner, Thomas C.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC USA. RP Rathore, KS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rathore@tamu.edu FU Cotton Incorporated; Texas Cotton Biotechnology Initiative (TxCOT); Texas AgriLife Research FX We thank Emily Lopata-Finch for her excellent technical assistance in generating some of the antisense lines. This research was supported by funds from Cotton Incorporated, Texas Cotton Biotechnology Initiative (TxCOT), and Texas AgriLife Research. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00652.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 872BM UT WOS:000298781400005 PM 21902797 ER PT J AU Adams, JP Adeli, A Hsu, CY Harkess, RL Page, GP dePamphilis, CW Schultz, EB Yuceer, C AF Adams, Joshua P. Adeli, Ardeshir Hsu, Chuan-Yu Harkess, Richard L. Page, Grier P. dePamphilis, Claude W. Schultz, Emily B. Yuceer, Cetin TI Plant-based FRET biosensor discriminates environmental zinc levels SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE zinc interaction; environmental monitoring; ZIP transporter; ECFP; DsRED ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; RED FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; REAL-TIME DETECTION; TRANSFER BRET; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ZIP FAMILY; ROOT-TIPS; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION AB Heavy metal accumulation in the environment poses great risks to flora and fauna. However, monitoring sites prone to accumulation poses scale and economic challenges. In this study, we present and test a method for monitoring these sites using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) change in response to zinc (Zn) accumulation in plants as a proxy for environmental health. We modified a plant Zn transport protein by adding flanking fluorescent proteins (FPs) and deploying the construct into two different species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, FRET was monitored by a confocal microscope and had a 1.4-fold increase in intensity as the metal concentration increased. This led to a 16.7% overall error-rate when discriminating between a control (1 mu m Zn) and high (10 mm Zn) treatment after 96 h. The second host plant (Populus tremula x Populu salba) also had greater FRET values (1.3-fold increase) when exposed to the higher concentration of Zn, while overall error-rates were greater at 22.4%. These results indicate that as plants accumulate Zn, protein conformational changes occur in response to Zn causing differing interaction between FPs. This results in greater FRET values when exposed to greater amounts of Zn and monitored with appropriate light sources and filters. We also demonstrate how this construct can be moved into different host plants effectively including one tree species. This chimeric protein potentially offers a method for monitoring large areas of land for Zn accumulation, is transferable among species, and could be modified to monitor other specific heavy metals that pose environmental risks. C1 [Adams, Joshua P.] Univ Arkansas Monticello, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR USA. [Adeli, Ardeshir] ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Hsu, Chuan-Yu; Schultz, Emily B.; Yuceer, Cetin] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Harkess, Richard L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Page, Grier P.] RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [dePamphilis, Claude W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Adams, JP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Monticello, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR USA. EM adamsj@uamont.edu RI dePamphilis, Claude/P-6652-2016 FU Environmental Protection Agency [FP916894] FX We thank all of our student workers who have assisted at various times through the course of this project, most notably L. Vandervelde, M. Monroe and J. Ellis. We also would like to thank Dr. Thorsten Seidel (Bielefeld University) for his review of this manuscript during its preparation. This study was developed under a STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. FP916894 awarded by the Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this study are solely the view of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this study. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-7644 EI 1467-7652 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 10 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00656.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 872BM UT WOS:000298781400008 PM 21910820 ER PT J AU Pernek, M Wirth, S Blomquist, SR Avtzis, DN Moser, JC AF Pernek, Milan Wirth, Stefan Blomquist, Stacy R. Avtzis, Dimitrios N. Moser, John C. TI New associations of phoretic mites on Pityokteines curvidens (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) SO CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acarina; Scolytinae; Phoresy; Pheromone trap; Silver fir; Croatia ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; TARSONEMUS-MITES; SILVER FIR; FUNGUS; ACARI AB The species composition and abundance of phoretic mites of the bark beetle Pityokteines curvidens caught in pheromone traps were investigated in Croatia. The P. curvidens trapping programs have been in an experimental phase in Croatia since 2004 as a possible monitoring and control system. The trapping program also permits the opportunity to sample phoretic mites found associated with the beetles. Beetles were caught using Curviwit pheromones in Theysohn traps placed in the LitoriA double dagger region of Croatia. A total of 12 mite species were recovered, including Schizostethus simulatrix, Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Histiostoma piceae, H. cf. varia, Paraleius leontonychus, Pleuronectocelaeno barbara, Tarsonemus minimax, Trichouropoda lamellosa, Uroobovella ipidis, Schwiebea sp., Phauloppia lucorum and Dolicheremaeus dorni. Five species, Pl. barbara, Schwiebea sp., H. cf. varia, Ph. lucorum and Do. dorni, are identified for the first time in association with P. curvidens. These findings increase the number of mite species known to be phoretic on P. curvidens from 11 to 16. The present study also increases the number of known mite associates of Pityokteines spp. from 14 to 18. C1 [Pernek, Milan] Croatian Forest Res Inst, Jastrebarsko 10450, Croatia. [Wirth, Stefan] Humboldt Univ, Leibniz Inst Res Evolut & Biodivers, Museum Nat Kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Blomquist, Stacy R.; Moser, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Avtzis, Dimitrios N.] NAGREF Forest Res Inst, Vassilika 57006, Greece. RP Pernek, M (reprint author), Croatian Forest Res Inst, Jastrebarsko 10450, Croatia. EM milanp@sumins.hr FU USDA Forest Service [SRC 06-IC-11330129-038]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia FX This research was supported by an USDA Forest Service Federal Financial Assistance Award (SRC 06-IC-11330129-038) and the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia. We thank Zeljko Kauzlaric, Matija Plese and Mandica Dasovic (Croatian Forests Ltd., Croatia) for their assistance in beetle sampling, Blazenka Ercegovac and Zoran Biljan (Croatian Forest Research Institute) for technical support and to Roy A. Norton for the identification of oribatid mites. Many thanks also to Walter Sudhaus for general biological discussions. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1895-104X J9 CENT EUR J BIOL JI Cent. Eur. J. Biol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.2478/s11535-011-0096-7 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 866PE UT WOS:000298392500007 ER PT J AU Elmendorf, SC Henry, GHR Hollister, RD Bjork, RG Bjorkman, AD Callaghan, TV Collier, LS Cooper, EJ Cornelissen, JHC Day, TA Fosaa, AM Gould, WA Gretarsdottir, J Harte, J Hermanutz, L Hik, DS Hofgaard, A Jarrad, F Jonsdottir, IS Keuper, F Klanderud, K Klein, JA Koh, S Kudo, G Lang, SI Loewen, V May, JL Mercado, J Michelsen, A Molau, U Myers-Smith, IH Oberbauer, SF Pieper, S Post, E Rixen, C Robinson, CH Schmidt, NM Shaver, GR Stenstrom, A Tolvanen, A Totland, O Troxler, T Wahren, CH Webber, PJ Welker, JM Wookey, PA AF Elmendorf, Sarah C. Henry, Gregory H. R. Hollister, Robert D. Bjork, Robert G. Bjorkman, Anne D. Callaghan, Terry V. Collier, Laura Siegwart Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, Johannes H. C. Day, Thomas A. Fosaa, Anna Maria Gould, William A. Gretarsdottir, Jarngerdur Harte, John Hermanutz, Luise Hik, David S. Hofgaard, Annika Jarrad, Frith Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala Keuper, Frida Klanderud, Kari Klein, Julia A. Koh, Saewan Kudo, Gaku Lang, Simone I. Loewen, Val May, Jeremy L. Mercado, Joel Michelsen, Anders Molau, Ulf Myers-Smith, Isla H. Oberbauer, Steven F. Pieper, Sara Post, Eric Rixen, Christian Robinson, Clare H. Schmidt, Niels Martin Shaver, Gaius R. Stenstrom, Anna Tolvanen, Anne Totland, Orjan Troxler, Tiffany Wahren, Carl-Henrik Webber, Patrick J. Welker, Jeffery M. Wookey, Philip A. TI Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Alpine; Arctic; climate warming; long-term experiment; meta-analysis; plants ID SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SHRUB EXPANSION; NORTHERN SWEDEN; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; ECOSYSTEMS; METAANALYSIS; GROWTH AB Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In situ warming experiments accelerate climate change on a small scale to forecast responses of local plant communities. Limitations of this approach include the apparent site-specificity of results and uncertainty about the power of short-term studies to anticipate longer term change. We address these issues with a synthesis of 61 experimental warming studies, of up to 20 years duration, in tundra sites worldwide. The response of plant groups to warming often differed with ambient summer temperature, soil moisture and experimental duration. Shrubs increased with warming only where ambient temperature was high, whereas graminoids increased primarily in the coldest study sites. Linear increases in effect size over time were frequently observed. There was little indication of saturating or accelerating effects, as would be predicted if negative or positive vegetation feedbacks were common. These results indicate that tundra vegetation exhibits strong regional variation in response to warming, and that in vulnerable regions, cumulative effects of long-term warming on tundra vegetation and associated ecosystem consequences have the potential to be much greater than we have observed to date. C1 [Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Bjorkman, Anne D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Bjork, Robert G.; Molau, Ulf] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Callaghan, Terry V.] Royal Acad Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Callaghan, Terry V.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Collier, Laura Siegwart; Hermanutz, Luise] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF, Canada. [Cooper, Elisabeth J.] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Inst Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Tromso, Norway. [Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Keuper, Frida; Lang, Simone I.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Syst Ecol, Inst Ecol Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Day, Thomas A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Gould, William A.; Mercado, Joel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Jardin Botanico Sur, PR USA. [Gretarsdottir, Jarngerdur] Agr Univ Iceland, Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, Iceland. [Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hik, David S.; Koh, Saewan; Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Hofgaard, Annika] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7004 Trondheim, Norway. [Jarrad, Frith] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Klanderud, Kari; Totland, Orjan] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, As, Norway. [Kudo, Gaku] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Loewen, Val] Environm Yukon, Whitehorse, YT, Canada. [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Terr Ecol Sect, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Oberbauer, Steven F.; Troxler, Tiffany] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Pieper, Sara] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Post, Eric] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rixen, Christian] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland. [Schmidt, Niels Martin] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark. [Shaver, Gaius R.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stenstrom, Anna] Cty Adm Board Vastra Gotaland, Nat Conservat Dept, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Tolvanen, Anne] Univ Oulu, Finnish Forest Res Inst, Thule Inst, Muhos, Finland. [Wahren, Carl-Henrik] La Trobe Univ, Res Ctr Appl Alpine Ecol, Dept Agr Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Webber, Patrick J.] Michigan State Univ, Ranchos De Taos, NM USA. [Welker, Jeffery M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK USA. [Wookey, Philip A.] Univ Stirling, Sch Nat Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Welker, Jeffery M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hollister, Robert D.; May, Jeremy L.] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Fosaa, Anna Maria] Faroese Museum Nat Hist, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Klein, Julia A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Robinson, Clare H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Elmendorf, SC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM sarah.elmendorf@geog.ubc.ca RI Hik, David/B-3462-2009; Wookey, Philip/J-4786-2012; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014; Kudo, Gaku/A-2733-2015; Tolvanen, Anne/I-5873-2015; Bjorkman, Anne/H-2211-2016; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014 OI JARRAD, FRITH/0000-0003-4081-1310; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Bjork, Robert/0000-0001-7346-666X; Rixen, Christian/0000-0002-2486-9988; Alatalo, Juha/0000-0001-5084-850X; Hik, David/0000-0002-8994-9305; Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658; Kudo, Gaku/0000-0002-6488-818X; Tolvanen, Anne/0000-0002-5304-7510; FU U.S. National Science foundation; Australian Research Council; Department of Sustainability and Environment; Parks Victoria; ArcticNet; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Program of Natural Resources Canada; Yukon Territorial Government; Natural Sciences Division of the Danish Council for Independent Research; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; Academy of Finland; Icelandic Research Fund; Ministry of Environment of Japan' s; Darwin Centre for Biogeosciences; EU; Norwegian Research Council; Norwegian Svalbard Society; Norwegian Polar Institute; European Commission; Swedish Research Council for Environment; Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning; UK Natural Environment Research Council; National Geographic Society; U.S. Forest Service FX We thank the Canadian IPY programme and the U.S. National Science foundation for funding this synthesis effort. Additional financial support for individual experiments was also provided by the Australian Research Council, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Parks Victoria, ArcticNet, Environment Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, Polar Continental Shelf Program of Natural Resources Canada, Yukon Territorial Government, Natural Sciences Division of the Danish Council for Independent Research, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Academy of Finland, Icelandic Research Fund, Ministry of Environment of Japan' s Global Environmental Research Fund, Darwin Centre for Biogeosciences, Dutch Polar Program, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, EU-ATANS, Norwegian Research Council, Norwegian Svalbard Society; Norwegian Polar Institute, European Commission (Framework 5), Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, UK Natural Environment Research Council, National Geographic Society, and the U.S. Forest Service. We gratefully acknowledge the data-collection efforts of hundreds of field assistants and graduate students, as well as many others for helpful conversations about analysis and interpretation. NR 90 TC 249 Z9 257 U1 51 U2 484 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872YU UT WOS:000298848200011 PM 22136670 ER PT J AU Seipel, T Kueffer, C Rew, LJ Daehler, CC Pauchard, A Naylor, BJ Alexander, JM Edwards, PJ Parks, CG Arevalo, JR Cavieres, LA Dietz, H Jakobs, G McDougall, K Otto, R Walsh, N AF Seipel, Tim Kueffer, Christoph Rew, Lisa J. Daehler, Curtis C. Pauchard, Anibal Naylor, Bridgett J. Alexander, Jake M. Edwards, Peter J. Parks, Catherine G. Ramon Arevalo, Jose Cavieres, Lohengrin A. Dietz, Hansjoerg Jakobs, Gabi McDougall, Keith Otto, Ruediger Walsh, Neville TI Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non-native plant species in mountains around the world SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alien; altitude; beta-diversity; elevational gradients; plant invasions ID ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; INVASION SUCCESS; CANARY-ISLANDS; SPATIAL SCALES; BETA-DIVERSITY; CENTRAL CHILE; HUMAN IMPACT; LAND-USE; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Aim To investigate how species richness and similarity of non-native plants varies along gradients of elevation and human disturbance. Location Eight mountain regions on four continents and two oceanic islands. Methods We compared the distribution of non-native plant species along roads in eight mountainous regions. Within each region, abundance of plant species was recorded at 41-84 sites along elevational gradients using 100-m(2) plots located 0, 25 and 75 m from roadsides. We used mixed-effects models to examine how local variation in species richness and similarity were affected by processes at three scales: among regions (global), along elevational gradients (regional) and with distance from the road (local). We used model selection and information criteria to choose best-fit models of species richness along elevational gradients. We performed a hierarchical clustering of similarity to investigate human-related factors and environmental filtering as potential drivers at the global scale. Results Species richness and similarity of non-native plant species along elevational gradients were strongly influenced by factors operating at scales ranging from 100 m to 1000s of km. Non-native species richness was highest in the New World regions, reflecting the effects of colonization from Europe. Similarity among regions was low and due mainly to certain Eurasian species, mostly native to temperate Europe, occurring in all New World regions. Elevation and distance from the road explained little of the variation in similarity. The elevational distribution of non-native species richness varied, but was always greatest in the lower third of the range. In all regions, non-native species richness declined away from roadsides. In three regions, this decline was steeper at higher elevations, and there was an interaction between distance and elevation. Main conclusions Because non-native plant species are affected by processes operating at global, regional and local scales, a multi-scale perspective is needed to understand their patterns of distribution. The processes involved include global dispersal, filtering along elevational gradients and differential establishment with distance from roadsides. C1 [Seipel, Tim; Kueffer, Christoph; Alexander, Jake M.; Edwards, Peter J.; Dietz, Hansjoerg] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kueffer, Christoph; Daehler, Curtis C.; Jakobs, Gabi] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Seipel, Tim; Rew, Lisa J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pauchard, Anibal; Cavieres, Lohengrin A.] Univ Concepcion, Lab Invasiones Biol, Concepcion, Chile. [Pauchard, Anibal; Cavieres, Lohengrin A.] Univ Concepcion, Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Concepcion, Chile. [Naylor, Bridgett J.; Parks, Catherine G.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Ramon Arevalo, Jose; Otto, Ruediger] Univ La Laguna, Dept Ecol, Fac Biol, Tenerife, Spain. [McDougall, Keith] Dept Environm Climate Change & Water, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia. [Walsh, Neville] Natl Herbarium Victoria, S Yarra, Vic 3141, Australia. RP Seipel, T (reprint author), ETH Zentrum, Inst Integrat Biol Plant Ecol, CHN F37-2,Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM tim.seipel@env.ethz.ch RI Cavieres, Lohengrin/A-9542-2010; Kueffer, Christoph/H-6091-2013; arevalo, Jose Ramon/C-6611-2014; Pauchard, Anibal/B-5034-2008; Alexander, Jake/P-2580-2014 OI Cavieres, Lohengrin/0000-0001-9122-3020; Kueffer, Christoph/0000-0001-6701-0703; arevalo, Jose Ramon/0000-0003-2152-5212; Pauchard, Anibal/0000-0003-1284-3163; Alexander, Jake/0000-0003-2226-7913 FU Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich); NRI from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Biology [2006-35320-17360]; CCES [0-21214-07]; ICM [P05-002, PFB-23]; USDA FS Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank two anonymous referees and the editor for improving the manuscript. T. S. was funded by a research grant from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich). C. K. was partly supported by NRI grant no. 2006-35320-17360 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program. J.A. was funded by CCES through the BioChange project (0-21214-07). A. P. and L. A. C. were funded by ICM P05-002 and PFB-23. This work was partly supported by the USDA FS Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 236 EP 246 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00664.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 873WB UT WOS:000298912900013 ER PT J AU Svoboda, M Janda, P Nagel, TA Fraver, S Rejzek, J Bace, R AF Svoboda, Miroslav Janda, Pavel Nagel, Thomas A. Fraver, Shawn Rejzek, Jan Bace, Radek TI Disturbance history of an old-growth sub-alpine Picea abies stand in the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendroecology; Dendrochronology; Disturbance interactions; Forest dynamics; Norway spruce; Spruce bark beetle; Sumava National Park; Wind disturbance ID BEETLE IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; NORWAY SPRUCE; WESTERN CARPATHIANS; BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA; WIND DISTURBANCES; MOUNTAIN FOREST; NORTHERN MAINE; FUTURE CLIMATE; CENTRAL-EUROPE; NATIONAL-PARK AB Questions: What historical natural disturbances have shaped the structure and development of an old-growth, sub-alpine Picea abies forest? Are large-scale, high-severity disturbances (similar to the recent windthrow and bark beetle outbreaks in the region) within the historical range of variability for this forest ecosystem? Can past disturbances explain the previously described gradient in stand structure that had been attributed to an elevation gradient? Location: S. umava National Park (the Bohemian Forest) of the southwest Czech Republic. Methods: We reconstructed the site's disturbance history using dendroecological methods in a 20-ha study plot, established to span an elevation gradient. Growth patterns of 400 increment cores were screened for: (1) abrupt increases in radial growth indicating mortality of a former canopy tree and (2) rapid early growth rates indicating establishment in a former canopy gap. Results: Spatial and temporal patterns of canopy accession varied markedly over the 20-ha study area, resulting in disturbance pulses that corresponded to an elevation gradient. On the lower slope of the plot, the majority of the trees reached the canopy during two pulses (1770-1800 and 1820-1840), while most trees on the upper slope accessed the canopy in one pulse (1840-1860). Historically documented windstorms roughly coincide with peaks in our disturbance reconstruction. Conclusions: Our study provides strong evidence that these forests were historically shaped by infrequent, moderate-to high-severity natural disturbances. Our methods, however, could not definitively identify the agent(s) of these disturbances. Nevertheless, the recent mid-1990s windstorm and the ensuing spruce bark beetle outbreak may provide an analogue for past disturbance, as the duration and severity of these events could easily explain past patterns of growth response and recruitment in our results. Thus, it seems reasonable to assume the interaction of windstorms and bark beetles seen in the contemporary landscape has occurred historically. Finally, our results suggest that the previously documented elevation gradient in forest structure may not be related to elevation per se (lower temperatures and shorter growing season) but rather to changes in disturbance severity mediated by elevation. C1 [Svoboda, Miroslav; Janda, Pavel; Rejzek, Jan; Bace, Radek] Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Prague 16521, Czech Republic. [Nagel, Thomas A.] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Forestry & Renewable Forest Resources, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Fraver, Shawn] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Svoboda, M (reprint author), Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Prague 16521, Czech Republic. EM svobodam@fld.czu.cz; jandap@fld.czu.cz; tom.nagel@bf.uni-lj.si; fraver@fs.fed.us; rejzek@fld.czu.cz; bace@fld.czu.cz RI Svoboda, Miroslav/E-6860-2010; Bace, Radek/N-2228-2014; OI Svoboda, Miroslav/0000-0003-4050-3422; Janda, Pavel/0000-0003-4732-6908 FU Czech University of Life Sciences [CIGA20104302, CIGA20114310]; [GACR P504/10/1644]; [GACR P504/10/0843]; [MSMT LH11043] FX This study was supported by project GACR P504/10/1644 and partly by project GACR P504/10/0843. Cooperation with S. Fraver was supported by project MSMT LH11043. J. Rejzek was supported by student projects of the Czech University of Life Sciences CIGA20104302 and CIGA20114310. We would like to thank C. Volny, P. Tauchman, V. Pergl, J. Zenahlikova, M. Stary and J. Cervenka for assistance in the field. We are especially grateful to J. Wild and J. Douda for providing valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Comments by anonymous reviewers have greatly improved the manuscript. We thank the S. umava National Park authorities for administrative support. NR 73 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 107 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 86 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01329.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 873XO UT WOS:000298919100010 ER PT J AU Engelhardt, BM Weisberg, PJ Chambers, JC AF Engelhardt, Blake M. Weisberg, Peter J. Chambers, Jeanne C. TI Influences of watershed geomorphology on extent and composition of riparian vegetation SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Basin morphometry; Flood regime; Forest; Great Basin; Lithology; Meadow; Nevada; Ordination; Scale; Small watersheds ID SIERRA-NEVADA; CHANNEL INCISION; RIVER REGULATION; BASIN; USA; CALIFORNIA; STREAMS; MEADOWS; ESTABLISHMENT; FLOODPLAINS AB Question: How strongly do watershed morphometry and geology influence the extent and composition of vegetation along riparian corridors? Location: Eighteen upland watersheds in central Nevada, USA. Methods: Watershed (drainage basin) morphometry and geology were derived from digital data sets (DEMs and geologic maps). Riparian corridors were classified into five vegetation types (riparian forest, riparian shrub, wet/ mesic meadow, dry meadow and shrub dry meadow) using high-resolution aerial photography. Regression and multivariate analyses were used to relate geomorphic characteristics to riparian vegetation extent and composition. Results: Riparian extent ranged from 0.4% to 3.6% of watershed area, was positively related to percentage intrusive bedrock and drainage density, and was negatively related to percentage carbonate bedrock and relative stream power. Riparian forest and shrub types occupiedmore than 75% of the riparian corridor in 12 of 18 watersheds; meadow types comprised a smaller proportion. Watershed size, topography and geology were important in predicting riparian composition. Riparian forest and shrub types weremore abundant in small, rugged watersheds of high relief. Meadow types were more abundant in large, low gradient and less rugged watersheds. The importance of woody vegetation increased with more volcanic and intrusive bedrock, whereas meadow vegetation increased with increasing alluvium, carbonate and metasedimentary rock types. Conclusions: Watershed geomorphology significantly constrains extent and abundance of woody versus herbaceous vegetation within the riparian corridor. Watershed variables related to riparian vegetation are likely indicators of run-off regimes or water and sediment transport. Consideration of relationships between watershed-scale geomorphology and riparian vegetation can improve prediction and informrestoration efforts. C1 [Engelhardt, Blake M.; Weisberg, Peter J.] Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV USA. RP Weisberg, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM engelhardt.blake@gmail.com; pweisberg@cabnr.unr.edu; jchambers@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We are grateful for technical assistance from Tom Dilts, Dongwook Ko, Jian Yang and Gary Johnson. The manuscript was significantly improved by review comments from Jerry Miller, Tom Bullard, Susan Mortenson, Stephanie Sunderman, Michael Huston and two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the Great Basin Ecosystem Management Project of the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01328.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 873XO UT WOS:000298919100013 ER PT J AU Hwang, SA Lee, PO Lee, HS Lee, JS Roh, MS Choi, MP AF Hwang, Sun Ae Lee, Poong Ok Lee, Hee Su Lee, Jong Suk Roh, Mark S. Choi, Mok Pil TI Flower bud abscission triggered by the anther in the Asiatic hybrid lily SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physiological disorder; Post-production physiology; Carbon dioxide production; Ethylene evolution; Lilium x elegans Thunb ID FRUIT ABSCISSION; EUSTOMA FLOWERS; SENESCENCE; SUCROSE; LILIUM; ETHYLENE; TRANSLOCATION; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION AB It is not well documented which floral parts may trigger the onset of tepal or petal senescence and or flower bud abscission. Asiatic hybrid (Lilium x elegans Thunb.) 'Red Carpet' lily flowers were selected as a model to study this relationship because the various floral organs of a lily flower can be easily dissected and collected for physiological studies. We hypothesized that anther is the organ that triggers flower bud abscission. Ethanol-soluble sucrose, fructose, and glucose were analyzed in the tepal, anther, filament, and pistil. The analysis was conducted on flower buds weighing 1.5 g (small buds) and 3.9g (large buds). The sucrose content in the anthers of small buds remained high when cut flowers were held at 21 degrees C for 5 d, suggesting that sucrose is not hydrolyzed into fructose and glucose. However, in large buds, sucrose was not detected when flowers were held at 21 degrees C for 5 d. The respiration rate of small buds (2.06g) was high (2000-3000 mg/kg fw) when the tepals were removed and the anther remained attached to the filament, but was low (less than 400 mg/kg fw) in large buds approaching anthesis. Ethylene was produced only in small buds (1.42g) when the anthers were present. Radioactive C-14 sucrose applied to the cut end of the pedicel was translocated rapidly to the anther at harvest, but was not translocated to the anther when abscission was induced by keeping flower buds at 21 degrees C. Ethylene detected in small flower buds possibly was stimulated by physiological changes resulting from the lack of assimilates available to the anther and the lack of sucrose hydrolysis occurring in the anther. The absence of sucrose hydrolysis in the anther and lack of translocation of sucrose from the filaments to the anther in small buds may be factors that contribute to flower bud abscission in 'Red Carpet' lily. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Mok Pil] Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, RDA, Floriculture Res Div, Suwon 440706, South Korea. [Hwang, Sun Ae; Lee, Poong Ok; Lee, Hee Su; Lee, Jong Suk] Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Hort Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Choi, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Hort & Herbal Sci, RDA, Floriculture Res Div, Suwon 440706, South Korea. EM mokpil@korea.kr RI Valdenegro, Monika/G-3791-2012 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.postharybio.2011.09.002 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 867MF UT WOS:000298457800004 ER PT J AU Harb, J Gapper, NE Giovannoni, JJ Watkins, CB AF Harb, Jamil Gapper, Nigel E. Giovannoni, James J. Watkins, Chris B. TI Molecular analysis of softening and ethylene synthesis and signaling pathways in a non-softening apple cultivar, 'Honeycrisp' and a rapidly softening cultivar, 'McIntosh' SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus domestica Borkh.; Ripening; Ethylene biosynthesis; Cell wall degradation; Gene expression; Softening ID CELL-WALL DEGRADATION; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; TOMATO FRUIT; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE 1-MCP; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOMESTICA FRUIT; MDACS3 GENE; SHELF-LIFE AB A feature of 'Honeycrisp' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] is that they maintain flesh firmness over extended storage. The objective of this study was to elucidate molecular mechanisms that are responsible for slow softening of 'Honeycrisp' as compared with a rapidly softening cultivar, 'McIntosh'. Fruit from both cultivars were picked during the normal harvest period and stored at 20 degrees C for 10 d. Internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) in 'Honeycrisp' fruit were lower than in 'McIntosh', but at climacteric levels of ethylene 'Honeycrisp' fruit maintained their firmness over this period, while 'McIntosh' softened rapidly. Concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were higher in 'Honeycrisp' than in 'McIntosh' apples. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out for genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signaling [ACC synthase (MdACS); ACC oxidase (MdACO); ethylene receptors (MdETR and MdERS); constitutive triple response (MdCTR); ethylene response factor (MdERF)], as well as those involved in cell wall metabolism [polygalacturonase (MdPG); xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (MdXTH); expansin (MdEXP); P-galactosidase (Md beta-GS); arabinofuranosidase (MdAFase); pectate lyase (MdPL)]. At comparable IECs, the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis, ethylene perception and signal transduction was generally much higher in 'Honeycrisp' than in 'McIntosh' fruit. However, the expression of MdAFase and MdEXP3 was generally lower in 'Honeycrisp' than in 'McIntosh', while that of MdPG and MdPL was extremely low in 'Honeycrisp'. Expression of MdPG1 was very low, even though IECs were at climacteric levels. Absence of fruit softening in 'Honeycrisp' is probably associated with restricted cell wall enzyme activity. The lower maximum IECs found in 'Honeycrisp' compared with 'McIntosh' do not appear to be related to expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harb, Jamil; Gapper, Nigel E.; Watkins, Chris B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Harb, Jamil] Birzeit Univ, Dept Biol & Biochem, Birzeit, Israel. [Gapper, Nigel E.; Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Res Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Watkins, CB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cbw3@cornell.edu RI Harb, Jamil/C-4294-2017 OI Harb, Jamil/0000-0001-6334-3746 FU Fulbright Scholar Program for Jamil Harb; Federal Formula Funds [NE1036]; NSF [IOS-0923312]; New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [FRST-BTPR0701] FX This research was supported by Fulbright Scholar Program for Jamil Harb and by Federal Formula Funds NE1036. JJG and NEG were supported by NSF Plant Genome Program award IOS-0923312. Support was also provided by a grant to NEG by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology FRST-BTPR0701. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.10.001 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 867MF UT WOS:000298457800013 ER PT J AU Guan, WQ Fan, XT Yan, RX AF Guan, Wenqiang Fan, Xuetong Yan, Ruixiang TI Effects of UV-C treatment on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, microbial loads, and quality of button mushrooms SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mushrooms; Ultraviolet treatment; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Color; Antioxidant activity ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; AGARICUS-BISPORUS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SHELF-LIFE; IONIZING-RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; EDIBLE MUSHROOMS; FRESH PRODUCE; IRRADIATION AB This study investigated the effects of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light applied to both sides of mushrooms on microbial loads and product quality during storage for 21 d at 4 degrees C. Microflora populations, color, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid were measured at 1, 7, 14 and 21 d of storage. Additionally, the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by UV-C was determined. Results showed that UV-C doses of 0.45-3.15 kJ m(-2) resulted in 0.67-1.13 log CFU g(-1) reduction of E. coli O157:H7 inoculated on mushroom cap surfaces. UV-C radiation also reduced total aerobic plate counts by 0.63-0.89 log CFU g(-1) on the surface of mushrooms. Although mushrooms treated with UV-C had more severe browning with increasing dosage after initial treatment, the control mushrooms also browned as indicted by lower L* and higher a* values after 21 d of storage at 4 degrees C. In addition, the UV-C treatments apparently inhibited lesion development on the mushroom surface. During the first 7d. irradiated mushrooms had lower antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid content compared to non-radiated samples. However, irradiated mushrooms reached similar amounts of these nutrients as the control after 14 d of storage at 4 degrees C. In summary, UV-C radiation could potentially be used for sanitizing fresh button mushrooms and extending shelf-life. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fan, Xuetong] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Guan, Wenqiang; Yan, Ruixiang] Natl Engn & Technol Res Ctr Preservat Agr Prod, Tianjin Key Lab Postharvest Physiol & Storage Agr, Tianjin 300384, Peoples R China. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Xuetong.Fan@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.05.017 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 867MF UT WOS:000298457800016 ER PT J AU Karaca, H Walse, SS Smilanick, JL AF Karaca, Hakan Walse, Spencer S. Smilanick, Joseph L. TI Effect of continuous 0.3 mu L/L gaseous ozone exposure on fungicide residues on table grape berries SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Fungicides; Pesticides; Degradation; Grapes berries; Storage ID PYRIMETHANIL RESIDUES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GROWN STRAWBERRIES; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; DEGRADATION; WATER; WINE; STRATEGIES AB The persistence of residues of some fungicides, commonly applied in table grape vineyards to reduce bunch rot, was investigated during the cold storage of 'Thompson Seedless' table grape stemmed berries in atmospheres of air or 0.3 mu L/L ozone enriched air. Grape berries were sprayed with a mixture of boscalid, iprodione, fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil solutions, dried in air for 24 h, and packed in plastic clamshell containers in expanded polystyrene boxes. The boxes were stored either in ozone or in ambient air atmosphere (2 degrees C, 95% RH) for 36 d. Residue analyses were done initially and at 12-d intervals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Residues of boscalid, iprodione, fenhexamid, and pyrimethanil declined during storage in air, but cyprodinil residues did not change significantly during 36-d storage. Storage in the ozone atmosphere markedly accelerated the rates of decline of fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil, but not those of boscalid or iprodione. At the end of storage, degradation of fenhexamid, cyprodinil, or pyrimethanil was 1.6-, 2.8-, or 3.6-fold higher, respectively, in the ozone atmosphere compared that in air. Despite their structural similarity, pyrimethanil declined more rapidly in an ozone atmosphere than cyprodinil. Fenhexamid declined in both air and ozone more rapidly than the other fungicides; at the end of storage period, only 59.2% or 35.5% of the initial residue remained after air or ozone storage, respectively. Our results have shown that gaseous ozone treatment during storage has a great potential for degrading contemporary fungicides related to table grape production. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Karaca, Hakan] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Food Engn, TR-20070 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey. [Walse, Spencer S.; Smilanick, Joseph L.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Karaca, H (reprint author), Pamukkale Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Food Engn, TR-20070 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey. EM hkaraca@pau.edu.tr FU The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [2214]; California Table Grape Commission FX This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the 2214-International Research Scholarship Program. Some supplies and equipments were purchased with financial support of the California Table Grape Commission. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.07.004 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 867MF UT WOS:000298457800021 ER PT J AU Pae, M Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Pae, Munkyong Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI The Role of Nutrition in Enhancing Immunity in Aging SO AGING AND DISEASE LA English DT Review DE Aging; Immunity; Infection; Nutrition AB Aging is associated with declined immune function, particularly T cell-mediated activity, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality from infectious disease and cancer in the elderly. Studies have shown that nutritional intervention may be a promising approach to reversing impaired immune function and diminished resistance to infection with aging. However, controversy exists concerning every nutritional regimen tested to date. In this article, we will review the progress of research in this field with a focus on nutrition factor information that is relatively abundant in the literature. While vitamin E deficiency is rare, intake above recommended levels can enhance T cell function in aged animals and humans. This effect is believed to contribute toward increased resistance to influenza infection in animals and reduced incidence of upper respiratory infection in the elderly. Zinc deficiency, common in the elderly, is linked to impaired immune function and increased risk for acquiring infection, which can be rectified by zinc supplementation. However, higher than recommended upper limits of zinc may adversely affect immune function. Probiotics are increasingly being recognized as an effective, immune-modulating nutritional factor. However, to be effective, they require an adequate supplementation period; additionally, their effects are strain-specific and among certain strains, a synergistic effect is observed. Increased intake of fish or n-3 PUFA may be beneficial to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as to several age-related diseases. Conversely, the immunosuppressive effect of fish oils on T cell-mediated function has raised concerns regarding their impact on resistance to infection. Caloric restriction (CR) is shown to delay immunosenescence in animals, but this effect needs to be verified in humans. Timing for CR initiation may be important to determine whether CR is effective or even beneficial at all. Recent studies have suggested that CR, which is effective at improving the immune response of unchallenged animals, might compromise the host's defense against pathogenic infection and result in higher morbidity and mortality. The studies published thus far describe a critical role for nutrition in maintaining the immune response of the aged, but they also indicate the need for a more in-depth, wholestic approach to determining the optimal nutritional strategies that would maintain a healthy immune system in the elderly and promote their resistance to infection and other immune-related diseases C1 [Pae, Munkyong; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Wu, Dayong] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu RI Pae, Munkyong /I-6931-2015 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service under contract number 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. The authors would like to thank Stephanie Marco for her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript and Maria Carlota Dao for her critical comments. NR 275 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT SOC AGING & DISEASE PI FORT WORTH PA EDITORIAL OFF, 3400 CAMP BOWIE BLVD, FORT WORTH, TX 76106 USA SN 2152-5250 J9 AGING DIS JI Aging Dis. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 91 EP 129 PG 39 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA V32KT UT WOS:000208950800007 PM 22500273 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Grass roots of soil carbon sequestration SO CARBON MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE forages; legume; mixed-use farming; perennial grass; resilient agricultural system; soil organic carbon; soil quality ID ORGANIC-CARBON; SYSTEMS C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-3004 J9 CARBON MANAG JI Carbon Manag. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.4155/CMT.11.73 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 094BN UT WOS:000315238100003 ER PT J AU Vilsack, TJ AF Vilsack, Thomas J. TI The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act - Building Healthier Schools SO CHILDHOOD OBESITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Vilsack, TJ (reprint author), USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 200A, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM agsec@usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2153-2168 EI 2153-2176 J9 CHILD OBES JI Child Obes. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 DI 10.1089/chi.2011.0800.vils PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA V32JG UT WOS:000208946900003 PM 22799468 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Frankel, L AF Baranowski, Tom Frankel, Leslie TI Let's Get Technical! Gaming and Technology for Weight Control and Health Promotion in Children SO CHILDHOOD OBESITY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH; VIDEO GAMES; INTERVENTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; FEASIBILITY; OVERWEIGHT; PROGRAMS; OBESITY AB Most children, including lower socioeconomic status and ethnic minority children, play video games, use computers, and have cell phones, and growing numbers have smart phones and electronic tablets. They are comfortable with, even prefer, electronic media. Many expect to be entertained and have a low tolerance for didactic methods. Thus, health promotion with children needs to incorporate more interactive media. Interactive media for weight control and health promotion among children can be broadly classified into web-based educational/therapeutic programs, tailored motivational messaging systems, data monitoring and feedback systems, active video games, and diverse forms of interactive multimedia experiences involving games. This article describes the primary characteristics of these different technological methods; presents the strengths and weaknesses of each in meeting the needs of children of different ages; emphasizes that we are in the earliest stages of knowing how best to design these systems, including selecting the optimal requisite behavioral change theories; and identifies high-priority research issues. Gaming and technology offer many exciting, innovative opportunities for engaging children and promoting diet and physical activity changes that can contribute to obesity prevention and weight loss maintenance. Research needs to clarify optimal procedures for effectively promoting change with each change procedure. C1 [Baranowski, Tom; Frankel, Leslie] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.edu RI Emchi, Karma/Q-1952-2016; OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 35 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2153-2168 EI 2153-2176 J9 CHILD OBES JI Child Obes. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1089/chi.2011.0103 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA V32JG UT WOS:000208946900012 PM 22799477 ER PT J AU Lu, AS Thompson, D Baranowski, J Buday, R Baranowski, T AF Lu, Amy Shirong Thompson, Debbe Baranowski, Janice Buday, Richard Baranowski, Tom TI Story Immersion in a Health Videogame for Childhood Obesity Prevention SO GAMES FOR HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Objective: Stories can serve as powerful tools for health interventions. Story immersion refers to the experience of being absorbed in a story. This is among the first studies to analyze story immersion's role in health videogames among children by addressing two main questions: Will children be more immersed when the main characters are similar to them? Do increased levels of immersion relate to more positive health outcomes? Subjects and Methods: Eighty-seven 10-12-year-old African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic children from Houston, TX, played a health videogame, "Escape from Diab'' (Archimage, Houston, TX), featuring a protagonist with both African-American and Hispanic phenotypic features. Children's demographic information, immersion, and health outcomes (i.e., preference, motivation, and self-efficacy) were recorded and then correlated and analyzed. Results: African-American and Hispanic participants reported higher immersion scores than Caucasian participants (P = 0.01). Story immersion correlated positively (P values < 0.03) with an increase in Fruit and Vegetable Preference (r = 0.27), Intrinsic Motivation for Water (r = 0.29), Vegetable Self-Efficacy (r = 0.24), and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy (r = 0.32). Conclusion: Ethnic similarity between videogame characters and players enhanced immersion and several health outcomes. Effectively embedding characters with similar phenotypic features to the target population in interactive health videogame narratives may be important when motivating children to adopt obesity prevention behaviors. C1 [Lu, Amy Shirong] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Thompson, Debbe; Baranowski, Janice; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Buday, Richard] Archimage Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Lu, AS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, 535 West Michigan St,IT 461, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM amylu@iu.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222; Lu, Amy Shirong/0000-0002-8230-9049 FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [U44 DK66724-01]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-0-008] FX This research was primarily funded by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (number U44 DK66724-01), "Computer-based Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes in Youth," PI: Richard Buday, FAIA. This work is also a publication of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-0-008. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2161-783X EI 2161-7856 J9 GAMES HEALTH J JI Games Health J. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1089/g4h.2011.0011 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA V40YN UT WOS:000209514000008 PM 24066276 ER PT J AU Garczynski, SF Wanner, KW Unruh, TR AF Garczynski, Stephen F. Wanner, Kevin W. Unruh, Thomas R. TI Identification and initial characterization of the 3 ' end of gene transcripts encoding putative members of the pheromone receptor subfamily in Lepidoptera SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE degenerate primer PCR; odorant receptor; pheromone receptor; polyadenylation signals; 3 ' untranslated region ID SILKMOTH BOMBYX-MORI; ODORANT RECEPTORS; ALTERNATIVE POLYADENYLATION; OLFACTORY RECEPTORS; UNTRANSLATED REGION; PEST-MANAGEMENT; SUPERFAMILY; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; ALIGNMENT AB Semiochemicals, including pheromones and kairomones, used in pest management programs reduce the need for chemical insecticides, and understanding their interactions with their membrane receptors may help make them more effective in the field. Identification of odorant receptors in the Lepidoptera has mainly been achieved using bioinformatics to search DNA sequences generated by genome or expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing projects. This study reports a rapid method to identify members of the pheromone receptor subfamily in Lepidoptera. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed against a conserved amino acid sequence in the carboxyl terminus of known lepidopteran pheromone receptors, and the primers were used in a 3' rapid amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) ends procedure. Polymerase chain reaction products generated from seven different lepidopteran species were TA cloned and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of 25 transcripts were determined to encode potential members of the pheromone receptor subfamily. These cDNAs ranged from 238 to 642 bp and encoded 49-54 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus. Analysis of the 3' untranslated region reveals that most of the transcripts contain multiple polyadenylation signal sequences, and in the case of Manduca sexta, an alternate polyadenylation signal appears to be used in transcript processing. The 3' untranslated region was also useful in determining unique receptors encoded by transcripts having highly similar nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Overall, this technique provides a complementary method of pheromone receptor identification in EST sequencing projects, or can be used as a stand-alone method in conjunction with 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends procedures. C1 [Garczynski, Stephen F.; Unruh, Thomas R.] ARS, USDA, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Wanner, Kevin W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Garczynski, SF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, YARL, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM steve.garczynski@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission [CP-705A]; National Research Initiative (NRI) of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) [2008-35302-18839] FX We thank Drs. Peter Landolt, Laura Corley Lavine and Godfrey Miles for their review of this manuscript and helpful suggestions. Laura Willett is thanked for her technical assistance. This project is supported by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission Project number CP-705A (awarded to SFG) and National Research Initiative (NRI) Arthropod and Nematode Biology and Management Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) Grant no. 2008-35302-18839 (awarded to SFG). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2011.01423.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 880FZ UT WOS:000299391800008 ER PT J AU Cheng, CM Chang, YN Sistani, KR Wang, YW Lu, WC Lin, CW Dong, JH Hu, CC Pan, WP AF Cheng, Chin-Min Chang, Yung-Nan Sistani, Karamat R. Wang, Yen-Wen Lu, Wen-Chieh Lin, Chia-Wei Dong, Jing-Hong Hu, Chih-Chung Pan, Wei-Ping TI Mercury emission and plant uptake of trace elements during early stage of soil amendment using flue gas desulfurization materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BY-PRODUCTS; SPECIATION; QUALITY; SLUDGE; AIR AB A pilot-scale field study was carried out to investigate the distribution of Hg and other selected elements (i.e., As, B, and Se), i.e., emission to ambient air, uptake by surface vegetation, and/or rainfall infiltration, after flue gas desulfarization (FGD) material is applied to soil. Three FGD materials collected from two power plants were used. Our results show Hg released into the air and uptake in grass from all FGD material-treated soils were all higher (P < 0.1) than the amounts observed from untreated soil. Hg in the soil amended with the FGD material collected from a natural oxidation wet scrubber (i.e., SNO) was more readily released to air compared to the other two FGD materials collected from the synthetic gypsum dewatering vacuum belt (i.e., AFO-gypsum) and the waste water treatment plant (i.e., AFO-CPS) of a forced oxidation FGD system. No Hg was detected in the leachates collected during the only 3-hour, 1-inch rainfall event that occurred throughout the 4-week testing period. For every kilogram of FGD material applied to soil, AFO-CPS released the highest amount of Hg, B, and Se, followed by SNO, and AFO gypsum. Based on the same energy production rate, the land application of SNO FGD material from Plant S released higher amounts of Hg and B into ambient air and/or grass than the amounts released when AFO-gypsum from Plant A was used. Using FGD material with lower concentration levels of Hg and other elements of concern does not necessary post a lower environmental risk. In addition, this study demonstrates that considering only the amounts of trace elements uptake in surface vegetation may under estimate the overall release of the trace elements from FGD material-amended soils. It also shows, under the same soil amendment conditions, the mobility of trace elements varies when FGD materials produced from different processes are used. Implications: This study evaluated environmental impact associated with land application of FGD material by considering the overall mass balance of an element in a life cycle starting from coal combustion process to the stage of land application. The approach allows the relative significance of trace element release potential among different FGD materials, as well as the distribution of trace elements in different release pathways (i.e., air emission, uptake in grass, and soil leachate), to be compared based on different environmental management schemes. C1 [Cheng, Chin-Min; Chang, Yung-Nan; Pan, Wei-Ping] Western Kentucky Univ, Inst Combust Sci & Environm Technol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Sistani, Karamat R.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. [Wang, Yen-Wen; Lu, Wen-Chieh; Lin, Chia-Wei; Dong, Jing-Hong; Hu, Chih-Chung] Ming Chi Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Cheng, CM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cheng.160@osu.edu FU Commonwealth of Kentucky Governor's Office of Energy Policy (GOEP) [596264]; Western Kentucky University; United States Department of Agricultural; National Gypsum Company FX The authors thank Commonwealth of Kentucky Governor's Office of Energy Policy (GOEP no. 596264), Western Kentucky University, United States Department of Agricultural, and National Gypsum Company for funding support. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1080/10473289.2011.631077 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 891DN UT WOS:000300196800001 PM 22442930 ER PT J AU Cseke, LJ Talley, SM AF Cseke, Leland J. Talley, Sharon M. TI A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Molecular Biology; Issue 60; Molecular genotyping; Japanese blood grass; Red Baron; cogongrass; invasive plants AB Wild-type I. cylindrica (cogongrass) is one of the top ten worst invasive plants in the world, negatively impacting agricultural and natural resources in 73 different countries throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, New Zealand, Oceania and the Americas(1-2). Cogongrass forms rapidly-spreading, monodominant stands that displace a large variety of native plant species and in turn threaten the native animals that depend on the displaced native plant species for forage and shelter. To add to the problem, an ornamental variety [I. cylindrica var. koenigii (Retzius)] is widely marketed under the names of Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra', Red Baron, and Japanese blood grass (JBG). This variety is putatively sterile and noninvasive and is considered a desirable ornamental for its red-colored leaves. However, under the correct conditions, JBG can produce viable seed (Carol Holko, 2009 personal communication) and can revert to a green invasive form that is often indistinguishable from cogongrass as it takes on the distinguishing characteristics of the wild-type invasive variety(4) (Figure 1). This makes identification using morphology a difficult task even for well-trained plant taxonomists. Reversion of JBG to an aggressive green phenotype is also not a rare occurrence. Using sequence comparisons of coding and variable regions in both nuclear and chloroplast DNA, we have confirmed that JBG has reverted to the green invasive within the states of Maryland, South Carolina, and Missouri. JBG has been sold and planted in just about every state in the continental U.S. where there is not an active cogongrass infestation. The extent of the revert problem in not well understood because reverted plants are undocumented and often destroyed. Application of this molecular protocol provides a method to identify JBG reverts and can help keep these varieties from co-occurring and possibly hybridizing. Cogongrass is an obligate outcrosser and, when crossed with a different genotype, can produce viable wind-dispersed seeds that spread cogongrass over wide distances(5-7). JBG has a slightly different genotype than cogongrass and may be able to form viable hybrids with cogongrass. To add to the problem, JBG is more cold and shade tolerant than cogongrass(8-10), and gene flow between these two varieties is likely to generate hybrids that are more aggressive, shade tolerant, and cold hardy than wild-type cogongrass. While wild-type cogongrass currently infests over 490 million hectares worldwide, in the Southeast U.S. it infests over 500,000 hectares and is capable of occupying most of the U.S. as it rapidly spreads northward due to its broad niche and geographic potential(3,7,11). The potential of a genetic crossing is a serious concern for the USDA-APHIS Federal Noxious Week Program. Currently, the USDA-APHIS prohibits JBG in states where there are major cogongrass infestations (e.g., Florida, Alabama, Mississippi). However, preventing the two varieties from combining can prove more difficult as cogongrass and JBG expand their distributions. Furthermore, the distribution of the JBG revert is currently unknown and without the ability to identify these varieties through morphology, some cogongrass infestations may be the result of JBG reverts. Unfortunately, current molecular methods of identification typically rely on AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) and DNA sequencing, both of which are time consuming and costly. Here, we present the first cost-effective and reliable PCR-based molecular genotyping method to accurately distinguish between cogongrass and JBG revert. C1 [Cseke, Leland J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Talley, Sharon M.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Cseke, LJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM csekel@uah.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank Alan Tasker (USDA-APHIS, Riverdale, MD), Stephen Compton (Clemson), Sherry Aultman (Clemson), Craig Ramsey (USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO), and Betty Marose (UMD) for assistance in obtaining specimens. We thank students Andrew Adrian (UA-Huntsville) and Derek Thacker (UA-Huntsville) for their assistance in testing this protocol, and Joseph Herdy for his work in the filming of the video. This work was funded by National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD FEB PY 2012 IS 60 AR e3265 DI 10.3791/3265 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36PE UT WOS:000209222700004 ER PT J AU Throop, HL Archer, SR Monger, HC Waltman, S AF Throop, H. L. Archer, S. R. Monger, H. C. Waltman, S. TI When bulk density methods matter: Implications for estimating soil organic carbon pools in rocky soils SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Carbon pools; Carbon accounting; Core method; Soil carbon ID FOREST SOILS AB Resolving uncertainty in the carbon cycle is paramount to refining climate predictions. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major component of terrestrial C pools, and accuracy of SOC estimates are only as good as the measurements and assumptions used to obtain them. Dryland soils account for a substantial portion of global SOC, but the pool dynamics are highly uncertain. One crucial component of accurate estimates of SOC on an areal basis is bulk density (rho(b)). the mass of soil per unit volume. Here, we review methods used for calculating rho(b) and assess their prevalence. We show how treatment of coarse fragments (particles >2 mm diameter) influences rho(b) values and discuss the implications for SOC estimates in drylands. In four dryland examples, methods that varied in their treatment of coarse fragments led to substantial (up to 26%) differences in rho(b). Calculated SOC pools responded proportionally, with SOC differing by up to 518 g C m(-2). We suggest a revised method for accounting for coarse fractions in rho(b) calculations. A large portion of the world's soils, particularly in drylands, are fine enough to allow rho(b) determination with cores, but contain coarse fragments that substantially impact SOC mass estimates if not explicitly considered. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Throop, H. L.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Archer, S. R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Monger, H. C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Waltman, S.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Throop, HL (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM throop@nmsu.edu; sarcher@ag.arizona.edu; cmonger@nmsu.edu; Sharon.Waltman@wv.usda.gov RI Throop, Heather/D-6391-2012 OI Throop, Heather/0000-0002-7963-4342 FU USDA-NRI Managed Ecosystems [2005-35101-15408]; NASA LCLUC-Carbon Cycle Initiative [NAG5-11238]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0953864, DEB 0618210]; Jornada Basin LTER FX Support for this work was provided by USDA-NRI Managed Ecosystems 2005-35101-15408 to SA, HT, and M. McClaran, NASA LCLUC-Carbon Cycle Initiative NAG5-11238 to SA, National Science Foundation DEB 0953864 to HT, and the Jornada Basin LTER (supported by National Science Foundation DEB 0618210). We appreciate helpful comments from D. Eldridge and two anonymous reviewers on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 77 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.08.020 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862XF UT WOS:000298126700010 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Mtui, PL AF Boateng, A. A. Mtui, P. L. TI CFD modeling of space-time evolution of fast pyrolysis products in a bench-scale fluidized-bed reactor SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Pyrolysis; Computational fluid dynamics; Modeling ID FLOW AB A model for the evolution of pyrolysis products in a fluidized bed has been developed. In this study the unsteady constitutive transport equations for inert gas flow and decomposition kinetics were modeled using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT-12. The Eulerarian-Eulerian multiphase model system described herein is a fluidized bed of sand externally heated to a pre-determined temperature prior to introduction of agricultural biomass. We predict the spontaneous emergence of pyrolysis vapors, char and non-condensable (permanent) gases and confirm the observation that the kinetics are fast and that bio-oil vapor evolution is accomplished in a few seconds, and occupying two-thirds of the spatial volume of the reactor as widely reported in the open literature. The model could be advantageous in the virtual design of fast pyrolysis reactors and their optimization to meet economic scales required for distributed or satellite units. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Boateng, A. A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Mtui, P. L.] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Coll Engn & Technol, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 33-34 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.09.034 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 853OU UT WOS:000297436400022 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from hazelnut, high-oleic peanut and walnut oils and evaluation as biodiesel SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Diesel fuel; Fatty acid methyl esters; Hazelnut; High-oleic peanut ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; SOYBEAN OIL; SURFACE-TENSION; FUEL PROPERTIES; VEGETABLE-OILS; ALKYL ESTERS; DIESEL; ADDITIVES; CULTIVARS AB Refined hazelnut, walnut and high-oleic peanut oils were converted into fatty acid methyl esters using catalytic sodium methoxide and evaluated as potential biodiesel fuels. These feedstocks were of interest due to their lipid production potentials (780-1780 L ha (1) yr (1)) and suitability for marginal lands. Methyl oleate was the principal constituent identified in hazelnut (HME; 76.9%) and peanut (PME; 78.2%) oil methyl esters. Walnut oil methyl esters (WME) were comprised primarily of methyl esters of linoleic (60.7%), oleic (15.1%) and linolenic (12.8%) acids. PME exhibited excellent oxidative stability (IP 21.1 h; EN 14112) but poor cold flow properties (CP 17.8 degrees C) due to its comparatively high content of very-long chain fatty esters. WME provided low derived cetane number and oxidative stability (IP 2.9 h) data as a result of its high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty esters. HME yielded a satisfactory balance between all fuel properties when compared to the biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 due to its high content of monounsaturated fatty esters. Also explored were the properties of blends of HME, PME and WME in ultra-low sulfur (<15 ppm) diesel (ULSD) fuel and comparison to petrodiesel standards ASTM D975, D7467 and EN 590. With increasing content of biodiesel, the oxidative stability, cold flow properties and calorific value of ULSD was negatively affected, whereas lubricity was markedly improved. Kinematic viscosity, specific gravity and surface tension were impacted to lesser extents by addition of biodiesel to ULSD. In summary, HME, PME and WME are suitable based on their fuel properties as biodiesel fuels and blend components in ULSD. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD FEB PY 2012 VL 92 IS 1 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.005 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 855NY UT WOS:000297572600029 ER PT J AU Weaver, MA Zablotowicz, RM Krutz, LJ Bryson, CT Locke, MA AF Weaver, Mark A. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Krutz, L. Jason Bryson, Charles T. Locke, Martin A. TI Microbial and vegetative changes associated with development of a constructed wetland SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Constructed wetland; FAME; Microbial community; Soil microbiology; Wetland ecology; Wetland succession ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; WASTE-WATER; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; FILTER STRIPS; SOIL CARBON; COMMUNITIES; MITIGATION; PATTERNS; ATRAZINE; CONSERVATION AB Wetlands may be constructed to provide several ecosystem functions. A constructed wetland receiving agricultural runoff water was observed prior to, and for more than two years after, establishment. The excavated portion of this wetland was compared to an undisturbed, upland area and to an adjacent, natural, depressional, reference wetland. After construction the excavated cell was rapidly colonized by wetland plant species, including some exotic invasive weeds. Flourescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) dehydrogenase assays indicated that the soil microbial community was more active in the excavated wetland cell than either of the two reference areas. In 2003 and 2004 TTC activity was greater than twice as high in the constructed wetland than the reference wetland. FDA was greatly stimulated in the constructed wetland immediately after construction, but by 2004 the three systems were not significantly different. The soil microbial community of the constructed wetland rapidly decreased in the abundance of fungi and gram-negative bacteria and increased in gram-positive bacteria and overall bacteria, as measured by fatty acid methyl esters. These shifts in the microbial community were consistent with the differences noted between the communities of the upland system and the reference wetland. During the time of observation the constructed wetland did not sequester carbon relative to the upland system (P = 0.11) and did not significantly increase in carbon content (P = 0.41). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Weaver, Mark A.; Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Krutz, L. Jason; Bryson, Charles T.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Locke, Martin A.] ARS, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Weaver, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 59 Lee Rd,POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mark.weaver@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 FU Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) FX Thanks to Carol Benson, Earl Gordon and many student workers for technical assistance. Frank Gwin, Paul Rodrigue and Bobby Cullum were helpful in wetland design and construction. This research was a part of the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) project. Thanks to private landowners who participated in the MSEA program and have allowed ongoing access to their land. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.05.005 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835NG UT WOS:000296042500005 ER PT J AU Wu, TH Bechtel, PJ AF Wu, Ted H. Bechtel, Peter J. TI Screening for low molecular weight compounds in fish meal solubles by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Creatine; Creatinine; Inosine; HPLC/MS; HILIC; TMA; TMAO; Ultrafiltration ID PLANT PROTEIN DIETS; ENZYMATIC TREATMENT; POLAR COMPOUNDS; GADUS-MORHUA; STICKWATER; TAURINE; COD; TRIMETHYLAMINE; HYDROLYSATE; SEPARATION AB There is increasing evidence that low molecular weight water soluble compounds of marine protein are important for fish performance, thus identifying and quantifying them to incorporate in feeds are needed. A simple analytical method using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was developed to screen for low molecular weight water soluble compounds in enzyme treated and untreated Alaskan pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) stickwater (SW) generated from processing fish meal with pollock byproduct. Sample preparation was quick and involved centrifugation with ultrafiltration membrane (cut off <3000 g/mol) of reconstituted freeze dried samples for direct analysis on mass spectrum (MS). Full MS scan (50-2000 g/mol) in dual ion mode (atmospheric pressure chemical and electrospray ionisation) resulted in the identification of 5 abundant compounds (creatine, creatinine, inosine, trimethylamine and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO)); quantification was performed with selective ion monitoring based on calibration standards. The major low molecular weight compound detected in untreated SW was TMAO at 25.2 +/- 2.08 mg/g dry weight (dw) and in enzyme-treated SW was creatine at 10.5 +/- 0.47 mg/g dw. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, Ted H.; Bechtel, Peter J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Wu, TH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM ted.wu@ars.usda.gov; peter.bechtel@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 130 IS 3 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.088 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 835MB UT WOS:000296039400040 ER PT J AU Evans, KO AF Evans, Kelvin O. TI 1,2-Dielaidoylphosphocholine/1,2-dimyristoylphosphoglycerol supported phospholipid bilayer formation in calcium and calcium-free buffer SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Supported bilayer; Quartz crystal microbalance; Dissipation monitoring; Atomic force microscopy; Dimyristoylphosphoglycerol; Dielaidoylphosphocholine ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; LIPID-BILAYERS; VESICLE ADSORPTION; QCM-D; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SOLID-SURFACES; TEMPERATURE; SILICA; AFM; ELLIPSOMETRY AB Phospholipid membranes are useful in the field of biocatalysis because a supported phospholipid membrane can create a biomimetic platform where biocatalytic processes can readily occur. In this work, supported bilayer formation from sonicated phospholipid vesicles containing 1,2-dielaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] was studied using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and an atomic force microscope. The molar percentages of DEPC and DMPG were varied to determine the effect of overall lipid composition on supported bilayer formation. This work also explored the effect that calcium ion concentration had on supported bilayer formation. Results show that vesicles with up to 50 mol% dimyristoylphosphoglycerol can form a supported bilayer without the presence of calcium ions; however, supported bilayer formation in calcium buffer was inhibited as the anionic (negatively charged) lipid concentration increased. Data suggest that supported phospholipid bilayer formation in the absence of Ca2+ from vesicles containing negatively charged lipids is specific to phosphatidylglycerol. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evans, KO (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kervin.Evans@ars.usda.gov FU American Chemical Society FX The author thanks Kendra Brandon for providing technical assistance in performing the QCM-D measurements for this work and to Garyia Hawkins in performing AFM measurements as a part of a summer research project. Garyia Hawkins was supported through a Project SEED volunteer fellowship from the American Chemical Society. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 520 IS 7 BP 3026 EP 3030 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.12.002 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 903AK UT WOS:000301085100111 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Shanley, JB Campbell, JL Lawrence, GB Bailey, SW Likens, GE Wemple, BC Fredriksen, G Jamison, AE AF Ross, Donald S. Shanley, James B. Campbell, John L. Lawrence, Gregory B. Bailey, Scott W. Likens, Gene E. Wemple, Beverley C. Fredriksen, Guinevere Jamison, Austin E. TI Spatial patterns of soil nitrification and nitrate export from forested headwaters in the northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION; NITROGEN EXPORT; BRUSH-BROOK; NET NITRIFICATION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; GYPSY-MOTH; ICE STORM; BASE-POOR; WATERSHEDS AB Nitrogen export from small forested watersheds is known to be affected by N deposition but with high regional variability. We studied 10 headwater catchments in the northeastern United States across a gradient of N deposition (5.4 - 9.4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) to determine if soil nitrification rates could explain differences in stream water NO3- export. Average annual export of two years (October 2002 through September 2004) varied from 0.1 kg NO3--N ha(-1) yr(-1) at Cone Pond watershed in New Hampshire to 5.1 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) at Buck Creek South in the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. Potential net nitrification rates and relative nitrification (fraction of inorganic N as NO3-) were measured in Oa or A soil horizons at 21-130 sampling points throughout each watershed. Stream NO3- export was positively related to nitrification rates (r(2) = 0.34, p = 0.04) and the relative nitrification (r(2) = 0.37, p = 0.04). These relationships were much improved by restricting consideration to the 6 watersheds with a higher number of rate measurements (59-130) taken in transects parallel to the streams (r(2) of 0.84 and 0.70 for the nitrification rate and relative nitrification, respectively). Potential nitrification rates were also a better predictor of NO3- export when data were limited to either the 6 sampling points closest to the watershed outlet (r(2) = 0.75) or sampling points <250 m from the watershed outlet (r(2) = 0.68). The basal area of conifer species at the sampling plots was negatively related to NO3- export. These spatial relationships found here suggest a strong influence of near-stream and near-watershed-outlet soils on measured stream NO3- export. C1 [Ross, Donald S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Carey Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Wemple, Beverley C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Fredriksen, Guinevere] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jamison, Austin E.] Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage, Blue Ridge Div, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU New York Energy Research and Development Authority; U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center; National Science Foundation; USGS; Northern States Research Cooperative (USDA) [02CA11242343110]; USDA [VT-PS-00912] FX We thank Danielle Haddad of the University of New Hampshire for providing N deposition values from an updated, unpublished version of ClimCalc. We also thank site cooperators at each watershed including the Vermont Department of Forest, Parks and Recreation for permission to sample at Brush Brook and the Green Mountain National Forest for permission to sample in the Lye Brook area watershed. This stream sampling site was maintained by the generous support of Nancy Burt, Kathy Donna, and Hal Bell of the USDA Forest Service. Installation and maintenance of automated sampling equipment at a number of the watersheds were performed by either Jon Denner or Tom Suleski, both of the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for Buck Creek is provided by the New York Energy Research and Development Authority and the U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center. Support for the Buck Creek field operations is provided by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Ray Brook, NY. We also thank Don Buso at HBEF for assistance with field sampling and data management. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Sleepers River is supported by the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets program. Statistical consultation and analyses were provided by Alan Howard, IT Specialist, UVM Statistical Software Support and Consulting Services. This work was supported by the Northern States Research Cooperative (USDA award 02CA11242343110) and USDA Hatch funds (VT-PS-00912). NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01009 DI 10.1029/2011JG001740 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 887WE UT WOS:000299961500001 ER PT J AU Looft, T Johnson, TA Allen, HK Bayles, DO Alt, DP Stedtfeld, RD Sul, WJ Stedtfeld, TM Chai, BL Cole, JR Hashsham, SA Tiedje, JM Stanton, TB AF Looft, Torey Johnson, Timothy A. Allen, Heather K. Bayles, Darrell O. Alt, David P. Stedtfeld, Robert D. Sul, Woo Jun Stedtfeld, Tiffany M. Chai, Benli Cole, James R. Hashsham, Syed A. Tiedje, James M. Stanton, Thad B. TI In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE intestinal microbiota; microbiome shifts; swine bacteria; BioTrove microarray; metagenomics ID TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE GENE; MEGASPHAERA-ELSDENII STRAINS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS; GUT MICROBIOTA; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIA; CAPACITY AB Antibiotics have been administered to agricultural animals for disease treatment, disease prevention, and growth promotion for over 50 y. The impact of such antibiotic use on the treatment of human diseases is hotly debated. We raised pigs in a highly controlled environment, with one portion of the littermates receiving a diet containing performance-enhancing antibiotics [chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin (known as ASP250)] and the other portion receiving the same diet but without the antibiotics. We used phylogenetic, metagenomic, and quantitative PCR-based approaches to address the impact of antibiotics on the swine gut microbiota. Bacterial phylotypes shifted after 14 d of antibiotic treatment, with the medicated pigs showing an increase in Proteobacteria (1-11%) compared with nonmedicated pigs at the same time point. This shift was driven by an increase in Escherichia coli populations. Analysis of the metagenomes showed that microbial functional genes relating to energy production and conversion were increased in the antibiotic-fed pigs. The results also indicate that antibiotic resistance genes increased in abundance and diversity in the medicated swine microbiome despite a high background of resistance genes in nonmedicated swine. Some enriched genes, such as aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferases, confer resistance to antibiotics that were not administered in this study, demonstrating the potential for indirect selection of resistance to classes of antibiotics not fed. The collateral effects of feeding subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics to agricultural animals are apparent and must be considered in cost-benefit analyses. C1 [Johnson, Timothy A.; Stedtfeld, Robert D.; Sul, Woo Jun; Stedtfeld, Tiffany M.; Chai, Benli; Cole, James R.; Hashsham, Syed A.