FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bian, QN Gao, SS Zhou, JL Qin, J Taylor, A Johnson, EJ Tang, GW Sparrow, JR Gierhart, D Shang, F AF Bian, Qingning Gao, Shasha Zhou, Jilin Qin, Jian Taylor, Allen Johnson, Elizabeth J. Tang, Guangwen Sparrow, Janet R. Gierhart, Dennis Shang, Fu TI Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation reduces photooxidative damage and modulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Lutein; Zeaxanthin; RPE; Photooxidation; Proteasome; Inflammation ID COMPLEMENT FACTOR-H; NF-KAPPA-B; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME PATHWAY; AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; MACULAR DEGENERATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CONJUGATING ENZYMES; PROTEOLYTIC PATHWAY AB Oxidative damage and inflammation are related to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Epidemiologic studies suggest that insufficient dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake or lower serum zeaxanthin levels are associated with increased risk for AMD. The objective of this work is to test the protective effects of lutein and zeaxanthin against photooxidative damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and oxidation-induced changes in expression of inflammation-related genes. To mimic lipofuscin-mediated photooxidation in vivo, we used ARPE-19 cells that accumulated A2E, a lipofuscin fluorophore and photosensitizer, as a model system to investigate the effects of lutein and, zeaxanthin supplementation. The data show that supplementation with lutein or zeaxanthin in the medium resulted in accumulation of lutein or zeaxanthin in the RPE cells. The concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in the cells were 2- to 14-fold of that detected in the medium, indicating that ARPE-19 cells actively take up lutein or zeaxanthin. As compared with untreated cells, exposure of A2E-containing RPE to blue light resulted in a 40-60% decrease in proteasome activity, a 50-80% decrease in expression of CFH and MCP-1, and an similar to 20-fold increase in expression of IL-8. The photooxidation-induced changes in expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and CFH were similar to those caused by chemical inhibition of the proteasome, suggesting that inactivation of the proteasome is involved in the photooxidation-induced alteration in expression of these inflammation-related genes. Incubation of the A2E-containing RPE with lutein or zeaxanthin prior to blue light exposure significantly attenuated the photooxidation-induced inactivation of the proteasome and photooxidation-induced changes in expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and CFH. Together, these data indicate that lutein or zeaxanthin modulates inflammatory responses in cultured RPE in response to photooxidation. Protecting the proteasome from oxidative inactivation appears to be one of the mechanisms by which lutein and zeaxanthin modulate the inflammatory response. Similar mechanisms may explain salutary effects of lutein and zeaxanthin in reducing the risk for AMD. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bian, Qingning; Gao, Shasha; Qin, Jian; Taylor, Allen; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Tang, Guangwen; Shang, Fu] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bian, Qingning; Gao, Shasha; Shang, Fu] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhongshan Ophthalm Ctr, State Key Lab Ophthalmol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Jilin; Sparrow, Janet R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Gierhart, Dennis] Zeavision LLC, Chesterfield, MO 63005 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu FU USDA AFRI Award [2009-35200-05014]; NIH Grant [EY 011717]; USDA Contract [1950-510000-060-01A]; Dennis L. Gierhart Charitable Gift Fund FX This work is supported by USDA AFRI Award 2009-35200-05014, NIH Grant EY 011717, USDA Contract 1950-510000-060-01A, and Dennis L. Gierhart Charitable Gift Fund. NR 111 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1298 EP 1307 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.024 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 007QS UT WOS:000308903800009 PM 22732187 ER PT J AU Lipka, AE Tian, F Wang, QS Peiffer, J Li, M Bradbury, PJ Gore, MA Buckler, ES Zhang, ZW AF Lipka, Alexander E. Tian, Feng Wang, Qishan Peiffer, Jason Li, Meng Bradbury, Peter J. Gore, Michael A. Buckler, Edward S. Zhang, Zhiwu TI GAPIT: genome association and prediction integrated tool SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID WIDE ASSOCIATION; MODEL; SAMPLES AB Software programs that conduct genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction and selection need to use methodologies that maximize statistical power, provide high prediction accuracy and run in a computationally efficient manner. We developed an R package called Genome Association and Prediction Integrated Tool (GAPIT) that implements advanced statistical methods including the compressed mixed linear model (CMLM) and CMLM-based genomic prediction and selection. The GAPIT package can handle large datasets in excess of 10 000 individuals and 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms with minimal computational time, while providing user-friendly access and concise tables and graphs to interpret results. C1 [Tian, Feng; Li, Meng; Buckler, Edward S.; Zhang, Zhiwu] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lipka, Alexander E.; Bradbury, Peter J.; Buckler, Edward S.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Qishan] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Peiffer, Jason; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Meng] Nanjing Agr Univ, Ctr Pear Engn Technol Res, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gore, Michael A.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Zhang, ZW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zhiwu.zhang@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Zhang, Zhiwu/0000-0002-5784-9684 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467, DBI0820619, DBI-0922493]; United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service FX National Science Foundation (grants DBI-0321467, DBI0820619, and DBI-0922493); United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service. NR 15 TC 209 Z9 210 U1 12 U2 69 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 18 BP 2397 EP 2399 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts444 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 002LA UT WOS:000308532300066 PM 22796960 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Dubey, JP AF Jones, Jeffrey L. Dubey, J. P. TI Foodborne Toxoplasmosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GONDII TISSUE CYSTS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; HIGH PREVALENCE; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; MILITARY RECRUITS; HUMAN CONSUMPTION AB Toxoplasmosis can be due to congenital infection or acquired infection after birth and is one of the leading illnesses associated with foodborne hospitalizations and deaths. Undercooked meat, especially pork, lamb, and wild game meat, and soil contaminated with cat feces on raw fruits and vegetables are the major sources of foodborne transmission for humans. The new trend in the production of free-range organically raised meat could increase the risk of Toxoplasma gondii contamination of meat. Foodborne transmission can be prevented by production practices that reduce T. gondii in meat, adequate cooking of meat, washing of raw fruits and vegetables, prevention of cross contamination in the kitchen, and measures that decrease spread of viable oocysts into the environment. C1 [Jones, Jeffrey L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Agr Res Inst, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Bld 24,1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop A-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jlj1@cdc.gov NR 70 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 55 IS 6 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.1093/cid/cis508 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 995LF UT WOS:000308008900017 PM 22618566 ER PT J AU Goebel, PC Palik, BJ Pregitzer, KS AF Goebel, P. Charles Palik, Brian J. Pregitzer, Kurt S. TI Structure and composition of riparian forests in an old-growth northern hardwood-hemlock watershed SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Riparian; Ecotone; Gradient analysis; Reference condition; Michigan ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; USA; OREGON; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; HIERARCHIES; DISTURBANCE; SIMULATION; CALIFORNIA AB We examined riparian areas in an old-growth northern hardwood watershed of the Porcupine Mountains, Upper Michigan, focusing on how stream valley geomorphology and associated factors influence the structure and composition of both the overstory and ground-flora vegetation. We collected data from 92 transects stratified among three different geomorphic settings characteristic of portions of the northern Lake States, including a low-gradient, bedrock controlled geomorphic type, a high-gradient bedrock controlled geomorphic type, and a clay lake plain geomorphic type. Individual transects extended from the stream channel to at least 40 m into the adjacent uplands, with transects arrayed roughly perpendicular to streamflow. Along each transect we collected: (1) overstory basal area, species composition, and canopy closure data on a series of 100 m(2) plots; (2) ground-flora species composition on a series of 1 m(2) plots; and (3) physiographic data (e.g., distance from and elevation above the stream, landform) collected across each transect. Overall, the structure and composition of overstory and ground-flora vegetation is ordered along a complex environmental gradient running from the stream channel into the adjacent uplands. Additionally, our multivariate analyses suggest that the structure and composition of the overstory and ground-flora is related to specific valley floor landforms, as well as distance from and elevation above the bankfull stream channel. Conifer basal area increases across the valley floor landforms (flood-plains, terraces, and hillslopes or valley walls) in all three geomorphic settings, while hardwood basal area remains relatively constant across these same landforms. Hardwood basal area, however, dominates the adjacent upland forest ecosystems in all but the clay lake plain geomorphic type which is characterized by fine-textured soils. In all three geomorphic settings, the near stream environment often lacks a significant overstory component, and these fluvial surfaces are often dominated by a mixture of woody shrub and herbaceous species. These results suggest that changes in vegetation are associated with the proximity of the stream, and these patterns are influenced strongly by large-scale landscape factors such as stream valley geomorphology and associated disturbances. Additionally, our results provide much-needed baseline information on the vegetation patterns and dynamics of riparian forests in the northern Lake States, and suggest that riparian areas may require different management strategies than the adjacent upland forest ecosystems. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Goebel, PC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM goebel.11@osu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; School of Forestry and Wood Products, Michigan Technological University FX We thank Anitra Bennett, Michelle Jarvi and Anita Risch for their assistance with extensive field work, data entry, and initial data summarization. Additional thanks to Peg Gale, Jiquan Chen, and Marie Semko-Duncan provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Finally, we thank the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station and the School of Forestry and Wood Products, Michigan Technological University, for supporting this research financially. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 280 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.037 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991HZ UT WOS:000307693400007 ER PT J AU Hanberry, BB Kabrick, JM He, HS Palik, BJ AF Hanberry, Brice B. Kabrick, John M. He, Hong S. Palik, Brian J. TI Historical trajectories and restoration strategies for the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley; General Land Office; Historical forests; Reference condition ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; EASTERN COTTONWOOD; ILLINOIS; ECOLOGY; OAK; USA; AFFORESTATION; REFORESTATION; PATTERNS AB Unlike upland forests in the eastern United States, little research is available about the composition and structure of bottomland forests before Euro-American settlement. To provide a historical reference encompassing spatial variation for the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, we quantified forest types, species distributions, densities, and stocking of historical forests using General Land Office (GLO) records from Missouri. For modeling historical species distributions, we applied random forests classification and predictor variables included terrain and soil characteristics. Historical forest types predominantly were sweetgum, black and white oak, and elm. Contemporary forests increased in maples and hickories, which are replacing sweetgum and oaks. Forest densities increased from 215 to 350 trees/ha to 350 to 400 trees/ha for trees >= 12.7 DBH. Basal area historically was greater by a factor of 1.6-2.6 and percent stocking historically was full, except in an open oak-dominated ecosystem, whereas forests today have lower stocking comprised of young, small diameter trees. Land types, elevation, and soil texture determined historical species distributions, and we expect that with loss of fire and flooding, ecological separation by site factors has become less influential for current species distribution. Selection of sweetgum and oaks for planting would restore historical composition better than planting of ash and other shade-tolerant species, which promotes conversion to forest types under undisturbed conditions rather than restoration of forests under historical disturbance regimes. We also recommend managing for large diameter trees by thinning to promote more rapid growth of residual trees. Although there is uncertainty in historical reconstruction, these results provide new information about the presence and spatial variability of sweetgum and oak in historical forests of the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley and post-settlement transformation of alluvial landscapes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanberry, Brice B.; He, Hong S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kabrick, John M.] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Hanberry, BB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hanberryb@missouri.edu; jkabrick@fs.fed.us; heh@missouri.edu; bpalik@fs.fed.us OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU The National Fire Plan, USDA Forest Service FX The National Fire Plan, USDA Forest Service, funded this research. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 280 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.033 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991HZ UT WOS:000307693400012 ER PT J AU Maloney, PE Vogler, DR Jensen, CE Mix, AD AF Maloney, Patricia E. Vogler, Detlev R. Jensen, Camille E. Mix, Annette Delfino TI Ecology of whitebark pine populations in relation to white pine blister rust infection in subalpine forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA: Implications for restoration SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Branch cankers; Cone production; Cronartium ribicola; Demographics; Environmental conditions; Fecundity ID CLARKS NUTCRACKER; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SEED DISPERSAL; SUGAR PINE; PATHOGEN; ESTABLISHMENT; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES; ADAPTATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS AB For over a century, white pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by the introduced fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., has affected white pine (Subgenus Straus) individuals, populations, and associated forest communities in North America. We surveyed eight populations of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) across a range of environmental conditions in subalpine forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada, to determine how WPBR is influencing host fecundity (i.e., female cone production and recruitment), survival, and current population trends. In this region and throughout its range whitebark pine is an important component of subalpine ecosystems. In high-elevation forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin, the primary negative effect of this rust pathogen on whitebark pine is infection and mortality of cone-bearing branches. Mean incidence of WPBR among whitebark pine populations was 35% and ranged from 1% to 65%. Given the high disease incidence, relationships were found between WPBR infection and reproductive output. Percent of individuals infected per population (R-2 = 0.78), average number of WPBR-infected branches per population (R-2 = 0.71), and severity of stem girdling (R-2 = 0.76) were all negatively related with cone production. A positive relationship was found between disease severity (i.e., extent of stem girdling) and available water capacity and a negative relationship was found between disease severity and % sand content. Environmental conditions, including soil properties, may affect pathogen growth and potentially influence the rate at which green infected trees lose the ability to produce female cones. Demographic trends for 7 of 8 whitebark pine populations were stable, with estimates of geometric growth rate (lambda) >= 1.0. Population stability is a function of adequate population sizes, mixed-size structure, high survivorship, and moderate fecundity. Results show that WPBR is adversely affecting fecundity but having little effect on survivorship. Restoration strategies are designed to facilitate whitebark pine recruitment and deploy genetically diverse seedling material and potentially WPBR-resistant phenotypes. Our study highlights a need for long-term demographic data and monitoring of WPBR-infection to better understand population consequences and host responses in the future. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maloney, Patricia E.; Jensen, Camille E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vogler, Detlev R.; Mix, Annette Delfino] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Maloney, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pemaloney@ucdavis.edu FU Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act - Round 7; USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank Tom Burt for field assistance and cone collections and Clay DeLong for GIS maps. Additionally, we thank David Fournier, Don Lane (USDA Forest Service - LTBMU), Bill Champion (Nevada State Parks), Woody Loftis (USDA NRCS, South Lake Tahoe, CA) and Audrey Newman (Heavenly Mountain Resort) for site information, permission to work on Federal and State lands, and access to Heavenly Mountain ski area. We thank Brian Geils and Erik Jules for critical comments on an earlier draft. This work was supported by the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act - Round 7, sponsored by the USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 280 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.025 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991HZ UT WOS:000307693400018 ER PT J AU Choi, M Kustas, WP Ray, RL AF Choi, Minha Kustas, William P. Ray, Ram L. TI Evapotranspiration models of different complexity for multiple land cover types SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration (ET); Priestley-Taylor (P-T); reference Penman-Monteith (P-M); Common Land Model (CLM) ID SOIL-MOISTURE; PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; ENERGY FLUXES; WATER-BALANCE; EVAPORATION; VARIABILITY; RADIATION; KOREA AB A comparison between half-hourly and daily measured and computed evapotranspiration (ET) using three models of different complexity, namely, the PriestleyTaylor (P-T), the reference PenmanMonteith (P-M) and the Common Land Model (CLM), was conducted using three AmeriFlux sites under different land cover and climate conditions (i.e. arid grassland, temperate forest and subhumid cropland). Using the reference P-M model with a semiempirical soil moisture function to adjust for water-limiting conditions yielded ET estimates in reasonable agreement with the observations [root mean square error (RMSE) of 6487?W?m-2 for half-hourly and RMSE of 0.51.9?mm?day-1 for daily] and similar to the complex Common Land Model (RMSE of 6094?W?m-2 for half-hourly and RMSE of 0.42.1?mm?day-1 for daily) at the grassland and cropland sites. However, the semiempirical soil moisture function was not applicable particularly for the P-T model at the forest site, suggesting that adjustments to key model variables may be required when applied to diverse land covers. On the other hand, under certain land cover/environmental conditions, the use of microwave-derived soil moisture information was found to be a reliable metric of regional moisture conditions to adjust simple ET models for water-limited cases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of the simplified methods for different landscapes. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Choi, Minha] Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Kustas, William P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ray, Ram L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Choi, M (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 222 Wangsimni Ro, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM mchoi@hanyang.ac.kr RI Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 FU National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0005005]; Hydrological Survey Center, Korea FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0005005). Partial support from a grant ( development of the spatial mapping for ET and soil moisture using remote sensing data) by the Hydrological Survey Center, Korea, is greatly acknowledged. The data were provided by AmeriFlux network (http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/). The authors thank the researchers for their field data collection efforts. USDA now requires us to have in our publications the following: USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. They also thank graduate assistant Kyotaek Hwang for his assistance. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 19 BP 2962 EP 2972 DI 10.1002/hyp.8346 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 993YN UT WOS:000307896400011 ER PT J AU Yan, L DeMars, LC AF Yan, Lin DeMars, Lana C. TI Dietary supplementation with methylseleninic acid, but not selenomethionine, reduces spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE selenium; methylseleninic acid; metastasis; urokinase; angiogenesis; mouse ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; MELANOMA-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; TUMOR-GROWTH; IN-VIVO; SELENIUM; SYSTEM; RECEPTOR AB The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with methylseleninic acid (MSeA), in comparison with selenomethionine (SeMet), on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in male C57BL/6 mice using intramuscular and subcutaneous injection models. Mice were fed AIN93G control diet or that diet supplemented with MSeA or SeMet at 2.5 mg selenium/kg for 4 weeks at which time they were injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously with 2.5 x 105 viable LLC cells. Experiments were terminated 2 weeks later for mice injected intramuscularly or 2 weeks after surgical removal of primary tumors from mice subcutaneously injected with cancer cells. Dietary supplementation with MSeA significantly reduced pulmonary metastatic yield when compared with the controls (p < 0.05) in both models; however, SeMet did not have such an effect. Supplementation with MSeA significantly decreased plasma concentrations of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (p < 0.05) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MSeA significantly reduced plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.05), fibroblast growth factor basic (p < 0.05) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (p < 0.05) when compared with the controls. Selenomethionine did not affect any of the aforementioned measurements. These results demonstrate that MSeA reduces spontaneous metastasis of LLC in mice, perhaps through inhibition of the urokinase plasminogen activator system and reducing angiogenesis. C1 [Yan, Lin; DeMars, Lana C.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lin.yan@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS [5450-51000-045-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following staff of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center: James Lindlauf for preparing experimental diets, Kay Keehr for technical supports, Craig Lacher and William Martin for conducting Se analysis, and vivarium staff for providing high quality animal care. Supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Research project 5450-51000-045-00D. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 131 IS 6 BP 1260 EP 1266 DI 10.1002/ijc.27355 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 978JD UT WOS:000306735700025 PM 22095442 ER PT J AU Markowski-Lindsay, M Catanzaro, P Damery, D Kittredge, DB Butler, BJ Stevens, T AF Markowski-Lindsay, Marla Catanzaro, Paul Damery, David Kittredge, David B. Butler, Brett J. Stevens, Thomas TI Forest-based biomass supply in Massachusetts: How much is there and how much is available SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest biomass supply; Owner attitudes; Bioenergy ID MANAGEMENT; OWNERS AB Forest owners in Massachusetts (U.S.) live in a densely populated state and near forestland that is under pressure of development and characterized by small parcel size. Forest-based biomass harvesting in Massachusetts is a renewable energy topic generating a great deal of discussion among all constituents. To provide perspective on these discussions, our analysis asks how much forested land in Massachusetts could be available for biomass supply. This analysis considers the level of bioenergy production that could be maintained on an annual basis given the amount of woody biomass that is likely to be supplied from private- and state-owned Massachusetts forests, which comprises nearly 90% of the state's forests. Applying the most recent information on forest ownership and owner attitudes in Massachusetts, we estimate that between 80,000 and 369,000 dry tons/year of available wood-based biomass from forest management practices on private- and state-owned forests, or between 1.4 trillion and 6.2 trillion BTUs/year. These estimates represent between 0.09% and 0.42% of all Massachusetts residential, commercial and industrial annual consumption. These estimates are well below Kelty et al.'s (2008) estimate of 891,000 dry tons/year; the largest factors in this reduction are the reduced contribution of biomass due to social constraints and the amount of state land considered to be open to active management. Conversations regarding the use of biomass and its impacts on forests, as well as the development of biomass-related policy, should consider the supply of biomass that is likely available. While overall forest inventory estimates suggest one degree of availability, our research suggests that this needs to be tempered with the reality of ownership size and owner attitudes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Markowski-Lindsay, Marla; Catanzaro, Paul; Damery, David; Kittredge, David B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] Family Forest Res Ctr, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Stevens, Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Markowski-Lindsay, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM marla@eco.umass.edu; cat@umext.umass.edu; ddamery@eco.umass.edu; dbk@eco.umass.edu; bbutler01@fs.fed.us; tstevens@isenberg.umass.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U. S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS009582] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U. S. Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Department of Environmental Conservation, under Project No. MAS009582. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the Department of Environmental Conservation assisted in the study design; data collection, analysis, and interpretation; report writing and decision to submit for publication. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 106 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.051 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969IX UT WOS:000306050000001 PM 22562005 ER PT J AU Barnhart, BL Eichinger, WE Prueger, JH AF Barnhart, B. L. Eichinger, W. E. Prueger, J. H. TI Introducing an Ogive method for discontinuous data SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Empirical mode decomposition (EMD); Ogive; Data gaps ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION AB Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a spectral decomposition algorithm, which acts as a dyadic filter in the time-domain when extracting periodic components from turbulent atmospheric data. A new development in the algorithm allows it to work with discontinuous data. This investigation uses the discontinuous form of EMD (DEMD) to develop a new Ogive function, or cumulative flux calculation, which may be used with atmospheric data containing data gaps. The method is simple and effective, and will extend the utility of Ogives. The code is written in Matlab and available for use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnhart, B. L.; Eichinger, W. E.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Prueger, J. H.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barnhart, BL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, 100 C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM bradleybarnhart@gmail.com NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 162 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.003 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965KY UT WOS:000305767900006 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Runion, GB Torbert, HA Idso, SB Kimball, BA AF Prior, S. A. Runion, G. B. Torbert, H. A. Idso, S. B. Kimball, B. A. TI Sour orange fine root distribution after seventeen years of atmospheric CO2 enrichment SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus aurantium; Elevated CO2; Root dry weight density; Root length density ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; LONGLEAF PINE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH; TREES; WATER; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Long-term (more than 15 years) effects of elevated CO2 on belowground responses of trees have received limited attention in the literature. We report on a study in which sour orange trees (Citrus aurantium L.) grown in an Avondale loam in Phoenix, AZ, were exposed to ambient and elevated (ambient + 300 mu mol mol(-1)) levels of atmospheric CO2 for 17 years. At study termination, soil cores were collected to determine how long-term CO2 enrichment affected horizontal (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m from each tree) and vertical (0-105 cm in 15 cm increments) standing crop fine root dry weight and length. Overall, elevated CO2 increased both root length (35.6%) and root dry weight (39.1%) densities. There was no effect of CO2 concentration on horizontal root distribution patterns. However, significant CO2 by depth interactions were noted for both root length and root dry weight densities with differences occurring only in the top two depths. Elevated CO2 increased fine root length density by 64.5 and 57.2% at the 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths. Respective increases for root dry weight were 80.3 and 82.8%. These large responses occurred under water and nutrient supplies typical of orchard conditions and suggest that long-term citrus productivity can be enhanced under future levels of atmospheric CO2. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prior, S. A.; Runion, G. B.; Torbert, H. A.] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Idso, S. B.] Ctr Study Carbon Dioxide & Global Change, Tempe, AZ 85285 USA. [Kimball, B. A.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM steve.prior@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35100-14919] FX Support from the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (grant number 2004-35100-14919) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are indebted to Barry G. Dorman, Jerry W. Carrington, and John H. Walden for technical assistance. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 162 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.014 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965KY UT WOS:000305767900009 ER PT J AU Song, JQ Shellie, KC Wang, H Qian, MC AF Song, Jianqiang Shellie, Krista C. Wang, Hua Qian, Michael C. TI Influence of deficit irrigation and kaolin particle film on grape composition and volatile compounds in Merlot grape (Vitis vinifera L.) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Merlot grape; Kaolin; Irrigation; Aroma potentials; Volatile compounds; SBSE-GC-MS ID CABERNET-SAUVIGNON GRAPES; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SENSORY ATTRIBUTES; WINE; AROMA; VINE; FLAVOR; PRECURSORS; CHARDONNAY; BERRIES AB The effect of deficit irrigation and a kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film (PF) on grape composition and volatile compounds in Merlot grapes was investigated over two growing seasons in semi-arid, southwestern Idaho. Vines were provided with differential amounts of water based on their estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout berry development, and particle film was applied to half of the vines in each irrigation main plot. Free and bound volatile compounds in grapes were analyzed using stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS). The concentrations of free C-6 compounds (hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol) decreased, and bound terpene alcohols (nerol and geraniol) and C-13-norisoprenoids (beta-damascenone, 3-hydroxy-beta-damascenone, 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, and 3-oxo-alpha-ionol) increased in berries each year in response to severity of vine water stress. Concentrations of C-13-norisoprenoids and bound forms of nerol and geraniol were positively correlated with their concentrations in the corresponding wines. Particle film application had minimum effect on free and bound volatile composition in the grapes, and there was no interactive effect between particle film and deficit irrigation. However, particle film application enhanced the total amount of berry anthocyanins. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Jianqiang; Qian, Michael C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Song, Jianqiang; Wang, Hua] NW A&F Univ, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Shellie, Krista C.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Qian, MC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Michael.qian@oregonstate.edu FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research (NCSFR), USA; China Scholarship Council [2009630125, 2010630200] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research (NCSFR), USA and China Scholarship Council (No. 2009630125, and No. 2010630200). NR 41 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 2 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.193 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 947MC UT WOS:000304433100030 PM 23107699 ER PT J AU Zhang, XT Breksa, AP Mishchuk, DO Fake, CE O'Mahony, MA Slupsky, CM AF Zhang, Xiaotian Breksa, Andrew P., III Mishchuk, Darya O. Fake, Cindy E. O'Mahony, Michael A. Slupsky, Carolyn M. TI Fertilisation and pesticides affect mandarin orange nutrient composition SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; Citrus; Mandarin orange; Satsuma; Foliar fertilisation; Pesticide; Metabolomics ID SENSORY EVALUATION; GAMMA-RADIATION; QUALITY; MODELS; L. AB The effects of the application of foliar fertilisation and pesticide on nutritional quality of mandarin orange juices were evaluated using H-1 NMR metabolomics. Significant differences between the use of fertiliser and pesticides during fruit formation were observed, and included changes in sugar, amino acid and organic acid composition. To determine whether the difference in sugar concentration was enough for the consumer to detect, a sensory experiment was performed in which two orange juice samples were prepared to resemble the sweet/sour taste balance of juice from mandarin oranges in which foliar fertilisation was either applied or not. In a test using non-trained individuals, 68% could correctly identify which juice had a sourer, or less sweet, taste. The implications of this study could impact citrus growers, and ultimately aid in development of fruit with superior sensory quality. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaotian; Mishchuk, Darya O.; O'Mahony, Michael A.; Slupsky, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Slupsky, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Breksa, Andrew P., III] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Fake, Cindy E.] UC Cooperat Extens Placer & Nevada Counties, Auburn, CA 95603 USA. RP Slupsky, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cslupsky@ucdavis.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2012 VL 134 IS 2 BP 1020 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.218 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 947MC UT WOS:000304433100053 PM 23107722 ER PT J AU Ronsted, N Symonds, MRE Birkholm, T Christensen, SB Meerow, AW Molander, M Molgaard, P Petersen, G Rasmussen, N van Staden, J Stafford, GI Jager, AK AF Ronsted, Nina Symonds, Matthew R. E. Birkholm, Trine Christensen, Soren Brogger Meerow, Alan W. Molander, Marianne Molgaard, Per Petersen, Gitte Rasmussen, Nina van Staden, Johannes Stafford, Gary I. Jager, Anna K. TI Can phylogeny predict chemical diversity and potential medicinal activity of plants? A case study of amaryllidaceae SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amaryllidaceae; Phylogeny; Chemical diversity; Prediction; Lead discovery ID CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; SECONDARY METABOLITES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SEQUENCE DATA; ALKALOIDS; DEFENSE; GALANTHAMINE; SYSTEMATICS; CHARACTERS; FAMILIES AB Background: During evolution, plants and other organisms have developed a diversity of chemical defences, leading to the evolution of various groups of specialized metabolites selected for their endogenous biological function. A correlation between phylogeny and biosynthetic pathways could offer a predictive approach enabling more efficient selection of plants for the development of traditional medicine and lead discovery. However, this relationship has rarely been rigorously tested and the potential predictive power is consequently unknown. Results: We produced a phylogenetic hypothesis for the medicinally important plant subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae) based on parsimony and Bayesian analysis of nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial DNA sequences of over 100 species. We tested if alkaloid diversity and activity in bioassays related to the central nervous system are significantly correlated with phylogeny and found evidence for a significant phylogenetic signal in these traits, although the effect is not strong. Conclusions: Several genera are non-monophyletic emphasizing the importance of using phylogeny for interpretation of character distribution. Alkaloid diversity and in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and binding to the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) are significantly correlated with phylogeny. This has implications for the use of phylogenies to interpret chemical evolution and biosynthetic pathways, to select candidate taxa for lead discovery, and to make recommendations for policies regarding traditional use and conservation priorities. C1 [Ronsted, Nina; Petersen, Gitte; Stafford, Gary I.] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Bot Garden, DK-1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Birkholm, Trine; Christensen, Soren Brogger; Molander, Marianne; Molgaard, Per; Rasmussen, Nina; Jager, Anna K.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Symonds, Matthew R. E.] Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Meerow, Alan W.] USDA ARS SHRS, Miami, FL USA. [Meerow, Alan W.] Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [van Staden, Johannes] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Res Ctr Plant Growth & Dev, Sch Life Sci, ZA-3201 Scottsville, South Africa. RP Ronsted, N (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Bot Garden, Solvgade 83, DK-1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM nronsted@snm.ku.dk RI Ronsted, Nina/A-5065-2013; Petersen, Gitte/H-1903-2011; Stafford, Gary/E-8668-2011; OI Ronsted, Nina/0000-0002-2002-5809; Petersen, Gitte/0000-0002-2325-0059; Stafford, Gary/0000-0003-0198-0955; Christensen, Soren Brogger/0000-0002-5773-6874 FU Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences [09-063972, 272-06-0436]; Marie Curie Incoming Fellowship from the European Commission [235167]; Lundbeck Foundation; Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Foundation; Brodrene Hartmanns Foundation FX K. Krydsfeldt and C. Hansen are thanked for technical assistance. This research was supported by a Steno grant 'PHYLODRUGS' (No 09-063972) to NR and a grant (No 272-06-0436) to Ole Seberg and GP, both grants from the Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences; a Marie Curie Incoming Fellowship (No 235167) from the European Commission to GS and NR; and grants from the Lundbeck Foundation, Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Foundation and Brodrene Hartmanns Foundation to NR. NR 88 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 74 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 182 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-12-182 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 037OZ UT WOS:000311117700001 PM 22978363 ER PT J AU Larsen, PA Smith, TPL AF Larsen, Peter A. Smith, Timothy P. L. TI Application of circular consensus sequencing and network analysis to characterize the bovine IgG repertoire SO BMC IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antibody diversity; Bos taurus; SMRT sequencing; Immunoglobulin G ID ANTIGEN-BINDING REPERTOIRE; EXCEPTIONALLY LONG CDR3H; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; H GENE FAMILY; V-H; CELL REPERTOIRE; HEAVY-CHAINS; CATTLE; REGION; ANTIBODIES AB Background: Vertebrate immune systems generate diverse repertoires of antibodies capable of mediating response to a variety of antigens. Next generation sequencing methods provide unique approaches to a number of immuno-based research areas including antibody discovery and engineering, disease surveillance, and host immune response to vaccines. In particular, single-molecule circular consensus sequencing permits the sequencing of antibody repertoires at previously unattainable depths of coverage and accuracy. We approached the bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoire with the objective of characterizing diversity of expressed IgG transcripts. Here we present single-molecule real-time sequencing data of expressed IgG heavy-chain repertoires of four individual cattle. We describe the diversity observed within antigen binding regions and visualize this diversity using a network-based approach. Results: We generated 49,945 high quality cDNA sequences, each spanning the entire IgG variable region from four Bos taurus calves. From these sequences we identified 49,521 antigen binding regions using the automated Paratome web server. Approximately 9% of all unique complementarity determining 2 (CDR2) sequences were of variable lengths. A bimodal distribution of unique CDR3 sequence lengths was observed, with common lengths of 5-6 and 21-25 amino acids. The average number of cysteine residues in CDR3s increased with CDR3 length and we observed that cysteine residues were centrally located in CDR3s. We identified 19 extremely long CDR3 sequences (up to 62 amino acids in length) within IgG transcripts. Network analyses revealed distinct patterns among the expressed IgG antigen binding repertoires of the examined individuals. Conclusions: We utilized circular consensus sequencing technology to provide baseline data of the expressed bovine IgG repertoire that can be used for future studies important to livestock research. Somatic mutation resulting in base insertions and deletions in CDR2 further diversifies the bovine antibody repertoire. In contrast to previous studies, our data indicate that unusually long CDR3 sequences are not unique to IgM antibodies in cattle. Centrally located cysteine residues in bovine CDR3s provide further evidence that disulfide bond formation is likely of structural importance. We hypothesize that network or cluster-based analyses of expressed antibody repertoires from controlled challenge experiments will help identify novel natural antigen binding solutions to specific pathogens of interest. C1 [Larsen, Peter A.; Smith, Timothy P. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Genet & Breeding Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Genet & Breeding Unit, State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM tim.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2172 J9 BMC IMMUNOL JI BMC Immunol. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 52 DI 10.1186/1471-2172-13-52 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 040VW UT WOS:000311354300001 PM 22978666 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Kunec, D Buza, JJ Chiang, HI Zhou, HJ Subramaniam, S Pendarvis, K Cheng, HH Burgess, SC AF Kumar, Shyamesh Kunec, Dusan Buza, Joram J. Chiang, Hsin-I Zhou, Huaijun Subramaniam, Sugalesini Pendarvis, Ken Cheng, Hans H. Burgess, Shane C. TI Nuclear Factor kappa B is central to Marek's Disease herpesvirus induced neoplastic transformation of CD30 expressing lymphocytes in-vivo SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; Lymphomas; Meq; NF-kappa B; Genetic resistance; CD30; Proteomics ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CHICKEN SPLEEN-CELLS; NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; V-REL ONCOPROTEIN; T-CELLS; CYSTATIN-C; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Background: Marek's Disease (MD) is a hyperproliferative, lymphomatous, neoplastic disease of chickens caused by the oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2; MDV). Like several human lymphomas the neoplastic MD lymphoma cells overexpress the CD30 antigen (CD30(hi)) and are in minority, while the non-neoplastic cells (CD30(lo)) form the majority of population. MD is a unique natural in-vivo model of human CD30(hi) lymphomas with both natural CD30(hi) lymphomagenesis and spontaneous regression. The exact mechanism of neoplastic transformation from CD30(lo) expressing phenotype to CD30(hi) expressing neoplastic phenotype is unknown. Here, using microarray, proteomics and Systems Biology modeling; we compare the global gene expression of CD30(lo) and CD30(hi) cells to identify key pathways of neoplastic transformation. We propose and test a specific mechanism of neoplastic transformation, and genetic resistance, involving the MDV oncogene Meq, host gene products of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kappa B) family and CD30; we also identify a novel Meq protein interactome. Results: Our results show that a) CD30(lo) lymphocytes are pre-neoplastic precursors and not merely reactive lymphocytes; b) multiple transformation mechanisms exist and are potentially controlled by Meq; c) Meq can drive a feed-forward cycle that induces CD30 transcription, increases CD30 signaling which activates NF-kappa B, and, in turn, increases Meq transcription; d) Meq transcriptional repression or activation of the CD30 promoter generally correlates with polymorphisms in the CD30 promoter distinguishing MD-lymphoma resistant and susceptible chicken genotypes e) MDV oncoprotein Meq interacts with proteins involved in physiological processes central to lymphomagenesis. Conclusions: In the context of the MD lymphoma microenvironment (and potentially in other CD30(hi) lymphomas as well), our results show that the neoplastic transformation is a continuum and the non-neoplastic cells are actually pre-neoplastic precursor cells and not merely immune bystanders. We also show that NF-kappa B is a central player in MDV induced neoplastic transformation of CD30-expressing lymphocytes in vivo. Our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation in MD specifically and also herpesvirus induced lymphoma in general. C1 [Kumar, Shyamesh] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kunec, Dusan] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Virol, Berlin, Germany. [Buza, Joram J.] Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci & Bioengn, Arusha, Tanzania. [Chiang, Hsin-I] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Bioengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zhou, Huaijun] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Subramaniam, Sugalesini] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Comparat Med & Integrat Biol Grad Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pendarvis, Ken; Burgess, Shane C.] Univ Arizona, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cheng, Hans H.; Burgess, Shane C.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM skumar@cvm.msstate.edu; sburgess@cals.arizona.edu OI Kumar, Shyamesh/0000-0001-9261-2263 FU USDA NRI [2006-35204-16549] FX This paper was supported by USDA NRI 2006-35204-16549. NR 142 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 123 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-6-123 PG 19 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 028SR UT WOS:000310443300001 PM 22979947 ER PT J AU Du, JY Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Cosh, MH Li, L Hornbuckle, BK Kabela, ED AF Du, Jinyang Jackson, Thomas J. Bindlish, Rajat Cosh, Michael H. Li, Li Hornbuckle, Brian K. Kabela, Erik D. TI Effect of dew on aircraft-based passive microwave observations over an agricultural domain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE dew; microwave emissivity; SMEX05; vegetation; airborne polarimetric microwave imaging radiometer ID AMSR-E; LAND; RETRIEVAL; EMISSION; SURFACES; WATER AB Microwave remote sensing can provide reliable measurements of surface soil moisture. However, some land surface conditions can have a perturbing influence on soil moisture retrievals. In the soil moisture experiments in 2005 (SMEX05), we attempted to contribute to the understanding of the effect of dew using concurrent ground and aircraft observations. Early morning flights were conducted with an airborne microwave radiometer from June 19 to July 2, 2005, in Iowa, USA over an agricultural domain. Results of the experiment indicated that dew had a small but measurable effect on the observed 10.7-GHz brightness temperatures. The results indicate that the H-pol emissivity increased 0.015 to 0.04 for the corn sites, 0.014 to 0.02 for soybean, and 0.01 for forest sites as dew evaporated. These results suggest that the presence of dew decreases X-band land surface emissivity slightly and the effect of dew varies with vegetation types. Our findings are consistent with other works in the literature that has found that the effect of dew depends on both the type of vegetation and the wavelength of observation, but further studies should be conducted to verify this hypothesis. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063571] C1 [Du, Jinyang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Du, Jinyang] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Du, Jinyang; Jackson, Thomas J.; Bindlish, Rajat; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Li] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hornbuckle, Brian K.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kabela, Erik D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Du, JY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM djy@irsa.ac.cn NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063571 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063571 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 032FI UT WOS:000310697800003 ER PT J AU Lee, BH Eskandari, R Jones, K Reddy, KR Quezada-Calvillo, R Nichols, BL Rose, DR Hamaker, BR Pinto, BM AF Lee, Byung-Hoo Eskandari, Razieh Jones, Kyra Reddy, Kongara Ravinder Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto Nichols, Buford L. Rose, David R. Hamaker, Bruce R. Pinto, B. Mario TI Modulation of Starch Digestion for Slow Glucose Release through "Toggling" of Activities of Mucosal alpha-Glucosidases SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MALTASE-GLUCOAMYLASE; MEDICINE SALACIA-RETICULATA; SULFONIUM SULFATE STRUCTURE; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; DISACCHARIDE DIGESTION; ENZYME SPECIFICITIES; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; ACARBOSE; AMYLASE AB Starch digestion involves the breakdown by alpha-amylase to small linear and branched malto-oligosaccharides, which are in turn hydrolyzed to glucose by the mucosal alpha-glucosidases, maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI). MGAM and SI are anchored to the small intestinal brush-border epithelial cells, and each contains a catalytic N- and C-terminal subunit. All four subunits have alpha-1,4-exohydrolytic glucosidase activity, and the SI N-terminal subunit has an additional exo-debranching activity on the alpha-1,6-linkage. Inhibition of alpha-amylase and/or alpha-glucosidases is a strategy for treatment of type 2 diabetes. We illustrate here the concept of "toggling": differential inhibition of subunits to examine more refined control of glucogenesis of the alpha-amylolyzed starch malto-oligosaccharides with the aim of slow glucose delivery. Recombinant MGAM and SI subunits were individually assayed with alpha-amylolyzed waxy corn starch, consisting mainly of maltose, maltotriose, and branched alpha-limit dextrins, as substrate in the presence of four different inhibitors: acarbose and three sulfonium ion compounds. The IC50 values show that the four alpha-glucosidase subunits could be differentially inhibited. The results support the prospect of controlling starch digestion rates to induce slow glucose release through the toggling of activities of the mucosal alpha-glucosidases by selective enzyme inhibition. This approach could also be used to probe associated metabolic diseases. C1 [Lee, Byung-Hoo; Hamaker, Bruce R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Eskandari, Razieh; Reddy, Kongara Ravinder; Pinto, B. Mario] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jones, Kyra; Rose, David R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Fac Ciencias Quim, CIEP, San Luis Potosi 78360, Mexico. [Nichols, Buford L.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Nichols, Buford L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hamaker, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, Smith Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hamakerb@purdue.edu; bpinto@sfu.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [111237]; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario [NA-6305]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canadian Digestive Health Foundation studentship FX This work was supported in part by Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant 111237 and Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Grant NA-6305.; Supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canadian Digestive Health Foundation studentship. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 287 IS 38 BP 31929 EP 31938 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112.351858 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 009XT UT WOS:000309059400032 PM 22851177 ER PT J AU Mariner, JC House, JA Mebus, CA Sollod, AE Chibeu, D Jones, BA Roeder, PL Admassu, B Van't Klooster, GGM AF Mariner, Jeffrey C. House, James A. Mebus, Charles A. Sollod, Albert E. Chibeu, Dickens Jones, Bryony A. Roeder, Peter L. Admassu, Berhanu Van't Klooster, Gijs G. M. TI Rinderpest Eradication: Appropriate Technology and Social Innovations SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; EAST-AFRICA; PERSISTENCE; SERVICES; PREVENT; VACCINE; HUMANS; IMPACT; VIRUS AB Rinderpest is only the second infectious disease to have been globally eradicated. In the final stages of eradication, the virus was entrenched in pastoral areas of the Greater Horn of Africa, a region with weak governance, poor security, and little infrastructure that presented profound challenges to conventional control methods. Although the eradication process was a development activity rather than scientific research, its success owed much to several seminal research efforts in vaccine development and epidemiology and showed what scientific decision-making and management could accomplish with limited resources. The keys to success were the development of a thermostable vaccine and the application of participatory epidemiological techniques that allowed veterinary personnel to interact at a grassroots level with cattle herders to more effectively target control measures. C1 [Mariner, Jeffrey C.; Sollod, Albert E.] Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [House, James A.; Mebus, Charles A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Chibeu, Dickens] African Union Interafrican Bur Anim Resources, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Jones, Bryony A.] Univ London, Royal Vet Coll, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. [Roeder, Peter L.] Taurus Anim Hlth, Headley Down GU35 8SY, Hants, England. [Admassu, Berhanu] Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Feinstein Int Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Van't Klooster, Gijs G. M.] United Nations Food & Agr Org, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Mariner, JC (reprint author), Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. EM j.mariner@cgiar.org FU U.S. Agency for International Development FX The eradication of rinderpest was a global undertaking that received support from a wide range of national governments and international agencies. Principal support for the later stages of eradication was provided by the European Union. The U.S. Agency for International Development supported research leading to the thermostable rinderpest vaccine. Preparation of this manuscript was supported by the International Livestock Research Institute and Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6100 BP 1309 EP 1312 DI 10.1126/science.1223805 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 004TW UT WOS:000308705000033 PM 22984063 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Parelman, MA Freytag, TL Stephensen, CB Kelley, DS Mackey, BE Woodhouse, LR Bonnel, EL AF Zunino, Susan J. Parelman, Mardi A. Freytag, Tammy L. Stephensen, Charles B. Kelley, Darshan S. Mackey, Bruce E. Woodhouse, Leslie R. Bonnel, Ellen L. TI Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Strawberries; Obesity; Lipids; Inflammation ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PARTICLE-SIZE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AB Obesity is a strong risk factor for the development of CVD, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The overall goal of the present pilot study was to feed strawberries, in the form of freeze-dried powder, to obese subjects to determine whether dietary strawberries beneficially altered lipid profiles and reduced blood markers of inflammation compared with a control intervention. A total of twenty healthy subjects (thirteen females and seven males) aged between 20 and 50 years with a BMI between 30 and 40 kg/m(2) completed the present 7-week double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial. Each subject received a prepared diet 7 d/week for 7 weeks consisting of approximately 35% of energy from fat, 20% protein, 45% carbohydrate and 14 g fibre. Blood was collected on days 1 and 8 for baseline information. After the first week, subjects were randomly assigned to the strawberry powder (equivalent to four servings of frozen strawberries) or control (strawberry-flavoured) intervention for 3 weeks. For the remaining 3 weeks, subjects crossed over to the opposite intervention. Blood was collected again at the end of weeks 3, 4, 6 and 7. A comprehensive chemistry panel, lipid profile analyses and measurement of inflammatory mediators were performed for each blood draw. A 3-week dietary intervention with strawberry powder reduced plasma concentrations of cholesterol and small HDL-cholesterol particles, and increased LDL particle size in obese subjects (P<0.05). Dietary strawberry powder reduced risk factors for CVD, stroke and diabetes in obese volunteers, suggesting a potential role for strawberries as a dietary means to decrease obesity-related disease. C1 [Zunino, Susan J.; Freytag, Tammy L.; Stephensen, Charles B.; Kelley, Darshan S.; Woodhouse, Leslie R.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Parelman, Mardi A.; Bonnel, Ellen L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] ARS, USDA, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Current Research Information System [5306-51 530-013-00D, 5306-51 530-018-00D]; California Strawberry Commission FX This study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Current Research Information System project no. 5306-51 530-013-00D and 5306-51 530-018-00D, and a grant from the California Strawberry Commission. S. J. Z. is a member of the scientific advisory committee for the California Strawberry Commission. The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors' contributions were as follows: S. J. Z., C. B. S., D. S. K. and E. L. B. designed the research; T. L. F. and L. R. W. conducted the research; S. J. Z., M. A. P. and B. E. M. analysed the data; S. J. Z. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors and had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 5 BP 900 EP 909 DI 10.1017/S0007114511006027 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 000DB UT WOS:000308365600016 PM 22068016 ER PT J AU Poudel, A Elsasser, TH Rahman, KS Chowdhury, EU Kaltenboeck, B AF Poudel, Anil Elsasser, Theodore H. Rahman, Kh. Shamsur Chowdhury, Erfan U. Kaltenboeck, Bernhard TI Asymptomatic Endemic Chlamydia pecorum Infections Reduce Growth Rates in Calves by up to 48 Percent SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; CHLAMYDOPHILA-ABORTUS; BINDING-PROTEINS; HIGH PREVALENCE; FACTOR-I; CATTLE; PSITTACI; FEED AB Intracellular Chlamydia (C.) bacteria cause in cattle some acute but rare diseases such as abortion, sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, pneumonia, enteritis and polyarthritis. More frequent, essentially ubiquitous worldwide, are low-level, asymptomatic chlamydial infections in cattle. We investigated the impact of these naturally acquired infections in a cohort of 51 female Holstein and Jersey calves from birth to 15 weeks of age. In biweekly sampling, we measured blood/plasma markers of health and infection and analyzed their association with clinical appearance and growth in dependence of chlamydial infection intensity as determined by mucosal chlamydial burden or contemporaneous anti-chlamydial plasma IgM. Chlamydia 23S rRNA gene PCR and ompA genotyping identified only C. pecorum (strains 1710S, Maeda, and novel strain Smith3v8) in conjunctival and vaginal swabs. All calves acquired the infection but remained clinically asymptomatic. High chlamydial infection associated with reduction of body weight gains by up to 48% and increased conjunctival reddening (P<10(-4)). Simultaneously decreased plasma albumin and increased globulin (P<10(-4)) suggested liver injury by inflammatory mediators as mechanisms for the growth inhibition. This was confirmed by the reduction of plasma insulin like growth factor-1 at high chlamydial infection intensity (P<10(-4)). High anti-C. pecorum IgM associated eight weeks later with 66% increased growth (P = 0.027), indicating a potential for immune protection from C. pecorum-mediated growth depression. The worldwide prevalence of chlamydiae in livestock and their high susceptibility to common feed-additive antibiotics suggests the possibility that suppression of chlamydial infections may be a major contributor to the growth promoting effect of feed-additive antibiotics. C1 [Poudel, Anil; Rahman, Kh. Shamsur; Chowdhury, Erfan U.; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Elsasser, Theodore H.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Poudel, A (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kaltebe@auburn.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Hatch Grant of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station [ALA051-1-10012] FX This study was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Hatch Grant ALA051-1-10012 of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44961 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044961 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007AD UT WOS:000308860100034 PM 23024776 ER PT J AU Casey, TA Connell, TD Holmes, RK Whipp, SC AF Casey, Thomas A. Connell, Terry D. Holmes, Randall K. Whipp, Shannon C. TI Evaluation of heat-labile enterotoxins type IIa and type IIb in the pathogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli for neonatal pigs SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enterotoxin; Escherichia coli; Diarrhea; Type II heat-labile enterotoxin; Porcine; Bovine; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ID VIRULENCE FACTORS; COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; DNA-SEQUENCES; LT-II; DIARRHEA; TOXIN; GENES; CLONING; PROBES; MODEL AB Type II heat-labile enterotoxins (LT-II) have been reported in Escherichia coli isolates from humans, animals, food and water samples. The goal here was to determine the specific roles of the antigenically distinguishable LT-IIa and LT-IIb subtypes in pathogenesis and virulence of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) which has not been previously reported. The prevalence of genes encoding for LT-II was determined by colony blot hybridization in a collection of 1648 E. coli isolates from calves and pigs with diarrhea or other diseases and from healthy animals. Only five isolates hybridized with the LT-II probe and none of these isolates contained genes for other enterotoxins or adhesins associated with porcine or bovine ETEC. Ligated intestinal loops in calves, pigs, and rabbits were used to determine the potential of purified LT-IIa and LT-IIb to cause intestinal secretion. LT-IIa and LT-IIb caused significant secretion in the intestinal loops in calves but not in the intestinal loops of rabbits or pigs. In contrast, neonatal pigs inoculated with isogenic adherent E. coli containing the cloned genes for LT-I, IT-IIa or LT-IIb developed severe watery diarrhea with weight loss that was significantly greater than pigs inoculated with the adherent, non-toxigenic parental or vector only control strains. The results demonstrate that the incidence of LT-II appeared to be very low in porcine and bovine E. coli. However, a potential role for these enterotoxins in E. coli-mediated diarrhea in animals was confirmed because purified LT-IIa and LT-IIb caused fluid secretion in bovine intestinal loops and adherent isogenic strains containing cloned genes encoding for LT-IIa or LT-IIb caused severe diarrhea in neonatal pigs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Casey, Thomas A.; Whipp, Shannon C.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Connell, Terry D.] SUNY Buffalo, Witebsky Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunol, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Connell, Terry D.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. [Holmes, Randall K.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Casey, TA (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70,1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Thomas.casey@ars.usda.gov OI Connell, Terry/0000-0002-2676-8363 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.018 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 996UY UT WOS:000308121500011 PM 22480773 ER PT J AU Levine, UY Bearson, SMD Stanton, TB AF Levine, Uri Y. Bearson, Shawn M. D. Stanton, Thad B. TI Mitsuokella jalaludinii inhibits growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Fermentation acids; Swine; Mitsuokella; Growth inhibition; Probiotic ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; IN-VITRO; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; BROILER-CHICKENS; MEAL DIETS; SP NOV.; LACTOBACILLUS; POULTRY AB Salmonella continues to be a significant human health threat, and the objective of this study was to identify microorganisms with the potential to improve porcine food-safety through their antagonism of Salmonella. Anaerobic culture supernatants of 973 bacterial isolates from the gastrointestinal tract and feces of swine were screened for their capacity to inhibit the growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Growth inhibition of 1000-fold or greater was observed from 16 isolates, and 16S rRNA sequencing identified the isolates as members of the genera Mitsuokella, Escherichia/Shigella, Anaerovibrio, Selenomonas, and Streptococcus. Four isolates were identified as Mitsuokella jalaludinii, and the mechanism of Salmonella Typhimurium growth inhibition by M. jalaludinii was further investigated. M. jalaludinii stationary phase culture supernatants were observed to significantly inhibit growth, and featured the production of lactic, succinic, and acetic acids. Aerobic and anaerobic S. Typhimurium growth was restored when the pH of the culture supernatants (pH 4.6) was increased to pH 6.8. However, S. Typhimurium growth in fermentation acid-free media was the same at pH 4.6 and pH 6.8 - indicating a synergistic effect between fermentation acid production and low pH as the cause of S. Typhimurium growth inhibition. Furthermore, exposure of S. Typhimurium to M. jalaludinii culture supernatants inhibited Salmonella invasion of HEp-2 cells by 10-fold. The results identify M. jalaludinii as a possible inhibitor of Salmonella growth and invasion in swine, and thus a potential probiotic capable of improving food safety. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Levine, Uri Y.; Bearson, Shawn M. D.; Stanton, Thad B.] ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety & Enter Pathogens Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Thad.Stanton@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS CRIS funds FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Stephanie Jones, Deb Lebo, Jennifer Jones, Sam Humphrey, Darrell Bayles, Heather Allen, Torey Looft, and Loren Jones. This research was supported by the USDA, ARS CRIS funds. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 14 PY 2012 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.027 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 996UY UT WOS:000308121500015 PM 22503601 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD AF Riitters, Kurt H. Wickham, James D. TI Decline of forest interior conditions in the conterminous United States SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER DATABASE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; DEFORESTATION; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; PATTERN; MODELS; BIRDS AB Forest fragmentation threatens the sustainability of forest interior environments, thereby endangering subordinate ecological attributes and functions. We analyzed the spatial patterns of forest loss and gain for the conterminous United States from 2001 to 2006 to determine whether forest interior environments were maintained at five spatial scales. A1.1% net loss of total forest area translated to net losses of 3.2% to 10.5% of forest interior area over spatial scales of 4.41 ha to 5,310 ha. At the 65.6-ha scale, the reduction of forest interior area was 50,000 km(2) - almost double the net loss of total forest area. The pervasive discrepancy between total forest loss and forest interior loss indicates a widespread shift of the extant forest to more fragmented conditions, even in regions exhibiting small net changes in extant forest area. In the conterminous United States, trends in total forest area underestimate threats to forest from forest fragmentation. C1 [Riitters, Kurt H.] USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wickham, James D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development FX We thank Kevin Potter, John Coulston and Brad Smith for comments. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 653 DI 10.1038/srep00653 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 006GH UT WOS:000308807000001 PM 22977728 ER PT J AU Motta, D Abad, JD Langendoen, EJ Garcia, MH AF Motta, D. Abad, J. D. Langendoen, E. J. Garcia, M. H. TI The effects of floodplain soil heterogeneity on meander planform shape SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIVER BANK EROSION; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; STREAMBANK EROSION; UPSTREAM INFLUENCE; INCISED STREAMS; COMPUTER-MODEL; BOUNDARY SHEAR; BEND THEORY; CHANNEL; ERODIBILITY AB Past analytical studies of meander planform development have mostly focused on the complexity of the governing equations, i.e., hydrodynamics, and less so on the stream bank resistance to erosion, whose spatial heterogeneity is difficult to describe deterministically. This motivated the use of a Monte Carlo approach to examine the effects of floodplain soils and their distribution on planform development, with the goal of including bank erosion properties in the analysis. Simulated bank erosion rates are controlled by the resistance to hydraulic erosion of the bank soils using an excess shear stress approach. The spatial distribution of critical shear stress across the floodplain is delineated on a rectangular, equidistant grid with varying degrees of variability. The corresponding erodibility coefficient is computed using a field-derived empirical relation. For a randomly disturbed distribution, in which the mean resistance to erosion exponentially increases away from the valley centerline, two relevant parameters are identified: the standard deviation of the critical shear stress distribution, which controls skewness and variability of the channel centerline, and the cross-valley increase in soil resistance, which constrains lateral migration and also affects bend skewness. For a purely random distribution, migrated centerlines exhibit larger variability for increasing spatial scales of floodplain soil heterogeneity. For equal stochastic variability of the corresponding governing parameters, relating meander migration to hydraulic erosion of the bank soils produces more variability and shape complexity than the "classic" bank migration approach of Ikeda et al. (1981), which relates migration rate to excess velocity at the outer bank. Finally, the proposed stochastic approach provides a foundation for estimating a suitable spatial density of measurements to characterize the physical properties of floodplain soils and vegetation. C1 [Motta, D.; Garcia, M. H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Abad, J. D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Langendoen, E. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Motta, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 301 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dmotta2@illinois.edu OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [58-6408-8-265]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Pittsburgh FX This research was supported by an agreement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station and using funds provided by the Bureau of Land Management through the sale of public lands as authorized by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. This work was performed under Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6408-8-265 between the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory. Jorge D. Abad's participation was supported by his academic start-up funding provided by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Pittsburgh. Eric Waschle Prokocki is also acknowledged for the interesting discussions on floodplain soil patterns. Several comments and constructive criticism by four reviewers helped to improve this contribution. Their help is herewith acknowledged. NR 85 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W09518 DI 10.1029/2011WR011601 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 007MG UT WOS:000308891800002 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Useche, DC Rendeiro, J Kalka, M Bradshaw, CJA Sloan, SP Laurance, SG Campbell, M Abernethy, K Alvarez, P Arroyo-Rodriguez, V Ashton, P Benitez-Malvido, J Blom, A Bobo, KS Cannon, CH Cao, M Carroll, R Chapman, C Coates, R Cords, M Danielsen, F De Dijn, B Dinerstein, E Donnelly, MA Edwards, D Edwards, F Farwig, N Fashing, P Forget, PM Foster, M Gale, G Harris, D Harrison, R Hart, J Karpanty, S Kress, WJ Krishnaswamy, J Logsdon, W Lovett, J Magnusson, W Maisels, F Marshall, AR McClearn, D Mudappa, D Nielsen, MR Pearson, R Pitman, N van der Ploeg, J Plumptre, A Poulsen, J Quesada, M Rainey, H Robinson, D Roetgers, C Rovero, F Scatena, F Schulze, C Sheil, D Struhsaker, T Terborgh, J Thomas, D Timm, R Urbina-Cardona, JN Vasudevan, K Wright, SJ Arias-G, JC Arroyo, L Ashton, M Auzel, P Babaasa, D Babweteera, F Baker, P Banki, O Bass, M Bila-Isia, I Blake, S Brockelman, W Brokaw, N Bruhl, CA Bunyavejchewin, S Chao, JT Chave, J Chellam, R Clark, CJ Clavijo, J Congdon, R Corlett, R Dattaraja, HS Dave, C Davies, G Beisiegel, BD da Silva, RD Di Fiore, A Diesmos, A Dirzo, R Doran-Sheehy, D Eaton, M Emmons, L Estrada, A Ewango, C Fedigan, L Feer, F Fruth, B Willis, JG Goodale, U Goodman, S Guix, JC Guthiga, P Haber, W Hamer, K Herbinger, I Hill, J Huang, ZL Sun, IF Ickes, K Itoh, A Ivanauskas, N Jackes, B Janovec, J Janzen, D Jiangming, M Jin, C Jones, T Justiniano, H Kalko, E Kasangaki, A Killeen, T King, HB Klop, E Knott, C Kone, I Kudavidanage, E Ribeiro, JLD Lattke, J Laval, R Lawton, R Leal, M Leighton, M Lentino, M Leonel, C Lindsell, J Ling-Ling, L Linsenmair, KE Losos, E Lugo, A Lwanga, J Mack, AL Martins, M McGraw, WS McNab, R Montag, L Thompson, JM Nabe-Nielsen, J Nakagawa, M Nepal, S Norconk, M Novotny, V O'Donnell, S Opiang, M Ouboter, P Parker, K Parthasarathy, N Pisciotta, K Prawiradilaga, D Pringle, C Rajathurai, S Reichard, U Reinartz, G Renton, K Reynolds, G Reynolds, V Riley, E Rodel, MO Rothman, J Round, P Sakai, S Sanaiotti, T Savini, T Schaab, G Seidensticker, J Siaka, A Silman, MR Smith, TB de Almeida, SS Sodhi, N Stanford, C Stewart, K Stokes, E Stoner, KE Sukumar, R Surbeck, M Tobler, M Tscharntke, T Turkalo, A Umapathy, G van Weerd, M Rivera, JV Venkataraman, M Venn, L Verea, C de Castilho, CV Waltert, M Wang, B Watts, D Weber, W West, P Whitacre, D Whitney, K Wilkie, D Williams, S Wright, DD Wright, P Xiankai, L Yonzon, P Zamzani, F AF Laurance, William F. Useche, D. Carolina Rendeiro, Julio Kalka, Margareta Bradshaw, Corey J. A. Sloan, Sean P. Laurance, Susan G. Campbell, Mason Abernethy, Kate Alvarez, Patricia Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor Ashton, Peter Benitez-Malvido, Julieta Blom, Allard Bobo, Kadiri S. Cannon, Charles H. Cao, Min Carroll, Richard Chapman, Colin Coates, Rosamond Cords, Marina Danielsen, Finn De Dijn, Bart Dinerstein, Eric Donnelly, Maureen A. Edwards, David Edwards, Felicity Farwig, Nina Fashing, Peter Forget, Pierre-Michel Foster, Mercedes Gale, George Harris, David Harrison, Rhett Hart, John Karpanty, Sarah Kress, W. John Krishnaswamy, Jagdish Logsdon, Willis Lovett, Jon Magnusson, William Maisels, Fiona Marshall, Andrew R. McClearn, Deedra Mudappa, Divya Nielsen, Martin R. Pearson, Richard Pitman, Nigel van der Ploeg, Jan Plumptre, Andrew Poulsen, John Quesada, Mauricio Rainey, Hugo Robinson, Douglas Roetgers, Christiane Rovero, Francesco Scatena, Frederick Schulze, Christian Sheil, Douglas Struhsaker, Thomas Terborgh, John Thomas, Duncan Timm, Robert Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas Vasudevan, Karthikeyan Wright, S. Joseph Arias-G, Juan Carlos Arroyo, Luzmila Ashton, Mark Auzel, Philippe Babaasa, Dennis Babweteera, Fred Baker, Patrick Banki, Olaf Bass, Margot Bila-Isia, Inogwabini Blake, Stephen Brockelman, Warren Brokaw, Nicholas Bruehl, Carsten A. Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh Chao, Jung-Tai Chave, Jerome Chellam, Ravi Clark, Connie J. Clavijo, Jose Congdon, Robert Corlett, Richard Dattaraja, H. S. Dave, Chittaranjan Davies, Glyn Beisiegel, Beatriz de Mello da Silva, Rosa de Nazarepaes Di Fiore, Anthony Diesmos, Arvin Dirzo, Rodolfo Doran-Sheehy, Diane Eaton, Mitchell Emmons, Louise Estrada, Alejandro Ewango, Corneille Fedigan, Linda Feer, Francois Fruth, Barbara Willis, Jacalyn Giacalone Goodale, Uromi Goodman, Steven Guix, Juan C. Guthiga, Paul Haber, William Hamer, Keith Herbinger, Ilka Hill, Jane Huang, Zhongliang Sun, I. Fang Ickes, Kalan Itoh, Akira Ivanauskas, Natalia Jackes, Betsy Janovec, John Janzen, Daniel Jiangming, Mo Jin, Chen Jones, Trevor Justiniano, Hermes Kalko, Elisabeth Kasangaki, Aventino Killeen, Timothy King, Hen-biau Klop, Erik Knott, Cheryl Kone, Inza Kudavidanage, Enoka Ribeiro, Jose Lahoz da Silva Lattke, John Laval, Richard Lawton, Robert Leal, Miguel Leighton, Mark Lentino, Miguel Leonel, Cristiane Lindsell, Jeremy Ling-Ling, Lee Linsenmair, K. Eduard Losos, Elizabeth Lugo, Ariel Lwanga, Jeremiah Mack, Andrew L. Martins, Marlucia McGraw, W. Scott McNab, Roan Montag, Luciano Thompson, Jo Myers Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob Nakagawa, Michiko Nepal, Sanjay Norconk, Marilyn Novotny, Vojtech O'Donnell, Sean Opiang, Muse Ouboter, Paul Parker, Kenneth Parthasarathy, N. Pisciotta, Katia Prawiradilaga, Dewi Pringle, Catherine Rajathurai, Subaraj Reichard, Ulrich Reinartz, Gay Renton, Katherine Reynolds, Glen Reynolds, Vernon Riley, Erin Roedel, Mark-Oliver Rothman, Jessica Round, Philip Sakai, Shoko Sanaiotti, Tania Savini, Tommaso Schaab, Gertrud Seidensticker, John Siaka, Alhaji Silman, Miles R. Smith, Thomas B. de Almeida, Samuel Soares Sodhi, Navjot Stanford, Craig Stewart, Kristine Stokes, Emma Stoner, Kathryn E. Sukumar, Raman Surbeck, Martin Tobler, Mathias Tscharntke, Teja Turkalo, Andrea Umapathy, Govindaswamy van Weerd, Merlijn Rivera, Jorge Vega Venkataraman, Meena Venn, Linda Verea, Carlos de Castilho, Carolina Volkmer Waltert, Matthias Wang, Benjamin Watts, David Weber, William West, Paige Whitacre, David Whitney, Ken Wilkie, David Williams, Stephen Wright, Debra D. Wright, Patricia Xiankai, Lu Yonzon, Pralad Zamzani, Franky TI Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTINCTION; FRAGMENTS; DEFORESTATION; RESERVES; AMAZON; WORLD AB The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon(1-3). With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental stresses(4-9). As pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical constraint in addressing this question has been that data describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31 functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified across the world's major tropical regions. Our analysis reveals great variation in reserve 'health': about half of all reserves have been effective or performed passably, but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them. These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the likelihood of serious biodiversity declines. C1 [Laurance, William F.; Sloan, Sean P.; Laurance, Susan G.; Campbell, Mason; Edwards, David; Edwards, Felicity; Logsdon, Willis; Roetgers, Christiane] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia. 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EM bill.laurance@jcu.edu.au RI Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/A-8574-2013; Sloan, Sean/A-8630-2012; Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt/E-1173-2015; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011; Lu, Xiankai/M-2127-2014; IBIS, INMUNOVIROLOGI/O-9246-2015; Waltert, Matthias/E-9134-2010; Lattke, John/K-2934-2015; Maisels, Fiona/E-7382-2015; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; Bradshaw, Corey/A-1311-2008; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/B-5447-2008; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; Tscharntke, Teja/N-5123-2014; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-3992-2014; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Sheil, Douglas/A-3867-2015; Bruhl, Carsten/F-3385-2012; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; Montag, Luciano/I-1485-2012; Stoner, Kathryn/E-1510-2015; Raman, Sukumar/C-9809-2013; Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor/C-9255-2009; Rainey, Hugo/I-6047-2012; Ivanauskas, Natalia/C-2224-2012; Whitney, Kenneth/B-2971-2011; Forget, Pierre-Michel/B-4355-2009; Cannon, Charles/D-7186-2012; van Weerd, Merlijn/K-6790-2013; Williams, Stephen/A-7250-2008; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-5891-2010 OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124; Corlett, Richard/0000-0002-2508-9465; Campbell, Mason/0000-0001-6803-271X; Pearson, Richard/0000-0001-6047-031X; Abernethy, Katharine/0000-0002-0393-9342; Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo/0000-0002-2389-5631; Harris, David/0000-0002-6801-2484; Bruhl, Carsten/0000-0003-1332-535X; Sloan, Sean/0000-0002-7834-0203; Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt/0000-0002-8941-6031; Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933; Lattke, John/0000-0002-6793-3003; Maisels, Fiona/0000-0002-0778-0615; Bradshaw, Corey/0000-0002-5328-7741; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/0000-0002-4174-8467; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Sheil, Douglas/0000-0002-1166-6591; Stoner, Kathryn/0000-0002-9964-1697; Ivanauskas, Natalia/0000-0001-6643-8476; Whitney, Kenneth/0000-0002-2523-5469; Forget, Pierre-Michel/0000-0002-9252-974X; Cannon, Charles/0000-0003-1901-0420; Williams, Stephen/0000-0002-2510-7408; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/0000-0002-0716-9525 FU James Cook University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Australian Laureate Fellowship; NSF [RCN-0741956] FX The study was supported by James Cook University, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, an Australian Laureate Fellowship (to W. F. L.) and NSF grant RCN-0741956. We thank A. Bruner, R. A. Butler, G. R. Clements, R. Condit, C. N. Cook, S. Goosem, J. Geldmann, L. Joppa, S. L. Pimm and O. Venter for comments. NR 30 TC 249 Z9 258 U1 67 U2 778 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 489 IS 7415 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1038/nature11318 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003UC UT WOS:000308635900041 PM 22832582 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Choi, SH Kozukue, N Kim, HJ Friedman, M AF Chen, Ming-Hsuan Choi, Suk Hyun Kozukue, Nobuyake Kim, Hyun-Jeong Friedman, Mendel TI Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Pigmented Rice Bran Extracts and Three Red Bran Fractions against Human Cancer Cells: Relationships with Composition and Antioxidative Activities SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE brown rice bran; purple rice bran; red rice bran; composition; HPLC-PAD; MTT assay; cancer cells ID ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE-FORMATION; HUMAN BREAST; BLACK; CAPACITY; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; PHENOLS; QUALITY; ASSAYS; COLOR; FOODS AB We determined the phenolic, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanidin content of three brown, purple, and red rice brans isolated from different rice varieties using HPLC-PDA with the aid of 27 standards of known structure and matching unknown peaks to a spectral library of known compounds. Antioxidative capacities were determined by DPPH and ORAC and cell-inhibiting effects using an MTT assay. Based on the calculated IC50 values, the light-brown bran had no effect, the purple bran exhibited a minor effect on leukemia and cervical cancer cells, and the red bran exhibited strong inhibitory effects on leukemia, cervical, and stomach cancer cells. High concentrations of protocatechuic acid and anthocyanins in purple bran and proanthocyanidins in red bran were identified. The red bran was further fractionated on a Sephadex column. Fraction 3 rich in proanthocyanidin oligomers and polymers had the greatest activity. Red bran has the potential to serve as a functional food supplement for human consumption. C1 [Chen, Ming-Hsuan] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Choi, Suk Hyun] Seowon Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Cheongju 361742, South Korea. [Kozukue, Nobuyake] Seowon Univ, Bio Organ Mat & Food Ctr, Cheongju 361742, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun-Jeong] Keimyung Univ, Ctr Tradit Microorganism Resources, Taegu 704701, South Korea. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, 2890 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM ming.chen@ars.usda.gov; mendel.friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 36 SI SI BP 9151 EP 9161 DI 10.1021/jf3025453 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002YL UT WOS:000308574900048 PM 22900641 ER PT J AU Priester, JH Ge, Y Mielke, RE Horst, AM Moritz, SC Espinosa, K Gelb, J Walker, SL Nisbet, RM An, YJ Schimel, JP Palmer, RG Hernandez-Viezcas, JA Zhao, LJ Gardea-Torresdey, JL Holden, PA AF Priester, John H. Ge, Yuan Mielke, Randall E. Horst, Allison M. Moritz, Shelly Cole Espinosa, Katherine Gelb, Jeff Walker, Sharon L. Nisbet, Roger M. An, Youn-Joo Schimel, Joshua P. Palmer, Reid G. Hernandez-Viezcas, Jose A. Zhao, Lijuan Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L. Holden, Patricia A. TI Soybean susceptibility to manufactured nanomaterials with evidence for food quality and soil fertility interruption SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; nanotechnology; agriculture ID WASTE-WATER; CEO2 NANOPARTICLES; NITROGEN-CYCLE; PLANTS; BIOSOLIDS; TITANIUM; SLUDGE; PHYTOTOXICITY; ACCUMULATION; FIXATION AB Based on previously published hydroponic plant, planktonic bacterial, and soil microbial community research, manufactured nanomaterial (MNM) environmental buildup could profoundly alter soil-based food crop quality and yield. However, thus far, no single study has at once examined the full implications, as no studies have involved growing plants to full maturity in MNM-contaminated field soil. We have done so for soybean, a major global commodity crop, using farm soil amended with two high-production metal oxide MNMs (nano-CeO2 and -ZnO). The results provide a clear, but unfortunate, view of what could arise over the long term: (i) for nano-ZnO, component metal was taken up and distributed throughout edible plant tissues; (ii) for nano-CeO2, plant growth and yield diminished, but also (iii) nitrogen fixation-a major ecosystem service of leguminous crops-was shut down at high nano-CeO2 concentration. Juxtaposed against widespread land application of wastewater treatment biosolids to food crops, these findings forewarn of agriculturally associated human and environmental risks from the accelerating use of MNMs. C1 [Priester, John H.; Ge, Yuan; Mielke, Randall E.; Horst, Allison M.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Priester, John H.; Ge, Yuan; Mielke, Randall E.; Horst, Allison M.; Moritz, Shelly Cole; Nisbet, Roger M.; Schimel, Joshua P.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Priester, John H.; Ge, Yuan; Mielke, Randall E.; Horst, Allison M.; Nisbet, Roger M.; Schimel, Joshua P.; Hernandez-Viezcas, Jose A.; Zhao, Lijuan; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Environm Implicat Nanotechnol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mielke, Randall E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Espinosa, Katherine; Palmer, Reid G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gelb, Jeff] Xradia, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Nisbet, Roger M.; Schimel, Joshua P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [An, Youn-Joo] Konkuk Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Palmer, Reid G.] ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hernandez-Viezcas, Jose A.; Zhao, Lijuan; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Holden, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM holden@bren.ucsb.edu RI Zhao, Lijuan/E-8485-2012; Nisbet, Roger/B-6951-2014; Ge, Yuan/D-2997-2009 OI Ge, Yuan/0000-0003-0234-5638 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Environmental Protection Agency [DBI-0830117]; NSF [BES-9977772, DBI-0216480] FX The authors thank Olivier Brun, Carla D'Antonio, Max Moritz, Laurie Van De Werfhorst, Tom Shepherd, Corrine Dorais, Sadie Iverson, James Cooper, Gary Stacey, Joan Calder, Alia Servin, and Fabiola Moreno for their assistance; Michael Guthrie for assistance in experimental design and implementation; and the three anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. This research was primarily funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement DBI-0830117 (to P.A.H, S.L.W., J.P.S, R.M.N., and J.L.G-T.). Environmental scanning and scanning transmission EM were partly performed in the Micro-Environmental Imaging and Analysis Facility at the University of California at Santa Barbara (https://www.bren.ucsb.edu/facilities/MEIAF/) under NSF Awards BES-9977772 and DBI-0216480. NR 44 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 14 U2 187 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 37 BP E2451 EP E2456 DI 10.1073/pnas.1205431109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012AP UT WOS:000309208000009 PM 22908279 ER PT J AU Elshorbagy, AK Valdivia-Garcia, M Refsum, H Butte, N AF Elshorbagy, Amany K. Valdivia-Garcia, Maria Refsum, Helga Butte, Nancy TI The Association of Cysteine with Obesity, Inflammatory Cytokines and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Children and Adolescents SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HOMOCYSTEINE S-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HORDALAND HOMOCYSTEINE; METHIONINE RESTRICTION; LIPID-METABOLISM; DEFICIENT MICE; RISK AB Context: Plasma total cysteine (tCys) independently relates to fat mass in adults. Dietary cyst(e)ine promotes adiposity and decreases glucose tolerance in some rodent models, but alleviates insulin resistance in others. Objective: To investigate whether the association of tCys with body fat extends to children at particular risk of obesity, and whether tCys is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-associated inflammation. Methods: We explored the cross-sectional relations of fasting plasma tCys and related metabolites with body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 984 Hispanic children and adolescents aged 4-19 years from the Viva La Familia Study. Linear and logistic regression and dose-response curves were used to evaluate relations of tCys with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: tCys, methionine and total homocysteine (tHcy) increased with age. Upper tCys quartile was independently associated with a 5-fold increased risk of obesity (95% CI 3.5-8.0, P<0.001), and 2-fold risk of insulin resistance (95% CI: 1.6-5.0, P<0.001; adjusted for body fat%). Within the overweight/obese subgroup, but not in normal-weight children, tCys accounted for 9% of the variability in body fat% (partial r = 0.30, P<0.001; adjusted for age and gender). tCys correlated positively with serum non-esterified fatty acids and leptin, partly independent of body fat, but was not associated with serum IL-6, TNF-alpha or MCP-1. A positive correlation with CRP disappeared after adjustment for BMI. Conclusion: tCys is independently associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Hispanic children and adolescents, highlighting a previously underappreciated link between the sulfur amino acid metabolic pathway and obesity and cardiometabolic risk. C1 [Elshorbagy, Amany K.; Valdivia-Garcia, Maria; Refsum, Helga] Univ Oxford, Dept Pharmacol, Oxford OX1 3QT, England. [Elshorbagy, Amany K.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Alexandria, Egypt. [Refsum, Helga] Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. [Butte, Nancy] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Elshorbagy, AK (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Pharmacol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QT, England. EM amany.elshorbagy@pharm.ox.ac.uk RI Elshorbagy, Amany/A-4117-2015 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DK59264, DK080457]; USDA/ARS [6250-51000-053]; Research Council of Norway; Johan Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research; Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DK59264, DK080457], and the USDA/ARS [Cooperative Agreement 6250-51000-053]. This study has also received support from The Research Council of Norway, The Johan Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research and the Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44166 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044166 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003VE UT WOS:000308638700047 PM 22984471 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M Jambal, L Karesh, WB Fine, A Shiilegdamba, E Dulam, P Sodnomdarjaa, R Ganzorig, K Batchuluun, D Tseveenmyadag, N Bolortuya, P Cardona, CJ Leung, CYH Peiris, JSM Spackman, E Swayne, DE Joly, DO AF Gilbert, Martin Jambal, Losolmaa Karesh, William B. Fine, Amanda Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin Dulam, Purevtseren Sodnomdarjaa, Ruuragchaa Ganzorig, Khuukhenbaatar Batchuluun, Damdinjav Tseveenmyadag, Natsagdorj Bolortuya, Purevsuren Cardona, Carol J. Leung, Connie Y. H. Peiris, J. S. Malik Spackman, Erica Swayne, David E. Joly, Damien O. TI Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus among Wild Birds in Mongolia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TIME RT-PCR; H5N1 VIRUSES; HPAI H5N1; HONG-KONG; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; DUCKS; HEMAGGLUTININ; OUTBREAK; GEESE; CHINA AB Mongolia combines a near absence of domestic poultry, with an abundance of migratory waterbirds, to create an ideal location to study the epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in a purely wild bird system. Here we present the findings of active and passive surveillance for HPAIV subtype H5N1 in Mongolia from 2005-2011, together with the results of five outbreak investigations. In total eight HPAIV outbreaks were confirmed in Mongolia during this period. Of these, one was detected during active surveillance employed by this project, three by active surveillance performed by Mongolian government agencies, and four through passive surveillance. A further three outbreaks were recorded in the neighbouring Tyva Republic of Russia on a lake that bisects the international border. No HPAIV was isolated (cultured) from 7,855 environmental fecal samples (primarily from ducks), or from 2,765 live, clinically healthy birds captured during active surveillance (primarily shelducks, geese and swans), while four HPAIVs were isolated from 141 clinically ill or dead birds located through active surveillance. Two low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) were cultured from ill or dead birds during active surveillance, while environmental feces and live healthy birds yielded 56 and 1 LPAIV respectively. All Mongolian outbreaks occurred in 2005 and 2006 (clade 2.2), or 2009 and 2010 (clade 2.3.2.1); all years in which spring HPAIV outbreaks were reported in Tibet and/or Qinghai provinces in China. The occurrence of outbreaks in areas deficient in domestic poultry is strong evidence that wild birds can carry HPAIV over at least moderate distances. However, failure to detect further outbreaks of clade 2.2 after June 2006, and clade 2.3.2.1 after June 2010 suggests that wild birds migrating to and from Mongolia may not be competent as indefinite reservoirs of HPAIV, or that HPAIV did not reach susceptible populations during our study. C1 [Gilbert, Martin; Jambal, Losolmaa; Karesh, William B.; Fine, Amanda; Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin; Joly, Damien O.