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Johnson, Timothy A.; Sul, Woo Jun; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Stedtfeld, Robert D.; Hashsham, Syed A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Looft, Torey; Allen, Heather K.; Bayles, Darrell O.; Alt, David P.; Stanton, Thad B.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tiedje, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM tiedjej@msu.edu; Thad.Stanton@ars.usda.gov RI Sul, Woo Jun/A-9291-2012 OI Sul, Woo Jun/0000-0002-7016-1454 FU Michigan State University's Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Initiative FX The authors thank Sam Humphrey, Uri Levine, and Lea Ann Hobbs for technical support; Vince Young for helpful conversations; the Michigan State University Crop and Soil Science statistical consultation center for statistical advice; and Rich Zuerner and Tom Casey for comments on the manuscript. The Michigan State University research was initiated under a grant from Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance and was supported by Michigan State University's Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Initiative. NR 50 TC 168 Z9 190 U1 23 U2 213 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1696 DI 10.1073/pnas.1120238109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 884TJ UT WOS:000299731400069 PM 22307632 ER PT J AU Li, F Pignatta, D Bendix, C Brunkard, JO Cohn, MM Tung, J Sun, HY Kumar, P Baker, B AF Li, Feng Pignatta, Daniela Bendix, Claire Brunkard, Jacob O. Cohn, Megan M. Tung, Jeffery Sun, Haoyu Kumar, Pavan Baker, Barbara TI MicroRNA regulation of plant innate immune receptors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS RESISTANCE; SIRNA BIOGENESIS; LATE BLIGHT; GENE-N; CELL-DEATH; POTATO; EVOLUTION; ARABIDOPSIS; TRANSCRIPTS; CLUSTERS AB Plant genomes contain large numbers of cell surface leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and intracellular nucleotide binding (NB)-LRR immune receptors encoded by resistance (R) genes that recognize specific pathogen effectors and trigger resistance responses. The unregulated expression of NB-LRR genes can trigger autoimmunity in the absence of pathogen infection and inhibit plant growth. Despite the potential serious consequence on agricultural production, the mechanisms regulating R-gene expression are not well understood. We identified microRNA (miRNA) progenitor genes precursor transcripts, and two miRNAs [nta-miR6019 (22-nt) and nta-miR6020 (21-nt)] that guide cleavage of transcripts of the Toll and Interleukin-1 receptor-NB-LRR immune receptor N from tobacco that confers resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). We further showed that cleavage by nta-miR6019 triggers RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6- and ribonuclease Dicer-like 4-dependent biogenesis of 21-nt secondary siRNAs "in phase" with the 22-nt miR6019 cleavage site. Furthermore, we found that processing of the 22-nt nta-miR6019 depended on an asymmetric bulge caused by mismatch in the nta-miR6019 precursor. Interestingly, coexpression of N with nta-miR6019 and nta-miR6020 resulted in attenuation of N-mediated resistance to TMV, indicating that these miRNAs have functional roles in NB-LRR regulation. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified six additional 22-nt miRNA and two 21-nt miRNA families from three Solanaceae species-tobacco, tomato, and potato. We show that members of these miRNA families cleave transcripts of predicted functional R genes and trigger production of phased secondary 21-nt siRNAs. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for miRNAs and secondary siRNAs in NB-LRR/LRR immune receptor gene regulation and pathogen resistance in Solanaceae. C1 [Li, Feng; Pignatta, Daniela; Bendix, Claire; Brunkard, Jacob O.; Cohn, Megan M.; Tung, Jeffery; Sun, Haoyu; Baker, Barbara] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Feng; Pignatta, Daniela; Bendix, Claire; Tung, Jeffery; Sun, Haoyu; Baker, Barbara] ARS, Plant Gene Express Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kumar, Pavan] Somagenics Inc, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Baker, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bbaker@berkeley.edu RI Luan, Gan/B-3211-2015; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Bendix, Claire/0000-0002-4723-8652 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0218166]; US Department of Agriculture [5335-22000-007-00D] FX We thank D. Hantz and J. Calfas for care of plants. National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Grant DBI-0218166 and US Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System Grant 5335-22000-007-00D supported this work. NR 34 TC 173 Z9 205 U1 13 U2 131 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1790 EP 1795 DI 10.1073/pnas.1118282109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 884TJ UT WOS:000299731400086 PM 22307647 ER PT J AU Cross, BM Feng, MY Rao, R Reinhardt, T AF Cross, Brandie M. Feng, Mingye Rao, Rajini Reinhardt, Tim TI Interactions Between Secretory Pathway Ca2+-ATPase 2 with TRP and Orai Channels Mediate Store Independent Ca2+Entry in Lactation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Cross, Brandie M.; Feng, Mingye; Rao, Rajini] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Reinhardt, Tim] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 102 IS 3 SU 1 BP 315A EP 315A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 179ZF UT WOS:000321561202182 ER PT J AU Kruse, JJ AF Kruse, James J. TI Description of Amorbimorpha Kruse, new genus, from Mexico and the southern United States (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Leaf-rollers; Lepidoptera; Mexico; morphology; new species; Sparganothini; systematics; Tortricidae ID SYSTEMATICS AB Amorbimorpha Kruse, new genus, is described and illustrated. The genus ranges from Texas, U.S.A., south through Veracruz, Mexico, with greatest species richness documented from the middle to upper elevations of central Mexico. Two species are described as new: A. powelliana (type species) and A. mackayiana; the latter is the only species in the genus known from the U.S.A. Also, two new combinations are proposed: A. schausiana (Walsingham, 1913) and A. spadicea (Walsingham, 1913). Male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species where known; A. spadicea is represented by a unique female. Limited biological and life history data are summarized based mainly on laboratory rearings from eggs deposited by confined females of A. powelliana. At least ten additional species remain to be described. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Fairbanks Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Kruse, JJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Fairbanks Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM jkruse@fs.fed.us FU NSF-PEET [NSF 97-21] FX Notes, photographs, and remarks compiled by J.A. Powell, University of California, Berkeley, and remarks and notes from the late R.L. Lambert's (1950) unpublished thesis were incorporated into this study. I am grateful to the following for assistance in fieldwork: J.W. Brown, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S.D.A., National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; J.A. Chemsak, University of California, Berkeley; D.K. Faulkner and N. Bloomfield, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California; and numerous other collectors, cited in the specimens examined, who were responsible for collecting and preparing specimens and making them available for examination. I thank Pang Chan and the Scientific Visualization Center in the Department of Integrative Biology at U.C. Berkeley and Derek Sikes, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, for the use of microscopes and digital cameras to create the illustrations; the plates were arranged by David Adamski. I thank Jerry Powell for photographs of female A. schausiana and A. spadicea housed at the BMNH, and Taina Litwak, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, for images of the genitalia of A. mackayiana. I thank the following whose cooperation enabled study of material in their care: J.A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley; J.W. Brown, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S.D.A., National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; J.P. Donahue, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California; D.K. Faulkner, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California; E.C. Knudson, Houston, Texas; E. Phillips-Rodriguez, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia; and K.R. Tuck, The Natural History Museum, London. I thank J.W. Brown and J.A. Powell for numerous discussions and suggestions on drafts of the manuscript which enhanced its clarity and quality. This project was made possible by an NSF-PEET grant (NSF 97-21) to F.A.H. Sperling and J.A. Powell. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 30 PY 2012 IS 3177 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 891UO UT WOS:000300242300003 ER PT J AU Bett-Garber, KL Champagne, ET Thomson, JL Lea, J AF Bett-Garber, Karen L. Champagne, Elaine T. Thomson, Jessica L. Lea, Jeanne TI Relating raw rice colour and composition to cooked rice colour SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE raw rice colour; cooked rice colour; amylose; protein AB BACKGROUND: The whiter the rice, the more it is preferred by consumers and the more value it has in the market place. The first objective of this study was to determine the interrelationships of raw colour, cooked colour, amylose content and protein content in rice. The second objective was to assess whether or not the colour of cooked rice can be predicted from raw rice colour in conjunction with amylose and protein contents. RESULTS: Protein and amylose contents were not significantly correlated with the colour measurements for raw rice. Protein and amylose showed moderate, significant associations with L* and a* and a*, b* and C* respectively for cooked rice. Only the colour variable a* of cooked rice could be predicted using protein, amylose and raw rice colour with high enough precision to be useful, and this was only for modelling using samples cooked in the samemanner (rice cooker). Cookingmethod (rice cooker versus excess water) affected the colour of cooked rice. CONCLUSION: Being able to predict a* in cooked rice is likely of limited value. Only the model that used samples where postharvest handling conditions were controlled (US-grown rice) was able to predict C*, a more usefulmeasure, and then with only moderate ability. L*, ameasure of brightness/ whiteness, was not predicted well by any of the models. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Bett-Garber, Karen L.; Champagne, Elaine T.; Thomson, Jessica L.; Lea, Jeanne] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Bett-Garber, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM karen.bett@ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN 30 PY 2012 VL 92 IS 2 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1002/jsfa.4573 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 860MG UT WOS:000297951800012 PM 21800324 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Archer, DW Spokas, K AF Gesch, R. W. Archer, D. W. Spokas, K. TI Can using polymer-coated seed reduce the risk of poor soybean emergence in no-tillage soil? SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soybean; Seedling emergence; Polymer seed coating; Sowing date; No-tillage ID PLANTING DATE; SOWING DATE; CORN-BELT; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; ROTATIONS; CULTIVAR; DENSITY; SYSTEMS AB Adoption of no-tillage in the northern Corn Belt has lagged behind other regions because of slow warming and drying of soils early in the spring coupled with a short growing season. Cold, wet soil can lead to seed damage resulting in poor stand establishment. Because of slow warming and drying, no-tilled soils are typically sown later than conventionally tilled systems thus often requiring the use of early maturing crop cultivars. Temperature-activated polymer seed coatings might allow soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] to be sown earlier than normal under no-tillage while protecting seed against damage caused by cold, wet soil and perhaps allow the use of later maturing cultivars. These ideas were tested during 2005 and 2006 in west central MN on a Barnes loam no-tilled soil previously cropped in corn (Zea mays L.). Polymer-coated seed of a maturity group (MG) 0 and I soybean were sown as early as possible (early- to mid-April) and at an average recommended time (mid-May) for the study site. Only in 2005 did the polymer coating significantly increase emergence (p < 0.0001). where maximum emergence of early sown polymer-coated seed of the MG 0 and I cultivars was 51 and 35% greater than their uncoated counterparts. Conversely, for the average sowing date in 2006, under unusually dry conditions, the polymer coating slowed seedling emergence and reduced maximum emergence, although yield was riot affected. Laboratory incubations confirmed that the germination delay of soybean caused by the polymer-coating increased by decreasing initial osmotic moisture potentials. The MG I soybean out yielded the earlier maturing cultivar in both years, but sowing date did not have a significant effect either year. Results indicate that temperature-activated polymer-coated seed may reduce the risk of poor stand establishment in no-tilled soil in instances where low soil temperatures cause seed to remain in the soil for a an extended time before emerging. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gesch, R. W.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Archer, D. W.] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND USA. [Spokas, K.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM russ.gesch@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 28 PY 2012 VL 125 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.09.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 889MQ UT WOS:000300078200012 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ Vigil, MF Nielsen, DC Benjamin, JG Poss, DJ AF Calderon, F. J. Vigil, M. F. Nielsen, D. C. Benjamin, J. G. Poss, D. J. TI Water use and yields of no-till managed dryland grasspea and yellow pea under different planting configurations SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Grasspea; Lathyrus; Pisum; Nitrogen; Water use efficiency ID SEASON GRAIN LEGUMES; LATHYRUS-SATIVUS; USE EFFICIENCY; SOYBEAN YIELD; WINTER-WHEAT; GREEN FALLOW; SEEDING RATE; ROW WIDTH; SYSTEMS; DATE AB Grasspea (GP) (Lathyrus sativus) is a drought-tolerant legume that can be grown for forage and grain. It has potential value to be used as a nitrogen-fixing crop in dryland rotations with non-legume grain crops. However, the agronomy of GP for the Central Great Plains region have not been investigated. The objective of this research was to compare the grain and biomass yield, as well as N accumulation of GP relative to field pea (FP) in two planting configurations. We carried out a 3-year field experiment to compare dryland GP with Admiral yellow field pea (Pisum sativum) in two configurations: (1) a wide row spacing with lower population (WL) with 76-cm rows with 75 kg seeds planted per ha, and (2) a narrower row spacing with a higher population (NH) with 19-cm rows with 136 kg seeds planted per ha. We measured the biomass, grain yield. N content, and soil water use. Our results show that the NH treatment out-yielded the WL treatment in both pea species. The GP had higher yield then FP on the lowest yielding year, while FP yielded better when overall yields were higher. Biomass production was also higher for the NH configuration, and GP was a higher biomass producer than FP over the 3-year study. The GP had higher N concentration in shoots and seed compared to FP, indicating higher N-fixing capacity. The FP matured faster than GP, and had marginally higher grain water use efficiency than GP. Our results show that GP is a viable alternative legume for the Central Great Plains, with comparable yields in low precipitation years. However, the longer growing season required by GP to mature has water use implications in years with reduced water availability in mid to late summer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Calderon, F. J.; Vigil, M. F.; Nielsen, D. C.; Benjamin, J. G.; Poss, D. J.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty RD GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 28 PY 2012 VL 125 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.08.006 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 889MQ UT WOS:000300078200019 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Kim, KH Jo, SH Jeon, EC Sohn, JR Parker, DB AF Kim, Yong-Hyun Kim, Ki-Hyun Jo, Sang-Hee Jeon, Eui-Chan Sohn, Jong Ryeul Parker, David B. TI Comparison of storage stability of odorous VOCs in polyester aluminum and polyvinyl fluoride Tedlar (R) bags SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Tedlar bag (PVF); Polyester bag (PEA); Relative recovery; Storage time; Sorptive loss AB Whole air sampling using containers such as flexible bags or rigid canisters is commonly used to collect samples of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air. The objective of this study was to compare the stability of polyester aluminum (PEA) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF, brand name Tedlar (R)) bags for gaseous VOC sampling. Eight VOC standards (benzene, toluene, p-xylene, styrene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate, and isobutyl alcohol) were placed into each bag at storage times of 0, 2, and 3 days prior to analyses by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From each bag representing each storage day, samples of 3 different mass loadings were withdrawn and analyzed to derive response factors (RF) of each chemical between the slope of the GC response (y-axis) vs. loaded mass (x-axis). The relative recoveries (RR) of VOC, if derived by dividing RF value of a given storage day by that of 0 day, varied by time, bag type, and VOC type. If the RR values after three days are compared, those of methyl isobutyl ketone were the highest with 96 (PVF) and 99% (PEA): however, the results of isobutyl alcohol were highly contrasting between the two bags with 31 and 94%, respectively. Differences in RR values between the two bag types increased with storage time, such that RR of PEA bags (88 +/- 10%) were superior to those of PVF bags (73 +/- 22%) after three days, demonstrating that VOC in PEA bags were more stable than in PVF bags. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Yong-Hyun; Kim, Ki-Hyun; Jo, Sang-Hee; Jeon, Eui-Chan] Sejong Univ, Dept Environm & Energy, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Sohn, Jong Ryeul] Korea Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Seoul 136703, South Korea. [Parker, David B.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Environm & Energy, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM khkim@sejong.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2009-0093848]; Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy [20100092] FX This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (no. 2009-0093848). The fourth author also acknowledges partial support made by the Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 20100092). NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 27 PY 2012 VL 712 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 898TM UT WOS:000300764700021 PM 22177080 ER PT J AU Panickar, KS Polansky, MM Graves, DJ Urban, JF Anderson, RA AF Panickar, K. S. Polansky, M. M. Graves, D. J. Urban, J. F., Jr. Anderson, R. A. TI A PROCYANIDIN TYPE A TRIMER FROM CINNAMON EXTRACT ATTENUATES GLIAL CELL SWELLING AND THE REDUCTION IN GLUTAMATE UPTAKE FOLLOWING ISCHEMIA-LIKE INJURY IN VITRO SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE type A polyphenol; ATP; brain edema; mPT; glutamine ID OXYGEN-GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; BRAIN EDEMA; CULTURED ASTROCYTES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; S100B SECRETION; ESSENTIAL OILS; RAT; CINNAMALDEHYDE; ANTIOXIDANT AB Dietary polyphenols exert neuroprotective effects in ischemic injury. The protective effects of a procyanidin type A trimer (trimer 1) isolated from a water soluble cinnamon extract (CE) were investigated on key features of ischemic injury, including cell swelling, increased free radical production, increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+](i)), mitochondrial dysfunction, and the reduction in glutamate uptake. Astrocyte (glial) swelling is a major component of cytotoxic brain edema in ischemia and, along with vasogenic edema, may contribute to increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation, and additional ischemic injuries. C6 glial cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 5 h, and cell swelling was determined at 90 min after the end of OGD. OGD-induced increases in glial swelling were significantly blocked by trimer 1, but not by the major non-polyphenol fractions of CE including cinnamaldehyde and coumarin. Increased free radical production, a contributing factor in cell swelling following ischemic injury, was also significantly reduced by trimer 1. Mitochondrial dysfunction, another key feature of ischemic injury, is hypothesized to contribute to glial swelling. Depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)) was assessed using a fluorescent dye (tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester [TMRE]), and was significantly attenuated by trimer 1 as was OGD-induced increased [Ca2+](i). Taken together with our previous observation that blockers of [Ca2+](i) reduce cell swelling, our results indicate that trimer 1 may attenuate cell swelling by regulating [Ca2+](i). Trimer 1 also significantly attenuated the OGD-induced decrease in glutamate uptake. In addition, cyclosporin A, a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability pore (mPT), but not FK506 (that does not block the mPT), reduced the OGD-induced decline in glutamate uptake indicating a role of the mPT in such effects. Thus, the effects of trimer 1 in attenuating the reduction in glutamate uptake are likely mediated through their action on the mitochondria. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. C1 [Panickar, K. S.; Polansky, M. M.; Urban, J. F., Jr.; Anderson, R. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Graves, D. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Panickar, KS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kiran.panickar@ars.usda.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU USDA CRIS [1235-51000-054-00D]; Diabetes Action and Research Foundation FX Supported by USDA CRIS Project # 1235-51000-054-00D and a grant from the Diabetes Action and Research Foundation. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 78 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PD JAN 27 PY 2012 VL 202 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.051 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 887DV UT WOS:000299908000009 PM 22166344 ER PT J AU Fouchier, RAM Garcia-Sastre, A Kawaoka, Y Barclay, WS Bouvier, NM Brown, IH Capua, I Chen, H Compans, RW Couch, RB Cox, NJ Doherty, PC Donis, RO Feldmann, H Guan, Y Katz, J Klenk, HD Kobinger, G Liu, JH Liu, XF Lowen, A Metten-Leiter, TC Osterhaus, ADME Palese, P Peiris, JSM Perez, DR Richt, JA Schultz-Cherry, S Steel, J Subbarao, K Swayne, DE Takimoto, T Tashiro, M Taubenberger, JK Thomas, PG Tripp, RA Tumpey, TM Webby, RJ Webster, RG AF Fouchier, Ron A. M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Kawaoka, Yoshihiro Barclay, Wendy S. Bouvier, Nicole M. Brown, Ian H. Capua, Ilaria Chen, Hualan Compans, Richard W. Couch, Robert B. Cox, Nancy J. Doherty, Peter C. Donis, Ruben O. Feldmann, Heinz Guan, Yi Katz, Jaqueline Klenk, H. D. Kobinger, Gary Liu, Jinhua Liu, Xiufan Lowen, Anice Metten-Leiter, Thomas C. Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. Palese, Peter Peiris, J. S. Malik Perez, Daniel R. Richt, Juergen A. Schultz-Cherry, Stacey Steel, John Subbarao, Kanta Swayne, David E. Takimoto, Toru Tashiro, Masato Taubenberger, Jeffery K. Thomas, Paul G. Tripp, Ralph A. Tumpey, Terrence M. Webby, Richard J. Webster, Robert G. TI Pause on Avian Flu Transmission Research SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.] Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Bouvier, Nicole M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Kawaoka, Yoshihiro] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Barclay, Wendy S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Med, London, England. [Bouvier, Nicole M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Brown, Ian H.] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Dept Virol, Addlestone KT15, Surrey, England. [Capua, Ilaria] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Venezie, I-35020 Padua, Italy. [Chen, Hualan] CAAS, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Compans, Richard W.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Influenza Pathogenesis & Immunol Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Couch, Robert B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Doherty, Peter C.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Immunol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Feldmann, Heinz] NIAID, Virol Lab, NIH, Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Guan, Yi] Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Emerging Infect Dis, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Katz, Jaqueline] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Klenk, H. D.] Inst Virol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. [Kobinger, Gary] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. [Liu, Jinhua] China Agr Univ, Dept Preventat Vet Med, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xiufan] Yangzhou Univ, Anim Infect Dis Lab, Sch Vet Med, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lowen, Anice] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Metten-Leiter, Thomas C.] Friedrich Loeffler Inst, D-17493 Greifswald, Germany. [Palese, Peter] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Peiris, J. S. Malik] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Peiris, J. S. Malik] Univ Hong Kong, HKU Pasteur Res Ctr, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Perez, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Schultz-Cherry, Stacey] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Steel, John] Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Subbarao, Kanta] NIAID, Emerging Resp Viruses Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Takimoto, Toru] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Tashiro, Masato] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Influenza Virus Res Ctr, Tokyo 208001, Japan. [Taubenberger, Jeffery K.] NIAID, Viral Pathogenesis & Evolut Sect, Lab Infect Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Thomas, Paul G.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Immunol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Tripp, Ralph A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Webster, Robert G.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Div Virol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Fouchier, RAM (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, 3000CA Rotterdam, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM r.fouchier@erasmusmc.nl RI Compans, Richard/I-4087-2013; Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014; Doherty, Peter Charles/C-4185-2013; OI Thomas, Paul G./0000-0001-7955-0256; Compans, Richard/0000-0003-2360-335X; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689; Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869; Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956; Bouvier, Nicole/0000-0002-4530-2841; Doherty, Peter Charles/0000-0002-5028-3489; Osterhaus, Albert/0000-0002-6074-1172; Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000986-01] NR 0 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 27 PY 2012 VL 335 IS 6067 BP 400 EP 401 DI 10.1126/science.1219412 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 881FG UT WOS:000299466800019 PM 22282787 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Zhou, CY Deng, XL Su, HA Chen, JC AF Wang, Xuefeng Zhou, Changyong Deng, Xiaoling Su, Huanan Chen, Jianchi TI Molecular characterization of a mosaic locus in the genome of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUANGLONGBING GREENING DISEASE; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; SAO-PAULO STATE; TANDEM REPEATS; CITRUS; SEQUENCE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIUM; BRAZIL; GENE AB Background: Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive disease of citrus production worldwide. 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', an unculturable alpha proteobacterium, is a putative pathogen of HLB. Information about the biology and strain diversity of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' is currently limited, inhibiting the scope of HLB research and control. Results: A genomic region (CLIBASIA_05640 to CLIBASIA_05650) of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' showing hyper-sequence variation or locus mosaicism was identified and investigated using 262 bacterial strains (188 from China and 74 from Florida). Based on the characteristic electrophoretic profiles of PCR amplicons generated by a specific primer set, eight electrophoretic types (E-types) were identified, six E-types (A, B, C, D, E, and F) in China and four E-types (A, C, G, and H) in Florida. The 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains from China consisted predominately of E-type A (71.3%) and E-type B (19.7%). In contrast, the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' strains from Florida was predominated by E-type G (82.4%). Diversity of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in China was also evidenced. Strains from the high altitude Yunnan Province consisted of five E-types with E-type B being the majority (62.8%), whereas strains from the low altitude coastal Guangdong Province consisted of only two E-types with E-type A as the majority (97.0%). Sequence analyses revealed that variation of DNA amplicons was due to insertion/deletion events at CLIBASIA_05650 and the downstream intergenic region. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the genomic mosaicism of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' resulted from active DNA insertion/deletion activities. Analyses of strain variation depicted the significant inter-and intra-continent diversity of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. C1 [Wang, Xuefeng; Zhou, Changyong; Su, Huanan] Southwest Univ, Citrus Res Inst, Natl Engn Res Ctr Citrus, Chongqing 400712, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jianchi] Agr Res Serv, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Deng, Xiaoling] S China Agr Univ, Citrus Huanglongbing Res Ctr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, CY (reprint author), Southwest Univ, Citrus Res Inst, Natl Engn Res Ctr Citrus, Chongqing 400712, Peoples R China. EM changyong@hotmail.com; jianchi.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Wang, Xuefeng/G-3065-2013 OI Wang, Xuefeng/0000-0002-9293-3427 FU California Citrus Research Board [5302-22000-008-25]; MOA's Public Benefit Research Foundation of China [201003067-02, 200903004-06]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT) [IRT0976]; MOA's '948' Project of China [2010-C23] FX Part of this research was partially supported by a California Citrus Research Board grant (5302-22000-008-25), MOA's Public Benefit Research Foundation of China (201003067-02; 200903004-06), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT, IRT0976) and MOA's '948' Project of China (2010-C23). We thank X. Sun, D. Jones and M. Irey for providing bacterial strain DNA. We thank E. Civerolo, C. Wallis and R. Lee for suggestions and critical review of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JAN 26 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 18 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-12-18 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 908IN UT WOS:000301484200001 PM 22280531 ER PT J AU Prescott, K Kroona, S Quinlisk, P Gipple, D Garvey, A Desjardin, L Jirsa, S Benfer, J Gomez, T Finelli, L Jhung, MA Jain, S Brammer, L Epperson, S Bresee, J Klimov, A Emery, S Lindstrom, S Trock, S Jernigan, D Cox, N Wong, K Greenbaum, A Storms, A Garg, S AF Prescott, Kari Kroona, Shelby Quinlisk, Patricia Gipple, Denyse Garvey, Ann Desjardin, Lucy Jirsa, Sandy Benfer, Jeff Gomez, Thomas Finelli, Lyn Jhung, Michael A. Jain, Seema Brammer, Lynnette Epperson, Scott Bresee, Joseph Klimov, Alexander Emery, Shannon Lindstrom, Stephen Trock, Susan Jernigan, Daniel Cox, Nancy Wong, Karen Greenbaum, Adena Storms, Aaron Garg, Shikha TI Limited Human-to-Human Transmission of Novel Influenza A (H3N2) Virus-Iowa, November 2011 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 60, pg 1615-1617, 2011) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SWINE INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SEASON C1 [Prescott, Kari] Webster Cty Hlth Dept, Ft Dodge, IA USA. [Kroona, Shelby] Hamilton Cty Publ Hlth, Webster, NY USA. [Quinlisk, Patricia; Gipple, Denyse; Garvey, Ann] Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. [Jirsa, Sandy; Benfer, Jeff] Univ Iowa, State Hygien Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gomez, Thomas] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Svc, Washington, DC USA. [Greenbaum, Adena; Storms, Aaron; Garg, Shikha] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mjhung@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 2012 VL 307 IS 4 BP 354 EP 357 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 881EP UT WOS:000299464000008 ER PT J AU Lamont, EA Bannantine, JP Armien, A Ariyakumar, DS Sreevatsan, S AF Lamont, Elise A. Bannantine, John P. Armien, Anibal Ariyakumar, Don Sanjiv Sreevatsan, Srinand TI Identification and Characterization of a Spore-Like Morphotype in Chronically Starved Mycobacterium avium Subsp Paratuberculosis Cultures SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; CROHNS-DISEASE; BACTERIAL-SPORES; DIPICOLINIC ACID; JOHNES-DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; SPORULATION; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT; INFECTIONS AB Mycobacteria are able to enter into a state of non-replication or dormancy, which may result in their chronic persistence in soil, aquatic environments, and permissive hosts. Stresses such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia provide environmental cues to enter a persistent state; however, a clear definition of the mechanism that mycobacteria employ to achieve this remains elusive. While the concept of sporulation in mycobacteria is not novel, it continues to spark controversy and challenges our perceptions of a non-replication. We investigated the potential role of sporulation in one-year old broth cultures of Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). We show that dormant cultures of MAP contain a mix of vegetative cells and a previously unknown morphotype resembling a spore. These spore-like structures can be enriched for using sporulating media. Furthermore, purified MAP spore forms survive exposure to heat, lysozyme and proteinase K. Heat-treated spores are positive for MAP 16SrRNA and IS900. MAP spores display enhanced infectivity as well as maintain acid-fast characteristics upon germination in a well-established bovine macrophage model. This is the first study to demonstrate a new MAP morphotype possessing spore-like qualities. Data suggest that sporulation may be a viable mechanism by which MAP accomplishes persistence in the host and/or environment. Thus, our current understanding of mycobacterial persistence, pathogenesis, epidemiology and rational drug and vaccine design may need to be reevaluated. C1 [Lamont, Elise A.; Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ariyakumar, Don Sanjiv] Univ Minnesota, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bannantine, John P.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Lamont, EA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sreev001@umn.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU USDA-CSREES [2008-55620-18710] FX This work was supported by Johne's Disease Integrated Program (USDA-CSREES 2008-55620-18710) awarded to Dr. Sreevatsan. No additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e30648 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030648 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 910LV UT WOS:000301639600040 PM 22292005 ER PT J AU Han, EJ Merwade, V Heathman, GC AF Han, Eunjin Merwade, Venkatesh Heathman, Gary C. TI Implementation of surface soil moisture data assimilation with watershed scale distributed hydrological model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; SWAT; Data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter; Cedar Creek; Indiana ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; CURVE NUMBER METHOD; NEAR-SURFACE; SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE; CATCHMENT-SCALE; RETRIEVAL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; METHODOLOGY; SIMULATION AB This paper aims to investigate how surface soil moisture data assimilation affects each hydrologic process and how spatially varying inputs affect the potential capability of surface soil moisture assimilation at the watershed scale. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is coupled with a watershed scale, semi-distributed hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to assimilate surface (5 cm) soil moisture. By intentionally setting inaccurate precipitation with open loop and EnKF scenarios in a synthetic experiment, the capability of surface soil moisture assimilation to compensate for the precipitation errors were examined. Results show that daily assimilation of surface soil moisture for each HRU improves model predictions especially reducing errors in surface and profile soil moisture estimation. Almost all hydrological processes associated with soil moisture are also improved with decreased root mean square error (RMSE) values through the EnKF scenario. The EnKF does not produce as much a significant improvement in streamflow predictions as compared to soil moisture estimates in the presence of large precipitation errors and the limitations of the infiltration-runoff model mechanism. Distributed errors of the soil water content also show the benefit of surface soil moisture assimilation and the influences of spatially varying inputs such as soil and landuse types. Thus, soil moisture update through data assimilation can be a supplementary way to overcome the errors created by inaccurate rainfall. Even though this synthetic study shows the potential of remotely sensed surface soil moisture measurements for applications of watershed scale water resources management, future studies are necessary that focus on the use of real-time observational data. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Eunjin; Merwade, Venkatesh] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Heathman, Gary C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Merwade, V (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ehan@purdue.edu; vmerwade@purdue.edu; Gary.Heathman@ars.usda.gov RI Merwade, Venkatesh/D-4387-2015; Han, Eunjin /G-4121-2013 OI Merwade, Venkatesh/0000-0001-5518-2890; Han, Eunjin /0000-0001-6208-7410 NR 69 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 24 PY 2012 VL 416 BP 98 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.11.039 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 898PW UT WOS:000300755300010 ER PT J AU Thomas, AP Dunn, TN Drayton, JB Oort, PJ Adams, SH AF Thomas, Anthony P. Dunn, Tamara N. Drayton, Josephine B. Oort, Pieter J. Adams, Sean H. TI A high calcium diet containing nonfat dry milk reduces weight gain and associated adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese mice when compared to high calcium alone SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Calcitriol; calcium; dairy; obesity; inflammation ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; AP2-AGOUTI TRANSGENIC MICE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DAIRY FOODS; VITAMIN-D; FAT; MACROPHAGES; CALCITONIN; METABOLISM; MANAGEMENT AB Background: High dietary calcium (Ca) is reported to have anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties. Evidence for these properties of dietary Ca in animal models of polygenic obesity have been confounded by the inclusion of dairy food components in experimental diets; thus, effect of Ca per se could not be deciphered. Furthermore, potential anti-inflammatory actions of Ca in vivo could not be dissociated from reduced adiposity. Methods: We characterized adiposity along with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed 1 of 3 high fat diets (45% energy) for 12 wk: control (n = 29), high-Ca (n = 30), or high-Ca + nonfat dry milk (NFDM) (n = 30). Results: Mice fed high-Ca + NFDM had reduced body weight and adiposity compared to high-Ca mice (P < 0.001). Surprisingly, the high-Ca mice had increased adiposity compared to lower-Ca controls (P < 0.001). Hyperphagia and increased feed efficiency contributed to obesity development in high-Ca mice, in contrast to NFDM mice that displayed significantly reduced weight gain despite higher energy intake compared to controls (P < 0.001). mRNA markers of macrophages (e. g., CD68, CD11d) strongly correlated with body weight in all diet treatment groups, and most treatment differences in WAT inflammatory factor mRNA abundances were lost when controlling for body weight gain as a covariate. Conclusions: The results indicate that high dietary Ca is not sufficient to dampen obesity-related phenotypes in DIO mice, and in fact exacerbates weight gain and hyperphagia. The data further suggest that putative anti-obesity properties of dairy emanate from food components beyond Ca. C1 [Thomas, Anthony P.; Dunn, Tamara N.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Drayton, Josephine B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oort, Pieter J.; Adams, Sean H.] ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adams, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sean.h.adams@ars.usda.gov FU intramural USDA-ARS [5306-51530-016-00D, 5306-51530-019-00]; National Dairy Council FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Trina Knotts for guidance and technical assistance with Western blot analyses and quantification of liver triglycerides, Jan Peerson for statistical analysis, and the UC Davis vivarium staff in helping care for the animals. Supported in part by intramural USDA-ARS Projects 5306-51530-016-00D and 5306-51530-019-00 and the National Dairy Council (grant administered by the Dairy Research Institute). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD JAN 23 PY 2012 VL 9 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-9-3 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 909RO UT WOS:000301582300001 PM 22269778 ER PT J AU Li, XB Yan, WG Agrama, H Jia, LM Jackson, A Moldenhauer, K Yeater, K McClung, A Wu, DX AF Li, Xiaobai Yan, Wengui Agrama, Hesham Jia, Limeng Jackson, Aaron Moldenhauer, Karen Yeater, Kathleen McClung, Anna Wu, Dianxing TI Unraveling the Complex Trait of Harvest Index with Association Mapping in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; YIELD-RELATED TRAITS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GREEN-REVOLUTION; CORE COLLECTION; GRAIN-YIELD AB Harvest index is a measure of success in partitioning assimilated photosynthate. An improvement of harvest index means an increase in the economic portion of the plant. Our objective was to identify genetic markers associated with harvest index traits using 203 O. sativa accessions. The phenotyping for 14 traits was conducted in both temperate (Arkansas) and subtropical (Texas) climates and the genotyping used 154 SSRs and an indel marker. Heading, plant height and weight, and panicle length had negative correlations, while seed set and grain weight/panicle had positive correlations with harvest index across both locations. Subsequent genetic diversity and population structure analyses identified five groups in this collection, which corresponded to their geographic origins. Model comparisons revealed that different dimensions of principal components analysis (PCA) affected harvest index traits for mapping accuracy, and kinship did not help. In total, 36 markers in Arkansas and 28 markers in Texas were identified to be significantly associated with harvest index traits. Seven and two markers were consistently associated with two or more harvest index correlated traits in Arkansas and Texas, respectively. Additionally, four markers were constitutively identified at both locations, while 32 and 24 markers were identified specifically in Arkansas and Texas, respectively. Allelic analysis of four constitutive markers demonstrated that allele 253 bp of RM431 had significantly greater effect on decreasing plant height, and 390 bp of RM24011 had the greatest effect on decreasing panicle length across both locations. Many of these identified markers are located either nearby or flanking the regions where the QTLs for harvest index have been reported. Thus, the results from this association mapping study complement and enrich the information from linkage-based QTL studies and will be the basis for improving harvest index directly and indirectly in rice. C1 [Li, Xiaobai; Jia, Limeng; Wu, Dianxing] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Collaborating Ctr, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Yan, Wengui; Jia, Limeng; Jackson, Aaron; McClung, Anna] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Li, Xiaobai] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Hort, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Agrama, Hesham; Jia, Limeng; Moldenhauer, Karen] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Yeater, Kathleen] ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, College Stn, TX USA. RP Li, XB (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Collaborating Ctr, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov; dxwu@zju.edu.cn FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX Funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e29350 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0029350 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 909NE UT WOS:000301570600005 PM 22291889 ER PT J AU Galbreath, KE Hoberg, EP AF Galbreath, Kurt E. Hoberg, Eric P. TI Return to Beringia: parasites reveal cryptic biogeographic history of North American pikas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Beringia; coevolution; helminth; host-parasite comparative phylogeography; Ochotona ID OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; LAGOMORPHA; HOST; DIVERSIFICATION; DIVERGENCE; PHYLOGENETICS; COLONIZATION; SPECIATION; NEMATODA AB Traditional concepts of the Bering Land Bridge as a zone of predominantly eastward expansion from Eurasia and a staging area for subsequent colonization of lower latitudes in North America led to early inferences regarding biogeographic histories of North American faunas, many of which remain untested. Here we apply a host-parasite comparative phylogeographical (HPCP) approach to evaluate one such history, by testing competing biogeographic hypotheses for five lineages of host-specific parasites shared by the collared pika (Ochotona collaris) and American pika (Ochotona princeps) of North America. We determine whether the southern host species (O. princeps) was descended from a northern ancestor or vice versa. Three parasite phylogenies revealed patterns consistent with the hypothesis of a southern origin, which is corroborated by four additional parasite lineages restricted to O. princeps. This finding reverses the traditional narrative for the origins of North American pikas and highlights the role of dispersal from temperate North America into Beringia in structuring northern diversity considerably prior to the Holocene. By evaluating multiple parasite lineages simultaneously, the study demonstrates the power of HPCP for resolving complex biogeographic histories that are not revealed by characteristics of the host alone. C1 [Galbreath, Kurt E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Galbreath, Kurt E.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Galbreath, KE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kurt.galbreath@wwu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0506042, DEB 0196095, DEB 0415668, DEB 0343526]; American Society of Mammalogists; Sigma Xi; Andrew Mellon Foundation (Cornell); American Museum of Natural History; Cornell Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Microsoft Corporation; US National Institutes of Health through Fogarty International Centre [EID TW001565-05] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (DEB 0506042 to K. E. G., DEB 0196095 and DEB 0415668 to E. P. H., DEB 0343526 to Kelly Zamudio), American Society of Mammalogists, Sigma Xi, Andrew Mellon Foundation (Cornell), American Museum of Natural History and Cornell Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. We used the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit at Cornell University, which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation. J. Cook, C. Dardia, M. Matocq, A. Barroll, S. Kiphart, K. Kiphart and K. Fryzel supported fieldwork. P. Allen and S. Stockwell provided computing assistance. Specimens were contributed by A. Veitch and R. Popko, the Beringian Coevolution Project and P Giraudoux, F. Raoul and J. P. Quere of the University of Franche-Comte who are supported by the US National Institutes of Health through the Fogarty International Centre (EID TW001565-05). K. Zamudio, R. Harrison, I. Lovette and two anonymous reviewers offered insightful comments on the manuscript. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 22 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1727 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1098/rspb.2011.0482 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 865ZL UT WOS:000298349300021 PM 21676975 ER PT J AU Bass, AE Philipp, D Coffey, KP Caldwell, JD Rhein, RT Young, AN Coblentz, WK AF Bass, A. E. Philipp, D. Coffey, K. P. Caldwell, J. D. Rhein, R. T. Young, A. N. Coblentz, W. K. TI Chemical composition, intake by sheep, and in situ disappearance in cannulated cows of bermudagrass hayed at two moisture concentrations and treated with a non-viable Lactobacillus-lactic acid preservative SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bermudagrass; Hay preservative; Dry matter disappearance ID DETERGENT-INSOLUBLE NITROGEN; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ALFALFA HAY; DIGESTION KINETICS; DRY-MATTER; STORAGE; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; QUALITY; IMPACT AB Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is commonly used for grazing and haying in the southern USA, but hay curing can be challenging due to frequent rainfall events during spring and early summer. An existing stand of 'Greenfield' bermudagrass was divided into 12 plots using a randomized complete block design with a 2x2 factorial treatment arrangement to evaluate the influence of a non-viable Lactobacillus-lactic acid preservative and moisture concentration at baling on chemical composition, intake by sheep, and in situ disappearance in cattle. At time of mowing, half of the plots in each block were either spray-treated (T) or not treated (U) with 81 mL/t forage dry matter (DM) of the preservative solution. Hay was then baled at target moisture concentrations of either 174 g/kg DM (L) or 267 g/kg DM (H). Maximum temperature and heating degree days were greater (P<0.05) from H compared with L during the 42-d storage period. An interaction between spray and moisture treatments tended (P<0.10) to affect recovery of DM; recoveries for LT (0.992) differed (P<0.10) from HT (0.913), but LU and HU were intermediate between the spray-treated hays, and did not differ from either (P>0.10). Post-storage nutritive value was largely influenced by moisture treatments only. Intake and digestibility, and in situ DM disappearance of these same hays were determined using 16 wether lambs (43 +/- 3.7 kg initial BW), or six ruminally cannulated cows (617 +/- 3.5 kg initial BW), respectively. Dry matter intake by sheep was not affected by either treatment factor (P>0.05), but DM digestibility and digestible DM intake were greater (P<0.05) from U compared with T. The in situ immediately soluble DM portion was greater from (P<0.05) L compared with H, but the reverse was true for the potentially degradable DM fraction. The lag time tended (P<0.10) to be greater from H compared with L Treating bermudagrass with a non-viable Lactobacillus acidophilus-lactic acid spray product at time of baling may not offset the negative effects on forage quality and digestibility of baling bermudagrass hay at excessive moisture concentrations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bass, A. E.; Philipp, D.; Coffey, K. P.; Caldwell, J. D.; Rhein, R. T.; Young, A. N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Philipp, D (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, AFLS B114, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dphilipp@uark.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN 20 PY 2012 VL 171 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.09.018 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 881DM UT WOS:000299460700006 ER PT J AU Wang, H Penmetsa, RV Yuan, M Gong, LM Zhao, YL Guo, BZ Farmer, AD Rosen, BD Gao, JL Isobe, S Bertioli, DJ Varshney, RK Cook, DR He, GH AF Wang, Hui Penmetsa, R. Varma Yuan, Mei Gong, Limin Zhao, Yongli Guo, Baozhu Farmer, Andrew D. Rosen, Benjamin D. Gao, Jinliang Isobe, Sachiko Bertioli, David J. Varshney, Rajeev K. Cook, Douglas R. He, Guohao TI Development and characterization of BAC-end sequence derived SSRs, and their incorporation into a new higher density genetic map for cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP; RUST RESISTANCE; A-HYPOGAEA; MARKERS; GENOME; POLYMORPHISM; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; LEGUMINOSAE AB Background: Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop worldwide, valued for its edible oil and digestible protein. It has a very narrow genetic base that may well derive from a relatively recent single polyploidization event. Accordingly molecular markers have low levels of polymorphism and the number of polymorphic molecular markers available for cultivated peanut is still limiting. Results: Here, we report a large set of BAC-end sequences (BES), use them for developing SSR (BES-SSR) markers, and apply them in genetic linkage mapping. The majority of BESs had no detectable homology to known genes (49.5%) followed by sequences with similarity to known genes (44.3%), and miscellaneous sequences (6.2%) such as transposable element, retroelement, and organelle sequences. A total of 1,424 SSRs were identified from 36,435 BESs. Among these identified SSRs, dinucleotide (47.4%) and trinucleotide (37.1%) SSRs were predominant. The new set of 1,152 SSRs as well as about 4,000 published or unpublished SSRs were screened against two parents of a mapping population, generating 385 polymorphic loci. A genetic linkage map was constructed, consisting of 318 loci onto 21 linkage groups and covering a total of 1,674.4 cM, with an average distance of 5.3 cM between adjacent loci. Two markers related to resistance gene homologs (RGH) were mapped to two different groups, thus anchoring 1 RGH-BAC contig and 1 singleton. Conclusions: The SSRs mined from BESs will be of use in further molecular analysis of the peanut genome, providing a novel set of markers, genetically anchoring BAC clones, and incorporating gene sequences into a linkage map. This will aid in the identification of markers linked to genes of interest and map-based cloning. C1 [He, Guohao] Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Wang, Hui; Yuan, Mei] Shandong Peanut Res Inst, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Penmetsa, R. Varma; Rosen, Benjamin D.; Gao, Jinliang; Cook, Douglas R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Hui; Zhao, Yongli] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. [Guo, Baozhu] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Farmer, Andrew D.] NCGR, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Isobe, Sachiko] Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. [Bertioli, David J.] Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Varshney, Rajeev K.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP He, GH (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hguohao@mytu.tuskegee.edu RI Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014 OI Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-0605251]; USDA/CSREES [2006-38814-17489] FX Authors are thankful to National Science Foundation (NSF, DBI-0605251) and USDA/CSREES/Capacity Building Program (#2006-38814-17489) for supporting this research. NR 62 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JAN 19 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-12-10 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 908KX UT WOS:000301490400001 PM 22260238 ER PT J AU Davidson, EA de Araujo, AC Artaxo, P Balch, JK Brown, IF Bustamante, MMC Coe, MT DeFries, RS Keller, M Longo, M Munger, JW Schroeder, W Soares, BS Souza, CM Wofsy, SC AF Davidson, Eric A. de Araujo, Alessandro C. Artaxo, Paulo Balch, Jennifer K. Brown, I. Foster Bustamante, Mercedes M. C. Coe, Michael T. DeFries, Ruth S. Keller, Michael Longo, Marcos Munger, J. William Schroeder, Wilfrid Soares-Filho, Britaldo S. Souza, Carlos M., Jr. Wofsy, Steven C. TI The Amazon basin in transition SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID ABOVEGROUND LIVE BIOMASS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZONIA; RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-COVER; SOUTHEASTERN AMAZONIA; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT; VERTICAL PROFILES AB Agricultural expansion and climate variability have become important agents of disturbance in the Amazon basin. Recent studies have demonstrated considerable resilience of Amazonian forests to moderate annual drought, but they also show that interactions between deforestation, fire and drought potentially lead to losses of carbon storage and changes in regional precipitation patterns and river discharge. Although the basin-wide impacts of land use and drought may not yet surpass the magnitude of natural variability of hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles, there are some signs of a transition to a disturbance-dominated regime. These signs include changing energy and water cycles in the southern and eastern portions of the Amazon basin. C1 [Davidson, Eric A.; Balch, Jennifer K.; Brown, I. Foster; Coe, Michael T.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [de Araujo, Alessandro C.] Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. [de Araujo, Alessandro C.] Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Expt Amazonia LB, INPA, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Artaxo, Paulo] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Balch, Jennifer K.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Brown, I. Foster] Univ Fed Acre, BR-69915900 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. [Bustamante, Mercedes M. C.] Univ Brasilia, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [DeFries, Ruth S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Keller, Michael] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Keller, Michael] Embrapa Monitoramento Satelite, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Longo, Marcos; Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schroeder, Wilfrid] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Soares-Filho, Britaldo S.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Ctr Sensoriamento Remoto, BR-31270900 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Souza, Carlos M., Jr.] Imazon, Ctr Geotecnol Imazon, BR-66060160 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Davidson, EA (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM edavidson@whrc.org RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Brown, Irving Foster/J-3766-2014; Longo, Marcos/F-5033-2014; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Brown, Irving Foster/0000-0003-1877-0866; Longo, Marcos/0000-0001-5062-6245; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X FU Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT); National Institute for Space Research (INPE); National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA); NASA [NNX08AF63A, NNX11AF20G] FX We thank the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT), the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) and the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) for designing, leading and managing the LBA project. We also thank D. Wickland (NASA) for more than a decade of leadership and support for the LBA-Eco project component of LBA. We thank the LBA-Eco team members who contributed to discussions on an early draft of this manuscript at a workshop in Foz do Iguacu in August 2010, and S. Saleska for comments on the manuscript. We thank P. Lefebvre and W. Kingerlee for assistance with figure and manuscript preparation. Development of this manuscript was supported by NASA grants NNX08AF63A and NNX11AF20G. NR 100 TC 258 Z9 265 U1 16 U2 335 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 19 PY 2012 VL 481 IS 7381 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1038/nature10717 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877VK UT WOS:000299210600034 PM 22258611 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, J Zhang, RW Fan, XE Chen, HJ AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James Zhang, Ren-Wei Fan, Xian-E Chen, Hui-Jia TI Quantitation of the Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives and the Glycosides of Flavonols and Flavones by UV Absorbance after Identification by LC-MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE quantitation; UV absorbance; flavonol glycosides; flavone glycosides; hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; molar relative response factors; foods ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHINENSIS VAR. COMMUNIS; BRASSICA-JUNCEA COSS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIODE-ARRAY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; MUSTARD GREENS; DAD-ESI/MS; QUANTIFICATION AB A general approach was developed to quantify hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and the glycosides of flavonols and flavones using UV molar relative response factors (MRRFs). More than 90 standards were analyzed by LC-MS and divided into five groups based on the lambda(max) of their band I absorbance profiles. For each group, a commercially available standard was chosen as the group reference standard. Response factors were determined for each standard in each group as purchased (MRRF) and, when possible, after vacuum drying (MRRFD). The MRRFD values for 17 compounds whose lambda(max) values fell within +/- 2 nm of the group reference standard were 1.01 +/- 0.03. MRRF values for compounds whose lambda(max) values fell within +/- 10 nm of the group reference standard were 0.96 +/- 0.13. Group reference standards were used to quantify 44 compounds in Chinese lettuce, red onion, and white tea. This approach allows quantitation of numerous compounds for which there are no standards. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James] Agr Res Serv, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhang, Ren-Wei; Fan, Xian-E; Chen, Hui-Jia] Longjin Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Wujiadui, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 18 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 544 EP 553 DI 10.1021/jf204612t PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 882SQ UT WOS:000299584600002 PM 22136064 ER PT J AU Xu, ZT Zhong, F Li, Y Shoemaker, CF Yokoyama, WH Xia, WS AF Xu, Zhiting Zhong, Fang Li, Yue Shoemaker, Charles F. Yokoyama, Wallace H. Xia, Wenshui TI Effect of Polysaccharides on the Gelatinization Properties of Cornstarch Dispersions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polysaccharide; cornstarch; pasting; swelling; gelatinization; retrogradation ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CORN STARCH; KONJAC-GLUCOMANNAN; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; WHEAT-STARCH; RETROGRADATION; AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN; SYSTEMS; INCOMPATIBILITY AB Konjac glucomannan (KG, neutral), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, negatively charged), and chitosan (positively charged) were added to cornstarch dispersions to study the effect of polysaccharide-starch interactions on starch gelatinization properties. Pasting and retrogradation properties were measured with a rheometer and DSC. Swelling properties of the starch granules were determined by solubility index, swelling power, and particle size distribution. Depending on the nature of the different polysaccharides, viscosities of cornstarch dispersions were affected differently. The particle size distributions were not influenced by the addition of any of the polysaccharides. Swelling results showed that the KG and CMC molecules interacted with the released or partly released amylose in the cornstarch dispersions. This was correlated with the short-term retrogradation of the starch pastes being retarded by the additions of KG and CMC. However, the chitosan molecules appeared not to associate with the amylose, so the retrogradation of the chitosan cornstarch dispersions was not retarded. C1 [Xu, Zhiting; Zhong, Fang; Li, Yue; Xia, Wenshui] Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. [Shoemaker, Charles F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yokoyama, Wallace H.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhong, F (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China. EM fzhong@jiangnan.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871744, 30901000, 31171686]; 111 Project [B07029]; [SKLF-MB-200805]; [PCSIRT062] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 30871744, 30901000, and 31171686), SKLF-MB-200805, 111 Project-B07029, and PCSIRT062. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 18 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 658 EP 664 DI 10.1021/jf204042m PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 882SQ UT WOS:000299584600015 PM 22224479 ER PT J AU Schoennagel, T Veblen, TT Negron, JF Smith, JM AF Schoennagel, Tania Veblen, Thomas T. Negron, Jose F. Smith, Jeremy M. TI Effects of Mountain Pine Beetle on Fuels and Expected Fire Behavior in Lodgepole Pine Forests, Colorado, USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CROWN FIRE; STAND CHARACTERISTICS; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; WESTERN; SEVERITY; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY AB In Colorado and southern Wyoming, mountain pine beetle (MPB) has affected over 1.6 million ha of predominantly lodgepole pine forests, raising concerns about effects of MPB-caused mortality on subsequent wildfire risk and behavior. Using empirical data we modeled potential fire behavior across a gradient of wind speeds and moisture scenarios in Green stands compared three stages since MPB attack (Red [1-3 yrs], Grey [4-10 yrs], and Old-MPB [similar to 30 yrs]). MPB killed 50% of the trees and 70% of the basal area in Red and Grey stages. Across moisture scenarios, canopy fuel moisture was one-third lower in Red and Grey stages compared to the Green stage, making active crown fire possible at lower wind speeds and less extreme moisture conditions. More-open canopies and high loads of large surface fuels due to treefall in Grey and Old-MPB stages significantly increased surface fireline intensities, facilitating active crown fire at lower wind speeds (>30-55 km/hr) across all moisture scenarios. Not accounting for low foliar moistures in Red and Grey stages, and large surface fuels in Grey and Old-MPB stages, underestimates the occurrence of active crown fire. Under extreme burning conditions, minimum wind speeds for active crown fire were 25-35 km/hr lower for Red, Grey and Old-MPB stands compared to Green. However, if transition to crown fire occurs (outside the stand, or within the stand via ladder fuels or wind gusts >65 km/hr), active crown fire would be sustained at similar wind speeds, suggesting observed fire behavior may not be qualitatively different among MPB stages under extreme burning conditions. Overall, the risk (probability) of active crown fire appears elevated in MPB-affected stands, but the predominant fire hazard (crown fire) is similar across MPB stages and is characteristic of lodgepole pine forests where extremely dry, gusty weather conditions are key factors in determining fire behavior. C1 [Schoennagel, Tania] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schoennagel, Tania; Veblen, Thomas T.; Smith, Jeremy M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negron, Jose F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Schoennagel, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tschoe@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [0743498] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant # 0743498): www.nsf.gov. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e30002 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030002 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907XU UT WOS:000301454400047 PM 22272268 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Malone, RW Gronberg, JA Thorp, KR Ma, LW AF Nolan, Bernard T. Malone, Robert W. Gronberg, Jo Ann Thorp, Kelly R. Ma, Liwang TI Verifiable Metamodels for Nitrate Losses to Drains and Groundwater in the Corn Belt, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; WATER-QUALITY MODEL; UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURAL SETTINGS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; CROP YIELD; CONTAMINATION; VULNERABILITY; SOIL; IOWA AB Nitrate leaching in the unsaturated zone poses a risk to groundwater, whereas nitrate in tile drainage is conveyed directly to streams. We developed metamodels (MMs) consisting of artificial neural networks to simplify and upscale mechanistic fate and transport models for prediction of nitrate losses by drains and leaching in the Corn Belt, USA. The two final MMs predicted nitrate concentration and flux, respectively, in the shallow subsurface. Because each MM considered both tile drainage and leaching, they represent an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment. The MMs used readily available data comprising farm fertilizer nitrogen (N), weather data, and soil properties as inputs; therefore, they were well suited for regional extrapolation. The MMs effectively related the outputs of the underlying mechanistic model (Root Zone Water Quality Model) to the inputs (R-2 = 0.986 for the nitrate concentration MM). Predicted nitrate concentration was compared with measured nitrate in 38 samples of recently recharged groundwater, yielding a Pearson's r of 0.466 (p = 0.003). Predicted nitrate generally was higher than that measured in groundwater, possibly as a result of the time-lag for modern recharge to reach well screens, denitrification in groundwater, or interception of recharge by tile drains. In a qualitative comparison, predicted nitrate concentration also compared favorably with results from a previous regression model that predicted total N in streams. C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gronberg, Jo Ann] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thorp, Kelly R.] USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ma, Liwang] USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM btnolan@usgs.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 901 EP 908 DI 10.1021/es202875e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200044 PM 22129446 ER PT J AU Wilson, TO McNeal, FM Spatari, S Abler, DG Adler, PR AF Wilson, Thomas O. McNeal, Frederick M. Spatari, Sabrina Abler, David G. Adler, Paul R. TI Densified Biomass Can Cost-Effectively Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Address Energy Security in Thermal Applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; SWITCHGRASS PANICUM-VIRGATUM; UNITED-STATES; SCALE PRODUCTION; ETHANOL; ELECTRICITY; LOGISTICS; BENEFITS; FUELS; FLUX AB Regional supplies of biomass are currently being evaluated as feedstocks in energy applications to meet renewable portfolio (RPS) and low carbon fuel standards. We investigate the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and associated abatement costs resulting from using densified switchgrass for thermal and electrical energy. In contrast to the large and positive abatement costs for using biomass in electricity generation ($149/Mg CO(2)e) due to the low cost of coal and high feedstock and power plant operation costs, abatement costs for replacing fuel oil with biomass in thermal applications are large and negative (-$52 to -$92/Mg CO(2)e), resulting in cost savings. Replacing fuel oil with biomass in thermal applications results in least cost reductions compared to replacing coal in electricity generation, an alternative that has gained attention due to RPS legislation and the centralized production model most often considered in U.S. policy. Our estimates indicate a more than doubling of liquid fuel displacement when switchgrass is substituted for fuel oil as opposed to gasoline, suggesting that, in certain U.S. locations, such as the northeast, densified biomass would help to significantly decarbonize energy supply with regionally sourced feedstock, while also reducing imported oil. On the basis of supply projections from the recently released Billion Ton Report, there will be enough sustainably harvested biomass available in the northeast by 2022 to offset the entirety of heating oil demand in the same region. This will save NE consumers between $2.3 and $3.9 billion annually. Diverting the same resource to electricity generation would cost the region $7.7 billion per year. While there is great need for finding low carbon substitutes for coal power and liquid transportation fuels in the U.S., we argue that in certain regions it makes cost- (and GHG mitigation-) effective sense to phase out liquid heating fuels with locally produced biomass first. C1 [McNeal, Frederick M.; Adler, Paul R.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wilson, Thomas O.; Abler, David G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Spatari, Sabrina] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM paul.adler@ars.usda.gov RI Spatari, Sabrina/C-2343-2012 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1270 EP 1277 DI 10.1021/es202752b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876VQ UT WOS:000299136200089 PM 22107056 ER PT J AU Carriere, Y Ellers-Kirk, C Hartfield, K Larocque, G Degain, B Dutilleul, P Dennehy, TJ Marsh, SE Crowder, DW Li, XC Ellsworth, PC Naranjo, SE Palumbo, JC Fournier, A Antilla, L Tabashnik, BE AF Carriere, Yves Ellers-Kirk, Christa Hartfield, Kyle Larocque, Guillaume Degain, Ben Dutilleul, Pierre Dennehy, Timothy J. Marsh, Stuart E. Crowder, David W. Li, Xianchun Ellsworth, Peter C. Naranjo, Steven E. Palumbo, John C. Fournier, Al Antilla, Larry Tabashnik, Bruce E. TI Large-scale, spatially-explicit test of the refuge strategy for delaying insecticide resistance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE pesticide resistance; predictive evolutionary models; pest management; resistance management ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; BT CROPS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; FITNESS COSTS; TABACI; PYRIPROXYFEN; ALEYRODIDAE; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB The refuge strategy is used worldwide to delay the evolution of pest resistance to insecticides that are either sprayed or produced by transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops. This strategy is based on the idea that refuges of host plants where pests are not exposed to an insecticide promote survival of susceptible pests. Despite widespread adoption of this approach, large-scale tests of the refuge strategy have been problematic. Here we tested the refuge strategy with 8 y of data on refuges and resistance to the insecticide pyriproxyfen in 84 populations of the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) from cotton fields in central Arizona. We found that spatial variation in resistance to pyriproxyfen within each year was not affected by refuges of melons or alfalfa near cotton fields. However, resistance was negatively associated with the area of cotton refuges and positively associated with the area of cotton treated with pyriproxyfen. A statistical model based on the first 4 y of data, incorporating the spatial distribution of cotton treated and not treated with pyriproxyfen, adequately predicted the spatial variation in resistance observed in the last 4 y of the study, confirming that cotton refuges delayed resistance and treated cotton fields accelerated resistance. By providing a systematic assessment of the effectiveness of refuges and the scale of their effects, the spatially explicit approach applied here could be useful for testing and improving the refuge strategy in other crop-pest systems. C1 [Carriere, Yves; Ellers-Kirk, Christa; Degain, Ben; Crowder, David W.; Li, Xianchun; Ellsworth, Peter C.; Palumbo, John C.; Fournier, Al; Tabashnik, Bruce E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hartfield, Kyle; Marsh, Stuart E.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Larocque, Guillaume; Dutilleul, Pierre] McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Dennehy, Timothy J.] Bayer Crop Sci Ltd Partnership, Global Insecticide Resistance Management, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Crowder, David W.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ellsworth, Peter C.; Fournier, Al] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Arizona Pest Management Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Naranjo, Steven E.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Antilla, Larry] Arizona Cotton Res & Protect Council, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Carriere, Y (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ycarrier@ag.arizona.edu OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830; Larocque, Guillaume/0000-0002-5967-9156 FU Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences; Arizona Cotton Research and Protection Council; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Research Initiative [2007-02227]; USDA [0207436]; Arizona Department of Agriculture [SCBGPFB0909, SCBGPFB1004] FX B.E.T. received support for research not related to this publication from the following sources: Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences. B.E.T. is also a co-author of a patent application on engineering modified Bt toxins to counter pest resistance. T.J.D. is employed by a commercial company, Bayer CropScience, which provides transgenic crops for the control of pests.; We thank the Arizona Cotton Research and Protection Council, and Manda Cattaneo, Barron Orr, Cho-Ying Huang, Magfurar Rahman, Virginia Barkley, Bailey Stuart, Goya Lizarraga, Francisco Bojorquez, Gilberto Castro, Robyn Ollerton, Andreanna Thacker, Julianne Trejo, and Jose Partida, for providing support in identification of crops. This study was supported by US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Project 2007-02227, USDA Risk Assessment and Mitigation ProgramProject 0207436, and Grants SCBGPFB0909 and SCBGPFB1004 from the Arizona Department of Agriculture's Specialty Crop Block Grant Program. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 67 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1073/pnas.1117851109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877CK UT WOS:000299154000032 PM 22215605 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Genovese, KJ He, HQ Swaggerty, CL Jiang, YW AF Kogut, Michael H. Genovese, Kenneth J. He, Haiqi Swaggerty, Christina L. Jiang, Yi Wei TI BT cationic peptides: Small peptides that modulate innate immune responses of chicken heterophils and monocytes SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial peptide; Innate immunity; Heterophils; Monocytes; Chickens; Priming ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE; HOST-DEFENSE PEPTIDES; ORGAN INVASION; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; LEGHORN CHICKS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES; OXIDATIVE BURST; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Neonatal poultry exhibit a transient susceptibility to infectious diseases during the first week of life that stems from inefficient host defense mechanisms. Yet, the initial host immune response to pathogens is a critical determinant of disease resistance and susceptibility. With this context in mind, novel ways to stimulate or modulate the hosts' natural immune response is emerging as an important area of interest for food animal producers including the poultry industry. Specifically, we have been investigating new modulation strategies tailored around the selective stimulation of the host's immune system, and particularly rapid acting innate immunity, as an alternative to direct targeting of microbial pathogens. One such approach that we have been investigating is the use of a group of cationic peptides produced by a Gram-positive soil bacterium. Brevibacillus texasporus (BT peptides). We have previously shown that, provided as a feed additive, BT peptides significantly induced a concentration-dependent protection against cecal colonization and extraintestinal colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). This protection is not the result of direct antibacterial activity of the BT peptides on the SE since the concentrations used were below the minimum inhibitory concentration for SE. We also found that BT are not absorbed in the intestine, but still induce a significant up-regulation in the functional efficiency of peripheral blood heterophils and monocytes. The mechanisms of this immune modulation are unknown. Here, using in vitro models for measuring: (1) leukocyte oxidative burst, (2) changes in leukocyte cytokine and chemokines gene expression profiles, and (3) phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in leukocytes, we evaluated the role of BT peptides as priming mediators for heterophil and monocyte responses at the level of cell function, gene transcription/expression, and cell phosphorylation following stimulation with inflammatory agonists. BT peptides primed both heterophils and monocytes for an increased oxidative burst and up-regulation in transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 and inflammatory chemokines CXCLi1 and CXCLi2 induced by inflammatory agonists. In addition, BT peptides induced a rapid (10 min) phosphorylation and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 kinase pathways in primary chicken heterophils. Taken together, we conclude that BT peptides, acting through MAPK pathways, enhance leukocyte functional and pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene transcription activities. These small cationic peptides may prove useful as immune modulators in neonatal poultry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kogut, Michael H.; Genovese, Kenneth J.; He, Haiqi; Swaggerty, Christina L.