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. [Karesh, William B.] EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Dulam, Purevtseren; Sodnomdarjaa, Ruuragchaa; Ganzorig, Khuukhenbaatar; Batchuluun, Damdinjav] Avian Influenza Sect, State Cent Vet Lab, Transboundary Anim Dis Lab, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Tseveenmyadag, Natsagdorj] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Bolortuya, Purevsuren] Natl Emergency Management Agcy, World Bank, Avian & Human Influenza Project, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Leung, Connie Y. H.; Peiris, J. S. Malik] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Spackman, Erica; Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gilbert, M (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. EM mgilbert@wcs.org OI Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin/0000-0003-1316-0591 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN266200700009C, HHSN266200700005C]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID); World Bank; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Dunemere private foundation FX Support for this project was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (Contracts HHSN266200700007C, HHSN266200700009C, and HHSN266200700005C), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the World Bank, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. DOJ was supported by generous funding from the Dunemere private foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44097 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044097 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003VE UT WOS:000308638700044 PM 22984464 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Anderson, CW VerCauteren, KC AF Walter, W. David Anderson, Charles W. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Evaluation of Remote Delivery of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Technology to Mark Large Mammals SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TOPICAL TREATMENT; SYSTEM; CAPTURE; WILD; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; ACARICIDE; MIGRATION; IXODIDAE AB Methods to individually mark and identify free-ranging wildlife without trapping and handling would be useful for a variety of research and management purposes. The use of Passive Integrated Transponder technology could be an efficient method for collecting data for mark-recapture analysis and other strategies for assessing characteristics about populations of various wildlife species. Passive Integrated Transponder tags (PIT) have unique numbered frequencies and have been used to successfully mark and identify mammals. We tested for successful injection of PIT and subsequent functioning of PIT into gelatin blocks using 4 variations of a prototype dart. We then selected the prototype dart that resulted in the least depth of penetration in the gelatin block to assess the ability of PIT to be successfully implanted into muscle tissue of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) post-mortem and long-term in live, captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus). The prototype dart with a 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) needle length and no powder charge resulted in the shallowest mean (+/- SD) penetration depth into gelatin blocks of 27.0 mm (+/-5.6 mm) with 2.0 psi setting on the Dan-Inject CO2-pressured rifle. Eighty percent of PIT were successfully injected in the muscle mass of white-tailed deer post-mortem with a mean (+/- SD) penetration depth of 22.2 mm (+/-3.8 mm; n = 6). We injected PIT successfully into 13 live, captive elk by remote delivery at about 20 m that remained functional for 7 months. We successfully demonstrated that PIT could be remotely delivered in darts into muscle mass of large mammals and remain functional for >6 months. Although further research is warranted to fully develop the technique, remote delivery of PIT technology to large mammals is possible using prototype implant darts. C1 [Walter, W. David; Anderson, Charles W.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. EM wdwalter@psu.edu FU National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44838 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044838 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003VE UT WOS:000308638700090 PM 22984572 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Gao, M Singer, SD Fei, ZJ Wang, H Wang, XP AF Zhang, Yucheng Gao, Min Singer, Stacy D. Fei, Zhangjun Wang, Hua Wang, Xiping TI Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the TIFY Gene Family in Grape SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS; SALINITY STRESS; DOWNY MILDEW; ARABIDOPSIS; JASMONATE; EXPRESSION; DUPLICATION; RESISTANCE; PROFILES; PROTEINS AB Background: The TIFY gene family constitutes a plant-specific group of genes with a broad range of functions. This family encodes four subfamilies of proteins, including ZML, TIFY, PPD and JASMONATE ZIM-Domain (JAZ) proteins. JAZ proteins are targets of the SCFCOI1 complex, and function as negative regulators in the JA signaling pathway. Recently, it has been reported in both Arabidopsis and rice that TIFY genes, and especially JAZ genes, may be involved in plant defense against insect feeding, wounding, pathogens and abiotic stresses. Nonetheless, knowledge concerning the specific expression patterns and evolutionary history of plant TIFY family members is limited, especially in a woody species such as grape. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total of two TIFY, four ZML, two PPD and 11 JAZ genes were identified in the Vitis vinifera genome. Phylogenetic analysis of TIFY protein sequences from grape, Arabidopsis and rice indicated that the grape TIFY proteins are more closely related to those of Arabidopsis than those of rice. Both segmental and tandem duplication events have been major contributors to the expansion of the grape TIFY family. In addition, synteny analysis between grape and Arabidopsis demonstrated that homologues of several grape TIFY genes were found in the corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis, suggesting that these genes arose before the divergence of lineages that led to grape and Arabidopsis. Analyses of microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression data revealed that grape TIFY genes are not a major player in the defense against biotrophic pathogens or viruses. However, many of these genes were responsive to JA and ABA, but not SA or ET. Conclusion: The genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of grape TIFY genes should facilitate further research of this gene family and provide new insights regarding their evolutionary history and regulatory control. C1 [Zhang, Yucheng; Gao, Min; Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol & Germplasm Innovat NW Ch, Coll Hort, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yucheng; Wang, Hua] NW A&F Univ, Coll Enol, Shaanxi Engn Res Ctr Viti Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Gao, Min; Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Singer, Stacy D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Enol, Shaanxi Engn Res Ctr Viti Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM wanghua@nwsuaf.edu.cn; wangxiping@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Su, Jian Qiang/C-2388-2009; Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur/C-8901-2011; CAS, KLUEH-Cooperation/E-1148-2017; CAS, KLUEH/G-8978-2016 OI Su, Jian Qiang/0000-0003-1875-249X; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871701, 31071782, 30671446]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-07-0702] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871701, 31071782 and 30671446), as well as the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-07-0702). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 276 Z9 288 U1 6 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 11 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44465 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044465 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003VE UT WOS:000308638700062 PM 22272293 ER PT J AU Giorgi, JA Vandenberg, NJ AF Giorgi, Jose Adriano Vandenberg, Natalia J. TI Review of the lady beetle genus Phaenochilus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini) with description of a new species from Thailand that preys on cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE biological control; Cucujoidea; ladybird; pest; predator; sago palm; systematics; taxonomy ID FLORIDA AB Species of the genus Phaenochilus are reviewed, keyed, and illustrated, and an annotated checklist provided. A new species, Phaenochilus kashaya n. sp., is described from Thailand. This species feeds on an invasive pest of cycads, the cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae). The economic importance of cycads and cycad aulacaspis scale is discussed. A taxonomic history of Phaenochilus is provided. C1 [Giorgi, Jose Adriano] Fed Univ Para, Zool Lab, BR-68372040 Altamira, Para, Brazil. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] Agr Res Serv, SEL, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Giorgi, JA (reprint author), Fed Univ Para, Zool Lab, BR-68372040 Altamira, Para, Brazil. EM Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov FU Smithsonian Department of Entomology (Casey Fund); FACEPE [APQ-0538-5.01/10] FX The visit of Adriano Giorgi to the USNM collection during the summer of 2011 was made possible through funds awarded by Smithsonian Department of Entomology (Casey Fund, administered through Terry Erwin) and FACEPE (APQ-0538-5.01/10, granted to Jorge Torres, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco). NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 11 PY 2012 IS 3478 SI SI BP 239 EP 255 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 004IO UT WOS:000308675200023 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Korytkowski, CA AF Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. TI New species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae), with a key for the species of the megacantha clade SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; taxonomy AB Thirteen new species of Anastrepha are described and illustrated: A. anopla (Brazil, Ecuador), A. grandicarina (Brazil, Ecuador, Per), A. hadracantha (Ecuador), A. haplacantha (Ecuador), A. hyperacantha (Ecuador), A. inaequalis (Trinidad), A. intermedia (Panama), A. lopezi (Guatemala), A. macracantha (Ecuador), A. magnicurva (Ecuador, Per), A. neogigantea (Ecuador, Venezuela), A. peneramosa (Per), and A. stangei (Venezuela). A key for the species of the megacantha clade is provided. Pouteria buenaventurensis (Sapotaceae) is reported as a host plant for A. intermedia. C1 [Norrbom, Allen L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Korytkowski, Cheslavo A.] Univ Panama, Programa Ctr Amer Maestria Entomol, Panama City, Panama. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov; cheslavok@cableonda.net FU USDA; APHIS; CPHST; IS FX We sincerely thank the curators and institutions who kindly loaned or provided specimens for study, particularly Gary Steck (FSCA), Norma Nolazco (SENASA), J.A. Rafael (INPA), Phil Perkins (MCZ) and Norman Penny (CAS), and Terry Erwin (Smithsonian) for access to the canopy material his project collected in Ecuador. George Venable, Jerrett McCormick and Lucrecia Rodriguez produced some of the illustrations, and Terrence Walters (USDA, APHIS, CPHST) secured funding for some of the illustration work. Annabella Reszczynski (USDA, APHIS, IS) helped obtain funding for ALN to travel to Per that facilitated collaboration with SENASA. We also thank Roberto Zucchi, Robert Kula, and Norman Woodley for their comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 11 PY 2012 IS 3478 SI SI BP 510 EP 552 PG 43 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 004IO UT WOS:000308675200042 ER PT J AU Subramaniam, R White, SN Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Srikumaran, S AF Subramaniam, Renuka White, Stephen N. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI MHC class II DR allelic diversity in bighorn sheep SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Ovis canadensis; Ovis aries; Genetic diversity ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; AMINO-ACID SITES; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; DOMESTIC SHEEP; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; VIRULENCE; GENES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EVOLUTION AB We hypothesized that decreased diversity and/or unique polymorphisms in MHC class II alleles of bighorn sheep (BHS, Ovis canadensis) are responsible for lower titer of antibodies against Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin, in comparison to domestic sheep (DS. Ovis aries). To test this hypothesis, DRA and DRB transcripts from 24 captive BHS (Ovca-DRA and Ovca-DRB) were sequenced. Based on exon 2 (beta 1 domain) sequences, eight different Ovca-DRB cDNA sequences were identified in BHS. Six of them were 100% identical to previously reported Ovca-DRB genomic DNA sequences. The new alleles DRB*23 and DRB*24, were closely related to two other Ovca-DRB exon 2 genomic DNA sequences. Nineteen out of 24 BHS (79%) Ovca-DRB exon 3 (132 domain) sequences were 100% identical to exon 3 sequence of DRB1 of DS (Ovar-DRB1). Ovca-DRA full length cDNA sequences exhibited >99% identity. Based upon exon 2 sequences, this BHS herd yielded higher Ovca-DRB allelic diversity than that reported in the previous study. Positively selected amino acid positions were identified in the peptide-binding groove of BHS and DS, but BHS showed more such sites. This highlights differing population histories, and may suggest differing needs for DR peptide-binding specificities. Presence of glutamine at position 52 (52Q) in some of the desert and captive BHS is predicted to alter the efficiency of DR dimerization, which may influence antigen presentation and T-h cell activation. Functional assays with unique alleles should reveal whether the presentation of M. haemolytica leukotoxin peptides to T-h cells by Ovca-DRB alleles is equivalent to that of Ovar-DRB1 alleles. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Subramaniam, Renuka; White, Stephen N.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, Stephen N.; Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ssrikumaran@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 FU Morris Animal Foundation; Wild Sheep Foundation; Eastern Chapter; Idaho Chapter; Montana Chapter; New Mexico Chapter; Oregon Chapter; Washington Chapter; Wyoming Chapter; US Forest Service FX Renuka Subramaniam was fully supported by a doctoral fellowship training grant from the Morris Animal Foundation. This research was supported by funds from the Wild Sheep Foundation and its Eastern, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming Chapters, and the US Forest Service. We thank Codie Druffel for technical assistance. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 506 IS 1 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.048 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 998SJ UT WOS:000308260400034 PM 22750296 ER PT J AU Carnin, RLP Folgueras, MV Luvizao, RR Correia, SL da Cunha, CJ Dungan, RS AF Carnin, Raquel L. P. Folgueras, Marilena Valadares Luvizao, Rubia Raquel Correia, Sivaldo Leite da Cunha, Carlos Jorge Dungan, Robert S. TI Use of an integrated approach to characterize the physicochemical properties of foundry green sands SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Foundry; FTIR; Green sand; Sand; Spectrometry; Thermal analysis ID MINERAL PHASES; WASTE; CONCRETE; STRENGTH; ADDITIVES; MIXTURES; REUSE; ASH AB A fresh green sand, spent green sand, and a weathered spent green sand (wSGS) from a foundry landfill were analyzed using diffractometry, electron microscopy, fluorometry, granulometry, spectrometry, and thermogravimetry (TG). Our objective was to understand how the physicochemical properties of the foundry green sands change from their original form after being subjected to the casting process, then after weathering at the landfill. A quantitative phase composition model was also postulated for each material based on the TG results and it was found to be the most reliable and informative quantitative data for this type of residue. The weathered sample, that remained in a landfill for two years, was found to be composed of almost pure sand. Because of the weathering process, it may be possible to use the wSGS as a virgin sand replacement in the regeneration system or in geotechnical applications where bentonite would affect the properties of the final product. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Carnin, Raquel L. P.] Tupy SA, Joinville, SC, Brazil. [Folgueras, Marilena Valadares; Luvizao, Rubia Raquel; Correia, Sivaldo Leite] Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Joinville, SC, Brazil. [da Cunha, Carlos Jorge] Univ Fed Parana, Ctr Politecn, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov RI Folgueras, Marilena/C-5045-2015 OI Folgueras, Marilena/0000-0002-7212-6054 FU Tupy S.A., University of Santa Catarina State, Brazil; Federal University of Parana, Brazil FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Tupy S.A., University of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, and Federal University of Parana, Brazil. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 543 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2012.05.018 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 987LW UT WOS:000307419500020 ER PT J AU Beltrame, MAV Pena, HFJ Ton, NC Lino, AJB Gennari, SM Dubey, JP Pereira, FEL AF Beltrame, M. A. V. Pena, H. F. J. Ton, N. C. Lino, A. J. B. Gennari, S. M. Dubey, J. P. Pereira, F. E. L. TI Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens from Espirito Santo state, southeastern Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Chickens; Gallus domesticus; Seroprevalence; Isolation; Espirito Santo state; Brazil ID SAO-PAULO STATE; PREVALENCE; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; CATS AB Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in 510 free-range (FR) chickens (380 from 33 small farms, and 130 from a slaughter house for FR chickens) from Espirito Santo state, southeastern Brazil, was investigated. Antibodies to T. gondii were sought using commercial indirect haemagglutination (IHAT, Imuno-HAI Toxo (R), Wama Diagnostica, Sao Paulo, Brazil, cut-off 1:16) and the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:25) tests. Attempts were made to isolate viable T. gondii from seropositive chickens by bioassay in mice. Pooled samples of brain, heart and quadriceps muscle of one thigh (total 40 g) from 64 chickens with IHAT titers of >= 1:16 were minced, digested in pepsin and bioassayed in mice. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 40.4% (206/510) FR chickens by IHAT (titer >= 1:16) and 38.8% (198/510) by MAT (titer >= 1:25); concordance between IHAT and MAT was 81.6% (kappa index = 0.614). Viable T. gondii was isolated (designated TgCkBr234-281) from 48 of 64(75%) seropositive (IHAT titers >= 1:32) FR chickens. Most isolates of T. gondii were virulent for mice; 100% of mice inoculated with 44 of 48 isolates died of toxoplasmosis within 30 days post inoculation (p.i). An epidemiological investigation revealed that people living in rural areas have little knowledge about the parasite and about the risk of acquiring it from raw meat. Results indicated that the locally available IHAT was useful for screening of chicken sera for T. gondii antibodies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pereira, F. E. L.] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, BR-29040091 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Beltrame, M. A. V.; Ton, N. C.; Lino, A. J. B.] Univ Vila Velha, Curso Med Vet, BR-29102690 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil. [Pena, H. F. J.; Gennari, S. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Preventiva & Saude Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pereira, FEL (reprint author), Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, BR-29040091 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. EM felp@ndi.ufes.br RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; PENA, HILDA/K-4506-2012 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; FU Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa, CNPq, Brazil FX H.F.J. Pena and S.M. Gennari are in receipt of fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa, CNPq, Brazil. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 10 PY 2012 VL 188 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.053 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 992TM UT WOS:000307802600003 PM 22541793 ER PT J AU Ermgassen, PSEZ Spalding, MD Blake, B Coen, LD Dumbauld, B Geiger, S Grabowski, JH Grizzle, R Luckenbach, M McGraw, K Rodney, W Ruesink, JL Powers, SP Brumbaugh, R AF Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu Spalding, Mark D. Blake, Brady Coen, Loren D. Dumbauld, Brett Geiger, Steve Grabowski, Jonathan H. Grizzle, Raymond Luckenbach, Mark McGraw, Kay Rodney, William Ruesink, Jennifer L. Powers, Sean P. Brumbaugh, Robert TI Historical ecology with real numbers: past and present extent and biomass of an imperilled estuarine habitat SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE shifting baseline; Crassostrea virginica; Ostrea lurida; native oyster; United States ID OYSTER REEFS; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; DELAWARE BAY; SURVEY MODE; FISHERIES; COLLAPSE; FOREST; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; DEGRADATION AB Historic baselines are important in developing our understanding of ecosystems in the face of rapid global change. While a number of studies have sought to determine changes in extent of exploited habitats over historic timescales, few have quantified such changes prior to late twentieth century baselines. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first ever large-scale quantitative assessment of the extent and biomass of marine habitat-forming species over a 100-year time frame. We examined records of wild native oyster abundance in the United States from a historic, yet already exploited, baseline between 1878 and 1935 (predominantly 1885-1915), and a current baseline between 1968 and 2010 (predominantly 2000-2010). We quantified the extent of oyster grounds in 39 estuaries historically and 51 estuaries from recent times. Data from 24 estuaries allowed comparison of historic to present extent and biomass. We found evidence for a 64 per cent decline in the spatial extent of oyster habitat and an 88 per cent decline in oyster biomass over time. The difference between these two numbers illustrates that current areal extent measures may be masking significant loss of habitat through degradation. C1 [Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu; Spalding, Mark D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Global Marine Team, Nat Conservancy, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Blake, Brady] Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Point Whitney Shellfish Lab, Brinnon, WA 98320 USA. [Coen, Loren D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Dumbauld, Brett] ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Geiger, Steve] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Grabowski, Jonathan H.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Grizzle, Raymond] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Luckenbach, Mark] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [McGraw, Kay] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rodney, William] Dickinson Marine Lab, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Dickinson, TX 77539 USA. [Ruesink, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Powers, Sean P.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Brumbaugh, Robert] Nature Conservancy, Big Pine Key, FL 33042 USA. RP Ermgassen, PSEZ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Global Marine Team, Nat Conservancy, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM philine.zuermgassen@cantab.net FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2009-0078-000]; National Partnership [NA07NMF4630136, NA10NMF463008]; TNC-Shell Partnership; Turner Foundation, Inc. FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (award no. 2009-0078-000) and by the National Partnership between The Nature Conservancy and NOAA's Community-based Restoration Programme (award nos. NA07NMF4630136 and NA10NMF463008). Additional funding support for the project was provided by the TNC-Shell Partnership and The Turner Foundation, Inc. We thank the large number of individuals who shared their oyster knowledge including: P. Banks, B. Allen, K. Ashton-Alcox, B. Balboa, G. Ballance, J. Berriman, S. Bosarge, D. Bushek, J. Byers, W. Carzonier, B. Corley, M.-L. Cumberpatch, M. Gray, N. Hadley, B. Hancock, D. Harris, J. Harper, L. Hartman, J. Hermann, M. Kennish, P. Kingsley-Smith, H. Lane, M. Latta, R. Mann, F. Martinez-Andrade, S. Morlock, J. Normant, R. Obernolte, K. Paynter, B. Peabody, M. Polson, M. Reich, J. Rohrer, P.G. Ross, K. Schulte, K. Ward, J. Simons, T. Soniat, E. Weissberger, R. Walker and D. Zacherl. NR 64 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 70 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1742 BP 3393 EP 3400 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.0313 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 979PL UT WOS:000306832100003 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Torkzaban, S Kim, H Simunek, J AF Bradford, Scott A. Torkzaban, Saeed Kim, Hyunjung Simunek, Jiri TI Modeling colloid and microorganism transport and release with transients in solution ionic strength SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; MICROMETER-SCALE PARTICLES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; BACTERIA TRANSPORT; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; FLOW CONDITIONS; DEPOSITION; SURFACES AB The transport and fate of colloids, microorganisms, and nanoparticles in subsurface environments is strongly influenced by transients in solution ionic strength (IS). A sophisticated dual-permeability transport model was modified and a theory was developed to mechanistically account for the transport, retention, and release of colloids with transients in IS. In particular, colloid release in the model was directly related to the balance of applied hydrodynamic and resisting adhesive torques that determined the fraction of the solid surface area that contributed to colloid immobilization (S-f). The colloid sticking efficiency (alpha) and S-f were explicit functions of IS that determined the rates of colloid interaction with the solid, immobilization on the solid, colloid release from the solid and back into the bulk aqueous phase, and the maximum amount of colloid retention. The developed model was used to analyze experimental transport and release data with transients in IS for 1.1 and 0.11 mu m latex microspheres, E. coli D21g, and coliphage phi X174. Comparison of experimental values of Sf (IS) with predictions based on mean interaction energies indicated that predictions needed to account for the influence of physical and/or chemical heterogeneity on colloid immobilization. This was especially true for smaller colloids because they were more sensitive to microscopic heterogeneities that produced mainly irreversible interaction in a primary minimum and greater hysteresis in S-f (IS) with IS. Significant deviations between experimental and predicted values of alpha(IS) were observed for larger colloids when hydrodynamic forces were not accounted for in the predictions. A sensitivity analysis indicated that colloid release with IS transients was not diffusion controlled, but rather occurred rapidly and with low levels of dispersion. The calibrated model provided a satisfactory description of the observed release behavior for a range of colloid types and sizes and a general theoretical foundation to develop predictions for the influence of solution chemistry on the transport, retention, and release of colloids. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed] CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. [Kim, Hyunjung] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Mineral Resources & Energy Engn, Jeonju, South Korea. [Simunek, Jiri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Hyunjung/F-1505-2013; Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Kim, Hyunjung/0000-0003-2115-6891; Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 FU ARS, USDA [NP 214] FX We would like to thank Lorena Altamirano for her help in conducting the transport experiments. This research was supported by the ARS, USDA, NP 214. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 7 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W09509 DI 10.1029/2012WR012468 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 003HF UT WOS:000308599700003 ER PT J AU Lee, AK Hong, J Bauchan, GR Park, SH Joung, YH AF Lee, Ae Kyung Hong, Jeong Bauchan, Gary R. Park, Se Hee Joung, Young Hee TI Confirmation of hybrid origin of Cyrtanthus based on the sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Amaryllidaceae; Interspecific hybrids; ITS 1; 2 region; Low temperature-scanning electron microscopy; Random amplification polymorphic DNA; Single nucleotide polymorphisms ID BREVIFLORUS AMARYLLIDACEAE; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; MARKERS; HYBRIDIZATION; CORYLOPSIS; SNPS; RAPD; DNA AB The objectives of this study were to create interspecific hybrids between Cyrtanthus elatus and C. sanguineus and to confirm the hybrid origin of the progeny based on morphological characters and using molecular markers. The tip of the leaves, the shape and size of cells, and stomata distribution in abaxial and adaxial surface of leaf epidermis were analyzed by low temperature scanning electron microscope (LT-SEM). Molecular markers generated from random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis of internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 of rRNA gene (ITS 1, 2) were also analyzed to confirm hybrid status. Putative C. elatus x C. sanguineus hybrid A 3 resembled C. elatus and C. sanguineus 'Pringle Bay' (PB) x 'Fred Meyer' (FM) B 23 and was similar to C. sanguineus at flowering. However, the hybrid origin of hybrid A 3 could not be confirmed based on the morphological characteristics of flowers. the tip of the leaves, and cell structure and surface images in both abaxial and adaxial images of LT-SEM. Based on RAPD markers. putative hybrid A 3 and other putative hybrids that did not flower (A 4, A 5, A 13 and D 39, D 40, and D 42) can be considered as a hybrid based on the presence of both species-specific bands for parental taxa. SNP markers of ITS 1, 2 region also revealed that other putative hybrids of A and D that did not flower during the evaluation can be interspecific hybrids of C. elatus and C. sanguineus. Therefore, the use of SNP markers of ITS 1, 2 is considered a more accurate tool to characterize hybrid origin than morphological characteristics and RAPD markers. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Se Hee; Joung, Young Hee] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju, South Korea. [Lee, Ae Kyung] Dankook Univ, Dept Environm Hort, Coll Bioresources Sci, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea. [Hong, Jeong] Seoul Womens Univ, Dept Hort, Div Environm & Life Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Bauchan, Gary R.] ARS, USDA, BARC E, Electron & Confocal Microscope Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Joung, YH (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju, South Korea. EM yhjoung@jnu.ac.kr FU Dankook University; Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Korea [PJ008332052012] FX Donation of C. sanguineus bulbs by Sunburst Flower Bulbs, Howard Place, South Africa is greatly appreciated. The present research was conducted by the research fund of Dankook University awarded to A.K. Lee in 2011. A part of this research was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Korea to Y. H. Joung (PJ008332052012). Critical reading and editing of the manuscript by Drs. R.G. Anderson and C. John Burk and comments for surface low temperature scanning electron microscope images by E. Yembaturova is greatly appreciated. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 144 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.07.010 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009JH UT WOS:000309021600021 ER PT J AU Ueti, MW Mealey, RH Kappmeyer, LS White, SN Kumpula-McWhirter, N Pelzel, AM Grause, JF Bunn, TO Schwartz, A Traub-Dargatz, JL Hendrickson, A Espy, B Guthrie, AJ Fowler, WK Knowles, DP AF Ueti, Massaro W. Mealey, Robert H. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. White, Stephen N. Kumpula-McWhirter, Nancy Pelzel, Angela M. Grause, Juanita F. Bunn, Thomas O. Schwartz, Andy Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. Hendrickson, Amy Espy, Benjamin Guthrie, Alan J. Fowler, W. Kent Knowles, Donald P. TI Re-Emergence of the Apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: Elimination of Persistent Infection and Transmission Risk SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PIROPLASMOSIS BABESIA-EQUI; TICK BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE; YELLOW-FEVER; HORSES; BUPARVAQUONE; EXPRESSION; RESERVOIRS; MOSQUITOS AB Arthropod-borne apicomplexan pathogens that cause asymptomatic persistent infections present a significant challenge due to their life-long transmission potential. Although anti-microbials have been used to ameliorate acute disease in animals and humans, chemotherapeutic efficacy for apicomplexan pathogen elimination from a persistently infected host and removal of transmission risk is largely unconfirmed. The recent re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in U. S. horses prompted testing whether imidocarb dipropionate was able to eliminate T. equi from naturally infected horses and remove transmission risk. Following imidocarb treatment, levels of T. equi declined from a mean of 10(4.9) organisms/ml of blood to undetectable by nested PCR in 24 of 25 naturally infected horses. Further, blood transfer from treated horses that became nested PCR negative failed to transmit to naive splenectomized horses. Although these results were consistent with elimination of infection in 24 of 25 horses, T. equi-specific antibodies persisted in the majority of imidocarb treated horses. Imidocarb treatment was unsuccessful in one horse which remained infected as measured by nested PCR and retained the ability to infect a naive recipient via intravenous blood transfer. However, a second round of treatment eliminated T. equi infection. These results support the utility of imidocarb chemotherapy for assistance in the control and eradication of this tick-borne pathogen. Successful imidocarb dipropionate treatment of persistently infected horses provides a tool to aid the global equine industry by removing transmission risk associated with infection and facilitating international movement of equids between endemic and non-endemic regions. C1 [Ueti, Massaro W.; Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; White, Stephen N.; Knowles, Donald P.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Ueti, Massaro W.; Mealey, Robert H.; White, Stephen N.; Kumpula-McWhirter, Nancy; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pelzel, Angela M.] Vet Serv, US Dept Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Western Reg Off, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Grause, Juanita F.; Bunn, Thomas O.] Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Schwartz, Andy] Texas Anim Hlth Commiss, Austin, TX USA. [Traub-Dargatz, Josie L.] Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hendrickson, Amy] Natl Assoc State Dept Agr, Washington, DC USA. [Espy, Benjamin] Equine Reprod, San Antonio, TX USA. [Guthrie, Alan J.] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Equine Res Ctr, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Fowler, W. Kent] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Ueti, MW (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. EM massaro@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Guthrie, Alan/J-6375-2013; OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5348-32000-034-00D] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service 5348-32000-034-00D. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 6 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44713 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044713 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 001KC UT WOS:000308458400110 PM 22970295 ER PT J AU Carter, MQ Xue, K Brandl, MT Liu, FF Wu, LY Louie, JW Mandrell, RE Zhou, JZ AF Carter, Michelle Q. Xue, Kai Brandl, Maria T. Liu, Feifei Wu, Liyou Louie, Jacqueline W. Mandrell, Robert E. Zhou, Jizhong TI Functional Metagenomics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Interactions with Spinach Indigenous Microorganisms during Biofilm Formation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; SEA OIL PLUME; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA; LETTUCE; GEOCHIP; O157-H7; PHYLLOSPHERE; MICROARRAY; DIVERSITY AB The increase in foodborne outbreaks worldwide attributed to fresh fruit and vegetables suggests that produce may serve as an ecological niche for enteric pathogens. Here we examined the interaction of E. coli O157:H7 (EcO157) with spinach leaf indigenous microorganisms during co-colonization and establishment of a mixed biofilm on a stainless steel surface. Stainless steel surface was selected to mimic the surface of produce-processing equipment, where retention of foodborne pathogens such as EcO157 could serve as a potential source for transmission. We observed a positive effect of spinach-associated microbes on the initial attachment of EcO157, but an antagonistic effect on the EcO157 population at the later stage of biofilm formation. Metagenomic analyses of the biofilm community with the GeoChip revealed an extremely diverse community (gene richness, 23409; Shannon-Weiner index H, 9.55). Presence of EcO157 in the mixed biofilm resulted in a significant decrease in the community alpha-diversity (t test, P<0.05), indicating a putative competition between the pathogen and indigenous spinach microbes. The decrease in the beta-diversity of the EcO157-inoculated biofilm at 48 h (ANOVA, P<0.05) suggested a convergent shift in functional composition in response to EcO157 invasion. The success of EcO157 in the mixed biofilm is likely associated with its metabolic potential in utilizing spinach nutrients: the generation time of EcO157 in spinach lysates at 28 degrees C is similar to 38 min, which is comparable to that in rich broth. The significant decrease in the abundance of many genes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in the EcO157-inoculated biofilms (t test, P<0.05) further support our conclusion that competition for essential macronutrients is likely the primary interaction between the EcO157 and indigenous spinach-biofilm species. C1 [Carter, Michelle Q.; Brandl, Maria T.; Louie, Jacqueline W.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Xue, Kai; Liu, Feifei; Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, MQ (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM michelle.carter@ars.usda.gov FU ENIGMA through the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; United States Department of Agriculture, (USDA-ARS CRIS) [5325-42000-046-00D] FX We thank J. D. Van Nostrand for technical support and Y. Deng for discussion on data analysis. The GeoChips and associated computational pipelines used in this study were supported by ENIGMA through the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture, (USDA-ARS CRIS project 5325-42000-046-00D). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 77 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 5 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44186 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044186 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 001MC UT WOS:000308463800044 PM 22957052 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, M Kuriata, AM Henderson, JN Salvucci, ME Wachter, RM Levitus, M AF Chakraborty, Manas Kuriata, Agnieszka M. Henderson, J. Nathan Salvucci, Michael E. Wachter, Rebekka M. Levitus, Marcia TI Protein Oligomerization Monitored by Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy: Self-Assembly of Rubisco Activase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-COUNTING HISTOGRAM; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; PRECISE MEASUREMENT; ATP; AGGREGATION; ENZYME; RESOLUTION; MEMBRANES; CHAPERONE; DYNAMICS AB A methodology is presented to characterize complex protein assembly pathways by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We have derived the total autocorrelation function describing the behavior of mixtures of labeled and unlabeled protein under equilibrium conditions. Our modeling approach allows us to quantitatively consider the relevance of any proposed intermediate form, and K-d values can be estimated even when several oligomeric species coexist. We have tested this method on the AAA+ ATPase Rubisco activase (Rca). Rca self-association regulates the CO2 fixing activity of the enzyme Rubisco, directly affecting biomass accumulation in higher plants. However, the elucidation of its assembly pathway has remained challenging, precluding a detailed mechanistic investigation. Here, we present the first, to our knowledge, thermodynamic characterization of oligomeric states of cotton beta-Rca complexed with Mg center dot ADP. We find that the monomer is the dominating species be low 0.5 micromolar. The most plausible model supports dissociation constants of similar to 4, 1, and 1 micromolar for the monomer-dimer, dimer-tetramer, and tetramer-hexamer equilibria, in line with the coexistence of four different oligomeric forms under typical assay conditions. Large aggregates become dominant above 40 micromolar, with continued assembly at even higher concentrations. We propose that under some conditions, ADP-bound Rca self-associates by forming spiral arrangements that grow along the helical axis. Other models such as the stacking of closed hexameric rings are also discussed. C1 [Chakraborty, Manas; Kuriata, Agnieszka M.; Henderson, J. Nathan; Wachter, Rebekka M.; Levitus, Marcia] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chakraborty, Manas; Levitus, Marcia] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Wachter, RM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM rwachter@asu.edu; mlevitus@asu.edu RI Levitus, Marcia/G-3735-2011 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09-ER16123, DE-FG02-08ER-20268] FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy through grants DE-FG02-09-ER16123 (to R.M.W and M.L.) and DE-FG02-08ER-20268 (to M.E.S.) NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 39 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP 5 PY 2012 VL 103 IS 5 BP 949 EP 958 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.07.034 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 002DC UT WOS:000308510200012 PM 23009844 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Chen, P AF Sun, Jianghao Chen, Pei TI Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of African Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) Seeds, Extract, and Related Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Irvingia gabonensis; African mango; UHPLC-HRMS; ellagic acid; O-methyl-ellagic acids ID TOMMY-ATKINS PEELS; INDICA L. KERNELS; WEIGHT-LOSS; GALLOTANNINS; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; GLYCOSIDES; CULTIVARS; FLAVONOL AB Dietary supplements based on an extract from Irvingia gabonensis (African mango, AM) seeds are one of the popular herbal weight loss dietary supplements in the U.S. market. The extract is believed to be a natural and healthy way to lose weight and improve overall health. However, the chemical composition of AM-based dietary supplements (AMDSs) has never been reported. In this study, the chemical constituents of AM seeds, AM seeds extract (AMSE), and different kinds of commercially available AMDSs have been investigated using an ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry method. Ellagic acid, mono-, di-, and tri-O-methyl-ellagic acids, and their glycosides were found as major components in AM seeds. These compounds may be used for quality control of AM extract and related dietary supplements. C1 [Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 35 BP 8703 EP 8709 DI 10.1021/jf302703u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 998ZM UT WOS:000308278900019 PM 22880691 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B O'kuru, RH Hwang, H Mohamed, AA Holser, R AF Tisserat, Brent O'kuru, Rogers Harry Hwang, HongSik Mohamed, Abdellatif A. Holser, Ronald TI Glycerol citrate polyesters produced through heating without catalysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; blending; differential scanning calorimetry; esterification; thermogravimetric analysis AB The influence of various heating methods without catalysis to prepare polyesters from citric acid : glycerol blends were studied. In the presence of short-term microwave treatments, i.e., 60 s at 1200 W, blends of glycerol and citric acid invariably formed solid amorphous polyesters. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that citric acid and glycerol blends can form highly stable polymers composed of ester bonds. The glycerol citrate polyester polymers exhibited the least degradation in water, more in acid solutions (0.11.0M HCl), and the most deterioration in strong alkaline solutions (0.11.0M NaOH) after 72 h soakings. Polyesters of glycerol and citric acid were studied with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The polyesters were found to be thermally stable (up to 313 degrees C). (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 C1 [Tisserat, Brent; Hwang, HongSik] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [O'kuru, Rogers Harry] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mohamed, Abdellatif A.] King Saud Univ, Dept Food Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Holser, Ronald] ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM brent.tisserat@ars.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2012 VL 125 IS 5 BP 3429 EP 3437 DI 10.1002/app.36669 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 951VL UT WOS:000304748000015 ER PT J AU Lambertini, E Borchardt, MA Kieke, BA Spencer, SK Loge, FJ AF Lambertini, Elisabetta Borchardt, Mark A. Kieke, Burney A., Jr. Spencer, Susan K. Loge, Frank J. TI Risk of Viral Acute Gastrointestinal Illness from Nondisinfected Drinking Water Distribution Systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PATHOGEN INTRUSION; UV DISINFECTION; DNA-DAMAGE; OUTBREAKS; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; ENTEROVIRUSES; ADENOVIRUSES; ASSOCIATION AB Acute gastrointestinal illness (ACT) resulting from pathogens directly entering the piping of drinking water distribution systems is insufficiently understood. Here, we estimate AGI incidence from virus intrusions into the distribution systems of 14 nondisinfecting, groundwater-source, community water systems. Water samples for virus quantification were collected monthly at wells and households during four 12-week periods in 2006-2007. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection was installed on the communities' wellheads during one study year; UV was absent the other year. UV was intended to eliminate virus contributions from the wells and without residual disinfectant present in these systems, any increase in virus concentration downstream at household taps represented virus contributions from the distribution system (Approach 1). During no-UV periods, distribution system viruses were estimated by the difference between well water and household tap virus concentrations (Approach 2). For both approaches, a Monte Carlo risk assessment framework was used to estimate AGI risk from distribution systems using study-specific exposure-response relationships. Depending on the exposure-response relationship selected, AGI risk from the distribution systems was 0.0180-0.0661 and 0.001-0.1047 episodes/person-year estimated by Approaches 1 and 2, respectively. These values represented 0.1-4.9% of AGI risk from all exposure routes, and 1.6-67.8% of risk related to drinking water exposure. Virus intrusions into nondisinfected drinking water distribution systems can contribute to sporadic ACT. C1 [Lambertini, Elisabetta; Loge, Frank J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Borchardt, Mark A.; Kieke, Burney A., Jr.; Spencer, Susan K.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2615 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM mark.borchardt@ars.usda.gov; fjloge@ucdavis.edu FU USEPA STAR grant [R831630] FX The Wisconsin WAHTER Study (Water And Health Trial for Enteric Risks) was funded by USEPA STAR grant R831630. We thank the study communities for their participation and support. Technical assistance from Phillip Bertz, Carla Rottscheit, Sandy Strey, and Matt Volenec at the Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Halona Leung, UC-Davis, produced the visual abstract. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17 BP 9299 EP 9307 DI 10.1021/es3015925 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998SM UT WOS:000308260700012 PM 22839570 ER PT J AU Balouet, JC Burken, JG Karg, F Vroblesky, D Smith, KT Grudd, H Rindby, A Beaujard, F Chalot, M AF Balouet, Jean Christophe Burken, Joel G. Karg, Frank Vroblesky, Don Smith, Kevin T. Grudd, Hakan Rindby, Anders Beaujard, Francois Chalot, Michel TI Dendrochemistry of Multiple Releases of Chlorinated Solvents at a Former Industrial Site SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS; TREE-RINGS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; DENDROCHRONOLOGY AB Trees can take up and assimilate contaminants from the soil, subsurface, and groundwater. Contaminants in the transpiration stream can become bound or incorporated into the annual rings formed in trees of the temperate zones. The chemical analysis of precisely dated tree rings, called dendrochemistry, can be used to interpret past plant interactions with contaminants. This investigation demonstrates that dendrochemistry can be used to generate historical scenarios of past contamination of groundwater by chlorinated solvents at a site in Verl, Germany. Increment cores from trees at the Verl site were collected and analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) line scanning. The EDXRF profiles showed four to six time periods where tree rings had anomalously high concentrations of chlorine (Cl) as an indicator of potential contamination by chlorinated solvents. C1 [Balouet, Jean Christophe] Environm Int, F-60129 Orrouy, France. [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Karg, Frank] HPC R&D Div, Noyal Chatillon, France. [Vroblesky, Don] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grudd, Hakan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Beaujard, Francois] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, Ctr Clermont Ferrand, UMR 547,PIAF, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand 02, France. [Chalot, Michel] Univ Franche Comte, Lab Chronoenvironm, UMR6249, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Chalot, Michel] Lorraine Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Tree Microbe Interact Unit, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Balouet, JC (reprint author), Environm Int, 2 Ruelle Hamet, F-60129 Orrouy, France. EM balouet.jean-christophe@neuf.fr RI Grudd, Hakan/G-7952-2012; Burken, Joel /C-2099-2016; CHALOT, Michel/A-1113-2012 OI Grudd, Hakan/0000-0002-9033-2505; Burken, Joel /0000-0002-7774-5364; FU HPC Envirotec RD division; Ademe (French Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie) FX The site investigation was funded by HPC Envirotec R&D division. Field, premapping, and important historical research were conducted by Ralf Sutka, HPC Envirotec AG. We are also deeply indebted to PIT (Pollution Investigation by Trees), an international program funded by Ademe (French Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie). We are also indebted to James Landmeyer of the U.S. Geological Survey and the many others who contributed to the review of this article. The use of trade names in this document does not imply endorsement on the part of the organizations represented by the authors or by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17 BP 9541 EP 9547 DI 10.1021/es300318v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998SM UT WOS:000308260700040 PM 22856596 ER PT J AU Mao, JD Johnson, RL Lehmann, J Olk, DC Neves, EG Thompson, ML Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Mao, J. -D. Johnson, R. L. Lehmann, J. Olk, D. C. Neves, E. G. Thompson, M. L. Schmidt-Rohr, K. TI Abundant and Stable Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; OXIDATION; CLIMOSEQUENCE; AMENDMENT; TROPICS AB Large-scale soil application of biochar may enhance soil fertility, increasing crop production for the growing human population, while also sequestering atmospheric carbon. But reaching these beneficial outcomes requires an understanding of the relationships among biochar's structure, stability, and contribution to soil fertility. Using quantitative C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we show that Terra Preta soils (fertile anthropogenic dark earths in Amazonia that were enriched with char >800 years ago) consist predominantly of char residues composed of similar to 6 fused aromatic rings substituted by COO- groups that significantly increase the soils' cation-exchange capacity and thus the retention of plant nutrients. We also show that highly productive, grassland-derived soils in the U.S, (Mollisols) contain char (generated by presettlement fires) that is structurally comparable to char in the Terra Preta soils and much more abundant than previously thought (similar to 40-50% of organic C). Our findings indicate that these oxidized char residues represent a particularly stable, abundant, and fertility-enhancing form of soil organic matter. C1 [Thompson, M. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mao, J. -D.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Johnson, R. L.; Schmidt-Rohr, K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lehmann, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Olk, D. C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Neves, E. G.] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Arqueol & Etnol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Thompson, ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mlthomps@iastate.edu; srohr@iastate.edu RI Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014 OI Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936 FU NSF [EAR-0843996, CBET-0853950] FX K.S.R. and M.L.T. thank D. A. Laird, R. C. Brown, and C. E. Brewer for insightful discussions on biochar. J.D.M. thanks the NSF (EAR-0843996 and CBET-0853950) for financial support. NR 44 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 8 U2 233 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 17 BP 9571 EP 9576 DI 10.1021/es301107c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998SM UT WOS:000308260700044 PM 22834642 ER PT J AU Birla, K Rivera-Varas, V Secor, G Rudolph, KD Bolton, MD AF Birla, K. Rivera-Varas, V. Secor, G. Rudolph, K. D. Bolton, M. D. TI Characterization of fungicide resistance in Cercospora beticola SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [Birla, K.; Rivera-Varas, V.; Secor, G.; Rudolph, K. D.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bolton, M. D.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000007 ER PT J AU Conrad, AO McPherson, BA Wood, DL Mori, SR Opiyo, SO Bonello, P AF Conrad, A. O. McPherson, B. A. Wood, D. L. Mori, S. R. Opiyo, S. O. Bonello, P. TI Metabolite profiling to predict coast live oak resistance to Phytophthora ramorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [McPherson, B. A.; Wood, D. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Conrad, A. O.; Bonello, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Opiyo, S. O.] Ohio Agr & Res Dev Ctr, Mol & Cellular Imaging Ctr South, Columbus, OH USA. [Mori, S. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000013 ER PT J AU Cruz, CC Peterson, GL Bockus, WW Farman, ML Pedley, KF Stack, JP Magarey, R Fowler, G Tang, X Valent, B AF Cruz, C. C. Peterson, G. L. Bockus, W. W. Farman, M. L. Pedley, K. F. Stack, J. P. Magarey, R. Fowler, G. Tang, X. Valent, B. TI Wheat blast: An emerging threat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [Cruz, C. C.; Bockus, W. W.; Stack, J. P.; Tang, X.; Valent, B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Farman, M. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Magarey, R.; Fowler, G.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Peterson, G. L.; Pedley, K. F.] USDA ARS FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000014 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE McGrath, J Goodwill, TR Beaudry, RM AF Hanson, L. E. McGrath, J. Goodwill, T. R. Beaudry, R. M. TI Variability in postharvest rot response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) recombinant inbred lines SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [Beaudry, R. M.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hanson, L. E.; McGrath, J.; Goodwill, T. R.] USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000022 ER PT J AU Lee, S Mian, R McHale, L Sneller, C Dorrance, A AF Lee, S. Mian, R. McHale, L. Sneller, C. Dorrance, A. TI Identification and comparison of quantitative trait loci conferring partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in PI 427106 and PI 427105B originating from China SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [Lee, S.; McHale, L.; Sneller, C.; Dorrance, A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, R.] ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000029 ER PT J AU Miao, H Willie, K Di, D Stewart, LR Redinbaugh, MG AF Miao, H. Willie, K. Di, D. Stewart, L. R. Redinbaugh, M. G. TI Distribution and titer of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus in maize SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [Miao, H.; Di, D.] Hebei Acad Agr & Forest Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Baoding 071000, Peoples R China. [Willie, K.; Stewart, L. R.; Redinbaugh, M. G.] ARS, USDA, Corn & Soybean Res, Wooster, OH USA. [Willie, K.; Stewart, L. R.; Redinbaugh, M. G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000035 ER PT J AU Rong, X Paul, PA Schisler, DA Gardener, BBM AF Rong, X. Paul, P. A. Schisler, D. A. Gardener, B. B. McSpadden TI Development and application of a qPCR assay to track the spread of a microbial biopesticide SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [Rong, X.; Paul, P. A.; Gardener, B. B. McSpadden] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Schisler, D. A.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000040 ER PT J AU Mendoza, JLZ Francis, DM Redinbaugh, MG AF Mendoza, J. L. Zambrano Francis, D. M. Redinbaugh, M. G. TI Novel sources of resistance to Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) North-Central-Division CY JUN 13-15, 2012 CL Wooster, OH SP Amer Phytopathol Soc (APS), N Cent Div C1 [Mendoza, J. L. Zambrano; Francis, D. M.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Redinbaugh, M. G.] ARS Corn & Soybean Res, USDA, OARDC, Wooster, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 SU 5 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 196SY UT WOS:000322798000049 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL Goodrick, SA Liu, YQ AF Achtemeier, Gary L. Goodrick, Scott A. Liu, Yongqiang TI Modeling Multiple-Core Updraft Plume Rise for an Aerial Ignition Prescribed Burn by Coupling Daysmoke with a Cellular Automata Fire Model SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE fire model; fire spread; smoke; prescribed fires; plume model; air quality ID SIMULATING FIRE; GRASS FIRES; SMOKE; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Smoke plume rise is critically dependent on plume updraft structure. Smoke plumes from landscape burns (forest and agricultural burns) are typically structured into "sub-plumes" or multiple-core updrafts with the number of updraft cores depending on characteristics of the landscape, fire, fuels, and weather. The number of updraft cores determines the efficiency of vertical transport of heat and particulate matter and therefore plume rise. Daysmoke, an empirical-stochastic plume rise model designed for simulating wildland fire plumes, requires updraft core number as an input. In this study, updraft core number was gained via a cellular automata fire model applied to an aerial ignition prescribed burn conducted at Eglin AFB on 6 February 2011. Typically four updraft cores were simulated in agreement with a photo-image of the plume showing three/four distinct sub-plumes. Other Daysmoke input variables were calculated including maximum initial updraft core diameter, updraft core vertical velocity, and relative emissions production. Daysmoke simulated a vertical tower that mushroomed 1,000 m above the mixing height. Plume rise was validated by ceilometer. Simulations with two temperature profiles found 89-93 percent of the PM2.5 released during the flaming phase was transported into the free atmosphere above the mixing layer. The minimal ground-level smoke concentrations were verified by a small network of particulate samplers. Implications of these results for inclusion of wildland fire smoke in air quality models are discussed. C1 [Achtemeier, Gary L.; Goodrick, Scott A.; Liu, Yongqiang] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gachtemeier@fs.fed.us; sgoodrick@fs.fed.us; yliu@fs.fed.us FU Southern Regional Models for Predicting Smoke Movement Project [01.SRS.A.5]; USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan; USDA [JFSP 081606, JFSP 081604]; Department of Interior [JFSP 081606, JFSP 081604]; U.S. Department of Defense through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [SERDP-RC-1647] FX The study is funded as part of the Southern Regional Models for Predicting Smoke Movement Project (01.SRS.A.5) funded by the USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan, the Joint Fire Sciences Program of the USDA and Department of Interior (JFSP 081606 and JFSP 081604), and the U.S. Department of Defense through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP-RC-1647). Kevin Hiers of Eglin AFB is acknowledged for coordination of the RxCadre project. Xindi Bian of the USDA Forest Service North Central Station provided the MM5 weather data and Mehemet Odman of the Georgia Institute of Technology provided the WRF weather data needed to initialize the models. Ken Forbus and David Combs assisted in collection of ceilometer data. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 352 EP 376 DI 10.3390/atmos3030352 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175QY UT WOS:000321247800003 ER PT J AU Chao, DY Silva, A Baxter, I Huang, YS Nordborg, M Danku, J Lahner, B Yakubova, E Salt, DE AF Chao, Dai-Yin Silva, Adriano Baxter, Ivan Huang, Yu S. Nordborg, Magnus Danku, John Lahner, Brett Yakubova, Elena Salt, David E. TI Genome-Wide Association Studies Identify Heavy Metal ATPase3 as the Primary Determinant of Natural Variation in Leaf Cadmium in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-VARIATION; MAPPING POPULATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; EXPRESSION; RICE; TRANSLOCATION; TRANSPORTERS; ARCHITECTURE; P-1B-ATPASE AB Understanding the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants is important to help reduce its potential toxicity to both plants and humans through dietary and environmental exposure. Here, we report on a study to uncover the genetic basis underlying natural variation in Cd accumulation in a world-wide collection of 349 wild collected Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. We identified a 4-fold variation (0.5-2 mu g Cd g(-1) dry weight) in leaf Cd accumulation when these accessions were grown in a controlled common garden. By combining genome-wide association mapping, linkage mapping in an experimental F2 population, and transgenic complementation, we reveal that HMA3 is the sole major locus responsible for the variation in leaf Cd accumulation we observe in this diverse population of A. thaliana accessions. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of HMA3 from 149 A. thaliana accessions reveals the existence of 10 major natural protein haplotypes. Association of these haplotypes with leaf Cd accumulation and genetics complementation experiments indicate that 5 of these haplotypes are active and 5 are inactive, and that elevated leaf Cd accumulation is associated with the reduced function of HMA3 caused by a nonsense mutation and polymorphisms that change two specific amino acids. C1 [Chao, Dai-Yin; Danku, John; Salt, David E.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Chao, Dai-Yin; Silva, Adriano; Lahner, Brett; Yakubova, Elena; Salt, David E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Baxter, Ivan] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Huang, Yu S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Nordborg, Magnus] Austrian Acad Sci, Gregor Mendel Inst Mol Plant Biol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Chao, DY (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. EM david.salt@abdn.ac.uk RI Chao, Daiyin/A-5213-2013; Danku, John/C-3477-2014; Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009 OI Danku, John/0000-0002-5103-3852; Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722 FU US National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [2R01GM078536] FX This work was funded by the US National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences award number 2R01GM078536. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 86 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 8 IS 9 AR e1002923 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002923 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 020NK UT WOS:000309817900009 PM 22969436 ER PT J AU Yang, JI Benecke, S Jeske, DR Rocha, FS Becker, JS Timper, P Becker, JO Borneman, J AF Yang, Jiue-In Benecke, Scott Jeske, Daniel R. Rocha, Fernando S. Becker, Jennifer Smith Timper, Patricia Becker, J. Ole Borneman, James TI Population Dynamics of Dactylella oviparasitica and Heterodera schachtii: Toward a Decision Model for Sugar Beet Planting SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dactylella oviparasitica; Heterodera schachtii; nematophagous; sugarbeet cyst nematode; suppressive soil; Arkansas Fungus (ARF) ID SOIL SUPPRESSIVENESS; FUNGAL PARASITES; IDENTIFICATION; EGGS; CALIFORNIA; GLYCINES; EFFICACY; PRIMERS; DNA AB A series of experiments were performed to examine the population dynamics of the sugarbeet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, and the nematophagus fungus Dactylella oviparasitica. After two nematode generations, the population densities of H. schachtii were measured in relation to various initial infestation densities of both D. oviparasitica and H. schachtii. In general, higher initial population densities of D. oviparasitica were associated with lower final population densities of H. schachtii. Regression models showed that the initial densities of D. oviparasitica were only significant when predicting the final densities of H. schachtii J2 and eggs as well as fungal egg parasitism, while the initial densities of J2 were significant for all final H. schachtii population density measurements. We also showed that the densities of H. schachtii-associated D. oviparasitica fluctuate greatly, with rRNA gene numbers going from zero in most field-soil-collected cysts to an average of 4.24 x 10(8) in mature females isolated directly from root surfaces. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of rRNA genes suggested that D. oviparasitica belongs to a clade of nematophagous fungi that includes Arkansas Fungus strain L (ARF-L) and that these fungi are widely distributed. We anticipate that these findings will provide foundational data facilitating the development of more effective decision models for sugar beet planting. C1 [Yang, Jiue-In; Borneman, James] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Benecke, Scott; Jeske, Daniel R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Becker, Jennifer Smith; Becker, J. Ole] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rocha, Fernando S.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Lab Fitopatol, BR-39404547 Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. [Timper, Patricia] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Yang, JI (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM obecker@ucr.edu; borneman@ucr.edu OI YANG, JIUE-IN/0000-0002-2254-4151 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2007-35302-18164]; California Sugar Beet Industry Research Committee; University of California Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors thank John Darsow for his technical assistance. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), grant 2007-35302-18164, the California Sugar Beet Industry Research Committee and the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 44 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164ZN UT WOS:000320452000001 PM 23481664 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, D Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Tedders, WL AF Shapiro-Ilan, David Rojas, M. Guadalupe Morales-Ramos, Juan A. Tedders, W. Louis TI Optimization of a Host Diet for in vivo Production of Entomopathogenic Nematodes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis; host diet; in vivo; mass production; Steinernema ID HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; ENHANCEMENT; VIRULENCE; TRAITS; MEDIA AB To facilitate improved in vivo culture of entomopathogenic nematodes, production of both insect hosts and nematodes should be optimized for maximum fitness, quality, and cost efficiency. In previous studies, we developed an improved diet for Tenebrio molitor, a host that is used for in vivo nematode production, and we demonstrated that single insect diet components (e. g., lipids and proteins) can have a positive or negative impact on entomopathogenic nematode fitness and quality. In this study, we tested components of our improved T. molitor diet (lipids, cholesterol, and a salt [MnSO4]) alone and in combination for effects on host susceptibility and reproductive capacity of Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae. Our results indicated that moderate levels of lipids (10%) increased host susceptibility to S. carpocapsae but did not affect H. indica, whereas cholesterol and MnSO4 increased host susceptibility to H. indica but not S. carpocapsae. The combined T. molitor diet (improved for increased insect growth) increased host susceptibility to S. carpocapsae and had a neutral effect on H. indica; interactions among single diet ingredients were observed. No effects of insect host diet were detected on the reproductive capacity of either nematode species in T. molitor. Subsequently, progeny infective juveniles, derived from nematodes grown in T. molitor that were fed diets with varying nutritive components were tested for virulence to and reproduction capacity in the target pest Diaprepes abbreviatus. The progeny nematodes produced from differing T. molitor diet treatments did not differ in virulence except H. indica derived from a diet that lacked cholesterol or MnS0(4) (but contained lipids) did not cause significant D. abbreviatus suppression relative to the water control. We conclude that the improved insect host diet is compatible with production of H. indica and S. carpocapsae, and increases host susceptibility in S. carpocapsae. Furthermore, in a general sense, our results indicate host diets can be optimized for improved in vivo entomopathogenic nematode production efficiency. This is the first report of an insect diet that was optimized for both host and entomopathogenic nematode production. Additionally, our study indicates that host diet may impact broader aspects of entomopathogenic nematode ecology and pest control efficacy. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Rojas, M. Guadalupe; Morales-Ramos, Juan A.] USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Tedders, W. Louis] Southeastern Insectaries Inc, Perry, GA 31069 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 FU USDA-SBIR FX The authors thank Terri Brearley, Leigh Ann Colley, and Wanda Evans for technical assistance and the USDA-SBIR program for funding a portion of this research. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 44 IS 3 BP 264 EP 273 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164ZN UT WOS:000320452000005 PM 23481558 ER PT J AU Chong, JH Weaver, JS Reid, LS AF Chong, Juang-Horng Weaver, John S. Reid, Laurie S. TI NEW RECORDS OF BARK AND AMBROSIA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) FROM SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A. SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID XYLOSANDRUS-MUTILATUS C1 [Chong, Juang-Horng] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. [Weaver, John S.] USDA APHIS PPQ, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [Reid, Laurie S.] South Carolina Forestry Commiss, Columbia, SC 29212 USA. RP Chong, JH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM juanghc@clemson.edu; John.S.Weaver@aphis.usda.gov; lreid@forestry.state.sc.us NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 250 EP 252 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 142UG UT WOS:000318822500011 ER PT J AU Jain, TB Pilliod, DS Graham, RT Lentile, LB Sandquist, JE AF Jain, Theresa B. Pilliod, David S. Graham, Russell T. Lentile, Leigh B. Sandquist, Jonathan E. TI Index for Characterizing Post-Fire Soil Environments in Temperate Coniferous Forests SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE fire effects; fire severity; soil burn severity; post-fire soil productivity; post-fire microbes; post-fire niche ID FIRE SEVERITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BURN SEVERITY; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; WATER REPELLENCY; WILDFIRE; VEGETATION; NITROGEN AB Many scientists and managers have an interest in describing the environment following a fire to understand the effects on soil productivity, vegetation growth, and wildlife habitat, but little research has focused on the scientific rationale for classifying the post-fire environment. We developed an empirically-grounded soil post-fire index (PFI) based on available science and ecological thresholds. Using over 50 literature sources, we identified a minimum of five broad categories of post-fire outcomes: (a) unburned, (b) abundant surface organic matter (>85% surface organic matter), (c) moderate amount of surface organic matter (>= 40 through 85%), (d) small amounts of surface organic matter (<40%), and (e) absence of surface organic matter (no organic matter left). We then subdivided each broad category on the basis of post-fire mineral soil colors providing a more fine-tuned post-fire soil index. We related each PFI category to characteristics such as soil temperature and duration of heating during fire, and physical, chemical, and biological responses. Classifying or describing post-fire soil conditions consistently will improve interpretations of fire effects research and facilitate communication of potential responses or outcomes (e.g., erosion potential) from fires of varying severities. C1 [Jain, Theresa B.; Graham, Russell T.; Sandquist, Jonathan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Lentile, Leigh B.] Univ South, Dept Forestry & Geol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tjain@fs.fed.us; dpilliod@usgs.gov; rtgraham@fs.fed.us; lblentil@sewanee.edu; jsandquist@fs.fed.us OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU National Fire Plan Funding through the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX The authors thank Michael Ryan, Robert Keane, Kathleen Dwire, and Kristen Meyer, who gave their time and provided invaluable comments during the preparation of the manuscript. In addition, we thank the many people who provided their ideas, comments, and concerns during the process of developing the indices, resulting in considerable thought and discussion which led to the PFIs we present. Most importantly we thank the referees for their thoughtful and thorough reviews. The funding from this work was provided by National Fire Plan Funding and was distributed through the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 99 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 445 EP 466 DI 10.3390/f3030445 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 096OX UT WOS:000315415200001 ER PT J AU McGinley, K Alvarado, R Cubbage, F Diaz, D Donoso, PJ Jacovine, LAG de Silva, FL MacIntyre, C Zalazar, EM AF McGinley, Kathleen Alvarado, Raquel Cubbage, Frederick Diaz, Diana Donoso, Pablo J. Goncalves Jacovine, Laercio Antonio de Silva, Fabiano Luiz MacIntyre, Charles Monges Zalazar, Elizabeth TI Regulating the Sustainability of Forest Management in the Americas: Cross-Country Comparisons of Forest Legislation SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE forest regulation; sustainable forest management policy; Latin America; North America ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TROPICAL FOREST; COSTA-RICA; BIODIVERSITY; INDICATORS; STANDARDS; IMPACTS AB Based on theoretical underpinnings and an empirical review of forest laws and regulations of selected countries throughout the Americas, we examine key components of natural forest management and how they are addressed in the legal frameworks of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the U.S. We consider forest policy directives in terms of legislative, planning, operational, environmental/ecological, social, and economic aspects and classify them by the type of policy obligation: (1) non-discretionary laws or rules; or (2) discretionary, voluntary directives; and, further, by the type of policy approach: (1) a specific technology or practice required or recommended; (2) a process or system requirement or recommendation; or (3) a performance or outcome based requirement or recommendation. Protection of at-risk species and riparian buffers are required in all countries and include specific prescriptions in most; forest management planning and secure, legal land title or tenancy are commonly required; and mandatory processes to protect soil and water quality are customary. Less common requirements include forest monitoring and social and economic aspects, and, when in place, they are usually voluntary. Implications for improved policies to achieve sustainable forest management (SFM) are discussed. C1 [McGinley, Kathleen] US Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Alvarado, Raquel] Univ Republica, Dept Geog, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay. [Cubbage, Frederick] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Diaz, Diana] INTA, EEA Concordia, RA-3200 Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina. [Donoso, Pablo J.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Recursos Nat, Inst Silvicultura, Valdivia, Chile. [Goncalves Jacovine, Laercio Antonio] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Monges Zalazar, Elizabeth] Univ Nacl Asunc, Fac Ciencias Agr, Dept Silvicultura & Ordenac Forestal, San Lorenzo, Paraguay. RP McGinley, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM kmcginley@fs.fed.us; alvarado@fcien.edu.uy; fred_cubbage@ncsu.edu; ddiaz@correo.inta.gov.ar; pdonoso@uach.cl; jacovine@ufv.br; fabianocoop@yahoo.com.br; cwmacintyre@gmail.com; lizamonges@gmail.com NR 84 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 467 EP 505 DI 10.3390/f3030467 PG 39 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 096OX UT WOS:000315415200002 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Fan, XL Crosby, MK Moser, WK He, H Spetich, MA Shifley, SR AF Fan, Zhaofei Fan, Xiuli Crosby, Michael K. Moser, W. Keith He, Hong Spetich, Martin A. Shifley, Stephen R. TI Spatio-Temporal Trends of Oak Decline and Mortality under Periodic Regional Drought in the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE oak decline; drought; Forest Inventory and Analysis; kernel density smoothing; cross-correlation ID UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAINS; FORESTS; BORER AB At the forest landscape/region level, based on annual Forest Inventory and Analysis plot data from 1999 to 2010, oak decline and mortality trends for major oak species (groups) were examined in the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri. Oak decline has elevated cumulative mortality of red oak species to between 11 and 15 percent in terms of relative density and basal area of standing dead oak trees, respectively. These values are three to five times higher than for white oak group and non-oak species. Oak decline and associated escalating mortality have occurred primarily in red oak species while the white oak group has maintained a relatively stable mortality rate that is comparable to non-oak species. Cross-correlation analyses indicate that mortality in the red oak group was significantly correlated with the growing season Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and usually lagged two to three years following single drought events. Moreover, based on the past 17 years PDSI data, it appears that the cumulative impacts of drought may last up to 10 years. The Ozark Highlands experienced a severe drought extending from 1998 to 2000 and another milder drought from 2005 to 2006. These drought events triggered the escalation of mortality starting around year 2000. Spatially, high red oak mortality sites (hot spots with proportional basal area mortality >0.12) initially occurred in the central Ozarks and spread gradually over most of the Ozark Highlands as regional droughts continued. In contrast, sites with elevated white oak and non-oak mortality occurred sporadically, mainly in the southern portion (Arkansas) of the Ozark Highlands. During the most recent inventory period (2006-2010), over 60%, 7% and 5% of red oak, white oak and non-oak groups, respectively, had relative mortality rates of >12%. C1 [Fan, Zhaofei; Fan, Xiuli; Crosby, Michael K.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moser, W. Keith] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [He, Hong] Univ Missouri Columbia, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Spetich, Martin A.] US Forest Serv, Arkansas Forest Sci Lab, Southern Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Shifley, Stephen R.] Univ Missouri Columbia, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fan, ZF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM zfan@cfr.msstate.edu; xfan@cfr.msstate.edu; mkc34@msstate.edu; wkmoser@fs.fed.us; heh@missouri.edu; mspetich@fs.fed.us; sshifley@fs.fed.us OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU U.S. Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring program [SO-EM-F-10-01, NC-EM-F-09-02, SO-EM-06-04] FX This research was funded through grants SO-EM-F-10-01, NC-EM-F-09-02, and SO-EM-06-04 from the U.S. Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring program. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 614 EP 631 DI 10.3390/f3030614 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 096OX UT WOS:000315415200009 ER PT J AU Klepzig, KD Ferro, ML Ulyshen, MD Gimmel, ML Mahfouz, JB Tiarks, AE Carlton, CE AF Klepzig, Kier D. Ferro, Michael L. Ulyshen, Michael D. Gimmel, Matthew L. Mahfouz, Jolie B. Tiarks, Allan E. Carlton, Chris E. TI Effects of Small-Scale Dead Wood Additions on Beetles in Southeastern U.S. Pine Forests SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE arthropods; biodiversity; coarse woody debris; epigeic; insects; slash ID 4 PRIMEVAL FORESTS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CARABIDAE ASSEMBLAGES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; CENTRAL SLOVAKIA; UNITED-STATES; BEECH FOREST; LEAF-LITTER; DEBRIS; ARTHROPODS AB Pitfall traps were used to sample beetles (Coleoptera) in plots with or without inputs of dead loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) wood at four locations (Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and Texas) on the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. The plots were established in 1998 and sampling took place in 1998, 1999, and 2002 (only 1998 for North Carolina). Overall, beetles were more species rich, abundant and diverse in dead wood addition plots than in reference plots. While these differences were greatest in 1998 and lessened thereafter, they were not found to be significant in 1998 due largely to interactions between location and treatment. Specifically, the results from North Carolina were inconsistent with those from the other three locations. When these data were excluded from the analyses, the differences in overall beetle richness for 1998 became statistically significant. Beetle diversity was significantly higher in the dead wood plots in 1999 but by 2002 there were no differences between dead wood added and control plots. The positive influence of dead wood additions on the beetle community can be largely attributed to the saproxylic fauna (species dependent on dead wood), which, when analyzed separately, were significantly more species rich and diverse in dead wood plots in 1998 and 1999. Ground beetles (Carabidae) and other species, by contrast, were not significantly affected. These results suggest manipulations of dead wood in pine forests have variable effects on beetles according to life history characteristics. C1 [Klepzig, Kier D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Ferro, Michael L.; Carlton, Chris E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ulyshen, Michael D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Gimmel, Matthew L.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Mahfouz, Jolie B.; Tiarks, Allan E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Klepzig, KD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM kklepzig@fs.fed.us; spongymesophyll@gmail.com; mulyshen@fs.fed.us; phalacrid@gmail.com; joliemahfouz@msn.com; aetiarks@att.net; ccarlt@lsu.edu RI Gimmel, Matthew/F-3389-2013 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 632 EP 652 DI 10.3390/f3030632 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 096OX UT WOS:000315415200010 ER PT J AU Woods, M Thornsbury, S Raper, KC AF Woods, Mollie Thornsbury, Suzanne Raper, Kellie Curry TI Beyond Market Access: Value From Food Safety Certification of Fresh Strawberries SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID STRATEGIC RESPONSES; MEAT INDUSTRY; STANDARDS; SYSTEM; IMPACT; COST AB Not all food safety practices are legislatively mandated; voluntary adoption is common but in many cases does not represent an exogenous choice for an individual firm that wants to maintain market access. The authors examine how adoption of food safety practices can also provide nonmarket-access benefits to a firm. In contrast to previous work that focused on consumer demand impacts from adoption and/or third-party certification, the authors concentrate on cost-saving benefits and particularly on reduction in product shrinkage. They use an interregional model of the North American fresh strawberry market to illustrate whether firms are able to capture such savings in a competitive market, given market structure and regional trade patterns. [EconLit classification: Q180, D240]. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Woods, Mollie] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, Prod Ctr AgFoodBio, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thornsbury, Suzanne] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Raper, Kellie Curry] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Woods, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, Prod Ctr AgFoodBio, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM willi751@anr.msu.edu; sthornsbury@ers.usdsa.gov; Kellie.Raper@okstate.edu FU USDA [55705-8824] FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by USDA agreement #55705-8824. The views in this paper do not necessarily represent those of ERS or USDA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD FAL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1002/agr.21303 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 084JA UT WOS:000314533800006 ER PT J AU Richardson, ML Richardson, SL Hall, DG AF Richardson, Matthew L. Richardson, Scott L. Hall, David G. TI Using Biological-Control Research in the Classroom to Promote Scientific Inquiry & Literacy SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Article DE Student-centered inquiry; applied ecology; National Science Education Standards; constructivist pedagogy; Bloom's taxonomy; Diaphorina citri ID SCIENCE; MODEL; DISEASE; INSECT; PLANTS; CITRUS AB Scientists researching biological control should engage in education because translating research programs into classroom activities is a pathway to increase scientific literacy among students. Classroom activities focused on biological control target all levels of biological organization and can be cross-disciplinary by drawing from subject areas such as ecology, molecular biology, physiology, and chemistry. We evaluate published "how-to" biological-control activities to determine whether they meet National Science Education Standards and use a constructivist pedagogical approach. We also provide an example classroom activity developed from our research that scientists can use as a template to develop their science-education activities. C1 [Richardson, Matthew L.; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Richardson, Scott L.] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Educ Fdn, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. RP Richardson, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM matthew.richardson@ars.usda.gov; scott.richardson@millersville.edu; david.hall@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA SN 0002-7685 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 74 IS 7 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1525/abt.2012.74.7.4 PG 7 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA 080GE UT WOS:000314228800004 ER PT J AU Thomsen, BV Schneider, DA O'Rourke, KI Gidlewski, T McLane, J Allen, RW McIsaac, AA Mitchell, GB Keane, DP Spraker, TR Balachandran, A AF Thomsen, Bruce V. Schneider, David A. O'Rourke, Katherine I. Gidlewski, Thomas McLane, James Allen, Robert W. McIsaac, Alex A. Mitchell, Gordon B. Keane, Delwyn P. Spraker, Terry R. Balachandran, Aru TI Diagnostic accuracy of rectal mucosa biopsy testing for chronic wasting disease within white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herds in North America: Effects of age, sex, polymorphism at PRNP codon 96, and disease progression SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Chronic wasting disease; rectal mucosa biopsy; white-tailed deer ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; PRION PROTEIN; VALIDATION; HEMIONUS; SCRAPIE; PRPCWD; SAMPLES; SHEEP AB An effective live animal diagnostic test is needed to assist in the control of chronic wasting disease (CWD), which has spread through captive and wild herds of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Canada and the United States. In the present study, the diagnostic accuracy of rectal mucosa biopsy sample testing was determined in white-tailed deer from 4 CWD-infected captive herds. Specifically, the current study compared the immunohistochemical detection of disease-associated prion protein in postmortem rectal mucosa biopsy samples to the CWD status of each deer as determined by immunodiagnostic evaluations of the brainstem at the obex, the medial retropharyngeal lymph node, and the palatine tonsil. The effects of age, sex, genotype, and disease progression were also evaluated. Diagnostic sensitivity on rectal biopsy samples for CWD in white-tailed deer ranged from 63% to 100%; the pooled estimate of sensitivity was 68% with 95% confidence limits (95% CLs) of 49% and 82%. However, diagnostic sensitivity was dependent on genotype at prion protein gene (PRNP) codon 96 and on disease progression as assessed by obex grade. Diagnostic sensitivity was 76% (95% CLs: 49%, 91%) for 96GG deer but only 42% (95% CLs: 13%, 79%) for 96GS deer. Furthermore, diagnostic sensitivity was only 36% for deer in the earliest stage of disease (obex grade 0) but was 100% for deer in the last 2 stages of preclinical disease (obex grades 3 and 4). The overall diagnostic specificity was 99.8%. Selective use of antemortem rectal biopsy sample testing would provide valuable information during disease investigations of CWD-suspect deer herds. C1 [Thomsen, Bruce V.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Schneider, David A.; O'Rourke, Katherine I.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Gidlewski, Thomas] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [McLane, James] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Battleford, SK, Canada. [Allen, Robert W.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Prince Albert, SK, Canada. [McIsaac, Alex A.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Mitchell, Gordon B.; Balachandran, Aru] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl & OIE Reference Lab Scrapie & CWD, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Keane, Delwyn P.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thomsen, BV (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bruce.v.thomsen@aphis.usda.gov RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010 OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731 FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency [CRTI-085]; USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 5348-32000-030-00D] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work supported through funding from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CRTI-085), USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Agricultural Research Service (CRIS 5348-32000-030-00D). NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 20 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 24 IS 5 BP 878 EP 887 DI 10.1177/1040638712453582 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 082NA UT WOS:000314397500007 PM 22914819 ER PT J AU Yoshioka-Tarver, M Condon, BD Easson, MW Nam, S Fortier, CA Madison, CA Ingber, BF AF Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi Condon, Brian D. Easson, Michael W. Nam, Sunghyun Fortier, Chanel A. Madison, Crista A. Ingber, Bruce F. TI Influence of N-P Base Fiber Reactive Organophosphorus Flame Retardant on Cotton Thermal Behavior SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Flame Resistance; Hydrolysis; Organophosphonate; Steam Curing ID PHOSPHORUS-NITROGEN SYNERGISM; LIMITING-OXYGEN INDEX; CYANURIC CHLORIDE; DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISMS; PHOSPHATE; FABRICS AB The enhanced flame resistance properties of a covalently-bonded flame retardant were observed on fabrics treated with a reactive cyanuric chloride linked compound. The thermal behavior of durable and nondurable finished fabrics were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and flame test. The compound effectively served as a semi-durable flame retardant system on cotton fabric at substantially lower than usual mass and phosphorus concentration levels when bonded to cotton. Non-bonded flame retardant, on the other hand, also showed enhanced flame resistance properties when 10% to 48% chlorine atoms per phosphorus atom were present due to the phosphorus-chlorine synergism. C1 [Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi; Condon, Brian D.; Easson, Michael W.; Nam, Sunghyun; Fortier, Chanel A.; Madison, Crista A.; Ingber, Bruce F.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Condon, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Brian.Condon@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 52 EP 59 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 075ZJ UT WOS:000313925900006 ER PT J AU Thomson, JL Tussing-Humphreys, LM Martin, CK LeBlanc, MM Onufrak, SJ AF Thomson, Jessica L. Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa M. Martin, Corby K. LeBlanc, Monique M. Onufrak, Stephen J. TI Associations among School Characteristics and Foodservice Practices in a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Schools SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE school; food service; nutrition policy; overweight ID CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FOOD ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH POLICIES; RECOMMENDATIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; PERSONNEL; PROGRAMS; CHILDREN; ENERGY AB Objective: Determine school characteristics associated with healthy/unhealthy food service offerings or healthy food preparation practices. Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. Setting: Nationally representative sample of public and private elementary, middle, and high schools. Participants: Data from the 2006 School Health Policies and Practices Study Food Service School Questionnaire, n = 526 for Healthy and Unhealthy Offerings analysis; n = 520 for Healthy Preparation analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Scores for healthy/unhealthy foodservice offerings and healthy food preparation practices. Analysis: Multivariable regression to determine significant associations among school characteristics and offerings/preparation practices. Results: Public schools and schools participating in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Team Nutrition reported more healthy offerings and preparation than private or nonparticipating schools, respectively. Elementary schools reported fewer unhealthy offerings than middle or high schools; middle schools reported fewer unhealthy offerings than high schools. Schools requiring foodservice managers to have a college education reported more healthy preparation, whereas those requiring completion of a foodservice training program reported fewer unhealthy offerings and more healthy preparation than schools without these requirements. Conclusions and Implications: Results suggest the school nutrition environment may be improved by requiring foodservice managers to hold a nutrition-related college degree and/or successfully pass a foodservice training program, and by participating in a school-based nutrition program, such as USDA Team Nutrition. C1 [Thomson, Jessica L.] Louisiana State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tussing-Humphreys, Lisa M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Martin, Corby K.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [LeBlanc, Monique M.] SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Psychol, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Onufrak, Stephen J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 284 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jessica.thomson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service Project [6435-51000-009-00D]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant [K23 DK068052] FX This work was sponsored in part by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Project 6435-51000-009-00D and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K23 DK068052 (PI: C. Martin). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or politics of the USDA or NIH, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 EI 1878-2620 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 44 IS 5 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2012.01.009 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077UC UT WOS:000314052700007 PM 22963956 ER PT J AU Schoeneberger, M Bentrup, G de Gooijer, H Soolaneyakanahally, R Sauer, T Brendle, J Zhou, XH Current, D AF Schoeneberger, Michele Bentrup, Gary de Gooijer, Henry Soolaneyakanahally, Raju Sauer, Tom Brendle, James Zhou, Xinhua Current, Dean TI Branching out: Agroforestry as a climate change mitigation and adaptation tool for agriculture SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NITROUS-OXIDE; UNITED-STATES; INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; TEMPERATE REGION; WOODY BIOMASS; SOIL-EROSION; ELEVATED CO2; CORN-BELT C1 [Schoeneberger, Michele; Bentrup, Gary] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [de Gooijer, Henry; Soolaneyakanahally, Raju] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Agroforestry Dev Ctr, Indian Head, SK, Canada. [Sauer, Tom] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Brendle, James] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Zhou, Xinhua] Univ Kansas, Dept Biostat, Kansas City, KS USA. [Current, Dean] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resource & Agr Management, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schoeneberger, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 58 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 128A EP 136A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.128A PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900004 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Stewart, CE Pruessner, EG Kimble, JM AF Follett, R. F. Stewart, C. E. Pruessner, E. G. Kimble, J. M. TI Effects of climate change on soil carbon and nitrogen storage in the US Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; mean annual temperature; potential evapotranspiration; soil carbon; soil nitrogen ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM; CO2; PRECIPITATION; IMPACT; SEQUESTRATION; CONSERVATION; RESPIRATION AB Soils of the US Great Plains contain enormous stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) that are vulnerable to predicted climate and land use change. Climate change scenarios predict a 2.2 degrees C to 3.6 degrees C (4 degrees F to 6.5 degrees F) increase and more variability in precipitation across most of the United States. This study quantifies management effects (native grassland, Conservation Reserve Program [CRP], and cropped) on SOC and SON stocks across the region and assessed soil variables (soil texture, cation exchange capacity and others) and climatic drivers (precipitation and temperature) to predict future changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks. Across all sites, cropped land had significantly lower C and N stocks in the 0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 in) and 0 to 10 cm (0 to 3.9 in) depths than native sites, while CRP sites were intermediate. Mean annual temperature (MAT), the ratio of mean annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (MAP:PET), soil bulk density (BD), and clay content were important covariates for SOC and SON stocks within land use. Soil C and N stocks under all three land uses were strongly negatively related to MAT and positively related to MAP:PET, suggesting that they are equally vulnerable to increased temperature and decreasing water availability Based on these empirical relationships, a 1 degrees C (1.8 degrees F) increase in MAT could cause a loss of 486 Tg SOC (536 million tn) and a loss of 180 kg SON ha(-1) (160 lb SON ac(-1)) from the top 10 cm (3.9 in) of soil over 30 years, but the decrease will be mediated by water availability (MAP:PET). Combined, increased temperature and conversion from CRP to cropland could decrease the existing SOC sink, but improved soil management and increased water availability may help offset these losses in the US Great Plains. C1 [Follett, R. F.; Stewart, C. E.] ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kimble, J. M.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. OI Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS); USDA ARS GRACEnet project; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); USDA NRCS Soil Survey Laboratory (National Soil Survey Center) FX This research was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), including funds from the USDA ARS GRACEnet project and partly by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Authors acknowledge the important technical contributions of Edward Buenger, physical science technician, Fort Collins, Colorado (retired); Susan Sampson-Liebig, soil scientist with the NRCS, Bismarck, North Dakota; and many student employees. Gratefully acknowledged is field coordination in the form of assistance by USDA, NRCS, and ARS personnel in several states where samples were collected as is the laboratory support provided by the USDA NRCS Soil Survey Laboratory (National Soil Survey Center). NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 57 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.331 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900007 ER PT J AU Dabney, SM Yoder, DC Vieira, DAN AF Dabney, S. M. Yoder, D. C. Vieira, D. A. N. TI The application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Version 2, to evaluate the impacts of alternative climate change scenarios on runoff and sediment yield SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ephemeral gully erosion; deposition; geographic information system; light detection and ranging (LiDAR); soil erosion; vegetative barrier ID RAINFALL EROSIVITY; UNITED-STATES; PART II; PRECIPITATION; EROSION; COVER; US AB The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation,Version 2 (RUSLE2), provides robust estimates of average annual sheet and rill erosion for one-dimensional hillslope representations. Extensive databases describing climate, soils, and management options have been developed and are widely used in the United States for conservation planning. Recent RUSLE2 enhancements allow estimation of erosion and runoff from a representative sequence of runoff events that are suitable for linkage with an ephemeral gully model.This paper reviews the sensitivity of RUSLE2 erosion estimates to possible climate change scenarios, demonstrates its ability to evaluate alternative management adaptations, and compares predictions with observations of runoff and sediment yield from a 6.6 ha (16 ac) research watershed located near, Treynor, Iowa.When applied to a representative hillslope profile with conventional tillage corn (Zea mays L.), increasing monthly temperature by 0.8 degrees C (1.5 degrees F) and rainfall depth, rainfall erosivity density, and 10-year, 24-hour rainfall depth each by 10% cumulatively increased sheet and rill erosion by 47% and increased runoff by 33%, assuming there was no change in corn yield. If the climate changes decreased corn yield by 10%, the overall effect was to increase soil loss for conservation planning by 63%.These results demonstrate that modest and expected changes in climate will significantly increase the risk of soil erosion, and improved conservation management will be an important part of successful adaptation. C1 [Dabney, S. M.] ARS, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Yoder, D. C.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Vieira, D. A. N.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, State Univ, AR USA. RP Dabney, SM (reprint author), ARS, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 32 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.343 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900008 ER PT J AU Chen, J Xu, W Velten, J Xin, Z Stout, J AF Chen, J. Xu, W. Velten, J. Xin, Z. Stout, J. TI Characterization of maize inbred lines for drought and heat tolerance SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; crop production; drought; germplasm; high temperature; maize ID AFRICAN MAIZE; KERNEL GROWTH; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; 21ST-CENTURY; PRODUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; POLLINATION; METABOLISM; YIELD AB Drought and high temperature are two major environmental factors that severely limit plant productivity in the United States and worldwide, often causing extensive economic loss to agriculture. As global climate change progresses, agricultural production worldwide faces serious threats from frequent extreme weather conditions. Integrated approaches that improve the efficiency of agricultural water use and development of plant varieties that can alleviate the negative impacts of environmental stresses to maintain yield stability are essential to sustain and increase agriculture production. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major crop in the United States and worldwide. Its production and yield stability are greatly affected by drought and high temperature stresses. Improving drought and heat tolerance in maize has become one of the top priorities for maize breeding programs in both private and public sectors. Identification of maize germplasm with superior drought and/or heat tolerance is essential and prerequisite for such propose. In this report, we evaluated a selection of maize inbred lines for drought and heat stress tolerance under field conditions in 2009 and 2010 and identified several inbred lines that showed high tolerance to drought. Tolerant inbred lines (Tx205, C2A554-4, and B76) were able to maintain relatively high leaf relative water content when subjected to drought stress, while sensitive lines (B73 and C273A) showed a rapid reduction in leaf relative water content at very early stage of drought.The tolerant lines also showed significantly greater ability to maintain vegetative growth and alleviate damage to reproductive tissues under drought conditions compared to the sensitive lines. Maize inbred lines and hybrids were also evaluated, for tolerance to high temperature under well-watered conditions through field observations following the occurrence of major heat events. Maize inbred lines of distinct heat tolerance phenotype were identified. Furthermore, genetic and phenotypic analysis showed that maize hybrids made from inbred lines with superior heat tolerance inherited an enhanced tolerance to elevated temperatures.The tolerant germplasm accessions, like those identified in this study, are essential materials for breeding drought- and/or heat-tolerant maize hybrids. Study for the potential use of such materials to produce maize hybrids that are able to alleviate the negative impacts of drought and heat stress on the growth and development of maize plants is underway. C1 [Chen, J.; Velten, J.; Xin, Z.] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. [Stout, J.] ARS, USDA, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. [Xu, W.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 41 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 354 EP 364 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.354 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900009 ER PT J AU Stockle, C Higgins, S Kemanian, A Nelson, R Huggins, D Marcos, J Collins, H AF Stoeckle, C. Higgins, S. Kemanian, A. Nelson, R. Huggins, D. Marcos, J. Collins, H. TI Carbon storage and nitrous oxide emissions of cropping systems in eastern Washington: A simulation study SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE CropSyst; greenhouse gases emission; nitrous oxide; simulation model; soil organic carbon; tillage ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; LONG-TERM; MATTER DYNAMICS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GRASSLAND SOILS; MODELING CARBON; WATER EROSION; WHEAT-FALLOW AB Conservation tillage is an agricultural strategy to mitigate atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In eastern Washington, we evaluated the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions at three dryland and one irrigated location using the cropping systems simulation model CropSyst. Conversion of CT to NT produced the largest relative increase in SOC storage (Delta SOC, average yearly change relative to CT) in the top 30 cm (11.8 in) of soil where Delta SOC ranged from 0.29 to 0.53 Mg CO(2)e ha(-1) y(-1) (CO(2)e is carbon dioxide [CO2] equivalent of SOC; 0.13 to 0.24 tn CO(2)e ac(-1) yr(-1)).The Delta SOC were less with lower annual precipitation, greater fallow frequency, and when changing from CT to RT. Overall, Delta SOC decreased from the first to the third decade after conversion from CT to NT or RT. Simulations of Delta SOC for the conversion of CT to NT based on a 0 to 15 cm (0 to 5.9 in) soil depth were greater than the Delta SOC based on a 0 to 30 cm depth, primarily due to differences among tillage regimes in the depth-distribution of carbon (C) inputs and the resultant SOC distribution with depth. Soil erosion rates under CT in the study region are high, posing deleterious effects on soil quality, productivity, and aquatic systems. However, an analysis that includes deposition, burial, and sedimentation on terrestrial and aquatic systems of eroded SOC indicates that the substantial erosion reduction obtained with RT and NT may result only in minor additional SOC oxidation as compared to CT Simulated N2O emissions, expressed as CO2 equivalent, were not very different under CT, RT, and NT However, N2O emissions were sufficiently high to offset gains in SOC from the conversion of CT to RT or NT.Thus, reducing tillage intensity can result in net C storage, but mitigation of GHG is limited unless it is coupled with nitrogen (N) fertilizer management to also reduce N2O emission. C1 [Stoeckle, C.; Higgins, S.; Nelson, R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kemanian, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Huggins, D.] ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [Marcos, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Collins, H.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Lab, Prosser, WA USA. RP Stockle, C (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture [201-68002-30191] FX This research was supported in part by the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation and Award #201-68002-30191 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 46 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.365 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900010 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Hubbs, MD Norfleet, ML AF Franzluebbers, A. J. Hubbs, M. D. Norfleet, M. L. TI Evaluating soil organic carbon sequestration potential in the Cotton Belt with the soil conditioning index SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate; conservation tillage; cover cropping; crop rotation; modeling ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; COASTAL-PLAIN; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; USA; SYSTEMS; FRACTIONS; ROTATION; NITROGEN AB Simulation models that are sensitive to management, edaphic factors, and climate could provide insights into how land owners and producers might be able to sequester soil organic carbon (C) and engage in emerging carbon markets. In this study, the soil conditioning index (SCI) embedded in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE2) model was used to predict (1) potential soil organic C sequestration under conventional and conservation management of a diversity of cotton cropping systems throughout the Cotton Belt and (2) relative influences of soil texture, slope, climatic conditions, and management on potential soil organic C sequestration. Across 10 regions of the Cotton Belt, SCI scores ranked in the following order: perennial pasture > no-till cropping systems > conventional tillage cotton. Variations in significance of SCI scores occurred among 5 different no-till cropping systems within regions of the Cotton Belt. For example, 7 of the 10 regions had significantly (p <= 0.05) greater SCI scores (linked to greater soil organic C sequestration) when monoculture cotton was grown with winter cover crop than without.Variation in SCI was dominated by management (46%) and slope (24%) and very little affected by climate (7%) and soil texture (1%). Increasingly wetter climatic conditions (as expressed by increasing precipitation to potential evapotranspiration) had a negative influence on SCI scores for all management systems and land slopes evaluated, but particularly for moldboard-plowed cotton on sloping land, With a linear relationship between SCI and soil organic C sequestration, predicted soil organic C sequestration averaged -0.31 +/- 0.19 Mg C ha(-1) y(--1) (-280 +/- 170 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)) under conventionally tilled cotton, 0.12 +/- 0.06 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (103 +/- 52 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)) under various no-till crop rotations, and 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (231 +/- 20 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)) under perennial pasture. Cotton production with conventional tillage could only be expected to maintain soil organic C under a best-case scenario and would lose substantial soil organic C under most other scenarios. Simulations showed the strong, positive influence that conservation agricultural management has to sequester soil organic C, irrespective of climate, slope, and texture. C1 [Franzluebbers, A. J.] ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Hubbs, M. D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Financial Assistance Program Div, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Norfleet, M. L.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Blackland Res Ctr, USDA, Temple, TX USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. FU Cotton Incorporated [05-712] FX This research was conducted as part of the Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network (GRACEnet) project of the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We appreciate the financial support of Cotton Incorporated under Agreement No. 05-712. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 378 EP 389 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.378 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900011 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Hernandez, M Anson, E Nearing, MA Wei, H Stone, JJ Heilman, R AF Zhang, Y. Hernandez, M. Anson, E. Nearing, M. A. Wei, H. Stone, J. J. Heilman, R. TI Modeling climate change effects on runoff and soil erosion in southeastern Arizona rangelands and implications for mitigation with conservation practices SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; General Circulation Model; management practices; rangelands; Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model; soil erosion ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; SEMIDESERT GRASSES; DESERT GRASSLAND; PRESCRIBED FIRE; CROP PRODUCTION; PRECIPITATION; IMPACTS; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT AB Climate change is expected to impact runoff and soil erosion on rangelands in the western United States. This study evaluated the potential impacts of precipitation changes on soil erosion and surface runoff in southeastern Arizona using seven General Circulation Model (GCM) models with three. emission scenarios for the 2050s and 2090s. A spatial-temporal downscaling process was used to generate daily precipitation series from GCM outputs for runoff and erosion modeling with the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM). Results were compared to 1970 through 1999 conditions. Our results suggested no significant changes in annual precipitation across the region under the three emission scenarios, while projected mean annual runoff and soil loss increased significantly, ranging from 79% to 92% and from 127% to 157%, respectively, relative to 1970 to 1999. At the seasonal scale, though an increase of summer precipitation and a reduction of winter precipitation were projected, both runoff and soil loss increased significantly for both periods.The dramatic increases in runoff and soil loss were attributed to the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme events in the study area. Predicted soil loss from shrub communities increased more than that predicted for other plant communities under the three emission scenarios. Future increases in runoff and soil erosion may accelerate the transitions of grassland to shrublands or to more eroded states due to the positive vegetation-erosion feedback. Rangeland management policies and practices should consider these changes and adapt to the increased risk of runoff and soil erosion. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Hernandez, M.; Anson, E.; Nearing, M. A.; Wei, H.; Stone, J. J.; Heilman, R.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Zhang, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. OI Zhang, Yongguang/0000-0001-8286-300X FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Data Distribution Centre for collecting and archiving the model data. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 49 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 390 EP 405 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.390 PG 16 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900012 ER PT J AU Brown, TT Huggins, DR AF Brown, T. T. Huggins, D. R. TI Soil carbon sequestration in the dryland cropping region of the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; carbon sequestration; tillage; crop rotation ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; NO-TILL; PHYSICAL PROTECTION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SILT LOAM; NITROGEN; PRAIRIE; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION AB Knowledge of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes that occur under different agricultural practices is important for policy development, carbon (C) marketing, and sustainable land management. Our objective was to quantify agricultural impacts on SOC sequestration for dryland cropping systems in different agroclimatic zones (ACZs) of the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Data from 131 SOC studies were analyzed to assess land management-induced changes in SOC, including the conversion of native ecosystems to agricultural crops, conversion from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT), and alternative crop rotations and management practices. Cumulative probabilities of SOC change were developed for assessing uncertainties inherent in SOC studies and for informing SOC markets. These analyses showed that 75% of converted native land lost at least 0.14 to 0.70 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (0.06 to 0.31 tn C ac(-1) yr(-1)) over an average of 55 to 74 years depending on ACZ. Converting from CT to NT was predicted to increase SOC at least 0.12 to 0.21 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (0.05 to 0.09 tn C ac(-1) yr(-1)) over 10 to 12 years in 75% of studies analyzed and was also ACZ specific. Compared to annual cropping, mixed perennial-annual systems would be expected to gain at least 0.69 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (0.31 tn C ac(-1) ha(-1)) over 12 years in 75% of ACZ 2 sites. Other conclusions were that (1) SOC databases are lacking for low precipitation areas of the PNW; such as the dryland wheat-fallow region; (2) baseline sampling of SOC prior to management change is largely nonexistent for PNW databases except for a few notable cases; (3) soil erosion processes have likely impacted SOC and contributed to large variability among studies; (4) sampling methodologies and analyses for SOC have been inconsistent, thereby contributing to SOC variability; and (5) a validated C model for the PNW would aid evaluation of SOC changes due to management, particularly for specific farms and sites with unique SOC history and circumstances. C1 [Brown, T. T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Huggins, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. RP Brown, TT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU Washington State University Center for Sustaining Agricultural and Natural Resources; USDA Solutions to Economic and Environmental Problems; Idaho Soil Conservation Commission FX The authors recognize and thank David Uberuaga, biological science technician for the USDA Agricultural Research Service, and Shawn Wetterau, former associate in research at Washington State University Crop and Soil Sciences Department, for ArcGIS assistance; Pawel Szafruga, technical assistant at Washington State University Crop and Soil Science Department, for assistance with summary calculations of total profile SOC change; Dr. Dan Long, center director and research leader for the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, for review and comment on draft documents; and The Pacific Northwest Direct Seed Association for valued input. The research was partially funded through the Washington State University Center for Sustaining Agricultural and Natural Resources, USDA Solutions to Economic and Environmental Problems, and the Idaho Soil Conservation Commission. The authors would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 406 EP 415 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.406 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900013 ER PT J AU King, KW Fausey, NR Dunn, R Smiley, PC Sohngen, BL AF King, K. W. Fausey, N. R. Dunn, R. Smiley, P. C., Jr. Sohngen, B. L. TI Response of reservoir atrazine concentrations following regulatory and management changes SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; conservation; pesticides; watershed; water quality ID DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; RUNOFF; CONTAMINANTS; PESTICIDES; MITIGATION; STREAMS; HEALTH; CARE; OHIO AB Since the early 1990s, atrazine concentration exceeding the drinking water standard of 3 mu g L-1 (parts per billion) in US drinking water supplies has been identified as a costly and major water quality concern.Atrazine levels in Columbus, Ohio, tap water reached 8.74 mu g L-1 in the early 1990s, leading to a watershed-based approach aimed to reduce elevated atrazine concentrations. In 1999, a special Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) was implemented in the watershed that feeds Hoover Reservoir, the Primary drinking water supply for Columbus, Ohio. Through EQIP, the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) offered financial incentives to farmers and operators to apply alternative pesticide management practices in an effort to reduce atrazine concentrations in the reservoir and maintain the concentrations below the drinking water standard. Monthly reservoir atrazine concentrations measured from 1985 through 2005 represent three distinct time periods with respect to atrazine management: no label restrictions (1985 to 1992), post label restrictions (1993 to 1998), and post label restrictions plus EQIP implementation (1999 to 2005). Significant (p < 0.05) reductions in mean monthly reservoir atrazine concentrations were noted between all three time periods: no label restrictions (2.27 mu g L-1) > post label restrictions (1.99 mu g L-1) > post label restrictions plus EQIP implementation (1.18 mu g L-1). Regression analyses indicated that May through June precipitation and hectares enrolled in the EQIP pest management practice (Natural Resource Conservation Service Practice 595) were the two most important predictors of reservoir atrazine concentration. Additionally, for every dollar spent on the NRCS 595 pest management practice cost shared through the EQIP program, a US$2.73 benefit for the City of Columbus was realized through reduced drinking water treatment costs to remove atrazine. For farmers and operators, atrazine is an economically viable and effective herbicide for corn production. This study indicates that annually eliminating atrazine application on approximately 16% of the crop production acres may reduce and maintain reservoir atrazine concentrations below drinking water thresholds. C1 [King, K. W.; Fausey, N. R.; Smiley, P. C., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH USA. [Dunn, R.] City Columbus, Columbus, OH USA. [Sohngen, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH USA. FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX America's Clean Water Foundation initiated a Source Water Protection Initiative at the Federal level to support research within the UBWC to develop innovative agricultural management practices for reducing atrazine concentrations in drinking water supply reservoirs and streams. The US Congress supported this initiative with funding for research to the USDA Agricultural Research Service beginning in FY 2001 with increases in FY 2002 and FY 2003. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.416 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900014 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Bonta, JV Owens, LB AF Shipitalo, M. J. Bonta, J. V. Owens, L. B. TI Sorbent-amended compost filter socks in grassed waterways reduce nutrient losses in surface runoff from corn fields SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE filter socks; grassed waterways; surface runoff; water quality ID SILT FENCE; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENT; PERFORMANCE; WATERSHEDS; REMOVAL; QUALITY; TILLAGE; BUFFERS; IMPACT AB Surface runoff from row-crop fields frequently has high concentrations of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides, particularly in the first few events after tillage and agrochemical application. Compost filter socks placed in grassed waterways can further reduce sediment concentration as runoff is transmitted offsite but are generally ineffective in removing dissolved chemicals. Therefore, we investigated the effect of adding a proprietary sorbent, Nutriloxx, to filter socks filled with composted bark and wood chips on sediment, nutrient, and glyphosate concentrations in runoff. Surface runoff from one tilled and one no-till watershed planted to corn (Zea mays L.) was routed into two parallel, 30 m (99 ft) long, grassed waterways. Three, 46 cm (18 in) diameter filter socks filled with Nutriloxx-amended compost were placed 5 m (16.5 ft) apart across the upper half of one waterway and in the lower half of the paired waterway. Automated samplers were used to obtain samples above and below the treated waterway segments in the 2009 and 2010 crop years. The effectiveness of the grassed waterways and filter socks was highly dependent on tillage treatment and timing and size of the runoff events. In 2009, there were no sizable events during the early growing season. Consequently, erosion. was minimal, and no significant effects on sediment concentration were detected. Averaged for both watersheds, however, the amended filter socks contributed to an additional 28% reduction in dissolved phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) concentration compared to waterway segments without filter socks (significant at p = 0.05). The filter socks, however, significantly increased sulfate (SO4) concentrations up to 20-fold in the first sampled event, but SO4 concentrations declined rapidly with subsequent events. Similarly, the filter socks increased concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sodium (Na), but this was not significant in all instances. In 2010, runoff-producing rainfall occurred frequently during the growing season, and the filter socks significantly decreased sediment and PO4-P concentrations from the tilled watershed. In addition, large reductions in ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) concentrations were noted (average > 7-fold), but field observations suggested that this was due to physical trapping of eroded coated-urea fertilizer prills rather than sorption. The filter socks continued to contribute to significantly increased SO4 concentrations from both watersheds. Filter socks can effectively reduce sediment losses when used in agricultural applications, and adding selective sorbents can increase their ability to retain nutrients. However, losses of sorbent components need to be considered. C1 [Shipitalo, M. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Bonta, J. V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Owens, L. B.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 67 IS 5 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.5.433 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 078BK UT WOS:000314072900016 ER PT J AU Mennan, S Handoo, ZA AF Mennan, Sevilhan Handoo, Zafar A. TI Histopathology of Brassica oleracea var. capitata subvar. alba infected with Heterodera cruciferae Franklin, 1945 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) SO TURKIYE ENTOMOLOJI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Histopathology; Brassica; cabbage cyst nematode; Heterodera cruciferae ID CYST-NEMATODE; PARASITIC NEMATODES; SCHACHTII; MEDITERRANEA; MELOIDODERA; SUGARBEET AB Anatomical changes induced by the cabbage cyst nematode (Heterodera cruciferae) have been insufficiently characterized. Here these changes were described in the root tissues of white head cabbage variety (Yalova F1) commonly grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey, where cabbage-growing areas are heavily infested. In glasshouse experiments conducted at 20 degrees C, susceptible white head cabbage seedlings were inoculated with 0 (untreated control) or 1000 juveniles/300 ml soil. Three, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and 30 days after inoculations, two plants from each treatment were removed, embedded in paraffin by using microwave technique and then examined by photomicrography. Second-stage passed through the vascular system after root penetration and they started to feed as sedentary. In cross section of the roots, large cells in the cortex of infected plants were filled with moderately dense cytoplasm and the walls were heavily stained and ruptured. In longitudinal section, internal walls were perforated. Syncytia that had different degrees of vacuolization, and syncytial nuclei were hypertrophied and deeply indented. Contained conspicuous nucleoli were noticeable 24 h after inoculation. Syncytia originating from endodermal cells possessed ruptured walls around the feeding site of the developing juvenile. White females were observed on the roots 30 days after inoculation, a time at which plant height was reduced and root proliferation increased. Concurrently, above- and below-ground symptoms were also observed. C1 [Mennan, Sevilhan] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Samsun, Turkey. [Handoo, Zafar A.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mennan, S (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Samsun, Turkey. EM smennan@omu.edu.tr FU TR Prime Ministry, State Planning Organisation [1020261]; Ondokuz Mayis University [Z-371] FX This research was funded by the "TR Prime Ministry, State Planning Organisation (Project number:1020261)" and "Ondokuz Mayis University (Project Number: Z-371)". The first author is grateful for their financial support and to Tuba Kati (Ankara Zirai Mucadele Arastirma Enstitusu) and Gokhan Aydinli (Bozok Universitesi Tarim ve Doga Bilimleri Fakultesi, Bitki Koruma bolumu) for technical assistance. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC TURKEY, EGE UNIV PI BORNOVA IZMIR PA ZIRAAT FAKULTESI, BITKI KORUMA BOLUMU, BORNOVA IZMIR, 00000, TURKEY SN 1010-6960 J9 TURK ENTOMOL DERG-TU JI Turk. Entomol. Derg.-Turk. J. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 076BP UT WOS:000313931800001 ER PT J AU Abd-Rabou, S Simmons, AM AF Abd-Rabou, S. Simmons, A. M. TI Some cultural strategies to help manage Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and whitefly-transmitted viruses in vegetable crops SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Begomovirus; Bemisia tabaci; B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly; cultural control; virus; vegetable ID LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; VEIN YELLOWING VIRUS; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; NATURAL ENEMIES; 1ST REPORT; TOMATO; EGYPT; MULCHES; PLANTS AB The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important global pest of numerous crops as a result of its feeding and whitefly-transmitted plant viruses. To help develop a strategy to manage this pest and associated viruses in three vegetable crops in the Egyptian agricultural system, experiments on several cultural techniques were conducted. Cultural practices of mulching with white polyethylene, intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.), and crop rotation with maize resulted in reduced whitefly populations and reduced incidences of viruses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). However, no benefit in whitefly abundance and virus incidence was obtained from modifying the planting time by one month earlier than standard planting. There was a high correlation between whitefly abundance and virus incidence. Based on viral symptoms, up to 75 % infection was observed in untreated plots, while most of the treated plots had less than 40 % infection. The viruses affecting the crops were Cucumber vein yellowing virus in cucumber, Squash leaf curl virus in squash, and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato; they are common problems in Egypt. The first-mentioned virus is caused by an Ipomovirus in the family Potyviridae while the other two are Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae. The cultural management strategies utilized in this study are viable tools to help manage B. tabaci and associated viruses in vegetable crops. C1 [Abd-Rabou, S.] Minist Agr, ARC, Plant Protect Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. [Simmons, A. M.] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov OI Abd-Rabou, Shaaban/0000-0002-9162-7057 FU U.S.-Egyptian Science and Technology Joint Fund (STDF); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture [BIO12-001-014] FX The authors thank K-S. Ling and G. McCutcheon for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. This publication is sponsored by the U.S.-Egyptian Science and Technology Joint Fund (STDF) in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture under Project Number BIO12-001-014. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by USDA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 IS 2 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 068ZQ UT WOS:000313405100018 ER PT J AU Karl, JP Saltzman, E AF Karl, J. Philip Saltzman, Edward TI The Role of Whole Grains in Body Weight Regulation SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA; SUBSEQUENT STANDARDIZED BREAKFAST; CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSOCIATION; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; REDUCES ENERGY-INTAKE; DIETARY FIBER INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; GLYCEMIC INDEX; REFINED-GRAIN AB Whole grain (WG)-rich diets are purported to have a variety of health benefits, including a favorable role in body weight regulation. Current dietary recommendations advocate substituting WG for refined grains (RG), because many of the beneficial bioactive components intrinsic to WG are lost during the refining process. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate that higher intakes of WG, but not RG, are associated with lower BMI and/or reduced risk of obesity. However, recent clinical trials have failed to support a role for WG in promoting weight loss or maintenance. Though the biochemical and structural characteristics of WG have been shown to modulate appetite, nutrient availability, and energy utilization, the capacity of WG foods to elicit these effects varies with the type and amount of grain consumed as well as the nature of its consumption. As such, WG foods differentially affect physiologic factors influencing body weight with the common practice of processing and reconstituting WG ingredients during food production likely mitigating the capacity for WG to benefit body weight regulation. Adv. Nutr. 3: 697-707, 2012. C1 [Karl, J. Philip; Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Karl, JP (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.karl@tufts.edu OI Karl, J. Philip/0000-0002-5871-2241 FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 135 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 47 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 697 EP 707 DI 10.3945/an.112.002782 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LL UT WOS:000313222200006 PM 22983848 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Krebs, N AF Roberts, Susan B. Krebs, Nancy TI Can Weight Management Programs in Worksites Reduce the Obesity Epidemic? SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; TRIAL C1 [Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Krebs, Nancy] Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 730 EP 731 DI 10.3945/an.112.002634 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LL UT WOS:000313222200014 PM 22983856 ER PT J AU Picklo, M Claycombe, KJ Meydani, M AF Picklo, Matthew Claycombe, Kate J. Meydani, Mohsen TI Adipose Dysfunction, Interaction of Reactive Oxygen Species, and Inflammation SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Picklo, Matthew; Claycombe, Kate J.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Claycombe, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM kate.claycombe@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 734 EP 735 DI 10.3945/an.112.002626 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LL UT WOS:000313222200016 PM 22983858 ER PT J AU Romagnalo, DF Dashwood, R Stover, PJ Waterland, RA Ziegler, TR AF Romagnalo, Donato F. Dashwood, Roderick Stover, Patrick J. Waterland, Robert A. Ziegler, Thomas R. TI Nutritional Regulation of Epigenetic Changes SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Romagnalo, Donato F.] Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Romagnalo, Donato F.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dashwood, Roderick] Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stover, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] ARS, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Baylor Coll Med, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Ziegler, Thomas R.] Emory Univ Hosp, Div Endocrinol Metab & Lipids, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Romagnalo, DF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM donato@u.arizona.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK058144] NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 BP 749 EP 750 DI 10.3945/an.112.002675 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 066LL UT WOS:000313222200022 PM 22983864 ER PT J AU Krugner-Higby, L Brown, R Rassette, M Behr, M Okwumabua, O Cook, M Bell, C Flowers, M Ntambi, J Gendron, A AF Krugner-Higby, L. Brown, R. Rassette, M. Behr, M. Okwumabua, O. Cook, M. Bell, C. Flowers, M. Ntambi, J. Gendron, A. TI Ulcerative Dermatitis in C57BL/6 Mice Lacking Stearoyl CoA Deaturase 1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Krugner-Higby, L.; Rassette, M.; Gendron, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Res Anim Resources Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Behr, M.; Okwumabua, O.; Bell, C.] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Brown, R.] USDA, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 51 IS 5 BP 651 EP 651 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 067NV UT WOS:000313303300097 ER PT J AU Haith, DA Hollingshead, N Bell, ML Kreszewski, SW Morey, SJ AF Haith, Douglas A. Hollingshead, Nicholas Bell, Matthew L. Kreszewski, Stephen W. Morey, Sara J. TI Nutrient Loads to Cayuga Lake, New York: Watershed Modeling on a Budget SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Lakes; Nonpoint pollution; Nutrients; Simulation models; Water pollution; Watersheds ID STREAM-FLOW; HYDROCHEMISTRY; GWLF AB Nutrient loads were estimated for the 34 watersheds draining into Cayuga Lake, New York, through use of a watershed model. Financial and human resources were very limited for the project, but significant cost savings were achieved through project decisions. Chief among these were selection of a watershed model that did not require calibration and use of historic water quality monitoring data for model testing. Savings were also obtained by extrapolating soil properties from related information (nutrient contents from organic matter), substituting literature concentrations for missing point source data, extrapolating septic system performance from one area to another, and use of synthetic weather data generated from a model. None of the decisions was remarkable in itself, but together, they permitted a watershed study and its associated modeling to be accomplished with modest resources. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000198. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Haith, Douglas A.; Bell, Matthew L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hollingshead, Nicholas] Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, Aurora, NY 13026 USA. [Bell, Matthew L.] US Inc, Arcadis New York, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Kreszewski, Stephen W.] USDA NRCS, Queen Annes Field Off, Centreville, MD 21617 USA. [Morey, Sara J.] ExxonMobil Environm Serv, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. RP Haith, DA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dah13@cornell.edu FU Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds [NYC-123410]; Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported in part by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds, Project No. NYC-123410, received from Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 138 IS 5 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000198 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 068IF UT WOS:000313359200020 ER PT J AU Brown, C Kiehl, K Wilkinson, L AF Brown, Cathy Kiehl, Katie Wilkinson, Lucas TI ADVANTAGES OF LONG-TERM, MULTI-SCALE MONITORING: ASSESSING THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE YOSEMITE TOAD (ANAXYRUS [BUFO] CANORUS) IN THE SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, USA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian demography; Anaxyrus canorus; bioregional monitoring; multi-scale monitoring; Sierra Nevada; Yosemite Toad ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; AMPHIBIAN DECLINE; BOREAL TOADS; DETECTION PROBABILITY; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; NATURAL-RESOURCES; MARK-RECAPTURE; UNITED-STATES AB A comprehensive bioregional evaluation of the current status of at-risk species is critical for effective management and conservation. As part of a long-term, multi-scale amphibian monitoring program, we evaluated the current status of the Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] canorus) on national forest lands across the species' range in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We conducted monitoring at extensive (rangewide) and intensive (individual population) scales with small watersheds (2-4 km(2)), individual meadows, and breeding areas within meadows as sample units. Yosemite Toad breeding was found in an estimated proportion of 0.84 +/- 0.03 (SE) of recently occupied watersheds (locality data from 1990-2001), and 0.13 +/- 0.04 of historically occupied watersheds (locality data prior to 1990). Rangewide, breeding was found in an estimated proportion of 0.22 +/- 0.01 of watersheds. We quantified demographic parameters (abundance and survival of breeding males, abundance of egg masses, successful metamorphosis) in six meadows in two watersheds. Abundances were small, with the largest populations having only 16-21 and 18-19 breeding males each year. Annual survival rates of males by meadow ranged from 0.49-0.72. Numbers of egg masses per year were low, and the proportion of breeding areas with successful metamorphosis ranged from 0.14-0.73. Using the multi-scale data, we examined Yosemite Toad spatial and temporal occupancy patterns. Yosemite Toads tended to breed in one or two sites (lakes, meadows, stream reaches) per watershed every year, and occasionally in other sites. This assessment of the status of the Yosemite Toad will inform management decisions at both bioregional and population scales and the development of conservation priorities. C1 [Brown, Cathy; Kiehl, Katie; Wilkinson, Lucas] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sonora, CA 95370 USA. RP Brown, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 19777 Greenley Rd, Sonora, CA 95370 USA. EM cathybrown@fs.fed.us FU Pacific Southwest Region, USDA Forest Service FX The design and implementation of this monitoring program has had input from numerous individuals including members of the USDA Forest Service Sierra Province Assessment and Monitoring Team. In addition to providing expertise, advice, and review, Tony Olsen developed the extensive statistical design and analysis and provided the maximum likelihood formula, Larissa Bailey provided guidance on the intensive design and analysis, extensive analysis, and early versions of the manuscript, Amy Lind provided review and guidance on the design and final stages of the manuscript. Amy Lind, Dave Martin, and Walt Sadinski reviewed the original study plan. Jim Baldwin and Tony Olsen reviewed the statistical text. We thank the hard-working field crews of 2002 through 2009, and the Stanislaus and other Sierra Nevada National Forests for their help with logistics, administration, and safety. This work was conducted under California Department of Fish and Game permit SC-000304. Funding was provided by the Pacific Southwest Region, USDA Forest Service. NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 22 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 115 EP 131 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 061MR UT WOS:000312852800005 ER PT J AU Aw, WC Dowell, FE Ballard, JWO AF Aw, Wen C. Dowell, Floyd E. Ballard, J. William O. TI Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Resolve the Species, Gender, Age, and the Presence of Wolbachia Infection in Laboratory-Reared Drosophila SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Arthropods; species identification; sex; population age structure; parasite ID CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; SIMULANS FLIES; FAT-CONTENT; LIFE-SPAN; MELANOGASTER AB The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining species, gender, age, and the presence of the common endosymbiont Wolbachia in laboratory-reared Drosophila. NIRS measures the absorption of light by organic molecules. Initially, a calibration model was developed for each study. An independent set with flies not involved in initial cross-validation was then used to validate the accuracy of each calibration model. Flies from the independent sets were correctly classified into Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans with 94% and 82% accuracy, respectively, whereas flies were successfully classified by gender with accuracy greater than 90%. In the age grading test, correlation plots of the actual and predicted age for males and females of D. melanogaster and D. simulans were shown to be overlapping between the adjacent age groups. It is, however, possible to predict the age of flies as less than 9 days of age with 62-88% accuracy and flies that are equal to or older than 9 days of age with 91-98% accuracy. Finally, we used NIRS to detect the presence of Wolbachia in flies. Flies from the independent sets were successfully identified as infected or not infected with Wolbachia with approximately 90% accuracy. These results suggest that NIRS has the potential to quantify the species, gender, and presence of Wolbachia in fly populations. However, additional optimization of the protocol may be necessary before the technique can reliably estimate fly age. C1 [Aw, Wen C.; Ballard, J. William O.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Dowell, Floyd E.] ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Ballard, JWO (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM w.ballard@unsw.edu.au FU [LE110100134] FX We thank the Ballard Lab group for comments and Carolina Correa for determining the Wolbachia strain of the flies collected in Hawaii. Funding was provided by the Australian Research grant LE110100134 to J.W.O.B. We also thank the constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1057 EP 1065 DI 10.1534/g3.112.003103 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 055ZH UT WOS:000312456100009 PM 22973543 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE Helmer, EH Valentin, ES AF Lugo, Ariel E. Helmer, Eileen H. Valentin, Eugenio Santiago TI CARIBBEAN LANDSCAPES AND THEIR BIODIVERSITY SO INTERCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity Hotspots; Endemism; Introduced Species; Land Cover Change; Novel Ecosystems; Species Naturalization ID PUERTO-RICO; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; LAND-DEVELOPMENT; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; FOREST TYPES; MANAGEMENT; HOTSPOTS; IMAGERY AB Both the biodiversity and the landscapes of the Caribbean have been greatly modified as a consequence of human activity In this essay we provide an overview of the natural landscapes and biodiversity of the Caribbean and discuss how human activity has affected both. Our Caribbean geographic focus is on the insular Caribbean and the biodiversity focus is on the flora, forests, and built up land. Recent land cover changes from agricultural to urban cover have allowed for the proliferation of novel forests, where introduced plant species have naturalized and play important ecological roles that appear compatible with native and endemic flora. C1 [Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, IITF, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Valentin, Eugenio Santiago] Univ Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), Calle Ceiba 1201,Jardin Bot S, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 9 BP 705 EP 710 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048PU UT WOS:000311925800012 ER PT J AU Sowder, C Steel, EA AF Sowder, Colin Steel, E. Ashley TI A Note on the Collection and Cleaning of Water Temperature Data SO WATER LA English DT Article DE accuracy; precision; errors; quality assurance AB Inexpensive remote temperature data loggers have allowed for a dramatic increase of data describing water temperature regimes. This data is used in understanding the ecological functioning of natural riverine systems and in quantifying changes in these systems. However, an increase in the quantity of yearly temperature data necessitates complex data management, efficient summarization, and an effective data-cleaning regimen. This note focuses on identifying events where data loggers failed to record correct temperatures using data from the Sauk River in Northwest Washington State as an example. By augmenting automated checks with visual comparisons against air temperature, related sites, multiple years, and available flow data, dewatering events can be more accurately and efficiently identified. C1 [Sowder, Colin] Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Sowder, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM csowder@uw.edu; asteel@fs.fed.us OI Steel, E. Ashley/0000-0001-5091-276X FU NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This project was supported by NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. We appreciate the field assistance of Karrie Hanson and insights into the original project design from Tim Beechie, both at NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank Daniel Isaak at the USDA Forest Service, Boise Aquatic Sciences Laboratory and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD SEP PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.3390/w4030597 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 053FG UT WOS:000312255800006 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Martynov, AG Elpidina, EN AF Oppert, Brenda Martynov, Alexander G. Elpidina, Elena N. TI Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa protoxin intoxication of Tenebrio molitor induces widespread changes in the expression of serine peptidase transcripts SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Tenebrio molitor; Cry3Aa; Yellow mealworm; Insect peptidases; Microbiol biopesticide; Functional genomics; Insect transcriptome ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; CYSTEINE CATHEPSINS; YELLOW MEALWORM; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; LARVAE; SEQUENCE; MIDGUT; SPECIFICITY AB The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio rnolitor, is a pest of stored grain products and is sensitive to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry3Aa toxin. As digestive peptidases are a determining factor in Cry toxicity and resistance, we evaluated the expression of peptidase transcripts in the midgut of T. molitor larvae fed either a control or Cry3Aa protoxin diet for 24 h (RNA-Seq), or in larvae exposed to the protoxin for 6, 12, or 24 h (microarrays). Cysteine peptidase transcripts (9) were similar to cathepsins B, Land K, and their expression did not vary more than 2.5-fold in control and Cry3Aa-treated larvae. Serine peptidase transcripts (48) included trypsin, chymotrypsin and chymotrypsin-like, elastase 1-like, and unclassified serine peptidases, as well as homologs lacking functional amino acids. Highly expressed trypsin and chymotrypsin transcripts were severely repressed, and most serine peptidase transcripts were expressed 2- to 15-fold lower in Cry3Aa-treated larvae. Many serine peptidase and homolog transcripts were found only in control larvae. However, expression of a few serine peptidase transcripts was increased or found only in Cry3Aa-treated larvae. Therefore, Bt intoxication significantly impacted the expression of serine peptidases, potentially important in protoxin processing, while the insect maintained the production of critical digestive cysteine peptidases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Martynov, Alexander G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Bioengn & Bioinformat, Moscow, Russia. [Elpidina, Elena N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Phys Chem Biol, Moscow, Russia. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, CGAHR, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu RI Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012; OI Martynov, Alexander/0000-0003-1845-5209 FU ISTC [3455]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-04-93964-SA_a, 12-04-01562-a] FX We thank Steve Pull, Pascal Bouffard, and Lewyn Li for assistance by Roche/454 Life Technologies in analyzing samples, Scot Dowd for assistance in experimental design and data analysis, and Kent Shelby for critical comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The research was performed with the support of ISTC grant #3455 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants #11-04-93964-SA_a and #12-04-01562-a). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2012.03.005 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 996SU UT WOS:000308115900001 PM 22640634 ER PT J AU Gu, J Zhu, H Ding, W AF Gu, J. Zhu, H. Ding, W. TI UNIMPEDED AIR VELOCITY PROFILES OF AN AIR-ASSISTED FIVE-PORT SPRAYER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Airflow; Fan inlet; Nursery sprayer; Orchard sprayer; Variable rate ID ORCHARD APPLICATIONS; JET VELOCITIES; APPLE-TREES; DEPOSITION; FLOW; COVERAGE; PENETRATION; CANOPY AB A capability that relies on tree structure information to control the flow rates of liquid and air is the preferential design in the development of variable-rate orchard and nursery sprayers. Unimpeded air jet velocities from an air-assisted, five-port sprayer in an open field were measured at four heights above ground, seven distances up to 3 m from the sprayer outlets, and five sprayer travel speeds from 0 to 8.0 km h(-1). Air jet velocities were adjusted by changing the sprayer fan inlet diameter Calculations of the air jet initial region length, transition length, and expansion angle from the five-port nozzles were computed with an air jet distribution model. The intersection between adjacent air jets from the five-port nozzles was determined from the air jet expansion angle. Air velocities were measured with a constant-temperature anemometer system coupled with hot-wire sensors. The air jets expanded at a 50 degrees angle and intersected with adjacent air jets at 0.027 m from the five-port nozzles. When the sprayer was stationary (0 km h(-1) ), axial air velocities from the nozzle outlets increased as fan inlet diameter increased and decreased as a hyperbolic function as the distance increased. Variations in the peak air velocities and airflow pressures with travel speeds of 3.2 to 8.0 km h(-1) and heights of 0.2 to 2.0 m were statistically insignificant. When the sprayer was in motion and due to air entrainment and air jet disturbance, the peak air velocities decreased and airflow pressures increased as distance from the nozzle outlets increased. For all parameters tested, the peak air velocities and airflow pressure increased as fan inlet diameter increased, demonstrating that changing the fan inlet diameter achieved variable airflow rates with uniform air profiles. C1 [Zhu, H.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Gu, J.; Ding, W.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-06002]; China 863 Development Program [2012AA101904]; China Scholarship Council FX The authors acknowledge invaluable technical assistance from Keith Williams, Adam Clark, Barry Nudd, Dr. Yu Chen, and Dr. Hongyoung Jeon. We also gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Grant No. 2009-51181-06002), China 863 Development Program (Grant No. 2012AA101904), and China Scholarship Council. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1659 EP 1666 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100003 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ AF Allred, B. J. TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF POROUS IRON COMPOSITE FOR AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE WATER FILTER TREATMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Filter material; Nitrate; Phosphate; Porous iron composite; Subsurface drainage; Water quality ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ATRAZINE; PHOSPHORUS; ILLINOIS; LOSSES; DENITRIFICATION; PESTICIDE; REDUCTION AB Agricultural subsurface drainage waters containing nutrients (nitrate/phosphate) and pesticides are discharged into neighboring streams and lakes, frequently producing adverse environmental impacts on local, regional, and national scales. On-site drainage water filter treatment systems can potentially prevent the release of agricultural contaminants into adjacent waterways. A recently developed porous iron composite (PIC) product may have promise as a filter material for drainage water treatment. Therefore, a laboratory study was initiated to evaluate the feasibility of using PIC for this purpose. Laboratory experiments included saturated falling-head hydraulic conductivity tests, contaminant (nutrient/pesticide) removal batch tests, and saturated solute transport column tests. The saturated falling-head hydraulic conductivity tests indicate that the original PIC product by itself has a high enough hydraulic conductivity (>0.001 cm s(-1)) to make this material hydraulically practical for filter treatment use. PIC hydraulic conductivity can be further enhanced (>0.01 cm s(-1)) by utilizing only the portion of this material retained on a 100 mesh sieve (particle size > 0.15 mm). Batch test results carried out with spiked drainage water and either unsieved or 100 mesh sieved PIC showed nitrate reductions of greater than 30%, and 100% removal of the pesticide atrazine. Saturated solute transport column tests with spiked drainage water provided more insight on the effectiveness and efficiency of utilizing PIC for drainage water filter treatment. These column tests confirm that PIC is capable of nearly complete removal of atrazine, and significant nitrate reduction. Additionally once the phosphate originally present within the PIC material is leached out, the PIC then exhibited ability to remove large quantities of phosphate. Consequently, these laboratory findings support employment of PIC for use within on-site agricultural drainage water filter treatment systems. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr,Room 234, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM barry.allred@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1683 EP 1697 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100006 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Chen, J Garbrecht, JD Brissette, FP AF Zhang, X-C. Chen, J. Garbrecht, J. D. Brissette, F. P. TI EVALUATION OF A WEATHER GENERATOR-BASED METHOD FOR STATISTICALLY DOWNSCALING NON-STATIONARY CLIMATE SCENARIOS FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT AT A POINT SCALE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Impact assessment; Statistical downscaling; Weather generator ID CROP PRODUCTION; MODEL OUTPUT; SOIL-EROSION; GCM OUTPUT; PRECIPITATION AB Non-stationarity is a major concern for statistically downscaling climate change scenarios for impact assessment. This study evaluates whether a statistical downscaling method is fully applicable to generate daily precipitation under non-stationary conditions in a wide range of climatic zones. Ten stations were selected from polar to tropical climates around the world. The measured data were split into calibration and validation periods in such a way that the difference of the mean annual precipitation between the two periods was maximized. Transition probabilities of wet-following-wet (P-w/w) and wet-following-dry (P-w/d) days generally increased linearly with an increase in mean monthly precipitation for all calendar months and locations in all climatic zones. The transition probabilities of the validation periods, interpolated with linear regressions, agreed well with those directly calculated from the observed data of the periods, with model efficiency-ranging from 0.786 to 0.966. Due to good estimation of P-w/w and P-w/d, generated frequency distributions of dry and wet spell lengths agreed reasonably well with the measured distributions for the validation period. Overall, statistics of the downscaled daily and monthly precipitation amounts, annual maximum daily amounts, and dry and wet spells were similar to those of the measured data for stations whose skewness coefficients were not greater than 3.5, suggesting that caution be exercised when generating daily precipitation with the Pearson type III distribution if the skewness coefficient is greater than 3.5. This downscaling method can be easily used with the two-parameter gamma distribution for daily precipitation to circumvent the skewness issue, if necessary. This study has demonstrated that the downscaling method can generate proper daily precipitation series for climates having non-stationary changes. C1 [Zhang, X-C.; Garbrecht, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Chen, J.; Brissette, F. P.] Univ Quebec, Dept Construct Engn, Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1745 EP 1756 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100011 ER PT J AU Miller, JO Hunt, PG Ducey, TF Glaz, BS AF Miller, J. O. Hunt, P. G. Ducey, T. F. Glaz, B. S. TI DENITRIFICATION AND GAS EMISSIONS FROM ORGANIC SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT WATER TABLE AND FLOODING MANAGEMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; N2O; Organic soils ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; SOUTH FLORIDA; NOSZ GENES; SUGARCANE; REGISTRATION; NITRATE; NIRS; MINERALIZATION AB Draining the Florida Everglades for agricultural use has led to land subsidence and increased phosphorus (P) loads to the southern Everglades, environmental concerns that can be limited by controlling water table depth. The resulting anaerobic conditions in saturated soils may lead to increased denitrification and gaseous N2O release. Sugarcane was grown in lysimeters using four water table treatments, ranging from 40 to 16 cm in depth. Gas emissions were measured in April, July, and September using a photoacoustic gas analyzer Denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was performed on soil samples from the upper 15 cm, including non-limiting carbon and nitrogen conditions. No differences in N2O emissions or DEA were observed between water table treatments. However; emissions of N2O were higher in the spring, and CO2 emissions were greater in the late summer Overall, incomplete DEA was very low in the soil samples, indicating that shallow water tables will not increase N2O emissions in these organic soils. Additions of C versus NO3 increased DEA, indicating that these organic soils are carbon limited. Neither the amoA nor nosZ genes were affected by water table management, but the abundance of the nosZ gene increased from April to September, while amoA gene abundance decreased. C1 [Miller, J. O.; Hunt, P. G.; Ducey, T. F.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Glaz, B. S.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL USA. RP Miller, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Jarrod.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1793 EP 1800 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100015 ER PT J AU Meek, DW Hoang, CK Malone, RW Kanwar, RS Fox, GA Guzman, JA Shipitalo, MJ AF Meek, D. W. Hoang, C. K. Malone, R. W. Kanwar, R. S. Fox, G. A. Guzman, J. A. Shipitalo, M. J. TI RATIONAL POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS FOR MODELING E. COLI AND BROMIDE BREAKTHROUGH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Breakthrough curves; Contaminant transport; Empirical modeling; Microbial transport; Subsurface drainage ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSURFACE DRAINS; NITRATE LOSS; TRANSPORT; SOIL; FLOW; MACROPORES; SIMULATION; COLUMNS; QUALITY AB Fecal bacteria peak concentrations and breakthrough times as affected by preferential flow to subsurface (tile) drainage systems following irrigation or rainfall are important when assessing the risk of contamination. Process-based, convective-dispersive modeling of microbial transport through preferential flow has been conducted. Likewise, regression modeling has been used to study solute transport (e.g., nitrate) under agricultural systems and can have advantages over process-based modeling, such as fewer or easier to determine parameters and easier determination of confidence intervals. However; empirical models (e.g., regression) have only rarely been used to investigate microbial transport. In addition, the selection of time response curves to empirically model simple, right skewed, single breakthrough events from field or laboratory data is generally an arbitrary choice and often considers only conventional distribution-shaped response curves, such as lognormal distributions. In this study, we evaluate four rational polynomial functions for modeling bromide and E. coli data from a single breakthrough event from a tile-drained field near Nashua, Iowa. Bromide and liquid swine manure were applied to the plot immediately prior to 42 mm of overhead sprinkler irrigation. E. coli and bromide concentrations were determined in subsurface drainage water samples collected for the next 24 h. Nonlinear iteratively re-weighted least squares regression procedures were used to model the breakthrough data. The maximum event value, time of occurrence, and event total were estimated from the parameters for each model. Selection of the best model was based on multiple performance criteria. A simple rational polynomial with a linear factor in the numerator and quadratic form in the denominator was the overall best choice for E. coli (R-2 = 0.92). A related fractional order form also known as the Gunary model was the best choice for bromide (R-2 = 0.93). In comparison, the more commonly assumed lognormal distribution described only 78% of the variation in E. coli and 68% of the variation in bromide, with a weighted mean square error 3.0 to 4.6 times larger than each selected rational polynomial model. In this experiment, the chosen models clearly tracked E. coli and bromide distribution better than the lognormal model. C1 [Meek, D. W.; Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hoang, C. K.; Kanwar, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Fox, G. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Guzman, J. A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Shipitalo, M. J.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rob.malone@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723; Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 FU USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, Iowa; USDA Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service (CSREES) National Research Initiative Grant [2007-35102-18242] FX The authors thank Dr. R. P. Ewing for his helpful comments and Carl Pederson for his invaluable contributions with the field work, both with Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, Iowa, Dr. J. L. Hatfield, Director. The authors acknowledge the financial assistance of a 2007-2011 USDA Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service (CSREES) National Research Initiative Grant (Award No. 2007-35102-18242). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1821 EP 1826 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100018 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Cook, KL Lovanh, N AF Loughrin, J. H. Cook, K. L. Lovanh, N. TI RECIRCULATING SWINE WASTE THROUGH A SILICONE MEMBRANE IN AN AEROBIC CHAMBER IMPROVES BIOGAS QUALITY AND WASTEWATER MALODORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Greenhouse gases; Malodor; Volatile fatty acid; Wastewater ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; 16S RDNA; COMMUNITY; STORAGE; MANURE; QUANTIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; SOLUBILITY; EXTRACTION AB During the course of experiments designed 10 lower emission of gases and malodors from swine waste stored in subfloor deep pits, we found that carbon dioxide concentrations in the waste slurry biogas were greatly lowered, resulting in greater relative concentrations of methane. In these experiments, swine waste slurry was circulated through silicone hosing located in an aeration tank, the hose allowing for the passage of small molecules such as methane and malodors. The aeration tank employed a minimal growth medium and chopped silicone to absorb potentially toxic compounds that might slow bacterial growth. Malodors were reduced in treatments. Methane and carbon dioxide were also reduced, especially in the case of carbon dioxide, where concentrations were reduced by almost 80%. The net result of this was methane comprising about 90% of the biogas, as compared to only 70% of the biogas produced by controls. This was due to more bicarbonate buffering in treated slurries, resulting in higher slurry pH. In experiments in which the silicone rubber was omitted from aeration tanks, malodors were still removed efficiently. While carbon dioxide in treated slurry biogas was again greatly reduced, methane concentrations were not. At the end of the experiment control biogas consisted of 75% methane, while in treated biogas methane comprised 95%. In control and treated slurries, Clostridia spp. and Bacteroides spp. comprised over 50% of the total population. Clone sequences from bacterial populations in the aeration tanks grouped with the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, two microbial groups with representatives often associated with biodegradation and bioremediation. C1 [Loughrin, J. H.; Cook, K. L.; Lovanh, N.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Loughrin, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM John.loughrin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Program 214: Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts FX The authors thank Mike Bryant, Derrek Brown, Joe St. Claire, Rohan Parekh, and Stacy Antle for technical assistance. This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 214: Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1929 EP 1937 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100030 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S. Nelson, S. O. TI MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CEREAL GRAINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Attenuation; Bulk density; Dielectric constant; Dielectric loss factor; Free space; Grain; Microwave; Moisture; Phase shift; Transmission ID POTENTIAL AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS; DENSITY-INDEPENDENT DETERMINATION; MOISTURE-CONTENT; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; BULK-DENSITY; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; FREE-SPACE; WHEAT; PERMITTIVITY; DEPENDENCE AB Dielectric properties of five cereal grains (wheat, corn, barley, oats, and grain sorghum) were measured at 23 degrees C over a range of moisture contents and over microwave frequencies from 5 to 15 GHz with a free-space transmission technique. Resulting dielectric constants and loss factors are tabulated for each material for moisture ranges of interest to the grain industry at bulk densities that are close to the cot-responding test weight of those cereal grains. Bulk densities of all grain lots decreased linearly with increasing moisture content. Both the dielectric constant and loss factor of all grain lots increased nearly linearly with increasing moisture content at all frequencies. For given moisture contents, the dielectric constants of all grains tested decreased with increasing frequency, and the loss factor changed relatively little over the frequency range. The new data will be useful in grain moisture sensing work and in microwave heating applications. C1 [Trabelsi, S.; Nelson, S. O.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM samir.trabelsi@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1989 EP 1996 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100036 ER PT J AU Park, B Yoon, SC Lee, S Sundaram, J Windham, WR Hinton, A Lawrence, KC AF Park, B. Yoon, S. C. Lee, S. Sundaram, J. Windham, W. R. Hinton, A., Jr. Lawrence, K. C. TI ACOUSTO-OPTIC TUNABLE FILTER HYPERSPECTRAL MICROSCOPE IMAGING METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING SPECTRA FROM FOODBORNE PATHOGENS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AOTF; Bacteria; Biofilm; Dark field illumination; E. coli; Hyperspectral; Microscopy; Pathogen; Salmonella ID SAFETY; SKIN AB A hyperspectral microscope imaging (HMI) method, which provides both spatial and spectral information of bacterial cells, was developed for foodborne pathogen detection. The AOTF-based hyperspectral microscope imaging system can be effective for characterizing spectral properties of biofilms formed by Salmonella enteritidis as well as Escherichia coli. The intensity of spectral images and the pattern of intensity distribution of spectra varied with system parameters (integration time as well as gain) of the HMI system. Preliminary results demonstrated that determination of optimum parameter values of the HMI system and the integration time, which must be no more than 250 ms, are important for quality image acquisition from biofilms formed by S. enteritidis. Among the 89 contiguous spectral images between 450 and 800 nm, the intensity of images at 458, 494, 522, 550, 574, 590, and 670 nm were distinctive for biofilm of S. enteritidis, whereas the intensity of spectral images at 546 nm was distinctive for E. coli with dark-field illumination with a metal halide light source. For more accurate comparison of intensity from spectral images, a calibration protocol of quantitative intensity comparison needs to be developed to standardize image acquisition using neutral-density filters and multiple exposures. For the identification or classification of unknown foodborne pathogen samples, ground truth region-of-interest pixels need to be selected for "spectrally pure fingerprints" from various foodborne pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella species. C1 [Park, B.; Yoon, S. C.; Lee, S.; Sundaram, J.; Windham, W. R.; Hinton, A., Jr.; Lawrence, K. C.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Bosoon Pk,POB 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov FU National Institute for Hometown Security FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Nasreen Bano, Jerry Heitschmidt, and Peggy Feldner of the USDA-ARS Quality and Safety Assessment Research Unit in Athens, Georgia, and CoDanielle Green of South Carolina State University for their assistance with this research. This research was supported in part by the National Institute for Hometown Security. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1997 EP 2006 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 040NR UT WOS:000311330100037 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR Wang, G West, AL Moran, MS Bronson, KF White, JW Mon, J AF Thorp, K. R. Wang, G. West, A. L. Moran, M. S. Bronson, K. F. White, J. W. Mon, J. TI Estimating crop biophysical properties from remote sensing data by inverting linked radiative transfer and ecophysiological models SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Crop model; CSM; DSSAT; Genetic algorithm; Hyperspectral; LAI; Model inversion; Nitrogen; Optimization; PEST; PROSAIL; Simulation; Wheat; Yield ID PROSPECT PLUS SAIL; NONDESTRUCTIVE ESTIMATION; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; DATA ASSIMILATION; LEAF CHLOROPHYLL; INVERSION; REFLECTANCE; WHEAT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SIMULATIONS AB Remote sensing technology can rapidly provide spatial information on crop growth status, which ideally could be used to invert radiative transfer models or ecophysiological models for estimating a variety of crop biophysical properties. However, the outcome of the model inversion procedure will be influenced by the timing and availability of remote sensing data, the spectral resolution of the data, the types of models implemented, and the choice of parameters to adjust. Our objective was to investigate these issues by inverting linked radiative transfer and ecophysiological models to estimate leaf area index (LAI), canopy weight, plant nitrogen content, and yield for a durum wheat (Triticum durum) study conducted in central Arizona over the winter of 2010-2011. Observations of crop canopy spectral reflectance between 268 and 1095 nm were obtained weekly using a GER 1500 spectroradiometer. Other field measurements were regularly collected to describe plant growth characteristics and plant nitrogen content. Linkages were developed between the DSSAT Cropping System Model (CSM) and the PROSAIL radiative transfer model (CSM-PROSAIL) and between the DSSAT-CSM and an empirical model relating NDVI to LAI (CSM-Choudhury). The PEST parameter estimation algorithm was implemented to adjust the leaf area growth parameters of the CSM by minimizing error between measured and simulated NDVI or canopy spectral reflectance. A genetic algorithm was implemented to identify the optimum combination of remote sensing observations required to optimize simulations of LAI through model inversion. The relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) between measured and simulated LAI was 24.1% for the CSM-PROSAIL model, whereas the stand-alone PROSAIL and CSM models simulated LAI with RRMSEs of 40.7% and 27.8%, respectively. Wheat yield was simulated with RRMSEs of 12.8% and 10.0% for the lone CSM model and the CSM-PROSAIL model, respectively. Optimized leaf area growth parameters for CSM-PROSAIL were different among cultivars (p<0.05), while those for CSM-Choudhury were not. Only two observations, one at mid-vegetative growth and one at maximum vegetative growth, were required to optimize LAI simulations for CSM-PROSAIL, whereas CSM-Choudhury required four observations. Inverting CSM-PROSAIL using hyperspectral data offered several advantages as compared to the CSM-Choudhury inversion using a simple vegetation index, including better estimates of crop biophysical properties, different leaf area growth parameter estimates among cultivars (p<0.05), and fewer required remote sensing observations for optimum LAI simulation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Thorp, K. R.; Bronson, K. F.; White, J. W.; Mon, J.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Wang, G.; West, A. L.] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Moran, M. S.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Lab, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X FU Arizona Grain Research and Promotion Council FX The authors acknowledge the USDA-ARS-ALARC technicians (Suzette Maneely and Kathy Johnson), Maricopa Agricultural Center technicians (Ken Randolph and Cory Runyon), University of Arizona graduate student (Ruth Asiimwe), and the day crews for their help with field and laboratory work. The authors also acknowledge the Arizona Grain Research and Promotion Council for contributing funds for this research. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700019 ER PT J AU Bright, BC Hicke, JA Hudak, AT AF Bright, Benjamin C. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Hudak, Andrew T. TI Estimating aboveground carbon stocks of a forest affected by mountain pine beetle in Idaho using lidar and multispectral imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Mountain pine beetle; Insect outbreak; Tree mortality; Aerial imagery; Lidar ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY; AIRBORNE LASER; TREE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS; VOLUME; ATTACK; OUTBREAK; CANADA AB Mountain pine beetle outbreaks have caused widespread tree mortality in North American forests in recent decades, yet few studies have documented impacts on carbon cycling. In particular, landscape scales intermediate between stands and regions have not been well studied. Remote sensing is an effective tool for quantifying impacts of insect outbreaks on forest ecosystems at landscape scales. In this study, we developed and evaluated methodologies for quantifying aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks affected by mountain pine beetle using field observations, lidar data, and multispectral imagery. We evaluated methods at two scales, the plot level and the tree level, to ascertain the capability of each for mapping AGC impacts of bark beetle infestation across a forested landscape. In 27 plots across our 5054-ha study area in central Idaho, we measured tree locations, health, diameter, height, and other relevant attributes. We used allometric equations to estimate AGC content of individual trees and, in turn, summed tree AGC estimates to the plot level. Tree-level and plot-level AGC were then predicted from lidar metrics using separate statistical models. At the tree level, cross-validated additive models explained 50-54% of the variation in tree AGC (root mean square error (RMSE) values of 26-42 kg AGC, or 32-48%). At the plot level, a cross-validated linear model explained 84% of the variation in plot AGC (RMSE of 9.2 Mg AGC/ha, or 12%). To map beetle-caused tree mortality, we classified high-resolution digital aerial photography into green, red, and gray tree classes with an overall accuracy of 87% (kappa = 0.79) compared with our field observations. We then combined the multispectral classification with lidar-derived AGC estimates to quantify the amount of AGC within beetle-killed trees at the field plots. Errors in classification, apparent tree lean caused by off-nadir aerial imagery, and a bias between percent cover and percent AGC reduced accuracy when combining multispectral and lidar products. Plot-level models estimated total plot AGC more accurately than tree-level models summed for plots as determined by RMSE (9.2 versus 21 Mg AGC/ha, respectively) and mean bias error (0.52 versus -6.7 Mg AGC/ha, respectively). When considering individual tree classes (green, red, gray) summed for plots, comparisons of plot-level and tree-level methods exhibited mixed results, with some accuracy measures higher for plot-level models. Despite a lack of clear improvement in tree-level models, we suggest that tree-level models should be considered for assessing situations with high spatial variability such as beetle outbreaks, especially if apparent tree lean effects can be minimized such as through the use of satellite imagery. Our methods illustrate the utility of combining lidar and multispectral imagery and can guide decisions about spatial resolution of analysis for understanding and documenting impacts of these forest disturbances. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bright, Benjamin C.; Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Bright, BC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, 810 W 7th St,McClure Hall 203, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM bright@uidaho.edu RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013 FU NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center FX This research was supported by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387, as well as by the USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center. We thank Lee Vierling, Troy Hall, Haiganoush Preisler, Arjan Meddens, Bonnie Ruefenacht, and Michael Falkowski for helpful suggestions and guidance. We are grateful for the help of Katrina Armstrong, Eric Creeden, and Steve Edburg in gathering field observations. We appreciate the assistance of Linda Tedrow and Rupesh Shrestha with lidar processing, and the prompt and insightful comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.016 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700024 ER PT J AU Zhao, CY Lu, Z Zhang, Q de la Fuente, J AF Zhao, Chaoying Lu, Zhong Zhang, Qin de la Fuente, Juan TI Large-area landslide detection and monitoring with ALOS/PALSAR imagery data over Northern California and Southern Oregon, USA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Monitoring; Detection; ALOS/PALSAR; Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Interferometric SAR (InSAR) ID SAR INTERFEROMETRY; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; DEFORMATION; SURFACE; HAZARD; SET AB Multi-temporal ALOS/PALSAR images are used to automatically investigate landslide activity over an area of similar to 200 km by similar to 350 km in northern California and southern Oregon. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation images, InSAR coherence maps, SAR backscattering intensity images, and a DEM gradient map are combined to detect active landslides by setting individual thresholds. More than 50 active landslides covering a total of about 40 km(2) area are detected. Then the short baseline subsets (SBAS) InSAR method is applied to retrieve time-series deformation patterns of individual detected landslides. Down-slope landslide motions observed from adjacent satellite tracks with slightly different radar look angles are used to verify InSAR results and measurement accuracy. Comparison of the landslide motion with the precipitation record suggests that the landslide deformation correlates with the rainfall rate, with a lag time of around 1-2 months between the precipitation peak and the maximum landslide displacement. The results will provide new insights into landslide mechanisms in the Pacific Northwest, and facilitate development of early warning systems for landslides under abnormal rainfall conditions. Additionally, this method will allow identification of active landslides in broad areas of the Pacific Northwest in an efficient and systematic manner, including remote and heavily vegetated areas difficult to inventory by traditional methods. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Zhao, Chaoying; Zhang, Qin] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Chaoying; Zhang, Qin] Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Mineral Resources & Geol E, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [de la Fuente, Juan] US Forest Serv, Yreka, CA 96067 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM lu@usgs.gov RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 FU China Scholarship Council; Cascades Volcano Observatory; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41072266]; Ministry of Land & Resources, China [1212011220186, 121201122014]; USGS Volcano Hazards Program FX The first author would like to thank China Scholarship Council for funding his one-year postdoctoral research at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Cascades Volcano Observatory. ALOS/PALSAR data are copyrighted JAXA/METI and provided by Alaska Satellite Facility through the ALOS Data Consortium. The meteorological data of Zenia station are provided from the website of http://cdec.water.ca. gov/cgi-progs/staMeta?station_id=ZEN. This research is funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No: 41072266), the Ministry of Land & Resources, China (Nos: 1212011220186 and 121201122014), and USGS Volcano Hazards Program. We thank Hyung-Sup Jung and Chang-Wook Lee for sharing their SBAS codes. Constructive comments from USGS technical reviewer, Tom Pierson, and three anonymous reviewers have improved the manuscript. NR 45 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 11 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 348 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700030 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Walters, BF AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Walters, Brian F. TI Statistical inference for remote sensing-based estimates of net deforestation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Forest inventory; Error matrix; Model-assisted estimator ID TROPICAL FORESTS; SENSED DATA; LAND-USE; AREA; ACCURACY; CLASSIFICATIONS; PROBABILITY; CALIBRATION; DEFOLIATION; IMAGERY AB Statistical inference requires expression of an estimate in probabilistic terms, usually in the form of a confidence interval. An approach to constructing confidence intervals for remote sensing-based estimates of net deforestation is illustrated. The approach is based on post-classification methods using two independent forest/non-forest classifications because sufficient numbers of observations of forest/non-forest change were not available for direct classification. Further, the approach uses a model-assisted estimator with information from a traditional error matrix for the forest/non-forest classifications to compensate for bias as the result of classification errors and to estimate variances. Classifications were obtained using a logistic regression model, forest inventory data, and two dates of Landsat imagery, although the approach to inference can be used with multiple classification approaches. For the study area in northeastern Minnesota. USA, overall pixel-level accuracies for the year 2002 and 2007 forest/non-forest classifications were 0.85-0.88, and estimates of proportion net deforestation for the 2002-2007 interval were less in absolute value than 0.015. However, standard errors for the remote sensing-based estimates of net deforestation were on the order of 0.02-0.04, meaning that the estimates were not statistically significantly different from zero. Particular attention is directed to the potentially severe sample size and classification accuracy requirements necessary for estimates of net deforestation to be detected as statistically significantly different from zero. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McRoberts, Ronald E.; Walters, Brian F.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.011 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700034 ER PT J AU Cheng, YB Middleton, EM Zhang, QY Corp, LA Dandois, J Kustas, WP AF Cheng, Yen-Ben Middleton, Elizabeth M. Zhang, Qingyuan Corp, Lawrence A. Dandois, Jonathan Kustas, William P. TI The photochemical reflectance index from directional cornfield reflectances: Observations and simulations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; Two-layer Analytical Canopy Reflectance; Model (ACRM); Photochemical reflectance index (PRI); Cornfield ID LIGHT-USE-EFFICIENCY; RADIATION-USE-EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF PIGMENT CONTENT; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CO2 UPTAKE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; DATA ASSIMILATION AB The two-layer Markov chain Analytical Canopy Reflectance Model (ACRM) was linked with in situ hyperspectral leaf optical properties to simulate the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) for a corn crop canopy at three different growth stages. This is an extended study after a successful demonstration of PRI simulations for a cornfield previously conducted at an early vegetative growth stage. Consistent with previous in situ studies, sunlit leaves exhibited lower PRI values than shaded leaves. Since sunlit (shaded) foliage dominates the canopy in the reflectance hotspot (coldspot), the canopy PRI derived from field hyperspectral observations displayed sensitivity to both view zenith angle and relative azimuth angle at all growth stages. Consequently, sunlit and shaded canopy sectors were most differentiated when viewed along the azimuth matching the solar principal plane. These directional PRI responses associated with sunlit/shaded foliage were successfully reproduced by the ACRM. As before, the simulated PRI values from the current study were closer to in situ values when both sunlit and shaded leaves were utilized as model input data in a two-layer mode, instead of a one-layer mode with sunlit leaves only. Model performance as judged by correlation between in situ and simulated values was strongest for the mature corn crop (r = 0.87, RMSE = 0.0048), followed by the early vegetative stage (r = 0.78; RMSE = 0.0051) and the early senescent stage (r = 0.65; RMSE = 0.0104). Since the benefit of including shaded leaves in the scheme varied across different growth stages, a further analysis was conducted to investigate how variable fractions of sunlit/shaded leaves affect the canopy PRI values expected for a cornfield, with implications for remote sensing monitoring options. Simulations of the sunlit to shaded canopy ratio near 50/50 +/- 10 (e.g., 60/40) matching field observations at all growth stages were examined. Our results suggest the importance of the sunlit/shaded fraction and canopy structure in understanding and interpreting PRI. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Yen-Ben; Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Zhang, Qingyuan] Unvers Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Corp, Lawrence A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Dandois, Jonathan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kustas, William P.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cheng, YB (reprint author), NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yen-Ben.Cheng@nasa.gov RI Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 FU NASA ROSES project through Carbon Cycle Science Program FX This study was supported by a NASA ROSES project (PI, E.M. Middleton) funded through the Carbon Cycle Science Program (Diane Wickland, manager). The authors gratefully acknowledge A. Kuusk for sharing computer code for the canopy reflectance model, and K.F. Huemmrich (UMBC), P.K.E. Campbell (UMBC), A. Russ (USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab) and D. Lagomasino (FIU) for assisting field campaign and their valuable comments. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their very valuable suggestions and criticism. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.030 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700038 ER PT J AU d'Oliveira, MVN Reutebuch, SE McGaughey, RJ Andersen, HE AF d'Oliveira, Marcus V. N. Reutebuch, Stephen E. McGaughey, Robert J. Andersen, Hans-Erik TI Estimating forest biomass and identifying low-intensity logging areas using airborne scanning lidar in Antimary State Forest, Acre State, Western Brazilian Amazon SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest biomass; Airborne laser scanning; Selective logging; Tropical forest monitoring; Lidar; Amazon forest monitoring ID LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; RAIN-FOREST; CANOPY STRUCTURE; INTERIOR ALASKA; LIGHT DETECTION; BOREAL FORESTS; CARBON STOCKS; ACCURACY; VOLUME AB The objectives of this study were to estimate above ground forest biomass and identify areas disturbed by selective logging in a 1000 ha Brazilian tropical forest in the Antimary State Forest (FEA) using airborne lidar data. The study area consisted of three management units, two of which were unlogged, while the third unit was selectively logged at a low intensity (approximately 10-15 m(3) ha(-1) or 5-8% of total volume). A systematic random sample of fifty 0.25-ha ground plots were measured and used to construct lidar-based regression models for above ground biomass (AGB). A lidar model-assisted approach was used to estimate AGB for the logged and unlogged units (using both synthetic and model-assisted estimators). Two lidar explanatory variables, computed at a spatial resolution of 50 m x 50 m, were used in these predictions: 1) the first quartile height of all above ground returns (P25); and, 2) variance of the height above ground of all returns (VAR). The model-assisted AGB estimator (total 231,589 Mg +/- 5,477 SE; mean 231.6 Mg ha(-1) +/- 5.5 SE; +/- 2.4%) was more precise than plot-only simple random sample estimator (total 230,872 Mg +/- 10,477 SE; mean 230.9 Mg ha(-1) +/- 10.5 SE; +/- 4.5%). The total and mean AGB estimates obtained using the synthetic estimator (total 231,694 Mg; mean 231.7 Mg ha(-1)) were nearly equal those obtained using the modelassisted estimator. In a second component of the analysis lidar metrics were also computed at 1 m x 1 m resolution to identify areas impacted by logging activities within the selectively harvested management unit. A high-resolution canopy relative density model (RDM) was used in GIS to identify and delineate roads, skidtrails, landings and harvested tree gaps. The area impacted by selective logging determined from the RDM was 58.4 ha or 15.4% of the total management unit. Using these two spatial resolutions of lidar analyses it was possible to identify differences in AGB in selectively logged areas that had relatively high levels of residual overstory canopy cover. The mean AGB obtained from the synthetic estimator was significantly lower in impacted areas than in undisturbed areas of the selectively logged management unit (p = 0.01). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Reutebuch, Stephen E.; McGaughey, Robert J.; Andersen, Hans-Erik] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [d'Oliveira, Marcus V. N.] EMBRAPA CPAF ACRE, BR-69900180 Rio Branco, Brazil. RP Reutebuch, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM mvno@cpafac.embrapa.br; sreutebuch@fs.fed.us; bmcgaughey@fs.fed.us; handersen@fs.fed.us RI d'Oliveira, Marcus/G-3172-2012; d'Oliveira, Marcus Vinicio Neves/A-2038-2015 NR 60 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700041 ER PT J AU Cammalleri, C Anderson, MC Ciraolo, G D'Urso, G Kustas, WP La Loggia, G Minacapilli, M AF Cammalleri, C. Anderson, M. C. Ciraolo, G. D'Urso, G. Kustas, W. P. La Loggia, G. Minacapilli, M. TI Applications of a remote sensing-based two-source energy balance algorithm for mapping surface fluxes without in situ air temperature observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Two-source energy balance; Actual evapotranspiration; Mediterranean climate; Thermal remote sensing ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; HEAT-FLUX; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; MODEL; SOIL; VEGETATION; EVAPORATION; ASTER AB The two-source energy balance (TSEB) model uses remotely sensed maps of land-surface temperature (LST) along with local air temperature estimates at a nominal blending height to model heat and water fluxes across a landscape, partitioned between dual sources of canopy and soil. For operational implementation of TSEB, however, it is often difficult to obtain representative air temperature data that are compatible with the LST retrievals, which may themselves have residual errors due to atmospheric and emissivity corrections. To address this issue, two different strategies in applying the TSEB model without requiring local air temperature data were tested over a typical Mediterranean agricultural area using a set of high-resolution multispectral airborne remote sensing images. Alleviating the need for accurate local air temperature data as input, these two approaches estimate the surface-to-air temperature gradient that drives the sensible heat flux by directly exploiting the information available in the image. The two approaches indude: 1) a scene-based internal calibration (TSEB-IC) procedure that estimates air temperature over a well-watered and fully vegetated pixel in the LST image, and 2) a disaggregation scheme (DisALEXI) that uses air temperature estimates from a time-differential coupled TSEB-atmospheric boundary layer model of atmosphere-land exchange (ALEXI). A comparison of the air temperatures modeled by TSEB-IC and DisALEXI with in situ weather station observations shows good agreement, with average differences on the order of 1 K. comparable with the uncertainties in the remotely sensed surface temperature maps. Surface fluxes estimated by each method agree well with micro-meteorological measurements acquired over an olive orchard within the aircraft imaging domain. In comparison with fluxes generated with TSEB using local measurements of air temperature, instantaneous fluxes from these alternative methods show good spatial agreement, with differences of less than low m(-2) across the domain. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the three models, performed by introducing artificial errors into the model inputs, demonstrates that the DisALEXI and TSEB-IC approaches are relatively insensitive to errors in absolute surface temperature calibration, while turbulent fluxes from TSEB applications using local air temperature measurements show sensitivity of approximately 30 W m(-2) per degree temperature perturbation. This highlights the value of both internal calibration and timedifferential estimation of the surface-to-air temperature gradient within a surface energy balance framework (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cammalleri, C.; Ciraolo, G.; La Loggia, G.] Univ Palermo, Dept Civil Environm & Aerosp Engn DICA, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [D'Urso, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Agr Engn & Agron, Naples, Italy. [Minacapilli, M.] Univ Palermo, Dept Agroenvironm Syst SAGA, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. RP Cammalleri, C (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dept Civil Environm & Aerosp Engn DICA, Viale Sci Ed 8, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. EM cammalleri@idra.unipa.it RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Minacapilli, Mario/0000-0001-7125-5754; D'Urso, Guido/0000-0002-0251-4668; Ciraolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6627-0175 FU DIFA project of the Sicilian Regional Government within the Accordo di Programma Quadro "Societa dell'Informazione" FX The authors thank the farm "Rocchetta di Angela Consiglio" for kindly hosting the experiment. This work was partially funded by the DIFA project of the Sicilian Regional Government within the Accordo di Programma Quadro "Societa dell'Informazione". NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 502 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.009 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700043 ER PT J AU Yan, H Wang, SQ Billesbach, D Oechel, W Zhang, JH Meyers, T Martin, TA Matamala, R Baldocchi, D Bohrer, G Dragoni, D Scott, R AF Yan, H. Wang, S. Q. Billesbach, D. Oechel, W. Zhang, J. H. Meyers, T. Martin, T. A. Matamala, R. Baldocchi, D. Bohrer, G. Dragoni, D. Scott, R. TI Global estimation of evapotranspiration using a leaf area index-based surface energy and water balance model SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Air relative humidity; Stomatal conductance; Canopy transpiration; Soil evaporation; Soil water balance model; Eddy covariance ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; SOIL HEAT-FLUX; LAND-SURFACE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL; SATELLITE DATA; AVHRR DATA; VEGETATION AB Studies of global hydrologic cycles, carbon cycles and climate change are greatly facilitated when. global estimates of evapotranspiration (E) are available. We have developed an air-relative-humidity-based two-source (ARTS) E model that simulates the surface energy balance, soil water balance, and environmental constraints on E. It uses remotely sensed leaf area index (L-ai) and surface meteorological data to estimate E by: 1) introducing a simple biophysical model for canopy conductance (G(c)), defined as a constant maximum stomatal conductance g(smax) of 12.2 mm s(-1) multiplied by air relative humidity (R-h) and L-ai (G(c) = g(srnax) x R-h X L-ai); 2) calculating canopy transpiration with the G(c)-based Penman-Monteith (PM) E model; 3) calculating soil evaporation from an air-relative-humidity-based model of evapotranspiration (Yan & Shugart, 2010); 4) calculating total E (E-0) as the sum of the canopy transpiration and soil evaporation, assuming the absence of soil water stress; and 5) correcting E-0 for soil water stress using a soil water balance model. This physiological ARTS E model requires no calibration. Evaluation against eddy covariance measurements at 19 flux sites, representing a wide variety of climate and vegetation types, indicates that daily estimated E had a root mean square error = 0.77 mm d(-1). bias = -0.14 mm d(-1), and coefficient of determination, R-2 = 0.69. Global, monthly, 0.5 degrees-gridded ARTS E simulations from 1984 to 1998, which were forced using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Lai data, Climate Research Unit climate data, and surface radiation budget data, predicted a mean annual land E of 58.4 x 10(3) km(3). This falls within the range (58 x 10(3)-85 x 10(3) km(3)) estimated by the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP-2: Dirmeyer et al., 2006). The ARTS E spatial pattern agrees well with that of the global E estimated by GSWP-2. The global annual ARTS E increased by 15.5 mm per decade from 1984 to 1998, comparable to an increase of 9.9 mm per decade from the model tree ensemble approach (Jung et al., 2010). These comparisons confirm the effectivity of the ARTS E model to simulate the spatial. pattern and climate response of global E. This model is the first of its kind among remote-sensing-based PM E models to provide global land E estimation with consideration of the soil water balance. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, H.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Billesbach, D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Oechel, W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Zhang, J. H.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Agr Meteorol, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Meyers, T.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Martin, T. A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matamala, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baldocchi, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bohrer, G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Scott, R.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Yan, H (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM yanhaon@yahoo.com.cn; sqwang@igsnrr.ac.cn; dbillesbach1@unl.edu; oechel@sunstroke.sdsu.edu; zhangjh@cams.cma.gov.cn; tilden.meyers@noaa.gov; tamartin@ufl.edu; matamala@anl.gov; baldocchi@berkeley.edu; bohrer.17@osu.edu; ddragoni@indiana.edu; russ.scott@ars.usda.gov RI Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41171284, 40801129]; Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201106027, 200906022]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05050602-1]; US DoE grant [DE-SC0006708] FX The authors would like to thank the flux site investigators for allowing us to use their flux data through AmeriFlux program for the development of ARTS E model. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171284, 40801129), Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (GYHY201106027, 200906022) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050602-1). Flux observations at UMBS were supported by US DoE grant # DE-SC0006708. Finally the reviewers and Dr. Junchang Ju are thanked for the constructive remarks and suggestions. NR 105 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 10 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 581 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.004 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700049 ER PT J AU Wing, BM Ritchie, MW Boston, K Cohen, WB Gitelman, A Olsen, MJ AF Wing, Brian M. Ritchie, Martin W. Boston, Kevin Cohen, Warren B. Gitelman, Alix Olsen, Michael J. TI Prediction of understory vegetation cover with airborne lidar in an interior ponderosa pine forest SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Understory vegetation cover; Lidar; Intensity; Beta regression; Weighted regression ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; BETA REGRESSION; FIRE BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; GRASSLAND VEGETATION; LASER SCANNERS; FUEL MODELS; VOLUME; HEIGHT; AREA AB Forest understory communities are important components in forest ecosystems providing wildlife habitat and influencing nutrient cycling, fuel loadings, fire behavior and tree species composition over time. One of the most widely utilized understory component metrics is understory vegetation cover, often used as a measure of vegetation abundance. To date. understory vegetation cover estimation and prediction has proven to be inherently difficult using traditional explanatory variables such as: leaf area index, basal area, slope, and aspect. We introduce airborne lidar-derived metrics into the modeling framework for understory vegetation cover. A new airborne lidar metric, understory lidar cover density, created by filtering understory lidar points using intensity values increased traditional explanatory power from non-lidar understory vegetation cover estimation models (non-lidar R-2-values: 0.2-0.45 vs. lidar R-2-values: 0.7-0.8). Beta regression, a relatively new modeling technique for this type of data, was compared with a traditional weighted linear regression model using a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. Both models provided similar understory vegetation cover accuracies (+/- 22%) and biases (similar to 0%) using 40.5 m(2) circular plots (n=154). The method presented in this paper provides the ability to accurately obtain census understory vegetation cover information at fine spatial resolutions over a broad range of stand conditions for the interior ponderosa pine forest type. Additional model enhancement and the extension of the method into other forest types warrant further investigation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wing, Brian M.; Boston, Kevin] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ritchie, Martin W.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. [Gitelman, Alix] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olsen, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wing, BM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM brian.wing@oregonstate.edu; mritchie@fs.fed.us; kevin.boston@oregonstate.edu; warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu; gitelman@stat.oregonstate.edu; michael.olsen@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State University; U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX This study was funded through a cooperative agreement between Oregon State University and the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. The authors gratefully acknowledge the field work and additional help of Thomas Fisher, David McClung and Travis Springer. The authors would also like to acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for providing extremely useful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 BP 730 EP 741 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.024 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 039LQ UT WOS:000311247700061 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Buchman, JL Sengoda, VG Goolsby, JA Ochoa, AP Trevino, J Schuster, G AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Buchman, Jeremy L. Sengoda, Venkatesan G. Goolsby, John A. Ochoa, Adrianna P. Trevino, Jennifer Schuster, Greta TI Impact of Potato Planting Time on Incidence of Potato Zebra Chip Disease in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM; COCKERELLI HEMIPTERA TRIOZIDAE; BACTERICERA-COCKERELLI; 1ST REPORT; TRANSMISSION; SULC; INSECTICIDES; INOCULATION; ASSOCIATION; PSYLLIDAE AB Zebra chip, a new and economically important disease of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., in the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and New Zealand has caused millions of dollars in loss to the potato industry. The disease is associated with the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" transmitted to potato by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerel (Sulc). Since its initial U.S. appearance in southern Texas in 2000, zebra chip has caused serious damage to potato production in the state, often leading to abandonment of entire fields. A study at Weslaco assessed the impact of potato planting time on incidence of zebra chip in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Non-treated experimental potato plots were planted in mid-December to mid-February for 4 years, and incidence of zebra chip was estimated at harvest each potato-growing season. Results showed that, in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, potatoes planted early were more affected by zebra chip than were those planted later, with infection rate ranging from 23.2 to 72.7, 20 to 44.6, and 5.4 to 31.2% in potato plots planted in December, January, and February, respectively. The reasons behind this differential in disease incidence are unknown; however, rate of infection by "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" of psyllids colonizing potatoes in the region is suspected. Information from this research will help growers in southern Texas whose potatoes are affected by zebra chip to minimize losses caused by this damaging disease by timely planting of potatoes and appropriately protecting fields from colonization by the potato psyllid. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Buchman, Jeremy L.; Sengoda, Venkatesan G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Goolsby, John A.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Ochoa, Adrianna P.; Trevino, Jennifer; Schuster, Greta] Texas AgriLife Extens, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Ochoa, Adrianna P.; Trevino, Jennifer; Schuster, Greta] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. FU Frito Lay, Inc.; USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program; Texas Department of Agriculture/Texas AgriLife; USDA-NIFA-RAMP [2009-51101-05892]; USDA-NIFA-SCRI [2009-51181-20176] FX We thank Andy Cruz, Blaine Markley, Millie Heidt, and Jacob Dixon for their invaluable technical assistance. We are also grateful to Jack Wallace and Black Gold farms for providing potato seed. Financial support for this work was partially provided by Frito Lay, Inc., USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program, Texas Department of Agriculture/Texas AgriLife, USDA-NIFA-RAMP (Project #2009-51101-05892) and USDA-NIFA-SCRI (Project #2009-51181-20176). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 BP 253 EP 262 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042MY UT WOS:000311476500001 ER PT J AU Guenthner, J Goolsby, J Greenway, G AF Guenthner, Joseph Goolsby, John Greenway, Gina TI Use and Cost of Insecticides to Control Potato Psyllids and Zebra Chip on Potatoes SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BACTERICERA-COCKERELLI; 1ST REPORT; DISEASE AB Zebra chip disease has become a serious problem in North America. Data from growers in Kansas, Nebraska, and Texas enabled us to document insecticide use and costs to control zebra chip in 53 commercial fields of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. The number of different insecticides used in Texas decreased from 16 in 2009 to 10 in 2011. The most commonly used insecticides in all three states were Admire (imidacloprid) and Movento (spirotetramat). Growers in Texas spent an average of $740 per hectare annually during 2009-2011, while those in Kansas and Nebraska spent $700 per hectare. Costs varied among fields in the same locations. Issues raised by this study included: insecticide use progression, control of other insects, yield loss, quality loss, strategies to manage zebra chip, and the impact of zebra chip on the competitive positions of potato-growing areas. C1 [Guenthner, Joseph; Greenway, Gina] Univ Idaho, Dept AERS, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Goolsby, John] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Guenthner, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept AERS, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. FU USDA SCRI; Texas AM University; University of Idaho FX We thank the USDA SCRI, Texas A&M University, and the University of Idaho for supporting this research. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 23 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042MY UT WOS:000311476500002 ER PT J AU Allen, KC Jackson, RE Snodgrass, GL Musser, FR AF Allen, K. Clint Jackson, Ryan E. Snodgrass, Gordon L. Musser, Fred R. TI Comparative Susceptibilities of Different Life Stages of the Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) to Three Classes of Insecticide SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HETEROPTERA MIRIDAE; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; HOST PLANTS; POPULATIONS; MISSISSIPPI; DELTA; RESISTANCE; ARKANSAS; OVIPOSITION; LOUISIANA AB Insecticidal control of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is targeted at the adult and nymphal stages, but there is little information on relative susceptibilities of these insects to insecticides. Tarnished plant bug adults were collected from various locations in Mississippi during 2008-2009, and different life stages of their progeny were tested for susceptibilities to three classes of insecticides. A glass vial bioassay was used to evaluate four populations of tarnished plant bugs for susceptibility to the pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin, and two populations to the organophosphate insecticide, methamidophos. Additionally, a diet-incorporated bioassay was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the various life stages of a single population of tarnished plant bugs to a neonicotinoid insecticide, thiamethoxam. For all but one population and insecticide combination, the estimated LC50 values ranked from least to greatest were: 1st instars, 2nd instars, 3rd instars, adults, 4th instars, and 5th instars. The tolerances of 5th versus 1st instars were greater for populations of tarnished plant bugs exposed to permethrin compared to methamidophos or thiamethoxam. The results of this study indicated that the effectiveness of an insecticide application for the control of tarnished plant bugs depends on the age-structure of the population being treated. C1 [Allen, K. Clint; Jackson, Ryan E.; Snodgrass, Gordon L.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Musser, Fred R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Allen, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042MY UT WOS:000311476500003 ER PT J AU Azuara-Dominguez, A Cibrian-Tovar, J Teran-Vargas, AP Tafoya-Rangel, F Vega-Aquino, P Blanco, CA AF Azuara-Dominguez, Ausencio Cibrian-Tovar, Juan Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. Tafoya-Rangel, Felipe Vega-Aquino, Paulina Blanco, Carlos A. TI Trapping Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Fermented Tequila Agave, and Identification of the Attractant Volatiles SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID METAMASIUS-HEMIPTERUS SERICEUS; HOST-PLANT VOLATILES; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; RHYNCHOPHORUS-PALMARUM; COSMOPOLITES-SORDIDUS; BANANA WEEVIL; SUGARCANE WEEVIL; FIELD; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY AB To trap the agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal, tissue of Agave tequilana F.A.C. Weber var. 'azur' and the synthetic pheromone 2-methyl-4-octanone were used. This study evaluated the efficacy of the fermented "pineapple" or "head" of A. tequilana. We also identified volatile compounds attractive to the agave weevil. In the field, between August 2009 and December 2011, we evaluated the following treatments: 1) pheromone, 2) pheromone + fermented agave head, 3) pheromone + non-fermented agave head, 4) fermented agave head, 5) non-fermented agave head, and control (water + insecticide). The volatiles were sampled using the technique of solid-phase microextraction and identified with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass selective detector. The traps baited with the pheromone and fermented agave head caught more weevils than did the other treatments. The fermented agave head increased the attraction of S. acupunctatus, while the non-fermented agave head did not contribute significantly. The following volatiles were identified in the fermented agave head: ethyl acetate, ethanol, 2-butanol, and acetic acid. In the non-fermented agave head, 24 volatile compounds were collected, and they were different than those identified in the fermented head. The results obtained indicated that the fermented material was a viable alternative to optimize trapping of S. acupunctatus, because the liberated volatile chemical compounds of the attractant captured a greater number of weevils in the field. C1 [Azuara-Dominguez, Ausencio; Cibrian-Tovar, Juan] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. [Teran-Vargas, Antonio P.; Vega-Aquino, Paulina] CIRNE INIFAP, Campo Expt Las Huastecas, Tamaulipas 89610, Mexico. [Tafoya-Rangel, Felipe] Univ Autonoma Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico. [Blanco, Carlos A.] USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Azuara-Dominguez, A (reprint author), Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. RI Tafoya, Felipe/J-6415-2014 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT); Campo Experimental (experimental campus) "Las Huastecas" sur de Tamaulipas (southern Tamaulipas); Produce Tamaulipas foundation FX The authors thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Campo Experimental (experimental campus) "Las Huastecas" sur de Tamaulipas (southern Tamaulipas), and Produce Tamaulipas foundation for funding the project. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 BP 341 EP 349 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042MY UT WOS:000311476500010 ER PT J AU Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D AF Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie TI Isolation and characterization of EMS-induced Dy10 and Ax1 high molecular weight glutenin subunit deficient mutant lines of elite hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Summit SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Glutenin; HMW-GS; Dy10; Ax1; Bread baking; Mutant ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; MIXING PROPERTIES; DOUGHS; GENES; 1DY10 AB The mixing properties of the dough are critical in the production of bread and other food products derived from wheat. The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) are major determinants of wheat dough processing qualities. The different alleles of the HMW-GS genes in hexaploid wheat vary in their effect on dough quality. To determine the contribution of the individual HMW-GS alleles, lines deficient in HMW-GS proteins were generated by chemical mutagenesis in the elite bread wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Summit. In this report we describe the identification and characterization of Dy10 and Ax1 deficient lines. Examination of the effect of Dy10 and Ax1 deficiency on dough rheological properties by mixography showed shorter mixing time to reach peak resistance, and weaker and less extensible doughs relative to the wild type control. This is the first time that the role of Dy10 in vivo has been examined apart from the Dx5 + Dy10 allelic pair combination. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS WRRC, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM debbie.laudencia@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS Project [5325-21000-015D] FX The excellent technical assistance of the following student interns who helped screen for mutants is greatly appreciated: Adaku Ude, Naz Nami, Lily Lim, Sokchea Pheng, and Joshua Speetzen. The author specially thanks student intern Selina Totanes for her excellent technical assistance in carrying out the mixograph experiments and to Drs. Grace Chen, Sylvia Hua, and Roger Thilmony for the critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5325-21000-015D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Specific product names mentioned in this article does not constitute an endorsement and does not imply a recommendation over other suitable products. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 2 BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.06.009 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 017DB UT WOS:000309569200025 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Chen, AC Davey, RB Guerrero, FD Howell, JM Kammlah, DM Li, AY Lohmeyer, KH Olafson, PU de Leon, AAP Phillips, PL Pound, JM Welch, JB AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Chen, Andrew C. Davey, Ronald B. Guerrero, Felix D. Howell, J. M. Kammlah, Diane M. Li, Andrew Y. Lohmeyer, Kimberley H. Olafson, Pia U. de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez Phillips, Pamela L. Pound, Joe M. Welch, J. B. TI Novel Approaches for control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE CIENCIAS PECUARIAS LA English DT Review DE Acetylcholinesterase; Organophosphate; Acaricide resistance ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMERICANUM ACARI IXODIDAE; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; TICK CONTROL PROJECT; ORGANOPHOSPHATE-RESISTANT STRAIN; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; SALIVARY-GLANDS; UNITED-STATES; SELF-TREATMENT; BABESIA-BOVIS AB We review recent progress for control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. (B.) annulatus. Outbreak infestations in the U.S. have reached alarming levels, due to increased populations of deer and other ungulates serving as alternative hosts. GIS mapping of infestations and deer habitat aids in utilizing methods and equipment designed for acaricide treatment of wild ungulates. Investigations include deer immunology, tick molecular genetics, acaricide resistance, and host-parasite interactions with deer or cattle, ticks, and pathogens. Acaricide resistance is widespread in Mexico and U.S. dipping vats depend on organophosphate (OP) inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Three cDNAs putatively encoding acetylcholinesterases (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) in R. (B.) microplus were expressed in the baculovirus system and exhibited K-m values for acetylthiocholine of approx. 5, 50, or 90 mu M, for rBmAChE1, rBmAChE2, and rBmAChE3, respectively. The rBmAChEs exhibited substrate preference for acetylthiocholine over butyrylthiocholine, and inhibition by eserine, paraoxon, and the AChE-specific inhibitor, BW284C51, confirming biochemical identification as AChEs. Expression of specific mutations from OP-resistant strains exhibited decreased sensitivity of rBmAChE1 and rBmAChE3 to OP inhibition. Each of the BmAChEs was expressed in synganglion as indicated by qRT-PCR. Multiple transcripts from individual ticks for each of the BmAChEs suggested alternative splicing or gene duplication. Quantitative real time PCR with genomic DNA supported the gene duplication hypothesis. Long dsRNA specific for BmAChE1, BmAChE2, and BmAChE3 was introduced by microinjection of unfed adult females and subsequent gene silencing was monitored by qRT-PCR and phenotypic effects. Specific physiological roles for BmAChE1, BmAChE2, and BmAChE3 remain to be elucidated. C1 [Temeyer, Kevin B.; Chen, Andrew C.; Guerrero, Felix D.; Howell, J. M.; Kammlah, Diane M.; Li, Andrew Y.; Lohmeyer, Kimberley H.; Olafson, Pia U.; de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez; Phillips, Pamela L.; Pound, Joe M.; Welch, J. B.] ARS, US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Davey, Ronald B.] ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, USDA, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), ARS, US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kevin.temeyer@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, CRIS [6205-32000-026-00D] FX Funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture, CRIS Project No: 6205-32000-026-00D; Project Title: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU INIFAP-CENID PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA PI JIUTEPEC C P PA CARRETERA FEDERAL CUERNAVACA-CUAUTIA NO 8534, COL PROGRESSO, JIUTEPEC C P, 06300 D F, MEXICO SN 2007-1124 J9 REV MEX CIENC PECU JI Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 SU 1 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 036DV UT WOS:000311007500004 ER PT J AU Andress, E Jones, E War, M Shelly, T AF Andress, Earl Jones, Edward War, Mamadou Shelly, Todd TI EFFECTS OF PRE-RELEASE CHILLING ON THE FLIGHT ABILITY OF STERILE MALES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Sterile Insect Technique; mass rearing; chilling; temperature effects ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; MASS-REARED MALES; FIELD CAGES; FLIES; COURTSHIP; QUALITY; WILD; PERFORMANCE; LONGEVITY; RECOVERY AB The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is used to suppress or eradicate infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The success of the SIT depends to a large degree on the ability of sterile males to compete successfully against wild males in obtaining matings with wild females. Sterile males are chilled to allow their transfer to and subsequent storage within the aircraft used for the releases. Here, we describe the results of an experiment that investigated the effects of varying chill duration (at 3-8 degrees C for 2-6 h) on flight ability of sterile males derived from mass-rearing facilities in Hawaii and Guatemala. Flight ability decreased significantly, and at the same rate, with increasing chill duration for flies from both production facilities. However, for any given chill duration, the Hawaii-derived flies displayed greater flight ability than the Guatemala-derived flies. In addition, there was significant variation in flight ability among daily shipments from both facilities. Nevertheless, the present data clearly reveal that limiting chill duration promotes higher flight performance of released sterile males. Implications of our findings for Mediterranean fruit fly SIT programs are discussed. C1 [Shelly, Todd] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Andress, Earl] USDA APHIS, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. [Jones, Edward] USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [War, Mamadou] CDFA, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. RP Shelly, T (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM tshelly34@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400008 ER PT J AU Halbert, SE Manjunath, K Ramadugu, C Lee, RF AF Halbert, Susan E. Manjunath, Keremane Ramadugu, Chandrika Lee, Richard F. TI INCIDENCE OF HUANGLONGBING-ASSOCIATED 'CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS' IN DIAPHORINA CITRI (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) COLLECTED FROM PLANTS FOR SALE IN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE huanglongbing; HLB; citrus greening; Diaphorina citri; citrus; regulations ID DISEASE AB The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was reported for the first time in Florida in June 1998, and huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening), vectored by D. citri, was detected in Florida for the first time in Aug 2005. In Florida, the only known HLB pathogen is 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las). After HLB was known to be established in Florida, the psyllid vectors found in regulatory samples from plants for sale were tested for the pathogen by real-time qPCR. Approximately 1,200 regulatory samples were tested between Aug 2005 and Aug 2009. Samples came from venues in 44 of Florida's 67 counties. Most of the samples came from citrus, but about 11% came from Murraya exotica, a popular ornamental plant and close relative of citrus. Approximately 9.7% of the psyllid samples tested were positive for Las. Numbers of samples and proportion of positive samples varied by year and by county. C1 [Halbert, Susan E.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Manjunath, Keremane; Lee, Richard F.] ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Ramadugu, Chandrika] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Halbert, SE (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. EM Susan.Halbert@freshfromflorida.com NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 617 EP 624 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400012 ER PT J AU Fiaboe, KKM Peterson, AT Kairo, MTK Roda, AL AF Fiaboe, K. K. M. Peterson, A. T. Kairo, M. T. K. Roda, A. L. TI PREDICTING THE POTENTIAL WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RED PALM WEEVIL RHYNCHOPHORUS FERRUGINEUS (OLIVIER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) USING ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Rhynchophorus ferrugineus; invasion; ecological niche modeling; distribution; palm ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; DATE PALM; PHEROMONE TRAPS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOENIX-CANARIENSIS; INVASIONS; CLIMATE; PLANTATIONS; PARAMETERS; COCONUT AB The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), ranks among the most important pests of various palm species. The pest originates from South and Southeast Asia, but has expanded its range dramatically since the 1980s. We used ecological niche modeling (ENM) approaches to explore its likely geographic potential. Two techniques, the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) and a maximum entropy approach (MaxEnt), were used. However, MaxEnt provided more significant results, with all 5 random replicate subsamples having P < 0.002 while GARP models failed to achieve statistical significance in 3 of 5 cases, in which predictions achieved probabilities of 0.07 < P < 0.10. The MaxEnt models predicted successfully the known distribution, including the single North American occurrence point of Laguna Beach, California, and various areas where the pest has been reported in North Africa, southern Europe, Middle East and South and Southeastern Asia. In addition, areas where the pest has not been yet reported were found to be suitable for invasion by RPW in sub-Saharan Africa, southern, central and northern America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Highly suitable areas in the United States of America were limited mostly to coastal California and southern Florida, while all Caribbean islands were found highly suitable for establishment and spread of the pest. C1 [Fiaboe, K. K. M.; Kairo, M. T. K.] Florida Mech & Agr Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Fiaboe, K. K. M.] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya. [Peterson, A. T.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Roda, A. L.] Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Miami, FL USA. RP Kairo, MTK (reprint author), Florida Mech & Agr Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL USA. EM moses.kairo@famu.edu OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 FU Florida AM University [10-8100-1503-CA]; USDA Animal [10-8100-1503-CA]; Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine [10-8100-1503-CA] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. S.T. Prabhu of the Agricultural Research Station at Karnataka, India, for providing us with his unpublished RPW survey data in Karnataka state. The coordinates in the Caribbean region were compiled during our field survey under the "Strategic research on pest threats in the Caribbean Pathway" project. This study was supported through the U.S. Farm Bill section 10201 funding through a Cooperative Agreement (10-8100-1503-CA) between Florida A&M University and USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine. NR 84 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 55 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 659 EP + PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400017 ER PT J AU Pick, DA Avery, PB Hunter, WB Powell, CA Arthurs, SP AF Pick, David A. Avery, Pasco B. Hunter, Wayne B. Powell, Charles A. Arthurs, Steven P. TI EFFECT OF ISARIA FUMOSOROSEA (HYPOCREALES: CORDYCIPITACEAE) AND LYSIPHLEBUS TESTACEIPES, (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) ON THE BROWN CITRUS APHID: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF A COMPATIBILITY STUDY SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID PARASITOID ENCARSIA-FORMOSA; FUNGUS VERTICILLIUM-LECANII; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; ASCHERSONIA-ALEYRODIS; HEMIPTERA PSYLLIDAE; ISOLATE; FLORIDA; APHELINIDAE; HOMOPTERA C1 [Avery, Pasco B.; Powell, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Pick, David A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harriet L Wilkes Honors Coll, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Hunter, Wayne B.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Arthurs, Steven P.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Avery, PB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM pickdavid1@hotmail.com; pbavery@ufl.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 24 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 764 EP 766 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400028 ER PT J AU Robbins, PS Alessandro, RT Stelinski, LL Lapointe, SL AF Robbins, Paul S. Alessandro, Rocco T. Stelinski, Lukasz L. Lapointe, Stephen L. TI VOLATILE PROFILES OF YOUNG LEAVES OF RUTACEAE SPP. VARYING IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOST PLANTS; HOMOPTERA; CUES; OILS C1 [Robbins, Paul S.; Alessandro, Rocco T.; Lapointe, Stephen L.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Stelinski, Lukasz L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Robbins, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM psr1@cornell.edu OI Alessandro, Rocco/0000-0001-7983-0557 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 774 EP 776 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400031 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Martin, MR Center, TD AF Tipping, Philip W. Martin, Melissa R. Center, Ted D. TI WEEVILS VERSUS NO WEEVILS: A COMPARISON OF SALVINIA MINIMA POPULATIONS IN FLORIDA AND LOUISIANA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID BAKER C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Center, Ted D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Martin, Melissa R.] ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 779 EP 782 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400033 ER PT J AU Pena, JE Carrillo, D Duncan, RE Capinera, JL Brar, G Mclean, S Arpaia, ML Focht, E Smith, JA Hughes, M Kendra, PE AF Pena, J. E. Carrillo, D. Duncan, R. E. Capinera, J. L. Brar, G. Mclean, S. Arpaia, M. L. Focht, E. Smith, J. A. Hughes, M. Kendra, P. E. TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PERSEA SPP. AND OTHER LAURACEAE TO ATTACK BY REDBAY AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLEBORUS GLABRATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LAUREL WILT; RAFFAELEA-LAURICOLA; SYMBIONT; PATHOGEN; AVOCADO; NORTH C1 [Pena, J. E.; Carrillo, D.; Duncan, R. E.] Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Capinera, J. L.; Brar, G.; Mclean, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Arpaia, M. L.; Focht, E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot Ad Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Smith, J. A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hughes, M.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kendra, P. E.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Pena, JE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM jepe@ifas.ufl.edu RI Carrillo, Daniel/D-7233-2013 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 783 EP 787 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400034 ER PT J AU Dickey, AM Shatters, RG Mckenzie, CL AF Dickey, Aaron M. Shatters, Robert G., Jr. Mckenzie, Cindy L. TI A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF ELUTING INSECT DNA FROM FLINDERS TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES CARDS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dickey, Aaron M.; Shatters, Robert G., Jr.; Mckenzie, Cindy L.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Mckenzie, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Cindy.McKenzie@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 95 IS 3 BP 790 EP 793 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 024HD UT WOS:000310099400036 ER PT J AU Geis-Asteggiante, L Lehotay, SJ Heinzen, H AF Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia Lehotay, Steven J. Heinzen, Horacio TI Effects of Temperature and Purity of Magnesium Sulfate During Extraction of Pesticide Residues Using the QuEChERS Method SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; SAMPLE PREPARATION APPROACH; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAFE APPROACH; MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS; ANALYTE PROTECTANTS AB Despite its many documented advantages, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) sample preparation approach has problems with a few unstable pesticides, partly due to the exothermic reaction generated by the use of anhydrous magnesium sulfate (anh. MgSO4) during extraction. These pesticides also tend to be difficult to analyze by GC/MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature during the extraction process in a revised version of AOAC Official Method(SM) 2007.01 using anh. MgSO4 >= 99% (fine powder) or >= 97% (granular) purity, and the use of an ice bath for particular unstable pesticides of interest (chlorothalonil, captan, captafol, folpet, and the degradation products cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide and phthalimide). Recoveries of 38 representative pesticides were measured in limes and broccoli at different extraction conditions by LC/MS/MS and low-pressure GC/MS/MS. Results showed that the difference in temperature when using >= 99% versus >= 97% purity anh. MgSO4 was 6-9 degrees C, which did not lead to significant differences in recoveries. The use of an ice bath aided recovery for some of the analytes in broccoli, but no significant differences were observed for limes, which already provided greater stability of the base-sensitive analytes due to acidity of the matrix. C1 [Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia; Lehotay, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Geis-Asteggiante, Lucia; Heinzen, Horacio] UdelaR, Catedra Farmacognosia & Prod Nat, DQO, Fac Quim, Montevideo 12800, Uruguay. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Steven.Lehotay@ars.usda.gov FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [US-4273-09] FX This research was funded by the U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund No. US-4273-09. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 34 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1318 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.SGE_Geis-Asteggiante PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 031OS UT WOS:000310652300006 PM 23175960 ER PT J AU Bushkin, GG Motari, E Magnelli, P Gubbels, MJ Dubey, JP Miska, KB Bullitt, E Costello, CE Robbins, PW Samuelson, J AF Bushkin, G. Guy Motari, Edwin Magnelli, Paula Gubbels, Marc-Jan Dubey, Jitender P. Miska, Katarzyna B. Bullitt, Esther Costello, Catherine E. Robbins, Phillips W. Samuelson, John TI beta-1,3-Glucan, Which Can Be Targeted by Drugs, Forms a Trabecular Scaffold in the Oocyst Walls of Toxoplasma and Eimeria SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; GONDII; BRADYZOITES; SPOROZOITES; LOCALIZATION; INFECTIVITY; COCCIDIOSIS; PROTEINS; RESOURCE; POULTRY AB The walls of infectious pathogens, which are essential for transmission, pathogenesis, and diagnosis, contain sugar polymers that are defining structural features, e. g., beta-1,3-glucan and chitin in fungi, chitin in Entamoeba cysts, beta-1,3-GalNAc in Giardia cysts, and peptidoglycans in bacteria. The goal here was to determine in which of three walled forms of Toxoplasma gondii (oocyst, sporocyst, or tissue cyst) is beta-1,3-glucan, the product of glucan synthases and glucan hydrolases predicted by whole-genome sequences of the parasite. The three most important discoveries were as follows. (i) beta-1,3-glucan is present in oocyst walls of Toxoplasma and Eimeria (a chicken parasite that is a model for intestinal stages of Toxoplasma) but is absent from sporocyst and tissue cyst walls. (ii) Fibrils of beta-1,3-glucan are part of a trabecular scaffold in the inner layer of the oocyst wall, which also includes a glucan hydrolase that has a novel glucan-binding domain. (iii) Echinocandins, which target the glucan synthase and kill fungi, arrest development of the Eimeria oocyst wall and prevent release of the parasites into the intestinal lumen. In summary, beta-1,3-glucan, which can be targeted by drugs, is an important component of oocyst walls of Toxoplasma but is not a component of sporocyst and tissue cyst walls. IMPORTANCE We show here that walls of Toxoplasma oocysts, the infectious stage shed by cats, contain beta-1,3-glucan, a sugar polymer that is a major component of fungal walls. In contrast to fungi, beta-1,3-glucan is part of a trabecular scaffold in the inner layer of the oocyst wall that is independent of the permeability barrier formed by the outer layer of the wall. While glucan synthase inhibitors kill fungi, these inhibitors arrest the development of the oocyst walls of Eimeria (an important chicken pathogen that is a surrogate for Toxoplasma) and block release of oocysts into the intestinal lumen. The absence of beta-1,3-glucan in tissue cysts of Toxoplasma suggests that drugs targeted at the glucan synthase might be used to treat Eimeria in chickens but not to treat Toxoplasma in people. C1 [Bushkin, G. Guy; Motari, Edwin; Magnelli, Paula; Robbins, Phillips W.; Samuelson, John] Boston Univ, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bushkin, G. Guy; Samuelson, John] Boston Univ, Dept Microbiol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gubbels, Marc-Jan] Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Dubey, Jitender P.; Miska, Katarzyna B.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Bullitt, Esther] Boston Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Costello, Catherine E.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Costello, Catherine E.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Samuelson, J (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jsamuels@bu.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AI48082, AI07642 [T32], RR010888, GM104603, RR015942, AI081924, GM31318]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [CRIS 1265-31320-075-00D] FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grant AI48082 to J.S., grant AI07642 [T32] to G. G. B., grants RR010888, GM104603, and RR015942 to C. E. C., grant AI081924 to M.-J.G., and grant GM31318 to P. W. R.). This work was also supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (CRIS 1265-31320-075-00D to K.B.M.). NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 3 IS 5 AR e00258-12 DI 10.1128/mBio.00258-12 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 030QK UT WOS:000310585000013 ER PT J AU Meikle, WG Sammataro, D Neumann, P Pflugfelder, J AF Meikle, William Grems Sammataro, Diana Neumann, Peter Pflugfelder, Jochen TI Challenges for developing pathogen-based biopesticides against Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Review DE Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; biological control; entomopathogenic fungi ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; HONEY-BEE COLONIES; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA DEUTEROMYCOTA; FUNGUS METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; AETHINA-TUMIDA COLEOPTERA; MICROBIAL CONTROL AGENTS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; ECTOPARASITIC MITE; ACARI VARROIDAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Control of the major pest of apiculture, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor using pathogen-based biopesticides would resolve many of the problems experienced with other forms of control, such as chemical control, hive manipulation, or selection of resistant honeybee strains. Several research groups have developed and tested fungus-based biopesticides in laboratory and field experiments, with varying results. While biopesticides have many desirable qualities, including much lower risk of honey contamination and of pest resistance, future research needs to focus on: (1) identification of the sub-population(s) of V. destructor affected by biopesticides and the duration and impact of the application on mite population dynamics; (2) development of an effective, easily applied formulation, and (3) evaluation of possible side or sublethal effects on bees themselves. Biopesticides need to be evaluated on the field (colony) level in addition to the laboratory level. Researchers should consider providing data that can be easily used to evaluate effect, such as mite drop counts onto sticky boards coupled with assessments of phoretic mite density or brood cell mite density. Exploration for naturally occurring pathogens should be conducted in the native range of V. destructor in Asia. C1 [Meikle, William Grems] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Sammataro, Diana] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Neumann, Peter; Pflugfelder, Jochen] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Meikle, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM William.meikle@ars.usda.gov FU Montagu foundation; FP7 project BEEDOC; FP7 project STEP FX We thank J.J. Adamczyk, R. R. James, P. Moran, and two anonymous reviewers for their help in improving the manuscript. Financial support was given by the Montagu foundation to JP and the FP7 projects BEEDOC and STEP to PN. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 73 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 501 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s13592-012-0118-0 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025WE UT WOS:000310226400002 ER PT J AU Bourgeois, AL Rinderer, TE Sylvester, HA Holloway, B Oldroyd, BP AF Bourgeois, A. Lelania Rinderer, Thomas E. Sylvester, H. Allen Holloway, Beth Oldroyd, Benjamin P. TI Patterns of Apis mellifera infestation by Nosema ceranae support the parasite hypothesis for the evolution of extreme polyandry in eusocial insects SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE polyandry; patriline; Nosema ceranae; Apis mellifera; evolution of polyandry ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; HONEYBEE COLONIES; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SIBSHIP INFERENCE; SOCIAL INSECTS; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; DISEASE; SEX AB We investigated the relationship between infestation levels of Nosema ceranae and patriline membership by sampling individual worker bees from five colonies from both Russian and Italian lineages. Individual workers were tested for N. ceranae infestation level using qPCR, and then genotyped to determine their patriline membership. Levels of N. ceranae infestation differed significantly between lineages and colonies for both Russian and Italian workers. Patriline-based variance was evident only among the Russian workers. There was substantial variation in N. ceranae levels among Italian workers, ranging from 0 to 2 x 10(9) Nosema/bee, but this variation was unrelated to patriline membership. The results for Russian honey bees are congruent with predictions derived from the parasite hypothesis for the evolution of polyandry-patrilinial variance in parasite tolerance contributes to colony level resistance by reducing the probability of catastrophic failure that might occur if a colony was genetically homogeneous. C1 [Bourgeois, A. Lelania; Rinderer, Thomas E.; Sylvester, H. Allen; Holloway, Beth] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Oldroyd, Benjamin P.] Univ Sydney, Behav & Genet Social Insects Lab, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Bourgeois, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM lanie.bourgeois@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s13592-012-0121-5 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025WE UT WOS:000310226400005 ER PT J AU Khongphinitbunjong, K de Guzman, LI Burgett, MD Rinderer, TE Chantawannakul, P AF Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong de Guzman, Lilia I. Burgett, Michael D. Rinderer, Thomas E. Chantawannakul, Panuwan TI Behavioral responses underpinning resistance and susceptibility of honeybees to Tropilaelaps mercedesae SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE grooming behavior; Apis cerana; Apis dorsata; Apis mellifera; Tropilaelaps mercedesae ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; VARROA-JACOBSONI; ECTOPARASITIC MITE; ACARAPIS-WOODI; COLONY DEFENSE; DORSATA; CLAREAE; CERANA; BEE; ACARI AB Behavioral responses of Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, and Apis mellifera to the ectoparasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae, were compared using two laboratory bioassays: cohorts of 50 caged worker bees and individual-caged worker bees, all of unknown ages. For the group bioassays, ten T. mercedesae were placed on the bodies of bees in each cohort. After 6 h, nearly 2/3 of the mites placed on A. cerana had fallen from the bees onto sticky traps that were placed under the cages, compared to only about 1/3 for A. dorsata and A. mellifera. The majority of fallen mites fell within 24 h from A. cerana (93.3 +/- 2.3%), 36 h from A. dorsata (92.2 +/- 1.9%), and 48 h from A. mellifera (91.3 +/- 1.4%). Higher proportions of injured mites were observed among the mites that fell from A. cerana (38.3 +/- 12.9%) and A. dorsata (33.9 +/- 17.4%) than among those that fell from A. mellifera (19.5 +/- 7.2%). The rapid fall of mites from the bodies of A. cerana may be due to a combination of auto-grooming and rapid body shaking of the bees. In individual bee assays, where individual bees were challenged with one female T. mercedesae, A. cerana and A. dorsata exhibited faster behavioral responses to the presence of mites than did A. mellifera (39.4 +/- 13.2, 44.9 +/- 19.2, and 188.4 +/- 63.9 s, respectively). Phoretic T. mercedesae were mostly observed attaching to the propodeum/petiole region of all three bee species, although some mites also occupied the wing base area of A. dorsata and A. mellifera. C1 [Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong; Chantawannakul, Panuwan] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bee Protect Ctr, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [de Guzman, Lilia I.; Rinderer, Thomas E.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Burgett, Michael D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chantawannakul, Panuwan] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Chantawannakul, P (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bee Protect Ctr, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM panuwan@gmail.com FU Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program; Thailand Research Fund FX We acknowledge the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program for the financial support to Kitiphong Khongphinitbunjong and the Thailand Research Fund. Our appreciation is extended to Amanda Frake who provided statistical help. We thank Dr. Manas Titayawan, staff at School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Naresuan University, Phayao Campus and Bongkotch Boopha for their assistance in collecting bees. We are also grateful to Dr. Prachaval Sukumalanand (Department of Entomology, Chiang Mai University) for the use of his facility. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 590 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s13592-012-0129-x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025WE UT WOS:000310226400010 ER PT J AU Chesser, GD Davis, JD Purswell, JL Lemus, R AF Chesser, G. D., Jr. Davis, J. D. Purswell, J. L. Lemus, R. TI MOISTURE DETERMINATION IN WINDROWED SWITCHGRASS USING ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE PROBES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Moisture measurement; Switchgrass; Hay; Pressure; Orientation ID METER; HAY AB Determining moisture content (MC) levels in windrowed biomass is important for both forage producers and researchers. Energy crops such as switchgrass have been troublesome when using standard methods set for electrical resistance meters. The objectives of this study were to i) develop the methodologies needed to measure MC in switchgrass using electrical resistance meters, ii) to determine the effects of pressure and probe orientation on MC measurement and iii) to generate MC calibration equations for electrical resistance meters using switchgrass in the senescence growth stage. Two meters (Meter I, Farmex HT-PRO; Meter 2, Delmhorst F-2000) were selected based on commercial availability. A forage compression apparatus was designed and constructed with on-farm materials and methods to provide a simple system of applying pressure achievable by any forage producer or researcher in the field A study was performed to test four levels of moisture contents (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%), five pressures (0, 1.68, 3.11, 4.55, 6.22 kN/m(2); 0, 35, 65, 95, 130 lb/ft(2)), and two probe orientations (axial and transverse) in a 4x5x2 factorial design. Results indicated that meter accuracy increased as pressure increased and probe orientation was important. Regression models accounted for 91% and 81% of the variation for Meter 1 and Meter 2 at a pressure of 4.55 kN/m(2) (95 lb/ft(2)) and a transverse probe orientation. Calibration equations were developed for both meters to improve moisture measurement accuracy for farmers and researchers in the field. C1 [Chesser, G. D., Jr.; Davis, J. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Purswell, J. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Lemus, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Davis, JD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Box 9632, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jdavis@abe.msstate.edu FU Sustainable Energy Research Center; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station at Mississippi State University; U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG3606GO86025] FX This research was supported by the Sustainable Energy Research Center and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station at Mississippi State University with funds provided by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DEFG3606GO86025. The authors would like to thank Dennis Rowe, Research Professor and Head Experimental Statistics, for analysis assistance. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 623 EP 629 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 029JW UT WOS:000310492600001 ER PT J AU Wanjura, JD Faulkner, WB Holt, GA Pelletier, MG AF Wanjura, J. D. Faulkner, W. B. Holt, G. A. Pelletier, M. G. TI INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING AND GIN CLEANING PRACTICES ON SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS COTTON QUALITY SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Ginning; Harvesting ID SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTOR AB Southern High Plains cotton has improved over the last ten years with regard to yield and fiber length and strength. In light of increased adoption of picker harvesting to preserve fiber quality and improve harvest productivity, ginning practices are needed which preserve fiber quality and maximize return to the producer The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of harvest method, number of seed-cotton extractor cleaners (e.g. stick machines), and. seed-cotton cleaning rate on foreign matter content, lint value, and fiber and yarn quality of cotton produced in the Southern High Plains. Compared to using only one stick machine, the use of two stick machines in the seed-cotton cleaning system removed more foreign material from both picker- and stripper-harvested cotton, but more foreign material was removed by the stick machines from stripper-harvested cotton because it had higher initial foreign matter content. Seed-cotton cleaning rate had no influence on stick machine cleaning performance for picked cotton but higher cleaning rates reduced stick machine cleaning performance for stripper-harvested cotton. Picker-harvested cotton exhibited improved HVI and AFIS fiber quality and higher bale values compared to stripper-harvested cotton. The use of two stick machines improved fiber color properties and reduced lint foreign matter content. Seed-cotton cleaning rate had a minimal effect on fiber quality and bale value was not influenced by the number of stick machines or seed-cotton cleaning rate. Total lint value, on a production area basis, was higher for stripper-harvested cotton after both lint cleaners compared to picker-harvested cotton due to yield differences. Yarn imperfections were reduced for ring spun yarn produced from picker-harvested cotton processed through one stick machine at the high cleaning rate. The findings of this work support a recommendation for using one stick machine in seed-cotton cleaning systems processing picker-harvested cotton and two stick machines in systems processing stripper-harvested cotton. C1 [Wanjura, J. D.; Holt, G. A.; Pelletier, M. G.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Faulkner, W. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wanjura, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM John.Wanjura@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; Texas Department of Agriculture - Food and Fibers Commission FX The authors would like to thank Cotton Incorporated and the Texas Department of Agriculture - Food and Fibers Commission for their financial support and John Deere for the use of the 9996 cotton picker. The authors also thank the Lubbock area producers for cooperating with us in this research effort. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 631 EP 641 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 029JW UT WOS:000310492600002 ER PT J AU Manuck, CM Heller, N Battany, MC Perry, A McElrone, AJ AF Manuck, C. M. Heller, N. Battany, M. C. Perry, A. McElrone, A. J. TI EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL OF WELL PROFILING TECHNOLOGY TO LIMIT IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY IN CALIFORNIA VINEYARDS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Well monitoring; Water quality; Tracer-pulse; Grapevines ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; ROOTSTOCKS; GRAPEVINE; TOXICITY; QUALITY AB Grape growers in some regions of California are confronting problems with soil salinity. Improving irrigation water quality at the source well offers a potential solution to mitigate soil salinity issues in vineyards. Here, we utilized tracer-pulse technology and chemical analysis to assess flow and constituent contributions at various points throughout the depth profiles of three wells with known salinity problems. At the surface, all three wells had several chemical constituents measuring at concentrations higher than the recommended threshold for grapevines. Theoretical well manipulation effects were calculated to evaluate whether blocking inflow at each layer of each well's depth profile would improve overall water quality at the surface. The profiling.technology effectively measured variation in flow and chemical contributions along each profile. As no strong chemical hotspots were detected and the distributions were relatively uniform/symmetric across each of the depth profiles, the theoretical well manipulation offered little improvement in overall well water quality without detrimental effects on volume pumping capacity. For example, in one well a manipulation inserted at 73- to 113-m below ground surface would reduce the overall concentration of several constituents of concern, but would be accompanied by a 41% reduction in well flow. While a well manipulation would have minimal effect for the three wells assessed in this study, this method could be an effective means of improving irrigation water quality for wells with stronger asymmetrical patterns of constituent contributions. C1 [Manuck, C. M.; McElrone, A. J.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95161 USA. [Heller, N.] BESST Inc, San Rafael, CA USA. [Battany, M. C.] San Luis Obispo Cty Cooperat Extens, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. [Perry, A.] J Lohr Vineyards Wines, Paso Robles, CA USA. RP McElrone, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, 2154 RMI N, Davis, CA 95161 USA. EM ajmeelrone@ucdavis.edu FU American Vineyard Foundation (AVF); U.S. Department of Agriculture's Sustainable Viticulture CRIS [5306-21220-004-00]; J. Lohr Vineyards FX Funding for this study was provided by the American Vineyard Foundation (AVF), and U.S. Department of Agriculture's Sustainable Viticulture CRIS (Research Project #5306-21220-004-00). The authors would like to thank J. Lohr Vineyards for well access and financial support, J. E. Ayars for helpful comments and recommendations about the data and manuscript, and M. Hejazian and M. Huggins for help with data processing and analysis of theoretical well manipulations. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 657 EP 664 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 029JW UT WOS:000310492600005 ER PT J AU Armstrong, PR Casada, ME Lawrence, J AF Armstrong, P. R. Casada, M. E. Lawrence, J. TI DEVELOPMENT OF EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE RELATIONSHIPS FOR STORAGE MOISTURE MONITORING OF CORN SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Equilibrium moisture; Corn; Grain monitoring; Chung-Pfost ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; YELLOW-DENT; SENSORS; TEMPERATURE; GRAIN AB Commercial systems are currently available to measure grain moisture during storage using relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) sensors and equilibrium moisture (EMC) models. However, the variability of the EMC relationships between grain lots necessitates that a good model be selected or developed for each specific grain. The objective of this research was to develop modified Chung-Pfost equilibrium moisture models for seven corn samples, examine their prediction accuracy, and evaluate simplification of the experimental procedures used to develop these models. The models that were developed used corn conditioned over a broad range of five moisture levels (5-point models). Models were also developed using a reduced number of levels with a narrower moisture range; models with 4 and 2 moisture levels (4- and 2-point models, respectively). The 4-point model used all data except the highest moisture level while the 2-point model used the extreme moisture levels of the 4-point model. The 5-point models had the highest standard error of estimates (SEE) averaging 0.90 and 0.82 for adsorption and desorption, respectively. The 2-point model was used to predict all of the moisture levels of the 4-point data; the standard errors of prediction (SEP) for these predictions averaged 0.41 and 0.39 for adsorption and desorption, respectively, and are only marginally higher than 4-point models. These results show that a 2-point model can be used for accurate moisture measurement across a range common for stored corn, while reducing the amount of work required for model development. The moisture levels suitable for a 2-point model should be limited to upper and lower moisture contents corresponding to 85% to <90% relative humidity and 35% to 50% relative humidity, respectively. C1 [Armstrong, P. R.; Casada, M. E.] USDA ARS, EWERU, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Lawrence, J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, EWERU, CGAHR, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM paul.armstrong@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 677 EP 683 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 029JW UT WOS:000310492600007 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, HM Muzhingi, T Eggert, EMR Johnson, EJ AF Rasmussen, Helen M. Muzhingi, Tawanda Eggert, Emily M. R. Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI Lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin content in egg yolk and their absence in fish and seafood SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Lutein; Zeaxanthin; Meso-zeaxanthin; Macular pigments; Pigments in food; Fish; Seafood; Eggs; Dietary intake; Food analysis; Food composition ID MACULAR PIGMENT; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CAROTENOIDS; SUPPLEMENTATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; VEGETABLES; DIETARY; SPINACH; MONKEYS; RETINA AB Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are carotenoids that are selectively taken up into the macula of the eye where they may protect against age-related macular degeneration. Meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) is also found in the macula, but is derived from L It has been reported that MZ was found in certain fish and seafood. However, concentrations were not quantitated. MZ is used as an ingredient in poultry feed in Mexico but not in the United States (US). The purpose of this work was to quantify MZ in fish, seafood, and egg in efforts to determine dietary contributions to its presence in the macula. Fish, seafood and eggs from California, Illinois, Massachusetts and Mexico were analyzed for L, Z. and MZ using reverse- and chiral normal-phase HPLC. For all fish and seafoods,L, Z, and MZ were not detected. In eggs from the US, L + Z levels ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 mg/100 g yolk with L levels being 1.3-1.6 times higher than that of Z. One egg (California) contained a small amount of MZ (0.01 mg/100 g yolk). Carotenoid concentrations were significantly higher in Mexican eggs (p < 0.025, 3.44 mg/100 g yolk) with the ratio of L:Z:MZ being 1:1:1.3. In the US the presence of MZ in the macula is not likely due to dietary sources, although this a possibility when consuming eggs of chickens fed MZ. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rasmussen, Helen M.; Muzhingi, Tawanda; Eggert, Emily M. R.; Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM helen.rasmussen@tufts.edu; tawanda.muzhingi@tufts.edu; eggerte@verizon.net; elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu FU USDA [58-1950-7-707]; Zeaxanthin Trade Association FX Supported by USDA 58-1950-7-707 and Zeaxanthin Trade Association. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.04.009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024KI UT WOS:000310107700004 ER PT J AU Dietenberger, M AF Dietenberger, Mark TI Pyrolysis kinetics and combustion of thin wood by an advanced cone calorimetry test method SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE Wood pyrolysis kinetics; Modified cone calorimetry; Evolved gas analysis ID COMPONENTS AB Pyrolysis kinetics analysis of extractives, holocellulose, and lignin in the solid redwood over the entire heating regime was possible by specialized cone calorimeter test and new mathematical analysis tools. Added hardware components include: modified sample holder for the thin specimen with tiny thermocouples, the methane ring burner with stainless-steel mesh above cone heater, and the water vapor sensor in heated gas sampling lines. Specialized numerical deconvolutions were applied to the oxygen and water vapor analyzer signals to synchronize with the rapid-responding CO/CO2 analyzer signals. From this data, the mass flow rates of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen within the wood volatiles as function of time were obtained, which allowed deducing the mass flow rate of significant molecules of wood volatiles that have their origins in the wood constituents of extractives, holocellulose, and lignin. Accurate analytical solution of pyrolysis kinetics of appropriate competitive reactions that continuously conserved carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen mass flow rates was obtained for piecewise exponentially-shaped, spatially uniform temperature within the specimen as implemented conveniently in MS Excel spreadsheet. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Dietenberger, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM mdietenberger@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP 1215 EP 1228 DI 10.1007/s10973-012-2474-4 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 998PD UT WOS:000308252000017 ER PT J AU Dunlap, JM AF Dunlap, J. M. TI Variability in and Environmental Correlates to White Pine Blister Rust Incidence in Five California White Pine Species SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cronartium; rust; Pinus; pine; California ID KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; NATIONAL-PARK; 1ST REPORT; BALFOURIANA; PINACEAE; CANADA; RESISTANCE; MONTANA; FORESTS; USA AB Five white pine species were evaluated for their stand characteristics and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) occurrence and incidence in 123 field plots established across their ranges in California. Tree data were collected on stem diameter, crown condition and position, and rust presence/absence; plot data included slope, aspect, elevation, Ribes cover, and climate factors associated with site. Crowns of live trees were generally healthy and crown positions varied by species. Stem diameters were smallest in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.; WBP) and largest in Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey). For the two main species examined, western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.; WWP) and whitebark pine, ranked comparisons of rust incidence were significantly different between northern versus southern and western versus eastern Sierra Nevada plots, but were not significantly different between those species. In rust-confirmed WWP plots, eight significant simple regression models related environmental factors to rust incidence; elevation had the highest r(2) of 0.46. WBP had one weak significant regression with relative humidity (r2 = 0.15). In northern foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana Grev. & Balf. subsp. balfouriana), the strongest fit of data from the five plots was positive with number of wet days (r(2) = 0.97). Two-factor models gave stronger fits of climate data with rust incidence in WWP (r(2) = 0.60) and WBP (r(2) = 0.42). The results suggest that environmental correlates vary among species and trends can be found across a large diverse landscape in spite of high variability in rust incidence. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Genet Resources Program R5, Camino, CA 95709 USA. RP Dunlap, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Genet Resources Program R5, 2375 Fruitridge Rd, Camino, CA 95709 USA. EM jdunlap@fs.fed.us FU Forest Health Protection staff; National Forest Wilderness and District Rangers; USDA Forest Service; State and Private Forestry; Forest Health Protection and Forest Health Monitoring FX The author acknowledges the contributions of many people in various stages of this survey. Contributions to survey planning, field work, funding, data evaluation, and/or report review were made by the following people, in alphabetical order: T. Burt, D. Burton, R. Cousineau, D. Davis, S. Determan, C. Duriscoe, D. Duriscoe, C. Jensen, S. Kane, J. Kliejunas, F. Krist, J. Lydick, S. Lynch, P. Maloney, B. Meadows, J. Pickett, A. Schoettle, D. Smith, R. Sniezko, J. Syring, D. Vogler, A. Wickland, and B. Zellers. Support was also provided by the Forest Health Protection staff, National Forest Wilderness and District Rangers, and staff on the Lassen-Volcanic, Yosemite, and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks. M. Bokach provided species maps and consultation on logistic regressions. P. Maloney contributed a draft report and recent publication on the survey. J. Kliejunas initiated the first proposal for having this work done. Several reviewers gave their careful and valuable comments on the manuscript. The survey was funded by the USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection and Forest Health Monitoring. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 BP 248 EP 263 DI 10.3955/046.086.0402 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028UX UT WOS:000310450500002 ER PT J AU Smith, DW Tyers, DB AF Smith, Douglas W. Tyers, Daniel B. TI The History and Current Status and Distribution of Beavers in Yellowstone National Park SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beavers; Castor Canadensis; Yellowstone; willow; aspen ID NORTHERN RANGE; TROPHIC CASCADE; PREDATION RISK; WOLVES; ELK; ASPEN; WILLOW; WOLF; USA; RECRUITMENT AB Despite Yellowstone National Park's (YNP) long history and well studied large mammals and vegetation, beavers (Castor canadensis), an important ecosystem driver, have received relatively little study. We summarize population surveys of beavers that began in 1921 and continued up to the present. The first surveys (1921 and 1923) were from the ground and conducted in a limited area in the northern portion (northern range; NR) of the park. Twenty-five colonies were found and beavers were considered abundant and using aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willow (Salix spp.) as a food source and building material. A follow up survey in 1953 found 6 NR sites, but none of the earlier sites from the 1920s were active and no aspen use was reported. Some locations were reported from the park interior. A limited ground survey was conducted in 1979-80. In 1988-89 and 1994 two incomplete, mostly ground surveys were conducted and estimated 71 and 44 colonies, respectively, in YNP. In 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2009 complete, park-wide aerial surveys were conducted and active colonies ranged from 44 (1996) to 127 (2007) with an increasing trend. Therefore, in a period of about 90 years (1920s-2000s) the beaver population in the northern portion of the park appears to have declined then increased probably because of a willow recovery. C1 [Smith, Douglas W.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Tyers, Daniel B.] US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Smith, DW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. EM doug_smith@nps.gov FU Yellowstone Park Foundation; Yellowstone National Park FX We thank E. Albers, E. Almberg, and D. Guernsey for help with database management and mapping beaver colonies from both historical and current surveys. M. Metz, K. Quimby and D. Stahler assisted with aerial surveys. R. Stradley capably and safely handled all piloting duties on the aerial surveys. We also appreciate presubmission reviews from B. Baker and P.J. White. Funding and support were provided by the Yellowstone Park Foundation and Yellowstone National Park. Finally, the manuscript was improved due to the comments of two anonymous reviewers from Northwest Science. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 72 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.3955/046.086.0404 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028UX UT WOS:000310450500004 ER PT J AU Dowd, JLB Gese, EM AF Dowd, Jennifer L. B. Gese, Eric M. TI Seasonal Variation of Coyote Diet in Northwestern Wyoming: Implications for Dietary Overlap with Canada Lynx? SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Exploitative competition; resource competition; diet overlap ID SNOWSHOE HARE CYCLE; FEEDING-HABITS; WINTER; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENTS; RESPONSES; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY AB Exploitative competition through resource utilization may occur between coyotes (Canis latrans) and other carnivores. In the southern periphery of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) range, there is concern that increased snowmobile activity may enable coyotes to increase their movements into deep snow areas during the winter months, thereby potentially creating heightened resource competition with lynx, mainly for the lynx's main prey, snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). We studied the seasonal variation of coyote diets and the dietary overlap between coyotes and lynx in a 512-km(2) high-elevation study area in northwestern Wyoming. Dietary shifts by coyotes were documented during the winter, spring, summer, and fall from August 2006 through June 2008. Although lynx are known to primarily prey on snowshoe hares, lynx scats were also collected to assess their diet for comparative purposes. A total of 470 coyote scats and 24 lynx scats were collected, dried and analyzed. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) was the predominant prey item for coyotes by percent occurrence (20.1%) for all 3 years combined, followed by elk (Cervus elaphus, 12.5%), montane vole (Microtus montanus, 12.0%), and snowshoe hare (8.0%). Snowshoe hares were the dominant prey item for lynx during the winter, accounting for 85.2% of all prey occurrences. Coyote use of snowshoe hares peaked in the fall (24.1% of all occurrences). We found little dietary overlap between coyotes and lynx during the winter months when lynx mainly fed on snowshoe hares and coyotes fed mostly on ungulates. C1 [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gese, EM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM eric.gese@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; U.S. Forest Service, Bridger-Teton National Forest; Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation FX Funding and logistical support provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, the U.S. Forest Service, Bridger-Teton National Forest, and Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation. We thank P. Dowd, S. Dempsey, M. Greenblatt, S. Hegg, M. Holmes, M. Linnell, S. McKay and G. Worley-Hood for field assistance, and J. Bissonette, J. Squires, and J. Laundre for review of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 92 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.3955/046.086.0405 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028UX UT WOS:000310450500005 ER PT J AU Looney, C Sheehan, K Bai, B Flowers, R Kohler, G LaGasa, E McKorney, AE Smith, DR AF Looney, Chris Sheehan, Kathy Bai, Barry Flowers, Rob Kohler, Glenn LaGasa, Eric McKorney, Andrew E. Smith, David R. TI The Distribution of a Potential New Forest Pest, Monsoma pulveratum (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in the Pacific Northwest States SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALDER C1 [Looney, Chris; LaGasa, Eric] Washington State Dept Agr, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Sheehan, Kathy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Bai, Barry] Oregon Dept Agr, Plant Div, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Flowers, Rob] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Kohler, Glenn] Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Looney, C (reprint author), Washington State Dept Agr, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM clooney@agr.wa.gov FU USFS Forest Health Monitoring program FX We are grateful to Darci Carlson, Jenni Cena, Aleksander Dozic, Don Goheen, Ellen Goheen, Thor Hanson, Mark Hitchcox, Mike Johnson, Sandy Kegley, Don Kitchen, Jim Marra, Todd Murray, Lee Pederson, Karen Ripley, Lia Spiegel, Nancy Sturdevant, Beth Willhite, Richard Worth, and others for their hard work placing and retrieving traps. We thank Kaile Adney, Amelia Jordan, Don Kitchen, and Alexis Sarah for lab assistance. Brendon Boudinot, Jack Longino, Frank Merickel, Merrill Peterson, and Richard Zack provided access to regional entomological collections. This project was partially funded with a grant from the USFS Forest Health Monitoring program. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 BP 342 EP 345 DI 10.3955/046.086.0409 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028UX UT WOS:000310450500009 ER PT J AU Effland, A AF Effland, Anne TI Synergies of Past and Present: The Mutual Benefits of Policy History and Policy Analysis SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article AB Straddling past and present can be precarious, but it is not impossible to merge the knowledge gained through contemporary and historical study to advance understanding of both. Skillfully combining the methods and findings of policy history with those of policy analysis can produce a synergy with great value for both disciplines. Examples drawn from more than twenty years experience with the USDA illustrate key principles for positive cross-fertilization between study of the past and of the present. From historical analysis, these principles include disciplines of evidence-based analysis and skeptical inquiry using diverse sources, breadth of vision regarding context, and the perspective of time. From policy analysis, they include the disciplines of statistical methods, awareness of the multiple interacting components of policy formation, and the impacts on analysis and decision-making of working from the present without knowledge of what is to come. C1 [Effland, Anne] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Effland, A (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL HISTORY SOCIETY PI LITTLE ROCK PA UALR, DEPT HISTORY, 2801 S UNIVERSITY AVE, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72324-1099 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD FAL PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 BP 192 EP 205 DI 10.3098/ah.2012.86.4.192 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 020IR UT WOS:000309802700003 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Dien, BS Liu, S Saha, BC Hector, R Cotta, MA Hughes, S AF Qureshi, N. Dien, B. S. Liu, S. Saha, B. C. Hector, R. Cotta, M. A. Hughes, S. TI Genetically engineered Escherichia coli FBR5: Part I. Comparison of high cell density bioreactors for enhanced ethanol production from xylose SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE ethanol; Escherichia coli FBR5; xylose; cell recycle membrane reactor; productivity ID MEMBRANE RECYCLE BIOREACTOR; HOLLOW-FIBER BIOREACTOR; B RECOMBINANTS PLOI297; ACID WHEY PERMEATE; LACTIC-ACID; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; FERMENTATION AB Five reactor systems (free cell batch, free cell continuous, entrapped cell immobilized, adsorbed cell packed bed, and cell recycle membrane reactors) were compared for ethanol production from xylose using Escherichia coli FBR5. In the free cell batch and free cell continuous reactors (continuous stirred tank reactor-CSTR) productivities of 0.84 gL-1 h-1 and 1.77 gL-1 h-1 were achieved, respectively. A cell recycle membrane reactor resulted in the highest productivity of 55.56 gL-1 h-1, which is an increase of 66-fold (e.g., 6614%) over the batch reactor. Calcium alginate gel CSTR resulted in a productivity of 2.04 gL-1 h-1 whereas adsorbed cell packed bed reactor resulted in a productivity of 4.39 gL-1 h-1. In the five reactor systems, ethanol concentrations ranged from 18.9 to 40.30 gL-1 with metabolic yields from 0.44 to 0.51. Published 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012 C1 [Qureshi, N.; Dien, B. S.; Saha, B. C.; Hector, R.; Cotta, M. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1178 DI 10.1002/btpr.1585 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 019DV UT WOS:000309718200006 PM 22736598 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Dien, BS Liu, S Saha, BC Cotta, MA Hughes, S Hector, R AF Qureshi, N. Dien, B. S. Liu, S. Saha, B. C. Cotta, M. A. Hughes, S. Hector, R. TI Genetically engineered Escherichia coli FBR5: Part II. Ethanol production from xylose and simultaneous product recovery SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE ethanol; Escherichia coli FBR5; simultaneous product recovery; gas stripping; yield; productivity ID ACETONE-BUTANOL ETHANOL; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION; SOLVENT PRODUCTION; WHEY PERMEATE; INHIBITION; SUBSTRATE; REMOVAL; BIOMASS; FUEL AB In these studies, concentrated xylose solution was fermented to ethanol using Escherichia coli FBR5 which can ferment both lignocellulosic sugars (hexoses and pentoses). E. coli FBR5 can produce 4050 g L-1 ethanol from 100 g L-1 xylose in batch reactors. Increasing sugar concentration beyond this level results in the loss of sugar with the reactor effluent thus affecting the process yield adversely. In a nonintegrated system without simultaneous product removal more than 120 g L-1 xylose was left unused of the 220 g L-1 that was fed into the reactor. In contrast to this, application of simultaneous product removal by gas stripping was able to relieve product inhibition and the culture was able to use 216.6 g L-1 xylose thus producing 140 g L-1 (based on reactor volume) ethanol resulting in a product yield of 0.48. The product stream achieved an ethanol concentration up to 148.41 g L-1. This process has potential for greatly improving the performance of E. coli FBR5 where the strain can ferment all the lignocellulosic sugars to ethanol and gas stripping can be applied to recover product. Published 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012 C1 [Qureshi, N.; Dien, B. S.; Saha, B. C.; Cotta, M. A.; Hector, R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1185 DI 10.1002/btpr.1584 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 019DV UT WOS:000309718200007 PM 22736594 ER PT J AU D'Odorico, P Okin, GS Bestelmeyer, BT AF D'Odorico, Paolo Okin, Gregory S. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. TI A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment in arid grasslands SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE shrub encroachment; fire ecology; climate change; soil erosion; spatial dynamics ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; INDUCED XYLEM CAVITATION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; VEGETATION CHANGE; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; TRANSITION MODELS; GRAZING SYSTEMS; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; HERBACEOUS BIOMASS; LARREA-TRIDENTATA AB Many arid grasslands around the world are affected by woody plant encroachment and by the replacement of a relatively continuous grass cover with shrub patches bordered by bare soil. This shift in plant community composition is often abrupt in space and time, suggesting that it is likely sustained by positive feedbacks between vegetation and environmental conditions (e.g. resource availability) or disturbance regime (e.g. fire or freeze). These feedbacks amplify the effects of drivers of shrub encroachment, i.e. of conditions favouring a shift from grass to shrub dominance (e.g. overgrazing, climate change). Here, we review some major drivers and feedbacks and identify the basic stages in the transition from grassland to shrubland. We discuss some possible scenarios of interactions between drivers and feedbacks that could explain the transition from a stage to the next and the potential irreversibility of the shift from grass to shrub dominance. We introduce a simplistic modelling framework that can integrate the various drivers to explain the emergence of bistability for shrub-encroached grassland systems. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [D'Odorico, Paolo] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [D'Odorico, Paolo] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab EFLUM, Fac ENAC, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP D'Odorico, P (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM paolo@virginia.edu RI D'Odorico, Paolo/A-5836-2008; OI Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537 FU NSF [EAR0746228, DEB0743678, EAR0720218, DEB0620482, DEB0080412] FX This paper was funded by NSF under grant numbers EAR0746228, DEB0743678, EAR0720218, DEB0620482 (Sevilleta Long-term Ecological Research) and DEB0080412 (Jornada Long-term Ecological Research). NR 103 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 23 U2 191 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 520 EP 530 DI 10.1002/eco.259 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 020UZ UT WOS:000309841400003 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Luce, CH Crimmins, MA Morgan, P AF Holden, Zachary A. Luce, Charles H. Crimmins, Michael A. Morgan, Penelope TI Wildfire extent and severity correlated with annual streamflow distribution and timing in the Pacific Northwest, USA (1984-2005) SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire severity; burn severity; streamflow; climate change; annual area burned ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; BURN SEVERITY; AMERICA; CLIMATE; TRENDS; FIRE; FORESTS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE AB Climate change effects on wildfire occurrence have been attributed primarily to increases in temperatures causing earlier snowpack ablation and longer fire seasons. Variability in precipitation is also an important control on snowpack accumulation and, therefore, on timing of meltwater inputs. We evaluate the correlation of total area burned and area burned severely to snowmelt-induced streamflow timing and total annual streamflow metrics across the Pacific Northwest region from 19842005. Principal component scores on total annual water year flow and date of 50th percentile flow (PC1T) in the Pacific Northwest were used as predictors of satellite-inferred area burned and area burned severely in forested settings. Both annual area burned and burned severely are significantly correlated with mean annual flow and streamflow timing. PC1T alone explains 24% of the variability in annual area burned. Path analysis suggests that a substantial amount of the variability in annual area burned, previously attributed solely to temperature effects on melt timing, may be primarily driven by trends in precipitation and total annual streamflow. Principal component analysis scores on mean annual streamflow explain as much as 46% of the variability in annual area burned from 19842005. Thus, although streamflow timing may be a better single correlate of annual wildfire activity, timing is, in turn, strongly dependent on precipitation. These results suggest that recent fire activity in forests of this region are influenced more by precipitation variability than temperature-induced shifts in snowmelt timing, with significant implications for our ability to predict wildfire activity in the future. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Holden, Zachary A.] US Forest Serv No Reg, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Crimmins, Michael A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Morgan, Penelope] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Wildland Fire Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), US Forest Serv No Reg, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM zaholden@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (RJVA) [10012001]; University of Idaho FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (RJVA# 10012001), and by the University of Idaho. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 677 EP 684 DI 10.1002/eco.257 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 020UZ UT WOS:000309841400017 ER PT J AU Borchardt, MA Spencer, SK Kieke, BA Lambertini, E Loge, FJ AF Borchardt, Mark A. Spencer, Susan K. Kieke, Burney A., Jr. Lambertini, Elisabetta Loge, Frank J. TI Viruses in Nondisinfected Drinking Water from Municipal Wells and Community Incidence of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acute gastrointestinal illness; drinking water; groundwater; public health; public water system; quantitative microbial risk assessment; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; viruses ID HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER; GASTROENTERITIS; DISEASE AB BACKGROUND: Groundwater supplies for drinking water are frequently contaminated with low levels of human enteric virus genomes, yet evidence for waterborne disease transmission is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We related quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-measured enteric viruses in the tap water of 14 Wisconsin communities supplied by nondisinfected groundwater to acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) incidence. METHODS: AGI incidence was estimated from health diaries completed weekly by households within each study community during four 12-week periods. Water samples were collected monthly from five to eight households per community. Viruses were measured by qPCR, and infectivity assessed by cell culture. AGI incidence was related to virus measures using Poisson regression with random effects. RESULTS: Communities and time periods with the highest virus measures had correspondingly high AGI incidence. This association was particularly strong for norovirus genogroup I (NoV-GI) and between adult AGI and enteroviruses when echovirus serotypes predominated. At mean concentrations of 1 and 0.8 genomic copies/L of NoV-GI and enteroviruses, respectively, the AGI incidence rate ratios (i.e., relative risk) increased by 30%. Adenoviruses were common, but tap-water concentrations were low and not positively associated with AGI. The estimated fraction of AGI attributable to tap-water borne viruses was between 6% and 22%, depending on the virus exposure AGI incidence model selected, and could have been as high as 63% among children < 5 years of age during the period when NoV-GI was abundant in drinking water. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of groundwater-source public water systems in the United States produce water without disinfection, and our findings suggest that populations served by such systems may be exposed to waterborne viruses and consequent health risks. C1 [Borchardt, Mark A.; Spencer, Susan K.; Kieke, Burney A., Jr.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. [Lambertini, Elisabetta; Loge, Frank J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2615 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM mark.borchardt@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. EPA STAR [R831630] FX This study is part of the Wisconsin Water And Health Trial for Enteric Risks (WAHTER) study, funded by U.S. EPA STAR Grant R831630. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 46 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1272 EP 1279 DI 10.1289/ehp.1104499 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 005YV UT WOS:000308786900024 PM 22659405 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bottner-Parker, KD Zhao, Y Bertaccini, A Davis, RE AF Lee, I. -M. Bottner-Parker, K. D. Zhao, Y. Bertaccini, A. Davis, R. E. TI Differentiation and classification of phytoplasmas in the pigeon pea witches'-broom group (16SrIX): an update based on multiple gene sequence analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CANDIDATUS-PHYTOPLASMA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; FINER DIFFERENTIATION; DNA; RELATEDNESS; DELINEATION; STRAINS; DISEASE AB The pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (16SrIX) comprises diverse strains that cause numerous diseases in leguminous trees and herbaceous crops, vegetables, a fruit, a nut tree and a forest tree. At least 14 strains have been reported worldwide. Comparative phylogenetic analyses of the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene and the moderately conserved rpIV (rpI22)-rpsC (rps3) and secY genes indicated that the 16SrIX group consists of at least six distinct genetic lineages. Some of these lineages cannot be readily differentiated based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. The relative genetic distances among these closely related lineages were better assessed by including more variable genes [e.g. ribosomal protein (rp) and secY genes]. The present study demonstrated that virtual RFLP analyses using rp and secY gene sequences allowed unambiguous identification of such lineages. A coding system is proposed to designate each distinct rp and secY subgroup in the 16SrIX group. C1 [Lee, I. -M.; Bottner-Parker, K. D.; Zhao, Y.; Davis, R. E.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bertaccini, A.] Univ Bologna, DiSTA, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ingming.lee@ars.usda.gov OI Bertaccini, Assunta/0000-0002-5650-1512 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 62 BP 2279 EP 2285 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.038273-0 PN 9 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 023QD UT WOS:000310048600038 PM 22307512 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Candida kuoi sp nov., an anamorphic species of the Starmerella yeast clade that synthesizes sophorolipids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TORULOPSIS-BOMBICOLA; BIOSURFACTANTS; D1/D2; RDNA AB A novel strain of anamorphic yeast, designated strain NRRL Y-27208(T), was isolated from concentrated grape juice in Cape Province, South Africa. Analysis of nuclear large subunit rRNA gene sequences from the D1/D2 domains separated the novel isolate from strains of Starmerella bombicola and Starmerella meliponinorum, as well as from species of the genus Candida that are members of the Starmerella clade. Compared to previously described species, strain NRRL Y-2720nov is most closely related to S. bombicola but can be separated from this species by its ability to grow on D-ribose and erythritol. Strain NRRL Y-27208(T) produced sophorolipids that have an open chain structure similar to Candida batistae, Candida riodocensis and Candida stellata, which is in contrast to the closed chain sophorolipids produced by S. bombicola and Candida apicola. The analyses showed that NRRL Y-27208(T) (=CBS 7267(T)) represents a novel species distinct from previously described species, for which the name Candida kuoi sp. nov. is proposed. C1 ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 62 BP 2307 EP 2311 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.039479-0 PN 9 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 023QD UT WOS:000310048600042 PM 22268073 ER PT J AU Hunt, SL Temple, DM Abt, SR Kadavy, KC Hanson, G AF Hunt, Sherry L. Temple, Darrel M. Abt, Steven R. Kadavy, Kem C. Hanson, Greg TI Converging Stepped Spillways: Simplified Momentum Analysis Approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Roller-compacted concrete; Stepped spillways; Convergence; Dam design; Dam safety; Spillways; Rehabilitation; Control volume; Momentum analysis ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION; INCEPTION POINT; SKIMMING FLOWS; CHUTE AB Roller compacted concrete (RCC) stepped spillways are growing in popularity for providing overtopping protection for aging watershed dams with inadequate auxiliary spillway capacity and for the construction of new dams. Site conditions, such as limited right-of-way, topography, and geological formations, often dictate that these spillways converge. Convergence increases the flow depth near the training walls and alters the stilling basin design requirements as compared with traditional straight spillways. A simplified control volume momentum analysis is presented for predicting the minimum vertical training wall height necessary to prevent wall overtopping in converging stepped spillways. An expression is developed to predict vertical training wall height as a function of centerline flow depth, centerline velocity, chute slope, and convergence angle. A three-dimensional 3(H):1(V) sloping stepped spillway model with an ogee crest and convergence ranging from 0-70 degrees was constructed to verify this relationship. The evaluation showed approximately 2% error for all combined convergences. Because the relationship is based on momentum principles, it provides design engineers with a method for determining minimum training wall height requirements under nonair entrained flow conditions for a range of design conditions (e. g., chute slopes, convergences, and step heights). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000584. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Hunt, Sherry L.; Temple, Darrel M.; Kadavy, Kem C.; Hanson, Greg] ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Abt, Steven R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Coll Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hunt, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM sherry.hunt@ars.usda.gov; darrel.temple@ars.usda.gov; sabt@engr.colostate.edu; kem.kadavy@ars.usda.gov; greg.hanson@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2012 VL 138 IS 9 BP 796 EP 802 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000584 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 024ZJ UT WOS:000310150600004 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA Chen, CY Cottrell, BJ Irwin, PL Phillips, JG AF Uhlich, Gaylen A. Chen, Chin-Yi Cottrell, Bryan J. Irwin, Peter L. Phillips, John G. TI Peroxide resistance in Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 biofilms is regulated by both RpoS-dependent and -independent mechanisms SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; STATIONARY-PHASE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; CSGD PROMOTER; WEAK ACIDS; O157H7; OXYR; KATE; EXPRESSION AB In many Eschefichia colt serotype 0157 : H7 strains, defences against peroxide damage include the peroxiredoxin AhpCF and three catalases: KatG (catalase/peroxidase), KatE (catalase) and the plasmid-encoded KatP (catalase/peroxidase). AhpC and KatG basal expression is maintained by RpoS, and AhpC, KatG and KatP are all induced by OxyR/sigma(70) in exponential phase. KatE is regulated by RpoS during stationary growth and is independent of OxyR. In a previous study we used mutant strains of ATCC 43895 (EDL933) with deletions of katG, ahpC, katE and katP in all possible combinations to characterize peroxide resistance during both exponential and 18-24 h growth in Luria-Bertani broth at 37 degrees C. In this study, we used triple deletion strains that isolated each catalase/peroxidase gene to investigate their role in the peroxide resistance of biofilm-forming variant 43895OR in 48 and 72 h biofilms. We also used quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and translational lacZ fusions to study gene expression. Peroxide resistance was greater (P<0.05) in biofilm cells than in planktonic cells, and full resistance required rpoS but not oxyR. In 72 h biofilms, katG and katE were the major protective genes. katG, ahpC and katE peroxide protection had both rpoS-dependent and rpoS-independent components, but katP protection was independent of rpoS. H2O2 challenge induced (P<0.05) katG, ahpC and katP expression in biofilm cells, suggesting that peroxide induction of the OxyR-dependent resistance genes may contribute to the RpoS-independent protection in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli biofilms. C1 [Uhlich, Gaylen A.; Chen, Chin-Yi; Cottrell, Bryan J.; Irwin, Peter L.; Phillips, John G.] ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), ARS, Mol Characterizat Foodborne Pathogens Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM gaylen.uhlich@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2012 VL 158 BP 2225 EP 2234 DI 10.1099/mic.0.059535-0 PN 9 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 020YP UT WOS:000309852800001 PM 22700652 ER PT J AU Zou, HS Song, X Zou, LF Yuan, L Li, YR Guo, W Che, YZ Zhao, WX Duan, YP Chen, GY AF Zou, Hua-Song Song, Xue Zou, Li-Fang Yuan, Liang Li, Yu-Rong Guo, Wei Che, Yi-Zhou Zhao, Wen-Xiang Duan, Yong-Ping Chen, Gong-You TI EcpA, an extracellular protease, is a specific virulence factor required by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola but not by X-oryzae pv. oryzae in rice SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CELL WALLS; II SECRETION; GENOME SEQUENCE; TISSUE-SPECIFICITY; CAMPESTRIS; PATHOGEN; GENE; EFFECTOR; XYLANASE; PATHWAY AB Previously, 12 protease-deficient mutants of the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) RS105 strain were recovered from a Tn5-tagged mutant library. In the current study, the Tn5 insertion site in each mutant was mapped. Mutations in genes encoding components of the type II secretion apparatus, cAMP regulatory protein, integral membrane protease subunit, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme and extracellular protease (ecpA(Xoc)) either partially or completely abolished extracellular protease activity (ECPA) and reduced virulence in rice. Transcription of ecpA(Xoc) was induced in planta in all the mutants except R Delta ecpA. Complementation of R Delta ecpA with ecpA(Xoc) in trans restored ECPA, virulence and bacterial growth in planta. Purified EcpA(Xoc) induced chlorosis- and necrosis-like symptoms similar to those induced by the pathogen when injected into rice leaves. Heterologous expression of ecpA(Xoc) conferred ECPA upon the vascular bacterium X oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and upon non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the C-terminal residues of EcpA in Xoo PXO99(A) and Xoc RS105 are different, and a frame shift in ecpA(Xoo) may explain the absence of EcpA activity in Xoo. Collectively, these results suggest that EcpA(Xoc) is a tissue-specific virulence factor for Xoc but not Xoo, although the two pathovars are closely related bacterial pathogens of rice. C1 [Zou, Hua-Song; Song, Xue; Zou, Li-Fang; Li, Yu-Rong; Chen, Gong-You] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Liang; Guo, Wei; Che, Yi-Zhou; Zhao, Wen-Xiang; Chen, Gong-You] Nanjing Agr Univ, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Plant Dis & Insec, Minist Agr China, Dept Plant Pathol, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Duan, Yong-Ping] ARS, Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov; gyouchen@sjtu.edu.cn FU State Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2012CB114003]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171832, 31171811] FX We are grateful to Dr Carol Bender, Oklahoma State University, for editing the manuscript. This work was supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Project of China (2012CB114003) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171832, 31171811). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2012 VL 158 BP 2372 EP 2383 DI 10.1099/mic.0.059964-0 PN 9 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 020YP UT WOS:000309852800015 PM 22700650 ER PT J AU Weber, F Garen, D Gobena, A AF Weber, Frank Garen, David Gobena, Adam TI Invited Commentary: Themes and Issues from the Workshop "Operational River Flow and Water Supply Forecasting" SO CANADIAN WATER RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB River flow and water supply forecasting are important applications of hydrologic sciences. Water management decisions and the issuance of flood warnings depend greatly upon real-time predictions of hydrologic events to come. A group of over 70 hydrologic practitioners and researchers gathered for a workshop devoted to operational hydrologic forecasting, which was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, on 6-7 October 2011. The goal of the workshop was to share ideas about the applicability of new operational forecasting techniques. Presentations were given on topics such as ensemble forecasting, verification of deterministic and probabilistic forecasts, and quality control of environmental data. This commentary summarizes these presentations and provides highlights from the group and open forum discussions. C1 [Weber, Frank; Gobena, Adam] BC Hydro & Power Author, Burnaby, BC V3N 4X8, Canada. [Garen, David] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Weber, F (reprint author), BC Hydro & Power Author, Burnaby, BC V3N 4X8, Canada. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOC-CWRA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, STE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0701-1784 J9 CAN WATER RESOUR J JI Can. Water Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.4296/cwrj2012-953 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 017ZU UT WOS:000309630500001 ER PT J AU Dossey, AT Whitaker, JM Dancel, MCA Vander Meer, RK Bernier, UR Gottardo, M Roush, WR AF Dossey, Aaron T. Whitaker, John M. Dancel, Maria Cristina A. Vander Meer, Robert K. Bernier, Ulrich R. Gottardo, Marco Roush, William R. TI Defensive Spiroketals from Asceles glaber (Phasmatodea): Absolute Configuration and Effects on Ants and Mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spiroketal; Phasmatodea; Asceles glaber; Solenopsis invicta; Aedes aegypti; Defense; Phasmatodea ID CHEMICAL DEFENSE; STICK INSECT; ANISOMORPHA-BUPRESTOIDES; SIPYLOIDEA-SIPYLUS; PHASMID INSECT; SPIROACETALS; SECRETION; SPRAY; BIOSYNTHESIS; WALKINGSTICK AB Insects are the largest and most diverse group of organisms on earth, with over 1,000,000 species identified to date. Stick insects ("walkingsticks" or "phasmids", Order Phasmatodea) are known for and name-derived from their camouflage that acts as a primary line of defense from predation. However, many species also possess a potent chemical defense spray. Recently we discovered that the spray of Asceles glaber contains spiroketals [a confirmed major component: (2S,6R)-(-)(E)-2-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, and a tentatively identified minor component: 2-ethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane] and glucose. In this paper, we: 1) illustrate the identification of spiroketals and glucose in the defense spray of A. glaber by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), and comparison with a synthetic reference sample; 2) provide the elucidation of the absolute configuration of the major spiroketal in that defense spray; and 3) demonstrate the effect of this compound and its enantiomer on both fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). C1 [Dossey, Aaron T.] All Things Bugs, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. [Whitaker, John M.; Roush, William R.] Scripps Florida, Dept Chem, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Dancel, Maria Cristina A.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Mass Spectrometry Facil, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vander Meer, Robert K.] ARS, Imported Fire Ant & Household Insects IFAHI Res U, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Bernier, Ulrich R.] ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Gottardo, Marco] Univ Siena, Dept Evolutionary Biol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Dossey, AT (reprint author), All Things Bugs, 3751 SW 20th AVE,APT 1, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. EM Aaron.T.Dossey@allthingsbugs.com FU NSF; NIH [GM026782] FX We thank James R. Rocca at the Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy, University of Florida, for technical assistance on NMR experiments. We also thank David Milne and Michele Hosack for conducting fire ant bioassays. A. T. D. thanks Dr. Spencer S. Walse (USDA-ARS) for lending the enantiomer selective GC column. NMR data were collected in the AMRIS facility in the McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida. Funding was provided by the NSF-supported National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (University of Florida) and NIH Grant GM026782 (WRR, Scripps Florida). NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1105 EP 1115 DI 10.1007/s10886-012-0183-x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021GL UT WOS:000309873200005 PM 22976590 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lago, EG Gennari, SM Su, C Jones, JL AF Dubey, J. P. Lago, E. G. Gennari, S. M. Su, C. Jones, J. L. TI Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; Brazil; toxoplasmosis; humans; animals; clinical; congenital ID SAO-PAULO-STATE; ANTI-NEOSPORA-CANINUM; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; OUTER RETINAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD SAMPLES; NATIONWIDE SERUM SURVEY AB Infections by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are widely prevalent in humans and animals in Brazil. The burden of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans is considered to be very high. The high prevalence and encouragement of the Brazilian Government provides a unique opportunity for international groups to study the epidemiology and control of toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Many early papers on toxoplasmosis in Brazil were published in Portuguese and often not available to scientists in English-speaking countries. In the present paper we review prevalence, clinical spectrum, molecular epidemiology, and control of T. gondii in humans and animals in Brazil. This knowledge should be useful to biologists, public health workers, veterinarians, and physicians. Brazil has a very high rate of T. gondii infection in humans. Up to 50% of elementary school children and 50-80% of women of child-bearing age have antibodies to T. gondii. The risks for uninfected women to acquire toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and fetal transmission are high because the environment is highly contaminated with oocysts. The burden of toxoplasmosis in congenitally infected children is also very high. From limited data on screening of infants for T. gondii IgM at birth, 5-23 children are born infected per 10 000 live births in Brazil. Based on an estimate of 1 infected child per 1000 births, 2649 children with congenital toxoplasmosis are likely to be born annually in Brazil. Most of these infected children are likely to develop symptoms or signs of clinical toxoplasmosis. Among the congenitally infected children whose clinical data are described in this review, several died soon after birth, 35% had neurological disease including hydrocephalus, microcephaly and mental retardation, 80% had ocular lesions, and in one report 40% of children had hearing loss. The severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in Brazilian children may be associated with the genetic characteristics of T. gondii isolates prevailing in animals and humans in Brazil. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, APDL,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lago, E. G.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Neonatol, BR-90610000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Gennari, S. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jones, J. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, APDL,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 487 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 50 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 139 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1424 DI 10.1017/S0031182012000765 PG 50 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 019KZ UT WOS:000309739800001 PM 22776427 ER PT J AU Bobokalonov, DT Mukhidinov, ZK Rakhimov, IF Khodzhaeva, FM Kasymova, GF Liu, LS AF Bobokalonov, D. T. Mukhidinov, Z. K. Rakhimov, I. F. Khodzhaeva, F. M. Kasymova, G. F. Liu, L. S. TI Piroxicam ex vivo release kinetics from zein/pectin delivery systems SO PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pectin; zein; hydrogel; drug delivery system; ex vivo; piroxicam AB Piroxicam ex vivo release kinetics from zein/pectin drug delivery systems were studied using rat cecum. The piroxicam release kinetic parameters were calculated using a first-order equation and the Peppas equation. The results indicated that diffusion of the therapeutic agent was the rate-limiting step in piroxicam release from the hydrogel microspheres. The created therapeutic drug forms based on biodegradable polymers were an alternative to the peroral administration of most drugs with limited bioavailability. C1 [Bobokalonov, D. T.; Mukhidinov, Z. K.; Rakhimov, I. F.; Khodzhaeva, F. M.; Kasymova, G. F.] Tajik Acad Sci, Nikitin Inst Chem, Dushanbe 834063, Tajikistan. [Liu, L. S.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bobokalonov, DT (reprint author), Tajik Acad Sci, Nikitin Inst Chem, Dushanbe 834063, Tajikistan. FU ISTC [T-1419]; USDA FX The work was carried out under the auspices of ISTC Project T-1419 and was financed by the USDA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-150X EI 1573-9031 J9 PHARM CHEM J+ JI Pharm. Chem. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP 378 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s11094-012-0803-3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 021DO UT WOS:000309865700013 ER PT J AU Gable, JT Crowder, DW Northfield, TD Steffan, SA Snyder, WE AF Gable, Jacob T. Crowder, David W. Northfield, Tobin D. Steffan, Shawn A. Snyder, William E. TI Niche engineering reveals complementary resource use SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity effects; Brassica oleracea; cabbage aphid predators; complementary niches; complementarity; field and greenhouse experiments; habitat complexity; identity effect; niche overlap; niche partitioning; Plutella xyostella; Washington state, USA ID STRENGTHENS HERBIVORE SUPPRESSION; SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT DIVERSITY; SANTA-ROSALIA; BIODIVERSITY; INCREASES; COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY AB Greater resource use by diverse communities might result from species occupying complementary niches. Demonstrating niche complementarity among species is challenging, however, due to the difficulty in relating differences between species in particular traits to their use of complementary resources. Here, we overcame this obstacle by exploiting plastic foraging behavior in a community of predatory insects common on Brassica oleracea plants in Washington, USA. These predators complemented one another by partitioning foraging space, with some species foraging primarily along leaf edges and others at leaf centers. We hypothesized that emergent biodiversity effects would occur when predators partitioned foraging space on leaves, but not when spatial complementarity was dampened. Indeed, on intact leaves, edge-and center-foraging predators combined to kill more prey than any single predator species could by itself. These emergent diversity effects, however, disappeared on plants damaged by the caterpillar Plutella xylostella. Caterpillar chew-holes brought edge habitats to the center of leaves, so that all predator species could attack aphids anywhere on plants. With spatial niche differences diminished, there were no benefits of predator diversity; the most voracious single predator species killed the most aphids. Thus, caterpillar herbivory determined whether multi-predator-species effects reflected complementarity or species' individual impacts. Our study provides direct evidence for a causative relationship between niche differentiation and increased resource consumption by diverse communities, as revealed by ecological engineers that homogenize the foraging environment. C1 [Gable, Jacob T.; Crowder, David W.; Snyder, William E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Northfield, Tobin D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Steffan, Shawn A.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Crowder, DW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dcrowder@wsu.edu RI Northfield, Tobin/I-2323-2013 OI Northfield, Tobin/0000-0002-0563-485X FU USDA-NIFA [2004-01215, 2007-02244] FX We thank Tadashi Takizawa and Elizabeth Aultman for aiding with the open-field surveys. This project was supported by USDA-NIFA grants number 2004-01215 and number 2007-02244. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1994 EP 2000 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 016KO UT WOS:000309517200002 PM 23094370 ER PT J AU Landis, AMG Mosley, TL Haag, WR Stoeckel, JA AF Landis, Andrew M. Gascho Mosley, Tyler L. Haag, Wendell R. Stoeckel, James A. TI Effects of temperature and photoperiod on lure display and glochidial release in a freshwater mussel SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE life-history strategies; parasites; conglutinates; Unionidae; Ligumia subrostrata; host infection; thermal regime ID HOST FISHES; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; RIVER; RECRUITMENT; STRATEGIES; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY AB Freshwater mussels use an array of strategies to transfer their parasitic larvae (glochidia) to fish hosts. We examined the effects of temperature, photoperiod, and female gravidity on mantle lure display and conglutinate release by Ligumia subrostrata (Say, 1831) in 2 laboratory experiments. In the 1st experiment, we examined the use of these strategies in 4 temperature treatments (5, 15, 25, 35 degrees C) and 3 photoperiods (10:14, 12:12, and 14:10 h light: dark). In the 2nd experiment, we observed infection strategies under ambient conditions with flow-through pond water. Water temperature appeared to be the primary cue governing use of these strategies. Lure display occurred over a protracted period, but the highest display frequency occurred between similar to 11 and 20 degrees C. Lure display declined rapidly above this range and ceased altogether >28 degrees C. Release of conglutinates increased coincident with the decrease in lure display but, at ambient temperatures, occurred over a protracted period similar in duration to lure display. Females that were not gravid at the beginning of the experiment did not display lures, and gravid females whose gills were flushed of glochidia displayed for only a short period during which frequency of display was much lower than gravid individuals. Ligumia subrostrata exhibits a temperature-mediated switch between alternate host strategies. We present evidence that lure display is a primary strategy for host infection and conglutinate release is a secondary, bet-hedging strategy to reduce wastage of glochidia that ultimately must be cleared from the gills at the end of the reproductive season. C1 [Landis, Andrew M. Gascho; Mosley, Tyler L.; Stoeckel, James A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Haag, Wendell R.] USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Landis, AMG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM andrewmgl@gmail.com; moseltl@auburn.edu; whaag@fs.fed.us; jimstoeckel@auburn.edu FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Center for Bottomland Hardwood Research FX We are grateful to Daniel Foree, Brad Stanton, and Shelley Nichols for helping with mussel observations. Alan Wilson and Allen Davis provided helpful comments on early drafts of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Center for Bottomland Hardwood Research. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 39 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 775 EP 786 DI 10.1899/11-082.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021SG UT WOS:000309905100008 ER PT J AU Schaefer, JF Clark, SR Warren, ML AF Schaefer, Jacob F. Clark, Scott R. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Diversity and stability in Mississippi stream fish assemblages SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diversity; stability; insurance hypothesis; stream fish ID GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY; DISTURBANCE FREQUENCY; ECOSYSTEM STABILITY; COMMUNITY STABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; PERSISTENCE; TIME; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Positive correlations between diversity and stability have been reported for a number of ecosystems and are thought to be caused by a stabilizing effect of differential species' responses to environmental perturbation. Empirical field studies in which investigators tested for diversity-stability relationships are lacking for some taxonomic groups and typically have not included tests of the importance of other potential correlates of diversity or assemblage structure. We sampled stream fish assemblages and associated habitat variables at 36 sites over a 10-y period. Quantitative and qualitative measures of stability were correlated with fish diversity at sites. Fish assemblage composition was correlated with a variety of habitat variables, and diversity was correlated with stream size. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to select the models that best predicted qualitative and quantitative stability. Candidate models contained variables describing diversity, stream size, time between samples, and change in habitat variables over time. Models that included diversity and time between samples were the best predictors of stability. Our results support the existence of diversity-stability relationships, and we showed that other predictors of diversity or habitat change were generally poor predictors of stability. C1 [Schaefer, Jacob F.; Clark, Scott R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Warren, Melvin L., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Schaefer, JF (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM jake.schaefer@usm.edu; scott.r.clark@eagles.usm.edu; mwarren01@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0716985]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service National Forests in Mississippi; USDA Forest Service Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research; University of Southern Mississippi Department of Biological Sciences FX We thank J. Bishop, M. Bland, C. Champagne, A. Commens-Carson, B. Kreiser, W. Matamoros, G. McWhirter, P. Mickle, B. Schmidt, and K. Sterling for assistance with field collections. We thank L. Henderson for work with data entry and database. Funding and logistical support was provided by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service National Forests in Mississippi, USDA Forest Service Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, The University of Southern Mississippi Department of Biological Sciences, and a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB 0716985). NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 882 EP 894 DI 10.1899/11-107.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021SG UT WOS:000309905100016 ER PT J AU Liu, ZZ Taylor, A Liu, YZ Wu, MX Gong, XH Shang, F AF Liu, Zhenzhen Taylor, Allen Liu, Yizhi Wu, Mingxing Gong, Xiaohua Shang, Fu TI Enhancement of Ubiquitin Conjugation Activity Reduces Intracellular Aggregation of V76D Mutant gamma D-Crystallin SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; ALPHA-A-CRYSTALLIN; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; ACTIVATING ENZYME; QUALITY-CONTROL; LIGASE CHIP; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES AB PURPOSE. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is an important protein quality control mechanism for selective degradation of abnormal proteins. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that enhancement of the UPP capacity could attenuate the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins using V76D-gamma D-crystallin as a model substrate. METHODS. Wild type (wt) and V76D mutant gamma D-crystallin were fused to red fluorescence protein (RFP) and expressed in human lens epithelial cells. The cellular distribution of the expressed proteins was compared by fluorescence microscopy. The solubility of wt- and V76D-gamma D-crystallin was determined by cellular fractionation and Western blotting. Wt-gamma D-RFP and V76D-gamma D-RFP were also cotransfected along with a ubiquitin ligase (CHIP) or a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Ubc5) into cells. Levels of wt- and V76D-gamma D-crystallin, the percentage of transfected cells with aggregates, and aggregate size were quantified and compared among different groups. RESULTS. Wt-gamma D-crystallin was evenly distributed in cells, whereas V76D-gamma D-crystallin formed intracellular aggregates. Eighty percent of wt-gamma D-crystallin was detected in the soluble fraction, whereas only 7% of V76D-gamma D-crystallin was soluble. CHIP or Ubc5 coexpression reduced the protein level of V76D-gamma D and concomitantly its aggregation in transfected cells; these effects could be attenuated by proteasome inhibitor. Mutant CHIP with defect TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) or U-box domain failed to reduce levels of V76D-gamma D-crystallin. CONCLUSIONS. Enhancing ubiquitin conjugation activity reduces accumulation and aggregation of V76D-cD-crystallin by promoting its degradation. Upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating activity could be an effective strategy to maintain lens transparency by eliminating other forms of misfolded proteins. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6655-6665) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-9744 C1 [Liu, Zhenzhen; Taylor, Allen; Wu, Mingxing; Shang, Fu] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, Zhenzhen; Liu, Yizhi; Wu, Mingxing; Shang, Fu] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhongshan Ophthalm Ctr, State Key Lab Ophthalmol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Gong, Xiaohua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gong, Xiaohua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Vis Sci Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu FU NIH [EY 011717, EY 013250, EY 021212]; USDA AFRI Award [2009-35200-05014]; USDA [1950-510000-060-01A]; Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program [10C32060277]; Key Clinical Program of the Ministry of Health [2010.439]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [81070719] FX Supported by NIH Grants EY 011717, EY 013250, and EY 021212; USDA AFRI Award 2009-35200-05014; USDA contract 1950-510000-060-01A; Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program 10C32060277; the Key Clinical Program of the Ministry of Health 2010.439; and Chinese National Natural Science Foundation 81070719. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 53 IS 10 BP 6655 EP 6665 DI 10.1167/iovs.12-9744 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 016NQ UT WOS:000309526200085 PM 22915036 ER PT J AU Fortes, MRS Snelling, WM Reverter, A Nagaraj, SH Lehnert, SA Hawken, RJ DeAtley, KL Peters, SO Silver, GA Rincon, G Medrano, JF Islas-Trejo, A Thomas, MG AF Fortes, M. R. S. Snelling, W. M. Reverter, A. Nagaraj, S. H. Lehnert, S. A. Hawken, R. J. DeAtley, K. L. Peters, S. O. Silver, G. A. Rincon, G. Medrano, J. F. Islas-Trejo, A. Thomas, M. G. TI Gene network analyses of first service conception in Brangus heifers: Use of genome and trait associations, hypothalamic-transcriptome information, and transcription factors SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; first service conception; gene network; genome wide association; heifer ID RNA SEQUENCING REVEALS; CROSSBRED BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH-HORMONE; BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; WIDE ASSOCIATION; CARCASS TRAITS; PUBERTY; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY AB Measures of heifer fertility are economically relevant traits for beef production systems and knowledge of candidate genes could be incorporated into future genomic selection strategies. Ten traits related to growth and fertility were measured in 890 Brangus heifers (3/8 Brahman x 5/8 Angus, from 67 sires). These traits were: BW and hip height adjusted to 205 and 365 d of age, postweaning ADG, yearling assessment of carcass traits (i.e., back fat thickness, intramuscular fat, and LM area), as well as heifer pregnancy and first service conception (FSC). These fertility traits were collected from controlled breeding seasons initiated with estrous synchronization and AI targeting heifers to calve by 24 mo of age. The BovineSNP50 BeadChip was used to ascertain 53,692 SNP genotypes for similar to 802 heifers. Associations of genotypes and phenotypes were performed and SNP effects were estimated for each trait. Minimally associated SNP (P < 0.05) and their effects across the 10 traits formed the basis for an association weight matrix and its derived gene network related to FSC (57.3% success and heritability = 0.06 +/- 0.05). These analyses yielded 1,555 important SNP, which inferred genes linked by 113,873 correlations within a network. Specifically, 1,386 SNP were nodes and the 5,132 strongest correlations (|r| >= 0.90) were edges. The network was filtered with genes queried from a transcriptome resource created from deep sequencing of RNA (i.e., RNA-Seq) from the hypothalamus of a prepubertal and a postpubertal Brangus heifer. The remaining hypothalamic-influenced network contained 978 genes connected by 2,560 edges or predicted gene interactions. This hypothalamic gene network was enriched with genes involved in axon guidance, which is a pathway known to influence pulsatile release of LHRH. There were 5 transcription factors with 21 or more connections: ZMAT3, STAT6, RFX4, PLAGL1, and NR6A1 for FSC. The SNP that identified these genes were intragenic and were on chromosomes 1, 5, 9, and 11. Chromosome 5 harbored both STAT6 and RFX4. The large number of interactions and genes observed with network analyses of multiple sources of genomic data (i.e., GWAS and RNA-Seq) support the concept of FSC being a polygenic trait. C1 [DeAtley, K. L.; Peters, S. O.; Silver, G. A.; Thomas, M. G.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Fortes, M. R. S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4343, Australia. [Fortes, M. R. S.; Reverter, A.; Nagaraj, S. H.; Lehnert, S. A.] CSIRO, Livestock Ind, Queensland Biosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia. [Snelling, W. M.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Thomas, M. G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thomas, MG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM milt.thomas@colostate.edu RI Fortes, Marina/G-2302-2012; Lehnert, Sigrid/A-3676-2013; Reverter, Antonio/C-9699-2013 OI Fortes, Marina/0000-0002-7254-1960; FU USDA-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2008-35205-18751]; McMaster Fellowship of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization-Australia; Gerald Thomas Chair endowment of New Mexico State University; New Mexico Agric. Exp. Sta. Project [216391]; J. E. Rouse Chair endowment of Colorado State University; University of Queensland Research Scholarship FX Financial support provided by USDA-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (Grant no. 2008-35205-18751), McMaster Fellowship of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization-Australia, Gerald Thomas Chair endowment of New Mexico State University, New Mexico Agric. Exp. Sta. Project (Hatch #216391), J. E. Rouse Chair endowment of Colorado State University, and University of Queensland Research Scholarship. Collaborations fostered by National Beef Cattle Education Consortium (D. J. Garrick, J. M. Reecy, R. L. Fernando, R. L. Weaber, and E. J. Pollak) and Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies-Australia (H. Burrow). Authors acknowledge Camp Cooley Ranch, (Franklin, TX) for supplying DNA and phenotype, and F. D. Schilkey of National Center for Genome Resources for assistance with RNA-Seq analyses. NR 88 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2894 EP 2906 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4601 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 005HN UT WOS:000308741600004 PM 22739780 ER PT J AU Casas, E Thallman, RM Cundiff, LV AF Casas, E. Thallman, R. M. Cundiff, L. V. TI Birth and weaning traits in crossbred cattle from Hereford, Angus, Norwegian Red, Swedish Red and White, Wagyu, and Friesian sires SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breeds; germplasm; gestation length; growth; survival ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PREWEANING GROWTH; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; BEEF-CATTLE; CALVES; DYSTOCIA; BRAHMAN; WEIGHT; BREEDS; DAMS AB The objective of this study was to characterize breeds representing diverse biological types for birth and weaning traits in crossbred cattle (Bos taurus). Gestation length, calving difficulty, percentage of unassisted calving, percentage of perinatal survival, percentage of survival from birth to weaning, birth weight, weaning weight, BW at 205 d, and ADG was measured in 1,370 calves born and 1,285 calves weaned. Calves were obtained by mating Hereford, Angus, and MARC III (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Pinzgauer, and 1/4 Red Poll) mature cows to Hereford or Angus (British breeds), Norwegian Red, Swedish Red and White, Wagyu, and Friesian sires. Calves were born during the spring of 1997 and 1998. Sire breed was significant for gestation length, birth weight, BW at 205 d, and ADG (P < 0.001). Offspring from Swedish Red and White and Friesian had the shortest gestation length (282 d), whereas offspring from Wagyu sires had the longest gestation length (286 d). Progeny from British breeds were the heaviest at birth (40.5 kg) and at 205 d (237 kg), and grew faster (0.97 kg/d) than offspring from other breeds. Offspring from Wagyu sires were the lightest at birth (36.3 kg) and at 205 d (214 kg), and had the slowest growth (0.91 kg/d). Dam breed was significant for gestation length (P < 0.001), birth weight (P = 0.009), BW at 205 d, and ADG (P < 0.001). Offspring from Hereford cows had the longest gestation length (284 d), whereas offspring from Angus cows had the shortest (282 d). Offspring from MARC III cows were the heaviest at birth (39.4 kg) when compared with offspring from Hereford (38.2 kg) and Angus (38.6 kg) cows. Progeny from Angus cows were the heaviest at 205 d (235 kg) and grew faster (0.96 kg/d), whereas offspring from Hereford cows were the lightest at 205 d (219 kg) and were the slowest in growth (0.88 kg/d). Sex was significant for gestation length (P = 0.026), birth weight, BW at 205 d, and ADG (P < 0.001). Male calves had a longer gestation length (284 d) when compared with female calves (283 d). Males were heavier than females at birth and at 205 d, and grew faster. Sire breed effects can be optimized by selection and use of appropriate crossbreeding systems. C1 [Casas, E.; Thallman, R. M.; Cundiff, L. V.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Eduardo.Casas@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2916 EP 2920 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4694 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 005HN UT WOS:000308741600006 PM 22785167 ER PT J AU Leeds, TD Notter, DR Leymaster, KA Mousel, MR Lewis, GS AF Leeds, T. D. Notter, D. R. Leymaster, K. A. Mousel, M. R. Lewis, G. S. TI Evaluation of Columbia, USMARC-Composite, Suffolk, and Texel rams as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system: I. Ewe productivity and crossbred lamb survival and preweaning growth SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeds; dystocia; ewe productivity; growth; lamb survival; sheep ID MONTADALE BREEDS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; SHEEP; CARCASS; MERINO; PERFORMANCE; TRAITS; DORSET; MORTALITY; FINNSHEEP AB A 3-yr study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate Columbia, Suffolk, USMARC-Composite (Composite), and Texel breeds as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system. The objective was to estimate breed-of-ram effects on ewe fertility, prolificacy, and dystocia, and sire breed effects on lamb survival and growth until weaning at approximately 132 d of age. Data were from 22 Columbia, 22 Composite, 21 Suffolk, and 17 Texel rams with 957 exposures to 574 adult Rambouillet ewes (3- to 7-yr-old at lambing), 908 lambings, and 1,834 lambs. Ram breed did not affect ewe fertility (mean = 94.9%; P = 0.73), total number born per ewe lambing (mean = 2.02 lambs; P = 0.20), number born alive per ewe lambing (mean = 1.90 lambs; P = 0.24), or number weaned per ewe lambing (mean = 1.45 lambs, P = 0.94). Dystocia rates were different (P = 0.01) for ewes mated to Columbia (12.2%), Composite (13.5%), Suffolk (25.7%), and Texel rams (31.9%) during 1 yr of the study, but differences among ram breeds were not repeatable (P >= 0.38) during the other 2 yr. Suffolk-sired lambs were heavier (P <= 0.02) at birth (5.5 kg) and weaning (40.3 kg) than lambs sired by the other breeds, which did not differ (P >= 0.34) for birth weight (mean = 5.3 kg). Texel-sired lambs (37.4 kg) were lighter (P <= 0.02) at weaning than Columbia- (38.8 kg) and Composite-sired (38.4 kg) lambs, which did not differ (P = 0.40) for weaning weight. Sire breed effect approached significance (P = 0.06) for lamb survival to weaning; estimated survival probabilities were 0.87 (Columbia), 0.89 (Composite), 0.93 (Suffolk), and 0.86 (Texel) for lambs reared by their birth dam. Interaction between sire breeds and birth weight affected (P < 0.001) lamb survival and revealed that lightweight Columbia- and Suffolk-sired lambs had a greater risk of death than lightweight lambs sired by Composite and Texel rams, but risk of death did not increase substantially for heavyweight lambs from any of the breeds. When mated to adult Rambouillet ewes in an extensive rangeland production system, the use of Suffolk rams is warranted to improve preweaning growth of market lambs and is not predicted to affect ewe fertility, ewe prolificacy, dystocia, or lamb survival compared with the other sire breeds we tested. C1 [Leeds, T. D.; Mousel, M. R.; Lewis, G. S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Notter, D. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Leymaster, K. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM gregory.lewis@ars.usda.gov OI Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2931 EP 2940 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4640 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 005HN UT WOS:000308741600008 PM 22665646 ER PT J AU Notter, DR Leeds, TD Mousel, MR Taylor, JB Kirschten, DP Lewis, GS AF Notter, D. R. Leeds, T. D. Mousel, M. R. Taylor, J. B. Kirschten, D. P. Lewis, G. S. TI Evaluation of Columbia, USMARC-Composite, Suffolk, and Texel rams as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system: II. Postweaning growth and ultrasonic measures of composition for lambs fed a high-energy feedlot diet SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breed evaluation; carcass composition; gender; growth; sheep; ultrasound ID SHEEP; BREED; PERFORMANCE; TRAITS; MUSCULARITY; WEIGHT; LOCUS; LIVE AB Over 3 yr, postweaning growth patterns and changes in ultrasonic measurements of fat depth (FD) and LM area were assessed for 1,049 crossbred ewe and wether lambs (Ovis aries) produced by mating adult Rambouillet ewes to 1 of 22 Columbia, 22 USMARC-Composite (Composite), 21 Suffolk, or 17 Texel rams and raised to weaning under extensive Western rangeland conditions. After weaning, lambs were transitioned to a high-energy finishing diet in a feedlot, weighed weekly for 13 to 16 wk, and scanned using ultrasound at 2-wk intervals to estimate FD and LM area between the 12th and 13th ribs. Lambs sired by Suffolk rams were 5 to 12% heavier (P < 0.05) at start of test, grew 14 to 22% faster (P < 0.001), and were correspondingly 7 to 14% heavier (P < 0.001) after 90 d on test than lambs sired by rams of the other 3 breeds. At this time, lambs sired by Texel rams were 5% lighter (P < 0.01) than Columbia- or Composite-sired lambs, which did not differ (P > 0.20). Columbia-sired lambs had less FD (8.9 mm) but smaller LM areas (15.6 cm(2)) at 90 d on test (both P < 0.01) than lambs sired by rams of the other breeds (average of 9.8 mm for FD and 16.6 cm(2) for LM area), which did not differ for either measurement at this time. At 60 kg, predicted FD differed among sire breeds (P < 0.001) and were similar for Suffolk- (7.6 mm) and Columbia-sired (7.9 mm) lambs, intermediate for Composite-sired lambs (9.1 mm), and largest for Texel-sired (10.1 mm) lambs. At a BW of 60 kg, LM area differed between all pairs of sire breeds (P < 0.05), and was largest for Texel-sired lambs (16.7 cm(2)), followed by Composite-, Suffolk-, and Columbia-sired lambs (15.7, 14.8, and 14.5 cm(2), respectively). At a predicted FD of 9.1 mm (the boundary between U. S. Yield Grades 3 and 4), the predicted LM area for Suffolk-sired lambs (16.2 cm(2)) was similar (P > 0.10) to that of Texel-sired lambs (16.0 cm(2)) and superior (P < 0.01) to that of Composite- (15.7 cm(2)) and Columbia-sired lambs (15.4 cm(2)). Lambs sired by Suffolk rams were thus equal or superior to lambs sired by the other 3 breeds in growth, FD, and LM area at comparable ages, fatness at 60 kg, and LM area at a FD of 9.1 mm, but inferior in LM area to Texel- and Composite-sired lambs at comparable BW. C1 [Notter, D. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Leeds, T. D.; Mousel, M. R.; Taylor, J. B.; Kirschten, D. P.; Lewis, G. S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Notter, DR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM drnotter@vt.edu OI Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2941 EP 2952 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4641 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 005HN UT WOS:000308741600009 PM 22408090 ER PT J AU Mousel, MR Notter, DR Leeds, TD Zerby, HN Moeller, SJ Lewis, GS AF Mousel, M. R. Notter, D. R. Leeds, T. D. Zerby, H. N. Moeller, S. J. Lewis, G. S. TI Evaluation of Columbia, USMARC-Composite, Suffolk, and Texel rams as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system: III. Prefabrication carcass traits and organ weights SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeds; carcass traits; growth; organ weights; sheep ID SHEEP; LAMBS; BREED; PERFORMANCE; MUSCULARITY; CUTABILITY; GROWTH; LOCUS; LIVE AB To evaluate terminal-sire breeds, harvest BW, prefabrication carcass measurements, and organ weights were evaluated over 3 yr for 518 crossbred wether lambs (Ovis aries). Lambs were produced by single-sire matings of 22 Columbia, 22 USMARC-Composite (Composite), 21 Suffolk, and 17 Texel rams to adult Rambouillet ewes. Lambs were raised to weaning under an extensive western rangeland production system and finished in a feedlot on a high-energy finishing diet. Wethers were randomly assigned to be harvested at an average BW of 54.4, 61.2, or 68.0 kg and then transported to The Ohio State University abattoir for harvest. Wether BW was recorded before transport (off-test BW) and before harvest. Prefabrication carcass measurements and organ weights were recorded either after harvest or after an approximate 24-h chill. At comparable numbers of days on feed, Suffolk-sired lambs had heavier (P < 0.01) off-test BW, harvest BW, HCW, chilled carcass weight (CCW), and kidney weights than lambs sired by the other breeds. Suffolk-sired lambs had more (P < 0.01) kidney-pelvic fat than did Columbia-sired lambs; Composite- and Texel-sired lambs were intermediate and did not differ (P > 0.06) from the other crossbred lambs. Texel- and Suffolk-sired lambs had larger LM area and greater conformation scores than Columbia-sired lambs ( P < 0.03). Texel-sired lambs had greater (P < 0.01) body wall thickness, quality grades, and leg scores than Columbia-sired lambs. Composite- and Suffolk-sired lambs did not differ from each other or from lambs sired by any other breed for body wall thickness (P > 0.18) and were intermediate for quality grades and leg scores. Sire breed did not affect (P > 0.05) shipping shrink, dressing percentage, pelt weight, liver weight, and fat depth. Adjusting data to a comparable off-test BW or CCW modified sire breed rankings for some measurements. Texel- sired lambs were equal or superior to lambs sired by other breeds for HCW, CCW, dressing percentage, pelt weight, LM area, quality grade, and leg and conformation scores. However, Texel- sired lambs also had values for kidney-pelvic fat weight, fat depth, and body wall thickness that were equal to or greater than those of lambs sired by the other breeds, indicating increased fatness at comparable BW. Producers can use these results to select terminal-sire sheep breeds that will complement their production system and improve market lamb value. C1 [Mousel, M. R.; Leeds, T. D.; Lewis, G. S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Notter, D. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zerby, H. N.; Moeller, S. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mousel, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM michelle.mousel@ars.usda.gov RI Moeller, Steven/B-4026-2012; OI Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2953 EP 2962 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4767 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 005HN UT WOS:000308741600010 PM 22408088 ER PT J AU Hales, KE Cole, NA MacDonald, JC AF Hales, K. E. Cole, N. A. MacDonald, J. C. TI Effects of corn processing method and dietary inclusion of wet distillers grains with solubles on energy metabolism, carbon-nitrogen balance, and methane emissions of cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; distillers grains; grain processing; methane ID STEAM-FLAKED CORN; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; FINISHING BEEF-CATTLE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; FEEDING VALUE; BY-PRODUCTS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; ROUGHAGE CONCENTRATION; PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB The growing ethanol industry in the Southern Great Plains has increased the use of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) in beef cattle (Bos taurus) finishing diets. Few studies have used steam-flaked corn (Zea mays L.; SFC)-based diets to evaluate the effects of WDGS in finishing cattle diets, and a reliable estimate of the net energy value of WDGS has yet to be determined. Effects of corn processing method and WDGS on energy metabolism, C and N balance, and enteric methane (CH4) production were evaluated in a short-term study using 8 Jersey steers and respiration calorimetry chambers. A 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a Latin square design. The 4 treatment combinations consisted of: i) SFC-based diet with 0% WDGS (SFC-0); ii) SFC-based diet with 30% WDGS (SFC-30); iii) dryrolled corn (DRC)-based diet with 0% WDGS (DRC-0); and iv) DRC-based diet with 30% WDGS (DRC-30). Diets were balanced for degradable intake protein (DIP) and ether extract (EE) by the addition of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) meal and yellow grease. As a proportion of GE, grain processing method did not affect (P >= 0.12) fecal, digestible, urinary, and ME, or heat production. Steers consuming SFC-based diets produced less (P < 0.04) CH4 than steers consuming DRC-based diets. Retained energy tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for cattle consuming SFC-than DRC-based diets. Inclusion of WDGS did not affect (P >= 0.17) fecal, digestible, urinary, metabolizable, and retained energy, or heat production as a proportion of GE. Furthermore, neither inclusion of WDGS or grain processing method affected (P >= 0.17) daily CO2 production. Due in part to greater N intake, cattle consuming diets containing 30% WDGS excreted more (P = 0.01) total N and excreted a greater (P < 0.01) quantity of N in the urine. From these results, we conclude that cattle consuming SFC-based diets produce less CH4 and retain more energy than cattle fed DRC-based diets; however, dietary inclusion of WDGS at 30% seems to have little effect on CH4 production and energy metabolism when diets are balanced for DIP and EE. Cattle excrete a greater amount of C when fed DRC compared with SFC-based diets, and dietary inclusion of 30% WDGS increases urinary N excretion. Finally, we determined the NEg values for WDGS were 1.66 and 1.65 Mcal/kg in a SFC or DRC-based diet, respectively, when WDGS replaced 30% of our control (SFC-0 and DRC-0) diets. C1 [Hales, K. E.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [MacDonald, J. C.] Texas Agrilife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Hales, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Kristin.Hales@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 3174 EP 3185 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4441 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 005HN UT WOS:000308741600034 PM 22585790 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Richert, BT Marchant-Forde, JN Eicher, SD AF Williams, J. L. Richert, B. T. Marchant-Forde, J. N. Eicher, S. D. TI Behavioral changes in neonatal swine after an 8-hour rest during prolonged transportation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; lairage; pig; transport ID LAIRAGE; PIGS; LONG AB Long distance transportation of weaned piglets (Sus scrofa) is increasingly common in the United States and may result in delayed eating, drinking, or normal social behaviors. A potential solution is a midjourney rest (lairage). The objective of this study was to determine if a lairage altered behavior after a 16-h transport. Pigs that weighed approximately 18 kg each (n = 894) were housed in 16 pens with 8 pens per treatment. Lairaged pigs were transported for 8 h and given an 8-h rest with food and water, whereas control pigs were transported continuously for 16 h. The heaviest, the lightest, and 2 average-BW pigs relative to the average weight of the pen were observed by video recording for 24 h immediately before and after transport, and during d 6 and 13 after transport. Postures (lying, sitting, and standing) were recorded using 10-min-interval scan sampling, and behavioral categories included inactivity, activities (eating, drinking, alert, manipulating pen, rooting, and walking) and social interactions (aggression, belly nosing, playing, tail biting, and positive social behaviors). In both treatments, sitting occurred most before transport (P < 0.01) than at other times, but did not differ between treatments. Standing increased (time effect; P < 0.01) for both treatments immediately after transport through d 6, but returned to pre- transport values by d 13. In contrast, lying decreased (time effect; P < 0.01) after transport, but returned to above pre- transport values by d 13. Time effects were evident for activity (P < 0.01), pen manipulation (P = 0.05), rooting (P < 0.01), initiation of belly-nosing (P = 0.01), and receiving belly-nosing (P = 0.03); however, initiation of aggression did not differ for day (P = 0.19) or treatment (P = 0.56). Lairaged pigs initiated more (P = 0.05) play than continuously transported pigs, but no differences (P = 0.84) were seen in receipt of play behavior. Pigs that were to be transported for 16 h continuously walked less pre-transport, walked more post-transport (treatment x time interaction; P = 0.02), and drank less pre- transport, but drank more on all days post-transport compared with the lairage group (treatment x time interaction; P = 0.001). This study indicated that extended transport without lairage alters some swine behaviors relevant to production (water consumption) and demonstrated that a long-duration transport, regardless of the mid-journey lairage treatment, affects a number of behaviors up to 13 d after transportation. C1 [Marchant-Forde, J. N.; Eicher, S. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Williams, J. L.; Richert, B. T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, 125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Susan.Eicher@ars.usda.gov RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009; OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914; Williams, Jessica/0000-0002-9801-9580 FU National Pork Checkoff FX Partial funding of this study was provided by the National Pork Checkoff. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 3213 EP 3219 DI 10.2527/jas.2011-4597 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 005HN UT WOS:000308741600038 PM 22966080 ER PT J AU Hagen, SC Heilman, P Marsett, R Torbick, N Salas, W van Ravensway, J Qi, JG AF Hagen, Stephen C. Heilman, Philip Marsett, Robert Torbick, Nathan Salas, William van Ravensway, Jenni Qi, Jiaguo TI Mapping Total Vegetation Cover Across Western Rangelands With Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Data SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE multiresolution; rangeland management; remote sensing; SATVI; scaling ID MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; REGRESSION AB Remotely sensed observations of rangelands provide a synoptic view of vegetation condition unavailable from other means. Multiple satellite platforms in operation today (e.g. Landsat, moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer [MODIS]) offer opportunities for regional monitoring of rangelands. However, the spatial and temporal variability of rangelands pose challenges to consistent and accurate mapping of vegetation condition. For instance, soil properties can have a large impact on the reflectance registered at the satellite sensor. Additionally, senescent vegetation, which is often abundant on rangeland, is dynamic and its physical and photochemical properties can change rapidly along with moisture availability. Remote sensing has been successfully used to map local rangeland conditions. However, regional and frequently updated maps of vegetation cover in rangelands are not currently available. In this research, we compare ground measurements of total vegetation cover, including both green and senescent cover, to reflectance observed by the satellite and develop a robust method for estimating total vegetation canopy cover over diverse regions of the western United States. We test the effects of scaling from ground observations up to the Landsat 30-m scale, then to the MODIS 500-m scale, and quantify sources of noise. The soil-adjusted total vegetation index (SATVI) captures 55% of the variability in ground measured total vegetation cover from diverse sites in New Mexico, Arizona, Wyoming, and Nevada. Scaling from the Landsat to MODIS scale introduces noise and loss of spatial detail, but offers inexpensive and frequent observations and the ability to track trends in cover over large regions. C1 [Hagen, Stephen C.; Torbick, Nathan; Salas, William] Appl GeoSolut LLC, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heilman, Philip] ARS, USDA, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Marsett, Robert] Ranges LLC, Tucson, AZ 85749 USA. [van Ravensway, Jenni; Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hagen, SC (reprint author), Appl GeoSolut LLC, 87 Packers Falls Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM shagen@appliedgeosolutions.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN98G, NNX08AI24G, NNS05AA32C]; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; University of Arizona FX Research was funded in large part by Grants NNX09AN98G, NNX08AI24G, and NNS05AA32C from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding for the digitization of data was provided by USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the University of Arizona. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 65 IS 5 BP 456 EP 467 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00188.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015IJ UT WOS:000309439300003 ER PT J AU Kachergis, E Fernandez-Gimenez, ME Rocca, ME AF Kachergis, Emily Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E. Rocca, Monique E. TI Differences in Plant Species Composition as Evidence of Alternate States in the Sagebrush Steppe SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chemical shrub treatment; ecological site; multivariate statistics; northwest Colorado; rangeland management; state-and-transition model ID TRANSITION MODELS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; BIG SAGEBRUSH; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS; ECOSYSTEMS; RANGELANDS; PATTERNS; LANDSCAPES; DESERTIFICATION AB State-and-transition models (STMs), conceptual models of vegetation change based on alternate state theory, are increasingly applied as tools for land management decision-making. As STMs are created throughout the United States, it is crucial to ensure that they are supported by ecological evidence. Plant species composition reflects ecosystem processes that are difficult to measure and may be a useful indicator of alternate states. This study aims to create data-driven STMs based on plant species composition for two ecological sites (Claypan and Mountain Loam) in northwestern Colorado sagebrush steppe. We sampled 76 plots with different management and disturbance histories. Drawing on the hierarchical approach currently taken to build STMs, we hypothesized that A) differences in species composition between the two ecological sites would be related to environmental factors and B) differences in species composition within each ecological site would be related to management and disturbance history. Relationships among species composition, site history, and environmental variables were evaluated using multivariate statistics. We found that between ecological sites, species composition was related to differences in soil texture, supporting Hypothesis A and the creation of separate STMs for each site. Within ecological sites, species composition was related to site history and also to environmental variation. This finding partially supports Hypothesis B and the identification of alternate states using species composition, but also suggests that these ecological sites are not uniform physical templates upon which plant community dynamics play out. This data-driven, plant species based approach created two objective, credible STMs with states and transitions that are consistent with the sagebrush steppe literature. Our findings support the hierarchical view of landscapes currently applied in building STMs. An approach that acknowledges environmental heterogeneity within ecological sites is necessary to help define finer-resolution ecological sites and elucidate cases in which specific abiotic conditions make transitions between states more likely. C1 [Kachergis, Emily] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rocca, Monique E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kachergis, Emily] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kachergis, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM emily.kachergis@gmail.com RI Rocca, Monique/N-4528-2013 OI Rocca, Monique/0000-0002-5298-1643 FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [C0L00698]; Natural Resource Conservation Service Colorado Conservation Innovation grant [AG-8B05-A-6-33]; USDA National Research Initiative Managed Ecosystems Program [C0L0-2008-00725] FX Research was funded by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (Project Number C0L00698), a Natural Resource Conservation Service Colorado Conservation Innovation grant (AG-8B05-A-6-33), and a grant from the USDA National Research Initiative Managed Ecosystems Program (C0L0-2008-00725). NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 65 IS 5 BP 486 EP 497 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00137.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015IJ UT WOS:000309439300006 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Nafus, AM AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jonathan D. Nafus, Aleta M. TI Mowing Wyoming Big Sagebrush Communities With Degraded Herbaceous Understories: Has a Threshold Been Crossed? SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE annual grass; Artemisia tridentata; brush control; brush management; cheatgrass; invasion; restoration ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BROMUS-TECTORUM; SAGE-GROUSE; GREAT-BASIN; VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; VASCULAR PLANTS; NORTH-AMERICA; GRASS RANGE; FIRE AB Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis [Beetle 8:: A. Young] S.L. Welsh) plant communities with degraded native herbaceous understories occupy vast expanses of the western United States. Restoring the native herbaceous understory in these communities is needed to provide higher-quality wildlife habitat, decrease the risk of exotic plant invasion, and increase forage for livestock. Though mowing is commonly applied in sagebrush communities with the objective of increasing native herbaceous vegetation, vegetation response to this treatment in degraded Wyoming big sagebrush communities is largely unknown. We compared mowed and untreated control plots in five Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities with degraded herbaceous understories in eastern Oregon for 3 yr posttreatment. Native perennial herbaceous vegetation did not respond to mowing, but exotic annuals increased with mowing. Density of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), a problematic exotic annual grass, was 3.3-fold greater in the mowed than untreated control treatment in the third year posttreatment. Annual forb cover, largely consisting of exotic species, was 1.8-fold greater in the mowed treatment compared to the untreated control in the third year posttreatment. Large perennial grass cover was not influenced by mowing and remained below 2%. Mowing does not appear to promote native herbaceous vegetation in degraded Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities and may facilitate the conversion of shrublands to exotic annual grasslands. The results of this study suggest that mowing, as a stand-alone treatment, does not restore the herbaceous understory in degraded Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. We recommend that mowing not be applied in Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities with degraded understories without additional treatments to limit exotic annuals and promote perennial herbaceous vegetation. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jonathan D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Nafus, Aleta M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 44 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 65 IS 5 BP 498 EP 505 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00026.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015IJ UT WOS:000309439300007 ER PT J AU Thacker, ET Gillen, RL Gunter, SA Springer, TL AF Thacker, Eric T. Gillen, Robert L. Gunter, Stacey A. Springer, Tim L. TI Chemical Control of Sand Sagebrush: Implications for Lesser Prairie-Chicken Habitat SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia filifolia; habitat management; mixed prairie; shrub control ID POPULATIONS; VEGETATION; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENTS; SELECTION; KANSAS; PLAINS; FOODS; NESTS AB Traditional management of sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) rangelands has emphasized sagebrush control to increase forage for livestock. Since the 1950s shrub removal has been primarily achieved with herbicides. Concerns over declining lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus; LPC) populations have led to increased scrutiny over the use of herbicides to control shrubs. The objective of our research was to describe changes to LPC habitat qualities following chemical control of sand sagebrush in northwest Oklahoma. Study pastures ranged in size from 10 to 21 ha. Five pastures were sprayed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in 2003 (RECENT), five were sprayed with 2,4-D in 1984 (OLD), and four received no treatment (SAGE). We measured habitat structure (sagebrush cover, sagebrush density, visual obstruction [VO], and basal grass cover), and dietary resources (forb density, forb richness, and grasshopper density) in all pastures from 2003 to 2006. OLD and RECENT pastures had less sagebrush (cover and density) and VO than SAGE pastures. OLD pastures produced more annual forbs than either SAGE or RECENT pastures. SAGE pastures had more perennial forbs than RECENT pastures. Herbicide application reduced protective cover while providing no increase in forb abundance in RECENT pastures. Our results indicated that it may take several years to realize increases in annual forbs following application of 2,4-D. However, loss of protective cover may persist for multiple years (20+ yr), and removal of sagebrush did not increase forb richness or grasshopper abundance. Thus, 2,4-D may have limited use as a habitat management tool because it takes numerous years to reap the benefit of increased forb abundance while reducing habitat structure in the long term. C1 [Thacker, Eric T.; Gunter, Stacey A.; Springer, Tim L.] ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Gillen, Robert L.] Western Kansas Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Thacker, ET (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM eric.thacker@ars.usda.gov FU Southern Plains Range Research Station, USDA-ARS, Woodward FX Research was funded through the Southern Plains Range Research Station, USDA-ARS, Woodward, OK 73801. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 65 IS 5 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.2111/REM-D-11-00164.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015IJ UT WOS:000309439300009 ER PT J AU Taylor, A AF Taylor, Allen TI Mechanistically linking age-related diseases and dietary carbohydrate via autophagy and the ubiquitin proteolytic systems SO AUTOPHAGY LA English DT Article DE aging; carbohydrate; disease; ubiquitin; autophagy; proteolysis; diet; glycemic index; glycation; sugar; lysosome AB Epidemiological data indicate that consuming diets that deliver sugar to the blood rapidly (called high glycemic index, GI) is associated with enhanced risk for age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These debilities are associated with accumulation of toxic protein aggregates as observed in other protein precipitation or amyloid diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases and encephalopathies. Barriers to recommending lower-GI diets to promote health include the absence of established intracellular biochemical mechanisms that link high-GI diets to compromised homeostasis. The data herein corroborate the epidemiological findings and provide platforms to elucidate additional mechanistic aspects of salutary effects of consuming diets of different GIs. They are also useful for testing drugs, including autophagy enhancers, glycemia regulators, or nutraceuticals, which can be exploited to extend health. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU NIH [RO1 EY 13250, RO1 EY21212]; USDA [1950-510000-060-01A] FX Funding for this work was provided by NIH RO1 EY 13250, RO1 EY21212 and USDA contract 1950-510000-060-01A. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8627 J9 AUTOPHAGY JI Autophagy PD SEP PY 2012 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1404 EP 1406 DI 10.4161/auto.21150 PG 3 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 003TO UT WOS:000308634400018 PM 22906982 ER PT J AU Ramirez, HAR Nestor, K Tedeschi, LO Callaway, TR Dowd, SE Fernando, SC Kononoff, PJ AF Ramirez, H. A. Ramirez Nestor, K. Tedeschi, L. O. Callaway, T. R. Dowd, S. E. Fernando, S. C. Kononoff, P. J. TI The effect of brown midrib corn silage and dried distillers' grains with solubles on milk production, nitrogen utilization and microbial community structure in dairy cows SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dried distillers' grains with solubles; brown midrib corn silage; milk production ID AMPLICON PYROSEQUENCING BTEFAP; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; PURINE DERIVATIVES; PLUS SOLUBLES; FAT SYNTHESIS; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; MILLING COPRODUCTS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS AB Ramirez, H. A. R., Nestor, K., Tedeschi, L. O., Callaway, T. R., Dowd, S. E., Fernando, S. C. and Kononoff, P. J. 2012. The effect of brown midrib corn silage and dried distillers' grains with solubles on milk production, nitrogen utilization and microbial community structure in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 365-380. Thirty-six Holstein cows (24 multiparous and 12 primiparous), four multiparous were ruminally cannulated, (mean +/-SD, 111+/-35 days in milk; 664+/-76.5 kg body weight) were used in replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the effects of brown midrib (bm3) and conventional (DP) corn silages, and the inclusion of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) on milk production and N utilization. Experimental periods were 28 d in length. Treatments were DP corn silage and 0% DDGS; bm3 corn silage and 0% DDGS; DP corn silage and 30% DDGS; and bm3 corn silage and 30% DDGS. Compared with DP hybrid, total tract fiber digestibility was greater for cows consuming bm3 (32.5 vs. 38.1+/-1.79%) and DDGS (40.0 vs. 35.2+/-1.76%). Milk yield was not affected by treatment, and averaged 30.5+/-1.09 kg d I. Milk protein yield was positively affected by bm3 corn silage and the inclusion of DDGS. An interaction between hybrid and DDGS on milk fat was also observed. The nature of the interaction was such that milk fat was only affected when DDGS were included in the diet and the lowest milk fat was observed when bm3 corn silage was fed (3.46, 3.59, 2.84 and 2.51+/-0.10% DP 0% DDGS, bm3 0% DDGS, DP 30% DDGS and bm3 30% DDGS, respectively). As a proportion of the total N consumed, manure N was significantly reduced by the inclusion of bm3 corn silage and DDGS (64.1, 57.1, 52.0, 51.2% for DP 0% DDGS, bm3 0% DDGS, DP 30% DDGS and bm3 30% DDGS, respectively). The Firmicutes:Bacteriodetes ratio in the rumen decreased when cattle consumed DDGS. When cows were fed bm3 corn silage, the population of Fibrobacter sp. tended to represent a larger proportion of the total bacterial population (1.8 vs. 2.3+/-0.28% for DP and bm3, respectively) and this shift may have been driven by the fact that bm3 corn silage has less lignin, therefore the cellulose digesting bacteria may have more access to the cellulose. C1 [Ramirez, H. A. Ramirez; Fernando, S. C.; Kononoff, P. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Nestor, K.] Mycogen Seed, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Tedeschi, L. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Callaway, T. R.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, S. E.] MR DNA Mol Res LP, Shallowater, TX 79363 USA. RP Kononoff, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM pkononoff2@unl.edu RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016; OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911; Kononoff, Paul/0000-0001-6069-2174 NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 365 EP 380 DI 10.4141/CJAS2011-133 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 013MH UT WOS:000309309000012 ER PT J AU Tekippe, JA Hristov, AN Heyler, KS Zheljazkov, VD Ferreira, JFS Cantrell, CL Varga, GA AF Tekippe, J. A. Hristov, A. N. Heyler, K. S. Zheljazkov, V. D. Ferreira, J. F. S. Cantrell, C. L. Varga, G. A. TI Effects of plants and essential oils on ruminal in vitro batch culture methane production and fermentation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Essential oil; plant; rumen fermentation; methane; in vitro ID RUMEN MICROBIAL FERMENTATION; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DAIRY-COWS; EXTRACTS; NUTRITION; AMMONIA; CATTLE; YIELD; DIETS; METHANOGENESIS AB Tekippe, J. A., Hristov, A. N., Heyler, K. S., Zheljazkov, V. D., Ferreira, J. F. S.; Cantrell, C. L. and Varga, G. A. 2012. Effects of plants and essential oils on ruminal in vitro batch culture methane production and fermentation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 395-408. In this study, plants (14) and essential oils (EO; 88) from plants that are naturalized to, or can be successfully grown in North America were evaluated in a batch culture in vitro screening experiments with ruminal fluid as potential anti-methanogenic additives for ruminant diets. Essential oils were tested at four inclusion levels: 0 (blank), 10, 50, and 100 mg L-1 and plants were tested at 313, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg L-1 final incubation medium concentration. Compared with the blank, two of the EO increased acetate concentration (8 to 10%), 11 EO increased propionate concentration (9 to 23%), 10 EO increased butyrate concentration (24 to 29%), and three EO reduced methane production [20 to 30%; Anethum graveolens (dill weed oil), Lavandula latifolia, and Ocimum basilicum #7 accession]. Four EO decreased and one increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability. Three plants increased acetate concentration (8 to 12%), two increased propionate concentration (16%), and one (Origanum vulgare) decreased methane production (31%). Eight of the plants increased NDF degradability at various inclusion levels. Overall, these results indicate that some EO, or EO-producing plants could have a potential anti-methanogenic effect. Further research is needed to verify these results in vivo in long-term experiments. C1 [Tekippe, J. A.; Hristov, A. N.; Heyler, K. S.; Varga, G. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zheljazkov, V. D.] Mississippi State Univ, NMREC, Verona, MS USA. [Ferreira, J. F. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. [Cantrell, C. L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. RP Hristov, AN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anh13@psu.edu OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 59 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 92 IS 3 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.4141/CJAS2012-059 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 013MH UT WOS:000309309000014 ER PT J AU Schmer, MR Xue, Q Hendrickson, JR AF Schmer, M. R. Xue, Q. Hendrickson, J. R. TI Salinity effects on perennial, warm-season (C-4) grass germination adapted to the northern Great Plains SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salinity; germination; C-4 grasses; northern Great Plains ID SPARTINA-PECTINATA; LOGISTIC FUNCTION; SEEDLING GROWTH; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; FORAGE GRASSES; COOL-SEASON; TOLERANCE; PRAIRIE; ALFALFA; SOIL AB Schmer, M. R., Xue, Q. and Hendrickson, J. R. 2012. Salinity effects on perennial, warm-season (C-4) grass germination adapted to the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 873-881. Limited information is available on the germination of perennial C-4 grasses adapted to the northern Great Plains under saline conditions. Big bluestem (Andropogen gerardii Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seeds were evaluated under non-saline and saline conditions corresponding to electric conductivity (EC) values of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dS m(-1), respectively. Ten cultivars were evaluated to determine salinity tolerance differences among and within species. Seeds were monitored for 21 d and analyzed for final germination percentage (GP), germination rate index (GRI), corrected germination rate index (CGRI), and germination velocity (GV). Differences among species were observed for all indices tested (P <0.01). Indices showed within species variation for big bluestem, indiangrass, and switchgrass. Big bluestem had the highest germination rates under increased salinity levels while prairie cordgrass had the lowest germination rates under non-saline and saline conditions. Indiangrass showed higher seed germination than switchgrass under low EC levels (0 to 4 dS m(-1)) but declined at a higher rate when EC levels exceeded 16 dS m(-1). Results from this study suggest grassland reestablishment from seed on variable saline soils will be dependent on both the species chosen and the specific cultivar used. C1 [Schmer, M. R.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Xue, Q.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr Amarillo, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Hendrickson, J. R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Schmer, MR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Rm 137 Keim Hall,UNL E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM marty.schmer@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 40 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 92 IS 5 BP 873 EP 881 DI 10.4141/CJPS2012-001 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 013LS UT WOS:000309307500006 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, Robert O. TI Thermal Oxidation of Biodiesel by Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry: Effects of Heating Ramp Rate SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID METHYL SOYATE BIODIESEL; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; STABILITY INDEX OSI; AUTOXIDATION KINETICS; ESTERS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB Despite its many promising characteristics as an alternative diesel fuel, the oxidative stability of biodiesel during storage is a major concern to fuel producers. Extensive degradation can affect fuel quality with respect to viscosity, acid value, cetane number, and other properties. Fuel standards in the U.S. and Europe include the induction period (IP), which is designed to ensure that good quality is maintained during storage. However, IP is measured at 110 degrees C to accelerate the formation of radicals and induce the oxidation reaction. This work analyzes the kinetics of thermal oxidation of biodiesel from soybean oil (SME) by non-isothermal pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC). SME samples from four different sources were evaluated by P-DSC in static mode (zero purge gas flow) under 2000 kPa pressure. Effects of adding antioxidants to SME were also examined. Heating scans were conducted at various ramp rates (beta) to determine the onset temperature (OT) of degradation. The Ozawa-Flynn-Wall analytical method was applied to infer activation energy (E-a) and pre-exponential Z-factor to calculate rate constant (k) as a function of temperature. Comparison with literature values showed that E-a and Z from static mode P-DSC were reliable with respect to oxidation of uninhibited SME. Similar analysis of data for SME treated with antioxidants suggested the nonoxidative thermal degradation dominated during heating. Thus, static mode P-DSC may not be recommended for analyzing the kinetics of thermal oxidation of SME treated with antioxidants. For uninhibited SME, results from static mode P-DSC indicated that detection of secondary degradation products by an oxidative stability or Rancimat instrument may not be a reliable indicator of the actual IP, with respect to isothermal measurement at 50 degrees C. C1 ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP PY 2012 VL 26 IS 9 BP 6015 EP 6024 DI 10.1021/ef3010543 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 006YP UT WOS:000308856000072 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Kim, H AF Bradford, Scott A. Kim, Hyunjung TI Causes and implications of colloid and microorganism retention hysteresis SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microorganism; Colloid; Transport; Chemical heterogeneity; Surface roughness; Hysteresis ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; TRANSIENT-CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; MICROMETER-SCALE PARTICLES; BACTERIAL ADHESION; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FORCE MICROSCOPY; PATCHY SURFACES; TRANSPORT AB Experiments were designed to better understand the causes and implications of colloid and microorganism retention hysteresis with transients in solution ionic strength (IS). Saturated packed column experiments were conducted using two sizes of carboxyl modified latex (CML) microspheres (0.1 and 1.1 mu m) and microorganisms (coliphage phi X174 and E. coli D21g) under various transient solution chemistry conditions, and 360 pm Ottawa sand that was subject to different levels of cleaning, namely, a salt cleaning procedure that removed clay particles, and a salt + acid cleaning procedure that removed clay and reduced microscopic heterogeneities due to metal oxides and surface roughness. Comparison of results from the salt and salt + acid treated sand indicated that microscopic heterogeneity was a major contributor to colloid retention hysteresis. The influence of this heterogeneity increased with IS and decreasing colloid/microbe size on salt treated sand. These trends were not consistent with calculated mean interaction energies (the secondary minima), but could be explained by the size of the electrostatic zone of influence (ZOI) near microscopic heterogeneities. In particular, the depth of local minima in the interaction energy has been predicted to increase with a decrease in the ZOI when the colloid size and/or the Debye length decreased (IS increased). The adhesive interaction was therefore largely irreversible for smaller sized 0.1 mu m CML colloids, whereas it was reversible for larger 1.1 mu m CML colloids. Similarly, the larger E. coli D21g exhibited greater reversibility in retention than phi X174. However, direct comparison of CML colloids and microbes was not possible due to differences in size, shape, and surface properties. Retention and release behavior of CML colloids on salt + acid treated sand was much more consistent with mean interaction energies due to reduction in microscopic heterogeneities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Kim, Hyunjung] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Mineral Resources & Energy Engn, Jeonju 561756, Jeonbuk, South Korea. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Hyunjung/F-1505-2013 OI Kim, Hyunjung/0000-0003-2115-6891 FU USDA, ARS [NP 214] FX We would like to thank Lorena Altamirano for her help in conducting the transport experiments. This research was supported by the USDA, ARS, NP 214. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 138 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.06.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 013RO UT WOS:000309323700007 PM 22820488 ER PT J AU Cilek, JE Ikediobi, CO Hallmon, CF Johnson, R Okungbowa, O Onyeozili, EN Khalil, LM Ayuk-Takem, L Latinwo, LM Bernier, UR AF Cilek, J. E. Ikediobi, C. O. Hallmon, C. F. Johnson, R. Okungbowa, O. Onyeozili, E. N. Khalil, L. M. Ayuk-Takem, L. Latinwo, L. M. Bernier, U. R. TI EVALUATION OF SEVERAL NOVEL ALKYNOLS, ALKENOLS, AND SELECTED HOST ODOR BLENDS AS ATTRACTANTS TO FEMALE AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Kairmones; acetone; dimethyl disulfide; octenol; MMX trap ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOSQUITO ATTRACTANTS; OLFACTORY RESPONSES; TSETSE-FLIES; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; DIPTERA; AEGYPTI; OCTENOL; GLOSSINIDAE; CULICIDAE AB The compound 1-octen-3-ol is a strong attractant for some mosquito species. Based on chemical structure, this may be due to a terminal site of unsaturation or high electron density, a structural capability for hydrogen bonding, e.g., -OH, -NH2, NHR, NR2, etc., a saturated hydrocarbon chain of a certain minimum length, and a certain relative distance between the region of high electron density and the alcohol (or other hydrogen-bonding) functional group. Based on this hypothesis, 4 novel alkynol (triple-bonded) analogs were synthesized and evaluated alone or in combination with acetone and dimethyl disulfide, and with and without carbon dioxide in Mosquito Magnet-X (c) suction traps. Attraction of laboratory-reared adult Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus to these analogs and combinations was compared to 1-octen-3-ol as a standard in semi field trials. For both species none of the alkynols, with and without carbon dioxide or acetone and dimethyl disulfide, were significantly different from 1-octen-3-ol. The compounds 2-octyn-4-ol and 2-nonyn-4-ol alone and with carbon dioxide suppressed Cx. quinquefasciatus collections. An additional 6 alkenol (double-bonded) analogs were tested in mixtures with 3-n-propylphenol and 4-methylphenol in a ratio of 4:1:8, respectively. Using the same trapping methods, Cx. quinquefasciatus catches containing 3-decen-1-ol were increased nearly 3-fold when combined with carbon dioxide. Aedes albopictus collections in traps with the 3-decen-1-aphenol mixture and carbon dioxide were significantly greater than similar traps with 1-octen-3-ol. Traps baited with the phenol blends that incorporated (Z)-3-nonen-1-ol, (Z)-8-nonen-3-ol, or 1-octen-3-ol were considerably suppressed in the presence of carbon dioxide. C1 [Cilek, J. E.; Hallmon, C. F.; Johnson, R.] Florida A&M Univ, Sr Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Ikediobi, C. O.; Okungbowa, O.; Onyeozili, E. N.; Khalil, L. M.; Ayuk-Takem, L.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Latinwo, L. M.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Bernier, U. R.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Cilek, JE (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Sr Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, 4000 Frankford Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. FU US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Science Center of Excellence Grant [58-6618-52-49]; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service 1890 Institutional Teaching Research Capacity Building Grant [2005-03697] FX This work was partially supported by Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service 1890 Institutional Teaching Research Capacity Building Grant 2005-03697 and US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Science Center of Excellence Grant 58-6618-52-49. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 199 EP 205 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013HH UT WOS:000309296000007 PM 23833900 ER PT J AU Halasa, YA Shepard, DS Wittenberg, E Fonseca, DM Farajollahi, A Healy, S Gaugler, R Strickman, D Clark, GG AF Halasa, Yara A. Shepard, Donald S. Wittenberg, Eve Fonseca, Dina M. Farajollahi, Ary Healy, Sean Gaugler, Randy Strickman, Daniel Clark, Gary G. TI WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR AN AREA-WIDE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TO CONTROL THE ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO IN NEW JERSEY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Mosquitoes; control methods; willingness to pay; health economics; prevention and control; KAP (knowledge, attitude, practice); vector biology ID AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH-SERVICE; DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE; ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; HEALTH-CARE PROGRAMS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; UNITED-STATES; CONTINGENT VALUATION; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; DENGUE-FEVER AB Using contingent valuation we estimated the perceived value of an area-wide integrated pest management program for the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, implemented in Monmouth and Mercer counties, NJ. We estimated residents' maximum willingness-to-pay and perceived monetary benefits (willingness-to-pay excluding residents who protested all types of payments) and payment modality through a telephone survey of 51 randomly selected households. The mean (+/- SE) perceived monetary benefits for an enhanced mosquito abatement program was $9.54 +/- 2.90 per capita per year. Most respondents would have been willing to pay through taxes (35%) or charitable donations (6%) starting then, or through one of these approaches in the future (43%), whereas 16% were completely unwilling to pay any additional costs whatsoever. We projected that the perceived monetary benefits to the counties' 1.01 million residents for an enhanced mosquito control program would be $9.61 million annually. Thus, collectively residents perceived monetary benefits of 3.67 times the combined 2008 annual operating costs of the counties' existing mosquito control programs of $2.61 million. C1 [Halasa, Yara A.; Shepard, Donald S.] Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. [Wittenberg, Eve] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Decis Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Fonseca, Dina M.; Gaugler, Randy] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, Dept Entomol, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Farajollahi, Ary] Mercer Cty Mosquito Control, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Healy, Sean] Monmouth Cty Mosquito Exterminat Commiss, Tinton Falls, NJ 07724 USA. [Strickman, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Natl Program Leader Vet Med & Urban Entomol, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Clark, Gary G.] ARS, USDA, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shepard, DS (reprint author), Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, POB 549110, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. RI Gaugler, Randy/K-3898-2013; OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU [USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-106] FX The authors are indebted to Isik Unlu from Mercer County Mosquito Control for her assistance in identifying key literature, Nick Alex, Odianosen Idiahi Obadan, Zeeshan Qadar, Anupama Sharma, Jenna Sirkin, Eduardo Undurraga, and Judith van Raalten at Brandeis University for assistance with Spanish translation and interviews, and Clare L. Hurley for editorial assistance. This work was funded by Cooperative Agreement USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-106 to Brandeis University (PI: GGC; PI at Brandeis: DSS). NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 225 EP 236 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013HH UT WOS:000309296000010 PM 23833903 ER PT J AU Lakshman, DK Alkharouf, N Roberts, DP Natarajan, SS Mitra, A AF Lakshman, Dilip K. Alkharouf, Nadim Roberts, Daniel P. Natarajan, Savithiry S. Mitra, Amitava TI Gene expression profiling of the plant pathogenic basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 reveals putative virulence factors SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE EST; isolate Rs23A; R. solani (AG 4, HG I) ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; RICE BLAST FUNGUS; O-MANNOSYLTRANSFERASE PMT4; VEGETATIVE INCOMPATIBILITY; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; SEQUENCE TAGS; PECTIN METHYLESTERASE; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM AB Rhizoctonia solani is a ubiquitous basidiomycetous soilborne fungal pathogen causing damping-off of seedlings, aerial blights and postharvest diseases. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis a global approach based on analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was undertaken. To get broad gene-expression coverage, two normalized EST libraries were developed from mycelia grown under high nitrogen-induced virulent and low nitrogen/methylglucose-induced hypovirulent conditions. A pilot-scale assessment of gene diversity was made from the sequence analyses of the two libraries. A total of 2280 cDNA clones was sequenced that corresponded to 220 unique sequence sets or clusters (contigs) and 805 singlets, making up a total of 1025 unique genes identified from the two virulence-differentiated cDNA libraries. From the total sequences, 295 genes (38.7%) exhibited strong similarities with genes in public databases and were categorized into 11 functional groups. Approximately 61.3% of the R solani ESTs have no apparent homologs in publicly available fungal genome databases and are considered unique genes. We have identified several cDNAs with potential roles in fungal pathogenicity, virulence, signal transduction, vegetative incompatibility and mating, drug resistance, lignin degradation, bioremediation and morphological differentiation. A codon-usage table has been formulated based on 14 694 R. solani EST codons. Further analysis of ESTs might provide insights into virulence mechanisms of R. solani AG 4 as well as roles of these genes in development, saprophytic colonization and ecological adaptation of this important fungal plant pathogen. C1 [Lakshman, Dilip K.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alkharouf, Nadim] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Roberts, Daniel P.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Natarajan, Savithiry S.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mitra, Amitava] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Lakshman, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dilip.Lakshman@ars.usda.gov FU United States Golf Association [1230-22000-019-01T] FX We greatly appreciate the help of Dr Qazi Hamid, RxBiosciences, Rockville, Maryland, for construction of normalized cDNA libraries and EST sequencing. The EST sequencing project was partially supported by a grant from the United States Golf Association to the senior author (Project No. 1230-22000-019-01T). NR 98 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1020 EP 1035 DI 10.3852/11-226 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 009MF UT WOS:000309029200005 PM 22778167 ER PT J AU Aoki, T Tanaka, F Suga, H Hyakumachi, M Scandiani, MM O'Donnell, K AF Aoki, Takayuki Tanaka, Fumio Suga, Haruhisa Hyakumachi, Mitsuro Scandiani, Maria Mercedes O'Donnell, Kerry TI Fusarium azukicola sp nov., an exotic azuki bean root-rot pathogen in Hokkaido, Japan SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; pathogenicity; Phaseolus vulgaris; phylogeny; SDS; taxonomy; Vigna angularis ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; DNA-SEQUENCE DATABASE; VIGNA-ANGULARIS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; TUCUMANIAE; DIVERSITY; DOMESTICATION AB We report on the phenotypic, molecular phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel azuki bean (Vigna angularis) root-rot (BRR) pathogen from Hokkaido, japan, which formally is described herein as Fusarium azukicola. This species call be distinguished phenotypically from the other Phaseolus/ Vigna BRR and soybean sudden-death syndrome (SDS) pathogens by the production of wider and longer four-septate conidia cultured on SNA. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of four anonymous intergenic loci, a portion of the translation elongation factor (EF-1 alpha) gene and the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region (IGS rDNA) strongly support the genealogical exclusivity of E azuki cola with respect to the other soybean SDS and BRR pathogens within Glade 2 of the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Evolutionary relationships of F. azukicola to other members of the SDS-BRR clade, however, are unresolved by phylogenetic analyses of the individual and combined datasets, with the exception of the IGS rDNA partition, which strongly supports it as a sister of the soybean SDS pathogen F. brasiliense. A multilocus genotyping assay is updated to include primer probes that successfully distinguish E azukicola from the other soybean SDS and BRR pathogens. Results of a pathogenicity experiment reveal that the F. azukicola isolates are able to induce root-rot symptoms on azuki bean, tilting bean (Vigna radiata), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), as well as typical SDS foliar symptoms on soybean. Our hypothesis is that F. azukicola evolved in South America and was introduced to Hokkaido, Japan, on azuki bean but its possible route of introduction remains unknown. C1 [Aoki, Takayuki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genet Resources Ctr MAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Tanaka, Fumio] Hokkaido Res Org, Cent Agr Expt Stn, Naganuma, Hokkaido 0691395, Japan. [Suga, Haruhisa] Gifu Univ, Life Sci Res Ctr, Div Genom Res, Gifu 5011193, Japan. [Hyakumachi, Mitsuro] Gifu Univ, Fac Appl Biol Sci, Gifu 5011193, Japan. [Scandiani, Maria Mercedes] Lab Agr Rio Parana, RA-2930 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [O'Donnell, Kerry] Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 60604 USA. RP Aoki, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genet Resources Ctr MAFF, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. EM taoki@nias.affrc.go.jp NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1068 EP 1084 DI 10.3852/11-303 PG 17 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 009MF UT WOS:000309029200009 PM 22492403 ER PT J AU Crouch, JA Tomaso-Peterson, M AF Crouch, Jo Anne Tomaso-Peterson, Maria TI Anthracnose disease of centipedegrass turf caused by Colletotrichum eremochloae, a new fungal species closely related to Colletotrichum sublineola SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Johnsongrass; sorghum ID SPORED GRAMINICOLOUS COLLETOTRICHUM; GRASSES; AMPLIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; CAROLINA AB Colletotrichum is a cosmopolitan, anamorphic fungal genus responsible for anthracnose disease in hundreds of plant species worldwide, including members of the Poaceae. Anthracnose disease of the widely planted, non-native, warm-season lawn grass, Eremochloae ophiuroides (centipedegrass), is commonly encountered in the southern United States, but the causal agent has never been identified. We use DNA sequence data from modern cultures and archival fungarium specimens in this study to determine the identity of the fungus responsible for centipedegrass anthracnose disease and provide experimental confirmation of pathogenicity. C. eremochloae sp. nov., a pathogen of centipedegrass, is proposed based on phylogenetic evidence from four sequence markers (Apn2, Apn2/Mat1, Sod2, ITS). C. eremochloae isolates from centipedegrass shared common morphology and phenotype with C. sublineola, a destructive pathogen of cultivated sorghum and Johnsongrass weeds (Sorghum halepense, S. vulgaris). Molecular phylogenetic analysis identified C. eremochloae and C. sublineola as closely related sister taxa, but genealogical concordance supported their distinction as unique phylogenetic species. Fixed nucleotide differences between C. eremochloae and C. sublineola were observed from collections of these fungi spanning 105 y, including the 1904 lectotype specimen of C. sublineola. C. eremochloae was identified from a fungarium specimen of centipedegrass in at a USA port from a 1923 Chinese shipment; the multilocus sequence from this specimen was identical to modern samples of the fungus. Thus, it appears that the fungus might have migrated to the USA around the same time that centipedegrass first was introduced to the USA in 1916 from China, where the grass is indigenous. The new species C. eremochloae is described and illustrated, along with a description and discussion of C. sublineola based on the lectotype and newly designated epitype. C1 [Crouch, Jo Anne] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tomaso-Peterson, Maria] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Crouch, JA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joanne.crouch@ars.usda.gov OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1096 DI 10.3852/11-317 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 009MF UT WOS:000309029200010 PM 22492402 ER PT J AU Kuo, M Dewsbury, DR ODonnell, K Carter, MC Rehner, SA Moore, JD Moncalvo, JM Canfield, SA Stephenson, SL Methven, AS Volk, TJ AF Kuo, Michael Dewsbury, Damon R. ODonnell, Kerry Carter, M. Carol Rehner, Stephen A. Moore, John David Moncalvo, Jean-Marc Canfield, Stephen A. Stephenson, Steven L. Methven, Andrew S. Volk, Thomas J. TI Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascospore; identification key; Morchellaceae; morels; morphology; North America; pits; taxonomy ID RUFOBRUNNEA; TOMENTOSA AB Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the existence of at least 50 species of Morchella worldwide and demonstrated a high degree of continental endemism within the genus. Here we describe 19 phylogenetic species of Morchella from North America, 14 of which are new (NI. diminutiva, M. virginiana, M. esculentoides, M. prava, M. cryptica, M. frustrata, M. populiphila, M. sextelata, M. septime-lata, M. capitata, M. impartuna, M. snyderi, M. brannea and M. septentrionalis). Existing species names (M. rufobrunnea, M. tomentosa, M. punctipes and M. angusticeps) are applied to four phylogenetic species, and formal description of one species (M sp. "Mel-8") is deferred pending study of additional material. Methods for assessing morphological features in Morchella are delineated, and a key to the known phylogenetic species of Morchella in North America is provided. Type studies of M. crassistipa, M. hotsonii, M. angusticeps and M. punctipes are provided. Morchella crassistipa is designated nomen dubium. C1 [Volk, Thomas J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Kuo, Michael; Moore, John David] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept English, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Dewsbury, Damon R.; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [ODonnell, Kerry] Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rehner, Stephen A.] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Moncalvo, Jean-Marc] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Canfield, Stephen A.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Foreign Languages, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Stephenson, Steven L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Methven, Andrew S.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. RP Volk, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM tvolk@uwlax.edu FU National Park Service [H3992050001]; University of Arkansas [SA0604193] FX Studies of morels in National Capital Region Parks were supported by Cooperative Agreement H3992050001 (Protecting resources: sustaining wild mushrooms in four NCR Parks) from the National Park Service, which provided financial support to the University of Arkansas and (through sub-award agreement SA0604193) to the University of Toronto. The logistical support provided by park personnel on many different aspects of the overall project is greatly appreciated. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 27 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1177 DI 10.3852/11-375 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 009MF UT WOS:000309029200016 PM 22495449 ER PT J AU Brazee, NJ Ortiz-Santana, B Banik, MT Lindner, DL AF Brazee, Nicholas J. Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz Banik, Mark T. Lindner, Daniel L. TI Armillaria altimontana, a new species from the western interior of North America SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Abies; armillaria; elongation factor 1-alpha; root disease ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; IDENTIFICATION; CALVESCENS; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES; OSTOYAE; MARKERS; MELLEA AB Armillaria altimontana, previously considered North American biological species (NABS) X, is described as new. To date, it appears that A. altimontana prefers higher-elevation, mesic sites within the dry, conifer forest zone of western interior North America. This species has been found on hardwoods and conifers and is associated most commonly with Abies-dominated forest types in southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho and northern California. Partial elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) sequences were generated from six isolates of A. altimontana originating from three locations in northern Idaho. Phylogenetic analyses of all 10 North American Armillaria species were carried out with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. Results indicate that isolates of A. altimontana formed a monophyletic group and clustered with A. calvescens, A. cepistipes, A. gallica and A. nabsnona, which is in agreement with recent phylogenetic studies of Armillaria. C1 [Brazee, Nicholas J.; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Banik, Mark T.; Lindner, Daniel L.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Brazee, NJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM nbrazee@umext.umass.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1205 DI 10.3852/11-409 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 009MF UT WOS:000309029200019 PM 22505437 ER PT J AU Castellano, MA Henkel, TW Miller, SL Smith, ME Aime, MC AF Castellano, Michael A. Henkel, Terry W. Miller, Steven L. Smith, Matthew E. Aime, M. Catherine TI New Elaphomyces species (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota) from Guyana SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Dicymbe; Guiana Shield; hypogeous fungi; sequestrate fungi ID PSEUDOTULOSTOMA AB Elaphomyces compleximurus sp. nov. and E. digitatus sp. nov. are described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. Macromorphological, micromorphological, habitat: and DNA sequence data are provided for each new species. This is the first report of Elaphomyces ascomata associated with ectomycorrhizal members of the Fabaceae and also for the genus from the lowland South American tropics. C1 [Henkel, Terry W.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Castellano, Michael A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, Steven L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Smith, Matthew E.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Aime, M. Catherine] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Henkel, TW (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM twh5@humboldt.edu RI Smith, Matthew/A-8115-2012 OI Smith, Matthew/0000-0002-0878-0932 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0918591]; National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration; Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program; Linnaean Society of London; Humboldt State University Foundation; Explorer's Club; Washington Group; NSF [DEB-0732968, DEB-1050292]; Guyana Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was made possible by grants to TWH from the National Science Foundation grant DEB-0918591, National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration, Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, Linnaean Society of London, Humboldt State University Foundation and to MCA from the Explorer's Club, Washington Group and NSF DEB-0732968. Additional support was provided by a grant to SLM from NSF DEB-1050292. Dillon Husbands functioned as Guyanese field counterpart for several of the expeditions and assisted with collection and description of specimens. Additional field assistance in Guyana was provided by Mimi Chin, Christopher Andrew, Leonard Williams, Valentino Joseph, Francino Edmond and Luciano Edmond. Research permits were granted by die Guyana Environmental Protection Agency. This paper is No. 182 in the Smithsonian Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program publication series. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1244 EP 1249 DI 10.3852/12-061 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 009MF UT WOS:000309029200024 PM 22505430 ER PT J AU Crimmins, SM Edwards, JW Houben, JM AF Crimmins, Shawn M. Edwards, John W. Houben, John M. TI Canis latrans (Coyote) Habitat Use and Feeding Habits in Central West Virginia SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; EASTERN COYOTES; PREY ABUNDANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; FOOD-HABITS; SPACE USE; MOVEMENTS; COLONIZATION; MISSISSIPPI; COEXISTENCE AB Canis latrans (Coyote) populations are expanding throughout the eastern United States, making them the apex predator in many systems. Despite abundant research in the western United States, relatively little information exists on the space use or feeding patterns of Coyotes in the forested landscapes of the Appalachians. We used radio-telemetry and scat analysis to describe seasonal habitat use and feeding patterns of Coyotes in central West Virginia during 2006-2008. Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) was the most common prey, occurring in 76% of scats collected in winter and 45% of scats collected in summer. Rodents were the most common prey item in summer, occurring in 48% of scats; other prey items occurred in <20% of scats. Coyotes selected for recently harvested forest stands while avoiding intact stands in both summer and winter. Despite exhibiting seasonal prey-switching behavior, Coyotes in this region do not alter habitat-use patterns with respect to season. Coyotes in our study seem to be opportunistic feeders that prefer areas with abundant cover. Their opportunistic feeding patterns may contribute to their rapid population expansion in this region. C1 [Crimmins, Shawn M.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Houben, John M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Cottageville, WV 25239 USA. RP Crimmins, SM (reprint author), Univ Montana, 413A Charles Clapp Bldg, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM shawn.crimmins@umontana.edu RI Crimmins, Shawn/M-1809-2013 FU Mead Westvaco Corporation; Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Cooperative; West Virginia Division of Natural Resource; USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services; West Virginia University FX We thank the Mead Westvaco Corporation, the Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Cooperative, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resource, USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, and West Virginia University for providing support for this project. We are grateful to the many technicians who assisted with data collection, especially C. Brabham and J. Cecil for laboratory analyses. R. Tucker (WVDNR) graciously provided hunter survey data. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 81 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD SEP PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1656/045.019.0304 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 016HD UT WOS:000309507500004 ER PT J AU Annala, M Tillman, EA Backus, G Keacher, KL Avery, ML AF Annala, Mary Tillman, Eric A. Backus, Gregory Keacher, Kandy L. Avery, Michael L. TI Crow Pellets from Winter Roosts in Lancaster, Pennsylvania SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Although crows cast pellets, there is little quantitative information on pellets from Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow), and none from C. ossifragus (Fish Crow). During a study of crow roost dispersal in Lancaster, PA, we collected samples of pellets from several locations. By mass, pellets consisted mostly of grit and other ne inorganic material, various seeds (principally Toxicodendron radicans [Poison Ivy] and Celtis occidentalis [Common Hackberry]), and vegetation remnants. Six pellets contained small-mammal bones. Because the Lancaster winter crow population included many Fish Crows, the source of the pellets was not certain. To clarify this, we compared the size of the Lancaster crow pellets to those produced by captive Fish Crows, and we provide the first quantitative description of pellets for either species. Our size comparisons suggest that >90% of the pellets in our sample from Lancaster were produced by American Crows. C1 [Tillman, Eric A.; Keacher, Kandy L.; Avery, Michael L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Annala, Mary] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Backus, Gregory] Bard Coll, Dept Biol, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. EM michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov FU Berryman Institute, Mississippi State University; National Wildlife Research Center FX Support was provided by the Berryman Institute, Mississippi State University (M. Annala and G. Backus), and by the National Wildlife Research Center (E.A. Tillman, K.L. Keacher, and M.L. Avery). W.E. Bruce assisted with animal care. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD SEP PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1656/045.019.0313 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 016HD UT WOS:000309507500013 ER PT J AU Miao, B Skidan, I Yang, J You, Z Fu, X Famulok, M Schaffhausen, B Torchilin, V Yuan, J Degterev, A AF Miao, B. Skidan, I. Yang, J. You, Z. Fu, X. Famulok, M. Schaffhausen, B. Torchilin, V. Yuan, J. Degterev, A. TI Inhibition of cell migration by PITENINs: the role of ARF6 SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE ARF6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor; ARNO/GRP1 membrane translocation; lamellipodia suppression; anti-angiogenesis; anti-metastasis ID GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE-EXCHANGE; RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 6; PLECKSTRIN-HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PATHWAY; PROTEINS; BINDING; SEC7; ARNO AB We have reported previously the development of small-molecule phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) antagonists (PITs) that block pleckstrin homology (PH) domain interaction, including activation of Akt, and show anti-tumor potential. Here we show that the same molecules inhibit growth factor-induced actin remodeling, lamellipodia formation and, ultimately, cell migration and invasion, consistent with an important role of PIP3 in these processes. In vivo, a PIT-1 analog displays significant inhibition on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) was recently identified as an important mediator of cytoskeleton and cell motility, which is regulated by PIP3-dependent membrane translocation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as ADP-ribosylation factor nucleotide binding site opener (ARNO) and general receptor for 3-phosphoinositides (GRP1). We demonstrate that PITs inhibit PIP3/ARNO or GRP1 PH domain binding and membrane localization, resulting in the inhibition of ARF6 activation. Importantly, we show that expression of the constitutively active mutant of ARF6 attenuates inhibition of lamellipodia formation and cell migration by PITs, confirming that inhibition of ARF6 contributes to inhibition of these processes by PITs. Overall, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of developing specific small-molecule targeting PIP3 binding by PH domains as potential anticancer agents that can simultaneously interfere with cancer development at multiple points. Oncogene (2012) 31, 4317-4332; doi:10.1038/onc.2011.593; published online 19 December 2011 C1 [Miao, B.; You, Z.; Schaffhausen, B.; Degterev, A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Skidan, I.; Torchilin, V.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol & Nanomed, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Skidan, I.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Neurosci Ctr, Charlestown, MA USA. [Fu, X.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Famulok, M.] Univ Bonn, Program Unit Chem Biol & Med Chem, LIMES Inst, Bonn, Germany. [Yuan, J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA USA. RP Degterev, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alexei.degterev@tufts.edu FU Smith Family Award for Excellence in Biomedical Research; National Institute on Aging Mentored Research Scientist Career Development Award; US Army [DAMD17-02-1-0403]; National Cancer Institute [RO1 CA34722/PO1-50661]; National Institute on Aging [R37 AG012859] FX We thank Dr Joan Brugge (Harvard Medical School), Dr Tamas Balla (National Institutes of Health) and Dr Philippe Chavrier (Institut Curie) for the gifts of plasmids and cells. We thank Dr Jeff Peterson (Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA) for providing valuable comments. This work was supported by Smith Family Award for Excellence in Biomedical Research and National Institute on Aging Mentored Research Scientist Career Development Award (to AD), an Innovator Award from US Army (DAMD17-02-1-0403), National Cancer Institute (RO1 CA34722/PO1-50661) (to BSS) and the National Institute on Aging (R37 AG012859) (to JY). NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 39 BP 4317 EP 4332 DI 10.1038/onc.2011.593 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 016LP UT WOS:000309520200006 PM 22179837 ER PT J AU Yang, ZQ Wang, XY Yao, YX Gould, JR Cao, LM AF Yang, Zhong-Qi Wang, Xiao-Yi Yao, Yan-Xia Gould, Juli R. Cao, Liang-Ming TI A New Species of Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) Parasitizing Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) From China, With a Key to Chinese Species in the Genus SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; Sclerodermus pupariae; new species; pupal and larval parasitoid; biocontrol AB A new parasitoid reared from Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Sclerodermus pupariae n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), is described from China. S. pupariae was reared from A. planipennis in China attacking velvet ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.), a tree native to North America. Life-history studies of S. pupariae in the field and laboratory indicated it is a gregarious idiobiont ectoparasitoid of pupa and larva of A. planipennis and has up to five generations per year. Parasitism rate in the field was 13%. Adult wasps reared from single host pupa or mature larva ranged from 24 to 56 individuals. Based on laboratory rearing, the emerging adult female to male ratio was 22:1. The new parasitoid species has a high potential as a biocontrol agent for emerald ash borer. Diagnosis of the new species with comparisons to Sclerodermus harmandi (Buysson) and a key to Sclerodermus known in China are provided. C1 [Yang, Zhong-Qi; Wang, Xiao-Yi; Yao, Yan-Xia; Cao, Liang-Ming] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, China State Forestry Adm, Key Lab Forest Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Gould, Juli R.] USDA APHIS, Otis Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis Air Natl Guard Base, Buzzards Bay, MA USA. RP Yang, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, China State Forestry Adm, Key Lab Forest Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM yangzhqi@126.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspective Service and Forest Service; National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China [2006BAD08A12]; Basic R&D Special Fund Program for National Level; Scientific Research Institutes [2004DIB4J166]; Forestry Scientific Research Program of State Forestry Administration of China [2003-033-L33] FX We thank Richard Reardon and Wu Yun (USDAD-FS, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV) for help in the study. We also thank Gui-Jun Liu and En-shan Liu (Administrative Office of Guangang Forest Park, Tianjin) for help during this investigation. This research was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspective Service and Forest Service; the National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China (2006BAD08A12); the Basic R&D Special Fund Program for National Level, Scientific Research Institutes (2004DIB4J166), and Forestry Scientific Research Program of State Forestry Administration of China (2003-033-L33). NR 15 TC 12 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.1603/AN12017 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012SX UT WOS:000309258000002 ER PT J AU Ammar, ED Hall, DG AF Ammar, El-Desouky Hall, David G. TI New and Simple Methods for Studying Hemipteran Stylets, Bacteriomes, and Salivary Sheaths in Host Plants SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE hemiptera; molting; stylet; salivary sheath; bacteriome ID DIAPHORINA-CITRI; VECTOR INTERACTIONS; INSECT VECTOR; TRANSMISSION; SHARPSHOOTER; PENETRATION; VIRUSES; CICADELLIDAE; PSYLLIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB Many hemipteran insects are important agricultural pests because they cause direct feeding damage to their host plants and/or transmit plant disease agents including viruses and bacteria. Microscopic and behavioral studies on five hemipteran species from four families (Psyllidae, Aphididae, Cicadellidae, and Aleyrodidae) showed that their exuviae (molted skins) normally had either fully or partially extended stylets in a feeding-like position. In most cases these stylets were still partially embedded in their host plants after ecdysis, which indicated that plant-feeding hemipteran nymphs use their stylets to anchor themselves to host plants during molting. This phenomenon was used here to study the stylet length and ultrastructure in exuviae of various instars, which is normally more difficult in nymphs than in adults because of the fragility and smaller size of nymphs. Additionally, autofluorescence was used for studying the hemipteran salivary sheaths of nymphs and adults in their host plants. This method is based on fixation of free hand sections of plant parts on which hemipteran insects have been feeding, then mounting and examination of these sections with epi-fluorescence or confocal microscopy. No embedding, microtomy, or staining is necessary for this method that makes it much faster and simpler than other methods. Autofluorescence was also used to study the location and size of bacteriomes/mycetomes (organs containing symbionts) in hemipteran eggs and nymphs. The above methods were applied successfully with the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), melaleuca psyllid (Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore), oleander aphid (Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolomb), the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and/or the glassy-winged sharpshooter leafhopper (Homalodisca vitripennis Germar). C1 [Ammar, El-Desouky; Hall, David G.] USHRL, USDA ARS, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Ammar, ED (reprint author), USHRL, USDA ARS, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM eldammar@hotmail.com FU Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation FX We thank Kathy Moulton and Monty Watson for excellent technical assistance, and L. R. Nault (Ohio State Univ.) for suggesting to the first author (E.-D.A.) that we should examine exuviae from other hemipteran families (in addition to Psyllidae). We are also grateful to Cindy McKenzie, Wayne Hunter, Matthew Hentz, John Prokop, and Maria Gonzalez for providing some of the hemipteran species studied (as indicated in the Materials and Methods section). Funds for this research were provided by the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation. This article reports the results of research, only. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 32 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 105 IS 5 BP 731 EP 739 DI 10.1603/AN12056 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012SX UT WOS:000309258000012 ER PT J AU Cornax, I Miller, PJ Afonso, CL AF Cornax, Ingrid Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Characterization of Live LaSota Vaccine Strain-Induced Protection in Chickens upon Early Challenge with a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Heterologous Genotype SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; NDV; LaSota; live-virus vaccination; ZJ1 ID SHEDDING FOLLOWING VACCINATION; HEMAGGLUTINATION-INHIBITION; CHINA; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY AB Newcastle disease (ND) is a major threat to the international poultry industry, causing bird mortality, reduction in growth and egg production, and trade restrictions. The primary strategy available to the poultry industry to control virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of ND, is vaccination. LaSota and other commonly used live-virus NDV vaccine strains were developed in the 1950s and 1960s and show a great degree of genetic divergence from currently circulating NDV strains. In order to characterize protective immunity induced by LaSoca against a heterologous NDV strain, we vaccinated groups of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with LaSota (virus titers ranging from 10(2) to 10(8) egg infective dose 50 [EID50] in 10-fold increments) and challenged the birds 14 days later with ZJ1 strain, an NDV strain that was isolated in the year 2000 from geese in China. We monitored multiple parameters of immunity, including serum antibody titers, antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and splenic cytokine expression and determined that SPF birds vaccinated with an adequate titer of LaSota strain live vaccine are fully protected from morbidity and mortality due to challenge with ZJ1 strain NDV, and we concluded that in the absence of interfering maternal antibody, protection due to vaccination increases with vaccine titer until a threshold titer is reached, beyond which, little or no further benefit can be elucidated. C1 [Cornax, Ingrid; Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Claudio.Afonso@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS CRIS [6612-32000-049] FX We wish to thank Timothy Olivier and Dawn Williams-Coplin for their excellent technical assistance and Roger Brock for his animal care assistance. This study was funded by USDA ARS CRIS number 6612-32000-049. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 464 EP 470 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010LA UT WOS:000309094700003 PM 23050461 ER PT J AU Cagle, C Wasilenko, J Adams, SC Cardona, CJ To, TL Nguyen, T Spackman, E Suarez, DL Smith, D Shepherd, E Roth, J Pantin-Jackwood, MJ AF Cagle, Caran Wasilenko, Jamie Adams, Sean C. Cardona, Carol J. Thanh Long To Tung Nguyen Spackman, Erica Suarez, David L. Smith, Diane Shepherd, Eric Roth, Jason Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. TI Differences in Pathogenicity, Response to Vaccination, and Innate Immune Responses in Different Types of Ducks Infected with a Virulent H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus from Vietnam SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE highly pathogenic avian influenza; H5N1 type; ducks; pathogenicity; innate immunity; vaccination ID PEKIN DUCKS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; DOMESTIC DUCKS; MUSCOVY DUCKS; A VIRUSES; RIG-I; INACTIVATED VACCINE; REVERSE GENETICS; HONG-KONG; RT-PCR AB In a previous study, we found clear differences in pathogenicity and response to vaccination against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI; HA chide 2.3.4) between Pekin (Atlas platyrhynchos var. domestica) and Muscovy (Cairina moschata) ducks vaccinated using a commercial inactivated vaccine (Re-1). The objective of the present study was to further investigate the pathogenicity of H5N1 HPAI viruses in different species of ducks by examining clinical signs and innate immune responses to infection with a different strain of H5N1 HPAI virus (HA clade 1) in two domestic ducks, Pekin and Muscovy, and one wild-type duck, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Protection conferred by vaccination using the Re-1 vaccine against infection with this virus was also compared between Pekin and Muscovy ducks. Differences in pathogenicity were observed among the virus-infected ducks, as the Muscovy ducks died 2 days earlier than did the Pekin and mallard ducks, and they presented more-severe neurologic signs. Conversely, the Pekin and mallard ducks had significantly higher body temperatures at 2 days postinfection (dpi) than did the Muscovy ducks, indicating possible differences in innate immune responses. However, similar expression of innate immune-related genes was found in the spleens of virus-infected ducks at this time point. In all three duck species, there was up-regulation of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, CCL19, RIG-1, and MHC class land down-regulation of MHC class II, but variable expression of IL-18 and TLR7. As in our previous study, vaccinated Muscovy ducks showed less protection against virus infection than did Pekin ducks, as evidenced by the higher mortality and higher number of Muscovy ducks shedding virus when compared to Pekin ducks. In conclusion, infection with an H5N1 HPAI virus produced a systemic infection with high mortality in all three duck species; however, the disease was more severe in Muscovy ducks, which also had a poor response to vaccination. The differences in response to virus infection could not be explained by differences in the innate immune responses between the different types of ducks when examined at 2 days dpi, and earlier time points need to be evaluated. C1 [Cagle, Caran; Wasilenko, Jamie; Spackman, Erica; Suarez, David L.; Smith, Diane; Shepherd, Eric; Roth, Jason; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] USDA, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Adams, Sean C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Minneapolis, MN 55108 USA. [Thanh Long To; Tung Nguyen] Natl Ctr Vet Diag, Dept Anim Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mary.Pantin-Jackwood@ARS.USDA.gov FU Foreign Agriculture Service of the USDA; Agriculture Research Service CRIS [6612-32000-048] FX The authors appreciate the assistance provided by Scott Lee, Ronald Graham, and Roger Brock in conducting these studies. The authors also thank the Food Safety and Inspection Service's histopathology laboratory at Russell Research Center-USDA for technical assistance. This study was supported by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with the Foreign Agriculture Service of the USDA and Agriculture Research Service CRIS Project 6612-32000-048. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010LA UT WOS:000309094700005 PM 23050463 ER PT J AU Dunn, JR Silva, RF AF Dunn, John R. Silva, Robert F. TI Ability of MEQ-Deleted MDV Vaccine Candidates to Adversely Affect Lymphoid Organs and Chicken Weight Gain SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE herpesvirus; poultry; atrophy; MEQ; MDV ID MAREKS-DISEASE-VIRUS; STRAIN CVI 988; PLUS STRAIN; HERPESVIRUS; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; PROTEIN; REPLICATION; PROTECTION; MUTANT AB CVI988 (Rispens) is currently the most effective vaccine used to protect against Marek's disease, a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens. A MEQ-deleted Marek's disease virus strain has shown promise as a vaccine candidate; however, unpublished results from vaccine safety trials suggest that this candidate vaccine induces unwanted lymphoid atrophy. The current study evaluated lymphoid atrophy at multiple time points between 2- and 8-wk postinoculation and attempted to correlate results with virus replication in the thymus. Results confirm reports that MEQ-deleted virus strains are able to cause thymus and bursa atrophy, which is most severe at 2-wk postinoculation. The MEQ-deleted virus strains induced lower body weights and relative thymus and bursa weights compared to uninoculated and Rispens-vaccinated chickens at multiple time points between 2- and 8-wk postinoculation. Both MEQ-deleted virus strains produced high levels of in vivo virus replication in the thymus at rates significantly greater than in Rispens-vaccinated chickens and were comparable to levels of RM1 virus, a MDV previously shown to induce severe thymus and bursa atrophy. Virus replication was highly correlated with relative thymus weights at each time point. Understanding this delicate balance between inducing maximum disease protection and preventing immunodepressive effects is critical for the development of future Marek's disease vaccines. C1 [Dunn, John R.; Silva, Robert F.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dunn, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 4279 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM john.dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 494 EP 500 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010LA UT WOS:000309094700007 PM 23050465 ER PT J AU Kapczynski, DR Martin, A Haddad, EE King, DJ AF Kapczynski, Darrell R. Martin, Alison Haddad, Eid E. King, Daniel J. TI Protection from Clinical Disease Against Three Highly Virulent Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus After In Ovo Application of an Antibody-Antigen Complex Vaccine in Maternal Antibody-Positive Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease; antigen-antibody complex; vaccine ID INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BROILER-CHICKENS; CALIFORNIA; CORMORANTS; BIRDS; OUTBREAK; EFFICACY; PET AB Worldwide, Newcastle disease (ND) remains one of the most economically important diseases of poultry. Current vaccination strategies for commercial poultry include the use of inactivated and live ND vaccines that typically induce protection against virulent field viruses. Here, we tested the efficacy of an antigen-antibody complex (AAC) ND vaccine delivered in ovo. Commercial maternal antibody-positive broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) were vaccinated in ova with an AAC vaccine composed of live B1-LaSota Newcastle disease virus (NDV) complexed with NDV-specific antiserum, and then they were challenged at weekly intervals after hatch. Challenge viruses included three exotic ND disease (END) viruses: the neurotropic strain Texas GB NDV-92-01 (TxGB) and two viscerotropic isolates, one isolate from the 2002-2003 outbreak in California (California 2002 isolate S212676 [CA]) and the other isolate from a 1997 END outbreak in South Korea (South Korea 94-147 [SK]). Results demonstrate that maternal antibody was able to provide approximately 50% protection in either vaccinated or control chickens at 7 days of age after TxGB challenge. However, with challenge at >= 14 days, most control birds died, whereas all AAC-vaccinated birds were protected. Challenge with the CA or SK viruses in chickens at 28 days of age resulted in 100% protection of vaccinated birds, whereas all control birds died. In addition, AAC-vaccinated birds displayed decreased incidence of viral shedding in oral and cloacal swabs than control birds. Antibody titers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vaccinated chickens, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutinin-inhibition tests, than in nonvaccinated controls. Together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of AAC vaccines delivered in ova to protect commercial poultry. C1 [Kapczynski, Darrell R.; King, Daniel J.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Martin, Alison; Haddad, Eid E.] Pfizer Anim Hlth Global Poultry, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM darrell.kapczynski@ars.usda.gov FU Embrex [58-6612-4-250]; USDA-ARS CRIS [6612-32000-062, 6612-32000-049] FX We thank Tracy Smith-Faulkner and Phillip Curry for outstanding technical assistance and Roger Brock for animal care assistance. This research was supported by a research agreement with Embrex (58-6612-4-250) and USDA-ARS CRIS projects 6612-32000-062 and 6612-32000-049. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010LA UT WOS:000309094700015 PM 23050473 ER PT J AU Pandiri, AR Gimeno, IM Mays, JK Reed, WM Fadly, AM AF Pandiri, A. R. Gimeno, I. M. Mays, J. K. Reed, W. M. Fadly, A. M. TI Reversion to Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Viremia in Seroconverted Adult Meat-Type Chickens Exposed to Chronic Stress by Adrenocorticotrophin Treatment SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE stress; avian leukosis virus subgroup j; viremia; shedding; adrenocorticotrophin treatment; meat-type chickens; reversion to viremia ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; INFECTION PROFILES; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; STRAIN; TRANSMISSION; CORTICOSTERONE; ONCOGENICITY; PERSISTENCE; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES AB Chickens infected with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV J) early in posthatch life develop viremia followed by a neutralizing antibody (Nab) response that may or may not be able to clear the viremia. Occasionally, chickens that do clear viremia by developing an efficient Nab response revert to viremia, and the factors responsible for this reversion are not clear. In this study, it was hypothesized that stress can cause seroconverted viremia-free chickens to revert to viremia. Adult (52-wk-old) male commercial meat-type chickens that were exposed to ALV J at hatch and had since cleared viremia and remained viremia-free for up to 40 wk, when subjected to chronic stress (for 14 days) induced by porcine adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), reverted to viremia and cloacal shedding (2/6 [33%]). However, chickens that were contact-exposed to ALV J at 32 wk of age and had seroconverted failed to revert to viremia when subjected to similar chronic stress. Stress did not increase the susceptibility of adult meat-type chickens to ALV J infection by contact exposure. The lack of statistical significance due to the small sample size is a limitation of this study. However, in general, the results suggest that treatment of chickens with ACTH can cause reversion of viremia and cloacal shedding in ALV J-seroconverted adult male chickens that had been exposed to the virus at hatch, but not in chickens that were contact-exposed at 32 wk of age. The results warrant further studies with greater sample size to examine the role of stress in ALV J epidemiology. C1 [Pandiri, A. R.; Gimeno, I. M.; Mays, J. K.; Fadly, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Pandiri, A. R.; Reed, W. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Gimeno, I. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Reed, W. M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 4279 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM aly.fadly@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 578 EP 582 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010LA UT WOS:000309094700019 PM 23050477 ER PT J AU Tatum, FM Tabatabai, LB Briggs, RE AF Tatum, Fred M. Tabatabai, Louisa B. Briggs, Robert E. TI Cross-Protection Against Fowl Cholera Disease with the Use of Recombinant Pasteurella multocida FHAB2 Peptides Vaccine SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella multocida; filamentous hemagglutinin; recombinant vaccine; cross-protection ID TURKEYS AB It has been demonstrated that fhaB2 (filamentous hemagglutinin) is an important virulence factor for Pasteurella multocida in development of fowl cholera disease and that vaccination with recombinant FHAB2 peptides derived from P. multocida, P-1059 (serotype A:3) protects turkeys against P-1059 challenge. Here the hypothesis that vaccination with the same rFHAB2 peptides could cross-protect turkeys against challenge with P. multocida chi 73 (serotype A:1) was examined. Three rFHAB2 peptides were purified and pooled, and two doses, consisting of equal amounts of each, were administered subcutaneously to turkeys at 2-wk intervals. Simultaneously, control birds were administered sham inoculations. One week later, vaccinates and controls were challenged intranasally with P-1059 or chi 73. The results showed vaccination with rFHAB2 peptides significantly protected turkeys against lethal challenge from both P. multocida serotypes (P < 0.01). The high degree of FHAB2 conservation across serotypes likely allow the observed cross-protection. C1 [Tatum, Fred M.; Tabatabai, Louisa B.; Briggs, Robert E.] USDA, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tatum, FM (reprint author), USDA, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM fred.tarum@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 589 EP 591 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010LA UT WOS:000309094700021 PM 23050479 ER PT J AU Silva, MSE Swayne, DE AF Sa e Silva, Mariana Swayne, David E. TI Serum and Egg Yolk Antibody Detection in Chickens Infected with Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; diagnostic; egg yolk ID DISEASE VIRUS; VALIDATION; OUTBREAK; TITERS; HENS AB Surveillance for low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) infections has primarily relied on labor-intensive collection and serological testing of serum, but for many poultry diseases, easier-to-collect yolk samples have replaced serum for surveillance testing. A time-course LPAIV infection study in layers was performed to evaluate the utility of antibody detection in serum vs. egg yolk samples. Layers inoculated with the LPAIV A/Bobwhite Quail/Pennsylvania/20304/98 (H7N2) were tested for antibody levels in the serum and egg yolk by using the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGED), hemagglutination-inhibition test (HI), and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-influenza specific antibodies were detected in the serum as early as 7 days postinoculation (DPI), and the majority of the hens remained positive until 42 DPI. Antibodies in the egg yolk were first detected by ACID at 7 DPI, which was also the first day of detection in serum. However, the majority of the eggs were positive by all techniques at 11 DPI and remained positive until 42 DPI, at which time the number of AGID+ and HI+ samples declined slightly as compared to ELISA+ samples. These results suggest that egg yolk can be an alternative to serum for flock serological surveillance against LPAIV infections, and the three methods (ACID, HI, and ELISA) will give similar results for first 42 days after infection, although ACID may give earlier positive response. C1 [Sa e Silva, Mariana; Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [6612-32000-023] FX We thank Joan Beck, Kira Moresco, and James Doster for their excellent technical assistance. This research was supported by USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-023. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 56 IS 3 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010LA UT WOS:000309094700024 ER PT J AU Stokes, W McFarland, R Kulpa-Eddy, J Gatewood, D Levis, R Halder, M Pulle, G Kojima, H Casey, W Gaydamaka, A Miller, T Brown, K Lewis, C Chapsal, JM Bruckner, L Gairola, S Kamphuis, E Rupprecht, CE Wunderli, P McElhinney, L De Mattia, F Gamoh, K Hill, R Reed, D Doelling, V Johnson, N Allen, D Rinckel, L Jones, B AF Stokes, William McFarland, Richard Kulpa-Eddy, Jodie Gatewood, Donna Levis, Robin Halder, Marlies Pulle, Gayle Kojima, Hajime Casey, Warren Gaydamaka, Alexander Miller, Timothy Brown, Karen Lewis, Charles Chapsal, Jean-Michel Bruckner, Lukas Gairola, Sunil Kamphuis, Elisabeth Rupprecht, Charles E. Wunderli, Peter McElhinney, Lorraine De Mattia, Fabrizio Gamoh, Koichiro Hill, Richard Reed, David Doelling, Vivian Johnson, Nelson Allen, David Rinckel, Lori Jones, Brett TI Report on the international workshop on alternative methods for human and veterinary rabies vaccine testing: State of the science and planning the way forward SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE Rabies vaccines; Potency; Replacement; Refinement; Reduction; Implementation; In vitro ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES; POTENCY TEST; ANIMAL USE; GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRUS; ELISA; CHALLENGE; MICE AB Potency testing of most human and veterinary rabies vaccines requires vaccination of mice followed by a challenge test using an intracerebral injection of live rabies virus. NICEATM, ICCVAM, and their international partners organized a workshop to review the availability and validation status of alternative methods that might reduce, refine, or replace the use of animals for rabies vaccine potency testing, and to identify research and development efforts to further advance alternative methods. Workshop participants agreed that general anesthesia should be used for intracerebral virus injections and that humane endpoints should be used routinely as the basis for euthanizing animals when conducting the mouse rabies challenge test. Workshop participants recommended as a near-term priority replacement of the mouse challenge with a test validated to ensure potency, such as the mouse antibody serum neutralization test for adjuvanted veterinary rabies vaccines for which an international collaborative study was recently completed. The workshop recommended that an in vitro antigen quantification test should be a high priority for product-specific validation of human and non-adjuvanted veterinary rabies vaccines. Finally, workshop participants recommended greater international cooperation to expedite development, validation, regulatory acceptance, and implementation of alternative test methods for rabies vaccine potency testing. C1 [Stokes, William; Casey, Warren] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagcy Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Div Natl Toxicol Program,NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [McFarland, Richard; Levis, Robin] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Kulpa-Eddy, Jodie] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Gatewood, Donna; Lewis, Charles; Hill, Richard] USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Halder, Marlies] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, European Union Reference Lab Alternat Anim Testin, I-21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy. [Pulle, Gayle] Hlth Canada, Ctr Vaccine Evaluat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Kojima, Hajime] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Japanese Ctr Validat Alternat Methods, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1585801, Japan. [Gaydamaka, Alexander] Inst Anim Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Miller, Timothy] Benchmark Biolabs, Lincoln, NE 68528 USA. [Brown, Karen] Pair ODocs Consultants, Parkville, MO 64152 USA. [Chapsal, Jean-Michel] Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France. [Bruckner, Lukas] Inst Viruskrankheiten & Immunprophylaxe, CH-3147 Mittelhausern, Switzerland. [Gairola, Sunil] Serum Inst India Ltd, Pune 411028, Maharashtra, India. [Kamphuis, Elisabeth] Paul Ehrlich Inst, D-63225 Langen, Germany. [Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [McElhinney, Lorraine] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Weybridge CH64 7TE, Surrey, England. [De Mattia, Fabrizio] MSD Anim Hlth, NL-5830 AA Boxmeer, Netherlands. [Gamoh, Koichiro] Minist Agr, Natl Vet Assay Lab, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan. [Reed, David] D E Reed & Associates, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Doelling, Vivian; Johnson, Nelson; Allen, David; Rinckel, Lori; Jones, Brett] Integrated Lab Syst Inc, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. RP Stokes, W (reprint author), NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagcy Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Div Natl Toxicol Program,NIH, POB 12233,MD K2-16, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM stokes@niehs.nih.gov RI McElhinney, Lorraine/C-7997-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 OI McElhinney, Lorraine/0000-0002-6022-348X; FU International Cooperation on Alternative Test Method (ICATM); NICEATM-ICCVAM; European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM); Health Canada; Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM) FX The authors extend their sincere appreciation to all participants in the international workshop for their contributions leading to the workshop conclusions and recommendations. The members of the Rabies Workshop Organizing Committee, ICCVAM Interagency Biologics Working Group, and NICEATM staff are acknowledged for their contributions to the planning of the workshop, and all the invited experts are acknowledged for their contributions to breakout group discussions and workshop proceedings. Participating national/international validation organizations from the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Method (ICATM) are also gratefully acknowledged for their scientific contributions and financial support, including NICEATM-ICCVAM, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Health Canada, and the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM). Finally, the authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Rajendra Chhabra and Dr. Michael Humble from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA for their review of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD SEP PY 2012 VL 40 IS 5 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.07.005 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 010IB UT WOS:000309087000008 PM 22884673 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Xu, M Yuan, X Ling, TJ Choi, HI Zhang, F Chen, LG Liu, SY Su, SJ Qiao, FX He, YX Wang, JXL Kunkel, KE Gao, W Joseph, EE Morris, V Yu, TW Dudhia, J Michalakes, J AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Xu, Min Yuan, Xing Ling, Tiejun Choi, Hyun I. Zhang, Feng Chen, Ligang Liu, Shuyan Su, Shenjian Qiao, Fengxue He, Yuxiang Wang, Julian X. L. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Gao, Wei Joseph, Everett E. Morris, Vernon Yu, Tsann-Wang Dudhia, Jimy Michalakes, John TI REGIONAL CLIMATE-WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODEL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEAMLESS PREDICTION CALIBRATION; SEASONAL FORECASTS; PART I; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATIONS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; DATA ASSIMILATION; US PRECIPITATION; SUMMER MONSOON; UNITED-STATES C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min; Zhang, Feng; Chen, Ligang; Liu, Shuyan; Su, Shenjian; He, Yuxiang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min; Yuan, Xing; Ling, Tiejun; Choi, Hyun I.; Zhang, Feng; Chen, Ligang; Liu, Shuyan; Su, Shenjian; Qiao, Fengxue] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Qiao, Fengxue] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Yuan, Xing] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ling, Tiejun] Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Key Lab Res Marine Hazards Forecasting, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Choi, Hyun I.] Yeungnam Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taegu, South Korea. [Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] E China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Joseph, Everett E.; Morris, Vernon; Yu, Tsann-Wang] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Dudhia, Jimy; Michalakes, John] NCAR, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu RI Yuan, Xing/G-8392-2011; Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Liu, Shuyan/M-8813-2014; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 OI Yuan, Xing/0000-0001-6983-7368; Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; FU state of Illinois through the CAQIMS modeling program; NOAA Education Partnership Program (EPP) subaward COM Howard [631017]; Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) [NA08OAR4310575, NA08OAR4310875]; EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [RD-83337302, RD-83418902]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Grant [DE-SC0001683]; Colorado State University UV-B Monitoring and Research Program subaward [USDA-CSREES-2009-34263-19774 (G-1449-1)]; NASA Grant [NNX08AL94G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM 06-28687, DMS 07-24752]; China National Basic Research Program Grant [2010CB951603]; Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program Grant [10DZ0581600] FX We acknowledge the WRF developers for the integrated effort making this model available as the excellent base from which CWRF has been developed; the PRISM group at Oregon State University for precipitation data with topographic correction; Ruby Leung for the WRFG simulation; and Arthur Samel, Gary Lackmann (editor), and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. This research was supported by the state of Illinois through the CAQIMS modeling program, the NOAA Education Partnership Program (EPP) subaward COM Howard 631017 and Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) Grants NA08OAR4310575 and NA08OAR4310875, the EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Grants RD-83337302 and RD-83418902, the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Grant DE-SC0001683, the Colorado State University UV-B Monitoring and Research Program subaward USDA-CSREES-2009-34263-19774 (G-1449-1), the NASA Grant NNX08AL94G, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants ATM 06-28687 and DMS 07-24752, the China National Basic Research Program Grant 2010CB951603, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program Grant 10DZ0581600. The model simulations were conducted at the DOE/NERSC, NOAA/ESRL, and UIUC/NCSA supercomputing facilities. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies. NR 110 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1363 EP 1387 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00180.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009WP UT WOS:000309056400005 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Simsek, S McMullen, MS AF Doehlert, Douglas C. Simsek, Senay McMullen, Michael S. TI Extraction of beta-Glucan from Oats for Soluble Dietary Fiber Quality Analysis SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BRAN MUFFINS; BARLEY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONS; CULTIVARS; RAW AB Extraction protocols for beta-glucan from oat flour were tested to determine optimal conditions for beta-glucan quality testing, which included extractability and molecular weight. We found mass yields of beta-glucan were constant at all temperatures, pH values, and flour-to-water ratios, as long as sufficient time and enough repeat extractions were performed and no hydrolytic enzymes were present. Extracts contained about 30-60% beta-glucan, with lower proportions associated with higher extraction temperatures in which more starch and protein were extracted. All commercial starch hydrolytic enzymes tested, even those that are considered homogenous, degraded beta-glucan apparent molecular weight as evaluated by size-exclusion chromatography. Higher concentration beta-glucan solutions could be prepared by controlling the flour-to-water ratio in extractions. Eight grams of flour per 50 mL of water generated the highest native beta-glucan concentrations. Routine extractions contained 2 g of enzyme-inactivated flour in 50 mL of water with 5mM sodium azide (as an antimicrobial), which were stirred overnight, centrifuged, and the supernatant boiled for 10 min. The polymer extracted had a molecular weight of about 2 million and was stable at room temperature for at least a month. C1 [Doehlert, Douglas C.] N Dakota State Univ, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Dept 7640, USDA,ARS, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Simsek, Senay; McMullen, Michael S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Dept 7650, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Dept 7640, USDA,ARS, Harris Hall,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 49 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 89 IS 5 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-08-11-0103 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 010SC UT WOS:000309113400002 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Simsek, S AF Doehlert, Douglas C. Simsek, Senay TI Variation in beta-Glucan Fine Structure, Extractability, and Flour Slurry Viscosity in Oats Due to Genotype and Environment SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; WATER-SOLUBLE 1->3; GOLGI-APPARATUS; BRAN MUFFINS; SYNTHASE; CEREAL; (1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCANS; HYDROLASES; SUBSTRATE; ENDOSPERM AB Effects of genotype and environment on (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan) extractability, flour slurry viscosity, and beta-glucan polymer fine structure in oats were tested. One environment had a severe negative effect on slurry viscosity as evaluated with a rotational viscometer. Environment also had a strong effect on beta-glucan extractability, whereas genotype had no significant effect. Fine structure of beta-glucan was evaluated from the frequencies of oligosaccharides from lichenase hydrolysis of the beta-glucan polymer. Significant differences in degree of polymerization (DP) fragment frequencies were found associated with both genotype and growth environment. The high-beta-glucan cultivar HiFi had lower DP3 fragment frequency and higher frequencies of DP4 and DP6 fragments than other cultivars with moderate beta-glucan concentration. Drier environments tended to yield lower DP3 fragment frequencies as well. Drier environments and genotypes with more beta-glucan synthetic potential may have provided cellular environments with more competition for substrate for beta-glucan synthesis, which appeared associated with lower DP3 fragment frequency. In a separate experiment, we found that extractable beta-glucan had higher frequencies of DP3 fragments and lower frequency of DP4 fragments. The observed variations deserve consideration for influence on functional properties, such as viscosity or health benefit potential. C1 [Doehlert, Douglas C.] N Dakota State Univ, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Dept 7640, USDA,ARS, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Simsek, Senay] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Dept 7650, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Dept 7640, USDA,ARS, Harris Hall,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 89 IS 5 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-12-11-0145 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 010SC UT WOS:000309113400004 ER PT J AU Wei, X Thornsbury, S AF Wei, Xuan Thornsbury, Suzanne TI Firm level export decisions: The role of information cost SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Information cost; Uncertainty; Compliance costs; Export decisions; Profit; Productivity ID TRADE AB Costs necessary to conform with rules and regulations governing market access (i.e. compliance costs) are uncertain prior to export or collection of information which is not cost free for an individual firm. In this paper, we extend the heterogeneous firm model of Melitz to analyze how an individual firm may reduce or eliminate the uncertainty of compliance costs by paying for the information cost prior to making decisions to export. Our model indicates that in the presence of uncertain compliance costs and non-zero information cost, average profits and productivity differences between exporting and non-exporting firms are reduced. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thornsbury, Suzanne] Econ Res Serv, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Thornsbury, S (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM sthornsbury@ers.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 116 IS 3 BP 487 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.04.056 PG 4 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 001GW UT WOS:000308449600061 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Butt, KR Lowe, CN AF Callaham, M. A., Jr. Butt, K. R. Lowe, C. N. TI Stable isotope evidence for marine-derived avian inputs of nitrogen into soil, vegetation, and earthworms on the isle of Rum, Scotland, UK SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Guano; Sea birds; Manx shearwater; Puffinus puffinus; Earthworm ID ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; FOOD WEBS; ISLANDS; INVERTEBRATES; NUTRIENTS; COLONIES; FOLIAR; CARBON; N-15; C-13 AB The largest breeding colony of Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus) in the world is found on the Isle of Rum in the inner Hebrides of Scotland. We collected a feather, guano, soil, vegetation, and earthworms near shear-water burrows to determine whether inputs of nitrogen (N) from guano were incorporated into belowground foodwebs. For comparison, similar samples were collected from a nearby plot that was experimentally fertilised 40 years prior. The shearwater feather had the highest level of N-15 enrichment (+18 parts per thousand), followed by guano (+12 parts per thousand). Soil (+7.5 parts per thousand) and vegetation (+5.7 parts per thousand) collected at the burrow entrance were enriched with 15N relative to those collected at 2 m or more away (+0.5 to +3.1 parts per thousand for soil, and -2.5 to -4.6 parts per thousand for vegetation). In contrast, soil inside the fertilised plot had delta N-15 approximate to 0, but was enriched with N-15 away from the plot edge. Earthworms collected from shearwater greens had enriched N-15 signatures relative to earthworms from the fertilised plot (+3.8 and -0.9 parts per thousand, respectively). Our data suggest that available N is tightly cycled in vegetation and soil for decades, and that shearwater derived N is substantially assimilated by earthworms. Therefore, because earthworms do not occur outside areas of shearwater influence, the birds should be viewed as ecosystem engineers of soil invertebrate foodwebs on Rum. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Callaham, M. A., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Butt, K. R.; Lowe, C. N.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Sch Built & Nat Environm, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcallaham@fs.fed.us OI Lowe, Christopher/0000-0002-3893-7371; Butt, Kevin/0000-0003-0886-7795 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 52 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2012.07.004 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 010KH UT WOS:000309092800012 ER PT J AU Habing, GG Lombard, JE Kopral, CA Dargatz, DA Kaneene, JB AF Habing, Greg G. Lombard, Jason E. Kopral, Christine A. Dargatz, David A. Kaneene, John B. TI Farm-Level Associations with the Shedding of Salmonella and Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella in U.S. Dairy Cattle SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; LAIDLOMYCIN PROPIONATE; IONOPHORES MONENSIN; DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; HERDS; TYPHIMURIUM; BAMBERMYCIN AB Salmonella enterica is the leading cause of foodborne-related deaths and hospitalizations within the United States. Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains are associated with higher hospital costs and case fatality. The objective for this study was to determine the association of management practices with the recovery of Salmonella and AMR Salmonella on dairy herds. Individual adult cow fecal samples and/or composite fecal samples were collected from 265 dairy herds in 17 states. Samples were cultured for Salmonella, and the MIC was determined for 15 antimicrobials. Herds were classified as Salmonella positive if at least one isolate was recovered, and AMR Salmonella positive if at least one resistant isolate was recovered. Questionnaires regarding management practices were administered to herd operators, and a subset of practices was selected based on subject knowledge and prior research. Data on preventive and therapeutic antimicrobial usage were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were used to determine which practices were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with each herd classification. A total of 124 and 25 herds were classified as Salmonella positive and AMR Salmonella positive, respectively. Variables significantly associated with Salmonella-positive herds included using sprinklers or misters for heat abatement (OR = 2.8; CI: 1.6-4.9), feeding anionic salts to cows (OR = 1.9; CI: 1.1-3.5), and feeding ionophores to cows (OR = 2.1; CI: 1.2-3.7). Herds that used a broadcast/solid spread had lower odds (OR = 0.26; CI: 0.11-0.63) of being Salmonella positive. Herds with at least one resistant isolate were more likely to have used composted/dried manure for bedding relative to herds with only susceptible isolates (OR = 3.6; CI: 1.2-11.0). These results can be useful to focus additional research aimed at decreasing the prevalence of Salmonella and AMR Salmonella on U.S. dairy herds. C1 [Habing, Greg G.; Kaneene, John B.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lombard, Jason E.; Kopral, Christine A.; Dargatz, David A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Lombard, Jason E.; Kopral, Christine A.; Dargatz, David A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Habing, GG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Vet Med Ctr A 106, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ghabing@gmail.com RI Habing, Gregory/A-1606-2013 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 25 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 9 IS 9 BP 815 EP 821 DI 10.1089/fpd.2012.1149 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 004RU UT WOS:000308699600007 PM 22870913 ER PT J AU Hume, ME Hernandez, CA Barbosa, NA Sakomura, NK Dowd, SE Oviedo-Rondon, EO AF Hume, Michael E. Hernandez, Charles A. Barbosa, Nei A. Sakomura, Nilva K. Dowd, Scott E. Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O. TI Molecular Identification and Characterization of Ileal and Cecal Fungus Communities in Broilers Given Probiotics, Specific Essential Oil Blends, and Under Mixed Eimeria Infection SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INTESTINAL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; REAL-TIME PCR; DIGESTIVE MICROFLORA; PATHOLOGICAL-CHANGES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FEED ADDITIVES; PERFORMANCE; POPULATIONS; CULTURE AB Broiler digestive tract fungal communities have gained far less scrutiny than that given corresponding bacterial communities. Attention given poultry-associated fungi have focused primarily on feed-associated toxin-producers, yeast, and yeast products. The current project focused on the use of pyrosequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to identify and monitor broiler digestive fungal communities. Eight different treatments were included. Four controls were an Uninfected-Unmedicated Control, an Unmedicated-Infected Control, the antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate plus the ionophore monensin as Positive Control, and the ionophore monensin alone as a Negative Control. Four treatments were two probiotics (BC-30 and Calsporin) and two specific essential oil blends (Crina Poultry Plus and Crina Poultry AF). All chickens except the Unmedicated-Uninfected Control were given, at 15 days of age, a standard oral Eimeria inoculum of sporulated oocysts. Ileal and cecal digesta were collected at pre-Eimeria infection at 14 days of age and at 7 days post-Eimeria infection at 22 days of age. Extracted cecal DNA was analyzed by pyrosequencing to examine the impact of diet supplements and Eimeria infection on individual constituents in the fungal community, while DGGE was used to compare more qualitative changes in ileal and cecal communities. Pyrosequencing identified three phyla, seven classes, eight orders, 13 families, 17 genera, and 23 fungal species. Ileal and cecal DGGE patterns showed fungal communities were clustered mainly into pre- and post-infection patterns. Post-infection Unmedicated-Uninfected patterns were clustered with pre-infection groups demonstrating a strong effect of Eimeria infection on digestive fungal populations. These combined techniques offered added versatility towards unraveling the effects of enteropathogen infection and performance enhancing feed additives on broiler digestive microflora. C1 [Hume, Michael E.; Hernandez, Charles A.] ARS, FFSRU, SPARC, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Barbosa, Nei A.; Sakomura, Nilva K.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, Brazil. [Barbosa, Nei A.; Oviedo-Rondon, Edgar O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dowd, Scott E.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Res & Testing Labs, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), ARS, FFSRU, SPARC, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Michael.Hume@ars.usda.gov RI CA, Inct/J-9546-2013; Sakomura, Nilva/F-5716-2014 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 9 IS 9 BP 853 EP 860 DI 10.1089/fpd.2011.1093 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 004RU UT WOS:000308699600013 PM 22779701 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Gao, W Chang, NB AF Gao, Zhiqiang Gao, Wei Chang, Ni-Bin TI Spatial Statistical Analyses of Global Trends of Ultraviolet B Fluxes in the Continental United States SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; OZONE COLUMN RETRIEVAL; UV; RADIATION; SURFACE; CLOUDS; AEROSOLS; IMAGES AB Many environmental factors, such as stratospheric ozone, aerosols, and clouds, may affect ultraviolet (UV) irradiance. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association between ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and total cloud amount, ozone, and aerosols simultaneously, leading to the assessment of possible impacts of climate change on UVB flux variations in the continental United States (U.S.). Spatiotemporal correlation analyses were conducted, based on data collected from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), with a geographic information system (GIS). Findings indicate that in the past 22 years, while ozone decreased and aerosols increased across the U. S., the UVB decrease in the northern states was consistent with an increase in aerosols and total cloud amount. Therefore, to some extent, the trend characteristics of UVB over the U. S. between 1980 and 2002 were simultaneously affected by such dominant factors as total ozone and by such auxiliary factors as aerosol and total cloud amount. Climate change impact resulting in higher total cloud amount in the northern states might result in lower UVB in the future. C1 [Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai 264003, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, USDA UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Chang, Ni-Bin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Yantai 264003, Peoples R China. EM gaoland@gmail.com RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41171334 41071278]; USDA NIFA project [2010-34263-21075] FX This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41171334 41071278) and USDA NIFA project (2010-34263-21075). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 49 IS 5 BP 735 EP 754 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.49.5.735 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 005OL UT WOS:000308759600006 ER PT J AU O'Connell, S Rivard, C Peet, MM Harlow, C Louws, F AF O'Connell, Suzanne Rivard, Cary Peet, Mary M. Harlow, Chris Louws, Frank TI High Tunnel and Field Production of Organic Heirloom Tomatoes: Yield, Fruit Quality, Disease, and Microclimate SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solanum lycopersicum; greenhouse; season extension; plasticulture; hoop house; local markets; IPM ID STRAWBERRY; GREENHOUSE; ROT AB Organic and heirloom tomatoes are high-value products with growing demand but there are many challenges to successful cultivation. A systems comparison study was carried out to evaluate the production of the popular heirloom tomato 'Cherokee Purple' (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under high tunnel and open field systems in North Carolina from 2007 to 2008. Management of the high tunnel (i.e., temperature and irrigation), weather events as well as pest and disease pressure influenced crop quality and yield. The high tunnel and field systems achieved similar total yields (100 t.ha(-1)) the first season but yields were 33% greater in the high tunnel system than the field system in the second year (100 t.ha(-1) and 67 t.ha(-1), respectively). Both years, the tomatoes were planted in high tunnels 1 month earlier and harvested 3 weeks earlier than the field. The accumulation of approximate to 1100 growing degree-days (GDD) was required in both systems before 50% of the fruit was harvested. Fruit cracking, cat-facing, blossom-end rot, and insect damage were the major categories of defects in both systems. Incidence of both Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) and Gray Leaf Spot (GLS) were lower in the high tunnel compared with the field in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Results of this study suggest that with proper management techniques, high tunnels can optimize yields, increase fruit quality, and provide season extension opportunities for high-value horticultural crops. C1 [O'Connell, Suzanne; Harlow, Chris; Louws, Frank] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rivard, Cary] Kansas State Univ, Olathe, KS 66061 USA. [Peet, Mary M.] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Louws, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, 2411 Gardner Hall,Campus Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Frank_Louws@ncsu.edu FU S-SARE [LS06-193, GS07-060] FX We wish to thank Steve and Josh Moore, Carolyn Lowry, Ian Fiske, Thomas Rufty, Joy Smith, CEFS/NCDA staff, the NCSU Phytotron and Fox greenhouse staff, the NCSU Integrated Disease Management Lab, and many seasonal employees for their assistance. Fertilizers donations from Nutrimax, Inc., and Petrik, Inc. were greatly appreciated and funding by S-SARE #LS06-193 & #GS07-060 made this endeavor possible. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 55 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2012 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1283 EP 1290 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009NQ UT WOS:000309032900015 ER PT J AU Kantar, M Betts, K Hulke, BS Stupar, RM Wyse, D AF Kantar, Michael Betts, Kevin Hulke, Brent S. Stupar, Robert M. Wyse, Donald TI Breaking Tuber Dormancy in Helianthus tuberosus L. and Interspecific Hybrids of Helianthus annuus L. x Helianthus tuberosus SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gibberellic acid; ethylene; cytokinin; cold treatment ID SUNFLOWER; REGISTRATION; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; RESTORER; ETHANOL; CROPS; SEEDS; RICE; ACID AB Tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L. are dormant after production in the late fall until the next spring. In the wild, tuber dormancy is broken after exposure to winter cold, resulting in sprouting and shoot development in the spring when conditions are favorable. The dormancy period typically limits H. tuberosus populations to one growth cycle per year. An efficient method for breaking tuber dormancy is needed to have an additional growth cycle per year in a breeding program, which could take place in winter in the nursery or the greenhouse allowing for increased breeding efficiency. The objective of this research was to compare chemical and cold temperature treatments for artificially breaking tuber dormancy in 12 genotypes of H. tuberosus and interspecific hybrids of Heliatzthus annuus L. x H. tuberosus. Five cold exposures (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks at 2 degrees C), three plant hormones (ethylene, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid), and one untreated control were examined. Gibberellic acid was the best chemical treatment, initiating plant growth within 6.5 to 11.5 days in the majority of genotypes tested. The best cold treatment was exposure to 2 degrees C for 8 weeks, where plant growth began 63.6 to 67.5 days after treatment initiation. Although longer cold treatments shortened the time to emergence while in the greenhouse, the penalty of the long cold treatment per se was too long to be useful. The gibberellic acid treatment strategy described here may not need further optimization, because it is short enough to allow for two growth cycles of H. tuberosus per year. C1 [Kantar, Michael; Betts, Kevin; Stupar, Robert M.; Wyse, Donald] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hulke, Brent S.] ARS, USDA ARS No Crops Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Kantar, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kant0063@umn.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 2012 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1342 EP 1346 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009NQ UT WOS:000309032900025 ER PT J AU Gao, M Niu, J Zhao, SP Jiao, C Xu, WR Fei, ZJ Wang, XP AF Gao, Min Niu, Jiao Zhao, Suping Jiao, Chen Xu, Weirong Fei, Zhangjun Wang, Xiping TI Characterization of Erysiphe necator-Responsive Genes in Chinese Wild Vitis quinquangularis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis; Erysiphe necator; SSH; EST; qRT-PCR ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MILDEW INFECTION; RESISTANCE GENE; DOWNY MILDEW; GRAPEVINE; DEFENSE; EXPRESSION; THAUMATIN; PLANTS AB Powdery mildew (PM), caused by fungus Erysiphe necator, is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine. To better understand grapevine-PM interaction and provide candidate resources for grapevine breeding, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed from E. necator-infected leaves of a resistant Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis clone "Shang-24". A total of 492 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained and assembled into 266 unigenes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that 188 unigenes could be assigned with at least one GO term in the biological process category, and 176 in the molecular function category. Sequence analysis showed that a large number of these genes were homologous to those involved in defense responses. Genes involved in metabolism, photosynthesis, transport and signal transduction were also enriched in the library. Expression analysis of 13 selected genes by qRT-PCR revealed that most were induced more quickly and intensely in the resistant material "Shang-24" than in the sensitive V. pseudoreticulata clone "Hunan-1" by E. necator infection. The ESTs reported here provide new clues to understand the disease-resistance mechanism in Chinese wild grapevine species and may enable us to investigate E. necator-responsive genes involved in PM resistance in grapevine germplasm. C1 [Gao, Min; Niu, Jiao; Zhao, Suping; Jiao, Chen; Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, Minist Agr, Coll Hort, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol & Germplasm Innovat NW Ch, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Gao, Min; Niu, Jiao; Zhao, Suping; Jiao, Chen; Wang, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Xu, Weirong] Ningxia Univ, Sch Agr, Ningxia 750021, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Minist Agr, Coll Hort, Key Lab Hort Plant Biol & Germplasm Innovat NW Ch, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM gaomin.001@163.com; niujiao.2009@163.com; bashijiu@163.com; dd_race@sohu.com; xwr9320@163.com; zf25@cornell.edu; wangxiping@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31071782, 30871701]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-07-0702] FX The authors thank Rudolf Eibach for a critical review of this manuscript and Robert Langan for proofreading. This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31071782, 30871701) Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-07-0702). NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-6596 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 13 IS 9 BP 11497 EP 11519 DI 10.3390/ijms130911497 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 012YN UT WOS:000309272700053 PM 23109867 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Del Grosso, SJ AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Del Grosso, Stephen J. TI Nitrogen Source and Placement Effects on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from No-Till Corn SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUXES; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N2O EMISSIONS; FERTILIZERS; MANAGEMENT; ECONOMICS; AMMONIA AB A nitrogen (N) source comparison study was conducted to further evaluate the effects of inorganic N source and placement on growing-season and non-crop period soil nitrous oxide (N2O). Commercially available controlled-release N fertilizers were evaluated for their potential to reduce N2O emissions from a clay loam soil compared with conventionally used granular urea and urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizers in an irrigated no-till (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) production system. Controlled-release N fertilizers evaluated were: a polymer-coated urea (ESN), stabilized urea (SuperU), and UAN+AgrotainPlus (SuperU and AgrotainPlus contain nitrification and urease inhibitors). Each N source was surface band applied (202 kg N ha(-1)) near the corn row at emergence and watered into the soil the next day. Subsurface banded ESN (ESNssb) and check (no N applied) treatments were included. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during two growing seasons and aft er harvest using static, vented chambers. All N sources had significantly lower growing-season N2O emissions than granular urea (0.7% of applied N), with UAN+AgrotainPlus (0.2% of applied N) and ESN (0.3% of applied N) having lower emissions than UAN (0.4% of applied N). Similar trends were observed when expressing N2O emissions on a grain yield and N uptake basis. Corn grain yields were not different among N sources but were greater than the check. Selection of N fertilizer source can be a mitigation practice for reducing N2O emissions in NT, irrigated corn in semiarid areas. In our study, UAN+AgrotainPlus consistently had the lowest level of N2O emissions with no yield loss. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.; Del Grosso, Stephen J.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Ste 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov FU International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research; Agrium Inc., Calgary, Alberta; Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO; Fluid Fertilizer Foundation; ARS GRACEnet project FX The authors thank B. Floyd, R. D'Adamo, P. Norris, M. Smith, K. Nichols, M. Carey, and M. Reyes-Fox for their technical assistance and the International Plant Nutrition Institute's Foundation for Agronomic Research (with support from Agrium Inc., Calgary, Alberta and Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO); Fluid Fertilizer Foundation; and ARS GRACEnet project for supporting this study. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 77 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1349 EP 1360 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0129 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700001 PM 23099926 ER PT J AU Zheng, JY Stewart, CE Cotrufo, MF AF Zheng, Jiyong Stewart, Catherine E. Cotrufo, M. Francesca TI Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Alters Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Two Temperate Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; OXIDE EMISSIONS; N2O EMISSIONS; PASTURE SOIL; BLACK CARBON; CHARCOAL; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; RETENTION; PYROLYSIS AB Biochar (BC) application to agricultural soils could potentially sequester recalcitrant C, increase N retention, increase water holding capacity, and decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biochar addition to soils can alter soil N cycling and in some cases decrease extractable mineral N (NO3- and NH4+) and N2O emissions. These benefits are not uniformly observed across varying soil types, N fertilization, and BC properties. To determine the effects of BC addition on N retention and GHG flux, we added two sizes (>250 and <250 mu m) of oak-derived BC (10% w/w) to two soils (aridic Argiustoll and aquic Haplustoll) with and without N fertilizer and measured extractable NO3- and NH4+ and GHG efflux (N2O, CO2, and CH4) in a 123-d laboratory incubation. Biochar had no effect on NO3-, NH4+, or N2O in the unfertilized treatments of either soil. Biochar decreased cumulative extractable NO3- in N fertilized treatments by 8% but had mixed effects on NH4+. Greenhouse gas efflux differed substantially between the two soils, but generally with N fertilizer BC addition decreased N2O 3 to 60%, increased CO2 10 to 21%, and increased CH4 emissions 5 to 72%. Soil pH and total treatment N (soil + fertilizer + BC) predicted soil N2O flux well across these two different soils. Expressed as CO2 equivalents, BC significantly reduced GHG emissions only in the N-fertilized silt loam by decreasing N2O flux. In unfertilized soils, CO2 was the dominant GHG component, and the direction of the flux was mediated by positive or negative BC effects on soil CO2 flux. On the basis of our data, the use of BC appears to be an effective management strategy to reduce N leaching and GHG emissions, particularly in neutral to acidic soils with high N content. C1 [Stewart, Catherine E.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zheng, Jiyong] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Cotrufo, M. Francesca] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cotrufo, M. Francesca] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stewart, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Suite 100,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM catherine.stewart@ars.usda.gov RI Cotrufo, M. Francesca/C-1614-2013; OI Cotrufo, M. Francesca/0000-0002-6191-8953; Stewart, Catherine/0000-0003-1216-0450 FU USDA-ARS GRACEnet; CSU Clean Energy Supercluster; Warner College of Natural Resources; China Science Fund [41071195] FX The authors thank Dr. Kim Magrini at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for providing the biochar and M. Smith, M. Reyes-Fox, M. Carey, and K. Nichols for assistance with GC analyses. Funding was provided by USDA-ARS GRACEnet, CSU Clean Energy Supercluster, the Warner College of Natural Resources, and the China Science Fund(41071195). NR 51 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 174 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1361 EP 1370 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0019 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700002 PM 23099927 ER PT J AU Weaver, KH Harper, LA Brown, SM AF Weaver, Kim H. Harper, Lowry A. Brown, Sarah M. TI Effects on Carbon and Nitrogen Emissions due to Swine Manure Removal for Biofuel Production SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRACE GAS CONCENTRATIONS; TO-AIR EMISSIONS; RICE FIELD SOIL; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; TEMPERATURE; LAGOONS; DINITROGEN; COMMUNITY; METHANE AB Methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) are emitted from swine-manure processing lagoons, contributing to global climate change and reducing air quality. Manure diverted to biofuel production is proposed as a means to reduce CH4 emissions. At a swine confined animal feeding operation in the U. S. Central Great Basin, animal manure was diverted from 12 farms to a biofuel facility and converted to methanol. Ammonia emissions were determined using the De Visscher Model from measured data of dissolved lagoon ammoniacal N concentrations, pH, temperature, and wind speed at the lagoon sites. Other lagoon gas emissions were measured with subsurface gas collection devices and gas chromatography analysis. During 2 yr of study, CO2 and CH4 emissions from the primary lagoons decreased 11 and 12%, respectfully, as a result of the biofuel process, compared with concurrently measured control lagoon emissions. Ammonia emissions increased 47% compared with control lagoons. The reduction of CH4 and increase in NH3 emissions agrees with a short-term study measured at this location by Lagrangian inverse dispersion analysis. The increase in NH3 emissions was primarily due to an increase in lagoon solution pH attributable to decreased methanogenesis. Also observed due to biofuel production was a 20% decrease in conversion of total ammoniacal N to N-2, a secondary process for the removal of N in anaerobic waste lagoons. The increase in NH3 emissions can be partially attributed to the decrease in N-2 production by a proposed NH4+ conversion to N-2 mechanism. This mechanism predicts that a decrease in NH4+ conversion to N-2 increases ammoniacal N pH. Both effects increase NH3 emissions. It is unknown whether the decrease in NH4+ conversion to N-2 is a direct or physical result of the decrease in methanogenesis. Procedures and practices intended to reduce emissions of one pollutant can have an unintended consequence on the emissions of another pollutant. C1 [Weaver, Kim H.] So Utah Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. [Harper, Lowry A.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Brown, Sarah M.] So Utah Univ, Dept Math, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. RP Weaver, KH (reprint author), So Utah Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. EM weaver@suu.edu FU USDA-ARS Global Climate Change Program; Smithfield Foods; faculty development grant from SUU FX The authors thank USDA project technical assistants M.A. Thorton and J.E. Scarbrough and SUU undergraduate assistants C. Holyoak and K.M. Shumway (deceased) who made this work possible. This project was funded by the USDA-ARS Global Climate Change Program, Smithfield Foods, and a faculty development grant from SUU. Special thanks are also extended to the host swine producers and their hospitality during the study. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1382 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0374 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700003 PM 23099928 ER PT J AU Loague, K Blanke, JS Mills, MB Diaz-Diaz, R Corwin, DL AF Loague, Keith Blanke, James S. Mills, Melissa B. Diaz-Diaz, Ricardo Corwin, Dennis L. TI Data Related Uncertainty in Near-Surface Vulnerability Assessments for Agrochemicals in the San Joaquin Valley SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DBCP GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; CASE-STUDY SIMULATION; FRESNO COUNTY; CALIFORNIA; IMPACT; PESTICIDES; HAWAII; SUBSURFACE; TENERIFE; WATER AB Precious groundwater resources across the United States have been contaminated due to decades-long nonpoint-source applications of agricultural chemicals. Assessing the impact of past, ongoing, and future chemical applications for large-scale agriculture operations is timely for designing best-management practices to prevent subsurface pollution. Presented here are the results from a series of regional-scale vulnerability assessments for the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Two relatively simple indices, the retardation and attenuation factors, are used to estimate near-surface vulnerabilities based on the chemical properties of 32 pesticides and the variability of both soil characteristics and recharge rates across the SJV. The uncertainties inherit to these assessments, derived from the uncertainties within the chemical and soil data bases, are estimated using first-order analyses. The results are used to screen and rank the chemicals based on mobility and leaching potential, without and with consideration of data-related uncertainties. Chemicals of historic high visibility in the SJV (e. g., atrazine, DBCP [dibromochloropropane], ethylene dibromide, and simazine) are ranked in the top half of those considered. Vulnerability maps generated for atrazine and DBCP, featured for their legacy status in the study area, clearly illustrate variations within and across the assessments. For example, the leaching potential is greater for DBCP than for atrazine, the leaching potential for DBCP is greater for the spatially variable recharge values than for the average recharge rate, and the leaching potentials for both DBCP and atrazine are greater for the annual recharge estimates than for the monthly recharge estimates. The data-related uncertainties identified in this study can be significant, targeting opportunities for improving future vulnerability assessments. C1 [Loague, Keith] Stanford Univ, Dep Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Blanke, James S.] RMC Water & Environm, Sacramento, CA USA. [Mills, Melissa B.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Diaz-Diaz, Ricardo] Inst Tecnol Canarias, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. [Corwin, Dennis L.] USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Loague, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dep Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kloague@stanford.edu FU School of Earth Sciences at Stanford University FX The effort reported here, conducted several years ago when all of the authors were on the Stanford farm, was motivated by the first author's early collaborations with Dick Green in Hawaii almost thirty years ago. Dennis Corwin gratefully acknowledges a Cox Visiting Professor Fellowship awarded by the School of Earth Sciences at Stanford University during the 2000-2001 academic year. This effort was a contribution of the now defunct Center for Earth Science Information Research (CESIR). NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1427 EP 1436 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0443 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700008 PM 23099933 ER PT J AU Williams, CF McLain, JET AF Williams, C. F. McLain, J. E. T. TI Soil Persistence and Fate of Carbamazepine, Lincomycin, Caffeine, and Ibuprofen from Wastewater Reuse SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRACE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUIFER TREATMENT SAT; PHARMACEUTICAL RESIDUES; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; BANK FILTRATION; ENVIRONMENT; ATTENUATION; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT AB The reuse of treated wastewater for groundwater recharge is an effective way to provide advanced treatment and water storage. Contaminants such as human drugs have been identified as a potential problem for use of this water. Gilbert, Arizona maintains a 28.3-ha facility designed to recharge 15,150 m(3) d(-1) through recharge basins constructed on native soil. The facility averages an infiltration rate of > 5 cm d(-1), resulting in the potential of pharmaceutical compounds leaching to groundwater. One 4-ha basin was selected for spatial sampling of four pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs). The compounds were carbamazepine, lincomycin, ibuprofen, and caffeine. Soils were extracted and analyzed using pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. The concentration of ibuprofen was below detection limits in all samples. Lincomycin exhibited no net accumulation from year to year but had significantly higher concentrations from depths of 0 to 5 cm than from depths > 10 cm. Carbamazepine had the lowest concentration at 0 to 5 cm (0.18 ng g soil(-1)), providing evidence that there is potential degradation of carbamazepine in surface soils. Carbamazepine also exhibited significant accumulation from year to year. Caffeine exhibited net accumulation and had higher concentrations in surface samples. The accumulation of PhACs in the soil beneath recharge basins indicates that PhACs are being removed from the infiltrating water and that, regarding ibuprofen and lincomycin, the treatment is sustainable due to the lack of accumulation. Regarding carbamazepine and caffeine, further investigations are needed to determine possible management and environmental conditions that could prevent accumulation. C1 [Williams, C. F.; McLain, J. E. T.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM clinton.