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Jiang, Yi Wei] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Genet, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mike.kogut@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.10.023 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 903YL UT WOS:000301159200017 PM 22129785 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH He, HQ Genovese, KJ AF Kogut, Michael H. He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. TI Bacterial toll-like receptor agonists induce sequential NF-kappa B-mediated leukotriene B-4 and prostaglandin E-2 production in chicken heterophils SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leukotriene; Prostaglandin; Heterophils; Chickens; Toll-like receptors; Innate immunity; Inflammation ID PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; SELECTIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITORS; HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID AVAILABILITY; CHEMOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-KINASE-A; HUMAN MAST-CELLS; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Studies of the response of the primary avian polymorphonuclear leukocyte, the heterophil, to microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) through toll-like receptors (TLR) has concentrated on the activation of the respiratory burst, release of intracellular granules, and the induction of cytokine and chemokine expression. Virtually no studies have been described on the role of lipid mediators, leukotrienes and prostaglandins, as effectors of the avian inflammatory response. We have previously shown that flagellin (FLG), the bacterial lipoprotein mimic palmitoly-3-cysteine-serine-lysine-4 (PAM), and unmethylated CpG motifs of bacteria DNA (CpG) are all potent activators of the avian innate immune system. In the present studies, we hypothesized that FLG, PAM, and CpG are also capable of eliciting the production of these lipid mediators of inflammation by avian heterophils. Compared to non-stimulated control heterophils, all three TLR agonists were potent inducers (3-5-fold increase) of a rapid production (30 min) of leukotriene B-4 (LTB4) followed by a later release (60-120 min) of prostaglandin (PGE(2)) by the heterophils. LTB4 and PGE(2) production were derived from lipoxygenase-5 (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activities, respectively, as the selective 5-LO (caffeic acid) and COX-2 (NS-398) inhibitors eliminated LTB4 and PGE(2) production from the MAMP-stimulated heterophils. These results demonstrate that both the lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase pathways are operational in avian heterophils in response to bacterial MAMPs. Treatment of heterophils with either FLG, PAM, or CpG also induced a significant increase in DNA binding by NF-kappa B family members' p50, c-Rel, and RelB. Additionally, the production of LTB4 and PGE(2) were inhibited following treatment of heterophils with the specific pharmacologic inhibitor of NF-kappa B (Bay 11-7086), thus suggesting that TLR pathway activation of NF-kappa B controls LTB4 and PGE(2) production. This the first report of the production of lipid mediators of inflammation by avian heterophils in response to PAMPs. Since FLG, lipoproteins, and bacterial CpG DNA are abundant during bacterial infections, these data support their role in the inflammatory response mediated by avian heterophils. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kogut, Michael H.; He, Haiqi; Genovese, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mike.kogut@ars.usda.gov NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.003 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 903YL UT WOS:000301159200018 PM 22119018 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Klesius, PH Mu, XJ Yancey, RJ Kievit, MS Dominowski, PJ AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Klesius, Phillip H. Mu, Xingjiang Yancey, Robert J. Kievit, Michele S. Dominowski, Paul J. TI Efficacy of QCDCR formulated CpG ODN 2007 in Nile tilapia against Streptococcus iniae and identification of upregulated genes SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus iniae; Oreochromis niloticus; Subtractive hybridization; Upregulation; CpG oligodeoxynucleotide ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ATLANTIC SALMON; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; BACTERIAL CHALLENGE; EXPRESSION PROFILE; MULTIPLE GENES; DNA; INFECTION AB The potential of using a QCDCR (quilA:cholesterol:dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide:carbopol:R1005 glycolipid) formulated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), ODN 2007, to confer protection in Nile tilapia against Streptococcus iniae infection was evaluated in this study. At two days post treatment, QCDCR formulated ODN 2007 elicited significant (P < 0.05) protection to Nile tilapia, with relative percent survival of 63% compared to fish treated by QCDCR alone. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective immunity elicited by ODN 2007, suppression subtractive cDNA hybridization technique was used to identify upregulated genes induced by ODN 2007. A total of 69 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from the subtractive cDNA library. Quantitative PCR revealed that 44 ESTs were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated by ODN 2007, including 29 highly (>10-fold) and 15 moderately (<10-fold) upregulated ESTs. Of all ESTs, putative peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase was upregulated the highest. The 69 ESTs only included six genes that had putative functions related to immunity, of which only two (putative glutaredoxin-1 and carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain) were confirmed to be significantly upregulated. Our results suggest that the protection elicited by ODN 2007 is mainly through innate immune responses directly or indirectly related to immunity. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Klesius, Phillip H.; Mu, Xingjiang] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Yancey, Robert J.; Kievit, Michele S.; Dominowski, Paul J.] Pfizer Inc, Vet Med Res & Dev, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [6420-32000-024-00D]; China Scholarship Council FX We thank Drs. Dehai Xu (USDA-ARS) and Victor Panangala (USDA collaborator) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Beth Peterman (USDA-ARS) for her excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by USDA/ARS CRIS project No. 6420-32000-024-00D and trust agreement between Pfizer Animal Health and ARS (ARIS No. 420798). Xingjiang Mu was supported by China Scholarship Council. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.001 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 903YL UT WOS:000301159200020 PM 22129787 ER PT J AU Bordin, AI Liu, M Nerren, JR Buntain, SL Brake, CN Kogut, MH Cohen, ND AF Bordin, Angela I. Liu, Mei Nerren, Jessica R. Buntain, Stephanie L. Brake, Courtney N. Kogut, Michael H. Cohen, Noah D. TI Neutrophil function of neonatal foals is enhanced in vitro by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Horse; Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes); Degranulation; Cytokine; Innate immunity ID RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI PNEUMONIA; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE; CHEMOTACTIC FACTORS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; BREEDING FARMS; ADULT HORSES; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB Rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterium that causes pneumonia in foals and immuno-compromised adult horses. Evidence exists that foals become infected with R. equi early in life, a period when innate immune responses are critically important for protection against infection. Neutrophils are innate immune cells that play a key role in defense against this bacterium. Enhancing neutrophil function during early life could thus help to protect foals against R. equi infection. The objective of our study was to determine whether in vitro incubation with the TLR9 agonist CpG 2142 would enhance degranulation and gene expression of cytokines and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by neutrophils collected from foals at 2, 14, and 56 days of life, and to determine whether these stimulated responses varied among ages. Neutrophil degranulation was enhanced at all ages by in vitro stimulation with either CpG alone, R. equi alone, or in combination with either R. equi or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (P < 0.05). but not by in vitro stimulation with fMLP alone. There were no significant differences among ages in CpG-induced cytokine expression, except for IL-12p40, which was induced more at 56 days of age than on days 2 or 14. Collapsing data across ages, CpG 2142 significantly (P < 0.05) increased IL-6 and IL-17 mRNA expression. We concluded that in vitro stimulation of foal neutrophils with CpG enhances their function by promoting degranulation and inducing mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-17, regardless of age. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bordin, Angela I.; Liu, Mei; Nerren, Jessica R.; Buntain, Stephanie L.; Brake, Courtney N.; Cohen, Noah D.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kogut, Michael H.] ARS, So Plain Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Cohen, ND (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ncohen@cvm.tamu.edu OI Cohen, Noah/0000-0002-0384-2903 FU USDA-CREES [2008-TEX 09312]; Link Equine Research Endowment FX This work was funded by USDA-CREES (#2008-TEX 09312), with additional support from the Link Equine Research Endowment. CpG 2142 was generously provided by Merial, Ltd. The authors wish to thank Drs. Veronique Juillard, Jules Minke, Robert Nordgren, Deborah Grosen-baugh, Katrin Hinrichs, Ms. Melissa Grant, Ms. Hanane El Arach, and Mr. Kyle Kuskie for technical assistance and advice. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 903YL UT WOS:000301159200033 PM 22197007 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Jang, SI Lee, KW Baldwin, C Tompkins, D Wagner, B Del Cacho, E Lillehoj, EP Hong, YH AF Lee, Sung Hyen Lillehoj, Hyun S. Jang, Seung I. Lee, Kyung Woo Baldwin, Cynthia Tompkins, Dannielle Wagner, Bettina Del Cacho, Emilio Lillehoj, Erik P. Hong, Yeong Ho TI Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken CD83 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendritic cell; Hybridoma; Maturation; Chicken CD83; Monoclonal antibodies ID ACTIVATED DENDRITIC CELLS; T-CELLS; B-CELL; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGES; IDENTIFICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; MATURATION; REGULATOR AB This study was carried out to develop and characterize mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against chicken CD83 (chCD83), a membrane-bound glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that is primarily expressed on mature dendritic cells (DCs). A recombinant chCD83/IgG4 fusion protein containing the extracellular region of chCD83 was expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and isolated from the spent cell culture medium by protein G affinity chromatography. The extracellular region of the chCD83 protein was purified and used to immunize mice. A cell fusion was performed, from which 342 hybridomas were screened for mAbs to chCD83. Two mAbs, chCD83-159 and chCD83-227, stained the greatest percentage of chCD83-transfected CHO cells and were selected for further characterization. By flow cytometry, both mAbs reacted with a chicken macrophage cell line, HD11. Both mAbs also recognized a single 53 kDa protein on Western blots of lysates from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated spleen mononuclear cells or unstimulated HD11 cells. Immunostaining of chicken secondary lymphoid organs identified chCD83(+) cells with morphologic and subtissue localization properties comparable to mammalian DCs. In vitro stimulation of spleen mononuclear cells with concanavalin A (Con A) decreased the percentage of chCD83(+) cells compared with cells treated with medium alone. Interestingly, spleen cells treated with Con A in the presence of chCD83-227 mAb exhibited decreased percentage of MHCII+ cells compared with cells treated with an isotype-matched negative control mAb. These chCD83 mAbs may be useful for future investigations of chicken immune cell maturation and mechanisms of action. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Sung Hyen; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Jang, Seung I.; Lee, Kyung Woo] Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Baldwin, Cynthia; Tompkins, Dannielle] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wagner, Bettina] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Del Cacho, Emilio] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Anim Pathol, Fac Vet Sci, Zaragoza 500015, Spain. [Del Cacho, Emilio] Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hong, Yeong Ho] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Anseong 456756, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, 1043 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA, U.S; Veterinary Immune Reagent Network (NIFA) [2010-65121-20649]; USDA-CSREES [2005-01812]; Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program [PJ008084]; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea FX This project was supported, in part, by the National Research Initiative of the USDA, U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network Grant (NIFA #2010-65121-20649, USDA-CSREES #2005-01812) and the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ008084), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The authors thank Ms. Myeong Seon Park, Dr. Duk Kyung Kim, Ms. Marjorie Nichols, and Ms. Stacy Torreyson for their contribution to this research. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.020 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 903YL UT WOS:000301159200063 PM 22197010 ER PT J AU Gourley, CJP Aarons, SR Powell, JM AF Gourley, Cameron J. P. Aarons, Sharon R. Powell, J. Mark TI Nitrogen use efficiency and manure management practices in contrasting dairy production systems SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dairy feed; Manure; Nutrient cycling; Environmental impact ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRITIVE CHARACTERISTICS; MINERAL-CONTENT; NEW-ZEALAND; FARMS; COWS; EXCRETION; PERFORMANCE AB As dairy operations continue to intensify world-wide, with greater nitrogen (N) inputs contributing to increasing productivity, the reliance on N recycling is decreasing, leading to larger N surpluses and environmental losses. We investigated feed N use efficiency (FNUE) and milk urea N concentrations (MUN) of the lactating herd, and manure management practices on 29 grazing and confinement-based commercial dairy farms in Victoria. Australia and Wisconsin. USA, to assess opportunities to increase N efficiency and reduce N losses. There was a similar variation in FNUE on dairy farms in Victoria and Wisconsin, ranging from 15 to 35%. FNUE and MUN levels demonstrated opportunities to improve diet management and reduce N intakes on many farms in both regions. In summer, Victorian dairy farms were significantly (P < 0.001) less efficient in converting feed N into milk, even though low N intakes were determined on 7 farms. Grazing-based systems had between 51 and 89% of excreted N directly deposited on to pasture soils, while on confinement-based farms between 57 and 100% of excreted N was deposited in areas with routine collection, which was reapplied to cropped land. Irrespective of the production system, only a small proportion of available land was used to apply collected manure. On a large number of farms in both regions, substantial amounts of excreted N were deposited in non-productive areas with no collection, potentially increasing the risk of N losses in surface runoff. We suggest that simple on-farm assessments can be used in contrasting dairy production operations internationally to assess feed and manure N management practices, which will assist in developing appropriate industry benchmarks and benefit productivity and environmental outcomes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gourley, Cameron J. P.; Aarons, Sharon R.] Ellinbank Ctr, Future Farming Syst Res Div, Dept Primary Ind Victoria, Ellinbank, Vic 3821, Australia. [Powell, J. Mark] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gourley, CJP (reprint author), Ellinbank Ctr, Future Farming Syst Res Div, Dept Primary Ind Victoria, 1301 Hazeldean Rd, Ellinbank, Vic 3821, Australia. EM cameron.gourley@dpi.vic.gov.au FU Department of Primary Industries Victoria (MIS) [06854]; USDA - ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center; Dairy Australia; Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison through the USDA-CSREES [2005-34266-16416] FX The authors thank the Victorian and Wisconsin farmers who participated in this research project by permitting access to their farms, providing farm information and allowing us to collect required samples. Our appreciation goes to the many technical staff in Victoria and Wisconsin who assisted with data collection and sample collection, preparation and analysis. Regression analysis and assistance with graphics was undertaken by Murray Hannah. Financial support was provided by the Department of Primary Industries Victoria (MIS project 06854), USDA - ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, Dairy Australia, and The Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison through the USDA-CSREES Special Grant 2005-34266-16416. NR 57 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 147 SI SI BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.011 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900XV UT WOS:000300926400009 ER PT J AU Heathman, GC Cosh, MH Han, EJ Jackson, TJ McKee, L McAfee, S AF Heathman, Gary C. Cosh, Michael H. Han, Eunjin Jackson, Thomas J. McKee, Lynn McAfee, Scott TI Field scale spatiotemporal analysis of surface soil moisture for evaluating point-scale in situ networks SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; Field scale; Point-scale; Temporal stability; In situ ID WATER CONTENT; TEMPORAL STABILITY; TIME; CALIBRATION; SENSOR AB Soil moisture is an intrinsic state variable that varies considerably in space and time. From a hydrologic viewpoint, soil moisture controls runoff, infiltration, storage and drainage. Soil moisture determines the partitioning of the incoming radiation between latent and sensible heat fluxes. Although soil moisture may be highly variable in space and time, if measurements of soil moisture at the field or small watershed scale are repeatedly observed, certain locations can often be identified as being temporally stable and representative of the an area average. This study is aimed at determining the adequacy of long term point-scale surface soil moisture measurements in representing local field scale averages which may ultimately serve as in situ locations for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed soil moisture. Experimental data were obtained by frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors permanently installed in two agricultural fields. AS1 and AS2 (2.23 and 2.71 ha, respectively) at a depth of 5 cm. Twenty additional FDR sensors, spaced 35 in apart, were installed horizontally at a depth of 5 cm in each field with automated data collection being transmitted every 30 min from July 15 through September 20, 2009. Additionally, meteorological data were obtained from existing weather stations in each field. The FDR sensors revealed persistent patterns in surface soil moisture within each field and identified sites that were temporally stable. The locations that were optimal for estimating the area-average field water contents were different from the permanent sensor locations in both fields. Permanent sensor data showed approximately 4 and 10% mean relative differences for fields AS1 and AS2, respectively, with relatively large standard deviations. Thus, minimum offset values could be applied to the temporally stable field sites to obtain representative field average values of surface soil moisture. However, use of permanent sensor data for offset estimates gave poor results. These findings are of relevance for applications of geospatial surface soil moisture data assimilation in hydrologic modeling when only point-scale observations are available, as well as, remotely sensed surface soil moisture calibration and validation studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heathman, Gary C.; McAfee, Scott] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.; McKee, Lynn] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Han, Eunjin] Purdue Univ, Dept Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gary.heathman@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Han, Eunjin /G-4121-2013 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Han, Eunjin /0000-0001-6208-7410 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 170 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.004 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 898LE UT WOS:000300743100023 ER PT J AU Shi, X Girod, L Long, R DeKett, R Philippe, J Burke, T AF Shi, Xun Girod, Lyndsey Long, Robert DeKett, Roger Philippe, Jessica Burke, Tom TI A comparison of LiDAR-based DEMs and USGS-sourced DEMs in terrain analysis for knowledge-based digital soil mapping SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE LiDAR, digital elevation model; Digital soil mapping; Terrain analysis; Slope gradient ID ELEVATION MODELS; LAND-SURFACE; CELL-SIZE; RESOLUTION; SLOPE; ACCURACY; CLASSIFICATION; NEIGHBORHOOD; IMPACT; CANADA AB While LiDAR-based digital elevation models (DEM) are more accurate and precise than the USGS-sourced DEM that are widely used in soil mapping in the US, their high cost and other problems prohibit an easy decision of adopting them in service-oriented soil mapping conducted by a government agency like USDA-NRCS. This study compares the performances of LiDAR-based DEM and the USGS-sourced DEM in calculating slope gradient as an input for knowledge-based digital soil mapping (KBDSM), aiming to provide scientific evidence and more importantly, propose a scientific approach to evaluating the two types of DEM for KBDSM. We conducted the comparison by evaluating how closely the DEM-based slope gradient values match the field-measured values. For a small watershed in northern Vermont, US, we prepared three DEM, including a 10-m DEM interpolated from the 7.5-minute USGS topographic map, a 1-m DEM based on LiDAR points, and a 5-m DEM resampled from the 1-m DEM. When calculating slope gradient, we applied two neighborhood sizes (10 m and 30 m), two neighborhood shapes (square and circular), and three slope gradient algorithms (Evans-Young, Horn, and modified Zevenbergen-Thorne) to the three DEM. We then compared the calculated slope gradient values with the values measured by soil scientists at 159 sample locations in the study area. Statistics show that across all the tested settings, the LiDAR-based DEM perform significantly better than the USGS-sourced DEM. We conclude that LiDAR-based DEM may considerably improve the quality of inputs for KBDSM. We also find that the results from the 1-m LiDAR-based DEM and the resampled 5-m DEM do not show considerable and consistent differences. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Xun; Girod, Lyndsey] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Long, Robert; DeKett, Roger; Philippe, Jessica; Burke, Tom] USDA NRCS, Johnsbury, VT 05819 USA. RP Shi, X (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM xun.shi@dartmouth.edu FU USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) [53-7482-5-466, AG-7482-C-09-0002] FX Support from USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), under Agreement No. 53-7482-5-466 is gratefully acknowledged.; Support from USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), under Agreement AG-7482-C-09-0002 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 170 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.020 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 898LE UT WOS:000300743100025 ER PT J AU McClellan, MS Domier, LL Bailey, RC AF McClellan, Melinda S. Domier, Leslie L. Bailey, Ryan C. TI Label-free virus detection using silicon photonic microring resonators SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Microring resonator; Bean pod mottle virus; Silicon photonics; Virus detection; Label-free biosensor; Bioterrorism ID POD-MOTTLE-VIRUS; SOYBEAN-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RNA; PLANTS; TITER AB Viruses represent a continual threat to humans through a number of mechanisms, which include disease, bioterrorism, and destruction of both plant and animal food resources. Many contemporary techniques used for the detection of viruses and viral infections suffer from limitations such as the need for extensive sample preparation or the lengthy window between infection and measurable immune response, for serological methods. In order to develop a method that is fast, cost-effective, and features reduced sample preparation compared to many other virus detection methods, we report the application of silicon photonic microring resonators for the direct, label-free detection of intact viruses in both purified samples as well as in a complex, real-world analytical matrix. As a model system, we demonstrate the quantitative detection of Bean pod mottle virus, a pathogen of great agricultural importance, with a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL. By simply grinding a small amount of leaf sample in buffer with a mortar and pestle, infected leaves can be identified over a healthy control with a total analysis time of less than 45 min. Given the inherent scalability and multiplexing capability of the semiconductor-based technology, we feel that silicon photonic microring resonators are well-positioned as a promising analytical tool for a number of viral detection applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McClellan, Melinda S.; Bailey, Ryan C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Domier, Leslie L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bailey, RC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM baileyrc@illinois.edu OI Bailey, Ryan/0000-0003-1021-4267 FU NIH, part of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research [1-DP2-OD002190-01]; Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign FX We acknowledge support from the NIH Director's New Innovator Award Program, part of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, through grant number 1-DP2-OD002190-01. MSM is supported through a Robert C. and Carolyn J. Springborn Fellowship from the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 31 IS 1 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.056 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895AK UT WOS:000300468400060 PM 22138465 ER PT J AU Gu, LH Massman, WJ Leuning, R Pallardy, SG Meyers, T Hanson, PJ Riggs, JS Hosman, KP Yang, B AF Gu, Lianhong Massman, William J. Leuning, Ray Pallardy, Stephen G. Meyers, Tilden Hanson, Paul J. Riggs, Jeffery S. Hosman, Kevin P. Yang, Bai TI The fundamental equation of eddy covariance and its application in flux measurements SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fundamental equation of eddy covariance; WPL corrections; No net ecosystem source or sink of dry air; Effective change in storage ID TRANSITIONAL TROPICAL FOREST; ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; TEMPERATE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL; ATMOSPHERE AB A fundamental equation of eddy covariance (FQEC) is derived that allows the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (N-s) over bar of a specified atmospheric constituent s to be measured with the constraint of conservation of any other atmospheric constituent (e.g. N-2, argon, or dry air). It is shown that if the condition |(N-s) over bar| >> |(chi(s)) over bar||(N-CO2) over bar| is true, the conservation of mass can be applied with the assumption of no net ecosystem source or sink of dry air and the FQEC is reduced to the following equation and its approximation for horizontally homogeneous mass fluxes: (N-s) over bar = (C-d) over bar(w'chi(s)') over bar|(h) + integral(h)(0)(C-d) over bar (z)(partial derivative chi(s)) over bar/partial derivative tdz + integral(h)(0)[(chi(s)) over bar (z) - (chi(s)) over bar (h)](partial derivative C-d) over bar/partial derivative d dz approximate to (C-d) over bar (h) {(w'chi(s)') over bar|(h) + integral(h)(0) (partial derivative chi(s)) over bar/partial derivative t dz}. Here w is vertical velocity, c molar density, t time, h eddy flux measurement height, z vertical distance and chi(s) C-s/C-d molar mixing ratio relative to dry air. Subscripts s, d and CO2 are for the specified constituent, dry air and carbon dioxide, respectively. Primes and overbars refer to turbulent fluctuations and time averages, respectively. This equation and its approximation are derived for non-steady state conditions that build on the steady-state theory of Webb, Pearman and Leuning (WPI.; Webb et al., 1980. Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 106,85-100), theory that is widely used to calculate the eddy fluxes of CO2 and other trace gases. The original WPL constraint of no vertical flux of dry air across the EC measurement plane, which is valid only for steady-state conditions, is replaced with the requirement of no net ecosystem source or sink of dry air for non-steady state conditions. This replacement does not affect the 'eddy flux' term (C-d) over bar(w'chi(s)') over bar but requires the change in storage to be calculated as the 'effective change in storage' as follows: integral 0h (partial derivative C-s) over bar/partial derivative t dz - (chi(s)) over bar (h) integral(h)(0) (partial derivative C-d) over bar/partial derivative t dz = integral(h)(0) (C-d) over bar (z)(partial derivative chi(s)) over bar/partial derivative t dz + integral 0h [(chi(s)) over bar (h)](partial derivative C-d) over bar/partial derivative t dz approximate to (C-d) over bar (h) integral(h)(0)(partial derivative chi(s)) over bar/partial derivative t dz. Without doing so, significant diurnal and seasonal biases may occur. We demonstrate that the effective change in storage can be estimated accurately with a properly designed profile of mixing ratio measurements made at multiple heights. However further simplification by using a single measurement at the EC instrumentation height is shown to produce substantial biases. It is emphasized that an adequately designed profile system for measuring the effective change in storage in proper units is as important as the eddy flux term for determining NEE. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. When the EC instrumentation measures densities rather than mixing ratios, it is necessary to use: (N-s) over bar approximate to (w'C-s') over bar|(h) + (chi(s)) over bar[(w'C-v') over bar+(c) over bar(w'T') over bar/(T) over bar](h) + (C-d) over bar (h) integral(h)(0)(partial derivative chi(s)) over bar/partial derivative t dz. Here T is temperature and C-v and c are the molar densities of water vapor and moist air, respectively. For some atmospheric gas species such as N-2 and O-2, the condition |(N-s) over bar >> |(chi(s)) over bar||(N-CO2) over bar is not satisfied and additional information is needed in order to apply the EC technique with the constraint of conservation of dry air. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Lianhong; Hanson, Paul J.; Riggs, Jeffery S.; Yang, Bai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Massman, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Leuning, Ray] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Pallardy, Stephen G.; Hosman, Kevin P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Meyers, Tilden] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Gu, LH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 2040, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lianhong-gu@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Leuning, Ray/A-2793-2008; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; University of Missouri [DE-FG02-03ER63683]; Australian Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency through CSIRO FX Dr. Dennis Baldocchi and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for critical comments and suggestions which led to substantial improvement of the paper. The study was carried out in Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with support from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. U.S. Department of Energy support for the University of Missouri (Grant DE-FG02-03ER63683) is gratefully acknowledged. Work by RL was supported in part by the Australian Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency through the Australian Climate Change Science Program in CSIRO. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 152 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.014 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885ST UT WOS:000299801800013 ER PT J AU Li, GP Yuan, KF Yan, CG Fox, J Gaid, M Breitwieser, W Bansal, AK Zeng, HW Gao, HW Wu, M AF Li, Guoping Yuan, Kefei Yan, Chunguang Fox, John, III Gaid, Madeleine Breitwieser, Wayne Bansal, Arvind K. Zeng, Huawei Gao, Hongwei Wu, Min TI 8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 deficiency modifies allergic airway inflammation by regulating STAT6 and IL-4 in cells and in mice SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Knockout mice; Th2 cytokines; HDM extracts; Oxidative stress; Airway inflammation; Free radicals ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; REPAIR ENZYME; II CELLS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; DOWN-REGULATION; BASE DAMAGE; LUNG-CELLS; KAPPA-B; ASTHMA AB 8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG-1) is a base excision DNA repair enzyme; however, its function in modulating allergic diseases remains undefined. Using OGG-1 knockout (KO) mice, we show that this protein affects allergic airway inflammation after sensitization and challenge by ovalbumin(OVA). OGG-1 KO mice exhibited less inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced oxidative stress in the lungs after OVA challenge compared to WT mice. The KO phenotype included decreased IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in lung tissues. In addition, OGG-1 KO mice showed decreased expression and phosphorylation of STAT6 as well as NF-kappa B. Down-regulation of OGG-1 by siRNA lowered ROS and IL-4 levels but increased IFN-gamma production in cultured epithelial cells after exposure to house dust mite extracts. OGG-1 may affect the levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines during asthmatic conditions. OGG-1 deficiency negatively regulates allergen-induced airway inflammatory response. (C)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, Chunguang; Gao, Hongwei] Harvard Univ, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med, Ctr Expt Therapeut & Reperfus Injury, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Li, Guoping; Yuan, Kefei; Yan, Chunguang; Fox, John, III; Gaid, Madeleine; Wu, Min] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Li, Guoping] Luzhou Med Coll Teaching Hosp, Resp Sect, Luzhou 646000, Peoples R China. [Breitwieser, Wayne; Bansal, Arvind K.] Altru Hosp, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Zeng, Huawei] Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Gao, HW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med, Ctr Expt Therapeut & Reperfus Injury, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM hgao@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu; min.wu@med.und.edu FU NIH [ES014690]; FAMRI; American Heart Association (National Office); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH FX This project was supported by NIH ES014690, FAMRI, and an American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (National Office) to M.W. and by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, to H.G. NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 52 IS 2 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.490 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 878IB UT WOS:000299247600016 PM 22100973 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Moreau, RA Hotchkiss, AT Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Moreau, Robert A. Hotchkiss, Arland T. Hicks, Kevin B. TI A new corn fiber gum polysaccharide isolation process that preserves functional components SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Corn fiber (CF); Wet milling pericarp fiber (WPF); Wet milling endosperm fiber (WEP); Wet milling pericarp and endosperm fiber (WPEF); Corn fiber gum (CFG); p-Coumaric acid (PCA); Ferulic acid (FA) ID MAIZE BRAN; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS; EXTRACTION; HEMICELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; OIL; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Corn fiber gum (CFG) is a hemicellulose (arabinoxylan)-enriched fraction obtained by the extraction of corn bran/fiber using a mild alkaline hydrogen peroxide process. The unique polysaccharide, CFG, with its low solution viscosity has been proposed as a stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions. We have verified that in some model systems, CFG can out-perform the "gold standard" emulsifier, gum arabic. Our results have also shown that "pure" CFG fractions often contain considerable amounts of associated lipids, phenolic acids and proteins which contribute to its emulsifying properties. The extraction of CFG with alkaline hydrogen peroxide was investigated using different combinations of alkali concentration and time to identify the optimum extraction condition to retain its functional groups (protein, lipids and phenolic acids). The pure CFG prepared by this process was hydrolyzed with 1.5N methanolic KOH at 70 degrees C for 1 h to release hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric and ferulic) and lipids. The total lipid was extracted with chloroform/methanol, evaporated and quantified. The released phenolic acids were identified and quantified using HPLC with detection by both UV and evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD). The protein content was determined by an AACC approved combustion method. The total lipids, phenolic acids and protein content in CFGs isolated with lower alkali concentration for a shorter time was comparatively higher than CFGs isolated with higher alkali concentration for a longer time. The presence of these phenolic acids, lipids and protein in CFG may contribute to its excellent emulsifying properties and may combine to give improved chemical, physical, and even nutritional properties. Understanding these critical structural elements required for optimal emulsification properties will allow future commercial producers of CFG to provide consistent quality and functionality in their products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yadav, Madhav P.; Moreau, Robert A.; Hotchkiss, Arland T.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 87 IS 2 BP 1169 EP 1175 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.092 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 865IU UT WOS:000298305400026 ER PT J AU Chandler, CC King, DI Chandler, RB AF Chandler, Carlin C. King, David I. Chandler, Richard B. TI Do mature forest birds prefer early-successional habitat during the post-fledging period? SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Area sensitivity; Fruit; Pre-migration; Mist-netting; Distance sampling; Pre-basic molt ID WOOD THRUSHES; POSTBREEDING MOVEMENTS; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; POPULATION LIMITATION; MIGRATORY SONGBIRD; NORTHERN VIRGINIA; MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; AUTUMN MIGRATION; FRUIT RESOURCES; NESTING SUCCESS AB Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the post-fledging period to bird populations, suggesting that the importance of this portion of the life cycle is equal to or greater than the nesting period. Nevertheless, few studies have compared abundance of forest nesting species between mature forest and early-successional habitats while controlling for differences in detectibility and for biases associated with comparing low stature shrubby vegetation and tall stature forests. We investigated habitat use by forest-nesting birds during the post-fledging period in 2004 using both point counts and mist-netting in regenerating clearcuts, maintained wildlife openings, and mature forest in the White Mountain National Forest of New Hampshire, USA. We captured 1151 individuals of 50 species with mist-nets and detected 1267 individuals of 50 species with point counts during the course of the study. Of the nine mature forest-nesting species for which we had sufficient samples, seven were more abundant in early-successional habitats than mature forest. Additionally, these species highest densities were in large clearcuts with tall, complex vegetation structure and large wildlife openings with tall vegetation and standing dead vegetation. Our findings provide the first comparison of mature forest bird abundance between mature forest and early-successional habitat during the post-fledging period using estimates corrected for detectibility and for habitat stature. These results suggest that mature forest birds might actually prefer early-successional habitat to mature forest during the post-fledging period, which has important implications for managers and conservationists weighing the effects of management on early-successional versus mature forest birds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Chandler, Carlin C.; Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, 201 Holdsworth NRC, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM carlinkaufman@hotmail.com; dking@fs.fed.us; rchandler@nrc.umass.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU USDA Northern Research Station; White Mountain National Forest FX L. Prout, L Rouse, and C. Weloth provided valuable logistical support and information regarding the management of wildlife openings on the White Mountain National Forest. R. Sparhawk, B. Degregorio, D. Hof and M. Becker were excellent field assistants. Funding was provided by the USDA Northern Research Station and the White Mountain National Forest. T. Donovan and A. Rodewald commented on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 264 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.018 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 868OJ UT WOS:000298532300001 ER PT J AU Tian, SY Youssef, MA Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM Chescheir, GM AF Tian, Shiying Youssef, Mohamed A. Skaggs, R. Wayne Amatya, Devendra M. Chescheir, George M. TI Modeling water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics for two drained pine plantations under intensive management practices SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest hydrology; C and N dynamics; Silvicultural practices; Forest ecosystem modeling; DRAINMOD-FOREST ID THINNING LOBLOLLY-PINE; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; FOREST MANAGEMENT; COASTAL-PLAIN; TAEDA L.; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONIFEROUS FOREST; WETLAND FORESTS; SPRUCE FORESTS AB This paper reports results of a study to test the reliability of the DRAINMOD-FOREST model for predicting water, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in intensively managed forests. The study site, two adjacent loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) plantations (referred as D2 and D3), are located in the coastal plain of North Carolina, USA. Controlled drainage (with weir and orifice) and various silvicultural practices, including nitrogen (N) fertilizer application, thinning, harvesting, bedding, and replanting, were conducted on the study site. Continuous collection of hydrological and water quality data (1988-2008) were used for model evaluation. Comparison between predicted and measured hydrologic variables showed that the model accurately predicted long-term subsurface drainage dynamics and water table fluctuations in both loblolly pine plantations. Predicted mean and standard deviation of annual drainage matched measured values very well: 431 +/- 217 vs. 436 +/- 231 mm for D2 site and 384 +/- 152 vs. 386 +/- 160 mm for D3 site. Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients (NSE) were above 0.9 for drainage predictions on annual and monthly basis and above 0.86 for predictions of daily water table fluctuations. Compared to measurements in other similar studies, the model also reasonably estimated long-term dynamics of organic matter pools on forest floor and in forest soil. Predicted mean and standard deviation of annual nitrate exports were comparable to measured values: 1.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 1.5 +/- 1.5 kg ha(-1) for D2 site, and 1.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 1.3 +/- 1.1 kg ha(-1) for D3 site, respectively. Predicted nitrate export dynamics were also in excellent agreement with field measurements as indicated by NSE above 0.90 and 0.84 on annual and monthly bases, respectively. The model, thus successfully tested, was applied to predicted hydrological and bio-geochemical responses to drainage water management and silvicultural practices. Specifically, the model predicted reduced rainfall interception and ET after clear cutting, both of which led to increased water yield and elevated water table, as expected. The model also captured temporary changes in nitrogen transformations following forest harvesting, including increased mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and decreased plant uptake. Overall, this study demonstrated that DRAINMOD-FOREST can predict water, C and N dynamics in drained pine forests under intensive management practices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tian, Shiying; Youssef, Mohamed A.; Skaggs, R. Wayne; Chescheir, George M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, NCSU DS Weaver Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Amatya, Devendra M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. RP Tian, SY (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, NCSU DS Weaver Labs, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM stain@ncsu.edu RI Tian, shiying/J-8260-2012 FU USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; Center for Forested Wetlands Research [06-CA-11330 135-173]; National Council for Air & Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc. FX This work was supported in part by funds provided by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station and Center for Forested Wetlands Research (Federal Grant #06-CA-11330 135-173) through funds provided by the National Council for Air & Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc. In kind support in the form of land use and technical support has been provided by Weyerhaeuser Company. NR 102 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 264 BP 20 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.041 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 868OJ UT WOS:000298532300003 ER PT J AU Bigelow, SW North, MP AF Bigelow, Seth W. North, Malcolm P. TI Microclimate effects of fuels-reduction and group-selection silviculture: Implications for fire behavior in Sierran mixed-conifer forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Microclimate; Wind speed; Mixed-conifer forest; Group selection; Fuels-reduction thinning; Soil moisture ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; NEVADA; DUFF; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; MOISTURE AB Fire suppression and other past management practices in the western USA have led to dense conifer forests with high canopy cover and thick layers of surface fuels, changes likely to alter understory microclimate relative to historical conditions. Silvicultural treatments are used to restore forest resilience, but little is known about their microclimate-mediated effects on fire behavior. We measured fire-related microclimate variables for two years before and after experimental, operational-scale application of fuels-reduction thinning and group selection treatments in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest. Measurements included air speed, temperature, and relative humidity; soil temperature and moisture; and dead fuel moisture. Wind gust speed increased moderately (average 0.7 m s(-1) or 31% increase) in thinned forest and sharply (average 2.5 m s(-1) or 128% increase) in group-selection openings. Surprisingly, treatments did not affect air temperature or humidity. Soil temperatures increased by a mean of 4 degrees C in group openings but did not increase in thinned stands. Duff moisture in group selection openings was 72% of that in the control stands, but there were no effects on moisture in other fuel particle size classes, or in thinned stands. Soil moisture increased in group-selection openings at depths down to 0.7 m but did not change in thinned stands. Fire spread simulation modeling with FMAPlus indicated that elevated wind speeds could increase the fire rate of spread, but that increases are moderate and largely linear rather than exponential across the observed range of wind gust speeds. In general our results suggest that group selection openings placed in high canopy cover, Sierran mixed-conifer forests are distinct microclimatic environments that will have slightly different fire behavior than the surrounding matrix due to higher surface temperatures and faster wind speeds. Current fuels-reduction thinning practices in dry western forests, however, will have minimal microclimatic-mediated influence on wildfire behavior, and there is little cause for concern about a faster rate of fire spread or drier fuels in such stands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bigelow, Seth W.; North, Malcolm P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [North, Malcolm P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bigelow, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM sbigelow@fs.fed.us FU USFS Region 5; National Fire Plan FX Keith Perchemlides, C. Salk and S. Livingston led field crews and made valuable contributions to data collection and processing; K. Bovee, E. Ellsmore, S. Ratering, A. Black, J. Birnbaum, B. Rock, H. Lau, J. Katz, and K. Le Coq collected field data; R. Gerrard contributed graphics. Brandon Collins, M. Conner, A. White, M. Bokach, K. Hubbert, R. Gerrard, and T. Biasiolli provided insightful comments on several drafts. Comments from three reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The project was administered by the US Forest Service (USFS), Mt. Hough Ranger District; we thank A. Parker, M. Fuller, and R. Bednarski for NEPA work. The project was funded by USFS Region 5 and the National Fire Plan. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 264 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.031 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 868OJ UT WOS:000298532300005 ER PT J AU Contreras, MA Parsons, RA Chung, W AF Contreras, Marco A. Parsons, Russell A. Chung, Woodam TI Modeling tree-level fuel connectivity to evaluate the effectiveness of thinning treatments for reducing crown fire potential SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire behavior; Fire simulation modeling; WFDS; LiDAR; Thinning treatments ID FOREST; IDENTIFICATION; LIDAR AB Land managers have been using fire behavior and simulation models to assist in several fire management tasks. These widely-used models use average attributes to make stand-level predictions without considering spatial variability of fuels within a stand. Consequently, as the existing models have limitations in adequately modeling crown fire initiation and propagation, the effects of fuel treatments can only be evaluated based on average conditions, where the effects of thinning design (e.g., cut-tree locations) on changing fire behavior are largely ignored. To overcome these limitations, we coupled an advanced physics-based fire behavior model with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology to capture the spatial distribution of trees within stands and model crown fire initiation and propagation in more detail. Advanced physics-based fire behavior models are computationally demanding, and it is not currently feasible to run such models for large landscapes (thousands of hectares) at which fuel treatments are often considered. Thus, to extend the capabilities of these fine scale models to larger landscapes, we developed logistic regression models based on tree data and fire behavior model output to predict crown fire initiation and propagation for given tree locations and attributes for two weather scenarios, representing average and severe conditions, for our study area. We applied these regression models and used tree-level fuel connectivity prediction as measures to evaluate the effectiveness of thinning treatments for reducing crown fire potential. We demonstrate this method using LiDAR-derived stem map and tree attributes developed for a 4.6-ha forest stand in western Montana, USA. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Contreras, Marco A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Coll Agr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Parsons, Russell A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Chung, Woodam] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Contreras, MA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Coll Agr, 214 Thomas Poe Cooper Bldg,Off 204, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM marco.contreras@uky.edu; rparsons@fs.fed.us; woodam.chung@umontana.edu NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 264 BP 134 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.001 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 868OJ UT WOS:000298532300014 ER PT J AU Band, LE Hwang, T Hales, TC Vose, J Ford, C AF Band, Lawrence E. Hwang, T. Hales, T. C. Vose, James Ford, Chelcy TI Ecosystem processes at the watershed scale: Mapping and modeling ecohydrological controls of landslides SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ecohydrology; Slope stability; Distributed simulation ID FOREST; PRECIPITATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; LANDSCAPE; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; SERVICES; TERRAIN AB Mountain watersheds are sources of a set of valuable ecosystem services as well as potential hazards. The former include high quality freshwater, carbon sequestration, nutrient retention, and biodiversity, whereas the latter include flash floods, landslides and forest fires. Each of these ecosystem services and hazards represents different elements of the integrated and co-evolved ecological, hydrological and geomorphic subsystems of the watershed and should be approached analytically as a coupled land system. Forest structure and species are important influences on the partitioning of precipitation, the lateral redistribution of water, runoff and sediment production, weathering and soil development. Forest regulation of hydrologic dynamics contributes to the development of patterns of soil pore pressure and slope instability during storms or snowmelt. The spatial patterns of root depth, structure and strength, developed by the below ground allocation of carbon in the forest canopy in response to limiting resources of water and nutrients, contributes to slope stability and drainage, and the maintenance of stomatal conductance linking water and carbon cycling. This in turn provides the photosynthate required to build leaf area, stem and root biomass. The linked ecological, hydrologic and geomorphic systems are characterized by specific catenary patterns that should be captured in any coupled modeling approach. In this paper we extend an ecohydrological modeling approach to include hydrologic and canopy structural pattern impacts on slope stability, with explicit feedbacks between ecosystem water, carbon and nutrient cycling, and the transient development of landslide potential in steep forested catchments. Using measured distributions of canopy leaf area index, and empirically modeled soil depth and root cohesion, the integrated model is able to generate localized areas of past instability without specific calibration or training with mapped landslides. As the model has previously been shown to simulate space/time patterns of coupled water, carbon and nutrient cycling, the integration of slope stability as a function of hydrologic, ecosystem and geomorphic processes provides the ability to closely link multiple ecosystem services with a unified approach. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Band, Lawrence E.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Hales, T. C.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Vose, James; Ford, Chelcy] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Band, LE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, CB 6116, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM lband@email.unc.edu RI Hales, TC/D-2769-2009; OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783; Hales, Tristram/0000-0002-3330-3302 FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station; NSF [DEB0218001, DEB0823293] FX This study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and by NSF grants DEB0218001 and DEB0823293 to the Coweeta LTER program at the University of Georgia. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the University of Georgia. We thank Dean Urban of Duke University for use of his soil depth data set and Rick Wooten of the North Carolina Geological Survey for discussion and sharing data on soil mechanical properties. Two anonymous reviewers provided very useful comments that substantially improved the clarity and emphasis of the paper. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 1 SI SI BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.025 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 868GN UT WOS:000298511800013 ER PT J AU Roess, AA Rea, N Lederman, E Dato, V Chipman, R Slate, D Reynolds, MG Damon, IK Rupprecht, CE AF Roess, Amira A. Rea, Nancy Lederman, Edith Dato, Virginia Chipman, Richard Slate, Dennis Reynolds, Mary G. Damon, Inger K. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI National surveillance for human and pet contact with oral rabies vaccine baits, 2001-2009 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RACCOON RABIES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; WILDLIFE; VIRUS; PENNSYLVANIA AB Objective-To determine the rate and absolute number of human and pet exposures to oral rabies vaccine (ORV) bait containing liquid vaccinia rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine and to evaluate factors that might affect human contact with bait to modify the program and reduce human exposure to the vaccine. Design-Retrospective analysis of surveillance data (2001 to 2009). Sample-Reports on human and pet contact with ORV baits in states with ORV surveillance programs. Procedures-Data were collected from passive, multistate ORV surveillance systems in Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. Data collected included the nature of human or pet contact with bait and vaccine, the caller's knowledge of the ORV bait program, local human population density, and other relevant demographic data. Results-All 18 states participated in the surveillance program for at least 1 year, for a combined 68 years of observation. One thousand four hundred thirty-six calls were reported, representing 3,076 found baits (6.89/100,000 baits dropped); 296 (20%) calls were related to human contact with ruptured bait, and 550 (38%) involved pet contact with the bait. Six adverse events in humans were reported, one of which required hospitalization. Fifty-nine adverse events in pets were noted, all of which were nonserious. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Findings from surveillance activities have been used to improve baiting strategies and minimize human and pet contact with ORV baits. Overall, human and pet contact with ORV baits was infrequent. Surveillance has led to early identification of persons exposed to ORV and rapid intervention. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;240:163-168) C1 [Roess, Amira A.; Lederman, Edith; Reynolds, Mary G.; Damon, Inger K.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Roess, Amira A.; Lederman, Edith] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rea, Nancy; Dato, Virginia] Penn Dept Hlth, Greensburg, PA 15601 USA. [Chipman, Richard; Slate, Dennis] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 240 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 876SP UT WOS:000299128300007 PM 22217024 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Gebauer, SK Novotny, JA AF Baer, David J. Gebauer, Sarah K. Novotny, Janet A. TI Measured energy value of pistachios in the human diet SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Nuts; Digestibility; Metabolisable energy ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUT CONSUMPTION; LIPID BIOACCESSIBILITY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DOSE-RESPONSE; PEANUT BUTTER; ALMOND SEEDS; BODY-WEIGHT; RISK; DENSITY AB Previous studies have suggested that lipid from nuts is more poorly absorbed than that from other food sources. If lipid from nuts is poorly absorbed, then the metabolisable energy contained in the nuts is less than that predicted by the Atwater general factors. A crossover feeding study was conducted in which sixteen volunteers consumed pistachios for 3 weeks as part of a controlled diet. Pistachio doses were 0, 42 and 84 g/d. Urine and faecal samples were collected, and urine, faeces and diet were analysed for N, fat, total dietary fibre, ash and combustible energy. Blood was also collected after each treatment period and analysed for plasma lipids. Energy value of pistachio nuts was calculated from differences in energy excretion during the different dietary treatments. The measured energy density of pistachios was found to be 22.6 kJ/g, which is 5% less than the currently accepted energy value of 23.7 kJ/g, as calculated using the Atwater general factors. The pistachio nut intervention lowered LDL-cholesterol by 6%, but did not significantly change plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or TAG. In conclusion, pistachio nuts contain less metabolisable energy than that calculated from the Atwater general factors. Accurate information about metabolisable energy content of foods is important for reliable food labelling. C1 [Baer, David J.; Gebauer, Sarah K.; Novotny, Janet A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.baer@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, ARS; Paramount Farms, Inc. FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, ARS and Paramount Farms, Inc. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Author contributions were as follows: D. J. B. and J. A. N. designed the study; D. J. B., J. A. N. and S. K. G. conducted the study and analysed the data and D. J. B. and J. A. N. interpreted data and wrote the manuscript. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JAN 14 PY 2012 VL 107 IS 1 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1017/S0007114511002649 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 883QH UT WOS:000299648300014 PM 21733319 ER PT J AU Boler, BMV Faber, TA Bauer, LL Swanson, KS Smiley, S Bechtel, PJ Fahey, GC AF Boler, Brittany M. Vester Faber, Trevor A. Bauer, Laura L. Swanson, Kelly S. Smiley, Scott Bechtel, Peter J. Fahey, George C., Jr. TI Acute satiety response of mammalian, avian and fish proteins in dogs SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Dogs; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Ghrelin; Protein; Satiety ID GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; AMINO-ACID PROFILES; FOOD-INTAKE; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; ENERGY-INTAKE; APPETITE REGULATION; HORMONE RESPONSES; GHRELIN; INSULIN; SECRETION AB Fish proteins have been reported to be more satiating than meat proteins. The objective was to determine the effect of different animal protein pre-meals on satiety. A total of ten intact female hounds were fed pork loin, beef loin, chicken breast, salmon fillet or pollock fillet. Each pre-meal was fed to contain 100 g protein. Blood was collected at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandially and analysed for glucose, insulin, total ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and plasma amino acids (AA). Dogs were fed 2 x metabolisable energy, 3 h following the pre-meal, and intake was determined 30, 60, 180 and 1440 min after food presentation. Glucose decreased over time (P<0.001), but was lowest (P=0.01) when dogs consumed pollock or chicken. Insulin increased (P<0.0001) over time, and was greater (P=0.09) when dogs consumed salmon. GLP-1 increased (P<0.001) over time, and was greatest (P=0.04) when dogs consumed beef. Ghrelin decreased (P< 0.0001) over time for all pre-meals. The tryptophan:large neutral AA ratio tended to be greater (P=0.08) when dogs consumed pork, salmon and pollock. Different protein sources may influence blood markers in dogs, but it does not appear that fish substrates have different satiating abilities than mammalian or avian sources. C1 [Boler, Brittany M. Vester; Faber, Trevor A.; Bauer, Laura L.; Swanson, Kelly S.; Fahey, George C., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Smiley, Scott; Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Fahey, GC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gcfahey@illinois.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) FX The present study was supported in part by a US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Cooperative agreement. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JAN 14 PY 2012 VL 107 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1017/S0007114511002261 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 883QH UT WOS:000299648300017 ER PT J AU Yang, DH Song, LY Hu, J Yin, WB Li, ZG Chen, YH Su, XH Wang, RRC Hu, ZM AF Yang, Da-Hai Song, Li-Ying Hu, Jun Yin, Wei-Bo Li, Zhi-Guo Chen, Yu-Hong Su, Xiao-Hua Wang, Richard R. -C. Hu, Zan-Min TI Enhanced tolerance to NaCl and LiCl stresses by over-expressing Caragana korshinskii sodium/proton exchanger 1 (CkNHX1) and the hydrophilic C terminus is required for the activity of CkNHX1 in Atsos3-1 mutant and yeast SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Salt tolerance; NHX; SOS; Antiporter; Exchanger; Caragana korshinskii ID VACUOLAR NA+/H+ ANTIPORTER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SALT TOLERANCE; CATION SELECTIVITY; GENE; SOS1; PLANTS; ENCODES; ATNHX1; YIELD AB Sodium/proton exchangers (NHX antiporters) play important roles in plant responses to salt stress. Previous research showed that hydrophilic C-terminal region of Arabidopsis AtNHX1 negatively regulates the Na+/H+. transporting activity. In this study, CkNHX1 were isolated from Caragana korshinskii, a pea shrub with high tolerance to salt, drought, and cold stresses. Transcripts of CkNHX1 were detected predominantly in roots, and were significantly induced by NaCl stress in stems. Transgenic yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana sos3-1 (Atsos3-1) mutant over-expressing CkNHX1 and its hydrophilic C terminus-truncated derivative, CkNHX1-Delta C, were generated and subjected to NaCl and LiCl stresses. Expression of CkNHX1 significantly enhanced the resistance to NaCl and LiCl stresses in yeast and Atsos3-1 mutant. Whereas, compared with expression of CkNHX1, the expression of CkNHX1-Delta C had much less effect on NaCl tolerance in Atsos3-1 and LiCl tolerance in yeast and Atsos3-1. All together, these results suggest that the predominant expression of CkNHX1 in roots might contribute to keep C. korshinskii adapting to the high salt condition in this plant's living environment; CkNHX1 could recover the phenotype of Atsos3-1 mutant; and the hydrophilic C-terminal region of CkNHX1 should be required for Na+/H+ and Li+/H+. exchanging activity of CkNHX1. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Da-Hai; Song, Li-Ying; Hu, Jun; Yin, Wei-Bo; Li, Zhi-Guo; Chen, Yu-Hong; Hu, Zan-Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Su, Xiao-Hua] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forestry, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Yang, Da-Hai] Univ Jena, Inst Gen Bot & Plant Physiol, Dept Plant Physiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Wang, Richard R. -C.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, FRRL, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hu, ZM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM gresea_young@hotmail.com; lysong@genetics.ac.cn; jhu@genetics.ac.cn; wbyin@genetics.ac.cn; gzhi@genetics.ac.cn; yhchen@genetics.ac.cn; suxh@caf.ac.cn; Richard.Wang@ARS.USDA.GOV; zmhu@genetics.ac.cn FU Ministry of Agriculture of China for transgenic research [2009ZX08009-098B, 2009ZX08005-017B] FX This research was supported by Projects (2009ZX08009-098B and 2009ZX08005-017B) from the Ministry of Agriculture of China for transgenic research. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 417 IS 2 BP 732 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.023 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 883CM UT WOS:000299610200014 PM 22197553 ER PT J AU Li, RW Wu, ST Baldwin, RL Li, WZ Li, CJ AF Li, Robert W. Wu, Sitao Baldwin, Ransom L. Li, Weizhong Li, Congjun TI Perturbation Dynamics of the Rumen Microbiota in Response to Exogenous Butyrate SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; HUMAN GUT; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; RUMINAL BUTYRATE; RESISTANT STARCH; LARGE-INTESTINE; FAST PROGRAM; DAIRY-COWS; MILK-YIELD; METABOLISM AB The capacity of the rumen microbiota to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) has important implications in animal well-being and production. We investigated temporal changes of the rumen microbiota in response to butyrate infusion using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Twenty one phyla were identified in the rumen microbiota of dairy cows. The rumen microbiota harbored 54.5 +/- 6.1 genera (mean +/- SD) and 127.3 +/- 4.4 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively. However, the core microbiome comprised of 26 genera and 82 OTUs. Butyrate infusion altered molar percentages of 3 major VFAs. Butyrate perturbation had a profound impact on the rumen microbial composition. A 72 h-infusion led to a significant change in the numbers of sequence reads derived from 4 phyla, including 2 most abundant phyla, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. As many as 19 genera and 43 OTUs were significantly impacted by butyrate infusion. Elevated butyrate levels in the rumen seemingly had a stimulating effect on butyrate-producing bacteria populations. The resilience of the rumen microbial ecosystem was evident as the abundance of the microorganisms returned to their pre-disturbed status after infusion withdrawal. Our findings provide insight into perturbation dynamics of the rumen microbial ecosystem and should guide efforts in formulating optimal uses of probiotic bacteria treating human diseases. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Baldwin, Ransom L.; Li, Congjun] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wu, Sitao; Li, Weizhong] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Weizhong/A-9735-2008 OI Li, Weizhong/0000-0003-1804-9403 FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [R01RR025030] FX SW and WL are supported by Award Number R01RR025030 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NCRR or the National Institutes of Health. SW and WL are supported by Award Number R01RR025030 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NCRR or the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 12 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e29392 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0029392 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 906OY UT WOS:000301357100009 PM 22253719 ER PT J AU Ren, Y Zhao, H Kou, QH Jiang, J Guo, SG Zhang, HY Hou, WJ Zou, XH Sun, HH Gong, GY Levi, A Xu, Y AF Ren, Yi Zhao, Hong Kou, Qinghe Jiang, Jiao Guo, Shaogui Zhang, Haiying Hou, Wenju Zou, Xiaohua Sun, Honghe Gong, Guoyi Levi, Amnon Xu, Yong TI A High Resolution Genetic Map Anchoring Scaffolds of the Sequenced Watermelon Genome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; CITRULLUS-LANATUS; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; INBRED LINES; CONSTRUCTION; MAIZE; COLOCYNTHIS; CUCUMBER; RAPD AB As part of our ongoing efforts to sequence and map the watermelon (Citrullus spp.) genome, we have constructed a high density genetic linkage map. The map positioned 234 watermelon genome sequence scaffolds (an average size of 1.41 Mb) that cover about 330 Mb and account for 93.5% of the 353 Mb of the assembled genomic sequences of the elite Chinese watermelon line 97103 (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus). The genetic map was constructed using an F-8 population of 103 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The RILs are derived from a cross between the line 97103 and the United States Plant Introduction (PI) 296341-FR (C. lanatus var. citroides) that contains resistance to fusarium wilt (races 0, 1, and 2). The genetic map consists of eleven linkage groups that include 698 simple sequence repeat (SSR), 219 insertion-deletion (InDel) and 36 structure variation (SV) markers and spans similar to 800 cM with a mean marker interval of 0.8 cM. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 11 BACs that produced chromosome-specifc signals, we have depicted watermelon chromosomes that correspond to the eleven linkage groups constructed in this study. The high resolution genetic map developed here should be a useful platform for the assembly of the watermelon genome, for the development of sequence-based markers used in breeding programs, and for the identification of genes associated with important agricultural traits. C1 [Ren, Yi; Zhao, Hong; Kou, Qinghe; Jiang, Jiao; Guo, Shaogui; Zhang, Haiying; Hou, Wenju; Zou, Xiaohua; Sun, Honghe; Gong, Guoyi; Xu, Yong] BAAFS, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kou, Qinghe; Jiang, Jiao] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Levi, Amnon] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. RP Ren, Y (reprint author), BAAFS, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM xuyong@nercv.org FU Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2010AA10A107, 2009BADB8B02, 2010DFB33740]; Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China [CARS-26, 2008-Z42[3]]; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China [D08070500690803, D111100001311002, KJCX201101010, Z09090501040902]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30972015, 31171980]; Natural Science Foundation of Beijing [5100001] FX This research was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2010AA10A107, 2009BADB8B02, 2010DFB33740), Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (CARS-26, 2008-Z42[3]), Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China (D08070500690803, D111100001311002, KJCX201101010, Z09090501040902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972015 and 31171980) and Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (5100001) to Y.X. and H.Y.Z. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 57 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 28 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e29453 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0029453 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 906ON UT WOS:000301355700024 PM 22247776 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Schmidt, JP Bryant, RB AF Zhu, Qing Schmidt, John P. Bryant, Ray B. TI Hot moments and hot spots of nutrient losses from a mixed land use watershed SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nutrient; Hydrology; Season; Storm; Watershed ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SURFACE WATERS; COVER CROP; NEW-YORK; PHOSPHORUS; CATCHMENT; NITRATE; RUNOFF; EXPORT; RIVER AB Non-point nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution from agriculture has increasingly received more public attention. In this study. NO3-N, dissolved P (DP) and particulate P (PP) concentrations and loads were investigated for four sub-basins (labeled 1-4 going up the watershed) within a mixed land use watershed (39.5 ha) in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. The hot moments of NO3-N concentration and load occurred in base flow and during the non-growing season. Great and temporally variable DP and PP concentrations were observed in storm flow. The hot moments of DP concentration and load were in storm flow from May to December and from September to Nov, respectively, while the hot moments of PP concentration and load were in storm flow from January to June. The NO3-N, DP, and PP loads were compared for all four sub-basins on a loss per length of stream reach basis to determine the hot spots and their corresponding losses. The hot spots and hot moments of NO3-N loads were in Sub-basins 1 and 4 during the non-growing season base flow period and Sub-basin 2 during the post-growing season base flow period (>110 g m(-1) mo(-1)). The hot spots of DP loads were also in Subbasins 1 and 4, but during the growing and post-growing season storm flow period (>1.4 g m(-1) mo(-1)). In contrast, the hot spots and hot moments of PP load were in Sub-basin 3 during the pre-growing and growing season storm flow, as much as 13.4 and 14.1 g m(-1) mo(-1), respectively. Controlling factors of nutrient export were discussed in this study, including season, hydrology (base flow, storm flow, surface and subsurface runoff), and land use. Although different hot moments and hot spots within the watershed were identified for NO3-N, DP, and PP losses, the implementation of a couple of management practices (cover crops and no-till) might be sufficient to effectively reduce nutrient losses from this and similar Valley and Ridge watersheds. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Qing; Schmidt, John P.; Bryant, Ray B.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhu, Q (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, 73 E Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM qzhu@niglas.ac.cn NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 414 BP 393 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.11.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 902ZE UT WOS:000301081900036 ER PT J AU Wood, CE Boue, SM Collins-Burow, BM Rhodes, LV Register, TC Cline, JM Dewi, FN Burow, ME AF Wood, Charles E. Boue, Stephen M. Collins-Burow, Bridgette M. Rhodes, Lyndsay V. Register, Thomas C. Cline, J. Mark Dewi, Fitriya N. Burow, Matthew E. TI Glyceollin-Elicited Soy Protein Consumption Induces Distinct Transcriptional Effects As Compared to Standard Soy Protein SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glyceollin; soy; isoflavone; estrogen receptor; metabolism ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ASPERGILLUS-SOJAE; BREAST-CANCER; MONKEYS; ISOFLAVONES; TAMOXIFEN; ACCUMULATION; WOMEN; RISK; PHYTOESTROGENS AB Glyceollins are stress-induced compounds in soybeans with bioactive properties distinct from parent soy isoflavones. The goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of dietary glyceollin-enriched and standard soy protein isolates and identify candidate target pathways of glyceollins on transcriptional profiles within mammary gland tissue. Thirty female postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys were randomized to diets containing one of three protein sources for 3 weeks: (1) control casein/lactalbumin (C/L), (2) standard soy protein containing 194 mg/day isoflavones (SOY), and (3) glyceollin-enriched soy protein containing 189 mg/day isoflavones + 134 mg/day glyceollins (GLY). All diets contained a physiologic dose of estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day). All doses are expressed in human equivalents scaled by caloric intake. Relative to the control C/L diet, the GLY diet resulted in greater numbers of differentially regulated genes, which showed minimal overlap with those of SOY. Effects of GLY related primarily to pathways involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, adipocytokine expression, triglyceride synthesis, and lipase activity. Notable genes upregulated by the GLY diet included PPAR-gamma, adiponectin, leptin, lipin 1, and lipoprotein lipase. The GLY diet also resulted in lower serum total cholesterol, specifically nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum triglycerides as compared to the C/L diet. No effects of GLY or SOY were seen on serum insulin, adipocytokines, or vascular and bone turnover markers. These preliminary findings suggest that glyceollin-enriched soy protein has divergent effects from standard soy with some specificity for adipocyte activity and nutrient metabolism. C1 [Collins-Burow, Bridgette M.; Rhodes, Lyndsay V.; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Wood, Charles E.; Register, Thomas C.; Cline, J. Mark; Dewi, Fitriya N.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Comparat Med Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Boue, Stephen M.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Burow, ME (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM mburow@tulane.edu RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 FU WFSM Department of Pathology; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-AT00639, K01-RR021322]; U.S. Department of Agriculture; American Cancer Society (ACS); Solae Company; Tulane University School of Medicine FX This study was supported by funds from the WFSM Department of Pathology. The parent study was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01-AT00639 and K01-RR021322), the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the American Cancer Society (ACS). The SOY diet protein isolate was generously provided by The Solae Company (St. Louis, MO), while the glyceollin-enriched soy protein was supported by collaborative efforts of The Solae Company, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Tulane University School of Medicine. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1021/jf2034863 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874GI UT WOS:000298943000013 PM 22126086 ER PT J AU Yang, JY Kang, MY Nam, SH Friedman, M AF Yang, Jun Young Kang, Mi Young Nam, Seok Hyun Friedman, Mendel TI Antidiabetic Effects of Rice Hull Smoke Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rice hull liquid smoke; antioxidative effect; mice; oral feeding; antidiabetic effect; biomarkers; mechanism ID RATS; BRAN; ANTIOXIDANT; GLUCOSE; POLYSACCHARIDE; INHIBITION; TOXICITY; STORAGE; ASSAYS; CELLS AB This study investigated the protective effect of a liquid rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against diabetes in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Antidiabetic effects of RHSE were evaluated in both the rat insulinoma-1 cell line (INS-I) and diabetic ICR mice induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of alloxan. Alloxan treatment (10 mM) increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the INS-I cells, which were inversely related to cell viabilities. RHSE inhibited alloxan-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and suppressed the inflammatory reaction in INS-I cells through inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factora-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Dietary administration of 0.5 or 1% RHSE to alloxan-induced diabetic mice caused a decrease in blood glucose and increases in both serum insulin and hepatic glycogen levels. RHSE induced decreases in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) levels and an increase in the glucokinase (GCK) level. These changes resulted in restoring glucose-regulating enzyme levels to control values. Histopathology showed that alloxan also induced damage of Langerhans islet cells of the pancreas and liver necrosis associated with diabetes. Oral administration of RHSE restored the islet and liver cells to normal levels. RISE-supplemented functional food could protect insulin-producing islet cells against damage triggered by oxidative stress and local inflammation associated with diabetes. C1 [Yang, Jun Young; Nam, Seok Hyun] Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Kang, Mi Young] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, SH (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM SHNam@ajou.ac.kr; Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [200901OFT113068122] FX This research received grant support from the Agenda Program (No. 200901OFT113068122), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1021/jf2035077 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874GI UT WOS:000298943000014 PM 22129064 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Weiland, JE Reed, RL Stevens, JF AF Zasada, Inga A. Weiland, Jerry E. Reed, Ralph L. Stevens, Jan F. TI Activity of Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) Seed Meal Glucolimnanthin Degradation Products against Soilborne Pathogens SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nematicidal effect; fungicidal effect; lethal concentration; seed meal ID BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; GLUCOSINOLATE DEGRADATION; SOIL; TOXICITY; IDENTIFICATION; JAVANICA AB Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) is a herbaceous winter spring annual grown as a commercial oilseed crop. The meal remaining after oil extraction from the seed contains up to 4% of the glucosinolate glucolimnanthin. Degradation of glucolimnanthin yields toxic breakdown products, and therefore the meal may have potential in the management of soilborne pathogens. To maximize the pest-suppressive potential of meadowfoam seed meal, it would be beneficial to know the toxicity of individual glucolimnanthin degradation products against specific soilborne pathogens. Meloidogyne hapla second-stage juveniles (J2) and Pythium irregulare and Verticillium dahliae mycelia] cultures were exposed to glucolimnanthin as well as its degradation products. Glucolimnanthin and its degradation product, 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide, were not toxic to any of the soilborne pathogens at concentrations up to 1.0 mg/mL. Two other degradation products, 2-(3-methoxymethyl)ethanethioamide and 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile, were toxic to M. hapla and P. irregulare but not V. dahliae. The predominant enzyme degradation product, 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, was the most toxic compound against all of the soilborne pathogens, with M. hapla being the most sensitive with EC50 values (0.0025 +/- 0.0001 to 0.0027 +/- 0.0001 mg/mL) 20-40 times lower than estimated EC50 mortality values generated for P. irregulare and V. dahliae (0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively). The potential exists to manipulate meadowfoam seed meal to promote the production of specific degradation products. The conversion of glucolimnanthin into its corresponding isothiocyanate should optimize the biopesticidal properties of meadowfoam seed meal against M. hapla, P. irregulare, and V. dahliae. C1 [Zasada, Inga A.; Weiland, Jerry E.] ARS, Hort Crops Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Reed, Ralph L.; Stevens, Jan F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Lab, USDA, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM iazasada@ars.usda.gov OI Stevens, Jan Frederik/0000-0002-6348-9347 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000210] NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1021/jf203913p PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874GI UT WOS:000298943000048 PM 22142246 ER PT J AU Cable, JM Barron-Gafford, GA Ogle, K Pavao-Zuckerman, M Scott, RL Williams, DG Huxman, TE AF Cable, Jessica M. Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Ogle, Kiona Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell Scott, Russell L. Williams, David G. Huxman, Travis E. TI Shrub encroachment alters sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature and moisture SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SUBTROPICAL SAVANNA; MESIC GRASSLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; ECOSYSTEM; DESERT; DECOMPOSITION AB A greater abundance of shrubs in semiarid grasslands affects the spatial patterns of soil temperature, moisture, and litter, resulting in fertile islands with potentially enhanced soil metabolic activity. The goal of this study was to quantify the microsite specificity of soil respiration in a semiarid riparian ecosystem experiencing shrub encroachment. We quantified the response of soil respiration to different microsite conditions created by big mesquite shrubs (near the trunk and the canopy edge), medium-sized mesquite, sacaton bunchgrasses, and open spaces. We hypothesized that soil respiration would be more temperature sensitive and less moisture sensitive and have a greater magnitude in shrub microsites compared with grass and open microsites. Field and incubation soil respiration data were simultaneously analyzed in a Bayesian framework to quantify the microsite-specific temperature and moisture sensitivities and magnitude of respiration. The analysis showed that shrub expansion increases the heterogeneity of respiration. Respiration has greater temperature sensitivity near the shrub canopy edge, and respiration rates are higher overall under big mesquite compared with those of the other microsites. Respiration in the microsites beneath medium-sized mesquites does not behave like a downscaled version of big mesquite microsites. The grass microsites show more similarity to big mesquite microsites than medium-sized shrubs. This study shows there can be a great deal of fine-scale spatial heterogeneity that accompanies shifts in vegetation structure. Such complexity presents a challenge in scaling soil respiration fluxes to the landscape for systems experiencing shrub encroachment, but quantifying this complexity is significantly important in determining overall ecosystem metabolic behavior. C1 [Cable, Jessica M.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85738 USA. [Ogle, Kiona] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Williams, David G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot & Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Cable, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jmcable@alaska.edu RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 FU SAHRA (Sustainability of Semiarid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800]; NSF [DEB-0415977, 0852078]; DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) FX We thank Evan Luo for doing the incubation work, Anna Tyler for collecting the data on plant cover, and Ashley Weide for collecting the data on root biomass. We thank Dan Potts, Nate Pierce, and Kevin Gillam for field assistance, and Lisa Patrick-Bentley for an initial review of our manuscript. This work is supported in part by SAHRA (Sustainability of Semiarid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement EAR-9876800 and NSF award DEB-0415977 to Huxman and Williams. This work was partially supported by a DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) grant to Ogle, and NSF OPP award 0852078 to Cable. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G01001 DI 10.1029/2011JG001757 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 877KP UT WOS:000299179600001 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Asadauskas, SJ McClure, TG AF Biresaw, Girma Asadauskas, Svajus J. McClure, Ted G. TI Polysulfide and Biobased Extreme Pressure Additive Performance in Vegetable vs Paraffinic Base Oils SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; LUBRICATION PROPERTIES; COCONUT OIL; SEED OILS; FRICTION; BEHAVIOR; ESTERS; COEFFICIENT; ADSORPTION AB Twist compression tribotester (TCT) and 4-ball extreme pressure (EP) methods were used to investigate commercial polysulfide (PS) and biobased polyester (PE) EP additives in paraffinic (150N) and refined soybean (SOY) base oils of similar viscosity. Binary blends of EP additive and base oil were investigated as a function of additive concentration. In addition to weld point (WP), 4-ball EP produced a set of preweld data, notably peak torque and wear scar diameter, which were found to correlate with WP results. TCT gave a 5-fold larger time-to-failure (TTF) for neat SOY than for neat 150N, whereas 4-ball EP gave similar WP (120 kgf) values for both neat oils. This difference was explained by invoking boundary contribution to TCT but not to 4-ball EP method. Both additives improved the WP and TTF of the base oils, which further increased with increasing additive concentration. However, the extent of the improvements was highly dependent on the chemistries of the additive and base oil of the blends. Thus, at similar concentrations, the WP of PE was higher in the 150N than in the SOY base oil, while the WP of PS was higher in the SOY than in the 150N base oil. Similarly, TTF of 150N was higher with blended PE than PS; whereas for SOY, it was higher with blended PS than PE. This chemistry effect was attributed to relative compatibility between EP additives and base fluids. The results suggest that a substantial reduction (up to 4-fold) in EP additive usage in commercial lubricant formulations can be achieved through proper selection of compatible base fluids and additives. C1 [Biresaw, Girma] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Asadauskas, Svajus J.] Ctr Phys Sci & Technol, Inst Chem, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [McClure, Ted G.] TribSys LLC, Valparaiso, IN 46385 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM girma.biresaw@ars.usda.gov RI Asadauskas, Svajus/A-6766-2010 OI Asadauskas, Svajus/0000-0001-9267-5280 FU United Soybean Board [8420]; European Commission [MIRG-CT-2006-044802]; Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation [B-16/2009] FX United Soybean Board grant 8420 "Soybean oil to improve boundary lubrication of metalworking fluids," European Commission grant MIRG-CT-2006-044802 "Lubricant Chemistry," Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation grant B-16/2009 "Bioskalester," and the cooperation of James R Mieczkowski from Fuchs Lubricants Co. are sincerely acknowledged. The authors also gratefully appreciate Ms. Linda (Xiaozhou) Cao for help with 4-ball EP experiments and Dr. John Baltrus (Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory) for the advice. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 1 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1021/ie2015685 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 874GK UT WOS:000298943200029 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Huet, JM AF Eggleston, Gillian Huet, Jean-Marc TI The measurement of mannitol in beet sugar factories to monitor deterioration and processing problems SO SUGAR INDUSTRY-ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article DE sugar beet deterioration; lactic acid bacteria; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; mannitol; dextran; monitoring; control AB The major (but not sole) contributor to beet deterioration in many countries, particularly when warm and humid conditions prevail, is infection by hetero-fermentative Leuconostoc mesenteroides lactic acid bacteria. In recent years it has emerged that mannitol is a major product of L. mesenteroides deterioration of sugar beet and a sensitive marker that can predict processing problems. How mannitol and dextran formation are related is described. An enzymatic factory method that is rapid, simple, accurate, and inexpensive is now available to measure mannitol in juices and is also applicable to downstream products. The method recently became an Official ICUMSA Method GS8-12. Numerous factories in Europe, including France, Germany, Belgium, and Poland are now using the method to monitor for Leuconostoc activity in beets, press water, raw, and thin juices. In two Belgian factories steam disinfections of juice/cossettes heat exchangers are applied when critical levels (>160 mg/L) of mannitol are detected. At a German factory, heat exchangers are treated regularly with sodium hydroxide when mannitol content becomes greater than 50-60 mg/L. In numerous French factories, mannitol levels are helping to control filtration difficulties. Mannitol balances undertaken by Groupement D'Exchanges Techniques during the 2009 beet campaign are discussed. C1 [Eggleston, Gillian] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Huet, Jean-Marc] Ste Vermandoise Ind, Sucrerie St Emilie, Grp Echanges Tech, F-80240 Villers Facuon, France. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Gillian.Eggleston@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 SUGAR IND JI Sugar Ind. PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 903YV UT WOS:000301160300004 ER PT J AU Mertens, JA Hector, RE Bowman, MJ AF Mertens, Jeffrey A. Hector, Ronald E. Bowman, Michael J. TI Subsite binding energies of an exo-polygalacturonase using isothermal titration calorimetry SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Polygalacturonase; Isothermal titration calorimetry; Substrate binding; Thermodynamics ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; FUNGAL POLYGALACTURONASES; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE II; EXOPOLYGALACTURONASE; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; HYDROLASES; ACIDS AB Thermodynamic parameters for binding of a series of galacturonic acid oligomers to an exopolygalacturonase, RPG16 from Rhizopus oryzae, were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Binding of oligomers varying in chain length from two to five galacturonic acid residues is an exothermic process that is enthalpically driven and results in extremely tight binding of the substrate to RPG16. Binding energies in combination with prior biochemical data suggests that RPG16 has the potential for five subsites, -1 to +4, with the greatest contribution to binding energies arising from subsite -1/+1. While the enthalpic contribution to binding decreases substantially for subsites +2 to +4, beneficial entropic effects occur in subsites +3 and +4 leading to increased total free energy as the length of oligomer increases. This information will be useful for additional studies in determining the binding contributions of specific amino acids with mutant enzymes. Published by Elsevier B.V. RP Mertens, JA (reprint author), ARS, Bioenergy Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Jeffrey.Mertens@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 527 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2011.10.029 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 892HG UT WOS:000300276700030 ER PT J AU Boutanaev, AM Nemchinov, LG AF Boutanaev, Alexander M. Nemchinov, Lev G. TI Are clustered genes in the genomes of Arabidopsis and Drosophila regulated differently? SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Gene profiling; EST mapping; Transcription factors; Gene clusters; Evolution ID NEIGHBORING GENES; COEXPRESSED GENES; CHROMATIN; EXPRESSION; THALIANA; COMPLEX; CHROMOSOME; TISSUE; MAP AB In the eukaryotic genome, genes with similar functions tend to co-localize in close proximity. Such gene clusters together with non-clustered genes constitute a chromatin domain which is a higher order regulatory unit. On a lower level co-expressed genes are regulated by differential activity of transcription factors (TF). We compared genome-wide distributions of IF in gene clusters in the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana. This revealed a significant excess of IF genes in gene clusters of the Arabidopsis genome, whereas in the genome of Drosophila distribution of IF in gene clusters did not differ from stochastic. We speculate that these alternatives could lead to different pathways of regulation of clustered genes in two species and to evolutionary-progressive changes in architecture of regulatory networks, governing the activity of clustered genes in the animal kingdom. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boutanaev, Alexander M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [Boutanaev, Alexander M.; Nemchinov, Lev G.] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boutanaev, AM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Inst St 2, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. EM boutanaev@mail.ru FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences FX We thank J. Hammond for critical reading of the manuscript and valuable comments and Wesley Schonborn for language editing. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and by the Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 491 IS 2 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2011.09.023 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 868PO UT WOS:000298535400028 PM 22008664 ER PT J AU Lewis, JD Wan, J Ford, R Gong, YC Fung, P Nahal, H Wang, PW Desveaux, D Guttman, DS AF Lewis, Jennifer D. Wan, Janet Ford, Rachel Gong, Yunchen Fung, Pauline Nahal, Hardeep Wang, Pauline W. Desveaux, Darrell Guttman, David S. TI Quantitative Interactor Screening with next-generation Sequencing (QIS-Seq) identifies Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2 as a target of the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ2 SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Next-generation sequencing; yeast two-hybrid; high-throughput screening; Arabidopsis; Pseudomonas syringae; type III effector; MLO2; HopZ ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE; INNATE IMMUNITY; SECRETION SYSTEM; GENETIC SYSTEM; CELL-WALL; PROTEIN; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; PLANTS; RIN4 AB Background: Identification of protein-protein interactions is a fundamental aspect of understanding protein function. A commonly used method for identifying protein interactions is the yeast two-hybrid system. Results: Here we describe the application of next-generation sequencing to yeast two-hybrid interaction screens and develop Quantitative Interactor Screen Sequencing (QIS-Seq). QIS-Seq provides a quantitative measurement of enrichment for each interactor relative to its frequency in the library as well as its general stickiness (non-specific binding). The QIS-Seq approach is scalable and can be used with any yeast two-hybrid screen and with any next-generation sequencing platform. The quantitative nature of QIS-Seq data make it amenable to statistical evaluation, and importantly, facilitates the standardization of experimental design, data collection, and data analysis. We applied QIS-Seq to identify the Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2 protein as a target of the Pseudomonas syringae type III secreted effector protein HopZ2. We validate the interaction between HopZ2 and MLO2 in planta and show that the interaction is required for HopZ2-associated virulence. Conclusions: We demonstrate that QIS-Seq is a high-throughput quantitative interactor screen and validate MLO2 as an interactor and novel virulence target of the P. syringae type III secreted effector HopZ2. C1 [Lewis, Jennifer D.; Wan, Janet; Ford, Rachel; Wang, Pauline W.; Desveaux, Darrell; Guttman, David S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Cell & Syst Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Gong, Yunchen; Fung, Pauline; Nahal, Hardeep; Wang, Pauline W.; Desveaux, Darrell; Guttman, David S.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Anal Genome Evolut & Funct, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Lewis, Jennifer D.] USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Desveaux, D (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Cell & Syst Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. EM darrell.desveaux@utoronto.ca; david.guttman@utoronto.ca FU NSERC; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function FX We are grateful to Mike Wilton for infiltrating the plants, preparing the RNA used in the cDNA library construction and sharing the QIS-Seq data for HopF2Pto; Dr. Igor Stagljar for split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid vectors and yeast strain; the Arabidopsis Biological Research Center (ABRC) for providing seed stocks. This research was supported by NSERC discovery grants to DD and DSG a Canada Research Chair in Plant-Microbe Systems Biology (DD) or Comparative Genomics (D. S. G.); the Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (DD and DSG); and an NSERC undergraduate research award (JW). NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 9 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-8 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 921DS UT WOS:000302458800001 PM 22230763 ER PT J AU Jensen, PJ Halbrendt, N Fazio, G Makalowska, I Altman, N Praul, C Maximova, SN Ngugi, HK Crassweller, RM Travis, JW McNellis, TW AF Jensen, Philip J. Halbrendt, Noemi Fazio, Gennaro Makalowska, Izabela Altman, Naomi Praul, Craig Maximova, Siela N. Ngugi, Henry K. Crassweller, Robert M. Travis, James W. McNellis, Timothy W. TI Rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns associated with fire blight resistance in apple SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MALUS X DOMESTICA; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; CELL-DEATH; ARABIDOPSIS; DEFENSE; SORBITOL; JASMONATE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Background: Desirable apple varieties are clonally propagated by grafting vegetative scions onto rootstocks. Rootstocks influence many phenotypic traits of the scion, including resistance to pathogens such as Erwinia amylovora, which causes fire blight, the most serious bacterial disease of apple. The purpose of the present study was to quantify rootstock-mediated differences in scion fire blight susceptibility and to identify transcripts in the scion whose expression levels correlated with this response. Results: Rootstock influence on scion fire blight resistance was quantified by inoculating three-year old, orchard-grown apple trees, consisting of 'Gala' scions grafted to a range of rootstocks, with E. amylovora. Disease severity was measured by the extent of shoot necrosis over time. 'Gala' scions grafted to G.30 or MM.111 rootstocks showed the lowest rates of necrosis, while 'Gala' on M.27 and B.9 showed the highest rates of necrosis. 'Gala' scions on M.7, S.4 or M.9F56 had intermediate necrosis rates. Using an apple DNA microarray representing 55,230 unique transcripts, gene expression patterns were compared in healthy, un inoculated, greenhouse-grown 'Gala' scions on the same series of rootstocks. We identified 690 transcripts whose steady-state expression levels correlated with the degree of fire blight susceptibility of the scion/rootstock combinations. Transcripts known to be differentially expressed during E. amylovora infection were disproportionately represented among these transcripts. A second-generation apple microarray representing 26,000 transcripts was developed and was used to test these correlations in an orchard-grown population of trees segregating for fire blight resistance. Of the 690 transcripts originally identified using the first-generation array, 39 had expression levels that correlated with fire blight resistance in the breeding population. Conclusions: Rootstocks had significant effects on the fire blight susceptibility of 'Gala' scions, and rootstock-regulated gene expression patterns could be correlated with differences in susceptibility. The results suggest a relationship between rootstock-regulated fire blight susceptibility and sorbitol dehydrogenase, phenylpropanoid metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and endocytosis, among others. This study illustrates the utility of our rootstock-regulated gene expression data sets for candidate trait-associated gene data mining. C1 [Jensen, Philip J.; Halbrendt, Noemi; Ngugi, Henry K.; Travis, James W.; McNellis, Timothy W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Halbrendt, Noemi; Ngugi, Henry K.; Travis, James W.] Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. [Fazio, Gennaro] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Makalowska, Izabela] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Biol, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Poznan, Poland. [Altman, Naomi] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Praul, Craig] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Maximova, Siela N.; Crassweller, Robert M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McNellis, TW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM twm4@psu.edu FU NSF [04-20394] FX This project was funded by NSF Plant Genome Research Program Grant No. 04-20394 to TWM, SNM, JWT and RMC. We thank Candace L. Price for performing sample labeling and hybridization of our second-generation DNA microarrays. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 9 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 9 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-13-9 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 890NX UT WOS:000300152500001 PM 22229964 ER PT J AU Saunders, DGO Win, J Cano, LM Szabo, LJ Kamoun, S Raffaele, S AF Saunders, Diane G. O. Win, Joe Cano, Liliana M. Szabo, Les J. Kamoun, Sophien Raffaele, Sylvain TI Using Hierarchical Clustering of Secreted Protein Families to Classify and Rank Candidate Effectors of Rust Fungi SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEINS; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; PLANT-CELLS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MAGNAPORTHE-ORYZAE; AVIRULENCE GENES; PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA; GENOME SEQUENCE; REPEAT PROTEIN; FLAX RUST AB Rust fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause considerable damage on crop plants. Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stem rust, and Melampsora larici-populina, the poplar leaf rust pathogen, have strong deleterious impacts on wheat and poplar wood production, respectively. Filamentous pathogens such as rust fungi secrete molecules called disease effectors that act as modulators of host cell physiology and can suppress or trigger host immunity. Current knowledge on effectors from other filamentous plant pathogens can be exploited for the characterisation of effectors in the genome of recently sequenced rust fungi. We designed a comprehensive in silico analysis pipeline to identify the putative effector repertoire from the genome of two plant pathogenic rust fungi. The pipeline is based on the observation that known effector proteins from filamentous pathogens have at least one of the following properties: (i) contain a secretion signal, (ii) are encoded by in planta induced genes, (iii) have similarity to haustorial proteins, (iv) are small and cysteine rich, (v) contain a known effector motif or a nuclear localization signal, (vi) are encoded by genes with long intergenic regions, (vii) contain internal repeats, and (viii) do not contain PFAM domains, except those associated with pathogenicity. We used Markov clustering and hierarchical clustering to classify protein families of rust pathogens and rank them according to their likelihood of being effectors. Using this approach, we identified eight families of candidate effectors that we consider of high value for functional characterization. This study revealed a diverse set of candidate effectors, including families of haustorial expressed secreted proteins and small cysteine-rich proteins. This comprehensive classification of candidate effectors from these devastating rust pathogens is an initial step towards probing plant germplasm for novel resistance components. C1 [Saunders, Diane G. O.; Win, Joe; Cano, Liliana M.; Kamoun, Sophien; Raffaele, Sylvain] Sainsbury Lab, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Szabo, Les J.] Agr Res Serv, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP Saunders, DGO (reprint author), Sainsbury Lab, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich, Norfolk, England. EM sophien.kamoun@tsl.ac.uk; sylvain.raffaele@tsl.ac.uk RI Raffaele, Sylvain/F-7187-2012; Kamoun, Sophien/B-3529-2009; Win, Joe/H-2557-2014; Saunders, Diane/N-1916-2015; Cano, Liliana/O-7041-2016 OI Kamoun, Sophien/0000-0002-0290-0315; Win, Joe/0000-0002-9851-2404; Cano, Liliana/0000-0002-7996-4181 FU Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Leverhulme; Marie Curie IEF FX This project was funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, a Leverhulme early career fellowship to D.G.O.S. and a Marie Curie IEF Fellowship to S. R. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 AR e29847 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0029847 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 904IR UT WOS:000301188800042 PM 22238666 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI The Aventiinae, Boletobiinae, Eublemminae, Pangraptinae, Phytometrinae, and Scolecocampinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE systematics; all taxa biodiversity inventory; North Carolina; Tennessee; host plants ID CLASSIFICATION AB Twenty-five species of Erebidae are documented from Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) from the following subfamilies: Aventiinae (1 species), Boletobiinae (7 species), Eublemminae (1 species), Pangraptinae (2 species), Phytometrinae (6 species), and Scolecocampinae (8 species). Each species is documented with an adult image, description/diagnosis, flight period, park distribution, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts. The most common (155 specimens) and widespread (40 localities) species was Pangrapta decoralis Hubner. Scolecocampa liburna (Geyer) is the next most common (87 specimens) and widespread (30 localities). The most species rich locality was the combination of the 11 localities along the Foothills Parkway, Cocke Co., Tennessee. C1 NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov FU Discover Life in America (DLIA) FX Discover Life in America (DLIA) provided partial funding for this project in 2003, 2004, and 2007. Jeanie Hilten of DLIA was helpful in providing logistic support during my stays in GSMNP and Keith Langdon of the National Park Service was instrumental in providing collecting permits. David L. Wagner (University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT) and Brian Scholtens (College of Charleston, Charleston, SC) organized and invited me to participate in the Lepidoptera BioBlitzes held during 2000, 2002, and 2004. Brian Scholtens provided his main database of the Noctuidae, which was helpful in obtaining records that were new to me. David Wagner provided specimens included in this study. Charyn Micheli (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S.D.A., Washington, DC) prepared the figures. For critically reviewing a draft of this paper, I thank Eric H. Metzler (Alamogordo, New Mexico), James K. Adams, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA, and Thomas J. Henry and Sonja J. Scheffer (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S.D.A., Washington, DC). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 6 PY 2012 IS 3153 BP 1 EP 31 PG 31 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 887QH UT WOS:000299943000001 ER PT J AU Kappes, MA Sandbulte, MR Platt, R Wang, C Lager, KM Henningson, JN Lorusso, A Vincent, AL Loving, CL Roth, JA Kehrli, ME AF Kappes, Matthew A. Sandbulte, Matthew R. Platt, Ratree Wang, Chong Lager, Kelly M. Henningson, Jamie N. Lorusso, Alessio Vincent, Amy L. Loving, Crystal L. Roth, James A. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. TI Vaccination with NS1-truncated H3N2 swine influenza virus primes T cells and confers cross-protection against an H1N1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Swine influenza virus; Modified live vaccine; T-cell immunity; Heterosubtypic cross protection ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; UNITED-STATES; A VIRUSES; CYTOTOXIC-T; NS1 PROTEINS; IMMUNITY; IMMUNOGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION; ATTENUATION AB The diversity of contemporary swine influenza virus (SIV) strains impedes effective immunization of swine herds. Mucosally delivered, attenuated virus vaccines are one approach with potential to provide broad cross-protection. Reverse genetics-derived H3N2 SIV virus with truncated NS1 (NS1 Delta 126 TX98) is attenuated and immunogenic when delivered intranasally in young pigs. We analyzed T-cell priming and cross-protective efficacy in weanling piglets after intranasal inoculation with NS1 Delta 126 TX98 versus wild type TX98. In vivo replication of the truncation mutant was minimal compared to the wild type virus. T-cell responses were greater in magnitude in pigs infected with the wild type virus in in vitro restimulation assays. According to the expression of activation marker CD25, peripheral T cell recall responses in NS1 Delta 126 TX98 infected pigs were minimal. However, intracellular IFN-gamma data indicate that the attenuated virus induced virus-specific CD4(+)CD8(-), CD4(+)CD8(+), CD4(-)CD8(+), and gamma delta T cells within 28 days. The IFN-gamma response appeared to contract, as responses were reduced at later time points prior to challenge. CD4(+)CD8(+) cells isolated 5 days after heterosubtypic H1N1 challenge (day 70 overall) showed an elevated CD25 response to virus restimulation. Pigs previously infected with wild type TX98 were protected from replication of the H1N1 challenge virus. Vaccination with NS1 Delta 126 TX98 was associated with significantly lower levels of Th1-associated cytokines in infected lungs but provided partial cross-protection against the H1N1 challenge. These results demonstrate that NS1 Delta SIV vaccines can elicit cell-mediated cross-protection against antigenically divergent strains. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kappes, Matthew A.; Lager, Kelly M.; Henningson, Jamie N.; Lorusso, Alessio; Vincent, Amy L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kappes, Matthew A.; Sandbulte, Matthew R.; Platt, Ratree; Roth, James A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA USA. [Wang, Chong] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Kehrli, ME (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM marcus.kehrli@ars.usda.gov RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009; Lorusso, Alessio/A-7311-2016 OI Wang, Chong/0000-0003-4489-4344; Lorusso, Alessio/0000-0001-6156-8212; Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X; Lorusso, Alessio/0000-0001-7933-7367 FU USDA-ARS FX Authors wish to thank Michelle Harland, Deborah Adolphson, Ann Vorwald, Sarah Pohl, Dr. Laura Miller, Dr. Janice Ciacci-Zanella, and Dr. Eraldo Zanella for technical assistance and would also like to also thank Jason Huegel and Brian Pottebaum for animal caretaker assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Funding was provided by USDA-ARS. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 5 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.098 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 887YU UT WOS:000299971800026 PM 22067263 ER PT J AU Borca, MV Pacheco, JM Holinka, LG Carrillo, C Hartwig, E Garriga, D Kramer, E Rodriguez, L Piccone, ME AF Borca, Manuel V. Pacheco, Juan M. Holinka, Lauren G. Carrillo, Consuelo Hartwig, Ethan Garriga, Damia Kramer, Edward Rodriguez, Luis Piccone, Maria E. TI Role of arginine-56 within the structural protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O1 Campos in virus virulence SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Virus attenuation; Structural protein VP3 ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENETIC-VARIATION; NONCODING REGION; PANASIA STRAIN; RNA; RECEPTOR; MUTATION; SURFACE; CELLS AB FMDV O1 subtype undergoes antigenic variation under diverse growth conditions. Of particular interest is the amino acid variation observed at position 56 within the structural protein VP3. Selective pressures influence whether histidine (H) or arginine (R) is present at this position, ultimately influencing in vitro plaque morphology and in vivo pathogenesis in cattle. Using reverse genetics techniques, we have constructed FMDV type O1 Campos variants differing only at VP3 position 56, possessing either an H or R (O1Ca-VP3-56H and O1Ca-VP3-56R, respectively), and characterized their in vitro phenotype and virulence in the natural host. Both viruses showed similar growth kinetics in vitro. Conversely, they had distinct temperature-sensitivity (ts) and displayed significantly different pathogenic profiles in cattle and swine. O1Ca-VP3-56H was therm stable and induced typical clinical signs of FMD, whereas O1Ca-VP3-56R presented a ts phenotype and was nonpathogenic unless VP3 position 56 reverted in vivo to either H or cysteine (C). (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Piccone, Maria E.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Carrillo, Consuelo] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [Garriga, Damia] CSIC, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Piccone, Maria E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Piccone, ME (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mariapiccone@hotmail.com OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Garriga, Damia/0000-0003-0410-538X; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 2012 VL 422 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2011.09.031 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 859UW UT WOS:000297902300005 PM 22036313 ER PT S AU Welch, KD Provenza, FD Pfister, JA AF Welch, K. D. Provenza, F. D. Pfister, J. A. BE Casasus, I Rogosic, J Rosati, A Stokovic, I Gabina, D TI Do plant secondary compounds induce epigenetic changes that confer resistance or susceptibility to toxicosis in animals? SO ANIMAL FARMING AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION SE EAAP European Association for Animal Production Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Mediterranean Symposium on Animal Farming and Environment Interactions in Mediterranean Region CY OCT 27-29, 2010 CL Zadar, CROATIA SP Univ Zadar, European Federat Anim Sci Mediterranean Reg, Food & Agr Org United Nat, Int Ctr Adv Mediterranean Agron Studies, Spanish Natl Inst Agr & Food Res & Technol, European Federat Anim Sci, European Reg Dev Fund DE epigenetics; toxins; genome; behaviour ID ORIGIN ALLELIC EXPRESSION; RAGWORT SENECIO-JACOBAEA; LOW-QUALITY ROUGHAGE; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; TRANSGENERATIONAL ACTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; NEOTOMA-STEPHENSI; FOOD PREFERENCES; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; EARLY EXPERIENCE AB Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in phenotype, or gene expression, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. While cellular alterations such as DNA methylation may remain for multiple generations, the underlying DNA sequence of the organism does not change. Rather, non-genetic factors cause the organism's genes to be expressed differently. In essence, the epigenome is a layer of biological reactions that controls whether or not genes will be expressed. For example, rodents given dietary supplements show epigenetic changes that affect expression of genes which alter their fur colour, weight, and propensity to develop cancer. In human medicine, epigenetic alterations are clearly implicated in the development of cancer, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In this paper we will review possible epigenetic changes, and their interactions with in utero and early life experiences. We also discuss how epigenetic alterations may interact with animals' consumption of plant secondary compounds by altering critical physiological defense mechanisms in the liver and other tissues. C1 [Welch, K. D.; Pfister, J. A.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 978-90-8686-741-7; 978-90-8686-184-2 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 2012 IS 131 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BID15 UT WOS:000327613600003 ER PT J AU Orwig, DA Thompson, JR Povak, NA Manner, M Niebyl, D Foster, DR AF Orwig, David A. Thompson, Jonathan R. Povak, Nicholas A. Manner, Megan Niebyl, Donald Foster, David R. TI A foundation tree at the precipice: Tsuga canadensis health after the arrival of Adelges tsugae in central New England SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; hemlock woolly adelgid; infestation dynamics; landscape patterns; logging; Mantel test; Massachusetts; regression tree analysis; tree vigor; Tsuga canadensis ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; INVASIVE HERBIVORES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HEADWATER STREAMS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FOREST RESPONSE; HEMLOCK FORESTS; RANGE EXPANSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) plays a unique role in Eastern forests, producing distinctive biogeochemical, habitat, and microclimatic conditions and yet has begun a potentially irreversible decline due to the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; HWA) that causes foliar damage, crown loss, and mortality of host trees. Understanding the regional, landscape, site, and stand factors influencing HWA spread and impact is critical for predicting future landscape dynamics and directing effective management. Using aerial photographs, we documented hemlock distribution throughout central Massachusetts and subsampled 123 stands to examine the spatial pattern of HWA and its impact on tree vigor and mortality since its arrival in 1989. In the study region, over 86,000 ha of hemlock forest were mapped in 5,127 stands. White pine (Pinus strobus), red oak (Quercus rubra), red maple (Acer rubrum), and black birch (Betula lenta) were common overstory associates. Hemlock abundance increased from south to north, commonly on western and northwestern slopes. Average stand size was 55 ha, overstory basal area ranged from 23 to 55 m(2) ha(-1) and overstory stem densities averaged 993 ha(-1). By 2004, 40% of sampled stands were infested, but most stands remained in good health overall; only 8 stands contained high HWA densities and only two had lost >50% overstory hemlock. Out of fifteen stand and landscape predictor variables examined, only latitude and winter climate variables were related to HWA density. Cold temperatures appear to be slowing the spread and impact of HWA at its northern extent as HWA infestation intensity and hemlock mortality and vigor were significantly correlated with average minimum winter temperature. Contrary to predictions, there was no regional increase in hemlock harvesting. The results suggest that regional HWA-hemlock dynamics are currently being shaped more by climate than by a combination of landscape and social factors. The persistence and migration of HWA continues to pose a significant threat regionally, especially in the northern portion of the study area, where hemlock dominates many forests. C1 [Orwig, David A.; Thompson, Jonathan R.; Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Thompson, Jonathan R.] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Povak, Nicholas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Manner, Megan] Colorado Cattlemens Agr Land Trust, Arvada, CO 80002 USA. [Niebyl, Donald] ACRT, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Orwig, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. EM orwig@fas.harvard.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0236897]; USDA [01-DG-11244225-037]; Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc. [AN 08-09]; Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Program FX We thank Janice Stone for aerial photo interpretation, Julie Hall for digitizing, zoom-transfer assistance, and base map creation, and Matthew Burr for field assistance. We are grateful to Brian Hall for GIS assistance and the Department of Natural Resources Conservation at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, for loaning aerial photographs. This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant # DEB-0236897), The USDA (Focus Funding Grant # 01-DG-11244225-037), The Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc. (Award # AN 08-09), and the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Program. A. Barker-Plotkin, G. Motzkin, B. Colburn, J. O'Keefe, A. Ellison, S. Collins, and two anonymous reviewers provided critical comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 AR UNSP 10 DI 10.1890/ES11-0277.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256GT UT WOS:000327298400010 ER PT J AU Parks, SA Parisien, MA Miller, C AF Parks, Sean A. Parisien, Marc-Andre Miller, Carol TI Spatial bottom-up controls on fire likelihood vary across western North America SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE burn probability; fire; fuels; ignitions; simulation modeling; topography ID LOW-SEVERITY FIRE; SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; NEUTRAL MODELS; BOREAL FOREST; REGIMES; CLIMATE; SPREAD; WILDFIRE AB The unique nature of landscapes has challenged our ability to make generalizations about the effects of bottom-up controls on fire regimes. For four geographically distinct fire-prone landscapes in western North America, we used a consistent simulation approach to quantify the influence of three key bottom-up factors, ignitions, fuels, and topography, on spatial patterns of fire likelihood. We first developed working hypotheses predicting the influence of each factor based on its spatial structure (i.e., autocorrelation) in each of the four study areas. We then used a simulation model parameterized with extensive fire environment data to create high-resolution maps of fire likelihood, or burn probability (BP). To infer the influence of each bottom-up factor within and among study areas, these BP maps were compared to parallel sets of maps in which one of the three bottom-up factors was randomized. Results showed that ignition pattern had a relatively minor influence on the BP across all four study areas, whereas the influence of fuels was large. The influence of topography was the most equivocal among study areas; it had an insignificant influence in one study area and was the dominant control in another. We also found that the relationship between the influence of these factors and their spatial structure appeared nonlinear, which may have important implications for management activities aimed at attenuating the effect of fuels or ignitions on wildfire risk. This comparative study using landscapes with different biophysical and fire regime characteristics demonstrates the importance of employing consistent methodology to pinpoint the influence of bottom-up controls. C1 [Parks, Sean A.; Miller, Carol] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Parisien, Marc-Andre] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T5H 3S5, Canada. RP Parks, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM sean_parks@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 06-4-1-04] FX We acknowledge funding from the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP 06-4-1-04. We thank Xianli Wang for thoughtful comments that significantly improved this manuscript and Mark Finney and Alan Ager for their computer and software support. We also thank those who helped us gather data and expert knowledge of the study areas, including Dennis Fahl, John Kramers, Fred Hernandez and Charles Maxwell (GALWC), Erin Law, Mike Lubke, Matt Young, Tobin Kelly, Matt Young, Guy Williams and Rick Stratton (SBW), Dave Bartlett (SS), and Keith Hartery, Mark Heathcott, and Rita Antoniak (WBNP). NR 78 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 AR UNSP 12 DI 10.1890/ES11-00298.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256GT UT WOS:000327298400012 ER PT S AU Bosma, WB Appell, M AF Bosma, Wayne B. Appell, Michael BE Cozzini, P Kellogg, GE TI Quantum Chemical Studies of Estrogenic Compounds SO COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO NUCLEAR RECEPTORS SE RSC Drug Discovery Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BETA-D-GLUCANS; DRUG DISCOVERY; ELLAGIC ACID; RECEPTOR; DERIVATIVES; ESTRONE; DENSITY; COMPLEXATION; QSAR C1 [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. [Appell, Michael] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bosma, WB (reprint author), Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM bosma@bradley.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-3203 BN 978-1-84973-535-3; 978-1-84973-364-9 J9 RSC DRUG DISCOV JI RSC Drug Discov. PY 2012 IS 30 BP 110 EP 116 D2 10.1039/9781849735353 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BHW15 UT WOS:000326812100007 ER PT S AU Hall, MB AF Hall, Mary Beth BE Preedy, VR TI The Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase Assay for Glucose SO DIETARY SUGARS: CHEMISTRY, ANALYSIS, FUNCTION AND EFFECTS SE Food and Nutritional Components in Focus LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STARCH C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM marybeth.hall@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2045-1695 BN 978-1-84973-492-9; 978-1-84973-370-0 J9 FOOD NUTR COMPON FOC PY 2012 IS 3 BP 340 EP 357 DI 10.1039/9781849734929-00340 D2 10.1039/9781849734929 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BHT55 UT WOS:000326637600021 ER PT S AU McGrath, JM Fugate, KK AF McGrath, J. Mitchell Fugate, Karen K. BE Preedy, VR TI Analysis of Sucrose from Sugar Beet SO DIETARY SUGARS: CHEMISTRY, ANALYSIS, FUNCTION AND EFFECTS SE Food and Nutritional Components in Focus LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; QUALITY; CARBOHYDRATE; INDUSTRY; FRUIT C1 [McGrath, J. Mitchell] Michigan State Univ, ARS, USDA, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fugate, Karen K.] ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP McGrath, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, ARS, USDA, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 494 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mitchmcg@msu.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2045-1695 BN 978-1-84973-492-9; 978-1-84973-370-0 J9 FOOD NUTR COMPON FOC PY 2012 IS 3 BP 526 EP 545 DI 10.1039/9781849734929-00526 D2 10.1039/9781849734929 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BHT55 UT WOS:000326637600031 ER PT S AU Stephensen, CB AF Stephensen, Charles B. BE Preedy, VR TI Vitamin A and Immune Function SO VITAMIN A AND CAROTENOIDS: CHEMISTRY, ANALYSIS, FUNCTION AND EFFECTS SE Food and Nutritional Components in Focus LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RETINOIC-ACID; DENDRITIC CELLS; BONE-MARROW; RESPONSES; DIFFERENTIATION; GENERATION; REGULATOR; INTESTINE; INFECTION C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Immun & Dis Prevent Res Unit,Western Human Nutr R, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Immun & Dis Prevent Res Unit,Western Human Nutr R, 430 West Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Charles.Stephensen@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2045-1695 BN 978-1-84973-550-6; 978-1-84973-368-7 J9 FOOD NUTR COMPON FOC PY 2012 IS 1 BP 501 EP 515 DI 10.1039/9781849735506-00501 D2 10.1039/9781849735506 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BHT57 UT WOS:000326639400030 ER PT B AU Whitcraft, CR Grewell, BJ Baye, P AF Whitcraft, Christine R. Grewell, Brenda J. Baye, Peter BE Palaima, A TI Tidal Wetland Vegetation and Ecotone Profiles THE RUSH RANCH OPEN SPACE PRESERVE SO ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND RESTORATION OF TIDAL MARSHES: THE SAN FRANCISCO ESTUARY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; PERENNIAL PEPPERWEED; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; ESTUARY; CALIFORNIA; PLANTS; SALINITY; ZONATION C1 [Whitcraft, Christine R.] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Whitcraft, Christine R.] San Francisco Bay NERR, San Francisco, CA USA. [Grewell, Brenda J.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Grewell, Brenda J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Baye, Peter] Annapolis Field Stn, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Whitcraft, CR (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM cwhitcra@csulb.edu; bjgrewell@ucdavis.edu; baye@earthlink.net NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-27429-7; 978-0-520-95401-4 PY 2012 BP 113 EP 134 D2 10.1525/california/9780520274297.001.0001 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BHR02 UT WOS:000326441900009 ER PT J AU Tucker, ML Yang, RH AF Tucker, Mark L. Yang, Ronghui TI IDA-like gene expression in soybean and tomato leaf abscission and requirement for a diffusible stelar abscission signal SO AOB PLANTS LA English DT Article ID FLORAL ORGAN ABSCISSION; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES; INFLORESCENCE-DEFICIENT; CELL-SEPARATION; FLOWER ABSCISSION; ROOT-TIPS; ARABIDOPSIS; ETHYLENE; FAMILY; AUXIN AB Background and aims The stimulatory and inhibitory role of ethylene and auxin, respectively, in leaf abscission (leaf drop) is well documented. More recently, IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) peptides and their putative interacting receptor-like-kinase partners, HAESA and HAESA-like2, were shown to be essential components in Arabidopsis floral organ abscission. Prior to research on IDA, it was reported that bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf abscission required a diffusible signal that emanated from the vascular tissue. We were interested in determining whether the IDA signalling path might regulate abscission in plants other than Arabidopsis and whether IDA might act as a diffusible signal in abscission. Methodology Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor gene expression and a GUS reporter gene construct used to determine the need for a diffusible signal in tomato. Principal results We identified 12 IDA-like and 11 HAESA-like genes in soybean (Glycine max) and monitored their gene expression in abscission in relation to the expression of several cell-wall-modifying proteins and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthases. Ethylene evoked the expression of several IDA-like genes in abscission zones (AZ), but also to a lesser degree in the adjacent petiole tissue. Surprisingly, IDA-like gene expression was very high in senescent soybean leaves. We identified five IDA-like genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Only one IDA-like gene was expressed in the tomato AZ and its expression was approximately equal in the AZ and petioles, but no IDA-like gene showed significant expression in leaves at up to 96 h of exposure to ethylene. Conclusions IDA-like gene expression is up-regulated during soybean and tomato abscission but up-regulation was not limited to the AZ. Cell separation in the AZ cortex of tomato does not require a diffusible signal emanating from the stele. A role for IDA in soybean and tomato leaf abscission is discussed. C1 [Tucker, Mark L.; Yang, Ronghui] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Bldg 006,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.tucker@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2041-2851 J9 AOB PLANTS JI Aob Plants PY 2012 SI SI AR pls035 DI 10.1093/aobpla/pls035 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 229KZ UT WOS:000325264700015 PM 23585923 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Introduction to mussels and mussel ecology SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 43 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 43 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500002 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS Natural History, Ecology, and Conservation Preface SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; UTTERBACKIA-IMBECILLIS BIVALVIA; CLAM CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA L.; LAMPSILIS-RADIATA-SILIQUOIDEA; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA BIVALVIA; ANODONTA-GRANDIS-SIMPSONIANA; FUSCONAIA-EBENA BIVALVIA; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 1329 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP XI EP + D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 67 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500001 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Catching the mussel bug A history of the study of mussel ecology in North America SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 44 EP 59 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500003 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Diversity and biogeography SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 60 EP 96 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 37 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500004 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Aquatic habitats and mussel assemblages SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 97 EP 139 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 43 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500005 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Host use and host infection strategies SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 140 EP 179 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 40 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500006 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI These are very different animals Life history variation in mussels SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 180 EP + D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 51 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500007 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Mussel population biology SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 215 EP 241 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500008 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Putting it all together Explaining patterns of mussel assemblage structure SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 242 EP 287 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 46 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500009 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Human exploitation of mussels SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 288 EP 315 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 28 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500010 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI The decline of the North American mussel fauna Chronology and causes SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 316 EP 390 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 75 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500011 ER PT J AU Haag, WR AF Haag, Wendell R. BA Haag, WR BF Haag, WR TI Mussel conservation The challenge of protecting a fragmented resource SO NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER MUSSELS: NATURAL HISTORY, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-19938-4 PY 2012 BP 391 EP 421 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139048217 PG 31 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFS25 UT WOS:000321129500012 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Droby, S AF Wisniewski, Michael Droby, Samir BE Sundh, I Wilcks, A Goettel, MS TI Biopreservation of Food and Feed by Postharvest Biocontrol with Microorganisms SO BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT: SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND REGULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AGENT CANDIDA-OLEOPHILA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PICHIA-ANOMALA; MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS; AIRTIGHT STORAGE; APPLE FRUIT; YEAST; DISEASES C1 [Wisniewski, Michael] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Droby, Samir] ARO, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov; samird@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-810-9 PY 2012 BP 57 EP 66 D2 10.1079/9781845938109.0000 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BGV12 UT WOS:000324252300006 ER PT J AU Jaronski, ST AF Jaronski, Stefan T. BE Sundh, I Wilcks, A Goettel, MS TI Microbial Control of Invertebrate Pests SO BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT: SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND REGULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARANOSEMA-LOCUSTAE MICROSPORIDIA; ORTHOPTERA ACRIDIDAE MELANOPLINAE; PHYSIOLOGICAL HOST-SPECIFICITY; CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA NEUROPTERA; FUNGAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE C1 USDA ARS, Northern Plains Res Lab NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jaronski, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Northern Plains Res Lab NPARL, 1500 Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM Stefan.Jaronski@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 121 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-810-9 PY 2012 BP 72 EP 95 D2 10.1079/9781845938109.0000 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BGV12 UT WOS:000324252300008 ER PT J AU Fuglie, KO Wang, SL Ball, VE AF Fuglie, Keith O. Wang, Sun Ling Ball, V. Eldon BE Fuglie, KO Wang, SL Ball, VE TI Introduction to Productivity Growth in Agriculture SO PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ERS-Farm-Foundation International Conference on the Causes and Consequences of Global Agricultural Productivity Growth CY MAY, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP USDA Econ Res Serv & Farm Fdn NFP C1 [Fuglie, Keith O.; Wang, Sun Ling; Ball, V. Eldon] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Fuglie, KO (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM kfuglie@ers.usda.gov; slwang@ers.usda.gov; eball@ers.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-921-2 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BGZ61 UT WOS:000324728000001 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Ball, VE Fulginiti, LE Plastina, A AF Wang, Sun Ling Ball, V. Eldon Fulginiti, Lilyan E. Plastina, Alejandro BE Fuglie, KO Wang, SL Ball, VE TI Accounting for the Impact of Local and Spill-in Public Research, Extension and Roads on US Regional Agricultural Productivity, 1980-2004 SO PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ERS-Farm-Foundation International Conference on the Causes and Consequences of Global Agricultural Productivity Growth CY MAY, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP USDA Econ Res Serv & Farm Fdn NFP ID INFRASTRUCTURE; GROWTH; STATE; CORN C1 [Wang, Sun Ling; Ball, V. Eldon] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Wang, SL (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM slwang@ers.usda.gov; eball@ers.usda.gov; lfulginiti1@unl.edu; alejandro@icac.org NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-921-2 PY 2012 BP 13 EP 31 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BGZ61 UT WOS:000324728000002 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Schimmelpfennig, D Fuglie, KO AF Wang, Sun Ling Schimmelpfennig, David Fuglie, Keith O. BE Fuglie, KO Wang, SL Ball, VE TI Is Agricultural Productivity Growth Slowing in Western Europe? SO PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ERS-Farm-Foundation International Conference on the Causes and Consequences of Global Agricultural Productivity Growth CY MAY, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP USDA Econ Res Serv & Farm Fdn NFP ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; TECHNOLOGY; UNION C1 [Wang, Sun Ling; Schimmelpfennig, David; Fuglie, Keith O.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Wang, SL (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St,SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM slwang@ers.usda.gov; des@ers.usda.gov; kfuglie@ers.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-921-2 PY 2012 BP 109 EP 125 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BGZ61 UT WOS:000324728000005 ER PT J AU Rada, NE Fuglie, KO AF Rada, Nicholas E. Fuglie, Keith O. BE Fuglie, KO Wang, SL Ball, VE TI Shifting Sources of Agricultural Growth in Indonesia: A Regional Analysis SO PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ERS-Farm-Foundation International Conference on the Causes and Consequences of Global Agricultural Productivity Growth CY MAY, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP USDA Econ Res Serv & Farm Fdn NFP ID PRODUCTIVITY C1 [Rada, Nicholas E.; Fuglie, Keith O.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Rada, NE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St,SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM nrada@ers.usda.gov; kfuglie@ers.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-921-2 PY 2012 BP 199 EP 213 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BGZ61 UT WOS:000324728000010 ER PT J AU Fuglie, KO Rada, NE AF Fuglie, Keith O. Rada, Nicholas E. BE Fuglie, KO Wang, SL Ball, VE TI Constraints to Raising Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa SO PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ERS-Farm-Foundation International Conference on the Causes and Consequences of Global Agricultural Productivity Growth CY MAY, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP USDA Econ Res Serv & Farm Fdn NFP ID ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH C1 [Fuglie, Keith O.; Rada, Nicholas E.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Fuglie, KO (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St,SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM kfuglie@ers.usda.gov; nrada@ers.usda.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-921-2 PY 2012 BP 237 EP 271 PG 35 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BGZ61 UT WOS:000324728000012 ER PT J AU Fuglie, KO AF Fuglie, Keith O. BE Fuglie, KO Wang, SL Ball, VE TI Productivity Growth and Technology Capital in the Global Agricultural Economy SO PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ERS-Farm-Foundation International Conference on the Causes and Consequences of Global Agricultural Productivity Growth CY MAY, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP USDA Econ Res Serv & Farm Fdn NFP ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; TRANSITION; OUTPUT; INPUT C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Fuglie, KO (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 355 E St,SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM kfuglie@ers.usda.gov NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-921-2 PY 2012 BP 335 EP 368 PG 34 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BGZ61 UT WOS:000324728000016 ER PT J AU Reising, AB Moon, RJ Youngblood, JP AF Reising, Alexander B. Moon, Robert J. Youngblood, Jeffrey P. TI EFFECT OF PARTICLE ALIGNMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NEAT CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL FILMS SO J-FOR-JOURNAL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOR FOREST PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID AC ELECTRIC-FIELD; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; MICROCRYSTAL SUSPENSION; NATIVE CELLULOSE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH TOUGHNESS; ORIENTATION; PHASE; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB Shear-based film casting methods were used to cast neat films from wood-based cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions. The degree of CNC alignment in dried films was characterized using the Hermans order parameter (S), and the film elastic modulus (E), ultimate tensile strength (sigma(1)), elongation at failure (epsilon(1)), and work of fracture (WF) were measured with respect to casting direction and CNC alignment. The degree of CNC alignment in dried films was found to increase with higher casting shear rates (0, 10.s(-1), and 100.s(-1)) and at higher suspension pH (similar to 3 versus similar to 7). The maximum orientation (S=0.53) was achieved for CNC suspensions having a neutral pH and sheared at a rate of 100.s(-1). Elastic modulus of CNC films scaled with CNC alignment reached a maximum average of E=30 GPa in the direction of CNC alignment. sigma(1), epsilon(1), and WF did not scale with CNC alignment. Thermal treatments (85 degrees C for 24 h) to CNC films had minimal influence on E, sigma(1), epsilon(1), and WF. C1 [Reising, Alexander B.; Youngblood, Jeffrey P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Reising, AB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, 701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jpyoungb@purdue.edu FU U.S. Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) FX This work was funded by the U.S. Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). The authors thank Rick Reiner and Alan Rudie of FPL for providing guidance in CNC processing, as well as providing CNC materials. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU PULP & PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOC CANADA PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3X6, CANADA SN 1927-6311 J9 J-FOR JI J-For PY 2012 VL 2 IS 6 BP 32 EP 41 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 213HE UT WOS:000324045600005 ER PT S AU Beckman, TG Chaparro, X Sherman, WB AF Beckman, T. G. Chaparro, X. Sherman, W. B. BE Girona, J Marsal, J TI Evidence for Control of Double Flowering in Peach via Dominant Single Gene Loci SO VII INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Peach Symposium CY JUN 08-11, 2009 CL Lleida, SPAIN SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Prunus persica; breeding AB Double flowering in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has long been thought to be controlled solely by a single recessive gene (Di/di). Several hybrid populations were generated utilizing sources tracing to a single double flowered phenotype. Evidence is presented for two loci controlling double flowers. The first is the known single gene recessive and a second controlled by a single dominant gene. Data from several populations generated with the dominant locus and information on a follow-up survey and test crosses will be presented. C1 [Beckman, T. G.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66056-15-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 962 BP 139 EP 141 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BGO11 UT WOS:000323610100019 ER PT J AU Falk, RH Cramer, S Evans, J AF Falk, Robert H. Cramer, Steven Evans, James TI Framing Lumber from Building Removal: How Do We Best Utilize This Untapped Structural Resource? SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION AB Compared with other construction materials, wood products are environmentally attractive because they sequester carbon, are renewable, and are low in embodied energy. Lumber salvaged from building removal possesses these came qualities but with additional environmental attributes. In spite of the environmental attractiveness of reclaimed lumber, its widespread acceptance is hampered because it is not formally recognized in our grading or engineering design standards. This causes confusion for consumers, builders, and building officials, both in the marketplace as well as at the jobsite. In this article, possible alternatives for recognizing and accommodating reclaimed lumber in lumber grading and wood engineering design standards are provided. C1 [Falk, Robert H.] USDA, Adv Housing Res Ctr, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Cramer, Steven] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Evans, James] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Falk, RH (reprint author), USDA, Adv Housing Res Ctr, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rfalk@wisc.edu; cramer@engr.wisc.edu; jwevans@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7-8 BP 492 EP 499 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 192QP UT WOS:000322500600001 ER PT J AU Grushecky, ST Wiedenbeck, J Hassler, CC AF Grushecky, Shawn T. Wiedenbeck, Jan Hassler, Curt C. TI Examination of Roundwood Utilization Rates in West Virginia SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD LOG BUCKING; MARKETS AB Forest harvesting is an integral part of the West Virginia forest economy. This component of the supply chain supports a diverse array of primary and secondary processors. A key metric used to describe the efficiency of the roundwood extraction process is the logging utilization factor (LUF). The LUF is one way managers can discern the overall use of harvested roundwood. To update LUF in West Virginia, roundwood utilization during harvesting operations was investigated on 30 active sites in 2008. Approximately 3.6 markets were used by the loggers sampled. The average utilization rate at the time of felling and bucking in the woods was 87.8 percent for trees sampled during this study. Over 97 percent of the roundwood that was processed on the landing was utilized. No relationship was found between the number of markets and utilization rates. Results from this study provide estimates on the overall efficiency of harvest operations as well as the characteristics and quantity of material being left after harvest. This information is important to those involved in the management of the hardwood resource as well as those making investments in wood processing industries. C1 [Grushecky, Shawn T.] W Virginia Univ, WVU Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wiedenbeck, Jan] US Forest Serv, Ecol & Econ Sustainabil Appalachian Forests Era G, USDA, Northern Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. [Hassler, Curt C.] Weyerhaeuser, Heeters, WV USA. RP Grushecky, ST (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, WVU Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM shawn.grushecky@mail.wvu.edu; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us; curth@mail.wvnet.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7-8 BP 507 EP 515 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 192QP UT WOS:000322500600003 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. TI Impact of Industrial Source on the Chemical Composition of Loblolly Pine Bark SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROANTHOCYANIDINS; LIGNIN; INNER AB The chemical compositions of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) bark samples from two industrial sources were determined for whole bark as well as the inner and outer bark components. Differences in extractive contents of the whole bark samples were primarily attributed to the different debarking methods which afforded different proportions of inner and outer bark. Treatment of the extractive-free bark samples with 1 percent NaOH to remove interfering phenolic compounds impacted the lignin contents determined by the Klason method, but not those determined by the acetyl bromide method. Upon determining the proportions of inner and outer bark, the data provided here can be used to estimate the chemical compositions of other southern yellow pine bark resources. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Sta, Pineville, LA USA. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Sta, Pineville, LA USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7-8 BP 516 EP 519 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 192QP UT WOS:000322500600004 ER PT J AU Frihart, CR Wescott, JM Chaffee, TL Gonner, KM AF Frihart, Charles R. Wescott, James M. Chaffee, Timothy L. Gonner, Kyle M. TI Formaldehyde Emissions from Urea-Formaldehyde- and No-Added-Formaldehyde-Bonded Particleboard as Influenced by Temperature and Relative Humidity SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD; RELEASE AB It is well documented that temperature and humidity can influence formaldehyde emissions from composite panels that are produced using urea-formaldehyde (UF)-type adhesives. This work investigates the effect of temperature and humidity on newer commercial California Air Resources Board (CARB) phase II-compliant particleboard produced with UF-type adhesives. These results were compared with laboratory particleboards prepared with the no-added-formaldehyde (NAF) Soyad adhesive technology. A modified version of EN 717-3 ("Formaldehyde Release by the Flask Method," ONORM 1996) was used to collect formaldehyde emissions that were quantified using the acetylacetone method. The formaldehyde emissions from the commercial particleboard panel bonded with a UF-type resin increased greatly when panels were exposed to higher heat and humidity than in normal testing protocols. Furthermore, the rate of emission for these UF-bonded panels increased with longer exposure at 100 percent relative humidity. In contrast, formaldehyde emissions from particleboard bonded with the NAP adhesive were relatively stable and significantly lower compared with those bonded with UF at all temperature and relative humidity conditions. This work highlights the potential for increased long-term formaldehyde emissions even from the new UF CARB phase II-compliant adhesive systems. C1 [Frihart, Charles R.] US Forest Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Wescott, James M.] Heartland Resource Technol, Waunakee, WI USA. [Chaffee, Timothy L.; Gonner, Kyle M.] Ashland, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Frihart, CR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Madison, WI USA. EM cfrihart@fs.fed.us; jmwme@aol.com; tlchaffee@ashland.com; kgonner@ashland.com NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7-8 BP 551 EP 558 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 192QP UT WOS:000322500600010 ER PT J AU Brackley, AM Gorman, R Petersen, K AF Brackley, Allen M. Gorman, Robert Petersen, Karen TI Physical Properties and Consumer Reaction to Use of Compressed Wood Bricks in Southeast Alaska SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In late 2008, a group of business people and entrepreneurs in southeast Alaska became aware of a compressed wood brick product that could be used as an alternative fuel in existing wood-burning stoves and heating equipment. The product differed from many others on the market in that it contained no additive to promote binding and burn characteristics. In 2009, local materials in the form of sawmill residuals and chipped material from land clearing were collected, dried, and shipped to a producer in the northeast United States. A set of returned samples was sent to the University of Alaska Fairbanks Forest Products Laboratory for evaluation of physical properties. Survey methods were used to determine characteristics of wood-burning equipment and conditions at the time of test burns and to assess consumer reactions to the product as an alternative to cordwood. The price that people were willing to pay for such a product was also evaluated. Few differences were detected between bricks made from material available in southeast Alaska and those from outside the region. In addition, the duration of burn was significantly greater for consumers using modern wood-burning stoves approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Consumers expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the product, but their reported fuel of choice was still traditional cordwood. Twenty-nine percent of surveyed consumers were willing to pay a price of $200 a ton for the brick product. C1 [Brackley, Allen M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Sta, Sitka, AK USA. RP Brackley, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Sta, Sitka, AK USA. EM abrackley@fs.fed.us; rfgorman@alaska.edu; ffkhp@uaf.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 7-8 BP 571 EP 578 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 192QP UT WOS:000322500600013 ER PT S AU Uresk, DW AF Uresk, Daniel W. BE Tatina, R TI MONITORING STANDING HERBAGE ON SANDY ECOLOGICAL SITE ON NEBRASKA AND SOUTH DAKOTA SAND HILLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 91 SE Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the South-Dakota-Academy CY APR 13-14, 2012 CL Univ S Dakota, Muenster Univ Ctr, Vermillion, SD HO Univ S Dakota, Muenster Univ Ctr DE Visual obstruction reading (VOR); livestock; wildlife; Sand Hills; vegetation; Robel pole ID MODIFIED ROBEL POLE; BIG HORN MOUNTAINS; VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; SANDHILLS RANGELAND; GRASS PRAIRIE; VEGETATION; CROP; HABITAT AB Resource categories for monitoring standing herbage by visual obstruction readings (VOR) with management guidelines were developed for the sands ecological site in the Nebraska Sand Hills on the Samuel R. McKelvie National Forest. Clipped vegetation ranged from 122 kg.ha(-1) to 2968 kg.ha(-1). VOR ranged from 0 to 5.6 bands (band = 2.54 cm). Cluster analyses (ISODATA) identified 3 distinct resource categories for management. Resource categories for mean VOR band and standing herbage (kg.ha(-1)) are short (band 1, 585 kg.ha(-1)), intermediate (band 2, 1130 kg.ha(-1)), and tall (band 3.6, 2003 kg.ha(-1)). Band 2 represents residual standing herbage at 40% utilization and is the recommended guideline to maintain or improve the resources. Three transects are required for monitoring areas of 259 ha or less. The guidelines developed provide resource managers a tool for VOR data collection that is simple to use, cost effective, accurate and reliable for monitoring standing herbage for livestock use and wildlife habitat. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Uresk, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM duresk@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTH DAKOTA ACAD SCIENCE PI PIERRE PA HCR 531 BOX 97, PIERRE, SD 57501 USA SN 0096-378X J9 PROC S D ACAD SCI JI Proc. South Dak. Acad. Sci. PY 2012 VL 91 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGA35 UT WOS:000322049800006 ER PT S AU Uresk, DW Mergen, DE Javersak, J AF Uresk, Daniel W. Mergen, Daryl E. Javersak, Jody BE Tatina, R TI ECOLOGICAL MODEL FOR SERAL STAGE CLASSIFICATION AND MONITORING FOR SANDS-CHOPPY SANDS ECOLOGICAL TYPE IN NEBRASKA AND SOUTH DAKOTA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 91 SE Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the South-Dakota-Academy CY APR 13-14, 2012 CL Univ S Dakota, Muenster Univ Ctr, Vermillion, SD HO Univ S Dakota, Muenster Univ Ctr DE Succession; seral stages; key species; management; model; Sand Hills ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; TRANSITION MODELS; RANGELANDS; STATE; VARIABILITY; THRESHOLDS AB A multivariate statistical model related to plant succession was developed to classify seral stages and to monitor succession for sands-choppy sands ecological type in the Sand Hills region of Nebraska and South Dakota. This model can be used by range and wildlife managers to evaluate management alternatives by evaluating changes in plant species cover and frequency of occurrence within and between seral stages. Four seral stages (early to late plant succession) were quantitatively identified with an estimated 91% level of accuracy. Three plant species provide the information to assign seral stages and monitor trends based on index values (canopy cover (%) x frequency of occurrence (%)) for sand blue-stem (Andropogon hallii Hack.), hairy grama (Bouteloua hisuta Lag.), and little bluestem (Schizachrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash). Measurement of these three plant species is all that is required for the model. C1 [Uresk, Daniel W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Uresk, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM duresk@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTH DAKOTA ACAD SCIENCE PI PIERRE PA HCR 531 BOX 97, PIERRE, SD 57501 USA SN 0096-378X J9 PROC S D ACAD SCI JI Proc. South Dak. Acad. Sci. PY 2012 VL 91 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGA35 UT WOS:000322049800007 ER PT J AU Beirn, LA Tredway, LP Boehm, MJ Orshinsky, AM Carbone, I Clarke, BB Crouch, J AF Beirn, L. A. Tredway, L. P. Boehm, M. J. Orshinsky, A. M. Carbone, I. Clarke, B. B. Crouch, J. TI Determining the true identity of the pathogen causing dollar spot disease in turfgrass SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Northeastern-Division CY OCT 12-14, 2011 CL New Brunswick, NJ SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), NE Div C1 [Tredway, L. P.; Carbone, I.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Beirn, L. A.; Clarke, B. B.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Boehm, M. J.; Orshinsky, A. M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Crouch, J.] ARS, USDA, Systemant Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 SU 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SN UT WOS:000322796600004 ER PT J AU Bin-Umer, A McLaughlin, J Basu, D McCormick, S Tumer, N AF Bin-Umer, A. McLaughlin, J. Basu, D. McCormick, S. Tumer, N. TI Trichothecene mycotoxins inhibit mitochondrial translation- Implication for the mechanism of toxicity SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Northeastern-Division CY OCT 12-14, 2011 CL New Brunswick, NJ SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), NE Div C1 [McCormick, S.] USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Washington, DC USA. [Bin-Umer, A.; McLaughlin, J.; Basu, D.; Tumer, N.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 SU 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SN UT WOS:000322796600005 ER PT J AU Waller, TJ Constantelos, CC Polashock, JJ Oudemans, PV AF Waller, T. J. Constantelos, C. C. Polashock, J. J. Oudemans, P. V. TI Identification and characterization of fungi associated with black shadow on blueberry SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) Northeastern-Division CY OCT 12-14, 2011 CL New Brunswick, NJ SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), NE Div C1 [Waller, T. J.; Constantelos, C. C.; Oudemans, P. V.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Polashock, J. J.] ARS, USDA, GIFVL, Chatsworth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 SU 1 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SN UT WOS:000322796600037 ER PT J AU Kaya, HK Vega, FE AF Kaya, Harry K. Vega, Fernando E. BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Scope and Basic Principles of Insect Pathology SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE; COLEOPTERA; INFECTION; PHYLOGENY; VACCINE AB Insects are the dominant animals in the world, with more than one million described species. The vast majority of insects are innocuous or beneficial to humans, but a small percentage are pests that require a significant amount of our time, effort, and funds to reduce their negative effects on food production and our health and welfare. One environmentally acceptable method to control these insect pests is to use pathogens. The study of pathogens infecting insects is referred to as "insect pathology". Insect pathology is the study of anything that goes wrong with an insect and, therefore, includes non-pathogenic and pathogenic causes. The present focus is on pathogens that can be used as microbial control agents of insects. Here, the basic principles in insect pathology including the microorganisms that cause diseases, their classification and phylogeny, portal of entry, infectivity, pathogenicity and virulence, course of disease, Koch's postulates, and diagnosis are covered. C1 [Kaya, Harry K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kaya, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00001-4 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500003 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Kaya, HK AF Vega, Fernando E. Kaya, Harry K. BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Insect Pathology Second Edition Preface SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kaya, Harry K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4 PY 2012 BP XIII EP XIII PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500001 ER PT B AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Bruck, DJ Lacey, LA AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Bruck, Denny J. Lacey, Lawrence A. BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Principles of Epizootiology and Microbial Control SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES RHABDITIDA; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; FUNGUS BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; BLACK VINE WEEVIL; PATHOGEN ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE DEUTEROMYCOTINA AB An epizootic is defined as an outbreak of disease in which there is an unusually large number of cases. A central question in insect pathology is: what are the factors that cause an epizootic? The question is addressed through the discipline of epizootiology, i.e., the study of animal disease dynamics on a population level. The major factors influencing an epizootic can be divided into four basic components: (1) the pathogen population; (2) the host population; (3) transmission; and (4) the environment. Although the question pertaining to the causes of an epizootic is of great interest to all aspects of insect pathology, it is of particular interest to microbial control efforts. Microbial control can be defined as the use of entomopathogens (viruses, fungi, bacteria, protists, or nematodes) for pest suppression. This chapter presents a summary and analysis of epizootiological principles and the concepts of microbial control. The goal is to promote expanded studies in epizootiology, and foster research and implementation toward improved microbial control programs. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] ARS, USDA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Bruck, Denny J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lacey, Lawrence A.] IP Consulting Int, Yakima, WA 98908 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 531 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4; 978-0-12-384984-7 PY 2012 BP 29 EP 72 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00003-8 PG 44 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500005 ER PT B AU Harrison, R Hoover, K AF Harrison, Robert Hoover, Kelli BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Baculoviruses and Other Occluded Insect Viruses SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; OCCLUSION-DERIVED VIRUS; SINGLE-NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; ENVELOPE FUSION PROTEIN; CYDIA-POMONELLA GRANULOVIRUS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA CELLS; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR AB Baculoviruses are among the most thoroughly studied insect pathogens. Members of Baculoviridae possess a large, circular double-stranded DNA genome contained within the enveloped nucleoprotein core of a rod-shaped virion. Baculovirus replication is distinguished by the production of two different virion phenotypes: the occlusion-derived virions, which occur within protein-aceous viral occlusions and initiate infection of the host, and budded virions, which spread infection to other cells and tissues within the host. Baculoviruses have been isolated exclusively from insects, and much of the initial interest in them stemmed from their potential role in insect pest management. The development of cell culture systems for growing baculoviruses and the application of molecular biology methodology to their study led to the development of baculoviruses as popular expression vectors and research tools with a profound expansion in knowledge and understanding of these viruses. This chapter summarizes the current state of baculovirology, covering: baculovirus classification, taxonomy, and phylogeny; basic characteristics of baculovirus virions and viral occlusions; features of two unrelated groups of occluded viruses (the entomopoxviruses and cypoviruses) and a related group of non-occluded viruses (the nudiviruses); mechanisms of infection, gene expression, and replication; their pathology, ecology, and use as biopesticides; and the potential new frontiers for study of this fascinating group of viruses. C1 [Harrison, Robert] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hoover, Kelli] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Harrison, R (reprint author), ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 NR 737 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4; 978-0-12-384984-7 PY 2012 BP 73 EP 131 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00004-X PG 59 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500006 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Becnel, JJ Valles, SM AF Chen, Yan Ping Becnel, James J. Valles, Steven M. BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI RNA Viruses Infecting Pest Insects SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PICORNA-LIKE-VIRUS; DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; CYTOPLASMIC-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CRICKET PARALYSIS VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; FLOCK HOUSE VIRUS; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI-VIRUS; DROSOPHILA-C-VIRUS; IMPORTED FIRE ANT; KASHMIR BEE VIRUS AB Viruses that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genetic material are known as RNA viruses and may be double or single stranded based on the type of RNA they contain. Single-stranded RNA viruses can be further grouped into negative-sense or positive- sense viruses according to the polarity of their RNA. Further, RNA viruses can be categorized according to whether they have a lipid envelope, and whether they have single (non-fragmented) or multiple (fragmented) genomes. RNA viruses comprise a wide variety of infectious agents, many of which induce disease in plant, vertebrate, and invertebrate hosts. RNA viruses exhibit structural simplicity, reduced genome size, and prolific replication rates, making them ideal models for the study of various aspects of virus biology. Although they are the most prevalent group of viruses, RNAviruses infecting insect pests are currently limited to six families: Nodaviridae (genus Alphanodavirus), Dicistroviridae (genera Cripavirus and Aparavirus), Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus), Iflaviridae (genus Iflavirus), Tetraviridae (genera Betatetravirus and Omegatetravirus), and Reoviridae (genus Cypovirus). Over the past two decades, significant advances have been made in elucidating the fundamental molecular biology and pathology of insect RNAviruses. The progress in the study of these viruses presents extraordinary research opportunities for a better understanding of the diseases they cause, and for subsequent prevention and treatment of such diseases. While RNA viruses that infect beneficial insects are discussed elsewhere in this book, this chapter focuses on RNA viruses infecting pest insects. It provides an overview of the current understanding of morphology, genome organization, phylogeny, natural history, transmission, and pathogenesis of these viruses. The prospects for future research and the potential of RNA viruses to be used as biological control agents are also discussed. C1 [Chen, Yan Ping] ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Becnel, James J.; Valles, Steven M.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 366 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4 PY 2012 BP 133 EP 170 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00005-1 PG 38 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500007 ER PT B AU Vega, FE Meyling, NV Luangsa-ard, JJ Blackwell, M AF Vega, Fernando E. Meyling, Nicolai V. Luangsa-ard, Janet Jennifer Blackwell, Meredith BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Fungal Entomopathogens SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PATHOGEN ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; BEAUVERIA CORDYCEPS BASSIANA; ANISOPLIAE VAR. ACRIDUM; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS DEUTEROMYCOTINA; HYPHOMYCETE METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; DENSITY-DEPENDENT PROPHYLAXIS; TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; THOMPSONII VAR SYNNEMATOSA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER AB Fungal entomopathogens are important biological control agents worldwide and have been the subject of intense research for more than 100 years. They exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction and produce a variety of infective propagules. Their mode of action against insects involves attachment of the spore to the insect cuticle followed by germination, cuticle penetration, and internal dissemination throughout the insect. During this process, which may involve the production of secondary metabolites, the internal organs of the insect are eventually degraded. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet light, temperature, and humidity can influence the effectiveness of fungal entomopathogens in the field. Phylogenetic studies have resulted in a better understanding of associations with other fungi as well as a new classification scheme. Ecological studies have revealed fascinating aspects related to their host range, distribution, abundance, and trophic interactions. The development of fungal entomopathogens as effective biological control agents requires knowledge of bioassay methods, as well as production, formulation, and application methodologies. Some important case studies involve the gypsy moth in the USA, locusts and grasshoppers in Africa, and spittlebugs in Brazil. This chapter focuses on the biology, classification and phylogeny, ecology, and use of fungal entomopathogens as biological control agents. C1 [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Meyling, Nicolai V.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Luangsa-ard, Janet Jennifer] BIOTEC, Phylogenet Lab, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Blackwell, Meredith] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Meyling, Nicolai/F-6838-2014; OI Meyling, Nicolai/0000-0003-3025-4370; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 461 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4; 978-0-12-384984-7 PY 2012 BP 171 EP 220 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00006-3 PG 50 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500008 ER PT B AU Solter, LF Becnel, JJ Oi, DH AF Solter, Leellen F. Becnel, James J. Oi, David H. BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Microsporidian Entomopathogens SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE MICROSPORIDIA; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA LEPIDOPTERA; NOSEMA-LOCUSTAE MICROSPORIDA; EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS MICROSPORA; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; DISPAR L. LEPIDOPTERA; N. SP MICROSPORIDIA AB Microsporidia, pathogenic protists related to the Fungi, are considered to be primary pathogens of many aquatic and terrestrial insect species and have important roles in insect population dynamics, managed insect disease, and biological control of insect pests. Hosts are infected when spores are ingested and/or by transmission via the eggs. When ingested, spores germinate in a unique fashion: a polar tube that is coiled within the spore rapidly everts and punctures the host midgut cells, injecting the spore contents into the cell cytoplasm. Mitochondria and Golgi bodies are lacking in these obligate intracellular pathogens, and energy is evidently extracted from host cells via direct uptake of ATP. Effects on the host are typically chronic; therefore, the use of microsporidia in biological control programs focuses on inoculative introductions, augmentative release, and conservation biology. This chapter reviews the biology, ecology, pathology, and classification of microsporidia with examples of several long-term research efforts to manipulate these pathogens for the suppression of insect pests. C1 [Solter, Leellen F.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Becnel, James J.; Oi, David H.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Solter, LF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Prairie Res Inst, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. NR 359 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4; 978-0-12-384984-7 PY 2012 BP 221 EP 263 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00007-5 PG 43 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500009 ER PT J AU Lange, CE Lord, JC AF Lange, Carlos E. Lord, Jeffrey C. BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Protistan Entomopathogens SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASCOGREGARINA-TAIWANENSIS APICOMPLEXA; LAMBORNELLA-CLARKI CILIOPHORA; AEDES-SIERRENSIS DIPTERA; MATTESIA-ORYZAEPHILI NEOGREGARINORIDA; GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; HELICOSPORIDIUM SPP. CHLOROPHYTA; THURINGIENSIS VAR ISRAELENSIS; FARINOCYSTIS-TRIBOLII WEISER; PARASITE MALAMEBA-LOCUSTAE; TIPULA-PALUDOSA MEIGEN AB Protists, eukaryotes of mainly unicellular organization, are among the most diverse and numerous of insect pathogens. As a group, protists exhibit the full range of symbiotic associations with insects, from mutualism and commensalism to parasitism. However, most protistan etiological agents of insects cause chronic rather than acute diseases that tend to be unapparent and may cause population effects that are poorly researched and understood. The current knowledge on entomopathogenic protists in the taxa Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa, Ciliophora, Euglenozoa, and Helicosporidia is reviewed. Topics include morphology, development, transmission, host range, host-pathogen associations, and potential use in biological pest control. Complex life cycles are described for each group. Although protistan entomopathogens are often prevalent and persistent in nature, they are generally not regarded as likely microbial insecticides owing to high host specificity and difficulties associated with mass production. Inoculative release and conservation are more feasible approaches. The research needs, problems of taxonomy, and population dynamics are discussed. C1 [Lange, Carlos E.] CEPAVE CONICET UNLP, CCT La Plata, Comis Invest Cient CIC Prov Buenos Aires, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Lord, Jeffrey C.] ARS, Stored Prod Insect Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lange, CE (reprint author), CEPAVE CONICET UNLP, CCT La Plata, Comis Invest Cient CIC Prov Buenos Aires, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. NR 235 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4 PY 2012 BP 367 EP 394 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00010-5 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500012 ER PT J AU James, RR Li, ZZ AF James, Rosalind R. Li, Zengzhi BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI From Silkworms to Bees: Diseases of Beneficial Insects SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; CYTOPLASMIC-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; NOSEMA-BOMBI MICROSPORIDIA; HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; VARROA-JACOBSONI OUD.; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA AB Diseases of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) and managed bees, including the honey bee (Apis mellifera), bumble bee (Bombus spp.), alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata), and mason bee (Osmia spp.), are reviewed, with diagnostic descriptions and a summary of control methods for production systems. Silkworms and honey bees have been managed by humans for a few thousand years. This close association has provided insights into the nature of infectious diseases, influencing microbiologists such as Agostino Bassi and Louis Pasteur. Silkworms and bees are susceptible to a wide range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists. However, pathogenic nematodes are conspicuously absent. These insects are also susceptible to parasitoids, mite parasites, pesticides, and environmental toxins. Control measures for silkworm diseases center around sanitation, as chemical treatment options are extremely limited. During the past century, honey beekeepers have developed a reliance on chemical treatment options, but this approach has produced resistant pathogens and parasites, and beekeepers are vulnerable to the introduction of new diseases that do not yet have control methods. An integrated approach, with an emphasis on prevention and sanitation measures, would help to reduce these problems. C1 [James, Rosalind R.] ARS, USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Li, Zengzhi] Anhui Agr Univ, Dept Forestry, Hefei 230036, Anjui, Peoples R China. RP James, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 179 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4 PY 2012 BP 425 EP 459 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00012-9 PG 35 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500014 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Jurat-Fuentes, JL AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis BE Vega, FE Kaya, HK TI Physiology and Ecology of Host Defense Against Microbial Invaders SO INSECT PATHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; CULEX-PIPIENS DIPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HONEYBEES APIS-MELLIFERA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; INSECT RESISTANCE; INNATE IMMUNITY; BT CROPS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA AB Insects mount a complex hierarchy of defenses that pathogens must overcome before successful infection is achieved. Behavioral avoidance and antiseptic behaviors by host insects reduce the degree of encounters between the insect and pathogens. Any pathogen that contacts or establishes on a potential host faces a series of barriers that restrict entrance into the hemocoel. Pathogens that enter the hemocoel are faced with a multipronged innate immune system. Humoral defenses primarily produce toxic molecules; hemocytes (granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids) of the cellular defense have the capacity to phagocytose or encapsulate the target pathogen; and melanization involves both humoral and cellular components to produce several responses that are lethal to the pathogen. Intracellular pathogens must overcome cellular xenophagy and RNA interference defenses. Understanding how host resistance evolves and spreads throughout a population becomes important to preserve entomopathogens as a pest management tool. This phenomenon has been well studied in Bacillus thuringiensis, and the development of host resistance to this pathogen, as well as insect resistance management strategies, is discussed. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. OI Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 NR 165 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384985-4 PY 2012 BP 461 EP 480 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384984-7.00013-0 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BFT01 UT WOS:000321197500015 ER PT S AU Chan, WY Blomberg, LA AF Chan, Wai-Yee Blomberg, Le Ann BE Chan, WY Bloomberg, LA TI Germline Development Methods and Protocols Preface SO GERMLINE DEVELOPMENT: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Chan, Wai-Yee] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biomed Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Blomberg, Le Ann] ARS, USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Chan, WY (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biomed Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM chanwy@cuhk.edu.hk; leann.blomberg@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-435-3 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 825 BP V EP VI D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-436-0 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Developmental Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Developmental Biology GA BFY90 UT WOS:000321932500001 ER PT S AU Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ AF Bolton, Melvin D. Thomma, Bart P. H. J. BE Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ TI Plant Fungal Pathogens Methods and Protocols Preface SO PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bolton, Melvin D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Bolton, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-500-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 835 BP V EP V D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BFY95 UT WOS:000321933000001 ER PT S AU Klosterman, SJ AF Klosterman, Steven J. BE Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ TI Real-Time PCR for the Quantification of Fungi In Planta SO PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Real-time PCR; Absolute quantification; Verticillium dahliae; Lactuca sativa ID VERTICILLIUM WILT; QUANTITATIVE PCR; PUCCINIA-HORIANA; COLONIZATION; RESISTANCE; DAHLIAE; SOLANI; DIFFER; ASSAYS AB Methods enabling quantification of fungi in planta can be useful for a variety of applications. In combination with information on plant disease severity, indirect quantification of fungi in planta offers an additional tool in the screening of plants that are resistant to fungal diseases. In this chapter, a method is described for the quantification of DNA from a fungus in plant leaves using real-time PCR (qPCR). Although the method described entails quantification of the fungus Verticillium dahliae in lettuce leaves, the methodology described would be useful for other pathosystems as well. The method utilizes primers that are specific for amplification of a P-tubulin sequence from V dahliae and a lettuce actin gene sequence as a reference for normalization. This approach enabled quantification of V dahliae in the amount of 2.5 fg/ng of lettuce leaf DNA at 21 days following plant inoculation. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. RP Klosterman, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-500-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 835 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BFY95 UT WOS:000321933000009 PM 22183651 ER PT S AU Lu, SW AF Lu, Shunwen BE Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ TI Use of the Yeast Two-Hybrid System to Identify Targets of Fungal Effectors SO PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fungal pathogens; Plant disease; Protein-protein interactions; Yeast transformation; Synthetic dropout media; Reporter genes; Autoactivation; Aureobasidin A; alpha-Galactosidase assay ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; INTERACT; DISEASE; ASSAYS; GENES AB The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system is a binary method widely used to determine direct interactions between paired proteins. Although having certain limitations, this method has become one of the two main systemic tools (along with affinity purification/mass spectrometry) for interactome mapping in model organisms including yeast, Arabidopsis, and humans. It has also become the method of choice for investigating host-pathogen interactions in fungal pathosystems involving crop plants. This chapter describes general procedures to use the GAL4-based Y2H system for identification of host proteins that directly interact with proteinaceous fungal effectors, thus being their potential targets. The procedures described include cDNA library construction through in vivo recombination, library screening by yeast mating and cotransformation, as well as methods to analyze positive clones obtained from library screening. These procedures can also be adapted to confirmation of suspected interactions between characterized host and pathogen proteins or determination of interacting domains in partner proteins. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Lu, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-500-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 835 BP 165 EP 189 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BFY95 UT WOS:000321933000012 PM 22183654 ER PT S AU Friesen, TL Faris, JD AF Friesen, Timothy L. Faris, Justin D. BE Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ TI Characterization of Plant-Fungal Interactions Involving Necrotrophic Effector-Producing Plant Pathogens SO PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE DNA marker; Dothideomycete; Effector; Fungus; Host-selective toxin; Host-specific toxin; Molecular mapping; Necrotroph; Necrotrophic effector; Necrotrophic pathogen; Quantitative trait loci; Stagonospora nodorum ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SENSITIVITY GENES; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE GENE; LINKAGE MAP; BREAD WHEAT; MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Recently, great strides have been made in the area of host-pathogen interactions involving necrotrophic fungi. In this article we describe a method to identify, produce, and characterize effectors that are important in host necrotrophic fungal pathogen interactions, and to genetically characterize the interactions. The main strength of this method is the combined use of pathogen inoculation, a pathogen culture filtrate bioassay, and genetic analysis of susceptibility and sensitivity in segregating host-mapping populations. These methods have been successfully used to identify several Stagonospora nodorum necrotrophic effectors and to characterize the genetic and phenotypic effects of individual host effector interactions in the wheat-S. nodorum system. S. nodorum isolates that induce a differential response on two lines are used to produce culture filtrates that contain necrotrophic effectors while the wheat lines differing in reaction to the pathogen are used to develop a mapping population. The wheat population is used to develop DNA marker-based genetic linkage maps and culture filtrates are infiltrated across the mapping population. Linkage and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is used to identify regions of the wheat genome harboring genes that govern sensitivity to necrotrophic effectors. The same populations are inoculated with the effector-producing isolate to determine the significance and proportion of disease explained by individual host gene effector interactions. Additionally, from this information, differential lines that are sensitive to single effectors are developed for further purification and characterization of the effectors, eventually resulting in the identification, molecular cloning, and characterization of the effector genes. C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Friesen, Timothy L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-500-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 835 BP 191 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BFY95 UT WOS:000321933000013 PM 22183655 ER PT S AU Liu, ZH Friesen, TL AF Liu, Zhaohui Friesen, Timothy L. BE Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ TI Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Mediated Transformation in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens SO PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Agrobacterium transformation; Electroporation transformation; Filamentous fungus; Fungal pathogen; Fungal transformation; Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Polyethylene glycol; Stagonospora nodorum ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; HYBRID PLASMID; NODORUM; YEAST; DNA AB Genetic transformation is an essential tool for the modern study of gene function and the genetic improvement of an organism. The genetic transformation of many fungal species is well established and can be carried out by utilizing different transformation methods including electroporation, Agrobacterium, biolistics, or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation. Due to its technical simplicity and common equipment requirements, PEG-mediated transformation is still the most commonly used method for genetic transformation in filamentous fungi. Here, we describe a PEG-based protocol developed for genetic transformation of Stagonospora nodorum, a fungal pathogen of wheat. This protocol is directly applicable to other fungi especially those in the Dothideomycete class of fungi. C1 [Liu, Zhaohui; Friesen, Timothy L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 21 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-500-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 835 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5_21 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BFY95 UT WOS:000321933000022 PM 22183664 ER PT S AU Zhong, SB Leng, YQ Bolton, MD AF Zhong, Shaobin Leng, Yueqiang Bolton, Melvin D. BE Bolton, MD Thomma, BPHJ TI Construction of Hairpin RNA-Expressing Vectors for RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing in Fungi SO PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE RNAi; Gene silencing; Gateway cloning system; Hairpin RNA; pSilent1; pSGate1 ID COPRINUS-CINEREUS; VIRULENCE FACTOR; INTERFERENCE; ORYZAE; TOOLS AB RNA-mediated gene silencing is one of the major tools for functional genomics in fungi and can be achieved by transformation with constructs that express hairpin (hp) RNA with sequences homologous to the target gene(s). To make an hpRNA expression construct, a portion of the target gene can be amplified by PCR and cloned into a vector as an inverted repeat. The generic gene-silencing vectors such as the pSilent1 and pSGate1 have been developed and are available for RNA-mediated gene-silencing studies. In this protocol, we describe construction of hpRNA-expressing constructs using both pSilent1 and pSGate1. With pSilent1, the PCR products of the target gene are inserted into the vector by conventional cloning (i.e., restriction enzyme digestion and ligation). For pSGate1, the PCR products of the target gene are inserted into the vector through the Gateway-directed recombination system. In this chapter, we describe the construction of RNAi vectors for RNA-mediated gene silencing using both pSilent1 and pSGate1. C1 [Zhong, Shaobin; Leng, Yueqiang] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bolton, Melvin D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Zhong, SB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-500-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2012 VL 835 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5_40 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BFY95 UT WOS:000321933000041 PM 22183683 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Zhang, ZC Faris, JD Oliver, RP Syme, R McDonald, MC McDonald, BA Solomon, PS Lu, SW Shelver, WL Xu, S Friesen, TL AF Liu, Zhaohui Zhang, Zengcui Faris, Justin D. Oliver, Richard P. Syme, Robert McDonald, Megan C. McDonald, Bruce A. Solomon, Peter S. Lu, Shunwen Shelver, Weilin L. Xu, Steven Friesen, Timothy L. TI The Cysteine Rich Necrotrophic Effector SnTox1 Produced by Stagonospora nodorum Triggers Susceptibility of Wheat Lines Harboring Snn1 SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; PTR TOXA; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; AVIRULENCE GENE; CELL-DEATH; CONNECTIVITY PREDICTION AB The wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum produces multiple necrotrophic effectors (also called host-selective toxins) that promote disease by interacting with corresponding host sensitivity gene products. SnTox1 was the first necrotrophic effector identified in S. nodorum, and was shown to induce necrosis on wheat lines carrying Snn1. Here, we report the molecular cloning and validation of SnTox1 as well as the preliminary characterization of the mechanism underlying the SnTox1-Snn1 interaction which leads to susceptibility. SnTox1 was identified using bioinformatics tools and verified by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. SnTox1 encodes a 117 amino acid protein with the first 17 amino acids predicted as a signal peptide, and strikingly, the mature protein contains 16 cysteine residues, a common feature for some avirulence effectors. The transformation of SnTox1 into an avirulent S. nodorum isolate was sufficient to make the strain pathogenic. Additionally, the deletion of SnTox1 in virulent isolates rendered the SnTox1 mutated strains avirulent on the Snn1 differential wheat line. SnTox1 was present in 85% of a global collection of S. nodorum isolates. We identified a total of 11 protein isoforms and found evidence for strong diversifying selection operating on SnTox1. The SnTox1-Snn1 interaction results in an oxidative burst, DNA laddering, and pathogenesis related (PR) gene expression, all hallmarks of a defense response. In the absence of light, the development of SnTox1-induced necrosis and disease symptoms were completely blocked. By comparing the infection processes of a GFP-tagged avirulent isolate and the same isolate transformed with SnTox1, we conclude that SnTox1 may play a critical role during fungal penetration. This research further demonstrates that necrotrophic fungal pathogens utilize small effector proteins to exploit plant resistance pathways for their colonization, which provides important insights into the molecular basis of the wheat-S. nodorum interaction, an emerging model for necrotrophic pathosystems. C1 [Liu, Zhaohui; Zhang, Zengcui; Friesen, Timothy L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Faris, Justin D.; Lu, Shunwen; Xu, Steven; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Oliver, Richard P.; Syme, Robert] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA, Australia. [McDonald, Megan C.; McDonald, Bruce A.] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Plant Pathol Grp, Zurich, Switzerland. [Solomon, Peter S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov RI McDonald, Bruce/A-2748-2008; McDonald, Megan/O-7662-2014; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI McDonald, Bruce/0000-0002-5332-2172; McDonald, Megan/0000-0002-9129-7393; Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 FU USDA-NIFA AFRI [2009-04265]; USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-043-09G]; Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation FX This work was funded by USDA-NIFA AFRI Microbial Biology Program - Competitive grant # 2009-04265, USDA-ARS CRIS # 5442-22000-043-09G and by the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 82 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 AR e1002467 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002467 PG 24 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 898UI UT WOS:000300767100016 PM 22241993 ER PT J AU Panter, KE Welch, KD Gardner, DR Lee, ST Green, BT Pfister, JA Cook, D Davis, TZ Stegelmeier, BL AF Panter, K. E. Welch, K. D. Gardner, D. R. Lee, S. T. Green, B. T. Pfister, J. A. Cook, D. Davis, T. Z. Stegelmeier, B. L. BE Gupta, RC TI Poisonous plants of the United States SO VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY: BASIC AND CLINICAL PRINCIPLES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE; SNAKEWEED GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE; LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI; LOCOWEED ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; LUPINE LUPINUS-LEUCOPHYLLUS; FETAL CLEFT-PALATE; BROOM SNAKEWEED; PONDEROSA PINE; BODY CONDITION; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS C1 [Panter, K. E.; Welch, K. D.; Gardner, D. R.; Lee, S. T.; Green, B. T.; Pfister, J. A.; Cook, D.; Davis, T. Z.; Stegelmeier, B. L.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Panter, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 135 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-385927-3 PY 2012 BP 1031 EP 1079 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385926-6.00100-9 PG 49 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA BER41 UT WOS:000317854000078 ER PT B AU Nelms, KD Porter, MD Gray, MJ AF Nelms, Kevin D. Porter, Michael D. Gray, Matthew J. BE Neal, JW Willis, DW TI Managing Small Impoundments for Wildlife SO SMALL IMPOUNDMENT MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TERRESTRIAL HABITAT; FEEDING ECOLOGY; STOCK PONDS; WOOD DUCKS; LAND-USE; WATERFOWL PRODUCTION; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; CATTAIL MANAGEMENT C1 [Nelms, Kevin D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Greenwood, MS 38930 USA. [Porter, Michael D.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Gray, Matthew J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Nelms, KD (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 200 East Washington St,Fed Bldg Room 306, Greenwood, MS 38930 USA. NR 170 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-34-9 PY 2012 BP 391 EP 420 PG 30 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BFM64 UT WOS:000320562700016 ER PT B AU Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF AF Liebig, Mark A. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Follett, Ronald F. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Agriculture and Climate Change: Mitigation Opportunities and Adaptation Imperatives SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DYNAMIC CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROUS-OXIDE; GREAT-PLAINS; EMISSIONS; METHANE; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; CARBON C1 [Liebig, Mark A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00001-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800003 ER PT J AU Shafer, SR Jawson, MD AF Shafer, Steven R. Jawson, Michael D. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Coordinated Agricultural Research through GRACEnet to Address our Changing Climate FOREWORD SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Shafer, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jawson, Michael D.] US Dept Interior, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Shafer, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800001 ER PT B AU Follett, RF Franzluebbers, AJ Liebig, MA AF Follett, Ronald F. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Liebig, Mark A. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Coordinated Agricultural Research through GRACEnet to Address our Changing Climate PREFACE SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Liebig, Mark A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP XI EP XIII PG 3 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800002 ER PT B AU Walthall, CL Shafer, SR Jawson, MD AF Walthall, Charles L. Shafer, Steven R. Jawson, Michael D. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI GRACEnet: Addressing Policy Needs through Coordinated Cross-location Research SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON C1 [Walthall, Charles L.; Shafer, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Jawson, Michael D.] US Dept Interior, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Walthall, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00002-4 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800004 ER PT J AU Dell, CJ Novak, JM AF Dell, Curtis J. Novak, Jeffrey M. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Cropland Management in the Eastern United States for Improved Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; NO-TILL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOUTHEASTERN USA C1 [Dell, Curtis J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Novak, Jeffrey M.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 23 EP 40 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00003-6 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800005 ER PT J AU Cambardella, CA Johnson, JMF Varvel, GE AF Cambardella, Cynthia A. Johnson, Jane M. F. Varvel, Gary E. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Soil Carbon Sequestration in Central US Agroecosystems SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WESTERN CORN-BELT; CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; NO-TILL; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEMS; COVER CROPS C1 [Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Johnson, Jane M. F.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Varvel, Gary E.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Cambardella, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 143 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00004-8 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800006 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Mikha, MM Brown, TT Smith, JL Huggins, D Sainju, UM AF Collins, Harold P. Mikha, Maysoon M. Brown, Tabitha T. Smith, Jeffrey L. Huggins, David Sainju, Upendra M. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Agricultural Management and Soil Carbon Dynamics: Western US Croplands SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; SILT-LOAM SOIL; CROP-ROTATION; NO-TILL; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; LAND-USE; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES C1 [Collins, Harold P.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Mikha, Maysoon M.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Brown, Tabitha T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.; Huggins, David] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sainju, Upendra M.] USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 128 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 59 EP 77 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00005-X PG 19 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800007 ER PT B AU Derner, JD Jin, VL AF Derner, Justin D. Jin, Virginia L. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Soil Carbon Dynamics and Rangeland Management SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; SATIVA SSP FALCATA; UNITED-STATES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ORGANIC-CARBON; ELEVATED CO2; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; GRAZING LANDS; BLACK CARBON C1 [Derner, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Derner, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY USA. NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00006-1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800008 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Owens, LB Sigua, GC Cambardella, CA Haney, RL AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Owens, Lloyd B. Sigua, Gilbert C. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Haney, Richard L. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Soil Organic Carbon under Pasture Management SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PERENNIAL GRASSLAND SOILS; LONG-TERM PASTURE; POULTRY LITTER; TALL FESCUE; NITROGEN POOLS; LAND-USE; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Owens, Lloyd B.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. [Sigua, Gilbert C.] USDA ARS, Brooksville, FL USA. [Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. [Haney, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA USA. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 93 EP 110 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00007-3 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800009 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Novak, JM AF Johnson, Jane M. F. Novak, Jeffrey M. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstock Production Systems: Integrating Carbon Dynamics, Erosion, Water Quality, and Greenhouse Gas Production SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; CORN STOVER; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; RESIDUE REMOVAL; BLACK CARBON; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CROP RESIDUES; NO-TILL C1 [Johnson, Jane M. F.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Novak, Jeffrey M.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 175 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00008-5 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800010 ER PT B AU Cavigelli, MA Parkin, TB AF Cavigelli, Michel A. Parkin, Timothy B. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Cropland Management Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Flux: Central and Eastern US SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; AVAILABLE MEASUREMENT DATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; FILLED PORE-SPACE; ZEA-MAYS L.; METHANE OXIDATION; N2O EMISSIONS; LONG-TERM; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; FERTILIZER NITROGEN C1 [Cavigelli, Michel A.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Parkin, Timothy B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Cavigelli, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 136 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 129 EP 165 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00009-7 PG 37 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800011 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Steenwerth, KL Suddick, EC Liebig, MA Smith, JL Bronson, KF Collins, HP AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Steenwerth, Kerri L. Suddick, Emma C. Liebig, Mark A. Smith, Jeffery L. Bronson, Kevin F. Collins, Harold P. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Management to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Western US Croplands SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; SOIL CARBON; MICROBIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; VINEYARD AGROECOSYSTEM; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; COVER CROPS; TILLAGE C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Steenwerth, Kerri L.] USDA ARS, RMI North, Davis, CA USA. [Suddick, Emma C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liebig, Mark A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Smith, Jeffery L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bronson, Kevin F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Collins, Harold P.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00010-3 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800012 ER PT B AU Liebig, MA Dong, XJ McLain, JET Dell, CJ AF Liebig, Mark A. Dong, Xuejun McLain, Jean E. T. Dell, Curtis J. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Greenhouse Gas Flux from Managed Grasslands in the US SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; NET CO2 EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS C1 [Liebig, Mark A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Dong, Xuejun] N Dakota State Univ, Cent Grasslands Res Extens Ctr, Streeter, ND USA. [McLain, Jean E. T.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Dell, Curtis J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 183 EP 202 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00011-5 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800013 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Del Grosso, SJ Inman, D Jenkins, RE Spatari, S Zhang, YM AF Adler, Paul R. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Inman, Daniel Jenkins, Robin E. Spatari, Sabrina Zhang, Yimin BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Mitigation Opportunities for Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Feedstock Production across Heterogeneous Landscapes SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; N2O EMISSIONS; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; NO-TILL; SOILS; CORN; MANAGEMENT; EFFICIENCY; ETHANOL; IMPACTS C1 [Adler, Paul R.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Inman, Daniel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Jenkins, Robin E.] DuPont Engn Res & Technol, Wilmington, DE USA. [Spatari, Sabrina] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhang, Yimin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00012-7 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800014 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, SJ Parton, WJ Adler, PR Davis, SC Keough, C Marx, E AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. Parton, William J. Adler, Paul R. Davis, Sarah C. Keough, Cindy Marx, Ernest BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI DayCent Model Simulations for Estimating Soil Carbon Dynamics and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Agricultural Production Systems SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ORGANIC-MATTER; TILLAGE; N2O; TEMPERATURE; GRASSLANDS; SUBMODEL C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Parton, William J.; Keough, Cindy; Marx, Ernest] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Adler, Paul R.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Davis, Sarah C.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00014-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800016 ER PT B AU Paustian, K Schuler, J Killian, K Chambers, A Del Grosso, S Easter, M Alvaro-Fuentes, J Gurung, R Johnson, G Merwin, M Ogle, S Olson, C Swan, A Williams, S Vining, R AF Paustian, Keith Schuler, Jill Killian, Kendrick Chambers, Adam Del Grosso, Steven Easter, Mark Alvaro-Fuentes, Jorge Gurung, Ram Johnson, Greg Merwin, Miles Ogle, Stephen Olson, Carolyn Swan, Amy Williams, Steve Vining, Roel BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI COMET2.0-Decision Support System for Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Accounting SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUNDCOVER MANAGEMENT IMPACTS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; UNITED-STATES; TREE GROWTH; CROPPING INTENSITY; PEACH-TREES; SOIL C; MODEL; N2O; NITROGEN C1 [Paustian, Keith] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paustian, Keith; Schuler, Jill; Killian, Kendrick; Easter, Mark; Alvaro-Fuentes, Jorge; Gurung, Ram; Ogle, Stephen; Swan, Amy; Williams, Steve] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chambers, Adam; Johnson, Greg] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Air Qual & Atmospher Change Team, Portland, OR USA. [Merwin, Miles] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Merwin, Miles] Ridgeback Tree Farm, Portland, OR USA. [Olson, Carolyn] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Off Deputy Chief, Washington, DC USA. [Vining, Roel] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Ctr Informat Technol, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Paustian, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. OI Ogle, Stephen/0000-0003-1899-7446 NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 251 EP 270 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00015-2 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800017 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Follett, RF Liang, Y AF Gollany, Hero T. Follett, Ronald F. Liang, Y. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI CQESTR Simulations of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; NO-TILL CORN; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CROP-ROTATION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION C1 [Gollany, Hero T.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Liang, Y.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. NR 108 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 271 EP 292 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00016-4 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800018 ER PT B AU Liu, SG Tan, ZX Chen, MS Liu, JX Wein, A Li, ZP Huang, SL Oeding, J Young, C Verma, SB Suyker, AE Faulkner, S McCarty, GW AF Liu, Shuguang Tan, Zhengxi Chen, Mingshi Liu, Jinxun Wein, Anne Li, Zhengpeng Huang, Shengli Oeding, Jennifer Young, Claudia Verma, Shashi B. Suyker, Andrew E. Faulkner, Stephen McCarty, Gregory W. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI The General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) and its Applications to Agricultural Systems in the United States SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOSYSTEM CARBON DYNAMICS; LAND-USE; AGGREGATED SOILS; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; EROSION; EMISSIONS C1 [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Tan, Zhengxi; Chen, Mingshi; Li, Zhengpeng; Huang, Shengli] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Liu, Jinxun; Oeding, Jennifer] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Young, Claudia] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Faulkner, Stephen] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. OI Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 309 EP 323 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00018-8 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800020 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Parkin, TB AF Venterea, Rodney T. Parkin, Timothy B. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Quantifying Biases in Non-Steady-State Chamber Measurements of Soil-Atmosphere Gas Exchange SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; CO2 EFFLUX; RESPIRATION; N2O; SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ANALYZER; CLIMATE C1 [Venterea, Rodney T.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. [Parkin, Timothy B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 327 EP 343 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00019-X PG 17 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800021 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Calderon, F Hively, WD AF Reeves, James B., III McCarty, Gregory W. Calderon, Francisco Hively, W. Dean BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Advances in Spectroscopic Methods for Quantifying Soil Carbon SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MIDINFRARED PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-CARBON; MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SPECTRAL LIBRARY; PREDICTION; FIELD; IDENTIFICATION C1 [Reeves, James B., III] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Calderon, Francisco] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO USA. [Hively, W. Dean] USGS Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 345 EP 366 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00020-6 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800022 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Wagner-Riddle, C AF Skinner, R. Howard Wagner-Riddle, Claudia BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Micrometeorological Methods for Assessing Greenhouse Gas Flux SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; EDDY-COVARIANCE; SPRING THAW; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; N2O EMISSIONS C1 [Skinner, R. Howard] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Wagner-Riddle, Claudia] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 367 EP 383 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00021-8 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800023 ER PT B AU Daughtry, CST Hunt, ER Beeson, PC Milak, S Lang, MW Serbin, G Alfieri, JG McCarty, GW Sadeghi, AM AF Daughtry, Craig S. T. Hunt, E. Rayymond, Jr. Beeson, Peter C. Milak, Sushil Lang, Megan W. Serbin, Guy Alfieri, Joseph G. McCarty, Gregory W. Sadeghi, Ali M. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Remote Sensing of Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics across Agricultural Landscapes SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROP RESIDUE COVER; PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; VEGETATION INDEXES; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SOYBEAN CANOPIES; SPECTRAL INDEX C1 [Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Hunt, E. Rayymond, Jr.; Beeson, Peter C.; Alfieri, Joseph G.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Sadeghi, Ali M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Milak, Sushil] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Beltsville, MD USA. [Serbin, Guy] InuTeq LLC, Washington, DC USA. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Serbin, Guy/K-7836-2013 OI Serbin, Guy/0000-0001-9345-1772 NR 140 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 385 EP 408 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00022-X PG 24 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800024 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Kurkalova, LA AF Archer, David W. Kurkalova, Lyubov A. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Economic Outcomes of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; FEATURING DIFFERENT ROTATIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON SEQUESTRATION; IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; LAND-USE CHANGE; CORN-BELT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; ALTERNATIVE TILLAGE; SEQUESTER CARBON C1 [Archer, David W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Kurkalova, Lyubov A.] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00023-1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800025 ER PT J AU Reicosky, DC Goddard, TW Enerson, D Chan, ASK Liebig, MA AF Reicosky, Don C. Goddard, Tom W. Enerson, Dale Chan, Al S. K. Liebig, Mark A. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Trading Markets in North America SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; NO-TILL; BENEFITS; CULTIVATION; INVENTORIES; SYSTEMS; BUDGET C1 [Reicosky, Don C.] USDA ARS, Morris, MN USA. [Goddard, Tom W.] Alberta Agr & Rural Dev, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Enerson, Dale] North Dakota Farmers Union, Jamestown, ND USA. [Chan, Al S. K.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Liebig, Mark A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 423 EP 437 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00024-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800026 ER PT J AU Johansson, R Latta, G White, E Lewandrowski, J Alig, R AF Johansson, Robert Latta, Greg White, Eric Lewandrowski, Jan Alig, Ralph BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Eligibility Criteria Affecting Landowner Participation in Greenhouse Gas Programs SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEQUESTRATION C1 [Johansson, Robert; Lewandrowski, Jan] USDA Off Chief Economist, Climate Change Program Off, Washington, DC USA. [Latta, Greg; White, Eric] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Alig, Ralph] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Johansson, R (reprint author), USDA Off Chief Economist, Climate Change Program Off, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 439 EP 454 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00025-5 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800027 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Follett, RF AF Baker, John M. Follett, Ronald F. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Potential GRACEnet Linkages with Other Greenhouse Gas and Soil Carbon Research and Monitoring Programs SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NETWORK; FLUX; SITES; DIOXIDE; FORESTS; CLIMATE C1 [Baker, John M.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00026-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800028 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Morgan, JA AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Morgan, Jack A. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Elevated CO2 and Warming Effects on Soil Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Exchange in Agroecosystems: A Review SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; RICE PADDY FIELD; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; WHEAT FIELD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia. [Morgan, Jack A.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia. OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 467 EP 486 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00027-9 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800029 ER PT B AU Hatfield, JL Parkin, TB Sauer, TJ Prueger, JH AF Hatfield, J. L. Parkin, T. B. Sauer, T. J. Prueger, J. H. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Mitigation Opportunities from Land Management Practices in a Warming World: Increasing Potential Sinks SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; FLUXES FOLLOWING TILLAGE; SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; NO-TILL; AGRICULTURE IMPLICATIONS; FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA C1 [Hatfield, J. L.; Parkin, T. B.; Sauer, T. J.; Prueger, J. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5; 978-0-12-386897-8 PY 2012 BP 487 EP 504 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00028-0 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800030 ER PT J AU Follett, RF AF Follett, Ronald F. BE Liebig, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Beyond Mitigation: Adaptation of Agricultural Strategies to Overcome Projected Climate Change SO MANAGING AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GASES: COORDINATED AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH THROUGH GRACENET TO ADDRESS OUR CHANGING CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ORGANIC-CARBON; GRAZING LANDS; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; IMPACTS C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386898-5 PY 2012 BP 505 EP 523 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00029-2 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BFH81 UT WOS:000319907800031 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, TK Gonsalves, D AF Matsumoto, Tracie K. Gonsalves, Dennis BE Altman, A Hasegawa, PM TI Biolistic and other non-Agrobacterium technologies of plant transformation SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE: PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PAPAYA-RINGSPOT-VIRUS; HIGH-VELOCITY MICROPROJECTILES; DISCHARGE PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; SOYBEAN PLANTS; FOREIGN GENES; RICE PLANTS C1 [Matsumoto, Tracie K.; Gonsalves, Dennis] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Matsumoto, TK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-381467-8 PY 2012 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-381466-1.00008-0 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BEW34 UT WOS:000318399700011 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ AF Ribic, Christine A. Thompson, Frank R., III Pietz, Pamela J. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI VIDEO SURVEILLANCE of NESTING BIRDS PREFACE SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pietz, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu; frthompson@fs.fed.us; ppietz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP XI EP XII D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100001 ER PT B AU Thompson, FR Ribic, CA AF Thompson, Frank R., III Ribic, Christine A. BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Conservation Implications When the Nest Predators Are Known SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE conservation; cowbirds; forest; grassland; mesopredators; nest predators; passerines; shrubland; snakes; video technology ID GRASSLAND BIRDS; HABITAT USE; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE FEATURES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SONGBIRD NESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; SUCCESS; SURVIVAL AB Conservation and management of passerines has largely focused on habitat manipulation or restoration because the natural communities on which these birds depend have been destroyed and fragmented. However, productivity is another important aspect of avian conservation, and nest predation can be a large source of nesting mortality for passerines. Recent studies using video surveillance to identify nest predators allow researchers to start evaluating what methods could be used to mitigate nest predation to help passerines of conservation concern. From recent studies, we identified latitudinal and habitat-related patterns in the importance of predator groups that depredate passerine nests. We then reviewed how knowledge of specific nest predators can benefit conservation of bird species of concern. Mammals were the dominant predator group in northern grasslands. Snakes were the dominant predator group in southern habitats. Fire ants were only a nest predator in southern latitudes. Differences in the importance of predator species or groups were likely the result of both their geographic patterns of distribution and habitat preferences. Some direct and indirect predator control measures developed for waterfowl management potentially could be used to benefit passerine productivity. We reviewed three examples-cowbirds, snakes in shrublands, and ground squirrels in grasslands-to illustrate how different predator control strategies may be needed in different situations. Mitigation of passerine nest predation will need to be based on knowledge of predator communities to be effective. This requires large samples of predation events with identified predators; video technology is essential for this task. C1 [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Thompson, FR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM frthompson@fs.fed.us; caribic@wisc.edu NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0; 978-0-520-27313-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 23 EP 33 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100004 ER PT J AU Reidy, JL Thompson, FR AF Reidy, Jennifer L. Thompson, Frank R., III BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Predatory Identity Can Explain Nest Predation Patterns SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Black-capped Vireo; cowbirds; endangered species; fire ants; Golden-cheeked Warbler; predation risk; predator identity; snakes; video cameras ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; SONGBIRD NESTS; RURAL LANDSCAPES; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; FORMICIDAE; HABITATS; URBAN; VIDEO AB Knowledge of dominant predators is necessary to identify predation patterns and mitigate losses to nest predation, especially for endangered songbirds. We monitored songbird nests with time-lapse infrared video cameras at Fort Hood Military Reservation, Texas, from 1997 to 2002 and 2005, and in Austin, Texas, during 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009. Predation was the most common source of nest failure. We identified 13 species of predators during 126 predation events. Snakes were the most frequent nest predator group (n = 48), followed by birds (n = 25), fire ants (n = 22), cowbirds (n = 15), and mammals (n = 14). We evaluated models predicting probability of predation by five predator groups that represented two groups of hypotheses: temporal and nest activity factors, and habitat and landscape factors. Snake and fire ant predation primarily occurred at night, whereas bird predation occurred during the day. Mammal predation occurred during both day and night. Predicted nest predation by birds, cowbirds, and mammals decreased throughout the breeding season, but predation by fire ants and snakes increased. Predation was highest on older nestlings (>6 days old) by all predator groups except fire ants, which depredated young nestlings more. The percent urban land class in the landscape and nest height affected predator groups at shrub and canopy nests differently. Bird and snake predation increased for canopy nesters with increasing urbanization and nest height. Cowbird predation increased for shrub nesters with increasing urbanization and nest height, and increased with greater percent of open land use in the landscape for both guilds. We found no good predictor of mammal predation, likely because small and meso-mammals were lumped. We suggest future investigations of nest predation either identify predators, or at least consider who the likely predators are, and consider predator-specific hypotheses. C1 [Reidy, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Reidy, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jennifer.reidy@gmail.com; frthompson@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 135 EP 148 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100013 ER PT J AU Cox, WA Pruett, MS Benson, TJ Chiavacci, SJ Thompson, FR AF Cox, W. Andrew Pruett, M. Shane Benson, Thomas J. Chiavacci, Scott J. Thompson, Frank R., III BE Ribic, CA Thompson, FR Pietz, PJ TI Development of Camera Technology for Monitoring Nests SO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE OF NESTING BIRDS SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE behavior; camera; digital video recorder; nest monitoring; parental care; photography; predation; time-lapse; video ID BIRD NESTS; SONGBIRD NESTS; VIDEO CAMERAS; IDENTIFYING PREDATORS; ARTIFICIAL NEST; SYSTEM; FOREST; PREY; CANNIBALISM; BEHAVIOR AB Photo and video technology has become increasingly useful in the study of avian nesting ecology. However, researchers interested in using camera systems are often faced with insufficient information on the types and relative advantages of available technologies. We reviewed the literature for studies of nests that used cameras and summarized them based on study objective and the type of technology used. We also designed and tested two video systems that we used for three nest predator and behavioral studies. We found 327 studies that recorded 255 bird species spanning 19 orders. Cameras were most commonly used to study nest predators (n = 114), feeding ecology (n = 103), and adult behavior (n = 81). Most systems (69%) were partially or completely user-built. Systems that recorded in real time (>= 25 frames per second), time-lapse (<25 fps), and still images were all common, though their use tended to vary by study objective. Using the time-lapse digital video recording systems we designed, we monitored 184 nests of 15 different species. We generally found these low-cost systems (US$350-725 per unit) to be reliable. Sources of data loss were variable by study but included digital recorder malfunction, power failure, and video cable damage due to rodents. Our review of the literature and our own experiences suggest that researchers carefully consider their objectives and study systems when choosing camera technology. To facilitate selection of the appropriate system, we describe general video system design and offer recommendations for researchers based on commercially available system components. C1 [Cox, W. Andrew] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, ABNR 302, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pruett, M. Shane] Archbold Biol Stn, Avian Ecol Lab, Venus, FL 33960 USA. [Benson, Thomas J.] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Chiavacci, Scott J.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Cox, WA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, ABNR 302, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wac253@mail.missouri.edu; spruett@archbold-station.org; tjbenson@illinois.edu; schiavacci@gmail.com; frthompson@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95409-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 43 BP 185 EP 198 D2 10.1525/california/9780520273139.001.0001 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BFH44 UT WOS:000319872100017 ER PT S AU Kandala, CV Puppala, N AF Kandala, Chari V. Puppala, Naveen GP IEEE TI Capacitance Sensors for Nondestructive Moisture Determination in Grain, Nuts and Bio-fuel materials SO 2012 SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SENSING TECHNOLOGY (ICST) SE International Conference on Sensing Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST) CY DEC 18-21, 2012 CL Kolkata, INDIA ID PEANUTS AB Moisture content of grain, nuts and similar organic materials is an important property to be known to determine their time of harvest, and at various stages of their processing and storage. Several moisture measuring instruments are available in the market but for most of these instruments some sort of sample preparation is needed that involves shelling, grinding and weighing. The samples in this process are usually destroyed, and the measurement involves considerable time and labor. In this work, estimating moisture content (MC) of various types of grain, nuts, and bio-fuel materials from measurement of certain dielectric related properties of a parallel-plate capacitor holding samples of these materials between them at radio frequencies is presented. C1 [Kandala, Chari V.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Puppala, Naveen] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. RP Kandala, CV (reprint author), ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM Chari.Kandala@ars.usda.gov; npuppala@nmsu.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2156-8065 BN 978-1-4673-2248-5; 978-1-4673-2708-4 J9 I CONF SENS TECHNOL PY 2012 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BEQ42 UT WOS:000317683100008 ER PT J AU Martin, DE Carlton, JB AF Martin, Daniel E. Carlton, James B. TI AIRSPEED AND ORIFICE SIZE AFFECT SPRAY DROPLET SPECTRA FROM AN AERIAL ELECTROSTATIC NOZZLE FOR ROTARY-WING APPLICATIONS SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article DE electrostatic charging; helicopter; aerial application; aerial spraying; agricultural aviation; laser diffraction ID REDUCED-VOLUME; DEPOSITION; COTTON; FOLIAR; DRIFT; SYSTEM; FIELD AB The aerial electrostatic spraying system patented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) is a unique aerial application system that inductively charges spray droplets for the purpose of increasing deposition and efficacy. While this system has many potential benefits, no published data exist that describe how changes in airspeed or nozzle orifice size affect the droplet spectra of charged sprays at rotary-wing airspeeds. This study quantified these effects in a controlled wind tunnel at airspeeds from 80 to 177 km/h. These tests were conducted at the USDA-ARS Aerial Application Technology research facilities in College Station, Texas. Laser diffraction data showed that increases in airspeed generally produced smaller spray droplets for all nozzle orifices tested, as quantified by standard spray droplet parameters. Generally, a decrease in nozzle orifice size increased the fineness of the spray droplet spectra at all airspeeds but also increased the charge-to-mass ratio of the spray, which can improve spray deposition. The results from this study will help aerial applicators better understand how changes in rotary-wing airspeeds and nozzle orifice size affect droplet size from aerial electrostatic nozzles. C1 [Martin, Daniel E.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Carlton, James B.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, Brenham, TX USA. RP Martin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. EM Daniel.Martin@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2012 VL 22 IS 12 BP 997 EP 1010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 153VW UT WOS:000319631600001 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, Ariel E. TI Social silviculture: a new paradigm in the search for sustainable land conservation in the tropics? SO BOIS ET FORETS DES TROPIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SCIENCE C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR PI MONTPELLIER PA B P 5035, MONTPELLIER, 00000, FRANCE SN 0006-579X J9 BOIS FOR TROP JI Bois For. Trop. PY 2012 IS 314 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 152PY UT WOS:000319544800001 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE Martinez, OA da Silva, JF AF Lugo, Ariel E. Abelleira Martinez, Oscar da Silva, Jessica Fonseca TI Aboveground biomass, wood volume, nutrient stocks and leaf litter in novel forests compared to native forests and tree plantations in Puerto Rico SO BOIS ET FORETS DES TROPIQUES LA English DT Article DE novel forest; plantings; leaf litter; aboveground biomass; nutrients; Caribbean forests ID TROPICAL FORESTS; SECONDARY FORESTS AB The article presents comparative data for aboveground biomass, wood volume, nutrient stocks (N, P. K) and leaf litter in different types of forests in Puerto Rico. The aim of the study is to assess how novel forests of Castilla elastic, Panama Rubber Tree, and Spathodea campanulata, African Tulip Tree, compare with tree plantations and native historical forests (both secondary and mature). It found that novel forests of these two species can accumulate large quantities of biomass and nutrients above ground that they do so at a rapid rate and that they exhibit high rates of leaf fall. They can match or exceed tree plantations and native forests in all parameters except the accumulation of nitrogen above ground. These results support the notion that novel forests can contribute to the restoration of biomass and nutrient stocks in previously deforested sites. However, across the island as a whole, the values for biomass in many types of novel forest are lower than those observed for Spathodea and Castilla in this study. The age of stands and site conditions appear to be critical to the level of nutrient and biomass accumulation in these forests. C1 [Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Abelleira Martinez, Oscar] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Abelleira Martinez, Oscar] CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. [da Silva, Jessica Fonseca] Ctr Energia Ambiente & Biodiversidade, Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, BR-69065001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 23 PU CIRAD-CENTRE COOPERATION INT RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE POUR PI MONTPELLIER PA B P 5035, MONTPELLIER, 00000, FRANCE SN 0006-579X J9 BOIS FOR TROP JI Bois For. Trop. PY 2012 IS 314 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 152PY UT WOS:000319544800002 ER PT S AU Cheng, HN Dowd, MK Biswas, A AF Cheng, H. N. Dowd, Michael K. Biswas, Atanu BE Smith, PB Gross, RA TI Biobased Polymeric Materials Prepared from Cotton Byproducts SO BIOBASED MONOMERS, POLYMERS, AND MATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 27-31, 2011 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; COMPOSITES; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE; BEHAVIOR AB Cotton burr and cottonseed hull are relatively inexpensive natural renewable materials from cotton and cottonseed processing. Recently several new polymer applications have been reported involving these byproducts. These new developments are briefly reviewed in this article. In the first application, the cotton byproducts have been used directly as fillers in poly(lactic acid) and low-density polyethylene composites. The composites have been prepared by melt blending and extrusion. The addition of these low-cost fillers has slightly changed the composite's thermal properties but significantly affected the composite's mechanical properties. In the second application, the cotton byproducts have been partly converted into cellulose esters without prior chemical breakdown or physical separation of cellulose, lignin, protein, and other components. The process entails treating these materials with acetic anhydride and iodine, with no solvent involved except during sample workup. In the third application, these materials have been partly converted into carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl xylan. Potential uses of these materials are discussed. C1 [Cheng, H. N.; Dowd, Michael K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2767-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1105 BP 47 EP 62 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science GA BEZ91 UT WOS:000318959800004 ER PT S AU Cheng, HN AF Cheng, H. N. BE Khemani, K Scholz, C TI An Overview of Degradable Polymers SO DEGRADABLE POLYMERS AND MATERIALS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE (2ND EDITION) SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2822-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1114 BP XIII EP XIV D2 10.1021/bk-2012-1114 PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BEZ37 UT WOS:000318885200002 ER PT J AU Scott, JH Helmbrecht, DJ Parks, SA Miller, C AF Scott, Joe H. Helmbrecht, Donald J. Parks, Sean A. Miller, Carol TI QUANTIFYING THE THREAT OF UNSUPPRESSED WILDFIRES REACHING THE ADJACENT WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE ON THE BRIDGER-TETON NATIONAL FOREST, WYOMING, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burn probability; fire management; fire occurrence; FSim; simulation modeling; wildfire hazard ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; FUEL-MANAGEMENT; FIRE BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; CALIFORNIA; RISK; WILDERNESS; DYNAMICS AB An important objective for many federal land management agencies is to restore fire to ecosystems that have experienced fire suppression or exclusion over the last century. Managing wildfires for resource objectives (i.e., allowing wildfires to burn in the absence of suppression) is an important tool for restoring such fire-adapted ecosystems. To support management decisions that allow wildfires to burn unsuppressed, land managers need a quantitative assessment of the potential for such wildfires to reach nearby fire-susceptible resources and assets. We established a study area on a portion of the Bridger-Teton National Forest near Jackson, Wyoming, USA, where land managers wish to restore fire by managing wildfires, but are concerned about the threat to residential buildings. We modeled the ignition and unsuppressed growth of wildfires starting in a remote portion of the study area using FSim, a fire occurrence, growth, and suppression simulation model. We then characterized annual area burned and the likelihood that wildfires would reach a nearby wildland-urban interface (WUI) defense zone. Early-season fires burned longer and grew larger than late-season fires, and thus had a higher likelihood of reaching the WUI zone (3% of May fires compared to 0.1% of October fires). Because fire managers do not anticipate managing all fire starts for resource objectives, we applied a simple rule set termed "RO rules," indicating the fraction of starts by month to be managed for resource objectives. This reduced the expected number of fires reaching the WUI zone by 70%, and the expected WUI zone area burned by 61%. From 1990 to 2009, a mean of 207 ha yr(-1) had been burned by wildfires starting in the remote portion of the study area. By contrast, we estimated that 14 431 ha yr(-1) could burn if no fire starts were suppressed, and 4861 ha yr(-1) after applying the RO rules. Our analysis approach can be extended to determine which parts of the landscape are most likely to produce fires that reach specific targets on the landscape. C1 [Scott, Joe H.] Pyrologix, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Helmbrecht, Donald J.] USDA Forest Serv, TEAMS Enterprise Unit, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Parks, Sean A.; Miller, Carol] USDA Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Scott, JH (reprint author), Pyrologix, 520 Ford St, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM joe.scott@pyrologix.com FU Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana FX We thank D. Deiter, District Ranger on the Jackson Ranger District, Bridger-Teton National Forest; M. Johnston, North Zone Fire Management Officer, Bridger-Teton National Forest, for providing the monthly rules for resource-objective wildfire management; T. Smail, LANDFIRE, for his guidance in developing the fire modeling landscape; and M. Finney, Missoula Fire Sciences Lab, Rocky Mountain Research Station, for access to a computer for running FSim. Funding for the preparation of this manuscript was provided by the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana. H. Williams and J. Fischer assisted with manuscript preparation. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 125 EP 142 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0802125 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KO UT WOS:000319014800008 ER PT J AU Hubbert, KR Wohlgemuth, PM Beyers, JL Narog, MG Gerrard, R AF Hubbert, Ken R. Wohlgemuth, Pete M. Beyers, Jan L. Narog, Marcia G. Gerrard, Ross TI POST-FIRE SOIL WATER REPELLENCY, HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE, AND SEDIMENT YIELD COMPARED BETWEEN GRASS-CONVERTED AND CHAPARRAL WATERSHEDS SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dry ravel; hydrologic response; post-wildfire; sediment yield; soil water repellency ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; EROSION RATES; BURN SEVERITY; OVERLAND-FLOW; FIRE; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; WILDFIRE AB In 2002, the Williams Fire burned >90% of the San Dimas Experimental Forest, providing an opportunity to investigate differences in soil water repellency, peak discharge, and sediment yield between grass-converted and chaparral watersheds. Post-fire water repellency and moisture content were measured in the winter and summer for four years. Peak discharge was determined using trapezoidal flumes with automated stage-height recorders. Sediment yields were measured by making repeated sag-tape surveys of small debris basins. Other than the high summer 2005 increase in repellency on the grass watersheds, only small differences in repellency were observed between the grass and chaparral sites. In general, soil water repellency increased with depth, decreased with time following the fire, and was inversely related to soil moisture content (i.e., least repellent during the winter and most repellent during the summer). Reduction in repellency occurred at moisture contents ranging between 8% to 16%. Approximately 85% of the sediment delivered to the debris basins occurred during the first year, with first year sediment yields being greatest in the chaparral watersheds. Peak discharge was similar for both the grass and chaparral watersheds and was highest following the record rainfall of the 2005 hydrologic year. However, only minor sedimentation followed the record rain events and was similar in both watershed types, suggesting that percent plant cover was sufficient and that the supply of easily mobilized sediment and ravel was depleted after the first post-fire winter. C1 [Hubbert, Ken R.; Gerrard, Ross] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Wohlgemuth, Pete M.; Beyers, Jan L.; Narog, Marcia G.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Hubbert, KR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM khubbert@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program FX This project was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program. Field assistance was provided by Valerie Oriol, Erin Kreutz, and Mark Parlow. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 143 EP 162 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0802143 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KO UT WOS:000319014800009 ER PT S AU Wilson, AD AF Wilson, Alphus Dan BE Karahoca, A Kanbul, S TI Review of Electronic-nose Technologies and Algorithms to Detect Hazardous Chemicals in the Environment SO FIRST WORLD CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES (INSODE 2011) SE Procedia Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Conference on Innovation and Software Development (INSODE) CY OCT 02-10, 2011 CL Bahcesehir Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY HO Bahcesehir Univ DE Electronic aroma detection; E-nose devices; Environmental protection; Pollution; Multisensor arrays; Volatile organic compounds ID COMPOSITE VAPOR DETECTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; TIN OXIDE SENSOR; ENHANCED SENSITIVITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NEURAL-NETWORK; ARRAY; FILM; AIR; CLASSIFICATION AB Novel mobile electronic-nose (e-nose) devices and algorithms capable of real-time detection of industrial and municipal pollutants, released from point-sources, recently have been developed by scientists worldwide that are useful for monitoring specific environmental-pollutant levels for enforcement and implementation of effective pollution-abatement programs. E-nose devices are ideal instruments for measuring and monitoring carbon and greenhouse-gas emissions due to their sensitivity to a wide diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A large number of e-nose instrument types, based on a wide diversity of technologies and operational mechanisms, are available to monitor gaseous and particulate pollutants released into the atmosphere, or liquid and dissolved organic pollutants released into municipal and industrial waste-water systems. Some commonly used e-nose technologies include conducting polymers (CP), metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors. Potential pollution-detection applications of e-noses range from atmospheric pollutant (gas-leak) detection of carbon emissions from biofuel production plants and fossil-fuel production sources in the oil and gas industry to VOC-releases from numerous other industries. E-nose technologies are potentially capable of monitoring all phases of industrial manufacturing processes to minimize production of pollutants and maintain efficient, clean production lines. E-nose devices are also useful in designing more environmentally-friendly, clean technologies for energy production, various industrial processes and product-manufacturing systems. This paper is a review of recent novel electronic-nose systems and algorithms, developed over the past decade, that have potential applications for detecting specific types of harmful VOC pollutants in the environment to meet carbon-capture and emission-reduction targets of worldwide environmental protection agencies. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wilson, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Hardwoods Lab, 432 Stoneville Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM dwilson02@fs.fed.us NR 70 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0173 J9 PROC TECH PY 2012 VL 1 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.protcy.2012.02.101 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEZ65 UT WOS:000318909900078 ER PT J AU Handler, AM O'Brochta, DA AF Handler, Alfred M. O'Brochta, David A. BE Gilbert, LI TI Transposable Elements for Insect Transformation SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; MARINER-LIKE ELEMENTS; GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; NON-DROSOPHILID INSECTS; PIGGYBAC-LIKE ELEMENTS; SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES; MEDIATED ENHANCER DETECTION AB The germ-lines of more than 35 species from five orders of insects have been genetically transformed, using vectors derived from Class II transposable elements. Initially the P and hobo vector systems developed for D. melanogaster were not applicable to other species, but four transposons found in other species, Hermes, Minos, Mos1, and piggy-Bac, were found to be widely functional in most insects. Genetic marker discovery and development have been equally important to vector development. Originally, cloned eye-color genes from Drosophila that complemented existing mutations in other insects were used, but now more widely applicable dominant-acting fluorescent protein genes are effective transformation markers and reporters for gene expression. Transformation technology is advancing at a fortuitous time when genomics is providing resources necessary for transgenic strain development in pest species to control their population size and behavior. Transposon-based transformation methods are also advancing insertional mutagenesis techniques, such as enhancer traps and transposon tagging, to facilitate the gene discovery and functional analysis that provides these resources. Together, efficient and routine methods for transposon-mediated germ-line transformation and genomics analysis should provide tools critical to the advancement of our understanding and control of insect species. C1 [Handler, Alfred M.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [O'Brochta, David A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Brochta, David A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 326 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384748-5 PY 2012 BP 90 EP 133 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384747-8.10004-2 PG 44 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BEY02 UT WOS:000318596400005 ER PT J AU Muthukrishnan, S Merzendorfer, H Arakane, Y Kramer, KJ AF Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Merzendorfer, Hans Arakane, Yasuyuki Kramer, Karl J. BE Gilbert, LI TI Chitin Metabolism in Insects SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BETA-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; PERITROPHIC MATRIX FORMATION; MANDUCA-SEXTA L; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS COLEOPTERA; TICK HAEMAPHYSALIS-LONGICORNIS; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS LARVAE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; VIRUS-ENCODED CHITINASE; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA SEEDS; WHEAT-GERM-AGGLUTININ C1 [Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam; Kramer, Karl J.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Merzendorfer, Hans] Univ Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany. [Arakane, Yasuyuki] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Kramer, Karl J.] USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Muthukrishnan, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 290 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384748-5 PY 2012 BP 193 EP 235 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384747-8.10007-8 PG 43 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BEY02 UT WOS:000318596400008 ER PT J AU Thaxton, JM Van Bloem, SJ Whitmire, S AF Thaxton, Jarrod M. Van Bloem, Skip J. Whitmire, Stefanie TI FUEL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NATIVE AND EXOTIC GRASSES IN A SUBTROPICAL DRY FOREST IN PUERTO RICO SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alien species; fuel loads; fuel management; grass; Guanica Commonwealth Forest; invasive species; Puerto Rico; subtropical dry forest ID HURRICANE WINDS; FIRE CYCLE; INVASION; RESTORATION; SAVANNAS AB Exotic grasses capable of increasing frequency and intensity of anthropogenic fire have invaded subtropical and tropical dry forests worldwide. Since many dry forest trees are susceptible to fire, this can result in decline of native species and loss of forest cover. While the contribution of exotic grasses to altered fire regimes has been well documented, the role of native grasses in contributing to fuel loads in dry forest has received little attention. We assessed differences in fuel conditions among native and exotic grasses within a subtropical dry forest preserve in Puerto Rico. We quantified fine fuel loads, fuel continuity, and seasonal changes in percent dead grass among the following grass patch types: (1) native grass with no known history of recent fire, (2) exotic grass that had burned once (single burn), and (3) exotic grass that burns frequently. Sampling was conducted during one wet season (August to October 2008) and again in the following dry season (February to March 2009). Overall, fine fuel loading was highest in native grass, but this was due to woody fuels rather than grass fuels. Percent of dead grass fuels increased with the transition from wet to dry season, and this increase was more pronounced for exotic grasses. Fuel continuity was highest in frequently burned exotic grass. Differences in grass phenology and fuel continuity may contribute to differences in fire frequency among native and exotic grass patches. Fuel management focused on prescribed fire should be used in conjunction with restoration of tree canopy to reduce fuels and limit development of a grass-fire cycle. C1 [Thaxton, Jarrod M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Van Bloem, Skip J.; Whitmire, Stefanie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Van Bloem, Skip J.] USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Forest Serv, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Thaxton, JM (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 9000, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM jarrod.thaxton@upr.edu RI Van Bloem, Skip/C-5315-2016 OI Van Bloem, Skip/0000-0001-7165-6646 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0803009 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KY UT WOS:000319015900003 ER PT J AU Knapp, EE Weatherspoon, CP Skinner, CN AF Knapp, Eric E. Weatherspoon, C. Phillip Skinner, Carl N. TI SHRUB SEED BANKS IN MIXED CONIFER FORESTS OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AND THE ROLE OF FIRE IN REGULATING ABUNDANCE SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctostaphylos; California; Ceanothus; fire; mixed conifer forest; prescribed fire; Prunus; seed bank ID SIERRA-NEVADA; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; SOIL TEMPERATURES; CHAPARRAL SHRUBS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; DOUGLAS-FIR; WHITE FIR; GERMINATION; REGENERATION; DISPERSAL AB Understory shrubs play important ecological roles in forests of the western US, but they can also impede early tree growth and lead to fire hazard concerns when very dense. Some of the more common genera (Ceanothus, Arctostaphylos, and Prunus) persist for long periods in the seed bank, even in areas where plants have been shaded out. To determine shrub seed density and investigate the feasibility of managing shrub abundance by regulating the size of the soil seed bank with fire, we sampled the seed bank in 24 mixed conifer forest stands throughout northern California. Twenty stands were unburned, two had recently burned in wildfires, and two (McCloud and Jennie Springs) were subjected to experimental prescribed fires with unburned controls. Seeds were extracted from duff and soil that was collected in six layers, to a depth of 10 cm in the mineral soil. Ceanothus seeds were the most abundant (mean = 246 seeds m(-2)), noted at all sites and at 88% of sampling locations within unburned sites. Arctostaphylos and Prunus seeds were less abundant (mean = 29 seeds m(-2) and 6 seeds m(-2), respectively), but still recorded at 64% and 45% of the unburned sites, respectively. The depth of seed burial varied at all unburned sites, but some seed was present even at the deepest (6 cm to 10 cm) soil layer, where seed mortality due to heat from burning is least likely. Seed density was substantially reduced, but not eliminated, by October prescribed burns at both McCloud and Jennie Springs, while seed density following July burns at Jennie Springs did not differ from the control. The abundance of buried seed indicates that restoring shrubs to forest understory should be possible even in areas where they are currently lacking. If preventing shrubs from colonizing a site is the management goal, the effectiveness of a single prescribed fire may be limited. C1 [Knapp, Eric E.; Weatherspoon, C. Phillip; Skinner, Carl N.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Knapp, EE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM eknapp@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 34 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0801032 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KI UT WOS:000319014200004 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Safford, H AF Miller, Jay D. Safford, Hugh TI TRENDS IN WILDFIRE SEVERITY: 1984 TO 2010 IN THE SIERRA NEVADA, MODOC PLATEAU, AND SOUTHERN CASCADES, CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; fire effects; fire severity; Forest Service; Sierra Nevada; wildfire ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE SEVERITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIXED-CONIFER; FOREST; AREA; SUPPRESSION; SIMULATION; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS AB Data from recent assessments indicate that the annual area of wildfires burning at high severity (where most trees are killed) has increased since 1984 across much of the southwestern United States. Increasing areas of high-severity fire can occur when greater area is burned at constant proportion of high-severity fire, or when the proportion of high-severity fire within fire perimeters increases, or some combination of both. For the Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment (SNFPA) area, which includes forestlands in eastern California and western Nevada, Miller et al. (2009a) concluded that the proportion of area burning at high severity in mixed-conifer forests had risen over the 1984 to 2004 period. However, no statistical assessment was made of the temporal trend in high-severity fire area because the analyzed dataset was incomplete in the early years of the study period. In this update, we use satellite-derived estimates of fire severity from the three most widely distributed SNFPA forest types to examine the trend in percent high severity and high-severity fire area for all wildfires >= 80 ha that occurred during the 1984 to 2010 period. Time-series regression modeling indicates that the percentage of total high severity per year for a combination of yellow pine (ponderosa pine [Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson] or Jeffrey pine [P. jeffreyi Balf.]) and mixed-conifer forests increased significantly over the 27-year period. The annual area of high-severity fire also increased significantly in yellow pine-mixed-conifer forests. The percentage of high severity in fires >= 400 ha burning in yellow pine-mixed-conifer forests was significantly higher than in fires <400 ha. Additionally, the number of fires >= 400 ha significantly increased over the 1950 to 2010 period. There were no significant trends in red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murray bis) forests. These results confirm and expand our earlier published results for a shorter 21-year period. C1 [Miller, Jay D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, McClellan, CA 95652 USA. [Safford, Hugh] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Safford, Hugh] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3237 Peacekeeper Way,Suite 101, McClellan, CA 95652 USA. EM jaymiller@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 10 U2 47 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0803041 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KY UT WOS:000319015900006 ER PT J AU Gabrielson, AT Larson, AJ Lutz, JA Reardon, JJ AF Gabrielson, Anton T. Larson, Andrew J. Lutz, James A. Reardon, James J. TI BIOMASS AND BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR PINE CONES SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuel loading; mixed-conifer; Pinus lambertiana; Sierra Nevada; surface fuel; Yosemite National Park ID SIERRA-NEVADA CONIFERS; PONDEROSA PINE; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE; FORESTS; NEEDLES; FUELS; RATES; USA AB We investigated the physical and burning characteristics of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Douglas) cones and their contribution to woody surface fuel loadings. Field sampling was conducted at the Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot (YFDP), a 25.6 ha mapped study plot in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We developed a classification system to describe sugar pine cones of different sizes and decay conditions, and examined differences among cone classes in biomass, bulk density, flame length, burning time, consumption, and relative contribution to surface fuel loads. Sugar pine cones comprised 601 kg ha(-1) of surface fuels. Mature cones comprised 54 % of cone biomass, and aborted juvenile cones accounted for 44 %. Cone biomass, diameter, and bulk density differed among cone condition classes, as did burning characteristics (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.001 in all cases). Flame lengths ranged from 5 cm to 94 cm for juvenile cones, and 71 cm to 150 cm for mature cones. Our results showed that the developmental stage at which sugar pine cones become surface fuels determines their potential contribution to surface fire behavior in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. Sugar pine cones burn with greater flame lengths and flame times than the cones of other North American fire-tolerant pine species studied to date, indicating that cones augment the surface fire regime of sugar pine forests, and likely do so to a greater degree than do cones of other pine species. C1 [Gabrielson, Anton T.; Larson, Andrew J.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lutz, James A.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reardon, James J.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Larson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM andrew.larson@cfc.umt.edu FU College of Forestry and Conservation Irene Evers' Undergraduate Research Scholarship; University of Montana Davidson Honors College Undergraduate Research Award FX We thank C. A. Cansler for advice on study design, field, and laboratory assistance, and comments on earlier versions of this paper. We thank L. Brett for field assistance. J. Meyer and Yosemite National Park provided logistical support. M. Barth, P. Chi, C. Maher, and D. Wright provided valuable comments on previous versions of this manuscript. A. T. Gabrielson was supported by a College of Forestry and Conservation Irene Evers' Undergraduate Research Scholarship and a University of Montana Davidson Honors College Undergraduate Research Award. Two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor provided sets of detailed comments and suggestions for revision that markedly improved the original manuscript. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 58 EP 70 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0803058 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 145KY UT WOS:000319015900007 ER PT J AU Levi, A AF Levi, Amnon TI Special Issue: Cucurbitaceae: Insights inot Domestication, Production, and Consumption FOREWORD SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISR J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 SI SI BP 393 EP 393 DI 10.1560/IJPS.60.4.393 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 145AG UT WOS:000318984300001 ER PT J AU Jeffery, J Davis, A King, S AF Jeffery, Jennifer Davis, Angela King, Stephen TI Understanding the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway: Observation of four color variants of developing watermelon fruit SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RED WATERMELON; CANARY YELLOW; LYCOPENE; TOMATO; GENE; CHROMOPLASTS; EXPRESSION; CYCLASE; CANCER AB The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway regulatory mechanisms leading to lycopene accumulation are well defined in the model fruit, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). The regulatory mechanisms leading to accumulation of other carotenoids and flesh colors, however, are poorly understood. The variety of flesh colors available in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) fruit makes it ideal for investigating the regulation of the full pathway. Carotenoid accumulation was measured in seven watermelon varieties, representing four flesh colors and two ploidy levels, throughout fruit maturation. We found that the putative regulatory mechanisms controlling lycopene accumulation in red-fleshed fruit follows the same regulatory patterns as the other flesh color mutants with differing predominant carotenoids. In general, products downstream of the predominant carotenoid for each color mutant accumulate until a "breaker stage" (approx. 20 days post pollination) at which time the major carotenoid and its precursors accumulate and downstream products diminish. Consistent with other reports, triploid varieties generally had higher concentrations of carotenoids than diploids (an average of 1.5 and 4.0 times in red and orange flesh, respectively). Interestingly, triploid watermelon demonstrated different carotenoid developmental patterns, suggesting the increased carotenoid content is controlled early on in fruit development. Analyzing the carotenoid accumulation in developing fruit suggests that canary yellow-fleshed watermelon have a fully functional carotenoid pathway, red fruit have a nonfunctional beta-cyclase gene, and orange and salmon yellow fruit have reduced- or non-functional phytoene desaturase and/or carotenoid isomerase genes. This improved understanding of the biosynthetic pathway regulation will help when planning traditional breeding and biotechnological techniques to improve carotenoid content in watermelon and other carotenoid-containing species. C1 [Jeffery, Jennifer] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, Angela] USDA ARS, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [King, Stephen] Millican Farms LLC, Millican, TX 77866 USA. RP King, S (reprint author), Millican Farms LLC, POB 603, Millican, TX 77866 USA. EM steve@millicanfarms.com FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture, "Designing Foods for Health" through the Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas AgriLife Research [2004-34402-14768, 2005-34402-16401, 2006-34402-17121] FX This paper is a portion of Jennifer Jeffery's dissertation. This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture under Agreements No. 2004-34402-14768, 2005-34402-16401 and 2006-34402-17121, "Designing Foods for Health" through the Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas AgriLife Research. We would like to thank Haejeen Bang for supplying the samples the first year. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 23 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISR J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 SI SI BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1560/IJPS.60.4.425 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 145AG UT WOS:000318984300005 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Adkins, S Turechek, WW Webster, CG Webb, SE Baker, CA Stansly, PA Roberts, PD AF Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Adkins, Scott Turechek, William W. Webster, Craig G. Webb, Susan E. Baker, Carlye A. Stansly, Philip A. Roberts, Pamela D. TI Progress and challenges in managing watermelon vine decline caused by whitefly-transmitted Squash Vein Yellowing Virus (SqVYV) SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cucurbit; bitter gourd; potyvirus; ipomovirus; host resistance; SqVYV; CVYV ID STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; BEMISIA-TABACI; CITRULLUS-COLOCYNTHIS; INSECTICIDAL CONTROL; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; CULTURAL-PRACTICES; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; VIRAL DISEASES; HOST-RANGE; 1ST REPORT AB Watermelon vine decline (WVD) is an emerging threat to watermelon production in southwest and west-central Florida. Losses in 2004-2005 due to WVD were estimated to be more than 60 million US dollars. The disease is caused by Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV, family: Potyviridae, genus: Ipomovirus) and is transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). SqVYV is a close relative of, but distinct from, another cucurbit-infecting ipomovirus, Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), that has been reported from most countries in the Mediterranean Basin since it was first described in Israel in the 1960s. Symptoms of WVD typically include a sudden decline and death of vines at or just prior to harvest. Fruit symptoms include internal flesh degradation and necrosis of the fruit rind. So far, only cucurbits have been confirmed as hosts for SqVYV, and striking symptoms of vine decline in agricultural production have been observed only on watermelon. Balsam-apple (Momordica charantia), a cucurbit weed that is widely distributed in Florida, was found to be a common reservoir host for SqVYV. Management of whitefly populations using insecticides was shown to reduce WVD development and incidence of fruit symptoms. Sources of resistance to SqVYV have been identified, and resistant germplasm resources are being developed. Present recommendations for managing WVD include management of whitefly populations, removal of SqVYV reservoir hosts, and crop destruction soon after harvest. This manuscript will review the progress and challenges in dealing with WVD since it first appeared in Florida in 2003, and compare and contrast it with CVYV. C1 [Kousik, Chandrasekar S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Adkins, Scott; Turechek, William W.; Webster, Craig G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Webb, Susan E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Baker, Carlye A.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv FDACS DPI, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stansly, Philip A.; Roberts, Pamela D.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Kousik, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM shaker.kousik@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CSREES SCRI [2008-04890]; National Watermelon Association; Florida Watermelon Association FX We acknowledge the technical assistance of Jennifer Ikerd, William Cook, Jessie Dufault, Richard Carrington Dunn, Rod Sytsma, Barry Kostyk, Carrie Vanderspool, and Greg Hess in many of these experiments. Financial support was provided in part by USDA CSREES SCRI grant 2008-04890, The National Watermelon Association, and the Florida Watermelon Association. Mention of a trademark name or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture, nor does it imply exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISR J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 SI SI BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.1560/IJPS.60.4.435 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 145AG UT WOS:000318984300006 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA Gao, MX AF Niemira, Brendan A. Gao, Meixu BE Cullen, PJ Tiwari, BK Valdramidis, VP TI Irradiation of Fluid Foods SO NOVEL THERMAL AND NON-THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLUID FOODS SE Food Science and Technology-International Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ORANGE JUICE; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; RADIATION SENSITIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APPLE JUICE; STORAGE; INACTIVATION; MANGO; ACID C1 [Niemira, Brendan A.] ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Gao, Meixu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Applicat Atom Energy, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-381471-5 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-INT PY 2012 BP 167 EP 183 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-381470-8.00007-4 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BET47 UT WOS:000318025800008 ER PT J AU Dupuy, C Gundersen-Rindal, D Cusson, M AF Dupuy, Catherine Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn Cusson, Michel BE Beckage, NE Drezen, JM TI Genomics and Replication of Polydnaviruses SO PARASITOID VIRUSES: SYMBIONTS AND PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS ICHNOVIRUS; COTESIA-PLUTELLAE BRACOVIRUS; WASP CHELONUS-INANITUS; PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS HEMOCYTES; CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN; REPEAT ELEMENT GENES; PARASITOID WASP; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; CONGREGATA BRACONIDAE; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION AB Most large DNA viruses have a pathogenic association with their hosts, with symbiosis being a rare exception. A striking example of the latter, however, is found among DNA viruses of the family Polydnaviridae (PDV), which have evolved a complex association with wasps that live as endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae. PDVs replicate asymptomatically in their wasp hosts but infect and cause severe disease in parasitized caterpillars. The two recognized PDV taxa, ichnoviruses (IVs) and bracoviruses (BVs), are associated with endoparasitic wasps of the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, respectively, and have distinct ancestors. Here, we survey the available data on the genome sequence and gene content of members of these two taxa. A comparison of the two groups shows that, despite their distinct origins, IV and BV genomes display similar organizational features. However, they share relatively few genes, which have diversified into multigene families in both taxa. We also review what is known about mechanisms of PDV replication in the wasp host. These viruses constitute a versatile, replication-defective system for delivery of virulence genes to parasitized host insects. C1 [Dupuy, Catherine] Univ Tours, Fac Sci & Tech, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, CNRS,UMR 6035, F-37200 Tours, France. [Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cusson, Michel] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Dupuy, C (reprint author), Univ Tours, Fac Sci & Tech, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, CNRS,UMR 6035, Parc Grandmond, F-37200 Tours, France. NR 96 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384859-8 PY 2012 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384858-1.00004-7 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Virology SC Parasitology; Virology GA BET74 UT WOS:000318069200006 ER PT J AU Gundersen-Rindal, D AF Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn BE Beckage, NE Drezen, JM TI Integration of Polydnavirus DNA into Host Cellular Genomic DNA SO PARASITOID VIRUSES: SYMBIONTS AND PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROLLING-CIRCLE TRANSPOSONS; GLYPTAPANTELES-INDIENSIS POLYDNAVIRUS; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS POLYDNAVIRUS; MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR POLYDNAVIRUS; CHELONUS-INANITUS POLYDNAVIRUS; VIRESCENS PROTHORACIC GLANDS; PARASITOID WASP; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; IN-VITRO; COTESIA-CONGREGATA AB Polydnaviruses are unique insect viruses that are obligately associated with thousands of parasitoid wasp species in intimate mutualistic symbioses. Polydnaviruses have evolved by atypical life-cycle and replication strategies that require two separate insect hosts. In addition, they exist in two distinct forms, both as linear integrated provirus and as double-strand circular forms of genome segments encapsidated into virions. The linear integrated provirus form is transferred vertically through the parasitoid germline. The encapsidated circular form packaged in virions is produced from the integrated proviral form in the female parasitoid and is transferred horizontally by injection into the secondary insect host during oviposition along with egg(s) and ovarian and other proteins, where upon infection viral genes are expressed and cause immune suppression, developmental arrest, and other negative effects. Integration, the insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA, is a central theme in polydnavirus biology for both provirus and encapsidated virion. In addition to analysis of vertical provirus integration, several studies have examined integration of the encapsidated form polydnavirus virion episomal DNAs in infected lepidopteran host cells, finding that some to all of the virus genome became integrated permanently into the secondary host cellular DNA, which appears also to occur in vivo. Analyses of proviral and encapsidated polydnavirus genomes suggest unique sequence features of polydnaviruses themselves. Both forms also have an association with a diversity of transposable elements. The intimacy in parasitism, unique replication and life strategies involving two hosts, novel structural features, and organization of polydnavirus integrated proviral and circular encapsidated forms, and even associations with transposable elements, suggest numerous opportunities for genetic exchange and sequence integration within the primary host parasitoid, polydnavirus, and secondary lepidopteran hosts. Cellular integration of proviral and encapsidated polydnaviral genomes may confer advantages to parasitoid as well as secondary insect host genomes, and may have played roles in their mutual evolution. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gundersen-Rindal, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Room 267,10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 011A BARC WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 113 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-384859-8 PY 2012 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-384858-1.00008-4 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Virology SC Parasitology; Virology GA BET74 UT WOS:000318069200010 ER PT J AU Zhan, ZY Wang, YD Shockey, J Chen, YC Zhou, ZC Yao, XH Ren, HD AF Zhan, ZhiYong Wang, YangDong Shockey, J. Chen, YiCun Zhou, ZhiChun Yao, XiaoHua Ren, HuaDong TI Breeding status of tung tree (Vernicia sp.) in China, a multipurpose oilseed crop with industrial uses SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Tung tree; Vernicia spp.; eleostearic acid; bio-energy; cross-breeding ID CURCAS L. GERMPLASM; JATROPHA-CURCAS; BIODIESEL; MONTANA; CLONING; FORDII; DGAT2; GENE; OIL AB As a developing country with the world's largest population, China faces a serious challenge in satisfying its continuously increasing energy demands. Tung trees (Vernicia sp., especially V. fordii and V. montana), are multipurpose, perennial plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. The unique chemical properties of tung seed oil make it one of the best known industrial drying oils. In this review, the breeding status of tung trees in China and some factors which limit the development of tung tree breeding will be summarised. Improvements in ecological performance and pathogen resistance, through to improved breeding methods, will help to rapidly expand the development and use of tung trees and their oil products in China. It is essential for tung tree breeding to advance in the future to keep pace with the increased demand. C1 [Zhan, ZhiYong; Wang, YangDong; Chen, YiCun; Zhou, ZhiChun; Yao, XiaoHua; Ren, HuaDong] Chinese Acad Foresty, Res Inst Subtrop Foresty, Fuyang 311400, Peoples R China. [Shockey, J.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Foresty, Res Inst Subtrop Foresty, Fuyang 311400, Peoples R China. EM zhanzhiyong862007@hotmail.com; wyd11111@126.com OI Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457 FU Special Fund for Forestry-scientific Research in the Public Interest [200904042] FX This work was supported financially by Special Fund for Forestry-scientific Research in the Public Interest (200904042). NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU J D SAUERLAENDERS VERLAG PI BAD ORB PA BERLINER STRASSE 46, 63619 BAD ORB, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 6 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 138SS UT WOS:000318530900006 ER PT S AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Guo, L Tomasula, PM AF Tunick, Michael H. Van Hekken, Diane L. Guo, Ling Tomasula, Peggy M. BE Tunick, MH DeMejia, EG TI Chemistry of Queso Fresco SO HISPANIC FOODS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Flavor of Hispanic Foods CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ACS, Div Agr & Food Chem Inc ID PASTEURIZED MILK; MOZZARELLA CHEESE; RHEOLOGY; CHIHUAHUA; RAW; MICROSTRUCTURE; CHEDDAR AB Queso Fresco (QF), the most popular Hispanic cheese in the U.S. and Mexico, was fully characterized in a series of studies intended to improve quality traits. QF is a non-melting variety made with rennet and without starter culture, and the curd is commonly finely milled to ensure a crumbly texture. In northern Mexico, QF is traditionally made from raw milk and has more moisture and less NaCl than QF made in the U.S. from pasteurized milk. Although QF normally contains up to 3% NaCl, lowering the NaCl content to 1.5% does not substantially alter its characteristics. During storage, activity of spoilage bacteria contributes to proteolysis, appearance of volatile compounds presumably generated from lipolysis, and decreases in lactose and pH levels, though the pH stays over 6.0. Texture, melt, and microstructure do not change appreciably over 8 wk of storage, the typical shelf life for QF in the U.S., though shear strain and color intensity do change under certain conditions. A full knowledge of the qualities of QF will enable cheesemakers to create a better product. C1 [Tunick, Michael H.; Van Hekken, Diane L.; Tomasula, Peggy M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Guo, Ling] NE Agr Univ, Key Lab Dairy Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov FU NEAU; Dairy Innovational Team Research Program Harbin, Heilongjiang, China [CXT007-4-3] FX The authors thank Ray Kwoczak for preparing the cheeses; Latasha Leggett, and Danielle Tilman for their assistance in cheese preparation; James Shieh for the compositional analyses; Brien Sullivan for the color, melt, and SDS-PAGE analyses; Guoping Bao and Doug Soroka for performing the SEM experiments; and John Phillips for the statistical analyses. We also thank Nana Y. Farkye, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA for his guidance on commercial manufacturing details of Queso Fresco. We also thank DMI, Inc. for partial support of this project, 1935-41000-091-01R. Partial support for this project was also provided by the NEAU, Dairy Innovational Team Research Program (No. CXT007-4-3) (Harbin, Heilongjiang, China). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2746-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1109 BP 11 EP + PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BEP67 UT WOS:000317635700002 ER PT S AU Puangpraphant, S Berhow, MA de Mejia, E AF Puangpraphant, Sirima Berhow, Mark A. de Mejia, Elvira BE Tunick, MH DeMejia, EG TI Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis St. Hilaire) Saponins Inhibit Human Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation SO HISPANIC FOODS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Flavor of Hispanic Foods CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ACS, Div Agr & Food Chem Inc ID BCL-2 FAMILY; P53 STATUS; IN-VITRO; APOPTOSIS; PROTEINS; GROWTH; GENE; QUANTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; CISPLATIN AB Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire tree is native to South America and its dried leaves are used to prepare a traditional beverage called Yerba Mate tea. The aim of this study was to assess the anticancer properties of yerba mate saponins in vitro models. HT-29 (p53 mutant) and RKO (wild type p53) cells were treated with mate saponins (1- 200 mu M). Mate saponins inhibited HT-29 (IC50 = 202 mu M) and RKO (IC50 = 181 mu M) cell proliferation. Mate saponins arrested HT-29 and RKO cells at G1 to S phase by significantly upregulating p21 and p27 proteins, and caused apoptosis through induction of Bax:Bcl-2 protein expression. Mate saponins induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer cells independent of p53 status. Yerba mate tea saponins inhibit human colon cancer cell proliferation. C1 [Puangpraphant, Sirima] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Food Technol, Payathai Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Berhow, Mark A.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, Peoria, IL 61601 USA. [de Mejia, Elvira] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Puangpraphant, S (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Food Technol, Payathai Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM edemejia@illinois.edu FU Las Marias Company FX Las Marias Company provided partial funds for this research and The Royal Thai Government a Scholarship to author SP. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2746-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1109 BP 307 EP + PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BEP67 UT WOS:000317635700018 ER PT B AU D'Amore, DV Fellman, JB Edwards, RT Hood, E Ping, CL AF D'Amore, David V. Fellman, Jason B. Edwards, Richard T. Hood, Eran Ping, Chien-Lu BE Lin, H TI Hydropedology of the North American Coastal Temperate Rainforest SO HYDROPEDOLOGY: SYNERGISTIC INTEGRATION OF SOIL SCIENCE AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; CARBON EXPORT; YELLOW-CEDAR; UPLAND PEAT; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; CHEMISTRY AB The North American perhumid coastal temperate rainforest (NCTR), which extends along the coastal margin of British Columbia to southeast Alaska, is characterized by intense orographic precipitation caused by Pacific storm systems striking coastal mountains. This precipitation regime influences the development of soil and vegetation communities, which in turn influence the transfer of terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (primarily in dissolved forms) and other nutrients to aquatic ecosystems. These terrestrial subsidies of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are increasingly being recognized as an ecological function important to freshwater and marine ecosystems. The concentration and quality of DOM exported from the NCTR soils vary according to soil types (e. g. wetland vs. upland soils) that have formed along a topographic gradient from flat organic soils to steep mineral soils. Hydropedology provides a template to evaluate the functions associated with water movement through soils along this gradient. Five key issues of hydropedology - structure, function, scale, integration, and disturbance - were used as a framework to present the information gathered through multiyear research at the Juneau hydrologic observatory in the NCTR. We demonstrated how hydropedology can be used to elucidate mechanisms that influence DOM production and export in the NCTR. This information provides a foundation for modeling terrestrial DOM production and export under varying environmental conditions. C1 [D'Amore, David V.; Edwards, Richard T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Fellman, Jason B.; Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ping, Chien-Lu] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP D'Amore, DV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddamore@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386987-6; 978-0-12-386941-8 PY 2012 BP 351 EP 380 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386941-8.00011-3 PG 30 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BEL84 UT WOS:000317275000013 ER PT J AU Doolittle, J Zhu, Q Zhang, J Guo, L Lin, H AF Doolittle, James Zhu, Qing Zhang, Jun Guo, Li Lin, Henry BE Lin, H TI Geophysical Investigations of Soil-Landscape Architecture and Its Impacts on Subsurface Flow SO HYDROPEDOLOGY: SYNERGISTIC INTEGRATION OF SOIL SCIENCE AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION SURVEYS; WATER-CONTENT; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; SPATIAL VARIATION; FRACTURES; DEPTH; ZONE; GPR AB Landscape-soil-hydrology relationships vary across landscapes and are often exceedingly complex. Characterizing these complex relationships at different spatial-temporal scales and their impacts on subsurface flow and transport is a major challenge in hydropedology. Soil-landscape relationships have been traditionally inferred from point-based pedologic observations. These observations are then often extrapolated to the landscape, but seldom measured or directly confirmed across the landscape. Data gaps thus exist at the intermediate scales of hillslopes and catchments in terms of actual subsurface soils distribution and their features (termed soil-landscape architecture here), which will affect the upscaling of point-based monitoring data or the downscaling of remote-sensing data. This chapter illustrates two commonly-used geophysical tools ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) - in revealing complex soil-landscape architecture and its impacts on subsurface flow. We investigated two contrasting landscapes - one cropland and one forestland - that are typical of the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Region in eastern United States. Repeated or time-lapsed GPR and EMI were emphasized to provide a better understanding of subsurface architecture and its effects on subsurface flow through soil moisture change over the time scales of seasons or precipitation/infiltration events. Our results showed that 1) relative difference in soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) across the landscapes remained relatively stable over time, which corresponded to stable soil-landform units; 2) changes in ECa over seasons within the same landscape indicated (to some degree) active zones of subsurface flow, which corresponded with simulated water flow paths and observed soil morphology; 3) south- vs. north-facing hillslopes and linear vs. concave slopes showed differences in EMI and GPR responses, which reflected the underlying differences in soil architecture; 4) depth to bedrock was highly variable across the two landscapes, but predictable patterns in the forestland were revealed through extensive GPR surveys; and 5) subsurface preferential flow pathways and patterns were identified through time-lapsed GPR investigations, which showed significant differences between shallow and deep soils. This study demonstrates the potential of geophysical tools in easing the technological bottleneck of subsurface investigation and closing data gaps at the intermediate scales. C1 [Doolittle, James] USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Zhu, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jun; Guo, Li; Lin, Henry] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM henrylin@psu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386987-6 PY 2012 BP 413 EP 447 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386941-8.00013-7 PG 35 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BEL84 UT WOS:000317275000015 ER PT B AU Thompson, JA Roecker, S Grunwald, S Owens, PR AF Thompson, J. A. Roecker, S. Grunwald, S. Owens, P. R. BE Lin, H TI Digital Soil Mapping: Interactions with and Applications for Hydropedology SO HYDROPEDOLOGY: SYNERGISTIC INTEGRATION OF SOIL SCIENCE AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW PATHWAYS; CARBON STORAGE PREDICTION; LAND-SURFACE PARAMETERS; JACKSON-FRAZIER WETLAND; MAPPED REFERENCE AREA; SPATIAL PREDICTION; TERRAIN ATTRIBUTES; ELEVATION MODEL; DRAINAGE CLASS; ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATION AB Spatial information on soils, particularly hydrologic and hydromorphic soil properties, is used to understand and assess soil water retention, flooding potential, erosion hazard, and depth to seasonal high water table. These properties influence soil use and management interpretations for construction, waste disposal, plant production, and water management. Observed soil characteristics (soil horizons and soil properties) serve as both evidence of past processes and an indicator of present processes. As such, hydrologic and hydropedologic factors are useful for understanding and predicting soil variability. Conversely, spatial information on soils can be a critical input to hydrologic and hydropedologic models. Digital soil mapping (DSM) has evolved from traditional soil survey to take advantage of advances in computing and geographic data handling, as well as increased availability of environmental covariate data from digital elevation models and remotely sensed imagery. Digital elevation models can be used to enhance the input to hydrologic and hydropedologic models and extrapolate outputs from these models. C1 [Thompson, J. A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Roecker, S.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Victorville MLRA Soil Survey Off, Victorville, CA 92392 USA. [Grunwald, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Owens, P. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Thompson, JA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM james.thompson@mail.wvu.edu OI Roecker, Stephen/0000-0002-5376-9097 NR 195 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-386987-6; 978-0-12-386941-8 PY 2012 BP 665 EP 709 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386941-8.00021-6 PG 45 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BEL84 UT WOS:000317275000023 ER PT S AU Patton-Mallory, M AF Patton-Mallory, Marcia BE Taylor, C Lomneth, R WoodBlack, F TI Sustainability of Bioenergy from Forestry SO PERSPECTIVES ON BIOFUELS: POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND POSSIBLE PITFALLS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Perspectives on Biofuels: Potential Benefits and Possible Pitfalls / 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc AB Modern forestry practices in the U.S. have developed around a set of sustainability concepts, practices and principles that can help inform the broader discussion around bioenergy. New concepts such as greenhouse gas emission profile are being included in proposed sustainability criteria for broader bioenergy feedstock production. C1 US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Patton-Mallory, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mpattonmallory@fs.fed.us NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2882-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1116 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BEO27 UT WOS:000317549900006 ER PT B AU Lloyd, W Pallickara, S David, O Lyon, J Arabi, M Rojas, K AF Lloyd, Wes Pallickara, Shrideep David, Olaf Lyon, Jim Arabi, Mazdak Rojas, Ken GP IEEE TI Performance Modeling to Support Multi-Tier Application Deployment to Infrastructure-as-a-Service Clouds SO 2012 IEEE/ACM FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UTILITY AND CLOUD COMPUTING (UCC 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC) CY NOV 05-08, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, ACM, IEEE Comp Soc DE Cloud Computing; Infrastructure-as-a-Service; Performance Modeling; Provisioning Variation; Virtualization ID MANAGEMENT; ISSUES AB Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) clouds support migration of multi-tier applications through virtualization of diverse application stack(s) of components which may require various operating systems and environments. To maximize performance of applications deployed to IaaS clouds while minimizing deployment costs, it is necessary to create virtual machine images to host application components with consideration for component dependencies that may affect load balancing of physical resources of VM hosts including CPU time, disk and network bandwidth. This paper presents results of an investigation utilizing physical machine (PM) and virtual machine (VM) resource utilization statistics to build performance models to predict application performance and rank performance of application component deployment configurations deployed across VMs. Our objective was to predict which component compositions provide best performance while requiring the fewest number of VMs. Eighteen individual resource utilization statistics were investigated for use as independent variables to predict service execution time using four different modeling approaches. Overall CPU time was the strongest predictor of execution time. The strength of individual predictors varied with respect to the resource utilization profiles of the applications. CPU statistics including idle time and number of context switches were good predictors when the test application was more disk I/O bound, while disk I/O statistics were better predictors when the application was more CPU bound. All performance models built were effective at determining the best performing service composition deployments validating the utility of our approach. C1 [Lloyd, Wes; Pallickara, Shrideep; David, Olaf] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lloyd, Wes; David, Olaf; Lyon, Jim; Arabi, Mazdak] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rojas, Ken] USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lloyd, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wes.lloyd@colostate.edu; shrideep.pallickara@colostate.edu; olaf.david@colostate.edu; jim.lyon@colostate.edu; mazdak.arabi@colostate.edu; Ken.Rojas@ftc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-4862-3; 978-1-4673-4432-6 PY 2012 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1109/UCC.2012.20 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEM63 UT WOS:000317385100009 ER PT J AU de Betue, CTI Verbruggen, SCAT Schierbeek, H Chacko, SK Bogers, AJJC van Goudoever, JB Joosten, KFM AF de Betue, Carlijn T. I. Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T. Schierbeek, Henk Chacko, Shaji K. Bogers, Ad J. J. C. van Goudoever, Johannes B. Joosten, Koen F. M. TI Does a reduced glucose intake prevent hyperglycemia in children early after cardiac surgery? a randomized controlled crossover study SO CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID CRITICALLY-ILL CHILDREN; CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; INSULIN THERAPY; INFUSION; METABOLISM AB Introduction: Hyperglycemia in children after cardiac surgery can be treated with intensive insulin therapy, but hypoglycemia is a potential serious side effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of reducing glucose intake below standard intakes to prevent hyperglycemia, on blood glucose concentrations, glucose kinetics and protein catabolism in children after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Subjects received a 4-hour low glucose (LG; 2.5 mg/kg per minute) and a 4-hour standard glucose (SG; 5.0 mg/kg per minute) infusion in a randomized blinded crossover setting. Simultaneously, an 8-hour stable isotope tracer protocol was conducted to determine glucose and leucine kinetics. Data are presented as mean +/- SD or median (IQR); comparison was made by paired samples t test. Results: Eleven subjects (age 5.1 (20.2) months) were studied 9.5 +/- 1.9 hours post-cardiac surgery. Blood glucose concentrations were lower during LG than SG (LG 7.3 +/- 0.7 vs. SG 9.3 +/- 1.8 mmol/L; P < 0.01), although the glycemic target (4.0-6.0 mmol/L) was not achieved. No hypoglycemic events occurred. Endogenous glucose production was higher during LG than SG (LG 2.9 +/- 0.8 vs. SG 1.5 +/- 1.1 mg/kg per minute; P = 0.02), due to increased glycogenolysis (LG 1.0 +/- 0.6 vs. SG 0.0 +/- 1.0 mg/kg per minute; P < 0.05). Leucine balance, indicating protein balance, was negative but not affected by glucose intake (LG -54.8 +/- 14.6 vs. SG -58.8 +/- 16.7 mu mol/kg per hour; P = 0.57). Conclusions: Currently recommended glucose intakes aggravated hyperglycemia in children early after cardiac surgery with CPB. Reduced glucose intake decreased blood glucose concentrations without causing hypoglycemia or affecting protein catabolism, but increased glycogenolysis. C1 [de Betue, Carlijn T. I.] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat Surg, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Verbruggen, Sascha C. A. T.; Joosten, Koen F. M.] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Schierbeek, Henk; van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Emma Childrens Hosp, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chacko, Shaji K.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bogers, Ad J. J. C.] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Goudoever, Johannes B.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Joosten, KFM (reprint author), Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat, Dr Molewaterpl 60, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM k.joosten@erasmusmc.nl FU Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sophia Children's Hospital Research Fund (SSWO) FX Our gratitude goes out to the patients and their parents for participation in the study. We thank the anesthetists of the Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, for their support in the pre-operative setting and for helping to obtain informed consent. We thank Marianne Maliepaard, Gardi Minderman-Voortman, and Kristien Dorst for their contributions, Ko Hagoort for careful editing, and Dick Tibboel for careful review of the manuscript. We are grateful to the nursing and medical staffs of the Intensive Care of Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital for their assistance and support in executing the experimental protocol. The study was financially supported by the Sophia Children's Hospital Research Fund (SSWO). SSWO was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or submitting decisions. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1466-609X J9 CRIT CARE JI Crit. Care PY 2012 VL 16 IS 5 AR R176 DI 10.1186/cc11658 PG 12 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124WT UT WOS:000317499900013 PM 23031354 ER PT S AU Chang, SC Condon, B Nguyen, TM Graves, E Smith, J AF Chang, SeChin Condon, Brian Thach-Mien Nguyen Graves, Elena Smith, Jade BE Morgan, AB Wilkie, CA Nelson, GL TI Antiflammable Properties of Capable Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Containing Triazine Derivatives on Cotton SO FIRE AND POLYMERS VI: NEW ADVANCES IN FLAME RETARDANT CHEMISTRY AND SCIENCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Fire and Polymers Symposium CY MAR 25-29, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ACS, Div Polym Mat Sci & Engn ID FLAME-RETARDANT; THERMAL STABILITIES; CELLULOSE; TEXTILES AB Herein we present the synthesis and application of triazine derivatives as flame retardants on cotton. Novel phosphorus nitrogen-containing compounds (TPN1, TPN2, TPN3 and TPN4) were prepared by organic reactions of cyanuric chloride and phosphonates. They were characterized by analytical tools such as proton (H-1) and carbon (C-13) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis (EA). Cotton twill fabrics were soaked in 10-20% aqueous sodium hydroxide and then treated with TPN1-TPN4 in various organic solvent mixtures. The compounds were grafted onto the fabric by traditional pad, dry, cure methods to produce semi-durable flame resistance. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provided degradation and char content information on all materials by measuring the change in mass as a function of rising temperature. Treated fabrics were evaluated for flame resistance by such methods as vertical flammability test (ASTM D6413-08), 45 degrees angle flammability test (ASTM D1230-01) and limiting oxygen index (LOI, ASTM D2863-09). C1 [Chang, SeChin; Condon, Brian; Thach-Mien Nguyen; Graves, Elena; Smith, Jade] ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, SC (reprint author), ARS, SRRC, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sechin.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2780-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1118 BP 123 EP 137 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BEC72 UT WOS:000316088700009 ER PT J AU Booth, SL AF Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K: food composition and dietary intakes SO FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vitamin K; phylloquinone; menaquinones; food composition; dietary intake ID PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; WOMEN; MENAQUINONE-4; CONVERSION; ADULTS; OILS; MEN; FATS; UK AB Vitamin K is present in the diet in the forms of phylloquinone and menaquinones. Phylloquinone, which is the major dietary source, is concentrated in leafy plants and is the vitamin K form best characterized in terms of food composition and dietary intakes. In contrast, menaquinones are the product of bacterial production or conversion from dietary phylloquinone. Food composition databases are limited for menaquinones and their presence in foods varies by region. Dietary intakes of all forms of vitamin K vary widely among age groups and population subgroups. Similarly, the utilization of vitamin K from different forms and food sources appear to vary, although our understanding of vitamin K is still rudimentary in light of new developments regarding the menaquinones. C1 [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [DK069341] FX Based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, and National Institutes of Health DK069341. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1654-6628 J9 FOOD NUTR RES JI Food Nutr. Res. PY 2012 VL 56 SU S AR 5505 DI 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5505 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119ZL UT WOS:000317138700010 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Ruggio, DM Exler, J Patterson, KY AF Phillips, Katherine M. Ruggio, David M. Exler, Jacob Patterson, Kristine Y. TI Sterol composition of shellfish species commonly consumed in the United States SO FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phytosterols; salmon; crustaceans; poriferasterol; 22,23-dihydrostigmasterol; 22-dihydrobrassicasterol; desmosterol; dihydrocholesterol; 7-dehydrocholesterol; occelasterol ID NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; NATIONAL FOOD; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; MARINE; CHOLESTEROL; PHYTOSTEROLS; VIRGINICA; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION AB Background: Shellfish can be a component of a healthy diet due to a low fat and high protein content, but the cholesterol content of some species is often cited as a reason to limit their consumption. Data on levels of non-cholesterol sterols in commonly consumed species are lacking. Objective: Shellfish were sampled and analyzed to update sterol data in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Design: Using a nationwide sampling plan, raw shrimp and sea scallops, canned clams, and steamed oysters, blue crab, and lobster were sampled from 12 statistically selected supermarkets across the United States in 2007-08. For each species, four composites were analyzed, each comprised of samples from three locations; shrimp and scallops from six single locations were also analyzed separately. Using validated analytical methodology, 14 sterols were determined in total lipid extracts after saponification and derivatization to trimethylsilyethers, using gas chromatography for quantitation and mass spectrometry for confirmation of components. Results: Crab, lobster, and shrimp contained significant cholesterol (96.2-27 mg/100 g); scallops and clams had the lowest concentrations (23.4-30.1 mg/100 g). Variability in cholesterol among single-location samples of shrimp was low. The major sterols in the mollusks were brassicasterol (12.6-45.6 mg/100 g) and 24-methylenecholesterol (16.7-41.9 mg/100 g), with the highest concentrations in oysters. Total non-cholesterol sterols were 46.5-75.6 mg/100 g in five single-location scallops samples, but 107 mg/100 g in the sixth, with cholesterol also higher in that sample. Other prominent non-cholesterol sterols in mollusks were 22-dehydrocholesterol, isofucosterol, clionasterol, campesterol, and 24-norcholesta-5,22-diene-3 beta-ol (4-21 mg/100 g). Conclusions: The presence of a wide range of sterols, including isomeric forms, in shellfish makes the analysis and quantitation of sterols in marine species more complex than in animal and plant tissues. The detailed sterol composition reported herein provides data that may be useful in research on the impact of shellfish consumption on dietary risk factors. C1 [Phillips, Katherine M.; Ruggio, David M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Exler, Jacob; Patterson, Kristine Y.] ARS, USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Mail Code 0308,304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu FU National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program of the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory FX This work was supported as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program of the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory by a cooperative agreement between the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Virginia Tech. The detailed work of Amy Rasor and Nancy Conley on coordination of sample preparation, of Susan Beck in assisting with lipid extraction, and of Mehdi Ahsraf-Khorassani in GC-MS analyses is acknowledged. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1654-6628 J9 FOOD NUTR RES JI Food Nutr. Res. PY 2012 VL 56 AR 18931 DI 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.18931 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 119WM UT WOS:000317130000001 ER PT S AU Schmoldt, DL AF Schmoldt, Daniel L. GP IEEE TI Biosensing Typologies for Agricultural Robotics SO 2012 IEEE SENSORS PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 28-31, 2012 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Sensirion, Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Nanotechnol & Micro Syst Assoc (NMA), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tsing Hua Univ, Natl Sci Council, Bur Foreign Trade, Ind Technol Res Inst (ITRI), Dept Informat & Tourism, Meet Taiwan, Clean Energy Technol (Ce Tech), Phison Elect Corp (PHISON), Everlight, Tong Hsing Elect Ind, Ltd, Natl Ctr High-Performance Comp (NCHC), Natl Appl Res Labs, Minist Foreign Affairs, Natl Program Nano Technol (NPNT) AB Science and engineering R&D for agricultural robotics, including biosensing systems, is largely conducted on an application-specific basis. Much of that work is driven by stakeholder needs, which may be supported by private or public sector funding entities. While the resulting outcomes are useful, they often have limited applicability due to their "one off" nature. The typological and SWOT analyses reported here take a more application-agnostic view of biosensing for agricultural robotics to identify new R&D directions. Several typological dimensions are used; but these are not necessarily unique. From these classes, science and engineering needs are identified that offer a more generic perspective of the R&D required. By directing research on broader classes of problems, it is possible to advance agriculture robotics more quickly and deliberately than R&D focused on single-application problem solving. A cleaner separation between research and development can then occur, where only the latter includes application specifics. C1 Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Schmoldt, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM dschmoldt@nifa.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4577-1766-6 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2012 BP 1541 EP 1544 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BDY72 UT WOS:000315671100370 ER PT J AU Wang, XP AF Wang, Xiping GP IEEE TI Advanced Sorting Technologies for Optimal Wood Products and Woody Biomass Utilization SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOBASE MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (BMSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Biobase Material Science and Engineering CY OCT 21-23, 2012 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, NE Forestry Univ, Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Seoul Natl Univ, Miyazaki Prefectural Wood Utilizat Res Ctr, Chinese Acad Forestry, Chinese Soc Forestry, Chinese Soc Biomass Mat Sci, Int Acad Wood Sci (IAWS), IEEE Harbin Sect, IUFRO 5.01.00 Wood Qual, IUFRO 5.02.00 Physiomechan Properties Wood & Wood-Based Mat, IUFRO 5.06.00 Properties & Utilizat Plantat Wood DE Acoustic technology; biomass; logs; wood quality; sorting; trees ID ACOUSTICS; QUALITY; LOGS; ELASTICITY; STIFFNESS; MODULUS; TREES AB Forest materials represent great potential for advancing our goals in the 21st century for sustainable building, energy independence, and carbon sequestration. A critical component of an improved system for producing bioproducts and bioenergy from forest materials is the ability to sort trees, stems, and logs into end-product categories that represent their highest potential values. Nondestructive testing and evaluation technologies have been explored by scientists, engineers, and managers around the world for their ability to assess wood and fiber properties of individual trees, stems, and logs. Strong relationships were found exist between various acoustic measurements on trees/logs and fundamental wood properties such as microfibril angle, density, and various physical and mechanical properties. Commercial field-ready tools are now available that are capable of sorting this biomass based upon fundamental properties that determine product potential. The research results can be applied at a number of stages in the operational value chain, from timberland through to the processing site. This paper introduces an array of acoustic tools for forest operations and demonstrates their ability to sort forest materials into categories that are suitable for their optimal uses, such as high value structural products, advanced composites, pulp and paper, and biofuels. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM xwang@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2383-3 PY 2012 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BEH20 UT WOS:000316561100038 ER PT J AU Qing, Y Wu, YQ Cai, ZY Sabo, R AF Qing, Yan Wu, Yiqiang Cai, Zhiyong Sabo, Ronald GP IEEE TI Effect of Freeze Dry on the Properties of Cellulose Nanofibrils/Phenol Formaldehyde Nanocomposites SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOBASE MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (BMSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Biobase Material Science and Engineering CY OCT 21-23, 2012 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, NE Forestry Univ, Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Seoul Natl Univ, Miyazaki Prefectural Wood Utilizat Res Ctr, Chinese Acad Forestry, Chinese Soc Forestry, Chinese Soc Biomass Mat Sci, Int Acad Wood Sci (IAWS), IEEE Harbin Sect, IUFRO 5.01.00 Wood Qual, IUFRO 5.02.00 Physiomechan Properties Wood & Wood-Based Mat, IUFRO 5.06.00 Properties & Utilizat Plantat Wood DE cellulose nanofibrils (CNF); phenol formaldeyde (PF); nanocomposites; freeze dry; mechanical strength ID MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE; FIBRILS; FILMS AB In order to decrease the process time and obtain wrinkle-free CNF and CNF-PF composite films, freeze dry were employed in this work to remove the excessive water in wet films. The nanocompsoites were prepared by hot pressing the freeze-dried films. The morphology, main physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. Results show both CNF and CNF-PF composite films exhibit uncontinuous spots, which are considered as voids contributed to low-temperature dry. The films are flexible and strong, though addition of PF has little effect on the increase of mechanical strength. Compared with mechanical strength of films prepared by oven dry, the freeze dry leads to relative decrease of strength. However, when considering the time consumption, freeze dry is an effective way to prepare CNF and its based nanocomposite. C1 [Qing, Yan; Wu, Yiqiang] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Qing, Yan; Cai, Zhiyong; Sabo, Ronald] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, NJ USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM wuyiqiang@csuft.edu.cn; zcai@fs.fed.us FU national " 948" project of China [2009- 4- 51]; Central Special Research Project of State- Owned Public Welfare Forests of China [201104004] FX This work was finically supported by the national " 948" project of China ( 2009- 4- 51) and partly finically supported by Central Special Research Project of State- Owned Public Welfare Forests of China ( 201104004). The authors would like to thank Dr. Rick Reiner of the Forest Products Laboratory for preparing and supplying cellulose nanofibrils. And the authors would like to acknowledge Benjanmin Treml in the University of Wisconsin Madison for the help with tensile testing. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2383-3 PY 2012 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BEH20 UT WOS:000316561100044 ER PT J AU Gao, S Wang, XP Brashaw, BK Ross, RJ Wang, LH AF Gao, Shan Wang, Xiping Brashaw, Brian K. Ross, Robert J. Wang, Lihai GP IEEE TI Rapid Assessment of Wood Density of Standing Trees with Nondestructive Methods - A Review SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOBASE MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (BMSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Biobase Material Science and Engineering CY OCT 21-23, 2012 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, NE Forestry Univ, Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Seoul Natl Univ, Miyazaki Prefectural Wood Utilizat Res Ctr, Chinese Acad Forestry, Chinese Soc Forestry, Chinese Soc Biomass Mat Sci, Int Acad Wood Sci (IAWS), IEEE Harbin Sect, IUFRO 5.01.00 Wood Qual, IUFRO 5.02.00 Physiomechan Properties Wood & Wood-Based Mat, IUFRO 5.06.00 Properties & Utilizat Plantat Wood DE Resistograph; Pilodyn Wood Tester; Torsiometer; nail withdrawal; trees; wood density ID DRILL RESISTANCE; PILODYN; PINE; SELECTION; GRAVITY AB Assessment of the quality of standing timber has become a crucial issue in the operational value chain as forestry and the wood processing industry are increasingly under economic pressure to maximize extracted value. A significant effort has been devoted toward developing robust nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies capable of predicting the intrinsic wood properties of individual trees, stems, and logs, and assessing the value of stands and forests. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research results in the use of increment coring, needle penetration, nail withdrawal, and micro-drilling to determine wood density of standing trees. C1 [Gao, Shan; Wang, Lihai] Northeast Forestry Univ, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Brashaw, Brian K.] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), Northeast Forestry Univ, Harbin, Peoples R China. EM gaoshan_2000@126.com; xwang@fs.fed.us; bbrashaw@nrri.umn.edu; rjross@fs.fed.us; lihaiwang@yahoo.com FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitie [DL12BB31]; USDA Forest Products Laboratory; Natural Resources Research Institute; University of Minnesota Duluth; USA and Northeast Forestry University, China FX This project was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities ( Grant No. DL12BB31) and conducted under the cooperative research agreement among the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, USA and Northeast Forestry University, China. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2383-3 PY 2012 BP 262 EP 267 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BEH20 UT WOS:000316561100055 ER PT B AU Haag, WR DiStefano, RJ Fennessy, S Marshall, BD AF Haag, Wendell R. DiStefano, Robert J. Fennessy, Siobhan Marshall, Brett D. BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Invertebrates and Plants SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; CRAYFISH ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA SHELLS; ANODONTA-GRANDIS-SIMPSONIANA; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; STREAM-DWELLING CRAYFISH; FORK-HOLSTON RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA C1 [Haag, Wendell R.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [DiStefano, Robert J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Fennessy, Siobhan] Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Marshall, Brett D.] River Continuum Concepts, Manhattan, MT 59741 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 366 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 453 EP 519 PG 67 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600010 ER PT B AU Thurow, RF Dolloff, CA Marsden, JE AF Thurow, Russell F. Dolloff, C. Andrew Marsden, J. Ellen BE Zale, AV Parrish, DL Sutton, TM TI Visual Observation of Fishes and Aquatic Habitat SO FISHERIES TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; BULL TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; REDD COUNTS; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SPAWNING SALMON; UNDERWATER OBSERVATION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS C1 [Thurow, Russell F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Dolloff, C. Andrew] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn,Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Marsden, J. Ellen] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Thurow, RF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 East Front St Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 126 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-29-5 PY 2012 BP 781 EP 817 PG 37 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDW94 UT WOS:000315471600017 ER PT J AU Blatner, KA Keegan, CE Daniels, JM Morgan, TA AF Blatner, Keith A. Keegan, Charles E., III Daniels, Jean M. Morgan, Todd A. TI Trends in Lumber Processing in the Western United States. part III: Residue Recovered versus Lumber Produced SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID VOLUME AB This article presents changes in proportions of wood fiber residue or by-products generated in lumber production in the western United States over the last 40 years. The results show the proportion of logs remaining as residue has dropped from 59 percent in the 1970s to 51 percent in the 2000s. Technology and its improved application have led to decreased proportions of wood fiber residue in lumber production even as log size has decreased. West wide the proportion of the log converted to both sawdust and planer shavings has decreased substantially over the last 40 years with no change in the proportion recovered in coarse residue. Coarse residue was 31 percent of log volume processed in the 1970s and 2000s. Sawdust generated was 15 percent of log volume in the 1970s and 11 percent in the 2000s, with planer shavings moving from 13 to 9 percent. C1 [Blatner, Keith A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Keegan, Charles E., III; Morgan, Todd A.] Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Daniels, Jean M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Blatner, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM blatner@wsu.edu; Charles.Keegan@business.umt.edu; jdaniels@fs.fed.us; Todd.Morgan@business.umt.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 6 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 102HR UT WOS:000315836200003 ER PT J AU Mun, SP Cai, ZY Watanabe, F Agarwal, UP Zhang, JL AF Mun, Sung Phil Cai, Zhiyong Watanabe, Fumiya Agarwal, Umesh P. Zhang, Jilei TI Thermal Conversion of Pine Wood Char to Carbon Nanomaterials in the Presence of Iron Nanoparticles SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; GRAPHITIC CARBON; NANOTUBES; PYROLYSIS; FE; NI; NANOCAPSULES; PARTICLES; FERROCENE; CO AB Southern yellow pine (Pinus taeda) wood char powder was thermally treated at 1,000 degrees C in the presence of a 25-nm-size Fe nanoparticle catalyst. The thermally treated carbon materials were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Well-aligned graphitic carbon structures with 15 to 17 layers on average were observed. These graphitic carbon structures were similar to those of graphite with an average interplanar distance of 0.34 nm. The Raman spectra results showed that the full-width half-maximum values of Raman G and D bands, and the peak intensity ratio, I-D ''/I-G, of thermally treated pine char after an acid purification treatment were 69 cm(-1), 126 cm(-1), and 0.16, respectively. C1 [Mun, Sung Phil] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Technol, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea. [Cai, Zhiyong; Agarwal, Umesh P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Watanabe, Fumiya] Univ Arkansas, Instrumentat Nanotechnol Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Zhang, Jilei] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM msp@chonbuk.ac.kr; zcai@fs.fed.us; fxwatanabe@ualr.edu; uagarwal@fs.fed.us; jzhang@cfr.msstate.edu FU USDA Forest Service [11JV1111112409711121332] FX This work is supported by the USDA Forest Service through grant 11JV1111112409711121332 (J. Zhang). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 6 BP 462 EP 466 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 102HR UT WOS:000315836200008 ER PT J AU Weseloh, DVC Cuthbert, FJ King, DT AF Weseloh, D. V. Chip Cuthbert, Francesca J. King, D. Tommy TI Introduction: Double-crested Cormorants of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River Basin: Recent Studies, Movements and Responses to Management Actions SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Double-crested Cormorant; Great Lakes; Symposium ID REGION AB This paper introduces the second Special Publication of the Waterbird Society to address the biology and management of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritius) in North America. Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the species was at very low population levels, the Double-crested Cormorant has rebounded to its greatest population level in over 100 years. Such a significant increase has resulted in changes in community structure, and new stressors, in many aquatic ecosystems. Both Special Publications (1995 and 2013) have been focused on the biology and management of the species. The first volume dealt mainly with population growth and the resulting, immediate management issues. In the current volume, studies address the longer term situation, the implementation of two U.S. depredation orders and new research directions identified in the first Special Publication and in subsequent smaller cormorant symposia. Seventeen papers which comprise this volume are presented under six headings: introduction, impacts to natural resources, population dynamics, evaluation of control efforts, assessing fish consumption and bioenergetics, migration ecology and local and seasonal movements, and summary overview and future information needs. A second Special Publication on Double-crested Cormorants gives us an opportunity to assess how well cormorant biologists have addressed and answered questions we posed to ourselves 15 years earlier; it also provides us with a vision for the next 18 years. Received 10 October 2011, accepted 1 April 2012. C1 [Weseloh, D. V. Chip] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Cuthbert, Francesca J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [King, D. Tommy] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Weseloh, DVC (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM chip.weseloh@ec.gc.ca NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800001 ER PT J AU DeVault, TL Chipman, RB Barras, SC Taylor, JD Cranker, CP Cranker, EM Farquhar, JF AF DeVault, Travis L. Chipman, Richard B. Barras, Scott C. Taylor, Jimmy D. Cranker, Carl P., III Cranker, Elizabeth M. Farquhar, James F. TI Reducing Impacts of Double-crested Cormorants to Natural Resources in Central New York: A Review of a Collaborative Research, Management, and Monitoring Program SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Review DE Double-crested Cormorant; harassment; management; monitoring; New York; non-lethal management; Oneida Lake; wildlife management ID POPULATION-SIZE; YELLOW PERCH; LAKE-ONTARIO; ONEIDA LAKE; DYNAMICS; WALLEYE AB Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) have used central New York waters for breeding and stopover habitats during migration since 1984. In response to public concern over Oneida Lake, the United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation initiated an integrated research, management and monitoring program aimed at mitigating cormorant impacts to fisheries and other natural resources in 1998. The history of this program was reviewed and efforts to reduce negative impacts of the Double-crested Cormorant population in central New York described. Management was successful, as demonstrated by a substantial decrease in cormorant use of Oneida Lake during spring, summer and fall seasons, and the apparent recovery of certain sportfish populations. Research identified cormorant movement patterns within and among water bodies and documented cormorant responses to hazing and other management techniques. The cormorant management program in central New York was intended to keep cormorant use of Oneida Lake at a level that prevents unsustainable impacts to fisheries populations. Received 14 September 2007, accepted 8 December 2008. C1 [DeVault, Travis L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Chipman, Richard B.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Rabies Management Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Barras, Scott C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Moseley, VA 23120 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy D.] Oregon State Univ, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cranker, Carl P., III; Cranker, Elizabeth M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Brewerton, NY 13029 USA. [Farquhar, James F.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. RP DeVault, TL (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Travis.L.DeVault@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800007 ER PT J AU Farquhar, JF Mazzocchi, IM McCullough, RD Chipman, RB DeVault, TL AF Farquhar, James F. Mazzocchi, Irene M. McCullough, Russell D. Chipman, Richard B. DeVault, Travis L. TI Mitigation of Double-crested Cormorant Impacts on Lake Ontario: From Planning and Practice to Product Delivery SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Double-crested Cormorant; Lake Ontario; management; Micropterus dolomieu; monitoring; New York; Phalacrocorax auritus; Smallmouth Bass; wildlife damage ID PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS AB The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation initiated a Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) control program in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario to mitigate cormorant impacts in 1999. Key objectives included improving the quality of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and other fisheries, restoring the structure and function of the warmwater fish community and reducing cormorant impacts to nesting habitats of other colonial waterbird species. In eight years of intensive control, cormorant numbers declined, with a corresponding reduction in estimated fish consumption. Diversity and numbers of co-occurring waterbirds either increased or have not been shown to be negatively impacted by management. Woody vegetation favorable to Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) has been maintained. A ca. 2.5-fold increase in the abundance of Smallmouth Bass abundance in assessment nets over the last seven years is a sign of improved recruitment to the fishery. Since the target population level of 4,500 to 6,000 cormorants has essentially been achieved, the eastern Lake Ontario cormorant program is expected to shift in 2007 from a population reduction focus towards a less intensive program intended to prevent population resurgence. Received 5 September 2007, accepted 20 December 2009. C1 [Farquhar, James F.; Mazzocchi, Irene M.; McCullough, Russell D.] NYS Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. [Chipman, Richard B.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. [DeVault, Travis L.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Brewerton, NY 13029 USA. RP Farquhar, JF (reprint author), NYS Dept Environm Conservat, 317 Washington St, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. EM jffarquh@gw.dec.state.ny.us NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 56 EP 65 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800008 ER PT J AU Dorr, BS Taylor, JD Werner, SJ King, DT Farquhar, JF Mazzocchi, IM Mccullough, RD AF Dorr, Brian S. Taylor, Jimmy D., II Werner, Scott J. King, D. Tommy Farquhar, James F. Mazzocchi, Irene M. Mccullough, Russell D. TI Summer and Migrational Movements of Satellite-Marked Double-crested Cormorants from a Breeding Colony Managed by Egg-Oiling in Lake Ontario, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE cormorant; home-range; Phalacrocorax auritus; population control; recreational fisheries; reproductive control; satellite telemetry ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; AUTOCORRELATION; TELEMETRY; ACCURACY; PATTERNS AB A two-year satellite telemetry study was initiated in May 2000 at a Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) breeding colony on Little Galloo Island (LGI) in eastern Lake Ontario, New York, USA, which is managed by egg-oiling. The objective was to describe cormorant (N = 26/year) movements, specifically during the period of reproductive management by egg-oiling and seasonally (breeding, migration and wintering). Egg-oiling at two-week intervals resulted in a hatch success on LGI of 5.7% for 2000 and 2001, combined. The majority (97%) of core use areas of marked cormorants contained LGI throughout three egg-oiling treatments (six weeks), and 71% still contained LGI by the end of the final (fourth) treatment (eight weeks). Of cormorants that moved during or after control activities, three remained in the vicinity of active breeding colonies for over three months. Cormorants initiated fall migration over a 16-week period ranging from 12 July to 29 October, with a mean departure date of 6 September (N = 24, SE = 8 days) over both years. Mean duration of fall migration was 34 days (N = 19, SE = 7 days, range = 108 days). Most (75%) cormorants captured at LGI migrated east of the Appalachian Mountains, and their winter range extended from southeastern Louisiana, along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, to the southern portion of the Atlantic coast. Although three (13%) cormorants over both years relocated to other active colonies for long enough periods (over three months) to potentially raise young, this study indicates that control efforts did not result in complete abandonment of LGI. Egg-oiling was successful in reducing recruitment within breeding seasons, and within-breeding-season renesting attempts by cormorants in this study were limited and likely unsuccessful. Further evaluation and refinement of egg-oiling as a management tool will require multiyear monitoring of the LGI cormorant breeding colony. Received 9 September 2007, accepted 11 October 2009. C1 [Dorr, Brian S.; Taylor, Jimmy D., II; Werner, Scott J.; King, D. Tommy] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Farquhar, James F.; Mazzocchi, Irene M.; Mccullough, Russell D.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. RP Dorr, BS (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM brian.s.dorr@aphis.usda.gov OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 FU USDA's National Wildlife Research Center; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (Cooperative Service) [00-7407-0399] FX The study was funded through a cooperative research agreement between USDA's National Wildlife Research Center and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (Cooperative Service Agreement Number 00-7407-0399 [RA]). We appreciate the assistance of M. Carrara, R. Chipman, P. Fioranelli, J. Gansowski, B. Harrel, A. Schiavone and D. V. Weseloh with planning and fieldwork. D. Douglas assisted with spatial data management and analyses. We thank S. Barras, J. C. Jones, M. Tobin and D. V. Weseloh for comments on the manuscript. The research was conducted under the following permits: US Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol QA-742 and US Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, Federal Bird Banding Permit 20873. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 114 EP 123 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800014 ER PT J AU King, DT Strickland, BK Radomski, AA AF King, D. Tommy Strickland, Bronson K. Radomski, Andrew A. TI Winter and Summer Home Ranges and Core Use Areas of Double-crested Cormorants Captured near Aquaculture Facilities in the Southeastern United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; Double-crested Cormorant; home range; movements; Phalacrocorax auritus; platform transmitter; PTT; satellite telemetry; summer; winter ID DELTA REGION; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; YELLOW PERCH; ONEIDA LAKE; MISSISSIPPI; MOVEMENTS; SIZE; DEPREDATION; PATTERNS; WALLEYE AB Numbers of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) wintering in the southeastern United States have increased dramatically during the last 30 years concomitant with the rise of the aquaculture industry in this region. These cormorants commonly foraged at commercial aquaculture facilities and thereby came into conflict with farmers. Various interest groups are seeking ecologically sound strategies for minimizing the effects of burgeoning cormorant populations. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate winter and summer home ranges of cormorants captured in the southeastern U.S. and determine whether age class, body mass, density of aquaculture facilities and availability of roost sites influenced size of these home ranges. Mean +/- SE home range size and core use area of satellite transmitter-marked cormorants wintering in the southeastern U.S. from 1999 to 2001 were 17,490 +/- 1,986 km(2) (N = 37) and 1,550 +/- 265 km(2) (N = 37), respectively. Winter home range size was not affected by region, age class or body mass. Summer home range and core use area of marked cormorants was 30,547 +/- 6,197 km(2) (N = 6) and 3,124 +/- 1,019 km(2) (N = 6), respectively. Received 28 September 2007, accepted 1 November 2009. C1 [King, D. Tommy] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Strickland, Bronson K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Radomski, Andrew A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, HK Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 124 EP 131 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800015 ER PT J AU King, DT Strickland, BK Radomski, A AF King, D. Tommy Strickland, Bronson K. Radomski, Andrew TI Migration Patterns of Double-crested Cormorants Wintering in the Southeastern United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Double-crested Cormorant; migration timing; migration routes; movement patterns; Phalacrocorax auritus; Platform Transmitters; PTT; satellite telemetry ID DELTA REGION; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; MISSISSIPPI; MOVEMENTS; DEPREDATION AB Migration patterns of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) wintering in the southeastern U.S. are poorly understood. Movement data were analyzed from 28 cormorants captured in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi and equipped with satellite transmitters. Four (three immature, one adult) cormorants did not migrate and stayed in the southeastern U.S. throughout the year. During spring, cormorants captured in Alabama migrated east of the Mississippi River and primarily west of the Appalachian Mountains. Cormorants from Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi migrated north along the Mississippi River Valley, the Missouri River Valley and/or the Ohio River Valley. The earliest departure for spring migration was 26 March, whereas the latest departure was 12 May. Adult cormorants departed for spring migration earlier than immature cormorants. The average departure date for fall migration was 1 October. Mean duration of spring migration was twelve days, and cormorants traveled an average of 70 km per day. Received 16 September 2007, accepted 7 November 2009. C1 [King, D. Tommy] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Strickland, Bronson K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Radomski, Andrew] Agr Res Serv, USDA, HK Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800016 ER PT J AU Dorr, BS Somers, C AF Dorr, Brian S. Somers, Christopher TI The Direction of Research and Management of Double-crested Cormorants Heading into the 2000s: Symposium Overview and Future Information Needs SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE cormorant; home range; Phalacrocorax auritus; population control; reproductive control; satellite telemetry; wildlife conflicts ID PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD WEBS; POPULATIONS; BIOENERGETICS; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENTS; PREDATION; FISHERIES AB An overview is provided of a symposium on the direction of research and management of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) heading into the 2000s. The current symposium built on previous efforts and described a number of focus areas of informational need, including cormorant impacts on natural resources, demographics of cormorants, assessment of control efforts, assessment of fish consumption and bioenergetics, and cormorant spatial ecology and influences on movements. The cormorant symposium highlighted a shift in research focus relative to earlier symposia, from evaluating potential impacts on commercial and natural resources to evaluating management actions in attaining desired goals. In addition, the symposium addressed the pressing need to obtain baseline information on cormorant population demographics. The shift reflects a response to increasing management efforts and intensity in North America and the need to understand the effects and effectiveness of increased cormorant control at several spatial scales. The symposium furthered communication and the sharing of information on cormorant issues in North America. However, uncertainty regarding impacts to cormorants associated with policy changes and management actions and outcomes presents significant future challenges. Received 26 July 2012, accepted 26 August 2012. C1 [Dorr, Brian S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Somers, Christopher] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RP Dorr, BS (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM brian.s.dorr@aphis.usda.gov OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2012 VL 35 SI 1 BP 138 EP 148 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117TK UT WOS:000316975800017 ER PT J AU Anderson, MK Wohlgemuth, E AF Anderson, M. Kat Wohlgemuth, Eric BE Gepts, P Famula, TR Bettinger, RL Brush, SB Damania, AB McGuire, PE Qualset, CO TI California Indian Proto-Agriculture: Its Characterization and Legacy SO BIODIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURE: DOMESTICATION, EVOLUTION, AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHARCOAL; RECORD; PARK C1 [Anderson, M. Kat] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Plant Data Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wohlgemuth, Eric] Far Western Anthropol Res Grp Inc, Davis, CA USA. RP Anderson, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Plant Data Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-76459-9 PY 2012 BP 190 EP 224 PG 35 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BDZ06 UT WOS:000315690200011 ER PT J AU Vuong, HB Caccamise, DF Remmenga, M Creamer, R AF Vuong, Holly B. Caccamise, Donald F. Remmenga, Marta Creamer, Rebecca BE Paul, E TI Ecological Associations of West Nile Virus and Avian Hosts in an Arid Environment SO EMERGING AVIAN DISEASE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE avian community; desert; habitat; life history; seroprevalence; southern New Mexico; West Nile virus; WNV ID LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CALIFORNIA BIRDS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ANTIBODY PREVALENCE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; COMMUNITY; TRANSMISSION AB We evaluated disease associations of West Nile virus (WNV) with avian hosts in four key habitats of southern New Mexico (agriculture, desert, riparian, and urban). Our goal was to examine the role of avian life history traits in transmission of WNV and to evaluate possible mechanisms to explain differences in seroprevalence among avian communities. Seroprevalence was highest in Summer Tanagers (Piranga rubra, 39%) and American Robins (Turdus migratorius, 33%). Serosurveys of bird communities indicated differences among habitats, age, and resident status. Urban and agricultural habitats had higher seroprevalence than desert and riparian habitats. After-hatch-year birds had higher seroprevalence than hatch-year birds. Seroprevalence in permanent resident and local breeding species were higher than migrants and winter residents. Males had higher seroprevalence in 2004, while females were higher in 2005. Analyses among communities indicated negative relationships between seroprevalence and avian species diversity and richness. Desert and riparian habitats had higher diversity and lower seroprevalence compared to urban and agriculture. This study revealed associations between WNV and avian life history traits, providing insights into mechanisms of transmission in the arid Southwest. In addition, we found relationships between complexity of avian host communities (e.g., species diversity, species richness) and patterns in seroprevalence of WNV in avian host species. C1 [Vuong, Holly B.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Caccamise, Donald F.] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Remmenga, Marta] USDA, Natl Surveillance Unit, APHIS, VS,CEAH, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Creamer, Rebecca] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Vuong, HB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, 2980 S Espina,Knox Hall 132,POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM hvuong@eden.rutgers.edu; dcaccami@nmsu.edu; marta.d.remmenga@aphis.usda.gov; creamer@nmsu.edu NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95220-1 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 42 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDN69 UT WOS:000314056800002 ER PT B AU McLean, RG AF McLean, Robert G. BE Paul, E TI EMERGING AVIAN DISEASE FOREWORD SO EMERGING AVIAN DISEASE SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; IN-HOUSE FINCHES; CONJUNCTIVITIS; INFECTION; EMERGENCE; DYNAMICS; BIRDS C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, WS, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP McLean, RG (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, WS, APHIS, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM robert.g.mclean@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 978-0-520-95220-1 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 2012 IS 42 BP XI EP XIII PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BDN69 UT WOS:000314056800001 ER PT J AU Adams, JP Rousseau, RJ Leininger, TD AF Adams, J. P. Rousseau, R. J. Leininger, T. D. TI Genetic Control of Growth Traits and Inheritance of Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Scorch in American Sycamore SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE sycamore; selection; genetic gain; disease resistance; bacterial leaf scorch ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; POPLAR; ENERGY; PLANTATIONS; SELECTION; PATHOGEN; CULTURE; HEIGHT; CROPS; GAIN AB Open-pollinated progeny tests of American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), which included 55 open-pollinated families selected from several prior Westvaco progeny tests and seed orchards and six control-pollinated families were established in 2002 and 2003. The half-sibling families were planted at two sites in western Kentucky and southeastern Missouri. The six full-sibling families, generated from selections based on exhibition of parental disease resistance and susceptibility to a variety of diseases, were also planted near Stoneville, MS at the US Forest Service Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research. All full-sibling families planted at the Stoneville site were inoculated in the fall 2002 with the leaf-scorch-causing bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa. Diameter and height data for trees of both half- and full-sibling families were recorded at ages three, five, seven, and nine at the various sites. Bacterial leaf scorch disease presence was also recorded as symptomatic or asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic. Average family heritability across ages was 0.58, 0.50, and 0.55 for height, diameter, and volume, respectively, indicating that increased growth traits can be gained from family selection. In conjunction with derived age-age correlations, selection based on age-five data results in the greatest gain per unit time for age nine gains for half-sibling families. Breeding for bacterial leaf scorch resistance can also be successfully undertaken if proper selection and breeding of two resistant parents are undertaken which can result in a 4.5 fold decrease in the probability in symptoms of offspring by age nine. Results indicate a large potential for increased growth and disease resistance in American sycamore through traditional breeding. C1 [Adams, J. P.] Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR USA. [Rousseau, R. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Leininger, T. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Adams, JP (reprint author), POB 3468, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM adamsj@uamont.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 4-5 BP 198 EP 206 PG 9 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 105RU UT WOS:000316090900009 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH AF Gobster, Paul H. BE Jorgensen, A Keenan, R TI Appreciating urban wildscapes Towards a natural history of unnatural places SO URBAN WILDSCAPES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn Chicago, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn Chicago, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13666-283-6 PY 2012 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA BDW11 UT WOS:000315265100004 ER PT S AU Wilson, AD AF Wilson, Alphus Dan BE Baskan, GA Ozdamli, F Kanbul, S Ozcan, D TI Advanced methods for teaching electronic-nose technologies to diagnosticians and clinical laboratory technicians SO 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES (WCES-2012) SE Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Educational Sciences (WCES) CY FEB 02-05, 2012 CL Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN SP Acad World Educ & Res Ctr, Near E Univ, Bahcesehir Univ, Ankara Univ, Hacettepe Univ, Cyprus Educ Sci Assoc HO Univ Barcelona DE Analytical instrument operation; Clinical technicians; E-nose methods; Teaching research methods; Science education ID MINUTE PRECEPTOR; EDUCATION; IMPROVE; STRATEGIES; CHEMISTRY; TEACHERS; SENSORS; ODORS; MODEL AB Electronic-detection technologies and instruments increasingly are being utilized in the biomedical field to perform a wide variety of clinical operations and laboratory analyses to facilitate the delivery of health care to patients. The introduction of improved electronic instruments for diagnosing diseases and for administering treatments has required new training of laboratory technicians in order that they may perform routine clinical operations, point-of-care testing, and laboratory analyses using these new diagnostic tools. Continuous education and competency of clinical laboratory technicians in the proper use of these new healthcare tools, such as electronic-nose (e-nose) devices, is required to obtain accurate and timely information needed for making patient management decisions and for developing better and more efficient treatments for patients than are possible with conventional methods. E-nose devices are ideal instruments for the rapid detection and diagnosis of disease via detection of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are effective bioindicators of disease found within human breath, fluid and tissue samples sent to clinical laboratories for analysis. The proper training of technicians in the effective use of e-nose instruments for healthcare applications requires thorough understanding of the theoretical workings of e-nose devices and practical knowledge of specialized methodologies. This paper provides a summary of some advanced e-nose methodologies and techniques necessary for training clinical laboratory technicians in the proper use and operation of e-nose devices. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu C1 [Wilson, Alphus Dan] USDA ARS, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM dwilson02@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0428 J9 PROCD SOC BEHV PY 2012 VL 46 BP 4544 EP 4554 DI 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.293 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BDQ57 UT WOS:000314465904137 ER PT J AU Guler, H Zhu, HP Ozkan, HE Ling, P AF Guler, Huseyin Zhu, Heping Ozkan, H. Erdal Ling, Peter TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDRAULIC NOZZLES FOR DROPLET SIZE AND SPRAY COVERAGE SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article DE atomization; application technology; deposit density; spray deposit; crop protection ID DEPOSITION; GLYPHOSATE; CANOPIES; DENSITY AB Spray coverage specifications for commercially available nozzles could help applicators determine the optimal nozzles for effective control of insects, diseases, and weeds. Spray coverage and deposit density from seven types of nozzles at three different flow rates (0.76, 1.14, and 2.27 L min(-1)) and two target positions (0.50 and 0.70 m below the nozzle) were evaluated with water-sensitive papers (WSP) as targets under controlled environmental conditions. These nozzles included 80 degrees and 110 degrees conventional flat-fan nozzles, air induction flat-fan nozzles with the air intake hole either opened or sealed, hollow-cone nozzles, turbo jet nozzles, and twin-jet fan pattern nozzles. Spray coverage (percent area of a WSP covered with spray depositions) increased as flow rate increased for all nozzles. The hollow-cone nozzles had the highest coverage at both target positions while air induction nozzles had the lowest coverage. With the same flow rate, the 80 degrees nozzles had higher spray coverage than 110 degrees nozzles. Nozzles producing coarse spray had the lower spray coverage than nozzles producing fine and medium sprays. The 80 degrees and 110 degrees flat-fan nozzles at lower-than-specified operating pressures produced spray as coarse as that from the air induction nozzles with similar coverage. There was no significant difference in spray coverage between the same air induction nozzles whether the two air intake holes were opened or sealed. Spray coverage on targets at the 0.50 m position was greater than that at the 0.70 m position. Therefore, careful selection of nozzles could provide comparable performance for economical and effective spray coverage with optimal flow rates and operating pressures. C1 [Guler, Huseyin] Ege Univ, Dept Agr Machinery, TR-35410 Izmir, Turkey. [Zhu, Heping] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ozkan, H. Erdal] Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ling, Peter] Ohio State Univ OARDC, FABE, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Zhu, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 BP 627 EP 645 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 093CT UT WOS:000315170000001 ER PT S AU Atungulu, GG Pan, Z AF Atungulu, G. G. Pan, Z. BE Demirci, A Ngadi, MO TI Microbial decontamination of nuts and spices SO MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: NOVEL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE nuts and spices; food safety; decontamination; contamination pathways; microorganisms of concern; pathogens ID SALMONELLA-AGONA INFECTION; ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-30; HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; EAT SAVOURY SNACK; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; RAW ALMONDS; PISTACHIO NUTS; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS AB The social and economic impacts of outbreaks of foodborne illness and food recalls have become important food safety concerns. These outbreaks are usually due to the consumption of microbiologically contaminated foods, including nuts and spices. Regulatory and public health agencies, industry and research organizations have undertaken initiatives targeting the microbial safety of these food commodities. In order to ensure that these commodities are safe, the responsibility for implementing scientifically validated risk-reduction practices must be shared among all individuals involved in the farm-to-fork continuum. This chapter focuses on the aspects related to microorganisms of concern, routes of microbial contamination, risks of foodborne illness, and available decontamination technologies for nuts and spices. Emerging decontamination technologies, strategic issues for achieving microbiological safety, and research and development priorities related to nuts and spices are also discussed. C1 [Atungulu, G. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Z.] USDA ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ggatungulu@ucdavis.edu; zlpan@ucdavis.edu NR 158 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-575-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 234 BP 125 EP 162 D2 10.1533/9780857095756 PG 38 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BDP47 UT WOS:000314306900006 ER PT S AU Sommers, CH AF Sommers, C. H. BE Demirci, A Ngadi, MO TI Microbial decontamination of food by irradiation SO MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: NOVEL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE irradiation; radiation; ionizing; inactivation; decontamination; dosimetry ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; PALMITIC ACID; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; RADIOLYTIC PRODUCT; INDUCE MUTATIONS AB The radiation (ionizing) processing industry is large and encompasses commercial uses such as medical therapeutics, anticancer therapy and medical diagnostics as well as sterilization of pharmaceutical, medical devices, and medical supplies. It is used for everything from polymerization and processing of plastics and polymers, quality control of industrial components to detect cracks and other structural defects, to giving gemstones that 'special sparkle'. Food irradiation, one small part of a very large radiation processing industry, is the process of exposing food to a field of ionizing radiation to inhibit sprouting and delay the ripening of fruits and vegetables, destroy microorganisms, parasites, viruses, or insects that might be present in the food. This chapter reviews the principles of the irradiation process and its advantages, its modes of application, and the theories about its mechanisms of inactivation of various organisms. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety & Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Christopher.Sommers@ars.usda.gov NR 109 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-575-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2012 IS 234 BP 322 EP 343 D2 10.1533/9780857095756 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BDP47 UT WOS:000314306900012 ER PT S AU Walker, JP O'Neill, P Wu, X Gao, Y Monerris, A Panciera, R Jackson, T Gray, D Ryu, D AF Walker, J. P. O'Neill, P. Wu, X. Gao, Y. Monerris, A. Panciera, R. Jackson, T. Gray, D. Ryu, D. GP IEEE TI AN AIRBORNE SIMULATION OF THE SMAP DATA STREAM SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE soil moisture; microwave; geophysical retrievals; airborne data; SMAP; Australia AB Once launched in late 2014, NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission will use a combination of a four-channel L-band radiometer and a three-channel L-band radar to provide high resolution global mapping of soil moisture and landscape freeze/thaw state every 2-3 days. These measurements are valuable to improved understanding of the Earth's water, energy, and carbon cycles, and to many applications of societal benefit. In order for soil moisture and freeze/thaw to be retrieved accurately from SMAP microwave data, prelaunch activities are concentrating on developing improved geophysical retrieval algorithms for each of the SMAP baseline products using data from simulations, from existing satellite missions such as SMOS, and from field campaign data, such as the SMAPEx airborne study in Australia discussed in this paper. C1 [Walker, J. P.; Wu, X.; Gao, Y.; Monerris, A.] Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [O'Neill, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Panciera, R.] Univ Melbourne, Cooperat Res Ctr Spatial Informat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Jackson, T.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gray, D.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Ryu, D.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Infrastructure Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Walker, JP (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Jeff.Walker@monash.edu; Peggy.E.ONeill@nasa.gov RI Walker, Jeffrey/D-2624-2009; Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008; OI Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209; Monerris, Alessandra/0000-0002-9186-6867 FU Australian Research Council project [DP0984586]; [LE0453434]; [LE0882509]; [DP0343778]; [DP0557543] FX This project has been funded by the Australian Research Council project DP0984586. Infrastructure support was provided by LE0453434 and LE0882509. The original setup and maintenance of the study catchment was funded by research grants DP0343778 and DP0557543. The authors acknowledge the contributions of many participants involved in the collection of field data and the contributions made by their host organizations and funding bodies. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351537 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189400002 ER PT S AU Boryan, C Yang, ZW Di, LP AF Boryan, Claire Yang, Zhengwei Di, Liping GP IEEE TI DERIVING 2011 CULTIVATED LAND COVER DATA SETS USING USDA NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE HISTORIC CROPLAND DATA LAYERS SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE cultivated data layer; CDL; land cover; crop mask; multi-year cultivated data layer ID CLASSIFICATION AB This paper describes the method used to derive 30 meter resolution 2011 US cultivated data sets based on multi-year National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) data. This paper presents different sets of rules (models) to build the cultivated data sets, and a comparison of the resulting cultivated data set accuracies to the accuracies of the original CDL input data. Nine models to create 2011 cultivated data sets for nine US states are tested. Each model provides a set of rules for merging pixels of multi-year (2007-2011) CDL data. The cultivated data accuracy was assessed against in situ 2011 Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) data. It was found that accuracies were close among the cultivated data generated using the different models. The strongest models for all states achieved overall (producer and user) accuracies greater than 94% for cultivated and non cultivated categories. C1 [Boryan, Claire; Yang, Zhengwei] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Boryan, C (reprint author), Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 6297 EP 6300 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6352699 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189406072 ER PT S AU Schull, M Anderson, M Houborg, R Kustas, W AF Schull, Mitchell Anderson, Martha Houborg, Rasmus Kustas, William GP IEEE TI ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NOMINAL LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY AND LEAF CHLOROPHYLL SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA DE Light use efficiency; chlorophyll; reflective shortwave; data fusion; energy fluxes; carbon flux ID CANOPY; CARBON; MODEL AB A light-use-efficiency (LUE)-based model of canopy resistance has been embedded into a thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model to facilitate coupled simulations of transpiration and carbon assimilation. The model assumes that deviations of the observed canopy LUE from a nominal stand-level value (LUEn - typically indexed by vegetation class) are due to varying conditions of light, humidity, CO2 concentration and leaf temperature. The deviations are accommodated by adjusting an effective LUE that responds to the varying conditions. We investigate the feasibility of leaf chlorophyll (Cab) to capture these variations in LUEn using remotely sensed data. To retrieve Cab from remotely sensed data we use REGFLEC, a physically based tool that translates at-sensor radiances in the green, red and NIR spectral regions from multiple satellite sensors into realistic maps of LAI and Cab. Initial results show that using Cab to estimate LUE allows for improved flux estimates over a soybean field in Iowa. The improved results indicate the necessity of a varying LUE during times of stresses induced by the environment. The results also indicate that using remotely sensed Cab to estimate LUE will allow for more accurate estimates of fluxes over space and time. C1 [Schull, Mitchell; Anderson, Martha; Kustas, William] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Schull, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM rasmus.houborg@jrc.ec.europa.eu OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4673-1159-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2012 BP 7306 EP 7308 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351974 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BDG99 UT WOS:000313189407064 ER PT J AU Boetel, MA Majumdar, A Jaronski, ST Horsley, RD AF Boetel, Mark A. Majumdar, Ayanava Jaronski, Stefan T. Horsley, Richard D. TI Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tetanops myopaeformis; entomopathogenic fungus; insect pathogen; microbial insecticide; soil moisture; integrated control ID FUNGI BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ROOT MAGGOT DIPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; NOMURAEA-RILEYI; SOLAR-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; RHIZOSPHERE; GROWTH; FIELD AB The sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder), is a major North American pest of sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L. Previous research suggests that moderate T. myopaeformis control is possible with the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. We conducted a three-year (2002-2004) experiment to assess impacts of oat, Avena sativa L. and rye, Secale cereale L., cover crops on persistence of corn grit-based granular or spray formulations of M. anisopliae isolate ATCC 62176 (i.e. MA 1200) applied at 8 x 10(12) viable conidia/ha in sugarbeet. More colony forming units (CFUs) were detected immediately after application [0 days after treatment (DAT)] in spray plots than granule-treated plots. However, 76-92% declines in CFUs per gram of soil occurred in spray plots within 30 DAT. Substantially (i.e. 83-560%) more rainfall occurred in June 2002 than during June of any other year. Subsequently, 71-670% increases in CFU concentrations occurred by 60 DAT in M. anisopliae granule-treated plots with oat or rye cover crops that year. CFU density increases were higher in cover crops in 2002, but no significant cover crop effects were detected. Conidia persisted for up to 30 DAT in M. anisopliae spray plots and 60 DAT in granule-treated plots in 2002; however, no increases occurred in the years with less June rainfall. Trends suggest that M. anisopliae aqueous sprays result in greater conidia concentrations than granules at sugarbeet plant bases in June during T. myopaeformis oviposition and larval establishment on host plants. Increases are possible when delivering conidia via granules, but high post-application rainfall could be necessary for conidia production. C1 [Boetel, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Majumdar, Ayanava] Alabama Cooperat Extens Syst, Auburn, AL USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. [Horsley, Richard D.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Boetel, MA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mark.boetel@ndsu.edu NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1284 EP 1304 DI 10.1080/09583157.2012.725127 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 093PU UT WOS:000315204600004 ER PT J AU Silversides, FG Purdy, PH Blackburn, HD AF Silversides, F. G. Purdy, P. H. Blackburn, H. D. TI Comparative costs of programmes to conserve chicken genetic variation based on maintaining living populations or storing cryopreserved material SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRIMORDIAL GERM-CELLS; AVIAN SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION; QUAIL COTURNIX-JAPONICA; TESTICULAR TISSUE; OVARIAN TISSUE; RESOURCES; TRANSPLANTATION; SPERM; PRESERVATION; CRYOPROTECTANTS AB 1. There have been substantial losses of chicken lines kept for research in recent years and the objective of this research was to critically review alternative methods of preserving genetic resources. 2. The costs of programmes using living populations, semen cryopreservation and reconstitution, and ovary and semen cryopreservation and reconstitution were evaluated over 20 years using biological parameters of cryopreservation and population reconstitution that were derived from the literature. 3. Keeping live populations was most cost effective for periods of up to three years, but keeping live populations is increasingly difficult to justify with longer periods and any research population that will not be used within five years should be cryoconserved and in situ maintenance discontinued. 4. The rapid reconstitution possible using ovaries and semen would allow the inclusion of cryopreserved material in a short-term research project with the cost of recovery included in the budget. The low cost of cryoconservation suggests that all avian material should be conserved and reconstituted when needed for research. C1 [Silversides, F. G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Purdy, P. H.; Blackburn, H. D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Silversides, FG (reprint author), Agassiz Res Ctr, POB 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. EM fred.silversides@hotmail.com NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 5 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1080/00071668.2012.727383 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 092UF UT WOS:000315147600007 PM 23281753 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Johnson, CA AF Henry, Thomas J. Johnson, Christine A. TI RANDALL TOBIUS SCHUH: A CELEBRATION OF HIS CAREER AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS ON THE OCCASION OF BIS 70TH BIRTHDAY SO ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA LA English DT Editorial Material ID HETEROPTERA MIRIDAE PHYLINAE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AFRICA; PLANT BUGS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA; PILOPHORINI HETEROPTERA; TAXONOMIC CONGRUENCE; SPECIMEN DATABASES; GENUS HETEROPTERA C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, USDA,Natl Museum Natl Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Johnson, Christine A.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, USDA,Natl Museum Natl Hist, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; cjohnson@amnh.org NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 1947-5136 EI 1947-5144 J9 ENTOMOL AM-NY JI Entomol. Am. PY 2012 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 2 EP 6 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078EJ UT WOS:000314080900001 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI RANDALLOPHORUS SCHUHI, A NEW NEOTROPICAL GENUS AND SPECIES OF PILOPHORINI (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: PHYLINAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Phylinae; Pilophorini; new genus and species; Paraguay; key AB The new pilophorine plant bug genus Randallophorus is described to accommodate the new species R. schuhi from Paraguay. Images of the holotype male and a paratype female, illustrations of male genitalia, and a key to the New World genera of Pilophorini (Miridae: Phylinae) are provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 1947-5136 J9 ENTOMOL AM-NY JI Entomol. Am. PY 2012 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078EJ UT WOS:000314080900024 ER PT S AU Blaker, KM Chaparro, JX Beckman, TG AF Blaker, K. M. Chaparro, J. X. Beckman, T. G. BE Litz, RE Folta, KM Talon, M Alfaro, FP TI Detection of Dormancy QTL in Peach SO XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GENOMICS AND GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Int Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC) / Int Symposium on Genomics and Genetic Transformation of Horticultural Crops CY AUG 22-27, 2010 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE Prunus persica; dormancy AB A segregating F-2 population derived from the cross 'Late Arkansas' x 'Flordaguard' was planted and evaluated for seed, vegetative and flower bud dormancy at Gainesville, FL. Microsatellite markers were used to genotype the entire F-2 population and QTL analysis was performed to identify QTL for seed, vegetative and flower bud chilling requirement. Two genomic regions controlling seed dormancy and three genomic regions affecting vegetative and flower bud dormancy were detected. C1 [Blaker, K. M.; Chaparro, J. X.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Beckman, T. G.] USDA, Southeast Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Blaker, KM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66050-48-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 929 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BDT51 UT WOS:000314786100013 ER PT S AU Ayala-Silva, T Schnell, RJ Meerow, AW Winterstein, M Gordon, G AF Ayala-Silva, T. Schnell, R. J. Meerow, A. W. Winterstein, M. Gordon, G. BE Leitao, JM TI 'Andrea' Tamarind SO XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC) / International Symposium on New Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding CY AUG 22-27, 2010 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE germplasm; cultivar; fruit; colorimeter; Brix ID INDICA L.; COLOR AB Tamarind, Tamarindus indica L., is a multipurpose tropical fruit tree used primarily for its fruits, which are eaten fresh or processed, used as a seasoning or spice, or are processed (along with the seeds) for non-food uses. The species has a wide geographical distribution in the subtropics and semiarid tropics and is cultivated in numerous regions. In this paper, we announce the release of a superior genotype of these species. Tamarindus indica 'Andrea' is a seedling selection from progeny grown from seed received in 1996 from Thailand. While the majority of the seedlings grown from this population produced inconsistent percent soluble sugars, this selection showed uniform high sugar content (brix) and yield. 'Andrea' is of smaller height than other known cultivars and it is fast-growing and has commercial potential as well as being useful as a landscape tree in USDA Hardiness Zones 9A-11 and similar geographical areas. C1 [Ayala-Silva, T.; Schnell, R. J.; Meerow, A. W.; Winterstein, M.; Gordon, G.] ARS, USDA, SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Ayala-Silva, T (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Tomas.Ayala-Silva@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66053-98-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 935 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BDT36 UT WOS:000314772100005 ER PT S AU Sakhanokho, HF Rajasekaran, K Tabanca, N Sampson, BJ Nyochembeng, LM Pounders, CT Wedge, DE Islam-Faridi, N Spiers, JM AF Sakhanokho, H. F. Rajasekaran, K. Tabanca, N. Sampson, B. J. Nyochembeng, L. M. Pounders, C. T. Wedge, D. E. Islam-Faridi, N. Spiers, J. M. BE Leitao, JM TI Induced Polyploidy and Mutagenesis of Embryogenic Cultures of Ornamental Ginger (Hedychium J. Koenig) SO XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC) / International Symposium on New Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding CY AUG 22-27, 2010 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE ornamental ginger; ethylmethanesulphonate; sodium azide; dwarf Hedychium; variegated Hedychium ID DELICIOUS APPLES; GROWTH; PACLOBUTRAZOL; ORYZALIN AB Hedychium J. Koenig is among the largest genera of Zingiberaceae. These plants are increasingly being used as ornamentals worldwide because of their diverse and showy, scented flowers. Hedychium plants are mainly planted in the landscape because they are generally too tall to be grown as potted plants. In 2004, a Hedychium breeding program was initiated at the USDA-ARS research station in Poplarville, Mississippi, where new and efficient tissue culture protocols were developed for micropropagation and other in vitro manipulations, including the induction of polyploidy and mutagenesis in selected cultivars and species. For example, polyploidy was successfully induced in several Hedychium hybrids and species, including H. bousigonianum, leading to the creation of dwarf forms of this species. Embryogenic calli from selected Hedychium species and hybrids were subjected to various concentrations of sodium azide (NaN3) and ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS) to induce mutations. H. muluense x 'White Starburst' calli treated with 20 mM NaN3 for 6 hours produced variegated plants. However, no variegation was obtained with EMS treatments. These in vitro assisted breeding techniques are accelerating the development of new and improved Hedychium cultivars. C1 [Sakhanokho, H. F.; Sampson, B. J.; Pounders, C. T.; Spiers, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Hwy 26 W,POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Rajasekaran, K.] USDA ARS, SRRc, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Tabanca, N.; Wedge, D. E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, NPURU, University, MS 3867 USA. [Nyochembeng, L. M.] Alabama A& M Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Islam-Faridi, N.] Texas A&M Univ, Southern Inst Forest Genet Soouth Res Stn, Dept Ecosystem Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sakhanokho, HF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Hwy 26 W,POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Hamidou.Sakhanokho@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66053-98-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 935 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BDT36 UT WOS:000314772100017 ER PT S AU Strik, B Bryla, D Larco, H Julian, J AF Strik, B. Bryla, D. Larco, H. Julian, J. BE Mourao, I Aksoy, U TI Organic Highbush Blueberry Production Systems Research - Management of Plant Nutrition, Irrigation Requirements, Weeds and Economic Sustainability SO XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ORGANIC HORTICULTURE: PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC) / International Symposium on Organic Horticulture - Productivity and Sustainability CY AUG 22-27, 2010 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Vaccinium corymbosum; weed mat; landscape fabric; weed control; raised beds; sawdust; mulch; cost of production; compost ID SOIL AB A 0.4 ha planting was established in October 2006 to evaluate the effects of cultivar ('Duke' and 'Liberty'), bed type ("flat ground" and raised beds), weed management (sawdust mulch and hand weed control; compost plus sawdust mulch with acetic acid, flaming, and hand control used as needed; and landscape fabric (weed mat)) and type and rate of fertilizer (feather meal and liquid fish emulsion at 29 and 57 kg.ha(-1) N) on plant growth, yield, fruit quality, and establishment and maintenance costs in highbush blueberry. The site was certified organic in 2008. Before planting, soil was a clay loam with 3.7% organic matter content and pH 4.9. Plants grown on raised beds were larger and produced greater yield than those on flat ground. However, raised beds, particularly with weed mat (which increased soil temperature by 5 degrees C), required up to 269 L/plant/season more irrigation than flat ground plantings to maintain similar levels of soil moisture. Weeds never exceeded 20-25% coverage in any treatment in 2007-2009, although weed mat resulted in the fewest weeds while compost plus sawdust resulted in the most. Although flaming was used in the spring along with acetic acid applied every 3 weeks during the summer in plots mulched with sawdust and compost, hand-weeding was still required in all treatments including those with weed mat. In 2009, the third growing season, yield averaged 1.7 kg/plant and was highest with 29 kg.ha(-1) N of fish emulsion or 57 kg.ha(-1) N of feather meal and lowest with 57 kg.ha(-1) N of fish emulsion. Yield was also higher with weed mat or sawdust plus compost than with only sawdust. Fruit firmness was likewise affected by fertilizer and mulch as fruits were firmer with fish and softer with weed mat. Cumulative net production costs (years 0-3) varied as much as 60% among treatments, ranging from -$ 32,690/ha to -$ 51,990/ha (net loss). C1 [Strik, B.; Larco, H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bryla, D.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis 97330, OR USA. [Larco, H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Julian, J.] NWREC, Aurora 97002, CO USA. RP Strik, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Oregon Blueberry Commission; Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; NIFA-OREI FX The authors appreciate research funding support provided by the Oregon Blueberry Commission, the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, and NIFA-OREI. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66051-39-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 933 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDT40 UT WOS:000314777600025 ER PT S AU Amaro, AL Fundo, JF Beaulieu, JC Stein, RE Fernandez-Trujillo, JP Almeida, DPF AF Amaro, A. L. Fundo, J. F. Beaulieu, J. C. Stein, R. E. Fernandez-Trujillo, J. P. Almeida, D. P. F. BE Cantwell, MI Almeida, DPF TI Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Effects upon Volatiles and Quality of Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe Melon SO XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL MARKET SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC) / International Symposium on Postharvest Technology in the Global Market CY AUG 22-27, 2010 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE aroma; Cucumis melo; phospholipase D; phospholipase C ID CASTOR BEAN-LEAVES; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; VASE LIFE; FRUIT; SENESCENCE; ETHYLENE; LIPOXYGENASE; HYDROLYSIS; AROMA; LEAF AB Wounding increases the hydrolysis of phospholipids mediated by phospholipase D (PLD) in plant tissues. Subsequent reactions may originate flavor-related aldehydes and alcohols. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a naturally occurring phospholipid capable of inhibiting phospholipase D in vitro. The effect of LPE on the quality and volatile profile of fresh-cut melon was investigated. Cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo L. 'Fiesta') were processed into cubes, vacuum-infiltrated with 200 mu g L-1 of LPE, packaged in plastic clamshells and stored at 5 degrees C for 9 days. The activities of phospholipase D (PLD) and C (PLC), respiration and ethylene production rates, color, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and volatile production were measured during storage at 5 degrees C for 9 days. LPE significantly reduced the activity of PLD and PLC one day after the treatment but the effect was transient. LPE did not affect ethylene production and had a negligible effect on the respiration rate of melon cubes. Firmness and SSC were not affected by the treatment but LPE induced a very small increase in hue angle. LPE did not affect the major classes of volatiles in melon esters and alcohols - but reduced the accumulation of aldehydes typical of wounding after the first day of storage. In conclusion, LPE did not help in the quality retention of fresh-cut melon but had a specific inhibitory effect on aldehyde production. C1 [Amaro, A. L.; Fundo, J. F.; Almeida, D. P. F.] Univ Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Super Biotecnol, CBQF, Rua Dr Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal. [Beaulieu, J. C.; Stein, R. E.] Southern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, United States Dept Agr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Fernandez-Trujillo, J. P.] Univ Politecn Catagena, Dept Ingenieria Alimentos Equipamiento Agr, Cartagena 30203, Spain. [Almeida, D. P. F.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencia, P-4150180 Oporto, Portugal. RP Amaro, AL (reprint author), Univ Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Super Biotecnol, CBQF, Rua Dr Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal. EM dalmeida@fc.up.pt RI Almeida, Domingos/F-1835-2010; Fernandez Trujillo, Juan Pablo/I-5859-2013; OI Almeida, Domingos/0000-0001-8429-8585; Fernandez Trujillo, Juan Pablo/0000-0002-5296-0308; Amaro, Ana/0000-0002-0857-8232; Fundo, Joana F./0000-0002-9208-7443; Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 FU Fundacao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/39143/2007, PTDC/AGRALI/66144/2006]; Consejeria de Educacicn de la Regicn de Murcia [BIO-AGR06/02-0011] FX This work was supported by Fundacao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) through a Ph.D. grant to A.L. Amaro ( SFRH/BD/39143/2007) and project PTDC/AGRALI/66144/2006. Thanks to M. J. Roca (SAIT-UPCT) and L. Llanos for technical assistance in aroma analysis supported by project BIO-AGR06/02-0011 ( Consejeria de Educacicn de la Regicn de Murcia). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66053-78-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 934 BP 959 EP 965 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDT39 UT WOS:000314776200128 ER PT S AU Loayza, FE Brecht, JK Plotto, A Baldwin, EA Bai, J AF Loayza, F. E. Brecht, J. K. Plotto, A. Baldwin, E. A. Bai, J. BE Cantwell, MI Almeida, DPF TI Evaluation of the Impact of Hot Water Treatment on the Sensory Quality of Fresh Tomatoes SO XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL MARKET SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC) / International Symposium on Postharvest Technology in the Global Market CY AUG 22-27, 2010 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Solanum lycopersicum; descriptive sensory analysis; aroma ID STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; FLAVOR; COMPONENTS; AROMA; DESCRIPTORS; TOLERANCE AB Minimizing the effects of chilling injury during shelf-life is important for maintaining the sensory quality of fresh tomato fruit. Postharvest hot water treatments within certain limits of exposure time and water temperature have been shown to increase the resistance of tomatoes to chilling injury. Mature-green 'Tasti-Lee' and 'Florida 47' tomatoes were submerged in water at 25 (control), 52, or 54 degrees C for 5.0, 5.0, or 2.5 min, respectively. The fruit were then exposed to 100 mu l L-1 ethylene for 2 days at 20 degrees C to synchronize ripening, and any fruit not exhibiting external red color after the ethylene treatment were discarded. Fruit were stored at 20 +/- 1 degrees C and 80% relative humidity until fully ripe (CIE a*>20). The color, firmness, sugars, organic acids, and volatile compounds were measured and sensory quality was evaluated by a trained panel with 18 descriptors on a 16-point scale. Sensory data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), generalized procrustes analysis (GPA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (ACH). PCA analysis showed that 'Tasti Lee' treated at 52 or 54 degrees C had the most flavor descriptors, including 'overall tomato', 'fruity/floral', 'vine/sharp' aroma and flavor, but also 'earthy/musty' and 'mealiness'. In contrast, 'Florida 47' treated at 25 (control) or 54 degrees C were high for 'firmness' and 'sourness' descriptors. 'Florida 47' treated at 52 degrees C and 'Tasti Lee' treated at 25 degrees C were in the middle of the first factor on the PCA plot, with 'Florida 47' having a high score for 'salty', and 'Tasti Lee' high score for 'green' aroma. C1 [Loayza, F. E.; Brecht, J. K.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Plotto, A.; Baldwin, E. A.; Bai, J.] USDA, ARS Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Loayza, FE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. FU National Research Initiative [2008-3550318666]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2008-3550318666 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66053-78-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 934 BP 1305 EP 1311 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDT39 UT WOS:000314776200177 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. TI Global Dietary Patterns and Diets in Childhood: Implications for Health Outcomes SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE Breastfeeding; Children; Developing countries; Diets; Health; Infants; Micronutrients ID ANIMAL-SOURCE FOODS; KENYAN SCHOOL-CHILDREN; LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES; PLASMA VITAMIN-B-12; NUTRIENT ADEQUACY; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; MILK; NUTRITION; QUALITY; GROWTH AB This article provides an overview of child feeding recommendations and how these relate to actual practice and dietary adequacy, primarily in developing countries. From birth to 6 months, recommendations focus on optimal breastfeeding practices, although these are still suboptimal in about one third of infants in developing countries. From 6 months of age, breast milk can no longer meet all the nutrient requirements of the child, so from 6 months through at least 24 months, the recommendation is to continue breastfeeding but gradually introduce complementary foods. In poorer populations, the available foods for complementary feeding are primarily cereals and legumes, to which small amounts of fruits and vegetables are added, and even less animal source foods. Based on intake data from infants and preschoolers, it is evident that usual diets typically fall far short of supplying micronutrient needs. By adding more fruits, vegetables, and animal source foods the diet can be improved. Intervention studies show that increasing animal source food intake improves growth, muscle mass, and cognitive function of school children. Milk and dairy product intakes are correlated with greater child growth in many studies, even in industrialized countries. However, for many families, substantially improving children's diets by providing higher quality foods is often financially unrealistic. Newer approaches to home fortification of children's foods using micronutrient powders or lipid-based nutrient supplements hold great potential to prevent micronutrient deficiencies at reasonable cost, thus preventing the adverse consequences of these deficiencies for child development. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Small Livestock CRSP (USAID) FX The author currently receives funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as an investigator in studies of the efficacy of LNS. In the past, she has been funded by the Small Livestock CRSP (USAID) to evaluate the effects of ASF on nutritional status. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 22 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2012 VL 61 SU 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1159/000346185 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 086QQ UT WOS:000314701700004 PM 23343945 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Goolsby, JA Everitt, JH Du, Q AF Yang, Chenghai Goolsby, John A. Everitt, James H. Du, Qian TI Applying six classifiers to airborne hyperspectral imagery for detecting giant reed SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE maximum likelihood; mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF); support vector machine (SVM); airborne hyperspectral imagery; giant reed ID AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; ARUNDO-DONAX; INFESTATIONS; CLASSIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; QUICKBIRD; RIVER AB This study evaluated and compared six image classifiers, including minimum distance (MD), Mahalanobis distance (MAHD), maximum likelihood (ML), spectral angle mapper (SAM), mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) and support vector machine (SVM), for detecting and mapping giant reed (Arundo donax L.), an invasive weed that presents a severe threat to agroecosystems throughout the southern US and northern Mexico. Airborne hyperspectral imagery was collected from a giant reed-infested site along the US-Mexican portion of the Rio Grande in 2009 and 2010. The imagery was transformed with minimum noise fraction (MFN) and the six classifiers were applied to the 30-band MNF imagery for each year. Accuracy assessment showed that SVM and ML generally performed better than the other four classifiers for overall classification and for distinguishing giant reed in both years. These results indicate that airborne hyperspectral imagery in conjunction with SVM and ML classification techniques is effective for detecting giant reed. C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Goolsby, John A.; Everitt, James H.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Du, Qian] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1080/10106049.2011.643321 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 085DY UT WOS:000314595000004 ER PT J AU Jones, GD Pucci, TM AF Jones, Gretchen D. Pucci, Thomas M. TI Pollen analysis of Agathirsia wasps SO GRANA LA English DT Article DE Scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy; Agathirsia; parasitic wasps; entomopalynology ID INSULARE HYMENOPTERA-ICHNEUMONIDAE; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PARASITOID WASPS; BOLL-WEEVILS; LEPIDOPTERA; AGATHIDINAE; BRACONIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; NOCTUIDAE; VESPIDAE AB Parasitic wasps are one of the most abundant natural enemies of insect pests and the most ecologically understudied. Agathirsia is a genus of solitary, parasitic wasps, restricted to arid regions of the south-western United States of America and Mexico. They often parasitise the larvae of lepidopteran (butterflies and moths) crop pests. Pollen analyses were conducted on 127 specimens of 19 Agathirsia species to determine possible food sources and plant taxa important to these beneficial insects. Pollen was examined with both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen was removed from the head more than any other insect part (96% of the time). In the LM analyses, nearly 1700 pollen grains were recorded and assigned to 117 pollen types, 49% of which were Asteraceae. For the SEM analyses, pollen was identified but not counted. Eighty-eight pollen types were identified, of which 48% were Asteraceae. Pollen from 36 families, 65 genera and nine species were identified. Asteraceae pollen was classified into more genera than any other plant family. Common taxa included Ambrosia, Artemisia and Baccharis. The large diversity and high number of Asteraceae indicates that these plants can help sustain Agathirsia populations near crop fields, and ultimately reduce the amount of applied pesticides and save farmers time and money. C1 [Jones, Gretchen D.] ARS, USDA, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77802 USA. [Pucci, Thomas M.] Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Jones, GD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, APMRU, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77802 USA. EM gretchen.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 EI 1651-2049 J9 GRANA JI Grana PY 2012 VL 51 IS 4 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1080/00173134.2012.689995 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 092SS UT WOS:000315143000006 ER PT J AU Sawhney, P Reynolds, M Allen, C Slopek, R Nam, S Condon, B AF Sawhney, Paul Reynolds, Michael Allen, Chuck Slopek, Ryan Nam, Sunghyun Condon, Brian TI Effect of Laundering Hydroentangled Cotton Nonwoven Fabrics SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article AB To study the effect of household machine laundering on hydroentangled cotton nonwoven developmental fabrics, several sets of such fabrics, uniformly made with cottons of different fiber quality characteristics, were sequentially laundered repeatedly for their performance evaluation after one washing and drying cycle (1 W), 5 W, 10 W, and 20 W, using a standard AATCC method for washing. The control greige fabrics (i.e., before any wash) and their respective versions after the 1 W, 5 W, 10 W and 20 W were examined for their physical and mechanical properties. The laundering results showed that the fabrics, even after 20 wash cycles, had held up unexpectedly well. Nonwovens generally are not considered wash-durable, and more than a third of nonwovens today are used in durable applications that necessarily do not require laundering since most nonwovens inherently are considered "disposable" after one end-use application. At any rate, all the researched fabrics, irrespective of their fiber quality origin, showed a significant drop in tensile strength, mainly after the first wash. The drop was more severe in the machine direction (MD) than in the cross direction (CD). C1 [Sawhney, Paul; Reynolds, Michael; Allen, Chuck; Slopek, Ryan; Nam, Sunghyun; Condon, Brian] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sawhney, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ap.singh@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture FX The authors would like to thank the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture for supporting the research presented here. The authors are also thankful to all the supporting personnel in the Cotton Chemistry and Utilization and the Cotton Structure & Quality Research Units for their significant cooperation in the work presented here. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 083JX UT WOS:000314460600014 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Vick, BA Baldwin, BS Buehring, N Astatkie, T Johnson, B AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Vick, Brady A. Baldwin, Brian S. Buehring, Normie Astatkie, Tess Johnson, Billy TI EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE, NITROGEN RATE, AND HYBRID ON SUNFLOWER SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fatty acid composition; oil content; oil yield; biodiesel ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; OILSEED CROPS; GREAT-PLAINS; SEED OIL; DEPTH; YIELD AB Sunflower is a potential crop for the southeastern United States for production of cooking oil or biodiesel. In 2007, we evaluated the effect of planting date (PD, 20 April, 20 May, and 20 June), nitrogen (N) application rate (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg ha(-1)), and hybrid ('DKF3875', 'DKF2990', 'DKF3510', and 'DKF3901') on sunflower productivity and oil profile in four Mississippi locations, Newton, Starkville, and two sites in Verona. There was a trend of increased oleic acid concentration with earlier planting dates, especially in hybrids with lower oleic acid concentration. Earlier planting dates of 'DKF3901' and 'DKF2990' (the hybrid with the lowest oleic acid) actually had 200 to 300 g kg(-1) higher concentration of oleic acid when grown in Mississippi vs. the original seed of the same hybrids used for planting and produced at a more northern latitude. This and a recent study in Mississippi suggest that modern hybrids could provide ample yields even when the N fertilization is relatively low. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Buehring, Normie] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS USA. [Vick, Brady A.] ARS, Sunflower Res Unit, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Baldwin, Brian S.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Dalhouse Univ, Fac Agr, Truro, NS, Canada. [Johnson, Billy] Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Newton, MS USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Sheridan Res & Extens Ctr, 663 Wyarno Rd, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. EM vjeliazk@uwyo.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU US Department of Energy for the Fedstock for Sustainable Energy Systems in Mississippi FX Authors acknowledge financial support by the US Department of Energy for the Fedstock for Sustainable Energy Systems in Mississippi. We thank Thomas Horgan, Scott Horton, Robert Dobbs, Davis Clark, and Mark Harrison for their help in the field and laboratory. Contribution of the Mississippi Agricultural and Foresty Experiment Station Journal article no. J-11521. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 14 BP 2198 EP 2210 DI 10.1080/01904167.2012.724138 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 092SL UT WOS:000315142200011 ER PT J AU Post, RC Maniscaleo, S Herrup, M Chang, S AF Post, Robert C. Maniscaleo, Shelley Herrup, Mary Chang, Sarah TI THE MYPLATE MESSAGE CHRONICLES What's New on MyPlate? A New Message, Redesigned Web Site, and SuperTracker Debut SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Post, Robert C.; Maniscaleo, Shelley; Herrup, Mary; Chang, Sarah] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Post, RC (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 112 IS 1 BP 18 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jand.2011.11.008 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 083CH UT WOS:000314439800002 PM 22709636 ER PT J AU Van Rompay, MI McKeown, NM Castaneda-Sceppa, C Falcon, LM Ordovas, JM Tucker, KL AF Van Rompay, Maria I. McKeown, Nicola M. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Falcon, Luis M. Ordovas, Jose M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Acculturation and Sociocultural Influences on Dietary Intake and Health Status among Puerto Rican Adults in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HISPANIC WHITE ELDERS; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; GLYCEMIC INDEX; LIFE-STYLE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; OLDER-ADULTS; GREATER ACCULTURATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB Background Previous studies have shown the negative consequences of acculturation on lifestyle factors, health status, and dietary intake of Hispanic immigrants in the United States. Despite prevalent type 2 diabetes and low socioeconomic status among Puerto Rican adults living on the US mainland, little is known about acculturation in this group. Objective We investigated associations among acculturation, lifestyle characteristics, health status, and carbohydrate nutrition in Puerto Rican adults. A secondary objective was to investigate possible confounding and/or effect modification on these associations by socioeconomic status. Design Cross-sectional data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, which included 1,219 Puerto Ricans in the Boston area, aged 45 to 75 years. Statistical analyses Characteristics were compared using analysis of covariance, linear trend, and Pearson's chi(2) tests across quartiles of acculturation. Tests for interaction by poverty status were conducted. Proportional contributions of foods to intake of total carbohydrate and fiber were assessed using SAS RANK (version 9.1.3, 2002-2003, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results Levels of acculturation were low, despite young age at first arrival to the US mainland (25.4 +/- 12.3 years) and long length of stay (34.2 +/- 12.2 years). Greater English language use was associated with higher socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, better perceived health, and less central obesity. Acculturation was associated with lower legume fiber and greater cereal fiber intake. Among those above the poverty threshold, acculturation was associated with lower dietary glycemic index and starch intake, and greater fruit and nonstarchy vegetable intake. Conclusions In contrast to studies with Mexican Americans, the association of acculturation with dietary quality in these Puerto Rican adults was mixed, but tended toward better carbohydrate quality. Dietary recommendations should include maintenance of traditional, healthful dietary practices, including consumption of legumes, but also reduction in refined grains, and greater inclusion of fruit, nonstarchy vegetables, and whole grains. Interventions to improve access to better quality carbohydrate sources are necessary for this group disproportionately affected by diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:64-74. C1 [Van Rompay, Maria I.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Van Rompay, Maria I.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McKeown, Nicola M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McKeown, Nicola M.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen; Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Falcon, Luis M.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, 316 Robinson Hall,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM KL.Tucker@neu.edu RI Van Rompay, Maria/G-9452-2012; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU National Institutes of Health [P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health P01 AG023394 and P50 HL105185, and by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service agreement number 58-1950-7-707. NR 87 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 112 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.049 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 083CH UT WOS:000314439800008 PM 22389874 ER PT J AU Hennessy, E Hughes, SO Goldberg, JP Hyatt, RR Economos, CD AF Hennessy, Erin Hughes, Sheryl O. Goldberg, Jeanne P. Hyatt, Raymond R. Economos, Christina D. TI Permissive Parental Feeding Behavior Is Associated with an Increase in Intake of Low-Nutrient-Dense Foods among American Children Living in Rural Communities SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; DIETARY-INTAKE; WEIGHT STATUS; US CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; QUESTIONNAIRE; CONSUMPTION; OBESITY; STYLE AB Parents play an important role in shaping children's eating habits. Few studies have evaluated the influence of both parenting style and parenting practices on child outcomes such as dietary intake. During spring 2007, 99 parent-child dyads from four rural US areas participated in this cross-sectional study. Child food intake was reported during two interviewer-administered, parent-assisted 24-hour recalls. Diet quality was defined as the average number of low-nutrient-dense (LND) foods consumed. Validated questionnaires were used to assess parental feeding practices and feeding style. Pearson correlations identified relationships among child food intake, parental feeding style typologies, and covariates. Regression analyses were used to predict child diet quality. Sixty percent of children and 76% of parents were overweight or obese. A permissive feeding style, which is highly responsive to a child's requests and sets few demands on him or her, was the most common (n=37) parental feeding style. This feeding style was associated with child intake of LND foods (r=0.3; P<0.001) and moderated the relationship between parental feeding practices and child intake of LND foods. In the presence of a permissive feeding style, higher levels of monitoring were associated with child intake of LND foods (beta=.69; P<0.05). Parental feeding style may alter the effectiveness of parental feeding practices on children's food intake. More research is needed to understand the parent child feeding relationship in the context of parental feeding styles and practices. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:142-148. C1 [Hennessy, Erin] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hennessy, Erin; Goldberg, Jeanne P.; Economos, Christina D.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hughes, Sheryl O.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hyatt, Raymond R.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Economos, Christina D.] Tufts Univ, John Hancock Res Ctr Phys Act Nutr & Obes Prevent, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hennessy, E (reprint author), NCI, NIH, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4087C, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hennessye@mail.nih.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Dissertation Research Award) [1R36DP001325-01]; New Balance Foundation; Save the Children, US Programs; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [59458] FX This research was supported by awards from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Dissertation Research Award, grant no. 1R36DP001325-01) and New Balance Foundation, with additional funding provided by Save the Children, US Programs, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (grant no. 59458). NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 112 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.030 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 083CH UT WOS:000314439800019 PM 22709645 ER PT J AU Robbins, RJ Amaral-Zettler, L Bik, H Blum, S Edwards, J Field, D Garrity, G Gilbert, JA Kottmann, R Krishtalka, L Lapp, H Lawrence, C Morrison, N Tuama, EO Parr, C Gil, IS Schindel, D Schriml, L Vieglas, D Wooley, J AF Robbins, Robert J. Amaral-Zettler, Linda Bik, Holly Blum, Stan Edwards, James Field, Dawn Garrity, George Gilbert, Jack A. Kottmann, Renzo Krishtalka, Leonard Lapp, Hilmar Lawrence, Carolyn Morrison, Norman Tuama, Eamonn O. Parr, Cynthia Gil, Inigo San Schindel, David Schriml, Lynn Vieglas, David Wooley, John TI RCN4GSC Workshop Report: Managing Data at the Interface of Biodiversity and (Meta)Genomics, March 2011 SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM INFORMATION AB Building on the planning efforts of the RCN4GSC project, a workshop was convened in San Diego to bring together experts from genomics and metagenomics, biodiversity, ecology, and bioinformatics with the charge to identify potential for positive interactions and progress, especially building on successes at establishing data standards by the GSC and by the biodiversity and ecological communities. Until recently, the contribution of microbial life to the biomass and biodiversity of the biosphere was largely overlooked (because it was resistant to systematic study). Now, emerging genomic and metagenomic tools are making investigation possible. Initial research findings suggest that major advances are in the offing. Although different research communities share some overlapping concepts and traditions, they differ significantly in sampling approaches, vocabularies and workflows. Likewise, their definitions of 'fitness for use' for data differ significantly, as this concept stems from the specific research questions of most importance in the different fields. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that there is much to be gained from greater coordination and integration. As a first step toward interoperability of the information systems used by the different communities, participants agreed to conduct a case study on two of the leading data standards from the two formerly disparate fields: (a) GSC's standard checklists for genomics and metagenomics and (b) TDWG's Darwin Core standard, used primarily in taxonomy and systematic biology. C1 [Robbins, Robert J.; Wooley, John] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bik, Holly] Univ New Hampshire, Hubbard Ctr Genome Studies, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Blum, Stan] Calif Acad Sci, Ctr Appl Biodivers Informat, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Edwards, James; Parr, Cynthia] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Field, Dawn] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Garrity, George] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kottmann, Renzo] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Microbial Genom Grp, Bremen, Germany. [Krishtalka, Leonard; Vieglas, David] Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Lapp, Hilmar] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr NESCent, Durham, NC USA. [Lawrence, Carolyn] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Lawrence, Carolyn] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Crop Genome Informat Lab 1034, Ames, IA USA. [Morrison, Norman] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Tuama, Eamonn O.] GBIF Secretariat, Global Biodivers Informat Facil, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gil, Inigo San] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, LTER Network Off, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Schindel, David] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Consortium Barcode Life, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Schriml, Lynn] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Robbins, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Parr, Cynthia/E-8013-2010; Garrity, George/F-7551-2013 OI Parr, Cynthia/0000-0002-8870-7099; Lapp, Hilmar/0000-0001-9107-0714; Bik, Holly/0000-0002-4356-3837; Schriml, Lynn/0000-0001-8910-9851; Garrity, George/0000-0002-4465-7034 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [RCN4GSC, DBI-0840989] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant RCN4GSC, DBI-0840989. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.4056/sigs.3156511 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 082QB UT WOS:000314405900015 PM 23451294 ER PT S AU Ryan, S Dwire, K AF Ryan, Sandra Dwire, Kathleen BE Stone, M Collins, A Thoms, M TI Wildfire impacts on stream sedimentation: re-visiting the Boulder Creek Burn in Little Granite Creek, Wyoming, USA SO WILDFIRE AND WATER QUALITY: PROCESSES, IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildfire and Water Quality: Processes, Impacts and Challenges CY JUN 11-14, 2012 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Comm Continental Eros, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Govt Alberta, Alberta Innovates Energy & Environ Solut, Univ Waterloo DE post-fire sediment yield; channel instability; instream large wood; Little Granite Creek; Wyoming; USA AB In this study of a burned watershed in northwestern Wyoming, USA, sedimentation impacts following a moderately-sized fire (Boulder Creek burn, 2000) were evaluated against sediment loads estimated for the period prior to burning. Early observations of suspended sediment yield showed substantially elevated loads (5x) the first year post-fire (2001), followed by less elevated loads in 2002 and 2003, signalling a return to baseline values by 3 years post-fire. However, more recent work (8 years post-fire) has shown elevated suspended sediment yields that are more than double those predicted for the pre-burn range of flows. We tentatively attribute this increase to channel destabilization in the burned area due to the introduction of large wood from burned riparian zones and hillslopes. These results provide insight into the longer-term geomorphic impacts of wildfire that are associated with channel and bank instability in a burned riparian environment due, in part, to large wood dynamics. C1 [Ryan, Sandra; Dwire, Kathleen] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ryan, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sryanburkett@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-32-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 354 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BDK58 UT WOS:000313596100010 ER PT S AU Drane, P Sherwood, J Colosimo, R Kretschmann, D AF Drane, Patrick Sherwood, James Colosimo, Renzo Kretschmann, David BE Drane, P Sherwood, J TI A study of wood baseball bat breakage SO ENGINEERING OF SPORT CONFERENCE 2012 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the International-Sports-Engineering-Association (ISEA) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA SP Int Sports Engn Assoc (ISEA) HO Univ Massachusetts Lowell DE Baseball bats; durability testing; slope of grain; density AB Over the span of three months in 2008, 2232 baseball bats broke while being used during Major League Baseball (MLB) games; of which 756 were classified as Multi Piece Failures (MPFs). This rate of failure motivated Major League Baseball to explore options for potential changes in the bat regulations to reduce the rate. After a study of the information that could be extracted from the 756 MPF bats, MLB implemented new bat regulations and inspection processes for both the wood billets and the final bats. Part of the study concluded that the maple bats used in 2008 were three times more likely than ash to exhibit an MPF failure phenomenon, and that high slopes of grain (SOG) of the wood were a major contributing factor to MPFs. One of the new regulations was to add a SOG indicator on the handle of each bat so that inspection would be able to easily identify the SOG of the bat both at the factory and on field. This paper will describe the test methods used, along with some results collected, in an effort to provide potential solutions to the bat breaking problem. Dynamic durability tests were performed on white ash and maple bats. Additionally, this paper presents results of a finite element model used to correlate the analytical and experimental results. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Drane, Patrick; Sherwood, James; Colosimo, Renzo] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell Baseball Res Ctr, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kretschmann, David] US Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Drane, P (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Lowell Baseball Res Ctr, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Patrick_Drane@uml.edu FU joint Health and Safety Advisory Committee of Major League Baseball; Major League Baseball Players Association FX The authors would like to acknowledge the joint Health and Safety Advisory Committee of Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association for the financial support for this project. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Carl Morris and TECO for their assistance as part of the technical team assigned to this project. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2012 VL 34 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.105 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Sport Sciences GA BDN55 UT WOS:000314046000105 ER PT S AU Bell, NC Owen, J Altland, J AF Bell, N. C. Owen, J. Altland, J. BE Groening, G TI Selection of Groundcovers for Low-Input Landscapes in Temperate Mediterranean Climates SO XXVIII INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS ON SCIENCE AND HORTICULTURE FOR PEOPLE (IHC2010): INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN ORNAMENTALS, LANDSCAPE AND URBAN HORTICULTURE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC) / International Symposium on Greenhouse and Soilless Cultivation / International Symposium on Advances in Ornamentals, Landscape and Urban Horticulture CY AUG 22-27, 2010 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE weed control; cold hardiness; Cistus; Ceanothus; Halimium; Arctostaphylos ID COLD-HARDINESS; WESTERN OREGON; GROWTH; GERMINATION; WATER; WEEDS AB Temperate Mediterranean climates occur at the northern and southern limit of this climate type. These regions feature cooler summers but colder winter temperatures than areas more traditionally considered Mediterranean. Plants selected for landscape use in these regions must possess sufficient cold hardiness to survive winter conditions. Development of lower-input landscapes in these regions will involve elimination of irrigation in order to reduce water use and expense as well as reducing weed problems. Use of appropriate groundcovers is an important component of these landscapes, and so for temperate Mediterranean climates, suitable groundcovers will be capable of growing satisfactorily with no summer irrigation and hardy enough to tolerate winter conditions. Western Oregon has a humid Mediterranean climate and several evaluations of Mediterranean genera have been undertaken to select groundcovers suited to local conditions. The evaluations have identified a number of hardy groundcovers suitable for landscape use, including Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Kurt Zadnik', C. cuneatus var. rigidus 'Snowball', Cistus xgardianus, C. xobtusifolius and Halimium lasianthum 'Sandling'. An evaluation of Arctostaphylos was planted in 2009 and cold hardiness results are described. A new evaluation of Grevillea will be planted in 2011. C1 [Bell, N. C.; Owen, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Altland, J.] USDA Agr Res Serv, Applicat Tech Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. RP Bell, NC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Washington State Department of Agriculture; OSU Agricultural Research Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Washington State Department of Agriculture and the OSU Agricultural Research Foundation. In addition, assistance from a number of botanical gardens and nurseries has been appreciated, including Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Santa Barbara Botanical Garden, Suncrest Nursery, Xera Plants, Native Sons Nursery, California Flora Nursery and Anderson Valley Nursery, as well as Robert G. Page for his contribution of many taxa to the evaluations of Cistus and Halimium. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66055-25-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2012 VL 937 BP 1033 EP 1039 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDJ01 UT WOS:000313517700128 ER PT S AU Holmes, TRH Crow, WT Jackson, TJ de Jeu, RAM Reichle, RH Cosh, MH AF Holmes, Thomas R. H. Crow, Wade T. Jackson, Thomas J. de Jeu, Richard A. M. Reichle, Rolf H. Cosh, Michael H. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Assessment of soil moisture retrieval with numerical weather prediction model temperatures SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE land surface temperature; soil moisture retrieval; WindSat; LPRM ID MICROWAVE; RADIOMETER AB The effect of using a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) soil temperature product instead of estimates provided by concurrent 37 GHz data on satellite-based passive microwave retrieval of soil moisture was evaluated. This was prompted by the change in system configuration of preceding multi-frequency satellites to new single frequency L-band missions. In situ soil moisture data from four watershed sites in the USA were used to assess this change with one soil moisture retrieval algorithm. The temperature product substitution resulted in a large decrease in sensitivity to in situ soil moisture changes, and illustrates the complications of moving from a coincident source to interpolation of modelled temperature. C1 [Holmes, Thomas R. H.; Crow, Wade T.; Jackson, Thomas J.; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [de Jeu, Richard A. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & Geo Environm Sci, NL-1082 Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Reichle, Rolf H.] Hydrol Sci Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Holmes, TRH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thomas.holmes@ars.usda.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500001 ER PT S AU Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Cosh, M Zhao, T AF Jackson, Thomas. J. Bindlish, Rajat Cosh, Michael Zhao, Tanjie BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI SMOS soil moisture validation with dense networks: preliminary results SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE soil moisture; validation; SMOS; AMSR-E AB Validation is important for passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture from earth orbit. Soil moisture products from the recently launched Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite are evaluated here using data from the first few months following launch. Soil moisture estimates are compared to data from a set of dense in situ soil moisture observing networks distributed across the USA, each of which approximates the size of a SMOS footprint. In situ data from these sites have been calibrated and verified through field campaigns and applied to validating other satellite products. Results show that the SMOS products are reasonable at this stage of validation; however, there are indications that improvements can be made through a careful review of the in situ and alternative satellite product comparisons. C1 [Jackson, Thomas. J.; Bindlish, Rajat; Cosh, Michael; Zhao, Tanjie] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500005 ER PT S AU Crow, WT Cosh, MH Miralles, DG AF Crow, Wade T. Cosh, Michael H. Miralles, Diego G. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Evaluating remotely-sensed surface soil moisture estimates using triple collocation SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE soil moisture; remote sensing; triple collocation; ground validation AB Recent work has demonstrated the potential of enhancing remotely-sensed surface soil moisture validation activities through the application of triple collocation (TC) techniques which compare a time series of three mutually independent soil moisture estimates in order to acquire the root-mean-square error of each estimate individually. Using soil moisture estimates acquired from land surface modelling, passive microwave remote sensing and active microwave remote sensing alongside independent ground observations obtained within four intensively-instrumented watersheds, this paper independently verifies a soil moisture TC analysis. Results demonstrate the potential of the approach for validating remotely-sensed soil moisture products and identify a possible source of bias associated with cross-correlated errors in the remotely-sensed soil moisture products. C1 [Crow, Wade T.; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Rm 104,Blg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Miralles, Diego G.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Hydrol & GeoEnvironmental Sci, NL-1081 HV Anzsterdam, Netherlands. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Rm 104,Blg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 29 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500007 ER PT S AU Cosh, MH Prueger, J Jackson, TJ AF Cosh, Michael H. Prueger, John Jackson, Thomas J. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Using agricultural in situ soil moisture networks to validate satellite estimates SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE soil moisture; satellite validation; network design; agriculture; Iowa AB The validation of soil moisture remote sensing products is generally based upon in situ networks which are often in non-representative locations. Soil moisture sensors have, until recently, been added to existing precipitation networks, which are not installed inside agricultural fields. An initial attempt at a realistic agricultural network has been developed in the Walnut Creek watershed near Ames, Iowa. Small temporary soil moisture stations are installed within the corn and soybean fields which dominate the region. This network design results in a non-continuous but representative watershed average during active growing seasons. Begun in 2006, nine stations have been recording the surface soil moisture (similar to 5 cm). A stable and reliable network can be achieved with repeated installation procedures which will be useful for monitoring in situ watersheds dominated by agriculture. C1 [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prueger, John] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM michael.cosh@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500008 ER PT S AU Vega-Martinez, Z Temimi, M Anderson, MC Hain, C Krakauer, N Ribin, R Khanbilvardi, R AF Vega-Martinez, Zulamet Temimi, Marouane Anderson, Martha C. Hain, Christopher Krakauer, Nir Ribin, Robert Khanbilvardi, Reza BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Towards a better monitoring of soil moisture using a combination of estimates from passive microwave and thermal observations SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE ALEXI; soil moisture; AMSR-E; evapotranspiration; passive microwave AB Soil moisture is a key variable in hydrological and meteorological processes. It exhibits significant temporal and spatial variation. Therefore, the use of satellite imagery to monitor its variability is crucial. The main objective of this work is to implement a multi-satellite approach which combines soil moisture estimates from passive microwave and thermal observations to improve the monitoring of soil wetness on a continental scale. Soil moisture estimates are obtained from passive microwave data from the AMSR-E NASA product and from thermal and near infrared observations using the ALEXI model. Ultimately, a statistical combination of these two products would overcome their individual limitations, allowing for better monitoring of soil moisture. The main limitation of passive microwave-based products is their coarse spatial resolution. Their main advantage, however, is their capability to penetrate clouds. On the other hand, the main advantage of the ALEXI-based product is its higher spatial resolution and deeper sampling into the root zone. Cloud blockage is its main limitation. The prospective product, the result of the combination, would have a better spatial resolution than the passive microwave-based product and a better temporal coverage than the ALEXI-based product. Several locations with different land cover conditions were chosen to compare and analyse the difference between the two products. These areas are located in Washington State, California, Texas, Alabama, Florida and New York, USA. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange (ALEXI) model mainly uses GOES data to calculate soil moisture in clear-sky days on a continental scale. On cloudy days, when visual imagery is affected by clouds, a gap-filling technique is adopted to continue inferring soil moisture. A preliminary visualization of the soil moisture products from ALEXI and AMSR-E has been conducted, including daily evaluations for the different combinations of data in different regions. A reasonable agreement has been noticed between the two products. The consistency between the two products suggests that they can be combined for better monitoring of soil wetness. C1 [Vega-Martinez, Zulamet; Temimi, Marouane; Krakauer, Nir; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hain, Christopher] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Ribin, Robert] NOAA NSSL, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Vega-Martinez, Z (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM zvega4@gmail.com RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA060AR4810162] FX This study was supported and monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant number NA060AR4810162. The statements contained within this document are not the opinions of the funding agency or the US government, but reflect the author's opinions. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500010 ER PT S AU Sanchez, JM French, AN Mira, M Hunsaker, D Thorp, K Valor, E Caselles, V AF Sanchez, Juan M. French, Andrew N. Mira, Maria Hunsaker, Douglas Thorp, Kelly Valor, Enric Caselles, Vicente BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Field thermal infrared emissivity dependence on soil moisture SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE thermal infrared emissivity; soil moisture; soil cracks; Maricopa; Arizona; USA ID RADIOMETER AB Emissivity dependence on soil water content has been already reported and modelled under controlled conditions in the laboratory. This study completes and extends that previous work by providing emissivity measurements under field conditions without elimination of impurities, local heterogeneities or soil cracks appearing in the drying process. A bare soil plot was selected in central Arizona, USA. The soil plot was flood irrigated every 2-3 days and left to dry. Field emissivity measurements were collected for different values of soil water content. An overall increase of emissivity with soil moisture was obtained. It was also shown that deterioration of the soil surface tends to reduce the emissivity spectral contrast. Relationships obtained by Mira et al. (2010) were tested and compared with the field measurements. C1 [Sanchez, Juan M.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Appl Phys, Av Espana S-N, Albacete 02071, Spain. [French, Andrew N.; Hunsaker, Douglas; Thorp, Kelly] US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Mira, Maria; Valor, Enric; Caselles, Vicente] Univ Valencia, Earth Phys & Thermodynam Dept, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Spain. RP Sanchez, JM (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Appl Phys, Av Espana S-N, Albacete 02071, Spain. EM juanmanuel.sanchez@uclm.es RI Valor, Enric/G-5128-2014; Sanchez, Juan Manuel/F-5807-2016 OI Valor, Enric/0000-0003-1144-1381; Sanchez, Juan Manuel/0000-0003-1027-9351 FU Science and Innovation Ministry [CGL2007-64666_CLI]; Juan de la Cierva Research Contract of Dr Sanchez, and FPU Research Grant of Dr Mira; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETE0/2009/086]; Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center (ALARC); University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC) FX This work was funded by the Science and Innovation Ministry (Project CGL2007-64666_CLI, Juan de la Cierva Research Contract of Dr Sanchez, and FPU Research Grant of Dr Mira), and Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETE0/2009/086). The authors thank the support of the Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center (ALARC), and the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 50 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500012 ER PT S AU Cammalleri, C Anderson, MC Ciraolo, G D'Urso, G Kustas, WP Hain, C Schultz, L Mecikalski, JR AF Cammalleri, C. Anderson, M. C. Ciraolo, G. D'Urso, G. Kustas, W. P. Hain, C. Schultz, L. Mecikalski, J. R. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Analysis of energy flux estimations over Italy using time-differencing models based on thermal remote sensing data SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE actual evapotranspiration; geostationary satellite; time-differential surface energy balance ID TEMPERATURE; SOIL AB Large area estimations of land surface fluxes can be a useful operational tool for up-scaling local measurements and can serve as an upper-boundary condition for higher spatial resolution applications. Given hourly measurements of radiometric surface temperature from a geostationary satellite, it is possible to derive the partitioning of energy fluxes based on the influence of the evapotranspiration process on morning surface temperature rise. In this work, the Atmosphere Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model and the Dual Temperature Difference (DTD) approach were applied in order to relate the sensible heat flux to time-differential remote observations of surface temperature obtained from Meteosat satellite data. C1 [Cammalleri, C.; Ciraolo, G.] Univ Palermo, Dept Hydraul Engn & Environm Applicat, Palermo, Italy. [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [D'Urso, G.] Univ Studi Napoli Federico II, Dept Agr Engn & Agron, Naples, Italy. [Hain, C.; Schultz, L.; Mecikalski, J. R.] Univ AlabamaHuntsville, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Cammalleri, C (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dept Hydraul Engn & Environm Applicat, Palermo, Italy. EM carmelo.cammalleri@unipa.it RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; D'Urso, Guido/0000-0002-0251-4668; Ciraolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6627-0175; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 124 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500029 ER PT S AU Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Dulaney, WP Gao, F Sumner, D AF Anderson, M. C. Kustas, W. P. Dulaney, W. P. Gao, F. Sumner, D. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Integration of multi-scale thermal satellite imagery for evaluation of daily evapotranspiration at sub-field scales SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE evapotranspiration; remote sensing; surface energy balance ID ENERGY FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Development of robust algorithms for routine monitoring of evapotranspiration (ET) over large areas at spatial resolutions that discriminate individual agricultural fields (<100 m resolution) will benefit an array of water resource management applications. Land-surface temperature (LST) derived from thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing has proven to be a valuable input to surface energy balance algorithms for estimating ET and serves as an effective proxy for spatially distributed soil moisture and precipitation measurements. This paper will discuss a strategy for integrating GOES, MODIS and Landsat TIR and shortwave imagery to map daily ET at 30 m resolution. The methodology has been tested over sites in southern Florida, an area where high-resolution time-continuous ET data are urgently needed for decision making by water management agencies. C1 [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.; Dulaney, W. P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gao, F.] NASAGoddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sumner, D.] US Geol Survey, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 132 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500031 ER PT S AU Wei, XF Sritharan, SI French, A Eckhardt, D Kandiah, R Morton, A AF Wei, Xiaofang Sritharan, Subramania I. French, Andy Eckhardt, David Kandiah, Ramani Morton, Andre BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Atmospheric correction of Landsat TM imagery for evapotranspiration estimation in the lower Colorado River basin SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE atmospheric correction; 6S; FLAASH; Landsat TM imagery AB Atmospheric correction for remotely sensed data is an essential process for accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET), which assists in understanding the evapotranspiration rate of riparian vegetation and the management of water resources in the Lower Colorado River basin. A comparative study of atmospheric correction was conducted for Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery using Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) and ENVI's Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) algorithms. 6S, a vector version of the radiative transfer code, takes into consideration the radiation polarization to compensate atmospheric absorption and scattering effects, while FLAASH is a MODTRAN4+ radiation transfer code solution. After the atmospheric correction, the surface reflectance values will be correlated with ground and helicopter spectroradiometer measurement to assess the atmospheric correction and thereby to provide useful information for the subsequent evapotranspiration calculation. C1 [Wei, Xiaofang; Sritharan, Subramania I.; Kandiah, Ramani; Morton, Andre] Cent State Univ, Dept Water Resources Management, 1400 Brush Row Rd, Wilberforce, OH 45384 USA. [French, Andy] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Eckhardt, David] Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wei, XF (reprint author), Cent State Univ, Dept Water Resources Management, 1400 Brush Row Rd, Wilberforce, OH 45384 USA. EM xwei@centralstate.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 137 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500032 ER PT S AU Kustas, WP Alfieri, JG Anderson, MC Colaizzi, PD Prueger, JH Chavez, JL Neale, CMU Dulaney, W Evett, SR Copeland, KS Howell, TA AF Kustas, William P. Alfieri, Joseph G. Anderson, Martha C. Colaizzi, Paul D. Prueger, John H. Chavez, Jose L. Neale, Christopher M. U. Dulaney, Wayne Evett, Steven R. Copeland, Karen S. Howell, Terry A. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Utility of the thermal-based Dual-Temperature-Difference technique under strongly advective conditions during BEAREX08 SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE thermal remote sensing; two-source energy balance modelling; BEAREX08; non-local meteorological forcing data ID FLUXES; MODEL AB Application of most thermal remote sensing-based energy balance models requires meteorological inputs of wind speed and air temperature. These are typically obtained from the nearest weather station which is often situated in a non-ideal location having limited fetch. In addition, the uncertainty of surface temperature estimates can be several degrees due to sensor calibration issues, atmospheric effects and variation in surface emissivity. The Dual-Temperature-Difference (DTD) method, which was derived from the Two-Source Model (TSM) of Norman et al. (1995), uses a double difference of the time rate of change in radiometric and air temperature observations, and was developed to reduce errors associated with deriving the temperature gradient in complex landscapes, such as agricultural environments having a patchwork of irrigated and non-irrigated fields. The scheme is relatively simple, requiring minimal ground-based data and meteorological input from an existing synoptic weather station network. The utility of this scheme was tested with ground-based radiometric temperature observations from the Bushland Evapotranspiration and Agricultural Remote Sensing Experiment 2008 (BEAREX08), conducted in the semi-arid climate of the Texas High Plains. C1 [Kustas, William P.; Alfieri, Joseph G.; Anderson, Martha C.; Dulaney, Wayne] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Colaizzi, Paul D.; Evett, Steven R.; Copeland, Karen S.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chavez, Jose L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Neale, Christopher M. U.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bill.kustas@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 145 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500034 ER PT S AU Alfieri, JG Blanken, PD AF Alfieri, Joseph G. Blanken, Peter D. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI How representative is a point? The spatial variability of flux measurements across short distances SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE energy balance fluxes; eddy covariance; spatial variability ID ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SURFACE FLUXES; MODEL AB During the summer of 2001, the spatial variation of the surface energy fluxes across short distances was examined over a sand-sagebrush steppe ecosystem in Colorado. A pair of eddy covariance micro-meteorological stations were used to test the hypothesis that fine-scale variations in the physical properties of the site result in significant variation in the surface energy balance. While one system remained stationary, the other was positioned at one of eight locations forming two concentric circles with radii of 16 and 32 m, respectively, centred on the reference station. Through a comparative analysis of the flux measurements from the two stations, it was found that statistically significant variations in the sensible, latent and soil heat fluxes were present at the study site. These variations were linked to small changes in the near-surface soil moisture content and leaf area index. The results of this study suggest there may be substantial uncertainty surrounding a single point measurement when it is used to represent the exchange of heat and moisture over a large area. This uncertainty must be considered when using in situ measurements to evaluate remote sensing products or models. C1 [Alfieri, Joseph G.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Alfieri, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joe.alfieri@ars.usda.gov OI BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220 FU University of Colorado UROP Program and the National Science Foundation [ATM-9724570] FX The authors would like to thank M. M. O'Connell for her assistance during the field component of this research. They would also like to thank M. A. LeMone, R. L. Grossman, T. T. Warner, T. Horst, W. P. Kustas, J. H. Prueger, and A. N. French for their insightful discussions during the course of this research Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge funding for this research from the University of Colorado UROP Program and the National Science Foundation (ATM-9724570). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 210 EP + PG 3 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500049 ER PT S AU Alfieri, JG Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Chavez, JL Evett, SR Neale, CMU Anderson, MC Hipps, LE Copeland, KS Howell, TA French, AN Dulaney, W Mckee, L AF Alfieri, Joseph G. Kustas, William P. Prueger, John H. Chavez, Jose L. Evett, Steven R. Neale, Christopher M. U. Anderson, Martha C. Hipps, Lawrence E. Copeland, Karen S. Howell, Terry A. French, Andrew N. Dulaney, Wayne McKee, Lynn BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI A comparison of the eddy covariance and lysimetry-based measurements of the surface energy fluxes during BEAREX08 SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE surface energy balance fluxes; lysimetry; eddy covariance AB Understanding the uncertainty associated with ground truth data is critical for accurately assessing remote sensing-based products and models. Using data collected with eddy covariance systems and lysimetry during the 2008 Bushland Evapotranspiration and Agricultural Remote Sensing Experiment (BEAREX08), this research sought to characterize surface energy flux measurements collected over irrigated cotton under strongly advective conditions. The results of the analysis showed substantial differences between the flux measurements, with the lysimetry-based latent heat fluxes exceeding those of the eddy covariance measurements by as much as 400 W m(-2). The differences between the non-turbulent fluxes were smaller, typically on the order of 100 W m(-2). Even after forcing closure of the eddy covariance data, it was not possible to reconcile the measurements. Although differences in local surface conditions were found among the measurement sites, the cause for the discrepancies between the measurements from the two methods remains unclear. It is the focus of ongoing research. C1 [Alfieri, Joseph G.; Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.; Dulaney, Wayne; McKee, Lynn] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chavez, Jose L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Evett, Steven R.; Copeland, Karen S.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS Conversat & Prod Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Neale, Christopher M. U.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hipps, Lawrence E.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [French, Andrew N.] USDA ARS Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Alfieri, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joe.alfieri@ars.usda.gov OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500050 ER PT S AU Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ Wang, YQ Shi, JCC Basara, J AF Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. Wang, Yongqain Shi, Jiancheng C. Basara, Jeffery BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Regional and temporal patterns of soil moisture during CLASIC using passive microwave satellite observations SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE soil moisture; CLASIC; TRMM; floods; passive microwave ID PRECIPITATION AB The Cloud Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC) was conducted in Oklahoma during the summer of 2007, with a primary focus on the interaction between cloud formation and land surface processes, including surface soil moisture. Passive microwave observations were used to study the evolution of soil moisture conditions over the Southern Great Plains and to evaluate the potential of using this data to monitor and map flooded areas. The analyses presented here used the TMI satellite instrument. As part of the investigation, the effect of atmospheric water vapour on the microwave observations was evaluated. Atmospheric water vapour effects can be significant for high frequency microwave observations (as much as 50 K for 89 GHz and 20 K for 36.5 GHz). The effect of atmospheric water vapour decreases significantly for low frequency observations (4 K for 10 GHz). Soil moisture estimates were validated using ground and meteorological observations. The estimated soil moisture was in good agreement with in situ observations (RMSE = 0.044 m(3)/m(3)) and reflected the temporal variations resulting from precipitation events. The range and variability of estimated soil moisture was a function of land surface variables (vegetation and soils). Reliable soil moisture estimates will contribute to the study of the interaction between cloud formation and land surface. C1 [Bindlish, Rajat; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Yongqain; Shi, Jiancheng C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat IRSA, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Shi, Jiancheng C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Basara, Jeffery] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Bindlish, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM raiat.bindlish@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 371 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500085 ER PT S AU Mladenova, IE Crow, WT Doraiswamy, P Teng, W Milak, S AF Mladenova, I. E. Crow, W. T. Doraiswamy, P. Teng, W. Milak, S. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Potential for improved crop yield prediction through assimilation of satellite-derived soil moisture data SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE crop growth modelling; yield; soil moisture; data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter ID GROWTH; FIELD; MODEL AB Official US Department of Agriculture (USDA) yield estimates are summarized in the monthly World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report released by the World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB). WAOB analyses contributing to yield estimates are done using the Global Agricultural Decision Support Environment (GLADSE), which is a comprehensive collection of data and tools that allows for the thorough interpretation of crop model forecasts. Soil moisture is both an essential component of these crop models and a critical data source input into GLADSE. This paper describes an Ensemble Kalman Filter based integration methodology that aims to improve the USDA Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model and GLADSE soil moisture information through the assimilation of a satellite-based surface soil moisture product derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System. This research, supported by NASA's Applied Sciences Program, is a part of ongoing USDA efforts to develop data assimilation systems to improve agricultural crop yield prediction. C1 [Mladenova, I. E.; Crow, W. T.; Doraiswamy, P.; Milak, S.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave,B007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Teng, W.] NASA Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mladenova, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave,B007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM iliana.mladenova@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 384 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500088 ER PT S AU Cammalleri, C Anderson, MC Houborg, R Gao, F Kustas, WP Schull, M AF Cammalleri, Carmelo Anderson, Martha C. Houborg, Rasmus Gao, Feng Kustas, William P. Schull, Mitchell BE Neale, CMU Maltese, A TI An integrated approach for high spatial resolution mapping of water and carbon fluxes using multi-sensor satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XIV part of the 19th International Symposium on Remote Sensing CY SEP 24-26, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Thermal infrared; optical bands; data fusion; surface energy balance ID ENERGY-BALANCE ALGORITHM; LIGHT-USE-EFFICIENCY; HEAT-FLUX; SURFACE FLUXES; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; FIELD AB In the last years, modeling of surface processes - such as water, energy and carbon budgets, as well as vegetation growth - seems to be focused on integrated approaches that combine aspects of hydrology, biology and meteorology into unified analyses. In this context, remotely sensed data often have a core role due to the cross-cutting impact of this novel source of spatially distributed information on all these research areas. However, several applications - such as drought monitoring, yield forecasting and crop management - require spatially detailed products at sub-field scales, which can be obtained only with support of adequately fine resolution remote sensing data (< 100 m). In particular, observations in the visible to the near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectral region can be used to derive biophysical and biochemical properties of the vegetation (i.e., leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll). Complementarily, the thermal infrared (TIR) signal provides valuable information about land surface temperature, which in turn represents an accurate proxy indicator of the subsurface moisture status by means of surface energy budget analysis. Additionally, the strong link between crop water stress and stomatal closure allows inference of crop carbon assimilation using the same tools. In this work, an integrated approach is proposed to model both carbon and water budgets at field scale by means of a joint use of a thermal-based Two Source Energy Budget (TSEB) model and an analytical, Light-Use-Efficiency (LUE) based model of canopy resistance. This suite of models allows integration of information retrieved by both fine and coarse resolution satellites by means of a data fusion procedure. A set of Landsat and MODIS images are used to investigate the suitability of this approach, and the modeled fluxes are compared with observations made by several flux towers in terms of both water and carbon fluxes. C1 [Cammalleri, Carmelo; Anderson, Martha C.; Gao, Feng; Kustas, William P.; Schull, Mitchell] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Houborg, Rasmus] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, JRC, Ispra, Italy. RP Cammalleri, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM carmelo.cammalleri@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9271-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8531 AR 85310O DI 10.1117/12.974737 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDL51 UT WOS:000313661400018 ER PT S AU Ciraolo, G Cammalleri, C Capodici, F D'Urso, G Maltese, A AF Ciraolo, Giuseppe Cammalleri, Carmelo Capodici, Fulvio D'Urso, Guido Maltese, Antonino BE Neale, CMU Maltese, A TI Mapping evapotranspiration on vineyards: a comparison between Penman-Monteith and Energy Balance approaches for operational purposes SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XIV part of the 19th International Symposium on Remote Sensing CY SEP 24-26, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE evapotranspiration; vineyards; Penman-Monteith; energy balance; leaf water potential ID WATER-BALANCE; TEMPERATURE; SOIL AB Estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) in Sicilian vineyard is an emerging issue since these agricultural systems are more and more converted from rainfed to irrigated conditions, with significant impacts on the management of the scarce water resources of the region. The choice of the most appropriate methodology for assessing water use in these systems is still an issue of debating, due to the complexity of canopy and root systems and for their high spatial fragmentation. In vineyards, quality and quantity of the final product are dependent on the controlled stress conditions to be set trough irrigation. This paper reports an application of the well-known Penman-Monteith approach, applied in a distributed way, using high resolution remote sensing data to map the potential evapotranspiration (ETp). In 2008 a series of airborne multispectral images were acquired on "Tenute Rapitala", a wine farm located in the northwest of Sicily. Five airborne remote sensing scenes were collected using a SKY ARROW 351 650 TC/TCNS aircraft, at a height of about 1000 m a. g. l.. The acquisitions were performed encompassing a whole phenological period, period between June and September 2008 (approximately every three weeks). The platform had on board a multi-spectral camera with 3 spectral bands at green (G, 530-570 nm), red (R, 650-690 nm) and near infrared (NIR, 767-832 nm) wavelengths, and a thermal camera with a broad band in the range 7.5-13 mu m. The nominal pixel resolution was approximately 0.7 m for VIS/NIR acquisitions, and 1.7 m for the thermal-IR data. Field data were acquired simultaneously to airborne acquisitions. These data include spectral reflectances in VIS-NIR-SWIR (shortwave infrared), leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture at different depths (both in row and below plants). Moreover, meteo variables were measured by a standard weather station whereas fluxes were measured by means of an Eddy correlation tower located within the field. The VIS-NIR bands were atmospherically corrected and calibrated in order to calculate albedo, NDVI and LAI, which represented the distributed inputs of the Penman-Monteith algorithm. Moreover a sensitivity analysis has been carried out on input parameters (such as albedo). A sensitivity analysis was carried out to highlight the variability of outputs (such as ETp) on the accuracy in the parameters assessment obtainable using high spatial resolution airborne images. Scale effects have been also investigated by means of an artificial degradation of images spatial resolution. Finally the relationship between stress factor evaluated as the ratio between actual and reference ET and pre-dawn leaf water potential has been also investigated. C1 [Ciraolo, Giuseppe; Capodici, Fulvio; Maltese, Antonino] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Ingn, Viale Sci, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. [Cammalleri, Carmelo] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [D'Urso, Guido] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Ingn Agraria Agron Territorio, Naples, Italy. RP Ciraolo, G (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Ingn, Viale Sci, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. EM antonino.maltese@unipa.it RI Maltese, Antonino/E-3588-2013; OI Maltese, Antonino/0000-0002-2778-4680; D'Urso, Guido/0000-0002-0251-4668; Ciraolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6627-0175 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9271-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8531 AR 85310Q DI 10.1117/12.974967 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDL51 UT WOS:000313661400020 ER PT S AU Daughtry, CST Beeson, PC Milak, S Akhmedov, B Sadeghi, AM Hunt, ER Tomer, MD AF Daughtry, C. S. T. Beeson, P. C. Milak, S. Akhmedov, B. Sadeghi, A. M. Hunt, E. R., Jr. Tomer, M. D. BE Neale, CMU Maltese, A TI Assessing the Extent of Conservation Tillage In Agricultural Landscapes SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XIV part of the 19th International Symposium on Remote Sensing CY SEP 24-26, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Crop residue; soil tillage; remote sensing; bio-fuel; soil erosion modeling; water quality modeling ID CROP RESIDUE COVER; SOIL; REFLECTANCE AB Crop residue (or plant litter) on the soil surface can decrease soil erosion and runoff and improve soil quality. Quantification of crop residue cover is required to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation tillage practices as well as the extent of biofuel harvesting. Remote sensing techniques can provide reliable assessment od crop residue cover over large fields. With Landsat Thematic Mapper bands, crop residues can be brighter or darker than soils depending on soil type, crop type, moisture content, and residue age. With hyperspectral reflectance data, relatively narrow absorption features, centered near 2100 and 2300 nm, can be detected that are associated with cellulose and lignin concentrations. These features are evident in reflectance spectra of crop residues, but not in reflectance spectra of soils. Our objectives were to: (1) estimate crop residue cover using remotely sensed data over an agricultural site in central Iowa, and (2) evaluate alternative, less labor-intensive sampling schemes for acquiring crop residue cover surface reference data. We acquired EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer data over agricultural fields in central Iowa shortly after planting in May 2004 and 2005. Crop residue cover was also measured in corn and soybean fields using line-point transects. The cellulose absorption index (CAI), which measured the relative intensity of the absorption feature near 2100 nm, was calculated using three relatively narrow bands centered at 2030, 2100, and 2210 nm. Results showed that crop residue cover was linearly related to CAI. Changes in the slopes of the regression line from year to year were related to scene moisture conditions. Tillage intensity classes corresponding to conventional tillage (<= 30% cover) and conservation tillage (> 30% cover) were correctly identified in 75-82% of the fields. In addition, by combining information from previous season's crop classification with crop residue cover after planting, an inventory of soil tillage intensity by previous crop was generated for the whole Hyperion scene for each year. Inventories and maps of tillage intensity are required for field-and watershed scale models to evaluate management practices that maximize production and minimize environmental impact. C1 [Daughtry, C. S. T.; Beeson, P. C.; Sadeghi, A. M.; Hunt, E. R., Jr.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Milak, S.; Akhmedov, B.] Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Tomer, M. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9271-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8531 AR 853116 DI 10.1117/12.974611 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDL51 UT WOS:000313661400034 ER PT S AU Edwards, JV French, AD Jacks, T Rajasekaran, K AF Edwards, J. Vincent French, Alfred D. Jacks, Thomas Rajasekaran, K. BE Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jaynes, JM Montesinos, E TI pH-Directed Self-Assembling Helical Peptide Conformation SO SMALL WONDERS: PEPTIDES FOR DISEASE CONTROL SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Small Wonders: Peptides for Disease Control Held at the 240th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr Food Chem (ACS-AGFD), AgroMed LLC, Amer Chem Soc (ACS) ID EFFICIENT GENE-TRANSFER; INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ; MEMBRANE-FUSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DNA COMPLEXES; IN-VITRO; IDENTIFICATION; DELIVERY; AGONIST; ANALOGS AB The beta-sheet and alpha-helix peptide conformation are two of the most fundamentally ordered secondary structures found in proteins and peptides. They also give rise to self-assembling motifs that form macromolecular channels and nanostructures. Through design these conformations can yield enhanced membrane activity. The self-assembling properties of the beta-sheet and helical peptide motifs have found many applications as antimicrobials and in biomaterials with potential in regenerative medicine. In a delivery or biomaterial system these two conformational motifs can confer nano-strucutral properties that are useful in implantable biomaterials, and non-viral gene formulations. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) fusion peptides, which were first reported by Wiley et al., possess lytic properties of HA that allow it to gain endosome entry through conformational transition, and is required for membrane fusion activity. The helical peptide's active conformation is formed by way of a pH-triggered change in conformation that is endosomolytic as originally found in HA mutants. Here we discuss helix design properties of some pH-triggered lytic peptides while maintaining a conformation with minimum amino acid chain length requirements. C1 [Edwards, J. Vincent; French, Alfred D.; Jacks, Thomas; Rajasekaran, K.] ARS USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), ARS USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vince.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2748-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1095 BP 203 EP 213 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BDE91 UT WOS:000312971600010 ER PT S AU Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Chlan, CA Jaynes, JM Bhatnagar, D AF Rajasekaran, K. Cary, J. W. Chlan, C. A. Jaynes, J. M. Bhatnagar, D. BE Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jaynes, JM Montesinos, E TI Strategies for Controlling Plant Diseases and Mycotoxin Contamination Using Antimicrobial Synthetic Peptides SO SMALL WONDERS: PEPTIDES FOR DISEASE CONTROL SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Small Wonders: Peptides for Disease Control Held at the 240th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr Food Chem (ACS-AGFD), AgroMed LLC, Amer Chem Soc (ACS) ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO CHLOROPLASTS; CONFERS ENHANCED RESISTANCE; INTRON-MEDIATED ENHANCEMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; SYNTHASE GENES; LYTIC PEPTIDES; CECROPIN-B; BACTERIAL AB Development of disease-resistant transgenic crops is made difficult because host plant-pathogen interactions are complex and often crop/variety or pathogen/strain-specific. Synthetic peptides are useful in controlling a broad-spectrum of plant pathogens including the difficult-to-control, mycotoxin-producing fungal species such as Aspergillus and Fusarium. The effectiveness of synthetic peptide genes in transgenic crops for controlling microbial pathogens has been well established in our laboratory and elsewhere. Some of the additional advantages of synthetic peptides include 1) they are not subject to rapid degradation in cytoplasm as compared to naturally occurring peptides, 2) they offer unique resistance to microbes because of their novelty and preempt possible development of resistance, and 3) preliminary studies indicate that they are not harmful to beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere. This paper reviews various strategies of synthetic peptide gene expression in transgenic crops for controlling or inhibiting plant pathogens including mycotoxin producing fungi. C1 [Rajasekaran, K.; Cary, J. W.; Bhatnagar, D.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Jaynes, J. M.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Jaynes, J. M.] Tuskegee Univ, Integrat Biosciences, Tuskegee, AL 36811 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Rajah.Rajasekaran@ars.usda.gov NR 122 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2748-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1095 BP 295 EP + PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BDE91 UT WOS:000312971600014 ER PT S AU Fu, JM Patel, M Nuutila, AM Skadsen, R AF Fu, Jianming Patel, Minesh Nuutila, Anna Maria Skadsen, Ron BE Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jaynes, JM Montesinos, E TI Thionin Antifungal Peptide Synthesis in Transgenic Barley SO SMALL WONDERS: PEPTIDES FOR DISEASE CONTROL SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Small Wonders: Peptides for Disease Control Held at the 240th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr Food Chem (ACS-AGFD), AgroMed LLC, Amer Chem Soc (ACS) ID HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; MESSENGER-RNA; BETA-HORDOTHIONIN; DEVELOPING GRAINS; OAT SEEDS; EXPRESSION; GENE; PROTEIN; ALPHA; ENDOSPERM AB Seeds and vegetative organs of barley and other cereals produce thionin proteins that are processed into peptides with pronounced anti-microbial properties. In vitro studies demonstrated the toxicity of alpha- and beta-hordothionins (HTHs) to the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Increasing the expression of thionin genes may, therefore, provide resistance against this and other pathogens. Before a transgenic strategy can succeed, obstacles to Hth expression must be overcome. Barley transformed with a seed-specific barley alpha Hth1 gene produced very little Hth1 mRNA in non-endosperm tissues. Removal of the first of two nearby 5' methionine codons (producing alpha Hth1 Delta) increased Hth1 mRNA levels. However, not even the association of Hth1 with membrane-bound polyribosomes led to HTH protein accumulation. Transformation of oat with this Hth1 vector previously showed that HTH1 protein was produced, but only in the endosperm. These findings suggest that cereals have a mechanism (or deficiency) that prevents HTH1 protein accumulation beyond the endosperm. A beta-hordothionin cDNA, Lemthio1, cloned from lemma (hull) mRNA, produced high levels of LEMTHIO1 protein in lemmas of transformants. These will be tested for resistance to F graminearum. C1 [Fu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Patel, Minesh] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27513 USA. [Nuutila, Anna Maria] VTT Biotechnol & Res, FIN-02044 Oulu, Finland. [Skadsen, Ron] USDA ARS Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Fu, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rskadsen@wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [3655-21430-006-05S]; Univ. of Wisconsin [SCA 58-3655-4-148, 0405-SK-038]; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; American Malting Barley Association FX This research was conducted at the USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit in Madison, WI. We thank John Herbst and Laura Oesterle for excellent technical support and Berne Jones (USDA/ARS/CCRU, Madison, WI) for providing purified barley endosperm HTH. pAHC25 was a generous gift from Peter Quail, USDA/ARS Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA). This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Project 3655-21430-006-05S) and Univ. of Wisconsin SCA 58-3655-4-148 in a cooperative project (ID0405-SK-038) with the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. Early funding was provided by the American Malting Barley Association. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA. or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2748-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1095 BP 359 EP + PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BDE91 UT WOS:000312971600017 ER PT S AU Mehl, HL Jaime, R Callicott, KA Probst, C Garber, NP Ortega-Beltran, A Grubisha, LC Cotty, PJ AF Mehl, Hillary L. Jaime, Ramon Callicott, Kenneth A. Probst, Claudia Garber, Nicholas P. Ortega-Beltran, Alejandro Grubisha, Lisa C. Cotty, Peter J. BE Clemons, KV Perlin, DS Richardson, M TI Aspergillus flavus diversity on crops and in the environment can be exploited to reduce aflatoxin exposure and improve health SO ADVANCES AGAINST ASPERGILLOSIS II SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Advances Against Aspergillosis Conference CY JAN 26-28, 2012 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; food safety; biocontrol; competitive exclusion ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; SECTION FLAVI; COTTON BOLLS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; PEANUT FIELD; SOUTH TEXAS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SCLEROTIA PRODUCTION AB Humans and animals are exposed to aflatoxins, toxic carcinogenic fungal metabolites, through consumption of contaminated food and feed. Aspergillus flavus, the primary causal agent of crop aflatoxin contamination, is composed of phenotypically and genotypically diverse vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Molecular data suggest that VCGs largely behave as clones with certain VCGs exhibiting niche preference. VCGs vary in aflatoxin-producing ability, ranging from highly aflatoxigenic to atoxigenic. The prevalence of individual VCGs is dictated by competition during growth and reproduction under variable biotic and abiotic conditions. Agronomic practices influence structures and average aflatoxin-producing potentials of A. flavus populations and, as a result, incidences and severities of crop contamination. Application of atoxigenic strains has successfully reduced crop aflatoxin contamination across large areas in the United States. This strategy uses components of the endemic diversity to alter structures of A. flavus populations and improve safety of food, feed, and the overall environment. C1 [Callicott, Kenneth A.; Cotty, Peter J.] Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Grubisha, Lisa C.] Ctr Coll Danville, Danville, KY USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA, ARS, Sch Plant Sci, POB 210036, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu OI Mehl, Hillary/0000-0001-8570-3562 NR 98 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-915-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2012 VL 1273 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06800.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mycology GA BDB78 UT WOS:000312500200003 PM 23230832 ER PT J AU Allen, LH AF Allen, Lindsay H. TI Vitamin B-12 SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. EM Lindsay.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 54 EP 55 DI 10.3945/an.111.001370 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066KN UT WOS:000313219800006 PM 22332101 ER PT J AU Wellings, CR Boyd, LA Chen, XMM AF Wellings, Colin R. Boyd, Lesley A. Chen, Xianming M. BA Sharma, I BF Sharma, I TI Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat: Pathogen Biology Driving Resistance Breeding SO DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT SE CABI Plant Protection Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID F-SP TRITICI; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; MULTIPLE FUNGAL PATHOGENS; WILD EMMER WHEAT; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; YELLOW-RUST; LEAF RUST C1 [Wellings, Colin R.] Univ Sydney, Plant Breeding Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Boyd, Lesley A.] John Innes Ctr, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Chen, Xianming M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wellings, Colin R.] NSW Dept Primary Ind, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Wellings, CR (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Plant Breeding Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM Colin.Wellings@sydney.edu.au; Lesley.Boyd@bbsrc.ac.uk; Xianming@wsu.edu NR 160 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-818-5 J9 CABI PLANT PROT SER PY 2012 BP 63 EP 83 D2 10.1079/9781845938185.0000 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BBE36 UT WOS:000306648700005 ER PT J AU Cowger, C Miranda, L Griffey, C Hall, M Murphy, JP Maxwell, J AF Cowger, Christina Miranda, Lilian Griffey, Carl Hall, Marla Murphy, J. Paul Maxwell, Judd BA Sharma, I BF Sharma, I TI Wheat Powdery Mildew SO DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT SE CABI Plant Protection Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; F-SP TRITICI; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE; MULTIPLE FUNGAL PATHOGENS; RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII COSS.; RED WINTER-WHEAT C1 [Cowger, Christina; Miranda, Lilian] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Griffey, Carl] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hall, Marla] Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Wichita, KS 67204 USA. [Maxwell, Judd] Monsanto Co, Independence, IA USA. [Murphy, J. Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cowger, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM christina_cowger@ncsu.edu; Lilian.Miranda@ARS.USDA.GOV; cgriffey@vt.edu; marla.hall@limagrain.com; Paul_Murphy@ncsu.edu; juddr@michcrop.com NR 278 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-818-5 J9 CABI PLANT PROT SER PY 2012 BP 84 EP 119 D2 10.1079/9781845938185.0000 PG 36 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BBE36 UT WOS:000306648700006 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB AF Goodwin, Stephen B. BA Sharma, I BF Sharma, I TI Resistance in Wheat to Septoria Diseases Caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) and Phaeosphaeria (Stagonospora) nodorum SO DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT SE CABI Plant Protection Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MATING-TYPE GENES; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; DIALLEL ANALYSIS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; BLOTCH; CULTIVARS; HOST; PATHOGEN; IDENTIFICATION C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgood-win@purdue.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-818-5 J9 CABI PLANT PROT SER PY 2012 BP 151 EP 159 D2 10.1079/9781845938185.0000 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BBE36 UT WOS:000306648700009 ER PT S AU Novotny, JA AF Novotny, Janet A. BE Patil, BS Jayaprakasha, GK Murthy, KNC Seeram, NP TI Anthocyanin Bioavailability: Past Progress and Current Challenges SO EMERGING TRENDS IN DIETARY COMPONENTS FOR PREVENTING AND COMBATING DISEASE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agricultural and Food Derived Natural Products for Preventing and Combating Disease CY AUG 22-26, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem Inc ID STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC RATS; DIETARY FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES; BLACK-CURRANT ANTHOCYANINS; E-DEFICIENT MICE; RED GRAPE JUICE; PROTOCATECHUIC ACID; CYANIDIN 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; AMELIORATES HYPERGLYCEMIA; NONACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT AB Anthocyanins are the red, blue, and purple pigments present throughout nature. Foods rich in anthocyanins include berries, red cabbage, radish, eggplant, blue corn, and purple carrots, as well as many other red, purple, and blue fruits, vegetables, and legumes. Evidence continues to accumulate suggesting multiple roles for dietary anthocyanins in promoting health and preventing disease. Anthocyanins have been associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and cognitive decline. All of these beneficial health effects require that the anthocyanins be well-absorbed. However, bioavailability studies have suggested otherwise. New evidence is emerging that may begin to explain this incongruity. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Janet.Novotny@ars.usda.gov NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2664-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1093 BP 559 EP 568 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BDF60 UT WOS:000313024100032 ER PT J AU Lippke, B Bergman, R Taylor, A Puettmann, ME AF Lippke, Bruce Bergman, Richard Taylor, Adam Puettmann, Maureen E. TI Introduction to Special Issue Evaluating the Environmental Performance of Wood-Based Biofuels SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lippke, Bruce] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bergman, Richard] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Taylor, Adam] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Puettmann, Maureen E.] WoodLife Environm Consulting LLC, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Lippke, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM blippke@uw.edu; rbergman@fs.fed.us; AdamTaylor@utk.edu; maureen.puettmann@q.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 SI SI BP 244 EP 246 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 060EK UT WOS:000312759100001 ER PT J AU Lippke, B Gustafson, R Venditti, R Steele, P Volk, TA Oneil, E Johnson, L Puettmann, ME Skog, K AF Lippke, Bruce Gustafson, Richard Venditti, Richard Steele, Philip Volk, Timothy A. Oneil, Elaine Johnson, Leonard Puettmann, Maureen E. Skog, Kenneth TI Comparing Life-Cycle Carbon and Energy Impacts for Biofuel, Wood Product, and Forest Management Alternatives SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The different uses of wood result in a hierarchy of carbon and energy impacts that can be characterized by their efficiency in displacing carbon emissions and/or in displacing fossil energy imports, both being current national objectives. When waste wood is used for biofuels (forest or mill residuals and thinnings) fossil fuels and their emissions are reduced without significant land use changes. Short rotation woody crops can increase yields and management efficiencies by using currently underused land. Wood products and biofuels are coproducts of sustainable forest management, along with the other values forests provide, such as clean air, water, and habitat. Producing multiple coproducts with different uses that result in different values complicates carbon mitigation accounting. It is important to understand how the life-cycle implications of managing our forests and using the wood coming from our forests impacts national energy and carbon emission objectives and other forest values. A series of articles published in this issue of the Forest Products Journal reports on the life-cycle implications of producing ethanol by gasification or fermentation and producing bio-oil by pyrolysis and feedstock collection from forest residuals, thinnings, and short rotation woody crops. These are evaluated and compared with other forest product uses. Background information is provided on existing life-cycle data and methods to evaluate prospective new processes and wood uses. Alternative management, processing, and collection methods are evaluated for their different efficiencies in contributing to national objectives. C1 [Lippke, Bruce; Gustafson, Richard; Oneil, Elaine] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Venditti, Richard] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Steele, Philip] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Starkville, MS USA. [Volk, Timothy A.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Johnson, Leonard] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Puettmann, Maureen E.] WoodLife Environm Consultants LLC, Corvallis, OR USA. [Skog, Kenneth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Lippke, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM blippke@uw.edu; pulp@uw.edu; richard_venditti@ncsu.edu; psteele@CFR.MsState.edu; tavolk@esf.edu; eoneil@uw.edu; lrkmjohnson@frontier.com; Maureen.puettmann@q.com; kskog@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service through the Forest Products Laboratory FX The data in this article are primarily drawn from other articles in this special issue with many authors. The work plan was developed from a workshop of experts in the field organized by CORRIM, a consortium of 17 research institutions, with funding for the workshop and workplan largely provided by a grant from the US Forest Service through the Forest Products Laboratory, with some matching funds from private donors. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of contributing organizations. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 29 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 SI SI BP 247 EP 257 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 060EK UT WOS:000312759100002 ER PT J AU Reed, D Bergman, R Kim, JW Taylor, A Harper, D Jones, D Knowles, C Puettmann, ME AF Reed, Daniel Bergman, Richard Kim, Jae-Woo Taylor, Adam Harper, David Jones, David Knowles, Chris Puettmann, Maureen E. TI Cradle-to-Gate Life-Cycle Inventory and Impact Assessment of Wood Fuel Pellet Manufacturing from Hardwood Flooring Residues in the Southeastern United States SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS; US AB In this article, we present cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) data for wood fuel pellets manufactured in the Southeast United States. We surveyed commercial pellet manufacturers in 2010, collecting annual production data for 2009. Weighted-average inputs to, and emissions from, the pelletization process were determined. The pellet making unit process was combined with existing LCI data from hardwood flooring residues production, and a life-cycle impact assessment was conducted using the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) model. The potential bioenergy and embodied nonrenewable energy in 907 kg (1 ton, the functional unit of this study) of wood fuel pellets was also calculated. The pelletization of wood requires significant amounts of electrical energy (145 kWh/Mg), but the net bioenergy balance is positive. Wood pellets require 5.8 GJ of fossil energy to produce 17.3 GJ of bioenergy (a net balance of 10.4 GJ/Mg). However, if environmental burdens are allocated to the pellet raw material (flooring residues) by value, then the embodied fossil energy is reduced to 2.3 GJ. The pelletization unit process data collected here could be used in an assessment of the environmental impacts of pellet fuel, or when pellets are a pretreatment step in wood-based biorefinery processes. C1 [Reed, Daniel; Kim, Jae-Woo; Taylor, Adam; Harper, David] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bergman, Richard] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Kim, Jae-Woo] Nisus Corp, Rockford, TN USA. [Jones, David] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Knowles, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Puettmann, Maureen E.] WoodLife Environm Consulting LLC, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM danielreed@tennessee.edu; rbergman@fs.fed.us; AdamTaylor@utk.edu; dharper4@utk.edu; pdjones@cfr.msstate.edu; Chris.Knowles@oregonstate.edu; Maureen.puettmann@q.com OI Harper, David/0000-0003-2783-5406 FU Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture FX The work upon which this publication is based was funded in whole or in part through a grant awarded by the Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 SI SI BP 280 EP 288 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 060EK UT WOS:000312759100005 ER PT J AU Lippke, B Puettmann, ME Johnson, L Gustafson, R Venditti, R Steele, P Katers, JF Taylor, A Volk, TA Oneil, E Skog, K Budsberg, E Daystar, J Caputo, J AF Lippke, Bruce Puettmann, Maureen E. Johnson, Leonard Gustafson, Richard Venditti, Richard Steele, Philip Katers, John F. Taylor, Adam Volk, Timothy A. Oneil, Elaine Skog, Kenneth Budsberg, Erik Daystar, Jesse Caputo, Jesse TI Carbon Emission Reduction Impacts from Alternative Biofuels SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The heightened interest in biofuels addresses the national objectives of reducing carbon emissions as well as reducing dependence on foreign fossil fuels. Using life-cycle analysis to evaluate alternative uses of wood including both products and fuels reveals a hierarchy of carbon and energy impacts characterized by their efficiency in reducing carbon emissions and/or in displacing fossil energy imports. Life-cycle comparisons are developed for biofuel feedstocks (mill and forest residuals, thinnings, and short rotation woody crops) with bioprocessing (pyrolysis, gasification, and fermentation) to produce liquid fuels and for using the feedstock for pellets and heat for drying solid wood products, all of which displace fossil fuels and fossil fuel-intensive products. Fossil carbon emissions from lignocellulosic biofuels are substantially lower than emissions from conventional gasoline. While using wood to displace fossil fuel-intensive materials (such as for steel floor joists) is much more effective in reducing carbon emissions than using biofuels to directly displace fossil fuels, displacing transportation fuels with ethanol provides the opportunity to also reduce dependence on imported energy. The complex nature of wood uses and how wood fuels and products interact in their environments, as well as the methods needed to understand these impacts and summarize the relative benefits of different alternatives, are discussed herein. Policies designed to increase biofuel use by subsidies or mandates may increase prices enough to divert biomass feedstock away from producing products, such as for composite panels, resulting in increased emissions from fossil fuel-intensive substitutes. Policies that fail to consider life-cycle implications are discussed, identifying their unintended consequences. C1 [Lippke, Bruce; Oneil, Elaine; Budsberg, Erik] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Puettmann, Maureen E.] WoodLife Environm Consultants LLC, Corvallis, OR USA. [Johnson, Leonard] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Venditti, Richard; Daystar, Jesse] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Steele, Philip] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Starkville, MS USA. [Katers, John F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. [Taylor, Adam] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Volk, Timothy A.; Caputo, Jesse] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Skog, Kenneth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Lippke, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM blippke@uw.edu; Maureen.puettmann@q.com; lrkmjohnson@frontier.com; pulp@uw.edu; richardv@ncsu.edu; psteele@CFR.MsState.edu; katersj@uwgb.edu; AdamTaylor@utk.edu; tavolk@esf.edu; eoneil@uw.edu; kskog@fs.fed.us; budsberg@uw.edu; jsdaysta@grnail.com; jcaputo@syr.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 29 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 4 SI SI BP 296 EP 304 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 060EK UT WOS:000312759100007 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Bestelmeyer, BT AF Brown, Joel R. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. BE Monaco, TA Sheley, RL TI Managing Invasive Species in Heterogeneous Ecosystems SO INVASIVE PLANT ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT: LINKING PROCESSES TO PRACTICE SE CABI Invasives Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VEGETATION DYNAMICS; HERBACEOUS BIOMASS; TRANSITION MODELS; PLANT INVASION; SHRUB INVASION; RANGELANDS; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; STATE; PATTERNS C1 [Brown, Joel R.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM joelbrow@nmsu.edu; bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-811-6 J9 CABI INVASIVE SER PY 2012 BP 3 EP 18 D2 10.1079/9781845938116.0000 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDE24 UT WOS:000312935400003 ER PT J AU Morris, LR AF Morris, Lesley R. BE Monaco, TA Sheley, RL TI Land-use Legacy Effects of Cultivation on Ecological Processes SO INVASIVE PLANT ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT: LINKING PROCESSES TO PRACTICE SE CABI Invasives Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LAND; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; FORMER ARABLE FIELDS; OLD-FIELDS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SCHINUS-TEREBINTHIFOLIUS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; VEGETATION PATTERNS; FOREST REGENERATION C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Morris, LR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N,1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM lesleyrmorris@gmail.com NR 127 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-811-6 J9 CABI INVASIVE SER PY 2012 BP 36 EP 56 D2 10.1079/9781845938116.0000 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDE24 UT WOS:000312935400005 ER PT J AU Leffler, AJ Ryel, RJ AF Leffler, A. Joshua Ryel, Ronald J. BE Monaco, TA Sheley, RL TI Resource Pool Dynamics: Conditions That Regulate Species Interactions and Dominance SO INVASIVE PLANT ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT: LINKING PROCESSES TO PRACTICE SE CABI Invasives Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; BROMUS-TECTORUM INVASION; SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; GREAT-BASIN; WATER-USE; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; HYDRAULIC LIFT; SOIL-MOISTURE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS C1 [Leffler, A. Joshua] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ryel, Ronald J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ryel, Ronald J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Leffler, AJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N,1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM josh.leffler@usu.edu; ron.ryel@usu.edu NR 190 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-811-6 J9 CABI INVASIVE SER PY 2012 BP 57 EP 78 D2 10.1079/9781845938116.0000 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDE24 UT WOS:000312935400006 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Cho, J Schneider, JM AF Hardegree, Stuart P. Cho, Jaepil Schneider, Jeanne M. BE Monaco, TA Sheley, RL TI Weather Variability, Ecological Processes, and Optimization of Soil Micro-environment for Rangeland Restoration SO INVASIVE PLANT ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT: LINKING PROCESSES TO PRACTICE SE CABI Invasives Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INVASIVE-PLANT MANAGEMENT; GRASS SEEDLING EMERGENCE; CRESTED WHEAT-GRASS; GERMINATION RESPONSE; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; SEEDBED PREPARATION; DOMINATED RANGELAND; SEASONAL FORECASTS; CLIMATE PREDICTION; INTRODUCED GRASSES C1 [Hardegree, Stuart P.; Cho, Jaepil] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Schneider, Jeanne M.] ARS, USDA, Great Plains Agroclimate & Nat Resources Res Unit, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM stuart.hardegree@ars.usda.gov; jaepil.cho@ars.usda.gov; jeanne.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 128 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-811-6 J9 CABI INVASIVE SER PY 2012 BP 107 EP 121 D2 10.1079/9781845938116.0000 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDE24 UT WOS:000312935400008 ER PT J AU James, JJ AF James, Jeremy J. BE Monaco, TA Sheley, RL TI Species Performance: the Relationship Between Nutrient Availability, Life History Traits, and Stress SO INVASIVE PLANT ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT: LINKING PROCESSES TO PRACTICE SE CABI Invasives Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; SOIL-NITROGEN; PERENNIAL GRASSES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; MINERAL-NUTRITION; NATIVE GRASSES; WILD PLANTS; COMPETITION C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jeremy.james@oregonstate.edu NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-811-6 J9 CABI INVASIVE SER PY 2012 BP 142 EP 153 D2 10.1079/9781845938116.0000 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDE24 UT WOS:000312935400010 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, Vincent M. BE Russo, VM TI Peppers Botany, Production and Uses Preface SO PEPPERS: BOTANY, PRODUCTION AND USES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, 911 Hwy 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-767-6 PY 2012 BP XIX EP XX D2 10.1079/9781845937676.0000 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BDE60 UT WOS:000312955000001 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Albrecht, E AF Stommel, John R. Albrecht, Elena BE Russo, VM TI Genetics SO PEPPERS: BOTANY, PRODUCTION AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PEPPER CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT-ROT; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CAPSANTHIN-CAPSORUBIN SYNTHASE; RESTORER-OF-FERTILITY; CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC SEQUENCE; POTYVIRUS RESISTANCE GENES; FOLIAR BLIGHT RESISTANCE C1 [Stommel, John R.] ARS, USDA, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Albrecht, Elena] Keygene Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 244 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-767-6 PY 2012 BP 29 EP 56 D2 10.1079/9781845937676.0000 PG 28 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BDE60 UT WOS:000312955000004 ER EF