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 82 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1473 EP 1480 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0353 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700013 PM 23099938 ER PT J AU Helmers, MJ Zhou, XB Asbjornsen, H Kolka, R Tomer, MD Cruse, RM AF Helmers, Matthew J. Zhou, Xiaobo Asbjornsen, Heidi Kolka, Randy Tomer, Mark D. Cruse, Richard M. TI Sediment Removal by Prairie Filter Strips in Row-Cropped Ephemeral Watersheds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; VEGETATIVE FILTER; CONCENTRATED FLOW; SOIL-EROSION; GRASS HEDGES; BUFFERS; RUNOFF; TIME; INFILTRATION; PERFORMANCE AB Twelve small watersheds in central Iowa were used to evaluate the effectiveness of prairie filter strips (PFS) in trapping sediment from agricultural runoff. Four treatments with PFS of different size and location (100% rowcrop, 10% PFS of total watershed area at footslope, 10% PFS at footslope and in contour strips, 20% PFS at footslope and in contour strips) arranged in a balanced incomplete block design were seeded in July 2007. All watersheds were in bromegrass (Bromus L.) for at least 10 yr before treatment establishment. Cropped areas were managed under a no-till, 2-yr corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] rotation beginning in 2007. About 38 to 85% of the total sediment export from cropland occurred during the early growth stage of rowcrop due to wet field conditions and poor ground cover. The greatest sediment load was observed in 2008 due to the initial soil disturbance and gradually decreased thereafter. The mean annual sediment yield through 2010 was 0.36 and 8.30 Mg ha(-1) for the watersheds with and without PFS, respectively, a 96% sediment trapping efficiency for the 4-yr study period. The amount and distribution of PFS had no significant impact on runoff and sediment yield, probably due to the relatively large width (37-78 m) of footslope PFS. The findings suggest that incorporation of PFS at the footslope position of annual rowcrop systems provides an effective approach to reducing sediment loss in runoff from agricultural watersheds under a no-till system. C1 [Helmers, Matthew J.; Zhou, Xiaobo] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Asbjornsen, Heidi] Univ New Hampshire, Dep Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kolka, Randy] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Tomer, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cruse, Richard M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhou, XB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xzhou@iastate.edu FU Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture; Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship; USDA North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program; USDA-AFRI Managed Ecosystems program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, USDA North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program, and USDA-AFRI Managed Ecosystems program. We would like to thank Pauline Drobney and the staff at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge for their support of this project. We would also like to thank the ecohydrology group at Iowa State University for helping collect data in the field. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1539 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0473 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700020 PM 23099945 ER PT J AU Jayasinghe, S Miller, D Hatfield, JL AF Jayasinghe, Sampath Miller, David Hatfield, Jerry L. TI Evaluation of Variation in Nitrate Concentration Levels in the Raccoon River Watershed in Iowa SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; BASEFLOW; HYPOXIA AB The Raccoon River Watershed in Iowa has received considerable attention in the recent past due to frequent detections of nitrate concentrations above the federal drinking water standard. This paper econometrically investigates the determinants of variation of nitrate concentrations in the Raccoon River. The analysis relies on a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic process to model the serial dependence of volatility of the monthly nitrate concentrations in the Raccoon River. Monthly nitrate concentration data from Des Moines Water Works at Van Meter from 1992 to 2008 are used in the study. We found no statistically significant increasing trend in nitrate concentrations over the study period. There are substantial intra-annual variations in nitrate concentrations, and we noted a very strong seasonal pattern. Variations in rainfall and temperature contribute more to the monthly variation in nitrate concentration than do the changes in nitrogen application rates. C1 [Jayasinghe, Sampath] Decis Innovat Solut, Urbandale, IA 50322 USA. [Miller, David] Iowa Farm Bur Federat, Res Serv, Des Moines, IA 50266 USA. [Miller, David] Iowa Farm Bur Federat, Commod Serv, Des Moines, IA 50266 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jayasinghe, S (reprint author), Decis Innovat Solut, 3315 109th St,Suite B, Urbandale, IA 50322 USA. EM sampath@decision-innovation.com NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1557 EP 1565 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0301 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700023 PM 23099948 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Moffet, CA Lewis, GS Seyfried, MS Hardegree, SP Pierson, FB AF Clark, Patrick E. Moffet, Corey A. Lewis, Gregory S. Seyfried, Mark S. Hardegree, Stuart P. Pierson, Fredrick B. TI Water Quality Effects of Herded Stream Crossings by Domestic Sheep Bands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INCREASED SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL-COLIFORM; FRESH-WATER; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; RIPARIAN AREAS; CATTLE USE; NEW-MEXICO; IMPACTS AB Livestock impacts on total suspended solids (TSS) and pathogen (e. g., Escherichia coli) levels in rangeland streams are a serious concern worldwide. Herded stream crossings by domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are periodic, necessary managerial events on high-elevation rangelands, but their impacts on stream water quality are largely unknown. We evaluated the effects of herded, one-way crossings by sheep bands (about 2000 individuals) on TSS and E. coli concentration and load responses in downstream waters. Crossing trials were conducted during the summers of 2005 and 2006 on two reaches within each of three perennial streams in the Centennial Mountains of eastern Idaho and southwestern Montana. Water samples were collected at 2-min intervals at an upstream background station and at stations 25, 100, 500, and 1500 m downstream just before and during each crossing trial. Crossings produced substantial increases in TSS and E. coli concentrations and loads downstream, but these concentration increases were localized and short lived. Maximum TSS concentration was highest 25 m downstream, declined as a function of downstream distance, and at 500 m downstream was similar to background. Post-peak TSS concentrations at all downstream stations decreased to <25 mg L-1 within 24 to 48 min aft er reaching their maxima. Findings for E. coli concentration and load responses were similar to that of TSS but less clear cut. Stream-crossing sheep do affect water quality; therefore, producers and resource managers should continue to evaluate the efficacy of herdsmanship techniques for reducing water quality impact. C1 [Clark, Patrick E.; Seyfried, Mark S.; Hardegree, Stuart P.; Pierson, Fredrick B.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Moffet, Corey A.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Lewis, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 E Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM pat.clark@ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Research was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of the other products that also may be suitable. Assigned to Associate Editor John Brooks. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1580 EP 1590 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700025 PM 23099950 ER PT J AU Jokela, WE Coblentz, WK Hoffman, PC AF Jokela, William E. Coblentz, Wayne K. Hoffman, Patrick C. TI Dairy Heifer Manure Management, Dietary Phosphorus, and Soil Test P Effects on Runoff Phosphorus SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; LAND-APPLIED MANURE; SURFACE RUNOFF; RAINFALL-RUNOFF; SEDIMENT LOSSES; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; WATER; PERFORMANCE; FERTILIZER AB Manure application to cropland can contribute to runoff losses of P and eutrophication of surface waters. We conducted a series of three rainfall simulation experiments to assess the effects of dairy heifer dietary P, manure application method, application rate, and soil test P on runoff P losses from two successive simulated rainfall events. Bedded manure (18-21% solids) from dairy heifers fed diets with or without supplemental P was applied on a silt loam soil packed into 1- by 0.2-m sheet metal pans. Manure was either surface-applied or incorporated (Experiment 1) or surface-applied at two rates (Experiment 2) to supply 26 to 63 kg P ha(-1). Experiment 3 evaluated runoff P from four similar nonmanured soils with average Bray P1-extractable P levels of 11, 29, 51, and 75 mg kg(-1). We measured runoff quantity, total P (TP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total and volatile solids in runoff collected for 30 min aft er runoff initiation from two simulated rain events (70 mm h(-1)) 3 or 4 d apart. Manure incorporation reduced TP and DRP concentrations and load by 85 to 90% compared with surface application. Doubling the manure rate increased runoff DRP and TP concentrations an average of 36%. In the same experiment, P diet supplementation increased water-extractable P in manure by 100% and increased runoff DRP concentration threefold. Concentrations of solids, TP, and DRP in runoff from Rain 2 were 25 to 75% lower than from Rain 1 in Experiments 1 and 2. Runoff DRP from nonmanured soils increased quadratically with increasing soil test P. These results show that large reductions in P runoff losses can be achieved by incorporation of manure, avoiding unnecessary diet P supplementation, limiting manure application rate, and managing soils to prevent excessive soil test P levels. C1 [Jokela, William E.; Coblentz, Wayne K.] USDA ARS, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Res U, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI USA. [Hoffman, Patrick C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Dairy Sci, Marshfield, WI USA. RP Jokela, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Res U, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 2615 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI USA. EM bill.jokela@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1600 EP 1611 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0046 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700027 PM 23099952 ER PT J AU Sen, S Srivastava, P Vadas, PA Kalin, L AF Sen, Sumit Srivastava, Puneet Vadas, Peter A. Kalin, Latif TI Watershed-level Comparison of Predictability and Sensitivity of Two Phosphorus Models SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-APPLIED MANURES; LITTER APPLICATION RATE; POULTRY-LITTER; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; FIELD PLOTS; SWAT MODEL; NITROGEN; SOIL; LOSSES AB Buildup of phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils and transport of P to nearby surface waters due to excessive, long-term application of poultry litter is an environmental concern in many poultry-producing states. Watershed models are oft en used to quantify soil and water quality impacts of poultry litter applications. However, depending on how P transport is simulated in watershed models, the anticipated impact could be quite different. The objective of this study was to determine the predictability and sensitivity of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) P model and a newly developed, state-of-the-art manure P model called SurPhos in a poultry litter-applied pasture watershed. A small, predominantly agricultural watershed in Randolph County, Alabama was used for this study. The SWAT model, calibrated for surface runoff and total stream flows (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.70 for both), was used to provide runoff inputs to the SurPhos model. Total dissolved P (TDP) exports simulated by the SWAT P and SurPhos models from the hay hydrological response units of the watershed were compared for different poultry litter application rates and different initial soil Solution P levels. Both models showed sensitivity to poultry litter application rates, with SWAT simulating linear and SurPhos simulating nonlinear increases in TDP exports with increase in poultry litter application rates. SWAT showed greater sensitivity to initial soil Solution P levels, which can lead to overestimation of TDP exports, especially at low poultry litter application rates. As opposed to the SurPhos model simulations and contrary to recent studies, SWAT simulated excessive accumulation of Solution P in the top 10 mm of soil. Because SurPhos appears to simulate P transport and build-up processes from manure-applied areas more accurately, this study suggests that SWAT be replaced by SurPhos to more accurately determine watershed-level effectiveness of P management measures. C1 [Sen, Sumit] Indian Inst Technol, Dep Hydrol, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India. [Srivastava, Puneet] Auburn Univ, Dep Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Vadas, Peter A.] USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kalin, Latif] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sen, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dep Hydrol, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India. EM sensumi@auburn.edu RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1642 EP 1652 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0242 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700031 PM 23099956 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC Abrams, SR De Stefano-Beltran, L Huckle, LL AF Suttle, Jeffrey C. Abrams, Suzanne R. De Stefano-Beltran, Luis Huckle, Linda L. TI Chemical inhibition of potato ABA-8'-hydroxylase activity alters in vitro and in vivo ABA metabolism and endogenous ABA levels but does not affect potato microtuber dormancy duration SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ABA; ABA-8'-hydroxylase; abscisic acid; dormancy; microtuber; mixed-function oxidase; P450; potato; Solanum tuberosum L; ABA ID (+)-ABSCISIC ACID 8'-HYDROXYLASE; ABSCISIC-ACID; TUBER DORMANCY; SPROUT GROWTH; ARABIDOPSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CATABOLISM; EXPRESSION; STORAGE; GENES AB The effects of azole-type P450 inhibitors and two metabolism-resistant abscisic acid (ABA) analogues on in vitro ABA-8'-hydroxylase activity, in planta ABA metabolism, endogenous ABA content, and tuber meristem dormancy duration were examined in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank). When functionally expressed in yeast, three potato CYP707A genes were demonstrated to encode enzymatically active ABA-8'-hydroxylases with micromolar affinities for (+)-ABA. The in vitro activity of the three enzymes was inhibited by the P450 azole-type inhibitors ancymidol, paclobutrazol, diniconazole, and tetcyclasis, and by the 8'-acetylene- and 8'-methylene-ABA analogues, with diniconazole and tetcyclasis being the most potent inhibitors. The in planta metabolism of [H-3]()-ABA to phaseic acid and dihydrophaseic acid in tuber meristems was inhibited by diniconazole, tetcyclasis, and to a lesser extent by 8'-acetylene- and 8'-methylene-ABA. Continuous exposure of in vitro generated microtubers to diniconazole resulted in a 2-fold increase in endogenous ABA content and a decline in dihydrophaseic acid content after 9 weeks of development. Similar treatment with 8'-acetylene-ABA had no effects on the endogenous contents of ABA or phaseic acid but reduced the content of dihydrophaseic acid. Tuber meristem dormancy progression was determined ex vitro in control, diniconazole-, and 8'-acetylene-ABA-treated microtubers following harvest. Continuous exposure to diniconazole during microtuber development had no effects on subsequent sprouting at any time point. Continuous exposure to 8'-acetylene-ABA significantly increased the rate of microtuber sprouting. The results indicate that, although a decrease in ABA content is a hallmark of tuber dormancy progression, the decline in ABA levels is not a prerequisite for dormancy exit and the onset of tuber sprouting. C1 [Suttle, Jeffrey C.; De Stefano-Beltran, Luis; Huckle, Linda L.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Abrams, Suzanne R.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM jeff.suttle@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 63 IS 15 BP 5717 EP 5725 DI 10.1093/jxb/ers146 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 011CD UT WOS:000309140100028 PM 22664582 ER PT J AU Walls, M Moser, WK AF Walls, Matthew Moser, W. Keith TI Management and Policy Implications SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREST HEALTH; CALIFORNIA C1 [Walls, Matthew] Soc Amer Foresters, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Moser, W. Keith] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Walls, M (reprint author), Soc Amer Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM wallsm@safnet.org; moserk@safnet.org NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 110 IS 6 BP 297 EP 297 DI 10.5849/jof.12-915 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 009IK UT WOS:000309019300001 ER PT J AU Snyder, SA Butler, BJ AF Snyder, Stephanie A. Butler, Brett J. TI A National Assessment of Public Recreational Access on Family Forest lands in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE family forests; National Woodland Owner Survey; nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF); posting; public access ID RURAL LANDOWNERS; PRIVATE LAND; EAST TEXAS; POLICIES; IMPACT AB Private forestlands in the United States are important for public recreation, but access to them may be threatened. Using the US Forest Service's National Woodland Owner Survey, we examined the following questions: (1) How prevalent is public recreational access on family forestland? (2) What influences whether a family forest owner allows public access? (3) Are there regional differences in the supply of public access? We found the provision of public access was modest, with 15% of respondents allowing it. Factors positively correlated with public access provision included owning more forestland, being a resident owner, owning an associated farm/ranch, participating in leasing or timber management activities, possessing a management plan, and allowing private recreational access. Negative factors included posting one's land, having privacy concerns, owning land for hunting, and being an older or more educated owner. Compared with landowners in the North, Southern landowners were less likely and Rocky Mountain landowners more likely to provide public access. Our results raise the question of whether family forest landowners are responsive to public access incentive programs. C1 [Snyder, Stephanie A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Butler, Brett J.] US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Snyder, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; bbutler01@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX This research was supported by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 110 IS 6 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.5849/jof.11-090 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 009IK UT WOS:000309019300006 ER PT J AU Jin, S Chen, ZM Backus, EA Sun, XL Xiao, B AF Jin, Shan Chen, Zong M. Backus, Elaine A. Sun, Xiao L. Xiao, Bin TI Characterization of EPG waveforms for the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Gothe (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), on tea plants and their correlation with stylet activities SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Empoasca vitis; Waveform of electrical penetration graph; Probing behaviors; Stylet activities ID ELECTRICAL PENETRATION GRAPHS; SOYBEAN APHID HEMIPTERA; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; CIRCULIFER-TENELLUS; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; PROBING ACTIVITIES; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; MYZUS-PERSICAE AB The stylet probing activities of the tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Gothe (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were studied using the DC electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Seven different EPG waveforms (i.e., Np, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 and E6) were distinguished and characterized on susceptible tea leaves. In addition, four of them (i.e., Np, E1, E2, E3), together accounting for 97.08% of the total recording time, were behaviorally correlated with probing and non-probing activities using artificial diet observation with high-magnification video recording. At the start of stylet probing, waveform El always occurred at a variable voltage. E1, with all three of its waveform sub-types (E1-A to E1-C), was correlated with production of the salivary sheath trunk, stylet laceration, and channel cutting in viscous artificial diet. Afterwards, two types of high-amplitude waveforms, E2 and E3, followed. E2 had a highly regular, quasi-square wave, repetitive appearance, and lasted the longest duration of all E. vitis probing waveforms. E3 usually appeared after E2, and also exhibited a quasi-square wave feature similar to E2, but had much higher amplitude. Both waveforms E2 and E3 were correlated with active ingestion in liquid artificial diet. In addition, secretion of watery, enzymatic saliva was likely during E2. The active stylet movements and channel-cutting observed during the probing process indicate that E. vitis is a cell rupture feeder, not a salivary sheath feeder, as aphids and other leafhoppers. Thus, hopperburn damage to the tea plant is probably due to the cell rupture feeding strategy, similar to other hopperburning Empoasca species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Zong M.; Sun, Xiao L.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Tea Res Inst, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Jin, Shan; Chen, Zong M.; Xiao, Bin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Backus, Elaine A.] USDA Agr Res Serv, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Chen, ZM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Tea Res Inst, 9 Meiling Rd, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM zmchen2006@163.com; xiaobin2093@sohu.com FU National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) [2012CB114104]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31171862]; Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System [CARS-23]; Division of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province [2011C22043] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. W. Freddy Tjallingii, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands (retired), for teaching the senior author how to do EPG, and for many helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We also thank Xiao-Ming Cai, Guo-Chang Wang, Lei Bian, and Wen-Xia Dong, who worked in our group, for giving their hands in the experiments when we needed. The study was sponsored by National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) (2012CB114104), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171862), Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CARS-23), and the Division of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (2011C22043). NR 60 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1235 EP 1244 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.06.008 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 005DG UT WOS:000308730100008 PM 22750027 ER PT J AU Leyte-Lugo, M Gonzalez-Andrade, M Gonzalez, MD Glenn, AE Cerda-Garcia-Rojas, CM Mata, R AF Leyte-Lugo, Martha Gonzalez-Andrade, Martin del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria Glenn, Anthony E. Cerda-Garcia-Rojas, Carlos M. Mata, Rachel TI (+)-Ascosalitoxin and Vermelhotin, a Calmodulin Inhibitor, from an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Hintonia latiflora SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; DOCKING; TOOL AB Chemical investigation of the endophytic MEXU 26343, isolated from the medicinal plant Hintonia latiflora, yielded the known polyketide vermelhotin (1) and a new salicylic aldehyde derivative, namely, 9S,11R-(+)-ascosalitoxin (2). The structure and absolute configuration of the new compound were established through extensive NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling calculations at the DFT B3LYP/DGDZVP level, which included the comparison between theoretical and experimental optical rotation values. In addition, chemical transformations of 2 yielded suitable derivatives for NOESY and H-1-H-1 NMR coupling constant analyses, which reinforce the stereochemical assignment. The potential affinity of 1 and 2 with (Ca2+)(4)-hCaM in solution was measured using the fluorescent biosensor hCaM M124C-mBBr. The results showed that 1 bound to the protein with a dissociation constant (K-d) of 0.25 +/- 0.04 mu M, close to that of chlorpromazine (K-d = 0.64 +/- 0.03 mu M), a classical CaM inhibitor. The stoichiometry ratio of 1 to (Ca2+)(4)-hCaM was 1:4, similar to other well-known CaM ligands. C1 [Cerda-Garcia-Rojas, Carlos M.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Quim, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. [Leyte-Lugo, Martha; Gonzalez-Andrade, Martin; Mata, Rachel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Glenn, Anthony E.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cerda-Garcia-Rojas, CM (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Quim, Apartado 14-740, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. EM ccerda@cinvestav.mx; rachel@servidor.unam.mx RI PEREZ, ARACELI/D-8668-2012; Mata, Rachel/I-4435-2014 OI Mata, Rachel/0000-0002-2861-2768 FU CONACyT [99395]; CONACyT FX This work was supported by grants from CONACyT (99395). We thank G. Duarte, M. Guzman, N. Esturau, M. Gutierrez, I. Rivero, and A. Perez for their valuable technical assistance. M.L.-L. acknowledges a fellowship from CONACyT. We are indebted to Direccion General de Servicios de Computo Academico (DGSCA), UNAM, for providing the resources to carry out computational calculations through the KanBalam System. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1571 EP 1577 DI 10.1021/np300327y PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 011XO UT WOS:000309199800009 PM 22924467 ER PT J AU Clifford, AJ Chen, KH McWade, L Rincon, G Kim, SH Holstege, DM Owens, JE Liu, BT Muller, HG Medrano, JE Fadel, JG Moshfegh, AJ Baer, DJ Novotny, JA AF Clifford, Andrew J. Chen, Kehui McWade, Laura Rincon, Gonzalo Kim, Seung-Hyun Holstege, Dirk M. Owens, Janel E. Liu, Bitao Mueller, Hans-Georg Medrano, Juan E. Fadel, James G. Moshfegh, Alanna J. Baer, David J. Novotny, Janet A. TI Gender and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MTHFR, BHMT, SPTLC1, CRBP2, CETP, and SCARB1 Are Significant Predictors of Plasma Homocysteine Normalized by RBC Folate in Healthy Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR BI; NEUROPATHY TYPE-I; RISK-FACTOR; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; BETAINE-HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE AB Using linear regression models, we studied the main and 2-way interaction effects of the predictor variables gender, age, BMI, and 64 folate/vitamin B-12/homocysteine (Hcy)/lipicVcholesterol-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on log-transformed plasma Hcy normalized by RBC folate measurements (nHcy) in 373 healthy Caucasian adults (50% women). Variable selection was conducted by stepwise Akaike information criterion or least angle regression and both methods led to the same final model. Significant predictors (where Pvalues were adjusted for false discovery rate) included type of blood sample [whole blood (WB) vs. plasma-depleted WB; P< 0.0011 used for folate analysis, gender (P< 0.001), and SNP in genes SPTLC1(rs11790991; P= 0.040), CRBP2(rs2118981; P< 0.001), BHMT (rs3733890; P = 0.0191, and CETP (rs5882; P = 0.017). Significant 2-way interaction effects included gender x MTHFR (rs1801131; P = 0.012), gender x CRBP2 Irs2118981; P= 0.0111, and gender x SCARB1 (rs83882; P= 0.003). The relation of nHcy concentrations with the significant SNP (SPTLC1, BHMT, CETP, CRBP2, MTHFR, and SCARB1) is of interest, especially because we surveyed the main and interaction effects in healthy adults, but it is an important area for future study. As discussed, understanding Hcy and genetic regulation is important, because Hcy may be related to inflammation, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. We conclude that gender and SNP significantly affect nHcy. J. Nutr. 142: 1764-1771, 2012. C1 [Clifford, Andrew J.; Kim, Seung-Hyun; Owens, Janel E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, Kehui; Mueller, Hans-Georg] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McWade, Laura] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rincon, Gonzalo; Medrano, Juan E.; Fadel, James G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holstege, Dirk M.] Univ Calif Davis, Analyt Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Owens, Janel E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Liu, Bitao] Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Moshfegh, Alanna J.] USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Baer, David J.; Novotny, Janet A.] USDA, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Clifford, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Rincon, Gonzalo/0000-0002-6149-9103 FU NIH [DK 45939]; CDC [RO1 8928]; National Science Foundation; Regional Research Grant [W2002]; USDA [CA-D*-NTR-7778-H] FX Supported by grant no. DK 45939 from the NIH, grant/cooperative agreement no. RO1 8928 from the CDC, the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and Regional Research Grant no. W2002, project no. CA-D*-NTR-7778-H from the USDA. The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH, CDC, National Science Foundation, or USDA. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 142 IS 9 BP 1764 EP 1771 DI 10.3945/jn.112.160333 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 994CF UT WOS:000307907800021 PM 22833659 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, A Wu, RTY Zeng, HW Lei, KY Cheng, WH AF Holmstrom, Alexandra Wu, Ryan T. Y. Zeng, Huawei Lei, K. Y. Cheng, Wen-Hsing TI Nutritional and supranutritional levels of selenate differentially suppress prostate tumor growth in adult but not young nude mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Age; Supranutrition; Xenograft; Nude mice; Prostate cancer ID DIETARY SELENIUM; CANCER CELLS; METHYLSELENINIC ACID; ANTIGEN-EXPRESSION; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; SELENOMETHIONINE; CARCINOGENESIS; PREVENTION; APOPTOSIS AB The inhibitory effect of oral methylseleninic acid or methylselenocysteine administration on cancer cell xenograft development in nude mice is well characterized; however, less is known about the efficacy of selenate and age on selenium chemoprevention. In this study, we tested whether selenate and duration on diets would regulate prostate cancer xenograft in nude mice. Thirty-nine homozygous NU/J nude mice were fed a selenium-deficient, Torula yeast basal diet alone (Se-) or supplemented with 0.15 (Se) or 1.0 (Se+) mg selenium/kg (as Na2SeO4) for 6 months in Experiment 1 and for 4 weeks in Experiment 2, followed by a 47-day PC-3 prostate cancer cell xenograft on the designated diet. In Experiment 1, the Se- diet enhanced the initial tumor development on days 11-17, whereas the Se+ diet suppressed tumor growth on days 35-47 in adult nude mice. Tumors grown in Se- mice were loosely packed and showed increased necrosis and inflammation as compared to those in Se and Se+ mice. In Experiment 2, dietary selenium did not affect tumor development or histopathology throughout the time course. In both experiments, postmortem plasma selenium concentrations in Se and Se+ mice were comparable and were twofold greater than those in Se- mice. Taken together, dietary selenate at nutritional and supranutritional levels differentially inhibit tumor development in adult, but not young, nude mice engrafted with PC-3 prostate cancer cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Holmstrom, Alexandra; Wu, Ryan T. Y.; Lei, K. Y.; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zeng, Huawei] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Cheng, WH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM whcheng@umd.edu NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1086 EP 1091 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.06.001 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 994BJ UT WOS:000307905500008 PM 22137259 ER PT J AU Xie, CH Kang, J Li, ZM Schauss, AG Badger, TM Nagarajan, S Wu, T Wu, XL AF Xie, Chenghui Kang, Jie Li, Zhimin Schauss, Alexander G. Badger, Thomas M. Nagarajan, Shanmugam Wu, Tong Wu, Xianli TI The acai flavonoid velutin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent: blockade of LPS-mediated TNF-alpha and IL-6 production through inhibiting NF-kappa B activation and MAPK pathway SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acai; IL-6; MAPK; NF-kappa B; INF-alpha; Velutin ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; LUTEOLIN; MACROPHAGES; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ANTIOXIDANT; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Recent studies have shown that some flavonoids are modulators of proinflammatory cytokine production. In this study, velutin, a unique flavone isolated from the pulp of acai fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), was examined for its effects in reducing lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 production in RAW 264.7 peripheral macrophages and mice peritoneal macrophages. Three other structurally similar and well-studied flavones, luteolin, apigenin and chrysoeriol, were included as controls and for comparative purposes. Velutin exhibited the greatest potency among all flavones in reducing TNF-alpha and IL-6 production. Velutin also showed the strongest inhibitory effect in nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation (as assessed by secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter assay) and exhibited the greatest effects in blocking the degradation of inhibitor of NF-kappa B as well as in inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and JNK phosphorylation; all of these are important signaling pathways involved in production of INF-a and IL-6. The present study led to the discovery of a strong anti-inflammatory flavone, velutin. This compound effectively inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 in low micromole levels by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation and p38 and JNK phosphorylation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xie, Chenghui; Kang, Jie; Badger, Thomas M.; Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Xie, Chenghui; Kang, Jie; Badger, Thomas M.; Nagarajan, Shanmugam; Wu, Xianli] USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Li, Zhimin; Wu, Tong] Shanghai Inst Pharmaceut Ind, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China. [Schauss, Alexander G.] AIBMR Life Sci Inc, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA. [Nagarajan, Shanmugam] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Wu, XL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM wuxianli@uams.edu FU MonaVie LLC (South Jordan, UT, USA) FX The authors express their appreciation for the financial support by MonaVie LLC (South Jordan, UT, USA). NR 40 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1184 EP 1191 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.06.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 994BJ UT WOS:000307905500020 PM 22137267 ER PT J AU Adolph, AL Puyau, MR Vohra, FA Nicklas, TA Zakeri, IF Butte, NF AF Adolph, Anne L. Puyau, Maurice R. Vohra, Firoz A. Nicklas, Theresa A. Zakeri, Issa F. Butte, Nancy F. TI Validation of Uniaxial and Triaxial Accelerometers for the Assessment of Physical Activity in Preschool Children SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE accelerometry; calorimetry; sedentary behavior; light physical activity; moderate physical activity; vigorous physical activity ID ACTIVITY RATING-SCALE; ACTIVITY MONITOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CALIBRATION; CARS AB Purpose: Given the unique physical activity (PA) patterns of preschoolers, wearable electronic devices for quantitative assessment of physical activity require validation in this population. Study objective was to validate uniaxial and triaxial accelerometers in preschoolers. Methods: Room calorimetry was performed over 3 hours in 64 preschoolers, wearing Actical, Actiheart, and RT3 accelerometers during play, slow, moderate, and fast translocation. Based on activity energy expenditure (AEE) and accelerometer counts, optimal thresholds for PA levels were determined by piecewise linear regression and discrimination boundary analysis. Results: Established HR cutoffs in preschoolers for sedentary/light, light/moderate and moderate/vigorous levels were used to define AEE (0.015, 0.054, 0.076 kcal.kg(-1).min(-1)) and PA ratio (PAR; 1.6, 2.9, 3.6) thresholds, and accelerometer thresholds. True positive predictive rates were 77%, 75%, and 76% for sedentary; 63%, 61%, and 65% for light; 34%, 52%, and 49% for moderate; 46%, 46%, and 49% for vigorous levels. Due to low positive predictive rates, we combined moderate and vigorous PA. Classification accuracy was improved overall and for the combined moderate-to-vigorous PA level (69%, 82%, 79%) for Actical, Actiheart, and RT3, respectively. Conclusion: Uniaxial and triaxial accelerometers are acceptable devices with similar classification accuracy for sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous levels of PA in preschoolers. C1 [Adolph, Anne L.; Puyau, Maurice R.; Vohra, Firoz A.; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zakeri, Issa F.] Drexel Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Adolph, AL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK074387] NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD SEP PY 2012 VL 9 IS 7 BP 944 EP 953 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 006RZ UT WOS:000308837800004 PM 22207582 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Biswas, A AF Selling, Gordon W. Biswas, Atanu TI Blends of Zein and Nylon-6 SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Zein; Nylon-6; Polymer blend; Solvent resistance ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CROSS-LINKING; FIBROUS MEMBRANES; FILMS; FIBERS; FTIR; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRUSION; SPECTRA; SOLVENT AB Blends of zein and nylon-6 (55 k) in formic acid were used to produce solution cast films and electrospun fibers. When the amount of nylon-6 was 8 % or less blends were formed that had improved tensile strength and reduced solubility. The blends were analyzed using physical property measurements, DSC and IR spectra. Using between 2 and 8 % nylon-6 provided a 33 % increase in tensile strength. Young's modulus increased by over 50 % in this range. In general elongation was lower for all formulations. Surprisingly the cast films having 0.5-8 % nylon-6 had improved solvent resistance to 90 % ethanol/water. Electrospun fibers were produced from formic acid solutions of zein and nylon-6 where the amount of nylon was 0, 2 and 6. Fibers produced from 27 % spinning solids had average diameters on the order of 0.5 mu m. Reducing the spinning solids to 21 % provide slightly smaller fibers however, the fibers had more defects. C1 [Selling, Gordon W.; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 IS 3 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1007/s10924-012-0426-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 006LC UT WOS:000308819700001 ER PT J AU Routson, KJ Volk, GM Richards, CM Smith, SE Nabhan, GP de Echeverria, VW AF Routson, Kanin J. Volk, Gayle M. Richards, Christopher M. Smith, Steven E. Nabhan, Gary Paul de Echeverria, Victoria Wyllie TI Genetic Variation and Distribution of Pacific Crabapple SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE species distribution modeling; genetic diversity; Malus fusca; ex situ gene conservation ID COAST SALISH INDIANS; X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; MALUS-SIEVERSII; APPLE; DIVERSITY; ROSACEAE; MODELS AB Pacific crabapple [Malus fusca (Raf.) C.K. Schneid.] is found in mesic coastal habitats in Pacific northwestern North America. It is one of four apple species native to North America. M. fusca is culturally important to First Nations of the region who value and use the fruit of this species as food, bark and leaves for medicine, and wood for making tools and in construction. However, little is known about either distribution or genetic diversity of this species. To correct this deficiency, we used habitat suitability modeling to map M. fusca habitat types with species occurrence records. The species apparently occupies at least two distinct climate regions: a colder, drier northern region and a warmer, wetter southern region. Total area of modeled habitat encompasses. approximate to 356,780 km(2) of low-lying areas along the Pacific coast. A total of 239 M. fusca individuals sampled from across its native range were genetically compared using six microsatellite markers to assess for possible geographic structuring of genotypes. The primers amplified 50 alleles. Significant isolation by distance was identified across the approximate to 2600 km (straight line) where samples were distributed. These results may help establish priorities for in situ and ex situ M. fusca conservation. C1 [Routson, Kanin J.] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Resource Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Volk, Gayle M.; Richards, Christopher M.] USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Smith, Steven E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nabhan, Gary Paul] Univ Arizona, Southwest Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nabhan, Gary Paul] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [de Echeverria, Victoria Wyllie] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada. RP Routson, KJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Resource Sci, 1955 E Sixth St,POB 210184, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kjr53@e-mail.arizona.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 FU University of Arizona Southwest Center FX We sincerely thank all who have contributed to the success of this research. We specifically acknowledge our British Columbia collaborators Nancy Turner, Leslie Main Johnson, and Ken Downs for their insights samples from the region. Thanks to Phillip Jenkins and Sarah Hunkins at the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ) for assistance with herbarium records and Steffi Ickert-Bond at the University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium (ALA) and staff at the University of British Columbia Herbarium (UBC) and University of Alberta Herbarium (ALTA) for specimens. Thanks to Sarah Hayes, Joseph Postman, and all who helped with sample collection. Thanks to Adam Henk for technical assistance in the laboratory and Ned Garvey and Karen Williams for securing Plant Germplasm Collection funds. Finally, thanks to the Kellogg Program of the University of Arizona Southwest Center for funding. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 137 IS 5 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009KL UT WOS:000309024600008 ER PT J AU Gross, BL Volk, GM Richards, CM Forsline, PL Fazio, G Chao, CT AF Gross, Briana L. Volk, Gayle M. Richards, Christopher M. Forsline, Philip L. Fazio, Gennaro Chao, C. Thomas TI Identification of "Duplicate" Accessions within the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Malus Collection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apple; Malus xdomestica; simple sequence repeat; probability of identity; clonal crop; perennial crop ID X-DOMESTICA BORKH.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; APPLE CLONES; SSR MARKERS; SIEVERSII; ORIENTALIS; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; RUSSIA; TURKEY AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), Plant Genetic Resources Unit apple (Malus) collection in Geneva, NY, conserves over 2500 trees as grafted clones. We have compared the genotypes of 1131 diploid Malus xdomestica cultivars with a total of 1910 wild and domesticated samples representing 41 taxonomic designations in the NPGS collection to identify those that are genetically identical based on nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. We calculated the probability of identity for samples in the data set based on allelic diversity and, where possible, use fruit images to qualitatively confirm similarities. A total of 237 alleles were amplified and the nine SSRs were deemed adequate to assess duplication within the collection with the caveat that "sport families" likely would not be differentiated. A total of 238 M. xdomestica and 10 samples of other taxonomic groups shared a genotype with at least one other M. xdomestica individual. In several cases, genotypes for cultivars matched genotypes of known rootstocks and indicated that these accessions may not accurately represent the indicated named clones. Sets of individuals with identical genotypes and similar cultivar names were assigned to sport families. These 23 sport families, comprised of 104 individuals, may have mutational differences that were not identified using the nine SSR loci. Five of the selected markers (CH01h01, CH02d08, CH01f02, G12, GD147) overlap with sets of markers that have been used to fingerprint European apple collections, thus making it possible to compare and coordinate collection inventories on a worldwide scale. C1 [Gross, Briana L.; Volk, Gayle M.; Richards, Christopher M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Forsline, Philip L.; Fazio, Gennaro; Chao, C. Thomas] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 137 IS 5 BP 333 EP 342 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009KL UT WOS:000309024600009 ER PT J AU Xie, QM Yan, ZQ Ji, J Zhang, HM Liu, J Sun, Y Li, GW Chen, F Xue, CY Ma, JY Bee, YZ AF Xie, Qingmei Yan, Zhuanqiang Ji, Jun Zhang, Huanmin Liu, Jun Sun, Yue Li, Guangwei Chen, Feng Xue, Chunyi Ma, Jingyun Bee, Yingzuo TI Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel H9N2 Subtype Influenza Virus FJG9 Strain in China Reveals a Natural Reassortant Event SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CHINA; EASTERN CHINA; A VIRUSES AB A/chicken/FJ/G9/09 (FJ/G9) is an H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) strain causing high morbidity that was isolated from broilers in Fujian Province of China in 2009. FJ/G9 has been used as the vaccine strain against H9N2 AIV infection in Fujian Province of China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of FJ/G9 with natural six-way reassortment, which is the most complex genotype strain in China and even in the world so far. The present findings will aid in understanding the complexity and diversity of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus. C1 [Xie, Qingmei; Yan, Zhuanqiang; Ji, Jun; Liu, Jun; Sun, Yue; Li, Guangwei; Chen, Feng; Ma, Jingyun; Bee, Yingzuo] S China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Huanmin] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Xue, Chunyi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Xie, QM (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM qmx@scau.edu.cn FU Guangdong Momentous Scientific and Technological Project [2009B020201008]; Strategic Cooperation Project of Guangdong Province & Chinese Academy [2010B090301019] FX This work was supported by the Fund from Guangdong Momentous Scientific and Technological Project (grant no. 2009B020201008) and Strategic Cooperation Project of Guangdong Province & Chinese Academy (grant no. 2010B090301019). NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 86 IS 18 BP 10240 EP 10241 DI 10.1128/JVI.01623-12 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 999TI UT WOS:000308337500075 PM 22923800 ER PT J AU Adame, MF Wright, SF Grinham, A Lobb, K Reymond, CE Lovelock, CE AF Fernanda Adame, Maria Wright, Sara F. Grinham, Alistair Lobb, Kellie Reymond, Claire E. Lovelock, Catherine E. TI Terrestrial-marine connectivity: Patterns of terrestrial soil carbon deposition in coastal sediments determined by analysis of glomalin related soil protein SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ORGANIC-MATTER; QUANTIFICATION; DYNAMICS; LAGOON; FOREST; SHELF; PARTICULATE; LIMITATIONS AB Glomalin, an arbuscular mycorrhizal protein component of soil, can be used as an indicator of terrigenous-derived carbon. We measured glomalin in sediments using the terrestrial end-member as a reference in four coastal settings: (1) intertidal seagrass meadows distributed over a rainfall gradient, (2) sediments inshore and offshore from the mouth of a river, (3) coastal coral reefs at various distances from the shore, and (4) intertidal wetlands with varying levels of groundwater influence. Across the rainfall gradient, glomalin in seagrass meadow sediments increased at sites with high mean annual rainfall during the wet season (r(2) = 0.27; F-1,F-29 = 5.75; p = 0.029). Glomalin decreased in inshore river sediments (terrestrial) to offshore (marine) sediments (r(2) = 0.81; F-1,F-17 = 71.7; p <= 0.0001). Furthermore, glomalin in reef sediments decreased with distance from the shore. The high intertidal was rich in glomalin where groundwater flowed directly into the wetland compared with those with little groundwater influences. Our data indicate that rivers and groundwater transport terrestrial material, and that mangroves, salt marsh, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs accumulate it, but the connections vary among sites, within sites, and seasonally. Variations in glomalin concentrations are indicative of links between the terrestrial and marine environment that reflect proximity, filtration services, and the level of subsidies that marine ecosystems derive from terrestrial sources. Assessment of glomalin contributes to evaluating terrestrial-marine connectivity, and thus provides knowledge to improve catchment management for the protection of marine ecosystems. C1 [Fernanda Adame, Maria; Lobb, Kellie; Reymond, Claire E.; Lovelock, Catherine E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Fernanda Adame, Maria] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados CINVESTAV, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. [Wright, Sara F.] USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Grinham, Alistair] Univ Queensland, Sch Civil Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; Adame, Maria Fernanda/N-8463-2014 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; FU School of Biological Sciences at The University of Queensland; Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN); Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT); Straits Resources Proprietary Limited; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce; University of Queensland; Australian Research Council [LP0776680]; MG Kailis Group FX We thank the School of Biological Sciences at The University of Queensland, The Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Straits Resources Proprietary Limited, and the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce for logistic and financial support. We thank Helen Penrose and Elizabeth Clegg for field and laboratory assistance. This work was supported by the University of Queensland and the Australian Research Council award LP0776680 with partners Straits Resources Proprietary Limited and MG Kailis Group. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1492 EP 1502 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.5.1492 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 003VX UT WOS:000308640600019 ER PT J AU Earles, JM Yeh, S Skog, KE AF Earles, J. Mason Yeh, Sonia Skog, Kenneth E. TI Timing of carbon emissions from global forest clearance SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LAND-USE CHANGE; WOOD PRODUCTS; BIOFUELS; SEQUESTRATION; STRATEGIES AB Land-use change, primarily from conventional agricultural expansion and deforestation, contributes to approximately 17% of global greenhouse-gas emissions(1). The fate of cleared wood and subsequent carbon storage as wood products, however, has not been consistently estimated, and is largely ignored or oversimplified by most models estimating greenhouse-gas emissions from global land-use conversion(2,3). Here, we estimate the fate of cleared wood and timing of atmospheric carbon emissions for 169 countries. We show that 30 years after forest clearance the percentage of carbon stored in wood products and landfills ranges from about 0% to 62% globally. For 90 countries, less than 5% of carbon remains after 30 years, whereas 34 countries have more than 25% in storage. Higher storage rates result primarily from a greater percentage of long-lived products such as wood panels and lumber, and tend to occur in countries with predominantly temperate forests. Alternatively, lower storage rates are associated with a greater fraction of non-merchantable wood and more wood used for energy and paper production, which tend to occur in countries with predominantly tropical forests. Hence, the country and fate of cleared wood can considerably affect the timing of greenhouse-gas emissions from forest clearance. C1 [Earles, J. Mason; Yeh, Sonia] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Skog, Kenneth E.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Earles, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, 2321 Acad Surge Bldg,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmearles@ucdavis.edu OI Yeh, Sonia/0000-0002-4852-1177 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; California Air Resources Board; Sustainable Transportation Center FX J.M.E. and S.Y. acknowledge the financial support from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the California Air Resources Board. J.M.E. acknowledges Sustainable Transportation Center fellowship support. Any mistakes or errors seethe responsibility of the authors alone. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 2 IS 9 BP 682 EP 685 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1535 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009ME UT WOS:000309029100015 ER PT J AU Potter, KM Hargrove, WW AF Potter, Kevin M. Hargrove, William W. TI Determining suitable locations for seed transfer under climate change: a global quantitative method SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Restoration; Conservation genetics; Quantitative ecoregions; Multivariate clustering; Seed sources; Human-assisted migration ID ANTHRACNOSE DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA; LOCAL PROVENANCE IMPORTANT; TRANSFER GUIDELINES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; GENETIC-VARIATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HABITAT CREATION; BREEDING ZONES; PINUS-CONTORTA AB Changing climate conditions will complicate efforts to match seed sources with the environments to which they are best adapted. Tree species distributions may have to shift to match new environmental conditions, potentially requiring the establishment of some species entirely outside of their current distributions to thrive. Even within the portions of tree species ranges that remain generally suitable for the species, local populations may not be well-adapted to altered local conditions. To assist efforts to restore forests and to maximize forest productivity in the face of climate change, we developed a set of 30,000 quantitatively defined seed transfer "ecoregions" across the globe. Reflecting current and future conditions, these were created by combining global maps of potentially important environmental characteristics using a large-scale statistical clustering technique. This approach assigns every 4 km(2) terrestrial raster cell into an ecoregion using non-hierarchical clustering of the cells in multivariate space based on 16 environmental variables. Two cells anywhere on the map with similar combinations of environmental characteristics are located near each other in this data space; cells are then classified into relatively homogeneous ecoregion clusters. Using two global circulation models and two emissions scenarios, we next mapped the predicted environmentally equivalent future locations of each ecoregion in 2050 and 2100. We further depicted areas of decreasing environmental similarity to given ecoregions, both in current time and under climate change. This approach could help minimize the risk that trees used for production, restoration, reforestation, and afforestation are maladapted to their planting sites. C1 [Potter, Kevin M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hargrove, William W.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Risk Assessment Ctr EFETA, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Potter, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kpotter@ncsu.edu OI Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 FU Eastern Environmental Threat Assessment Center; Forest Health Monitoring program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station [10-JV-11330146-049, 11-JV-11330146-090]; North Carolina State University [10-JV-11330146-049, 11-JV-11330146-090] FX We thank Frank Koch for assistance with the Forest Inventory and Analysis data and Steve Norman for helpful suggestions. Forrest Hoffman was instrumental in developing the parallel MSTC code and ran the clustering analysis. Barry Baker and Chris Zganjar prepared the input data sets used for the MSTC process. This work was supported in part by the Eastern Environmental Threat Assessment Center; by the Forest Health Monitoring program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service; and by Research Joint Venture Agreements 10-JV-11330146-049 and 11-JV-11330146-090 between the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and North Carolina State University. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 581 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s11056-012-9322-z PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 992YY UT WOS:000307819000004 ER PT J AU Kabrick, JM Dey, DC Van Sambeek, JW Coggeshall, MV Jacobs, DF AF Kabrick, John M. Dey, Daniel C. Van Sambeek, J. W. Coggeshall, Mark V. Jacobs, Douglass F. TI Quantifying flooding effects on hardwood seedling survival and growth for bottomland restoration SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Flood tolerance; Restoration; Bottomland hardwoods; Seedling growth; Seedling survival ID RESPONSES; SUCCESS; FORESTS; TREE; AFFORESTATION; ESTABLISHMENT; REGIMES; OAK; USA AB Growing interest worldwide in bottomland hardwood restoration necessitates improved ecological understanding of flooding effects on forest tree seedlings using methodology that accurately reflects field conditions. We examined hardwood seedling survival and growth in an outdoor laboratory where the timing, depth, duration, and flow rate of flood water can be carefully controlled while simulating natural soil conditions occurring in floodplains. Flooding treatments were initiated in mid-May and included partial inundation (15-20 cm) during the growing season for 5-week flowing, 5-week standing, 3-week flowing, and control. We monitored the vigor, survival, and growth (changes in basal diameter and stem length) of six hardwood species representing a wide range in expected flood tolerance including eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex Marsh.), pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor Willd.), bur oak (Q. macrocarpa Michx.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), and pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. All stock was 1-0 bareroot except that cuttings were used for eastern cottonwood. Five species-eastern cottonwood, bur oak, swamp white oak, pin oak, and pecan-exhibited high survival probabilities (> 0.62 for cottonwood; > 0.77 for the others) regardless of flood treatment. But of the survivors, only eastern cottonwood and swamp white oak maintained positive growth and healthy green foliage. Despite high survival, bur oak and pin oak suffered stem growth losses and exhibited chlorotic foliage in flood treatments suggesting greater vulnerability to other abiotic or biotic stresses if outplanted on flood-prone sites. Pecan also suffered stem dieback in controls suggesting vulnerability to competition and browsing when outplanted despite high survival after flooding. Our quantitative data helps to confirm and/or refine previously published qualitative flood tolerance ratings for these species, and describes operation of an in situ outdoor flood experiment laboratory that may prove effective in guiding future flood tolerance research. C1 [Kabrick, John M.; Dey, Daniel C.; Van Sambeek, J. W.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Coggeshall, Mark V.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jacobs, Douglass F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kabrick, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jkabrick@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry [AG-02100251, C R 826704-01-0]; USDA ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR, USA [AG-02100251]; US EPA [C R 826704-01-0] FX We thank John Thompson, and Ray Glendening (Univ. of Missouri Center for Agroforestry), Jonathon Motsinger (formerly with the Forestry Department, Univ. of Missouri) and all of the technicians with the flood facility at the Univ. of Missouri Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center for assisting with the establishment, maintenance, or measurements of this study and Drs. Mike Gold and Gene Garrett (Univ. of Missouri) for supporting this project. Mark Ellersieck provided statistical guidance. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers and an Associate Editor for comments that greatly improved the final version of this paper. This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station and through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements AG-02100251 with the USDA ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR, USA and C R 826704-01-0 with the US EPA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 695 EP 710 DI 10.1007/s11056-012-9331-y PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 992YY UT WOS:000307819000012 ER PT J AU Mataruga, M Haase, D Isajev, V Orlovic, S AF Mataruga, Milan Haase, Diane Isajev, Vasilije Orlovic, Sasa TI Growth, survival, and genetic variability of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings in response to water deficit SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Water deficit; Survival; Seedlings; Austrian pine ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; WESTERN REDCEDAR; MARITIME PINE; PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT; PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATION; TEMPERATURE STRESS; LEAF MORPHOLOGY AB Drought is one of the crucial factors limiting plant growth and is expected to become even more limiting in many regions as the effects of climate change increase. Knowledge of genetic adaptation to environmental factors can help develop strategies for successful reforestation in arid terrain. In this study, Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings grown from seed collected from 40 open-pollinated families from five Balkan Peninsula provenances were evaluated for survival and growth under imposed drought. Within each provenance, seed was collected from an extremely harsh habitat and from a favorable habitat. One-year-old seedlings, from each provenance, habitat type and open pollinated family were transplanted into three "stressbeds", each designed to simulate different levels of water availability by filling with varying ratios of crushed stone and soil. Seedling height growth and survival were recorded every 20-30 days from April-September. In all provenances, seedlings grown from seed originating from the harsh habitats had lower survival regardless of stressbed treatment compared to those grown from seed collected from favorable habitats, with the exception of one population from the Viegrad provenance which had high survival rates throughout. Overall height growth was very low and did not follow consistent patterns among treatment groups. Cluster analyses of survival data showed that populations from a similar habitat generally grouped together, regardless of provenance. The lowest and highest survival values were found in seedlings from harsh habitats, while those from the favorable habitats clustered in the mid-range. These results suggest that higher seed quality from productive stands may be the most influential factor determining seedling vigor under drought stress and that genetic adaptation to drought was not detected in adjacent populations having different habitat conditions. C1 [Mataruga, Milan] Univ Banja Luka, Fac Forestry, Banja Luka, Bosnia & Herceg. [Haase, Diane] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Isajev, Vasilije] Univ Belgrade, Fac Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia. [Orlovic, Sasa] Univ Novi Sad, Inst Lowland Forestry & Environm, Novi Sad, Serbia. RP Mataruga, M (reprint author), Univ Banja Luka, Fac Forestry, Banja Luka, Bosnia & Herceg. EM mmataruga@gmail.com NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 791 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s11056-012-9351-7 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 992YY UT WOS:000307819000018 ER PT J AU Lof, M Dey, DC Navarro, RM Jacobs, DF AF Lof, Magnus Dey, Daniel C. Navarro, Rafael M. Jacobs, Douglass F. TI Mechanical site preparation for forest restoration SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Afforestation; Ecosystem management; Rehabilitation; Regeneration; Sustainability ID WEEVIL HYLOBIUS-ABIETIS; QUERCUS-ROBUR L.; NORWAY SPRUCE FOREST; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; WEED-CONTROL; ILEX L.; ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION; REFORESTATION METHODS; NATURAL REGENERATION; CONIFER SEEDLINGS AB Forest restoration projects have become increasingly common around the world and planting trees is almost always a key component. Low seedling survival and growth may result in restoration failures and various mechanical site preparation techniques for treatment of soils and vegetation are important tools used to help counteract this. In this article, we synthesize the current state-of-knowledge concerning mechanical site preparation for improved tree establishment when carried out in different forest restoration situations, point out critical research gaps and provide some recommendations for future directions. Mechanical site preparation often results in improved seedling survival and growth. However, if not intensive methods with much soil disturbance are used, it is a rather ineffective tool for controlling competing vegetation. Methods such as scarification, mounding and subsoiling also lead to multiple interactions among soil physical and chemical properties that affect plant survival and growth, and it may be difficult to determine the actual cause-effect relationship of any positive seedling responses. Most research to date on mechanical site preparation and plantation performance has been conducted using a few conifer tree species. Seedling responses differ among tree species and alternative species are often used during restoration compared to production forestry indicating a need for additional research for improved understanding. Several management objectives such as soil protection and increased biodiversity are many times relevant during forest restoration, and mechanical site preparation methods should be implemented carefully because they can have large impacts on the environment. C1 [Lof, Magnus] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Navarro, Rafael M.] Univ Cordoba, Sch Agr & Forestry Engn, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Jacobs, Douglass F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lof, M (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, POB 49, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. EM magnus.lof@slu.se FU Stina Werners fund; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2008-04503-CO3-02] FX The study was supported by scholarships from Stina Werners fund and from The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education offered to M. Lof during his visit at Purdue University, USA in the autumn of 2011. Support for R Navarro was received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, program CGL2008-04503-CO3-02. NR 131 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 10 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 EI 1573-5095 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 825 EP 848 DI 10.1007/s11056-012-9332-x PG 24 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 992YY UT WOS:000307819000021 ER PT J AU Dey, DC Gardiner, ES Schweitzer, CJ Kabrick, JM Jacobs, DF AF Dey, Daniel C. Gardiner, Emile S. Schweitzer, Callie J. Kabrick, John M. Jacobs, Douglass F. TI Underplanting to sustain future stocking of oak (Quercus) in temperate deciduous forests SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Quercus; Silviculture; Restoration; Artificial regeneration; Planting ID NORTHERN RED OAK; SEEDLINGS INTERPLANTED BENEATH; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; SITE PREPARATION METHODS; PAGODA RAF. SEEDLINGS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MIXED-OAK; ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; OVERSTORY DENSITY AB Oaks (Quercus spp.) are one of the most important tree taxa in the northern hemisphere. Although they are dominant in mixed species forests and widely distributed, there are frequent reports of regeneration failures. An adequate population of large oak advance reproduction is a critical prerequisite to successful oak regeneration, and hence sustainability of oak. But, many oak forests lack sufficient density of large and competitive oak advance reproduction. Artificial regeneration of oak by underplanting is done to supplement natural populations of oak seedlings or to introduce oak in stands where it is missing. Planting high quality seedlings is important. Silvicultural practices that regulate stand density such as thinning and the shelterwood method are needed to increase oak's regeneration potential by promoting accumulation and growth of natural and planted seedlings before the final regeneration harvest. Control of competing vegetation and herbivory are important elements in the regeneration prescription. Light in the understory is a limiting factor to the accumulation of large oak advance reproduction. Light levels (20-50 % +) sufficient for biomass production in oak reproduction result through management of stand density and other competing vegetation. We review and synthesize the literature on silvicultural approaches to using artificial regeneration to obtain successful oak regeneration that is grounded in fundamental principles of oak biology and ecology. Principles of oak regeneration presented here may also have relevance to other hydric, mesic and dry-mesic forest environments. C1 [Dey, Daniel C.; Kabrick, John M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gardiner, Emile S.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Schweitzer, Callie J.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Jacobs, Douglass F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@fs.fed.us NR 146 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 955 EP 978 DI 10.1007/s11056-012-9330-z PG 24 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 992YY UT WOS:000307819000028 ER PT J AU Baker, F Hansen, M Shaw, JD Mielke, M Shelstad, D AF Baker, Fred Hansen, Mark Shaw, John D. Mielke, Manfred Shelstad, Dixon TI The Incidence of Dwarf Mistletoe in Minnesota Black Spruce Stands Detected by Operational Inventories SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE disease survey AB We surveyed black spruce stands within 0.5 miles of US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots and compared dwarf mistletoe status with that of the FIA and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) forest inventories. Our results differed from FIA results in 3 of 16 stands with FIA plots, with FIA most often not recording dwarf mistletoe in infested stands. The infestation status of 140 of 202 surrounding stands was the same as recorded for the nearby FIA plot. Minnesota DNR forest inventory identified dwarf mistletoe in only 26 of 112 infested stands. Using only the most recent HA plot data, 8% of FIA plots were recorded as infested. Considering an FIA plot to be infested if it was infested at any time in its history raises the percentage of infested FIA plots to 11%. Of the stands we surveyed, 112 of 202 (55%) were infested, but spatial autocorrelation may bias our sample. For the infested stands, dwarf mistletoe is projected to infest 20% of the stand area and reduce timber volume by at least 14% in the current rotation. C1 [Baker, Fred] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hansen, Mark] US Forest Serv Forest Inventory & Anal, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shaw, John D.] US Forest Serv Forest Inventory & Anal, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Mielke, Manfred] US Forest Serv Forest Hlth Protect, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shelstad, Dixon] Vermil Community Coll, Ely, MN 55731 USA. RP Baker, F (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM fred.baker@cc.usu.edu FU US Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Evaluation Monitoring Program; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University FX Fred Baker (fred.baker@cc.usu.edu), Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5230. Mark Hansen, US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis, St. Paul, MN 55108. John D. Shaw, US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis, Ogden, UT 84401. Manfred Mielke, US Forest Service Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN 55108. Dixon Shelstad, Natural Resources Technology, Vermilion Community College, Ely, MN 55731. We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Holly Carlisle, Clint Haan, Terrence Hams, and Wanda Lindquist and the helpful comments of the reviewers and associate editor. Funding for this study was provided by US Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Evaluation Monitoring Program. This research was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and approved as journal paper number 8182. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or their agencies. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.5849/njaf.10-017 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010MK UT WOS:000309098300001 ER PT J AU Hanavan, RP Adams, KB Allen, DC AF Hanavan, Ryan P. Adams, Kim B. Allen, Douglas C. TI Abundance and Distribution of Peach Bark Beetle in Northern Hardwood Stands of New York SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; black cherry; survey; defect ID SCOLYTIDAE AB The peach bark beetle, Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris), is native to North America and a reported pest of black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh., in the northeastern United States. Overwintering adults aggregate on live black cherry and create niches between the bark and cambium, resulting in a gum spot defect to affected portions of the sapwood. A strong relationship was identified between exterior gum spots and overwintering niches on the lower bole. Breeding activity was discovered in the crowns of live black cherry in low densities. The presence of black cherry slash, increased black cherry basal area, and warmer aspects within northern hardwood stands were associated with an increased abundance of peach bark beetle. Black cherry slash and increased black cherry basal area were associated with increased gum spot densities on residual black cherry in northern hardwood stands surveyed in New York State. As forest managers and landowners grow black cherry in greater abundance, understanding residual stand conditions will help mitigate future gum spot degrade caused by peach bark beetles. C1 [Hanavan, Ryan P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Adams, Kim B.; Allen, Douglas C.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, New York, NY USA. RP Hanavan, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rhanavan02@fs.fed.us; kbadams@esf.edu; dcallen@esf.edu FU USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Durham Field Office; NYSDEC Lands and Forests Unit FX Ryan P. Hanavan (rhanavan02@fs.fed.us), USDA Forest Service, 271 Mast Road Durham, NH 03824; Telephone: (603) 868-7715; Fax: (603) 868-7604. Kim B. Adams (kbadams@esf edu) and Douglas C. Allen (dcallen@esf.edu), SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. We thank the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry for providing field sites, and transportation. We thank Dr. Kevin J. Dodds for providing a valuable review to this manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr. Steven Stehman for assistance with statistical analysis, Ken Moat and Christine Olsen for their assistance in the field, and SUNY ESF Ranger School for providing housing during the field seasons. We are grateful to the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Durham Field Office and NYSDEC Lands and Forests Unit for funding this study. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.5849/njaf.11-037 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010MK UT WOS:000309098300003 ER PT J AU Long, RP Trimpey, DW Wiemann, MC Stout, SL AF Long, Robert P. Trimpey, David W. Wiemann, Michael C. Stout, Susan L. TI Anomalous Dark Growth Rings in Black Cherry SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB Anomalous dark growth rings have been observed in black cherry (Prunus serotina) sawlogs from northwestern Pennsylvania making the logs unsuitable for veneer products. Thirty-six cross sections with dark rings, each traceable to one of ten stands, were obtained from a local mill and sections were dated and annual ring widths were measured. One or more dark rings were found in 30 of the 36 cross sections. The most frequent years in which dark rings formed were 1994, on 55% of cross sections, and 1995, on 72% of cross sections. Both years were coincident with widespread cherry scallop shell moth (Hydria prunivorata) outbreaks. GIS layers and maps obtained from the Allegheny National Forest were used to document cherry scallop shell moth defoliations in these stands. These rings show a darkened discoloration through all or portions of the annual ring without characteristics typical of gum spots or gum defects caused by traumatic injury from bark beetles or cambium miners. Microscopic examination of the rings revealed darkened fiber cell walls, but no other cellular abnormalities. Dark rings are more common in stands with a high proportion of the total basal area composed of black cherry. These stands also are more susceptible to repeated defoliations from cherry scallop shell moth. C1 [Long, Robert P.; Stout, Susan L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. [Wiemann, Michael C.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Long, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 335 Natl Forge Rd, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM rlong@fs.fed.us; DTrimpey@CollinsCo.com; mwiemann@fs.fed.us; sstout@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.5849/njaf.11-043 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010MK UT WOS:000309098300006 ER PT J AU Balay, KS Hawthorne, KM Hicks, PD Chen, ZS Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA AF Balay, Kimberly S. Hawthorne, Keli M. Hicks, Penni D. Chen, Zhensheng Griffin, Ian J. Abrams, Steven A. TI Low Zinc Status and Absorption Exist in Infants with Jejunostomies or Ileostomies Which Persists after Intestinal Repair SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Article DE zinc; copper; ostomy; jejunostomy; ileostomy; nutrient absorption AB There is very little data regarding trace mineral nutrition in infants with small intestinal ostomies. Here we evaluated 14 infants with jejunal or ileal ostomies to measure their zinc absorption and retention and biochemical zinc and copper status. Zinc absorption was measured using a dual-tracer stable isotope technique at two different time points when possible. The first study was conducted when the subject was receiving maximal tolerated feeds enterally while the ostomy remained in place. A second study was performed as soon as feasible after full feeds were achieved after intestinal repair. We found biochemical evidence of deficiencies of both zinc and copper in infants with small intestinal ostomies at both time points. Fractional zinc absorption with an ostomy in place was 10.9% +/- 5.3%. After reanastamosis, fractional zinc absorption was 9.4% +/- 5.7%. Net zinc balance was negative prior to reanastamosis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that infants with a jejunostomy or ileostomy are at high risk for zinc and copper deficiency before and after intestinal reanastamosis. Additional supplementation, especially of zinc, should be considered during this time period. C1 [Hawthorne, Keli M.; Hicks, Penni D.; Chen, Zhensheng; Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Balay, Kimberly S.] Black Hills Pediat & Neonatol LLP, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Griffin, Ian J.] Univ Calif, UC Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ksbalay@gmail.com; keli.hawthorne@bcm.edu; penni.hicks@bcm.edu; zhensheng.chen@bcm.edu; ijgriffin@ucdavis.edu; sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-001]; National Center for Research Resources [RR00188] FX This work is a publication of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-6-001, National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research for Children Grant RR00188. Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD SEP PY 2012 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1273 EP 1281 DI 10.3390/nu4091273 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 012XN UT WOS:000309270100010 PM 23112915 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC AF Goslee, Sarah C. TI Topographic Corrections of Satellite Data for Regional Monitoring SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT-TM DATA; MINNAERT CORRECTION; UNITED-STATES; NORMALIZATION; TERRAIN; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; INDEXES AB The increased availability of satellite imagery has made regional monitoring programs possible. To compare images taken at different times, variation in reflectance caused by the interaction of sun position and topography must be corrected. Previous studies of topographic correction methods have often used only single scenes taken under good conditions, and even then have found mixed effects. Six correction methods were tested on two Landsat scenes (TM and ETM+) in central Pennsylvania obtained at low, medium, and high solar elevations. The effects of the corrections on band reflectance values and two ratio-based vegetation indices were assessed. Lambertian methods should not be used for regional monitoring of vegetation: these corrections are not band-specific, and thus do not remove topographic effects on vegetation indices. Instead, non-Lambertian methods such as the c-correction or Minnaert methods, particularly cover-based modifications of the latter, should be used. No methods provide effective correction under conditions of low or negative illumination, though such conditions are often found. An integrated approach including atmospheric corrections may offer a way to reduce topographic effects even at low illumination. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sarah.goslee@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service, and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; USDA-NRCS FX This work contributes to the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), jointly funded, coordinated and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service, and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-NRCS. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 9 BP 973 EP 981 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 000KL UT WOS:000308385100009 ER PT J AU Wallis, CM Chen, JC AF Wallis, Christopher M. Chen, Jianchi TI Grapevine Phenolic Compounds in Xylem Sap and Tissues Are Significantly Altered During Infection by Xylella fastidiosa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PIERCES-DISEASE; GREY MOLD; RESISTANCE; RESVERATROL; VITIS; CULTIVARS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHYTOALEXINS; CALIFORNIA AB Wallis, C. M., and Chen, J. 2012. Grapevine phenolic compounds in xylem sap and tissues are significantly altered during infection by Xylella fastidiosa. Phytopathology 102:816-826. Pierce's disease of grapevine (PD), caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa, remains a serious problem for grape production in California and elsewhere. This research examined induction of phenolic compounds in grapevines ('Thompson Seedless') infected with X. fastidiosa over a 6-month period. Two months postinoculation with X. fastidiosa, catechin, digalloylquinic acid, and astringin were found at greater levels in xylem sap; multiple catechins, procyanidins, and stilbenoids were found at greater levels in xylem tissues; and precursors to lignin and condensed tannins were found at greater levels in xylem cell walls. However, such large-scale inductions of phenolic compounds were not observed 4 months after inoculation. Six months after inoculation, infected plants had significantly reduced phenolic levels in xylem sap and tissues when compared with control plants, including lowered levels of lignin and condensed tannins. At 6 months, PD symptoms were severe in infected plants and most photosynthetic tissue was abscised. These results suggest that, even though grapevine hosts may initially respond to X. fastidiosa infections with increased production of phenolic compounds, ultimately, PD causes grapevines to enter a state of decline whereby diseased hosts no longer have the resources to support secondary metabolite production, including defense-associated phenolic compounds. C1 [Wallis, Christopher M.; Chen, Jianchi] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Wallis, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM christopher.wallis@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Disease, Pests, and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA (USDA-ARS) [5302-22000-008-00D] FX This work was funded by an appropriation made to the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Disease, Pests, and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA (USDA-ARS Research Project Number 5302-22000-008-00D). We thank N. Goodell, A. Fite, and G. Phillips for their assistance in the execution of this project. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 102 IS 9 BP 816 EP 826 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-04-12-0074-R PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 993KY UT WOS:000307859800001 PM 22671027 ER PT J AU Parke, JL Grunwald, NJ AF Parke, Jennifer L. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. TI A Systems Approach for Management of Pests and Pathogens of Nursery Crops SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; NORTH-AMERICA C1 [Parke, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Parke, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab HCRL, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Parke, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jennifer.Parke@oregonstate.edu; Nik.Grunwald@ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Parke, Jennifer/H-8464-2014 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; FU USDA Floriculture Nursery Research Initiative, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [CRIS 5358-22000-034-00]; USDA-Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA ARS Northwest Center for Nursery Research Program; Nature Conservancy FX Support for this work was provided by the USDA Floriculture Nursery Research Initiative, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) CRIS 5358-22000-034-00, the USDA-Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, the USDA ARS Northwest Center for Nursery Research Program, and The Nature Conservancy. We are grateful to the four Oregon nurseries that participated in our study, and we thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1236 EP 1244 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-11-0986-FE PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300001 ER PT J AU Foroud, NA McCormick, SP MacMillan, T Badea, A Kendra, DF Ellis, BE Eudes, F AF Foroud, N. A. McCormick, S. P. MacMillan, T. Badea, A. Kendra, D. F. Ellis, B. E. Eudes, F. TI Greenhouse Studies Reveal Increased Aggressiveness of Emergent Canadian Fusarium graminearum Chemotypes in Wheat SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HEAD BLIGHT; SPRING WHEAT; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; WINTER-WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL; TRICHOTHECENES; RESISTANCE; PHYTOTOXICITY AB The role of Fusarium graminearum trichothecene-chemotypes in disease outcomes was evaluated by point inoculation in a series of wheat lines with different levels of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Four inocula, each consisting of a composite of four strains with either 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON) chemotypes from "traditional" or emergent populations, a 3-ADON chemotype, or a nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, were compared. The evaluated wheat included Canadian lines with different levels of FHB resistance/susceptibility and double haploid lines developed from crosses of these lines. Highly resistant lines were resistant to infection by all of the E graminearum chemotypes evaluated. In the moderately susceptible/resistant wheat lines, the 3-ADON producers and the emergent 15-ADON population were, in some instances, more aggressive and resulted in higher Fusarium damaged kernel scores and levels of trichothecene accumulation. The data presented in this study demonstrate the importance of growing highly resistant wheat cultivars in the current climate of an evolving F. graminearum population, and suggest that moderate levels of FHB resistance may not be sufficient to minimize trichothecene contamination of grain from F. graminearum-infected wheat. C1 [Foroud, N. A.; MacMillan, T.; Badea, A.; Eudes, F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [McCormick, S. P.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ellis, B. E.] Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Foroud, NA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM nora.foroud@agr.gc.ca FU Alberta Agriculture Research Initiative FX This research was funded by the Alberta Agriculture Research Initiative. We thank the greenhouse staff at Agriculture and Agri-Foods Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, for maintaining our plants, and the field crew at Lethbridge and our colleagues at the nurseries for phenotypic evaluation of the double haploid lines. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1271 EP 1279 DI 10.1094/PDIS-10-11-0863-RE PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300005 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Kluepfel, DA Waldrop, V Wechter, WP AF Nyczepir, A. P. Kluepfel, D. A. Waldrop, V. Wechter, W. P. TI Soil Solarization and Biological Control for Managing Mesocriconema xenoplax and Short Life in a Newly Established Peach Orchard SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; PRUNING DATE; TREES; SITE; INVOLVEMENT; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; ROOTSTOCK; PESTS; WHEAT AB The effects of soil solarization, with and without a Pseudomonas spp. cocktail or wheat rotation as alternatives to chemical control of Mesocriconema xenoplax, were investigated from 2004 to 2011. Preplant solarization and soil fumigation (67% methyl bromide + 33% chloropicrin mixture; henceforth, referred to as MBr) was initiated in 2004 in an orchard infested with M. xenoplax and a history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Plots consisted of nine treatments: (i) nonsolarized soil-alone, (ii) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail (nonsolar-bacteria), (iii) nonsolarized soil with wheat (nonsolar-wheat), (iv) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (nonsolar-bacteria-wheat), (v) solarized soil-alone, (vi) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail (solar-bacteria), (vii) solarized soil with wheat (solar-wheat), (viii) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (solar-bacteria-wheat), and (ix) preplant MBr fumigation. Peach trees were planted into all plots in 2005. Nematode populations were suppressed 20 months longer after orchard establishment in solar-alone and solar-wheat plots than solar-bacteria and solar-bacteria-wheat plots. Pseudomonas spp. cocktails did not have a pronounced effect in suppressing M. xenoplax in this study. Fumigation effect on M. xenoplax population density dissipated 24 months after application. Solar-wheat-treated soil was as effective as preplant MBr fumigation in increasing tree survival from PTSL for at least 6 years after orchard establishment. C1 [Nyczepir, A. P.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Kluepfel, D. A.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Waldrop, V.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Wechter, W. P.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM Andy.Nyczepir@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1314 DI 10.1094/PDIS-05-11-0373-RE PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300011 ER PT J AU Hu, CH Perez, FG Donahoo, R McLeod, A Myers, K Ivors, K Secor, G Roberts, PD Deahl, KL Fry, WE Ristaino, JB AF Hu, Chia-Hui Perez, Frances G. Donahoo, Ryan McLeod, Adele Myers, Kevin Ivors, Kelly Secor, Gary Roberts, Pamela D. Deahl, Kenneth L. Fry, William E. Ristaino, Jean B. TI Recent Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in the Eastern United States Reveal Clonal Populations and Reappearance of Mefenoxam Sensitivity SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID IRISH POTATO FAMINE; METALAXYL RESISTANCE; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; PCR AMPLIFICATION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; MATING TYPES; LATE BLIGHT; TOMATO; NETHERLANDS AB Isolates of Phytophthora infestans (n = 178) were collected in 2002 to 2009 from the eastern United States, Midwestern United States, and eastern Canada. Multi locus genotypes were defined using allozyme genotyping, and DNA fingerprinting with the RG-57 probe. Several previously described and three new mulitilocus genotypes were detected. The US-8 genotype was found commonly on commercial potato crops but not on tomato. US-20 was found on tomato in North Carolina from 2002 through 2007 and in Florida in 2005. US-21 was found on tomato in North Carolina in 2005 and Florida in 2006 and 2007. US-22 was detected on tomato in 2007 in Tennessee and New York and became widespread in 2009. US-22 was found in 12 states on tomato and potato and was spread on tomato transplants. This genotype accounted for about 60% of all the isolates genotyped. The US-23 genotype was found in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Delaware on both tomato and potato in 2009. The US-24 genotype was found only in North Dakota in 2009. A1 and A2 mating types were found in close proximity on potato and tomato crops in Pennsylvania and Virginia; therefore, the possibility of sexual reproduction should be monitored. Whereas. most individuals of US-8 and US-20 were resistant to mefenoxam, US-21 appeared to be intermediately sensitive, and isolates of US-22, US-23, and US-24 were largely sensitive to mefenoxam. On the basis of sequence analysis of the ras gene, these latter three genotypes appear to have been derived from a common ancestor. Further field and laboratory studies are underway using simple sequence repeat genotyping to monitor current changes in the population structure of P. infestans causing late blight in North America. C1 [Hu, Chia-Hui; Ivors, Kelly; Ristaino, Jean B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Perez, Frances G.; Deahl, Kenneth L.] ARS, USDA, PSI, GIFVL,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Donahoo, Ryan; Roberts, Pamela D.] Univ Florida, Florida IFAS SWFREC, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. [McLeod, Adele] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Myers, Kevin; Fry, William E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Secor, Gary] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Ristaino, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jean_Ristaino@ncsu.edu RI McLeod, Adele/D-4025-2012; OI McLeod, Adele/0000-0002-1807-9154; Ristaino, Jean/0000-0002-9458-0514 FU USDA NRI [2006-55319-16550]; ARS CRIS FX This work was supported, in part, by a grant to J. Ristaino from the USDA NRI number 2006-55319-16550, an ARS CRIS to the Deahl lab, and Hatch funds provided to North Carolina State University, the University of Florida, and Cornell University. We thank S. Bost, T. Campbell, K. Everts, R. Donahoo, K. Deahl, W. Fry, M. Gallegly, A. Gevens, S. Goodwin, N. Gregory, B. Gugino, N. Gutmestead, D. Halterman, K. Ivors, T. Keinath, S. Johnson, M. McGrath, R. Mulrooney, M. Olanya, B. Platt, K. Rane, S. Rideout, R Roberts, J. Ristaino, D. Schmale, G. Secor, G. Vallad, and S. Zhang for providing isolates that were characterized in this work. NR 49 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1323 EP 1330 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0156-RE PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300013 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Nelson, ME Grove, GG Mahaffee, WF Turechek, WW Woods, JL AF Gent, David H. Nelson, Mark E. Grove, Gary G. Mahaffee, Walter F. Turechek, William W. Woods, Joanna L. TI Association of Spring Pruning Practices with Severity of Powdery Mildew and Downy Mildew on Hop SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPERONOSPORA HUMULI; SPHAEROTHECA-HUMULI; INFECTION; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; INOCULUM AB Downy mildew (caused by Pseudoperonospora humid and powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) are important diseases of hop in the Pacific Northwest United States, and cultural practices may affect the severity of both diseases. The association of spring pruning quality and timing with severity of downy mildew and powdery mildew was assessed through analysis of survey data collected from commercial hop yards in Oregon and Washington. Among 149 hop yards surveyed, the most common pruning method was chemical desiccation (48% of yards), mechanical pruning (23%), or a combination of these practices (15%). The quality of pruning was assessed using a three-category ordinal scale ("excellent", "moderate", or "poor") based on the amount of foliage remaining on plants following pruning. Excellent pruning quality was attained more often in yards pruned twice (74.6 to 82.1% of yards) versus once (33.8% of yards), independent of pruning method. Seasonal severity of downy mildew in Oregon increased approximately twofold with reduction in pruning quality from excellent to moderate to poor. Pruning quality was not significantly related to levels of powdery mildew on leaves or cones in Oregon. Under more severe disease pressure in Washington, however, seasonal severity of powdery mildew on leaves and the incidence of cones with powdery mildew were significantly greater in yards that had poor pruning compared with excellent pruning. Moreover, yards that had excellent pruning quality received, on average, 1.1 to 1.5 fewer fungicide applications per season for downy mildew or powdery mildew compared with yards that had moderate or poor pruning quality. This savings was associated with delayed initiation of the first application by 7.5 to 14.2 days in yards with excellent pruning quality. Replicated experiments in commercial yards in Oregon quantified the effect of delaying pruning timing 5 to 21 days compared with growers' standard practices on the diseases and yield. Downy mildew suppression by delayed pruning was dependent on cultivar and year of sampling, being significantly reduced fivefold only in 'Willamette' in 2007. Severity of powdery mildew and cone yield was similar between plots that received the delayed or standard pruning timing treatments. Collectively, these studies emphasize that early spring sanitation measures are associated with reduced primary inoculum and are critically important for managing both downy mildew and powdery mildew. A savings of at least one fungicide application per year appears achievable when spring pruning is conducted thoroughly and slightly delayed compared with growers' current practices. C1 [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nelson, Mark E.; Grove, Gary G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Mahaffee, Walter F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. [Mahaffee, Walter F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Turechek, William W.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Woods, Joanna L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, ARS, USDA, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu FU Agricultural Research Foundation; Hop Research Council; Oregon Hop Commission, Oregon State University; Washington Hop Commission, Washington State University; USDA-ARS CRIS [303-5358-22000-030-00D, 5358-21000-035-00] FX Funding for these studies was provided by the Agricultural Research Foundation, Hop Research Council, Oregon Hop Commission, Oregon State University, Washington Hop Commission, Washington State University, and USDA-ARS CRIS Projects 303-5358-22000-030-00D and 5358-21000-035-00. We thank D. Johnson and M. Twomey for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript, the many individuals who assisted in disease assessments, and the hop growers who allowed us access to their farms for sampling and shared production records. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1343 EP 1351 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-12-0084-RE PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300016 ER PT J AU Delaney, MA Sikora, EJ Delaney, DP Palm, ME Haudenshield, JS Hartman, GL AF Delaney, M. A. Sikora, E. J. Delaney, D. P. Palm, M. E. Haudenshield, J. S. Hartman, G. L. TI First Report of Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) on Florida Beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum) in Alabama SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Delaney, M. A.; Sikora, E. J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Delaney, D. P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Palm, M. E.; Haudenshield, J. S.; Hartman, G. L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Delaney, MA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1374 EP 1375 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-12-0097-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300027 ER PT J AU O'Keefe, G Davis, DD AF O'Keefe, G. Davis, D. D. TI First Confirmed Report that Puccinia horiana, Causal Agent of Chrysanthemum White Rust, Can Overwinter in Pennsylvania SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [O'Keefe, G.] Penn State Univ, USDA APHIS PPQ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [O'Keefe, G.; Davis, D. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP O'Keefe, G (reprint author), Penn State Univ, USDA APHIS PPQ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1381 EP 1381 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-12-0400-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300043 ER PT J AU Baker, CA Webster, CG Adkins, S AF Baker, C. A. Webster, C. G. Adkins, S. TI Odontonema cuspidatum and Psychotria punctata, Two New Hosts of Cucumber mosaic virus in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Baker, C. A.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32945 USA. [Webster, C. G.; Adkins, S.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Baker, CA (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32945 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1384 EP 1384 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-12-0419-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 991CO UT WOS:000307679300052 ER PT J AU Dumroese, RK Kim, MS James, RL AF Dumroese, R. Kasten Kim, Mee-Sook James, Robert L. TI Fusarium oxysporum Protects Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Seedlings from Root Disease Caused by Fusarium commune SO PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Fusarium commune; Fusarium oxysporum; nursery management; root disease; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; WILT; TOMATO; BIOCONTROL; STRAIN; MECHANISMS; SUBSTRATE; NURSERIES; INOCULUM AB Fusarium root disease can be a serious problem in forest and conservation nurseries in the western United States. Fusarium inoculum is commonly found in most container and bareroot nurseries on healthy and diseased seedlings, in nursery soils, and on conifer seeds. Fusarium spp. within the E oxysporum species complex have been recognized as pathogens for more than a century, but attempts to distinguish virulence by correlating morphological characteristics with results of pathogenicity tests were unsuccessful. Recent molecular characterization and pathogenicity tests, however, revealed that selected isolates of E oxysporum are benign on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings. Other morphologically indistinguishable isolates, which can be virulent, were identified as E commune, a recently described species. In a replicated greenhouse study, inoculating Douglas-fir seedlings with one isolate of E oxysporum prevented expression of disease caused by a virulent isolate of E commune. Moreover, seedling survival and growth was unaffected by the presence of the E oxysporum isolate, and this isolate yielded better biological control than a commercial formulation of Bacillus subtilis. These results demonstrate that an isolate of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum can effectively reduce Fusarium root disease of Douglas-fir caused by F. commune under nursery settings, and this biological control approach has potential for further development. C1 [Kim, Mee-Sook] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [James, Robert L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Dept Forestry Environm & Syst, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM mkim@kookmin.ac.kr FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Research Joint Venture Agreement [07-JV-11221662-078]; Region 1 Forest Health Protection (Coeur d'Alene Field Office); Research Program of Kookmin University in Korea FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Research Joint Venture Agreement (07-JV-11221662-078); Region 1 Forest Health Protection (Coeur d'Alene Field Office); and Research Program 2012 of Kookmin University in Korea. We thank J.R. Pinto for his assistance in the greenhouse and R. Wallace for statistical analysis. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU KOREAN SOC PLANT PATHOLOGY PI SUWON PA NATIONAL INST AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, PLANT PATHOLOGY DIVISION, SUWON, 441-707, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-2254 J9 PLANT PATHOLOGY J JI Plant Pathol. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.5423/PPJ.NT.08.2011.0155 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 000HI UT WOS:000308376800011 ER PT J AU Enneking, SA Cheng, HW Jefferson-Moore, KY Einstein, ME Rubin, DA Hester, PY AF Enneking, S. A. Cheng, H. W. Jefferson-Moore, K. Y. Einstein, M. E. Rubin, D. A. Hester, P. Y. TI Early access to perches in caged White Leghorn pullets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE perch; pullet; White Leghorn; bone mineralization; muscle deposition ID KEEL BONE DEFORMITIES; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; LAYING HENS; CONVENTIONAL CAGES; MINERAL DENSITY; FURNISHED CAGES; STOCKING DENSITY; HOUSING SYSTEMS; BATTERY CAGES; EGG QUALITY AB Osteoporosis, a progressive decrease in mineralized structural bone, causes 20 to 35% of all mortalities in caged White Leghorn hens. Previous research has focused on manipulating the egg laying environment to improve skeletal health, with little research on the pullet. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of perch access on pullet health, bone mineralization, muscle deposition, and stress in caged White Leghorns. From 0 to 17 wk of age, half of the birds were placed in cages with 2 round metal perches, while the other half did not have perches (controls). Bone mineralization and bone size traits were determined in the tibia, femur, sternum, humerus, ulna, radius, and phalange (III carpometacarpal) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Muscle weights were obtained for the breast and left leg (drum and thigh). A sample of pullets from each cage was evaluated for foot health, BW, right adrenal weight, and packed cell volume. Most measurements were taken at 3, 6, and 12 wk of age. Access to perches did not affect breast muscle weight, percentage breast muscle, percentage leg muscle, bone mineral density, bone length, bone width, adrenal weight, packed cell volume, and hyperkeratosis of the foot-pad and toes. There were no differences in BW, bone mineral content, and leg muscle weight at 3 and 6 wk of age. However, at 12 wk of age, BW (P = 0.025), bone mineral content of the tibia, sternum, and humerus (P = 0.015), and the left leg muscle weight (P = 0.006) increased in pullets with access to perches as compared with controls. These results suggest that perch access has beneficial effects on pullet health by stimulating leg muscle deposition and increasing the mineral content of certain bones without causing a concomitant decrease in bone mineral density. C1 [Enneking, S. A.; Einstein, M. E.; Hester, P. Y.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cheng, H. W.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jefferson-Moore, K. Y.] NC A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Rubin, D. A.] Illinois State Univ, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Hester, PY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM phester@purdue.edu FU Midwest Poultry Consortium; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [USDA-NIFA-AFRI 2011-67021-30114] FX This work was supported by the Midwest Poultry Consortium and the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (USDA-NIFA-AFRI 2011-67021-30114). From Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN), we thank F. A. Haan and B. D. Little for the management and care of the birds. Perches were donated by T. L. Pollard of Big Dutchman (Holland, MI) and the hatchlings were provided by Hy-Line Hatchery (Warren, IN). NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2114 EP 2120 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02328 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 991CY UT WOS:000307680300005 PM 22912444 ER PT J AU Sohail, MU Hume, ME Byrd, JA Nisbet, DJ Ijaz, A Sohail, A Shabbir, MZ Rehman, H AF Sohail, M. U. Hume, M. E. Byrd, J. A. Nisbet, D. J. Ijaz, A. Sohail, A. Shabbir, M. Z. Rehman, H. TI Effect of supplementation of prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic mixture on growth performance of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chronic heat stress; prebiotic; probiotic; ileal morphology; corticosterone ID INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; ENERGY-UTILIZATION; CHICKENS; MICROBIOTA; DIETS; HORMONE; STRAINS; PROTEIN; CELLS AB The present study was aimed at elucidating the effects of supplementing mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and probiotic mixture (PM) on growth performance, intestinal histology, and corticosterone concentrations in broilers kept under chronic heat stress (HS). Four hundred fifty 1-d-old chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups and fed a corn-soybean diet ad-libitum. The temperature control (CONT) group was held at the normal ambient temperature. Heat stress broilers were held at 35 +/- 2 degrees C from d 1 until the termination of the study at d 42. Heat stress groups consisted of HS-CONT fed the basal diet; HS-MOS fed the basal diet containing 0.5% MOS; HS-PM fed the basal diet containing 0.1% PM; and HS-SYN (synbiotic) fed 0.5% MOS and 0.1% PM in the basal diet. Broilers were examined at d 21 and 42 for BW gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum corticosterone concentrations, and ileal microarchitecture. The results revealed that the CONT group had higher (P < 0.01) feed consumption, BW gain, and lower FCR on d 21 and 42, compared with the HS-CONT group. Among supplemented groups, the HS-MOS had higher (P < 0.05) BW gain and lower FCR compared with the HS-CONT group. On d 21 and 42, the HS-CONT group had higher (P < 0.05) serum corticosterone concentrations compared with the CONT and supplemented groups. The CONT group had higher (P < 0.05) villus height, width, surface area, and crypt depth compared with the HS-CONT group. On d 21, the HS-PM had higher (P < 0.05) villus width and surface area compared with HS-CONT group. On d 42, the HS-SYN had higher (P < 0.05) villus width and crypt depth compared with the HS-CONT group. These results showed that chronic HS reduces broiler production performance, intestinal microarchitecture, and increases adrenal hormone concentrations. Also, supplementation of the MOS prebiotic and the PM can partially lessen these changes. C1 [Sohail, M. U.; Hume, M. E.; Byrd, J. A.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Sohail, M. U.] IUB, Univ Coll Vet & Anim Sci, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan. [Ijaz, A.; Rehman, H.] Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Physiol, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. [Sohail, A.; Shabbir, M. Z.] Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Univ Diagnost Lab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM michael.hume@ars.usda.gov RI Shabbir, Muhammad Zubair/F-8792-2013; OI Shabbir, Muhammad Zubair/0000-0002-3562-007X; Sohail, Muhammad Umar/0000-0003-3250-3174 FU Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan; United States Department of Agriculture, USA; HEC, Pakistan FX This work was sponsored by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan and United States Department of Agriculture, USA. Dr. Sohail MU is a recipient of a scholarship from HEC, Pakistan. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 27 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2235 EP 2240 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02182 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 991CY UT WOS:000307680300019 PM 22912458 ER PT J AU Faber, TA Dilger, RN Iakiviak, M Hopkins, AC Price, NP Fahey, GC AF Faber, T. A. Dilger, R. N. Iakiviak, M. Hopkins, A. C. Price, N. P. Fahey, G. C., Jr. TI Ingestion of a novel galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex affected growth performance and fermentative and immunological characteristics of broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chick; cytokine expression; Salmonella typhimurium; galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; NEONATAL PIGLET MODEL; REAL-TIME PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA AB Fermentable carbohydrates may enhance the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to defend against a pathogenic infection. We hypothesized that a galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex would positively affect immune status and prevent colonization and shedding in Salmonella typhimurium-infected chicks. Using a completely randomized design, 1-d-old commercial broiler chicks (n = 240 chicks; 4 replications/treatment; 5 chicks/replication) were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments differing in concentration of GGMO-AX (0, 1, 2, or 4%) or containing 2% Safmannan or 2% short-chain fructooligosaccharides. Cellulose was used to make diets iso-total dietary fiber. On d 10 posthatch, an equal number of chicks on each diet were inoculated with either phosphate-buffered saline (sham control) or Salmonella typhimurium (1 x 10(8) cfu). All birds were euthanized on d 10 postinoculation (PI) for collection of intestinal contents and select tissues. Body weight gain and feed intake of chicks were greater (P < 0.05) in infected chicks PI for all time periods, except for weight gain on d 0 to 3 PI. Gain:feed was affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with Safmannan-fed chicks having the highest G:F and 1% GGMO-AX-fed chicks having the lowest. The GGMO-AX substrate demonstrated effects similar to a prebiotic substrate as indicated by increased cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, decreased cecal pH, and increased populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. as dietary GGMO-AX concentration increased. Excreta Salmonella typhimurium populations on d 5 and 10 PI, and ileal and cecal Salmonella typhimurium populations, tended to be affected (P < 0.10) by the main effect of diet. Messenger RNA expression of IFN-gamma in the cecal tonsils was the only cytokine independently affected by infection and diet (P < 0.01). Chicks fed 2 and 4% GGMO-AX had similar expressions of IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta, regardless of infection, suggesting that Salmonella typhimurium virulence was suppressed. Dietary supplementation with GGMO-AX resulted in prebiotic-like effects but did not limit Salmonella typhimurium intestinal colonization or shedding, but possibly decreased the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium within the digestive tract. C1 [Faber, T. A.; Dilger, R. N.; Iakiviak, M.; Fahey, G. C., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Price, N. P.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hopkins, A. C.] Temple Inland, Diboll, TX 75941 USA. RP Fahey, GC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gcfahey@illinois.edu OI Dilger, Ryan/0000-0003-2538-2845 FU Temple-Inland, Diboll, TX FX Supported, in part, by Temple-Inland, Diboll, TX. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2241 EP 2254 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02189 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 991CY UT WOS:000307680300020 PM 22912459 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Shaw, JD Harrison, MA AF Musgrove, M. T. Shaw, J. D. Harrison, M. A. TI Salmonella collected from nest run cart shelves in commercial shell egg processing facilities SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shell egg; processing; Enterobacteriaceae; Salmonella; sanitation ID PLANT SANITATION PROGRAMS; CONTACT SURFACES; CONTAMINATION; ENTERITIDIS; INFECTION; HENS; FARM; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; IDENTIFICATION; TYPHIMURIUM AB Salmonella, a member of the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae, may be recovered from foods and processing facilities. High levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the processing plant environment can be an indication of inadequate sanitation. This experiment was designed to determine if nest run egg carts serve as reservoirs for Salmonella. Eggs that are produced by hens not housed in buildings connected to the processing plant are referred to as nest run. Many of these eggs are transported to a central processing facility before they are washed, graded, and packed. Two plants in the Southeastern United States were sampled; one was a mixed operation and the other was an offline operation. On each of 3 visits, 5 shelves on each of 5 carts were sampled (n = 25/visit). A 12 x 12 cm area on each shelf was swabbed with a sterile gauze pad moistened with PBS and transported on ice back to the laboratory. Each swab was preenriched in buffered peptone at 37 degrees C for 24 h, selectively enriched using TT and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth at 42 degrees C overnight, then plated onto brilliant green sulfa and XLT-4 incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Presumptive colonies were transferred to lysine iron agar and triple sugar iron slants for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Isolates with presumptive reactions were confirmed using commercial polyclonal antisera. After initial confirmation, serogrouping was performed using commercial antisera. Mixed-operation swab samples were 12% positive for Salmonella, whereas off-line samples were 36% positive for Salmonella; isolates were confirmed as serogroups B, Cl, and C2. Kauffman-White serotyping was performed by a contract laboratory. Serotypes (n = 30) recovered were Anatum, Heidelberg, Infantis, Kentucky, Mbandanka, and Typhimurium. This work demonstrated that nest run egg carts may serve as reservoirs for Salmonella in the shell egg processing environment. C1 [Musgrove, M. T.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Shaw, J. D.; Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mike.musgrove@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2386 EP 2389 DI 10.3382/ps.2012-02268 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 991CY UT WOS:000307680300039 PM 22912478 ER PT J AU McManamay, RA Orth, DJ Dolloff, CA Frimpong, EA AF McManamay, Ryan A. Orth, Donald J. Dolloff, Charles A. Frimpong, Emmaneul A. TI A REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF UNREGULATED STREAM FLOWS: SPATIAL RESOLUTION AND HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORKS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flow classification; flow standards; hydrologic alteration; regional framework ID UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; RIVER RESTORATION; LAND-USE; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; REGIMES; PHABSIM AB River regulation has resulted in substantial losses in habitat connectivity, biodiversity and ecosystem services. River managers are faced with a growing need to protect the key aspects of the natural flow regime. A practical approach to providing environmental flow standards is to create a regional framework by classifying unregulated streams into groups of similar hydrologic properties, which represent natural flow regime targets. Because spatial resolution can influence the structure of regional datasets, it may be advantageous to relate datasets created at different scales in order to establish hierarchical structure and to understand how the relative importance of variables change with regard to scale. The purpose of this study was to classify unregulated streams within an eight-state region into groups in order to provide environmental flow standards for managers and to relate that dataset to frameworks created at larger scales. Using USGS daily stream gauge information, we used 66 hydrologic statistics to classify 292 streams in groups of similar hydrologic properties. We isolated six flow classes in a sub-region of the Southeastern US that ranged from extremely stable to highly variable to intermittent. We developed classification trees to reduce the number of hydrologic variables for future classifications. By comparing flow classes in our study to those of the entire US, we found that hierarchical structure did exist and that the divergence of flow classes will largely depend on the spatial resolution. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McManamay, Ryan A.; Dolloff, Charles A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP McManamay, RA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, USDA Forest Serv, 113 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rmcmanam@vt.edu OI Orth, Donald/0000-0002-9236-0147 FU Cheoah Fund Board; Alcoa Power; USDA Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; NC Division of Water Resources-DENR FX This work was funded by the Cheoah Fund Board, a multi-agency collaboration between Alcoa Power, USDA Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the NC Division of Water Resources-DENR and other grants provided by the USDA Forest Service. Authors thank LeRoy Poff for allowing the US classification dataset to be publicly available. They also thank Jim Hendriksen for advice and helpful comments. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1033 DI 10.1002/rra.1493 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 000PK UT WOS:000308398900016 ER PT J AU Chighladze, G Kaleita, A Birrell, S Logsdon, S AF Chighladze, Giorgi Kaleita, Amy Birrell, Stuart Logsdon, Sally TI Estimating Soil Solution Nitrate Concentration from Dielectric Spectra Using Partial Least Squares Analysis SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; RESPONSE PERMITTIVITY SENSOR; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; DRINKING-WATER; FREQUENCY; CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT AB Fast and reliable methods for in situ monitoring of soil NO3-N concentration could help guide efforts to reduce NO3-N losses to ground and surface waters from agricultural systems. While several studies have been done to indirectly estimate NO3-N concentrations from time domain spectra, no research has been conducted using a frequency domain technique. Hence, the goal of this laboratory study was to estimate NO3-N concentrations from frequency-response data obtained in a frequency range of 5 Hz to 13 MHz. Dielectric spectra of soil samples wetted to five different volumetric water contents (VWC) with 24 solutions containing different concentrations of KNO3 and KCl were analyzed using a partial least squares (PLS) regression method. Global models could not estimate NO3-N concentrations with sufficient accuracy. Models based on the imaginary part of the permittivity were better than those based on the real part. The PLS model estimates were improved when low VWC data and high Cl-concentration were eliminated, reducing the RMSE for NO3-N from 57 to 28 mg L-1. The best results were obtained when the PLS models were constructed at fixed VWC levels using the data without high Cl-concentration. The performance of these models improved with increasing VWC level, reaching the lowest RMSE of 18 mg L-1 at VWC of 0.30 m(3) m(-3). C1 [Chighladze, Giorgi; Kaleita, Amy; Birrell, Stuart] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Logsdon, Sally] USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chighladze, G (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agr & Biosyst Engn, 100 Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM chige@iastate.edu RI Kaleita, Amy/J-8363-2016 OI Kaleita, Amy/0000-0002-8906-3408 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-ECCS-0601570, NSF-ECCS-0926029] FX The research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants NSF-ECCS-0601570 and NSF-ECCS-0926029. We acknowledge Loren Shiers for assistance with the solution preparation and Mark Lott for technical support provided in his workshop during construction of the temperature chamber. We are also grateful to Dr. Robert Webber for sharing his equipment and providing valuable technical advice on spectral measurement. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1536 EP 1547 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0391 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300004 ER PT J AU Li, ZZ Ma, LW Flerchinger, GN Ahuja, LR Wang, H Li, ZS AF Li, Zizhong Ma, Liwang Flerchinger, Gerald N. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Wang, Hao Li, Zishuang TI Simulation of Overwinter Soil Water and Soil Temperature with SHAW and RZ-SHAW SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; ENERGY-BALANCE; MODEL; IRRIGATION; CANOPY; SYSTEM; YIELD AB Correct simulation of overwinter condition is important for the growth of winter crops and for initial growth of spring crops. The objective of this study was to investigate overwinter soil water and temperature dynamics with the simultaneous heat and water (SHAW) model and with its linkage to the root zone water quality model (RZWQM), a hybrid model of RZWQM and SHAW (RZ-SHAW) in a Siberian wildrye grassland under two irrigation treatments (non-irrigation and pre-winter irrigation) in two seasons (2005-2006 and 2006-2007). Experimental results showed that pre-winter irrigation considerably increased soil water content for the top 60-cm soil profile in the following spring, but had little effect on soil temperature. Both SHAW and RZ-SHAW simulated these irrigation effects equally well, which demonstrated a correct linkage between RZWQM and SHAW. Across the treatments and years, the average root mean square deviation (RMSD) for simulated total soil water content (liquid plus frozen) was 0.031 m(3) m(-3) for both RZ-SHAW and SHAW models, and that for liquid water content alone was 0.028 m(3) m(-3) for both models. Both models provided better simulation of total and liquid soil water contents under non-irrigation condition than under pre-winter irrigation conditions. On average, RZ-SHAW simulated soil temperature slightly better with an average RMSD of 1.4 degrees C compared to that of 1.8 degrees C by SHAW. Both RZ-SHAW and SHAW simulated the soil freezing process well, but were less accurate in simulating the soil thawing processes, where further improvements are desirable. These simulation results show that the SHAW model is correctly implemented in RZWQM (RZ-SHAW), which adds the capability of RZWQM in simulating overwinter soil conditions that are critical for winter crops. C1 [Li, Zizhong; Wang, Hao] China Agr Univ, Dep Soil & Water Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Flerchinger, Gerald N.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Li, Zishuang] Dezhou Acad Agr Sci, Dezhou 253015, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Li, ZZ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dep Soil & Water Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM zizhong@cau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30471228, 41128001, 41071153]; National Key Technology Research and Development Program [2006BAD16B01] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30471228, no. 41128001 and no. 41071153) and the National Key Technology Research and Development Program (no. 2006BAD16B01). We also appreciate researchers at the National Grassland Ecosystem Station located in Bashang Plateau, Hebei Province, for their help with the field experiments. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1548 EP 1563 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0434 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300005 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ Schultz, DJ Paul, EA AF Calderon, Francisco J. Schultz, David J. Paul, Eldor A. TI Carbon Allocation, Belowground Transfers, and Lipid Turnover in a Plant-Microbial Association SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; ROOT EXUDATION; FATTY-ACID; UPLAND GRASSLAND; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; SOIL SYSTEM; C-14; FUNGI; RHIZOSPHERE; CITRUS AB Radioactive tracers were used to study the C allocation to coarse and fine roots, aboveground plant tissues, mycorrhizal lipids, belowground respiration, and soil in a mycorrhizal association. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench was grown in soil with a nonmycorrhizal microbial inoculum with and without Glomus clarum, a mycorrhizal inoculant. Fifty-one-day-old mycorrhizal (M) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants were subjected to a 3-h exposure to (CO2)-C-14 and sequentially harvested after 52, 54, 57, 64, and 76 d. Mycorrhizal plants assimilated 21% more C-14 than NM plants, even though they were slightly smaller in size. They also had a higher percentage and absolute allocation of C-14 to root tissue, belowground respiration, and soil. Mycorrhizal roots had a higher content of total lipids and total fatty acids. The fungal fatty acid 16:1 omega 5, usually associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, comprised up to 29.5% of the total fatty acid content of M roots, while NM roots had only trace levels of this molecule. Thin-layer chromatography was used to separate the fatty acids extracted from the roots. The C-14 of the various components was determined by radiography. The C-14 mean residence time (MRT) of the mycorrhizal fatty acid 16:1 omega 5 was calculated at 7.1 d. The monoenoic, saturated, and total fatty acids had MRTs ranging from 11.1 to 14.3 d. The lipids of NM roots incorporated less C-14 label. This underscores the difference in the lipid C cycle between the M and NM roots. Translocation of the C-14 to soil was 6.3% of the photosynthesized C in the M plants relative to only 2.4% in the NM plants, giving an indication of its movement into the mycorrhizal hyphae as well as to the soil. C1 [Calderon, Francisco J.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Schultz, David J.] Univ Louisville, Dep Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Paul, Eldor A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 61 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1614 EP 1623 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0440 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300010 ER PT J AU Spargo, JT Cavigelli, MA Alley, MM Maul, JE Buyer, JS Sequeira, CH Follett, RF AF Spargo, John T. Cavigelli, Michel A. Alley, Mark M. Maul, Jude E. Buyer, Jeffrey S. Sequeira, Cleiton H. Follett, Ronald F. TI Changes in Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions with Duration of No-Tillage Management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; LONG-TERM; MATTER FRACTIONS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; STRATIFICATION RATIO; DIFFUSION METHODS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; QUALITY; SEQUESTRATION AB The influence of no-tillage (NT) management on labile soil N is poorly defined. To quantify changes in soil C and N fractions with duration of NT, we sampled Kempsville sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults) soils in the Coastal Plain of Virginia from farm fields that had similar cropping histories and nutrient management but varied in amount of time in continuous NT from 0 to 11 yr. At the 0- to 2.5-cm soil depth, there was a linear increase with time in NT for total organic C, total organic N, particulate organic matter (POM)-C, POM-N, POM-C/total organic C, POM-N/total organic N, hydrolyzable unidentified-nitrogen (hUN-N) and NH4-N (hNH(4)-N), and various biochemical classes of pyrolysate compounds determined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). At the 2.5- to 7.5-cm soil depth, there was a linear increase with time in NT for total organic C and N, hUN-N, hNH(4)-N, hydrolyzable alpha amino acid-nitrogen (AA-N) and amino sugar-nitrogen (AS-N) only; these rates of increase were lower than at the 0- to 2.5-cm depth. No measured C and N fractions increased at the 7.5- to 15-cm soil depth but POM-C/total organic C and POM-N/total organic N declined (p <= 0.10) at this depth, suggesting that the recalcitrance of C and N fractions increased at 7.5- to 15-cm in 11 yr. These patterns indicate that a new equilibrium level for these C and N fractions had not been reached but that their stratification of C and N pools with soil depth increased during 11 yr in NT. At the 0- to 2.5-cm depth, the labile N fractions, AA-N and AS-N approached or reached new equilibrium levels within 11 yr. Since these fractions are derived from soil microbial and plant biomass, the initial rapid increase in these fractions likely reflects an increase in N immobilization in the short term (3-6 yr) following adoption of NT. After this initial transition period, levels of AA-N and AS-N approach new elevated equilibrium levels, which would be reflected in a higher net N mineralization rate than under the previous tilled system. These results indicate that absolute values for labile soil N fractions such as AA-N and AS-N may not be readily interpretable with respect to soil fertility recommendations without considering whether these values are changing over time or are at an equilibrium level. Different patterns of change in POM-N vs. AA-N and AS-N indicate that these labile N fractions are distinct and may provide different types of information with respect to quantifying changes in soil fertility with time under NT. C1 [Spargo, John T.] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cavigelli, Michel A.; Maul, Jude E.; Buyer, Jeffrey S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alley, Mark M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sequeira, Cleiton H.] Koch Agron Serv, N Wichita, KS 67220 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Spargo, JT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, 682 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM spargo@umext.umass.edu OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 FU USDA-NRCS; Virginia Environmental Endowment, Phillip Morris International; Virginia Agricultural Council FX Our appreciation is extended to all of the producer cooperators for giving us access to farm fields to collect soil samples and providing us with management history. Without their help, this work would not have been possible. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions. Financial support for this research was provided by the USDA-NRCS through a Conservation Innovation Grant, The Virginia Environmental Endowment, Phillip Morris International, and The Virginia Agricultural Council. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 79 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1624 EP 1633 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0337 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300011 ER PT J AU Levine, CR Yanai, RD Vadeboncoeur, MA Hamburg, SP Melvin, AM Goodale, CL Rau, BM Johnson, DW AF Levine, Carrie R. Yanai, Ruth D. Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A. Hamburg, Steven P. Melvin, April M. Goodale, Christine L. Rau, Benjamin M. Johnson, Dale W. TI Assessing the Suitability of Rotary Coring for Sampling in Rocky Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING ROOT BIOMASS; ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; CALCIUM ADDITION; FOREST; CORES; PITS AB Forest soils are difficult to sample quantitatively because of obstruction by rocks and coarse roots. Collecting quantitative soil cores with a motorized diamond-tipped cylindrical bit can provide much faster access to deep soil samples than digging quantitative soil pits. However, the grinding of rock and soil during coring could elevate exchangeable cation concentrations relative to samples collected manually. We compared soils collected by rotary coring to those collected from quantitative pits at four sites in the United States with differing soil types: Alfisols in California (CA), Mollisols in Nevada (NV), Inceptisols in New York (NY), and Spodosols in New Hampshire (NH). Estimates of soil mass were 34% higher from cores than pits at the NY site (p < 0.0001). Estimates of rock mass were lower in cores than pits by 60% at the NH site (p < 0.0001), by 36% at the NY site (p < 0.0001), and by 55% at the CA site (p = 0.002). Exchangeable K was significantly elevated in cores relative to pits at all four sites by 32 to 1700%, and Ca, Mg, and Na showed elevated concentrations at one or more sites. We tested whether the inner portion of the core was comparable to samples from pits, but found that the rotary action of the corer mixed soils throughout the core bit at the two sites we tested. Coring does have the advantage that more samples can be collected for the same effort, compared to pits. Some degree of inaccuracy might be acceptable in a tradeoff for greater precision in the site-level mean, for example in studies aimed at detecting change in soil nutrients over time. C1 [Levine, Carrie R.; Yanai, Ruth D.] SUNY Syracuse, Dept Forest & Nat Resource Management, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hamburg, Steven P.] Environm Def Fund, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Melvin, April M.; Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rau, Benjamin M.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Levine, CR (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Dept Forest & Nat Resource Management, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM crlevi01@syr.edu OI Vadeboncoeur, Matthew/0000-0002-8269-0708 FU National Science Foundation; Northeastern States Research Cooperative of the USDA Forest Service; McIntire-Stennis and Hatch programs; Joint Fire Sciences Program; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Joel Blum for the initial suggestion that grinding rocks and soil during coring might affect the cation concentrations in our samples. We thank Tyler Refsland, Kikang Bae, and Braulio Quintero for assistance with the collection of soil cores in New Hampshire and New York, and Guin Fredriksen for pit excavation at the New York sites. Steve Stehman and Eddie Bevilacqua provided statistical expertise, and Brendan Finney assisted with graphics. This study was supported by grants to RDY from the National Science Foundation and the Northeastern States Research Cooperative of the USDA Forest Service, to CLG from the McIntire-Stennis and Hatch programs, to BMR from the Joint Fire Sciences Program, and to DWJ from the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1707 EP 1718 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0425 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300019 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Caesar-TonThat, T Lenssen, AW Barsotti, JL AF Sainju, Upendra M. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan Lenssen, Andrew W. Barsotti, Joy L. TI Dryland Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; METHANE OXIDATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; OXIDE; AGRICULTURE; FLUXES; WHEAT; MANAGEMENT AB Information is needed to mitigate dryland soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by using novel management practices. We evaluated the effects of cropping sequence and N fertilization on dryland soil temperature and water content at the 0- to 15-cm depth and surface CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes in a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid, Typic Argiustolls) in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-tilled continuous malt barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) (NTCB), no-tilled malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB-P), and conventional-tilled malt barley-fallow (CTB-F) (control), each with 0 and 80 kg N ha(-1). Gas fluxes were measured at 3 to 14 d intervals using static, vented chambers from March to November 2008 to 2011. Soil temperature varied but water content was greater in CTB-F than in other treatments. The GHG fluxes varied with date of sampling, peaking immediately after substantial precipitation (>15 mm) and N fertilization during increased soil temperature. Total CO2 flux from March to November was greater in NTCB and NTB-P with 80 kg N ha(-1) than in other treatments from 2008 to 2010. Total N2O flux was greater in NTCB with 0 kg N ha(-1) and in NTB-P with 80 kg N ha(-1) than in other treatments in 2008 and 2011. Total CH4 uptake was greater with 80 than with 0 kg N ha(-1) in NTCB in 2009 and 2011. Because of intermediate level of CO2 equivalent of GHG emissions and known favorable effect on malt barley yield, NTB-P with 0 kg N ha(-1) might mitigate GHG emissions and sustain crop yields compared to other treatments in eastern Montana. For accounting global warming potential of management practices, however, additional information on soil C dynamics and CO2 associated with production inputs and machinery use are needed. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan; Barsotti, Joy L.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Lenssen, Andrew W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS GRACEnet project FX We greatly appreciate the help and support by Michael Johnson and Mark Gaffri for the management of field plots and Chris Russell, Jun Wang, and Ethan Schaff for collecting gas samples in the field and analyzing in the laboratory. We also acknowledge the partial financial support provided by USDA-ARS GRACEnet project for this study. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1741 EP 1757 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0076 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300022 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, X. -C. (John) TI Cropping and Tillage Systems Effects on Soil Erosion under Climate Change in Oklahoma SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHANGE IMPACTS; MODEL OUTPUT; PRECIPITATION; RUNOFF; SIMULATION; FREQUENCY; TRENDS; WEPP AB Soil erosion under future climate change is very likely to increase because of increases in occurrence of heavy storms. The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of common cropping and tillage systems on soil erosion and surface runoff during 2010 to 2039 in central Oklahoma. A combination of 18 cropping and tillage systems is evaluated using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model for 12 climate change scenarios projected by four global climate models (GCMs) under three emissions scenarios. Tillage systems include conventional, reduced, delayed, and no tillage. Cropping systems include continuous monocultures of winter wheat, soybean, sorghum, and cotton and double crops of wheat and soybeans. Compared with the present climate, overall t tests show that the future mean precipitation will decrease by some 6% (>98.5% probability), daily precipitation variance increase by 12% (>99%), and mean temperature increase by 1.36 degrees C (>99%). Despite the projected precipitation declines, the overall averaged runoff and soil loss will increase by 19.5 and 43.5% because of increased occurrence of large storms. Soil erosion is positively related to the degree of tillage disturbances in all cropping systems. Compared with the conventional till, reduced, delayed, and no tillage substantially reduce soil erosion, showing that adoption of conservation tillage will be effective in controlling soil erosion in the next 30 yr. Cropping systems decrease runoff and soil loss from continuous cotton to soybean to sorghum to wheat in all tillage systems under climate change, indicating a preference of winter wheat for controlling runoff and soil loss in the region. C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 52 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1789 EP 1797 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0085 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300026 ER PT J AU Parsekian, AD Slater, L Ntarlagiannis, D Nolan, J Sebesteyen, SD Kolka, RK Hanson, PJ AF Parsekian, Andrew D. Slater, Lee Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrious Nolan, James Sebesteyen, Stephen D. Kolka, Randall K. Hanson, Paul J. TI Uncertainty in Peat Volume and Soil Carbon Estimated Using Ground-Penetrating Radar and Probing SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER-CONTENT; PEATLANDS; GPR; STRATIGRAPHY; CALIBRATION; VELOCITY; HOLOCENE; CANADA; CYCLE AB Estimating soil C stock in a peatland is highly dependent on accurate measurement of the peat volume. In this study, we evaluated the uncertainty in calculations of peat volume using high-resolution data to resolve the three-dimensional structure of a peat basin based on both direct (push probes) and indirect geophysical (ground-penetrating radar) measurements. We compared volumetric estimates from both approaches, accounting for potential sources of error, with values from the literature. Approximate uncertainty of 14 to 23% was observed in the basin volume, and the total uncertainty roughly doubled when incorporating peat properties to derive the estimated C pool. Uncertainties in final C stock values are based on the uncertainty of the basin volumes and the variability in the peat properties and range between 31 and 38%. The results indicate that the well-established ground-penetrating radar technique that is scalable to larger peatlands can be used to obtain estimates of peat basin volumes at uncertainty levels similar to those for invasive direct probe surveys. This investigation demonstrated that ground-penetrating radar can quantify peat basin volumes at uniquely high spatial resolution without the need for extensive and invasive direct probing. C1 [Parsekian, Andrew D.; Slater, Lee; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrious; Nolan, James] Rutgers State Univ, Dep Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Sebesteyen, Stephen D.; Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Hanson, Paul J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parsekian, AD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dep Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM parsekia@stanford.edu RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Parsekian, Andrew/0000-0001-5072-9818 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division under Oak Ridge National Lab. [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division under subcontract from Oak Ridge National Lab., which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We would like to thank C. T. Garten, J. Childs, C. A. Gunderson, L. Hook, C. M. Iversen, P. J. Mulholland, R. J. Norby, J. Phillips, C. Schadt, D. E. Todd, J. Warren, and S. D. Wullschleger (Oak Ridge National Lab.); E. S. Verry (Ellen River Partners); J. B. Bradford, D. M. Olson, D. Kastendick, B. J. Palik, and especially C. Dorrance and D. Kyllander (U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station) for their knowledge and assistance with this project. We would also like to thank I. Buff am (University of Cincinnati) and the anonymous reviewers who provided comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1911 EP 1918 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0040 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300037 ER PT J AU Falxa-Raymond, N Patterson, AE Schuster, WSF Griffin, KL AF Falxa-Raymond, Nancy Patterson, Angelica E. Schuster, William S. F. Griffin, Kevin L. TI Oak loss increases foliar nitrogen, delta N-15 and growth rates of Betula lenta in a northern temperate deciduous forest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black birch; forest disturbance; nitrate reductase; nitrogen cycling; oak girdling; stable isotopes; temperate forest ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SOIL-NITROGEN; N-15 ABUNDANCE; NEW-YORK; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; EASTERN TENNESSEE AB Oak forests dominate much of the eastern USA, but their future is uncertain due to a number of threats and widespread failure of oak regeneration. A sudden loss of oaks (Quercus spp.) could be accompanied by major changes in forest nitrogen (N) cycles with important implications for plant nutrient uptake and tree species composition. In this study, we measured the changes in N use and growth rates of black birch trees (Betula lenta L.) following oak girdling at the Black Rock Forest in southeastern New York, USA. Data were collected from nine experimental plots composed of three treatments: 100% oaks girdled (OG), 50% oaks girdled (O50) and control (C). Foliar N concentration and foliar N-15 abundance increased significantly in the oak-girdled plots relative to the control, indicating that the loss of oaks significantly altered N cycling dynamics. As mineralization and nitrification rates increase following oak loss, black birch trees increase N absorption as indicated by higher foliar N content and increased growth rates. Foliar N concentration increased by 15.5% in the O50 and 30.6% in the OG plots relative to the control, while O50 and OG plots were enriched in N-15 by 1.08 parts per thousand and 3.33 parts per thousand, respectively (P < 0.0001). A 641% increase in black birch growth rates in OG plots suggests that this species is able to respond to additional N availability and/or increased light availability. The loss of oaks and subsequent increase in black birch productivity may have a lasting impact on ecosystem form and function. C1 [Falxa-Raymond, Nancy; Griffin, Kevin L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Patterson, Angelica E.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Schuster, William S. F.] Black Rock Forest Consortium, Cornwall, NY 12518 USA. [Patterson, Angelica E.; Griffin, Kevin L.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Falxa-Raymond, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, NYC Urban Field Stn, Ft Totten Cluster 2,Box 12, Bayside, NY 11359 USA. EM njfalxaraymond@fs.fed.us FU Black Rock Forest Consortium; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0949387] FX This work was supported by The Black Rock Forest Consortium small grants program (to N.F.-R. and A. E. P.); The Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship (to N.F.-R.); and The U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-0949387 to K.L.G.) NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1092 EP 1101 DI 10.1093/treephys/tps068 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 008HL UT WOS:000308947900005 PM 22851552 ER PT J AU Irie, T Liu, YL Drolet, BS Carnero, E Garcia-Sastre, A Harty, RN AF Irie, Takashi Liu, Yuliang Drolet, Barbara S. Carnero, Elena Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Harty, Ronald N. TI Cytopathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Is Regulated by the PSAP Motif of M Protein in a Species-Dependent Manner SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE vesicular stomatitis virus; VSV recombinant; M protein; apoptosis; cytopathic; CPE; insect; persistence; motif ID HOST GENE-EXPRESSION; MATRIX PROTEIN; IN-VIVO; APOPTOSIS; INHIBITION; CELLS; INDUCTION; RHABDOVIRUSES; TRANSLATION; CONTRIBUTE AB Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an important vector-borne pathogen of bovine and equine species, causing a reportable vesicular disease. The matrix (M) protein of VSV is multifunctional and plays a key role in cytopathogenesis, apoptosis, host protein shut-off, and virion assembly/budding. Our previous findings indicated that mutations of residues flanking the (37)PSAP(40) motif within the M protein resulted in VSV recombinants having attenuated phenotypes in mice. In this report, we characterize the phenotype of VSV recombinant PS > A4 (which harbors four alanines (AAAA) in place of the PSAP motif without disruption of flanking residues) in both mice, and in Aedes albopictus C6/36 mosquito and Culicoides sonorensis KC cell lines. The PS > A4 recombinant displayed an attenuated phenotype in infected mice as judged by weight loss, mortality, and viral titers measured from lung and brain samples of infected animals. However, unexpectedly, the PS > A4 recombinant displayed a robust cytopathic phenotype in insect C6/36 cells compared to that observed with control viruses. Notably, titers of recombinant PS > A4 were approximately 10-fold greater than those of control viruses in infected C6/36 cells and in KC cells from Culicoides sonorensis, a known VSV vector species. In addition, recombinant PS > A4 induced a 25-fold increase in the level of C3 caspase activity in infected C6/36 cells. These findings indicate that the PSAP motif plays a direct role in regulating cytopathogenicity in a species-dependent manner, and suggest that the intact PSAP motif may be important for maintaining persistence of VSV in an insect host. C1 [Liu, Yuliang; Harty, Ronald N.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Irie, Takashi] Hiroshima Univ, Inst Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Virol, Minami Ku, Hiroshima 7348551, Japan. [Drolet, Barbara S.] ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Carnero, Elena] Univ Navarra, Dept Hepatol & Gene Therapy, E-31009 Pamplona, Spain. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Global Hlth & Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Harty, RN (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 3800 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM tirie@hiroshima-u.ac.jp; yuliang@vet.upenn.edu; barbara.drolet@ars.usda.gov; ecarnero@unav.es; adolfo.garcia-sastre@mssm.edu; rharty@vet.upenn.edu OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIH [AI46499, AI090284]; CIVIA, an NIAID-funded center [U19 AI62623] FX The authors would like to thank members of the Harty laboratory for critical comments on the manuscript, Shiho Irie for excellent technical assistance, and Deborah Argento for assistance in preparation of the figures. The authors also thank Kruger Bryant, ABADRU, for providing the Culicoides sonorensis KC cells. Support for this study was provided in part by NIH grants AI46499 and AI090284 (R.N.H.). This study was supported in part by CIVIA, an NIAID-funded center (U19 AI62623) to investigate viral immune antagonism (A.G.-S.). NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD SEP PY 2012 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1605 EP 1618 DI 10.3390/v4091605 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 012XF UT WOS:000309269300013 PM 23170175 ER PT J AU Ouyang, Y AF Ouyang, Ying TI Designing a Dynamic Data-Driven Application System for Estimating Real-Time Load of Dissolved Organic Carbon in a River SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE DDDAS; DOC; Real-time; River; Water quality ID CHLOROPHYLL-A; LAKES AB Understanding the dynamics of naturally occurring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a river is central to estimating surface water quality, aquatic carbon cycling, and global climate change. Currently, determination of DOC in surface water is primarily accomplished by manually collecting samples for laboratory analysis, which requires at least 24 h. In other words, no effort has been devoted to monitoring real-time variations of DOC in a river due to the lack of suitable and/or cost-effective wireless sensors. However, when considering human health, carbon footprints, effects of urbanization, industry, and agriculture on water supply, timely DOC information may be critical. We have developed here a new paradigm of a dynamic data-driven application system (DDDAS) for estimating the real-time load of DOC into a river. This DDDAS was validated with field measurements prior to its applications. Results show that the real-time load of DOC in the river varied over a range from -13,143 to 29,248 kg/h at the selected site. The negative loads occurred because of the back flow in the estuarine reach of the river. The cumulative load of DOC in the river for the selected site at the end of the simulation (178 h) was about 1.2 tons. Our results support the utility of the DDDAS developed in this study for estimating the real-time variation of DOC in a river ecosystem. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ouyang, Y (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA, 100 Stone Blvd,Thompson Hall,Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM youyang@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 223 IS 8 BP 5289 EP 5296 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1279-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 007GA UT WOS:000308875600053 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Shields, FD Testa, S AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Testa, Sam, III TI Effects of a Simulated Agricultural Runoff Event on Sediment Toxicity in a Managed Backwater Wetland SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; S-metolachlor; Permethrin; Pesticides; Riverine wetland; Hyalella azteca ID HYALELLA-AZTECA SAUSSURE; MISSISSIPPI-DELTA SOILS; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; METHYL-PARATHION; SURFACE WATERS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CENTRAL VALLEY; SHALLOW LAKES AB We examined the effects of an amended mixture of three pesticides, atrazine (72.7 g), S-metolachlor (54.5 g), and permethrin (both cis and trans isomers; 11.4 g), on 10-day sediment toxicity to Hyalella azteca in a managed natural backwater wetland after a simulated agricultural runoff event. Sediment samples were collected at 10, 40, 100, 300, and 500 m from inflow 13 days prior to amendment and 1, 5, 12, 22, and 36 days post-amendment. Background pesticide concentrations ranged from < 1 to 977, < 1 to 119, and < 1 to 2 mu g kg(-1), for atrazine, S-metolachlor, and permethrin, respectively. Average post-amendment atrazine and S-metolachlor were 2,915-3,927 and 3-20 mu g kg(-1), respectively at 10-40 m and 538-872 and < 1 mu g kg(-1), respectively at 300-500 m. Average post-amendment permethrin was 65-200 mu g kg(-1) at 10-40 m and 1-10 mu g kg(-1) at 300-500 m. H. azteca 10-day survival varied spatially and temporally up to 100 m from inflow. Animal growth, independent of survival, was reduced 40 and 100 m from inflow on day 36, showing continued sediment toxicity of up to 100 m from inflow more than 1 month after amendment. Animal survival and growth were unaffected at 300 and 500 m from inflow throughout the study period. Correlations of pesticide concentrations and H. azteca responses indicated that observed sediment toxicity was primarily from permethrin with potential additional synergistic toxicity from atrazine and methyl parathion. Study results indicate that natural backwater wetlands can be managed to ameliorate pesticide mixture 10-day sediment toxicity to H. azteca within 300 m of inflow and smaller wetlands (a parts per thousand currency sign100 m) may require several months of effluent retention to mitigate effects. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Testa, Sam, III] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov; Doug.shields@ars.usda.gov; Sam.testa@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 223 IS 8 BP 5375 EP 5389 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1287-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 007GA UT WOS:000308875600061 ER PT J AU Pierce, SC Moore, MT Larsen, D Pezeshki, SR AF Pierce, Samuel C. Moore, Matt T. Larsen, Dan Pezeshki, S. R. TI Macronutrient (N, P, K) and Redoximorphic Metal (Fe, Mn) Allocation in Leersia oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass) Grown Under Different Flood Regimes (vol 207, pg 73, 2010) SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Correction C1 [Pierce, Samuel C.; Pezeshki, S. R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Moore, Matt T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Larsen, Dan] Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Pierce, SC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM spierce1@memphis.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 223 IS 8 BP 5515 EP 5516 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1231-4 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 007GA UT WOS:000308875600072 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Lowney, MS Gosser, AL AF Washburn, Brian E. Lowney, Martin S. Gosser, Allen L. TI HISTORICAL AND CURRENT STATUS OF LAUGHING GULLS BREEDING IN NEW YORK STATE SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEST SITE SELECTION; JAMAICA-BAY; LARUS-ATRICILLA; SALT MARSHES; NEW-JERSEY; WATERBIRDS; PHRAGMITES; COLONY; CITY AB The Laughing Gull (Leucophaeus atricilla) was extripated as a breeding bird from New York State by 1900. Recolonization of coastal New York by this colonial waterbird occurred in 1979 with discovery of 15 breeding pairs in Jamaica Bay (Queens County) New York, New York. We conducted a survey of Long Island salt marsh habitats in 2008 to document if other breeding colonies of Laughing Gulls existed. We identified 66 individual possible breeding areas and field surveys were conducted in each area during June 2008. Many areas appeared to provide suitable nesting habitat (i.e., large areas of salt marsh dominated by Spartina), but no evidence of Laughing Gull nesting was found. A better understanding of Laughing Gull populations within the northeast coastal region and the effects of ongoing gull control near New York airports is needed for their conservation. Received 26 September 2011. Accepted 22 March 2012. C1 [Washburn, Brian E.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Lowney, Martin S.; Gosser, Allen L.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov FU Port Authority of New York; Port Authority of New Jersey; USDA Wildlife Services FX We thank L. A. Tyson, L. A. Humberg, J. J. Albanese, D. R. Nicolay, and others for field assistance. We appreciate the data and information provided by many individuals from several agencies and groups. Financial and logistical support for this project was provided by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and USDA Wildlife Services. This research was approved by the National Wildlife Research Center IACUC (QA-1131). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 IS 3 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YQ UT WOS:000308786400012 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Tillman, EA Keacher, KL Arnett, JE Lundy, KJ AF Avery, Michael L. Tillman, Eric A. Keacher, Kandy L. Arnett, John E. Lundy, Kelli J. TI BIOLOGY OF INVASIVE MONK PARAKEETS IN SOUTH FLORIDA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYIOPSITTA-MONACHUS; BREEDING SUCCESS; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; HYDE-PARK; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; SIZE; DISPERSAL; RECESSION AB Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) have been in Florida for >40 yrs, having been imported by the thousands for the pet trade. This conspicuous, charismatic species is now widely established, but relatively little is known about its population biology outside South America. We examined 845 parakeets from 385 nests from nest removals and collections by utility company personnel in 2003/2004 and 2006/2007 to document body size and aspects of reproductive biology and primary molt. Body measurements confirm Monk Parakeets in south Florida belong to the monachus subspecies. Adult males averaged 1.5 to 3.5% larger than females, but the body mass of females exceeded that of males during March May, the period of egg development. The breeding season in south Florida commences in late winter/early spring with fledglings first appearing in the second week of June. Nest contents (eggs plus nestlings) averaged 5.6 for multiple-entry nests compared to 4.9 for single-entry nests. Over 94% of the adults we examined were replacing primary feathers during June August. The extent and timing of breeding and molt in south Florida are virtually identical to those in South America, although offset by 6 months. Monk Parakeets in south Florida retain a fixed annual cycle characteristic of the ancestral population, but their flexible behavior enables them to adapt and thrive in new environments. Received 1 November 2011. Accepted 3 March 2012. C1 [Avery, Michael L.; Tillman, Eric A.; Keacher, Kandy L.; Lundy, Kelli J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Arnett, John E.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. EM michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov FU National Wildlife Research Center; Florida Power and Light (FPL) Company; Pandion Systems Inc. FX Funding was provided by the National Wildlife Research Center and Florida Power and Light (FPL) Company through a cooperative research agreement with Pandion Systems Inc. (J. R. Newman, president). We appreciate the field assistance and support provided by J. R. Lindsay, Buddy Merchant, Donald Hoffmeier, and Joseph Wright of FPL during the project. J. R. Eberhard provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 IS 3 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YQ UT WOS:000308786400018 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Gehring, TM Landry, JM AF VerCauteren, Kurt C. Lavelle, Michael J. Gehring, Thomas M. Landry, Jean-Marc TI Cow dogs: Use of livestock protection dogs for reducing predation and transmission of pathogens from wildlife to cattle SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Depredation; Disease; Livestock protection dog ID TO-DEER TRANSMISSION; GUARDING DOGS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; DOMESTIC SHEEP; DETERRING DEER; SHOCK COLLARS; MICHIGAN; DISEASES; TUBERCULOSIS; WOLVES AB Dogs have been employed to protect an array of resources from various species of offending wildlife. Historically, livestock protection dogs (LPDs) protected domestic sheep and goats from predators based on development of a strong bond between protected and protector. Within reason, developing that bond between a LPD and other species of livestock should be achievable. We conducted several studies in which we raised and bonded LPDs with bovine calves and evaluated them for protecting cattle in a variety of settings. Though successful strategies in developing LPDs to protect cattle were similar to those established for sheep, we found differences that were important for optimizing the process. Here we outline our strategies for developing LPDs for maintaining separation between cattle and wild ungulates that are reservoirs of disease that cattle are susceptible to as well as wild carnivores that are predators of cattle. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Lavelle, Michael J.] USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gehring, Thomas M.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Landry, Jean-Marc] Inst Promot & Res Guarding Anim, Martigny, Switzerland. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU Central Michigan University (Research Excellence Fund Award); Central Michigan University College of Graduate Studies; USDA APHIS WS National Wildlife Research Center; USDA - Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program; Animal Welfare Institute (Christine Stevens Wildlife Award); Defenders of Wildlife; CITGO Petroleum, Inc.; National Geographic Society-Conservation Trust; French Ministry of Agriculture (credit d'urgence loup) FX Our work was funded by Central Michigan University (Research Excellence Fund Award), Central Michigan University College of Graduate Studies, USDA APHIS WS National Wildlife Research Center, USDA - Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, Animal Welfare Institute (Christine Stevens Wildlife Award), Defenders of Wildlife, CITGO Petroleum, Inc., National Geographic Society-Conservation Trust, and the French Ministry of Agriculture (credit d'urgence loup). We are grateful to all producers that participated, student volunteers, and A. Cellar and M. Provost for valuable field assistance. We could not have achieved the results we did without valuable consultations with R. Coppinger, C. de La Cruz, K. Woods, J. Green, and R. Woodruff. Expertise and care provided by breeders including P. Brunkala, J. Ketcham, M. McGuire, and F. Wenger was essential. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 140 IS 3-4 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.06.006 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 000MG UT WOS:000308389800003 ER PT J AU Kovalev, V Wold, C Petkov, A Hao, WM AF Kovalev, Vladimir Wold, Cyle Petkov, Alexander Hao, Wei Min TI Direct multiangle solution for poorly stratified atmospheres SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTINCTION-COEFFICIENT PROFILE; BACKSCATTER-COEFFICIENT; DISTORTIONS; ERRORS; CLEAR AB The direct multiangle solution is considered, which allows improving the scanning lidar-data-inversion accuracy when the requirement of the horizontally stratified atmosphere is poorly met. The signal measured at zenith or close to zenith is used as a core source for extracting optical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol loading. The multiangle signals are used as auxiliary data to extract the vertical transmittance profile from the zenith signal. Details of the retrieval methodology are considered that eliminate, or at least soften, some specific ambiguities in the multiangle measurements in horizontally heterogeneous atmospheres. Simulated and experimental elastic lidar data are presented that illustrate the essentials of the data-processing technique. Finally, the prospects of the utilization of high-spectral-resolution lidar in the multiangle mode are discussed. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Kovalev, Vladimir; Wold, Cyle; Petkov, Alexander; Hao, Wei Min] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Kovalev, V (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM vkovalev@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 25 BP 6139 EP 6146 DI 10.1364/AO.51.006139 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 003GF UT WOS:000308595500026 PM 22945162 ER PT J AU Weber, JG AF Weber, Jeremy G. TI The effects of a natural gas boom on employment and income in Colorado, Texas, and Wyoming SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Shale gas; Resource extraction; Economic growth ID GROWTH; IMPACT; OIL; ECONOMIES; STATES; CURSE AB Improvements in technology have made it profitable to tap unconventional gas reservoirs in relatively impermeable shale and sandstone deposits, which are spread throughout the U.S., mostly in rural areas. Proponents of gas drilling point to the activity's local economic benefits yet no empirical studies have systematically documented the magnitude or distribution of economic gains. I estimate these gains for counties in Colorado, Texas, and Wyoming, three states where natural gas production expanded substantially since the late 1990s. I find that a large increase in the value of gas production caused modest increases in employment, wage and salary income, and median household income. The results suggest that each million dollars in gas production created 2.35 jobs in the county of production, which led to an annualized increase in employment that was 1.5% of the pre-boom level for the average gas boom county. Comparisons show that ex-ante estimates of the number of jobs created by developing the Fayetteville and Marcellus shale gas formations may have been too large. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Weber, JG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 355 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1580 EP 1588 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.11.013 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 002XW UT WOS:000308573300031 ER PT J AU Bharadwaj, A Stafford, KC Behle, RW AF Bharadwaj, Anuja Stafford, Kirby C., III Behle, Robert W. TI Efficacy and Environmental Persistence of Nootkatone for the Control of the Blacklegged Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) in Residential Landscapes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; nootkatone; Metarhizium; biopesticide; tick control ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; F52 HYPOCREALES CLAVICIPITACEAE; LYME-DISEASE; ESSENTIAL OIL; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; NEW-YORK; CONNECTICUT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GRAPEFRUIT; PREVENTION AB The ability of the plant-derived compound nootkatone to control nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, was evaluated at lawn perimeter plots at homes in Lyme disease endemic areas of Connecticut. Three formulations of nootkatone ranging from 0.05 to 0.84% (0.06-1.03 g AI/m(2)) were applied by a hydraulic sprayer from 2008 to 2010. In 2008, the 0.84% emulsifiable nootkatone formulation provided 100% control of I. scapularis through week 1, but declined to 49 and 0% by 2 and 3 wk posttreatment, respectively. A combination of 0.05% nootkatone and entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum Petch F52, resulted in 50% control for the first week posttreatment and no control in subsequent weeks. The 0.84% emulsifiable nootkatone formulation was phytotoxic, although no damage was observed with the 0.05% formulation with Metarhizium. Residual analysis of nootkatone collected on filter paper disks showed that >= 95% of the emulsified nootkatone for both formulations was lost within 7 d after application. A lignin-encapsulated nootkatone formulation (0.56 and 0.46% in 2009 and 2010, respectively) provided 100% control of I. scapularis for 8 wk in 2009 and, in 2010, 67% control at approximate to 1 wk posttreatment with respect to the pretreatment counts, although there was no difference in tick abundance posttreatment. A 0.60% Maillard-reaction encapsulated nootkatone formulation in 2010 provided a similar level of control (62%). Nootkatone in the lignin and Maillard formulations were more persistent than the emulsifiable formulation. Little or no phytotoxicity was observed with the encapsulated formulations. Encapsulating nootkatone reduced phytotoxicity and appeared to reduce environmental loss. While nootkatone can provide effective tick control, further work is needed to refine formulations to address phytotoxicity, yet provide sufficient material to control ticks. C1 [Bharadwaj, Anuja; Stafford, Kirby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Behle, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bharadwaj, A (reprint author), Dept Emergency Serv & Publ Protect, Div Sci Serv, Meriden, CT 06451 USA. EM anuja.bharadwaj@ct.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1U01CK000110, 5U01CK000110] FX We thank Heidi Stuber and summer research assistants at The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) for their assistance with fieldwork. We particularly wish to acknowledge the assistance of Terri Arsenault and the Department of Analytical Chemistry, CAES, for their work in analyzing the field samples for nootkatone. Thanks are also extended to Lina B. Flor-Weiler and Alyssa Wetterauer at National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL. We also thank Jarrod E. Leland (Novozymes Biologicals Inc., Salem, VA) for providing the fungus M. brunneum strain F52. We appreciate the assistance of Country Green (Monroe, CT) and Grassman, LLC (South Windsor, CT) in making the spray applications. Financial support for this study was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Cooperative Agreements 1U01CK000110 and 5U01CK000110). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1044 DI 10.1603/ME11251 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 007YK UT WOS:000308924100010 PM 23025184 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Howard, LR Wilkes, SE Rogers, TJ Prior, RL AF Khanal, Ramesh C. Howard, Luke R. Wilkes, Samuel E. Rogers, Theodore J. Prior, Ronald L. TI Effect of Dietary Blueberry Pomace on Selected Metabolic Factors Associated with High Fructose Feeding in Growing Sprague-Dawley Rats SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Article DE blueberry pomace; insulin sensitivity; metabolic profile; metabolic syndrome; polyphenolics; rats ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ENRICHED DIET; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; LIPID-METABOLISM; GRAPE POMACE; HIGH-FAT; ANTHOCYANINS; GLUCOSE; PLASMA; FOODS AB An experiment was conducted to study the protective effect of feeding extruded and unextruded blueberry pomace (BBP) on selected metabolic parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in a model of high fructose (HF)-fed growing Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatments were as follows: (1) control (modified AIN-based diet); (2) HF diet (AIN diet with 58% fructose); (3) HF diet with 1.5% unextruded BBP; (4) HF diet with 1.5% extruded BBP; (5) HF diet with 3% unextruded BBP; and (6) HF diet with 3% extruded BBP. Compared with the control, HF feeding increased fasting plasma insulin and fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides as well as homeostatic scores of insulin resistance and beta-cell function, but not weight gain, diet intake and efficiency, abdominal fat, oral glucose tolerance, and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, cholesterol, and leptin levels. Inclusion of unextruded or extruded BBP was effective in minimizing or ameliorating the fructose-induced metabolic anomalies, except postprandial plasma triglycerides, especially at 3% of the diet. In addition, unextruded or extruded BBP at 3% of the diet was also able to reduce plasma cholesterol and abdominal fat relative to the HF control, which may impart additional health benefits. Compared with the control, inclusion of unextruded or extruded BBP at both 1.5% and 3% resulted in lower total fat weight, and animals fed a diet supplemented with 3% unextruded BBP in fasting state or 3% unextruded BBP in fed state had lower leptin levels than the control. This is the first study demonstrating the beneficial effects of feeding blueberry pomace on health. C1 [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Wilkes, Samuel E.; Rogers, Theodore J.; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu FU Arkansas Biosciences Institute grant FX We thank FruitSmart, Prosser, WA, for providing blueberry pomace and B. L. White for help with extrusion. This work was funded by an Arkansas Biosciences Institute grant. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD SEP PY 2012 VL 15 IS 9 BP 802 EP 810 DI 10.1089/jmf.2011.0212 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 000DE UT WOS:000308365900006 PM 22856519 ER PT J AU Zhang, BH Skory, CD Yang, ST AF Zhang, Baohua Skory, Christopher D. Yang, Shang-Tian TI Metabolic engineering of Rhizopus oryzae: Effects of overexpressing pyc and pepc genes on fumaric acid biosynthesis from glucose SO METABOLIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fumaric acid; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Pyruvate carboxylase; Metabolic engineering; Rhizopus oryzae ID LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE GENES; PYRUVATE-CARBOXYLASE; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; LOCALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE; ARRHIZUS AB Fumaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid used as a food acidulant and in manufacturing synthetic resins, can be produced from glucose in fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae. However, the fumaric acid yield is limited by the co-production of ethanol and other byproducts. To increase fumaric acid production, over-expressing endogenous pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) and exogenous phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) to increase the carbon flux toward oxaloacetate were investigated. Compared to the wild type, the PYC activity in the pyc transformants increased 56%-83%, whereas pepc transformants exhibited significant PEPC activity (3-6 mU/mg) that was absent in the wild type. Fumaric acid production by the pepc transformant increased 26% (0.78 g/g glucose vs. 0.62 g/g for the wild type). However, the pyc transformants grew poorly and had low fumaric acid yields (< 0.05 g/g glucose) due to the formation of large cell pellets that limited oxygen supply and resulted in the accumulation of ethanol with a high yield of 0.13-0.36 g/g glucose. This study is the first attempt to use metabolic engineering to modify the fumaric acid biosynthesis pathway to increase fumaric acid production in R. oryzae. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Baohua; Yang, Shang-Tian] Ohio State Univ, William G Lowrie Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Skory, Christopher D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Yang, ST (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, William G Lowrie Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM yang.15@osu.edu FU United Soybean Board (USB) [8456]; Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Inc. [GO12026-301] FX This work was supported in part by Research Grants from the United Soybean Board (USB #8456) and the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Inc. (GO12026-301). NR 33 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7176 J9 METAB ENG JI Metab. Eng. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 14 IS 5 BP 512 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.07.001 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 000EJ UT WOS:000308369000006 PM 22814110 ER PT J AU El-Hattab, AW Emrick, L Hsu, JWC Jahoor, F Scaglia, F Craigen, W AF El-Hattab, Ayman W. Emrick, Lisa Hsu, Jean W. C. Jahoor, Farook Scaglia, Fernando Craigen, William TI Glucose kinetics in subjects with MELAS syndrome: Interim results SO MITOCHONDRION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [El-Hattab, Ayman W.] Univ Missouri Hlth Care, Dept Child Hlth, Div Med Genet, Columbia, MO USA. [Emrick, Lisa; Scaglia, Fernando; Craigen, William] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hsu, Jean W. C.; Jahoor, Farook] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-7249 J9 MITOCHONDRION JI Mitochondrion PD SEP PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 MA 13 BP 554 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.mito.2012.07.012 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 009KC UT WOS:000309023700020 ER PT J AU Gross, BL AF Gross, Briana L. TI Rice domestication: histories and mysteries SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE artificial selection; bottleneck; domestication; Oryza sativa; Oryza rufipogon; rice ID ASIAN WILD-RICE; ORYZA-RUFIPOGON; ORIGIN; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SATIVA AB Domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the worlds most important food crops, culturally, nutritionally and economically (Khush 1997). Thus, it is no surprise that there is intense curiosity about its genetic and geographical origins, its response to selection under domestication, and the genetic structure of its wild relative, Oryza rufipogon. Studies of Oryza attempting to answer these questions have accompanied each stage of the development of molecular markers, starting with allozymes and continuing to genome sequencing. While many of these studies have been restricted to small sample sizes, in terms of either the number of markers used or the number and distribution of the accessions, costs are now low enough that researchers are including large numbers of molecular markers and accessions. How will these studies relate to previous findings and long-held assumptions about rice domestication and evolution? If the paper in this issue of Molecular Ecology (Huang 2012) is any indication, there will be some considerable surprises in store. In this study, a geographically and genomically thorough sampling of O.similar to rufipogon and O.similar to sativa revealed two genetically distinct groups of wild rice and also indicated that only one of these groups appears to be related to domesticated rice. While this fits well with previous studies indicating that there are genetic subdivisions within O.similar to rufipogon, it stands in contrast to previous findings that the two major varieties of O.similar to sativa (indica and japonica) were domesticated from two (or more) subpopulations of wild rice. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gross, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Briana.Gross@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 21 IS 18 BP 4412 EP 4413 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05626.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 003TN UT WOS:000308634300002 PM 22967059 ER PT J AU Kudapa, H Bharti, AK Cannon, SB Farmer, AD Mulaosmanovic, B Kramer, R Bohra, A Weeks, NT Crow, JA Tuteja, R Shah, T Dutta, S Gupta, DK Singh, A Gaikwad, K Sharma, TR May, GD Singh, NK Varshney, RK AF Kudapa, Himabindu Bharti, Arvind K. Cannon, Steven B. Farmer, Andrew D. Mulaosmanovic, Benjamin Kramer, Robin Bohra, Abhishek Weeks, Nathan T. Crow, John A. Tuteja, Reetu Shah, Trushar Dutta, Sutapa Gupta, Deepak K. Singh, Archana Gaikwad, Kishor Sharma, Tilak R. May, Gregory D. Singh, Nagendra K. Varshney, Rajeev K. TI A Comprehensive Transcriptome Assembly of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) using Sanger and Second-Generation Sequencing Platforms SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE Cajanus cajan (L.); second-generation sequencing; transcriptome assembly; intron spanning region (ISR) markers ID GENE DISCOVERY; MALE-STERILITY; GENERATION; RESOURCE; MARKERS; SNP; PCR AB A comprehensive transcriptome assembly for pigeonpea has been developed by analyzing 128.9 million short Illumina GA IIx single end reads, 2.19 million single end FLX/454 reads, and 18 353 Sanger expressed sequenced tags from more than 16 genotypes. The resultant transcriptome assembly, referred to as CcTA v2, comprised 21 434 transcript assembly contigs (TACs) with an N50 of 1510 bp, the largest one being; similar to 8 kb. Of the 21 434 TACs, 16 622 (77.5%) could be mapped on to the soybean genome build 1.0.9 under fairly stringent alignment parameters. Based on knowledge of intron junctions, 10 009 primer pairs were designed from 5033 TACs for amplifying intron spanning regions (ISRs). By using in silico mapping of BAC-end-derived SSR loci of pigeonpea on the soybean genome as a reference, putative mapping positions at the chromosome level were predicted for 6284 ISR markers, covering all 11 pigeonpea chromosomes. A subset of 128 ISR markers were analyzed on a set of eight genotypes. While 116 markers were validated, 70 markers showed one to three alleles, with an average of 0.16 polymorphism information content (PIC) value. In summary, the CcTA v2 transcript assembly and ISR markers will serve as a useful resource to accelerate genetic research and breeding applications in pigeonpea. C1 [Kudapa, Himabindu; Bohra, Abhishek; Tuteja, Reetu; Shah, Trushar; Varshney, Rajeev K.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Bharti, Arvind K.; Farmer, Andrew D.; Kramer, Robin; Crow, John A.; May, Gregory D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources NCGR, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.; Mulaosmanovic, Benjamin; Weeks, Nathan T.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Amens, IA USA. [Dutta, Sutapa; Gupta, Deepak K.; Singh, Archana; Gaikwad, Kishor; Sharma, Tilak R.; Singh, Nagendra K.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Natl Res Ctr Plant Biotechnol NRCPB, New Delhi 110012, India. [Varshney, Rajeev K.] CIMMYT, CGIAR Generat Challenge Programme GCP, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Varshney, RK (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM r.k.varshney@cgiar.org RI Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014 OI Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131 FU CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme (GCP), Mexico; Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), India FX The authors thank the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme (GCP), Mexico (G. D. M., R. K. V., and N.K.S.) and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), India (N.K.S. and R. K. V.) for sponsoring this research. No conflict of interest declared. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1020 EP 1028 DI 10.1093/mp/ssr111 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 008MM UT WOS:000308961100011 PM 22241453 ER PT J AU Roggero, P Gianni, ML Amato, O Piemontese, P Morniroli, D Wong, WW Mosca, F AF Roggero, Paola Gianni, Maria L. Amato, Orsola Piemontese, Pasqua Morniroli, Daniela Wong, William W. Mosca, Fabio TI Evaluation of air-displacement plethysmography for body composition assessment in preterm infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AGE AB BACKGROUND: Adiposity may contribute to the future risk of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) system to estimate percentage fat mass (%FM) in preterm infants and to evaluate interdevice reliability in infants. METHODS: A total of 70 preterm and 9 full-term infants were assessed. The accuracy of ADP measurements was assessed by determining reference %FM values using (H2O)-O-18 dilution measurement. RESULTS: Mean %FM by ADP was 5.67 +/- 1.84 and mean %FM by (H2O)-O-18 dilution was 5.99 +/- 2.56. Regression analysis showed that %FM by ADP was associated with %FM by (H2O)-O-18 dilution (R-2 = 0.63, SE of estimate (SEE) = 1.65, P = 0.006). Bland-Altman analysis showed no bias (r = -0.48, P = 0.16) and 95% limits of agreement were -3.40 to 2.76 %FM. There was no difference in mean interdevice reliability %FM values (8.97 vs. 8.55 %FM) between ADP 1 and 2. Regression analysis indicated a low SEE (1.14% FM) and high R-2 (0.91); 95% limits of agreement were -1.87 to 2.71 %FM. The regression line did not differ significantly from the line of identity. CONCLUSION: ADP is a noninvasive, reliable, and accurate technique to measure preterm infants' body composition in both research and clinical settings. C1 [Roggero, Paola; Gianni, Maria L.; Amato, Orsola; Piemontese, Pasqua; Morniroli, Daniela; Mosca, Fabio] Univ Milan, Dept Maternal & Pediat Sci, Fdn IRCCS CaGranda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy. [Wong, William W.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Roggero, P (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Maternal & Pediat Sci, Fdn IRCCS CaGranda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy. EM paola.roggero@unimi.it RI Gianni, Maria/C-2026-2017; Mosca, Fabio/C-5826-2017; OI Gianni, Maria/0000-0003-3901-9131; Mosca, Fabio/0000-0001-6477-0299; AMATO, ORSOLA/0000-0003-4687-4654 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 72 IS 3 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1038/pr.2012.75 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 999AC UT WOS:000308280500013 PM 22669294 ER PT J AU Levings, RL AF Levings, Randall L. TI Emerging and Exotic Zoonotic Disease Preparedness and Response in the United States - Coordination of the Animal Health Component SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Zoonoses; foreign animal diseases; infectious disease; veterinary medicine; preventive medicine; influenza ID SWINE INFLUENZA; MOUTH-DISEASE; 2 CHILDREN; VIRUS; VACCINES; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINATION; INFECTION; HUMANS; MODEL AB For the response to a zoonotic disease outbreak to be effective, animal health authorities and disease specialists must be involved. Animal health measures are commonly directed at known diseases that threaten the health of animals and impact owners. The measures have long been applied to zoonotic diseases, including tuberculosis and brucellosis, and can be applied to emerging diseases. One Health (veterinary, public, wildlife and environmental health) and all-hazards preparedness work have done much to aid interdisciplinary understanding and planning for zoonotic diseases, although further improvements are needed. Actions along the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery continuum should be considered. Prevention of outbreaks consists largely of import controls on animals and animal products and biosecurity. Preparedness includes situational awareness, research, tool acquisition, modelling, training and exercises, animal movement traceability and policy development. Response would include detection systems and specialized personnel, institutions, authorities, strategies, methods and tools, including movement control, depopulation and vaccination if available and appropriate. The specialized elements would be applied within a general (nationally standardized) system of response. Recovery steps begin with continuity of business measures during the response and are intended to restore pre-event conditions. The surveillance for novel influenza A viruses in swine and humans and the preparedness for and response to the recent influenza pandemic illustrate the cooperation possible between the animal and public health communities. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Emergency Management & Diagnost Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Levings, RL (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Emergency Management & Diagnost Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM randall.l.levings@aphis.usda.gov FU 6th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses; Emergency Management and Diagnostics, VS, APHIS FX Drs. Darrel Styles, Jonathan Zack and Thomas Gomez, National Centers for Animal Health Emergency Management, VS, APHIS, USDA provided presentations that contributed to this article. Drs. Jose Diez and Thomas Gomez reviewed the manuscript. Dr. Levings was supported by the organizers and sponsors of the 6th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses, and by Emergency Management and Diagnostics, VS, APHIS, USDA in attending the subject conference and the preparation of the presentation and the manuscript. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD SEP PY 2012 VL 59 SU 2 SI SI BP 80 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01495.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 003BB UT WOS:000308582000007 PM 22958252 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Schlegel, AJ AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Schlegel, Alan J. TI Crop Rotation Effect on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks under Limited Irrigation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CORN STOVER; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; INORGANIC CARBON; GREAT-PLAINS; WATER-USE; NO-TILL; SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT AB Limited irrigation management practices are being used in the Central Great Plains to conserve water by optimizing crop water use efficiency. Limited irrigation may reduce total crop biomass production and amount of crop residue returned to the soil. Crop residue production within four no-till (NT) crop rotations [continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC); corn-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CW); corn-winter wheat-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) (CWS); corn-winter wheat-grain sorghum-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CWSSb)] was measured and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) stocks were monitored for 10 yr. Crop residue yields varied with crop being produced and with rotation, as did residue N and C returned to the soil. The C/N ratio of the residue varied with crop. The SOC and TSN pools increased with time in all rotations. The rate of gain in SOC and TSN mass for each rotation was 717, 477, 335, and 270 kg SOC ha(-1) yr(-1) and 114, 92, 87, and 84 kg TSN ha(-1) yr(-1) for the CC, CW, CWS, and CWSSb rotations, respectively, in the 0 - to 30.5-cm soil depth. The rate of change in SOC and TSN mass was lowest with CWSSb (8.7 Mg residue ha(-1) yr(-1)) and highest with CC (12.0 Mg residue ha(-1) yr(-1)). Approximately 6.8 to 7.6 Mg residue ha(-1) yr(-1) would be needed to maintain SOC stocks under limited irrigation. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schlegel, Alan J.] Kansas State Univ, SW Res Extens Ctr, Tribune, KS USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Ste 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project FX The authors thank H. D. Bond at Tribune, C. Reule, B. Floyd, P. Norris, and R. D'Adamo for their assistance and analytical support in collecting, processing, and analyzing the soil and plant samples and data reported herein. This publication is also based on work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1265 EP 1273 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0113 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999YT UT WOS:000308352600008 ER PT J AU Lenssen, AW Iversen, WM Sainju, UM Caesar-TonThat, TC Blodgett, SL Allen, BL Evans, RG AF Lenssen, A. W. Iversen, W. M. Sainju, U. M. Caesar-TonThat, T. C. Blodgett, S. L. Allen, B. L. Evans, R. G. TI Yield, Pests, and Water Use of Durum and Selected Crucifer Oilseeds in Two-Year Rotations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CROPPING SEQUENCE; BRASSICA-JUNCEA; TILLAGE SYSTEM; USE EFFICIENCY; CAMELINA; NITROGEN; CANOLA; CROPS; COLEOPTERA AB Cool-season oilseed crops are potential feedstock for biofuel production, but few studies have compared oilseed-durum (Triticum durum Desf.) rotations on yield, quality, water use, and pests associated with crops. We conducted an experiment under dryland conditions during 2007 to 2010 near Culbertson, MT, comparing crop productivity, water balance, and key weed and arthropod pests of 2-yr oilseed-durum rotations under zero tillage. Rotations included durum with three Brassicaceae sp., camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz], crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R.E.Fries), and canola-quality Brassica juncea L., and fallow. Over 4 yr, B. juncea had the highest seed and oil yields of crucifer entries. Water use was similar among oilseed crops, averaging 286 mm. Water use was similar for durum following oilseeds, averaging 282 mm, 72 mm less than for durum following fallow. Durum following fallow averaged 775 kg ha(-1) greater grain yield than durum following oilseeds due to higher water availability and use. Camelina had greater weed biomass at harvest and lower densities of Plutella xylostella L. than other oilseeds. Durum in rotation with crambe had higher weed density and biomass at harvest than durum following B. juncea or fallow. Brassica juncea generally performed better than crambe or camelina, but each oilseed crop had several positive attributes. Oilseed-durum rotations can be used for biofuel feedstock and grain production, but long-term sustainability of 2-yr rotations on crop yields and pest management requires further study. C1 [Lenssen, A. W.; Iversen, W. M.; Sainju, U. M.; Caesar-TonThat, T. C.; Allen, B. L.; Evans, R. G.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Blodgett, S. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Blodgett, S. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lenssen, AW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 1405 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM alenssen@iastate.edu NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1304 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0057 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999YT UT WOS:000308352600011 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Arriaga, FJ Torbert, HA Gebhart, DL Busby, RR AF Watts, D. B. Arriaga, F. J. Torbert, H. A. Gebhart, D. L. Busby, R. R. TI Ecosystem Biomass, Carbon, and Nitrogen Five Years after Restoration with Municipal Solid Waste SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING BY-PRODUCT; SOIL; COMPOST AB Escalating municipal solid waste generation coupled with decreasing landfill space needed for disposal has increased the pressure on military installations to evaluate novel approaches to handle this waste. One approach to alleviating the amount of municipal solid waste being landfilled is the use of a new garbage-processing technology that sterilizes and separates waste into inorganic and organic components. Thus, a study was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of using the organic component (Fluff) as a soil amendment for establishing native prairie grasses on disturbed U.S.Army training land. The Fluff material was incorporated (10-20 cm) into a highly degraded sandy loam soil located in a borrow pit at Fort Benning Military Reservation, GA, in 2003. Th e Fluff was applied at rates of 0, 18, 36, 72, and 143 Mg ha(-1) and seeded with native prairie grasses to assess its effect on aboveground and belowground biomass production and C and N cycling aft er 5 yr. An unseeded control (no Fluff) treatment was also evaluated as a comparison of natural recovery. Aft er 5 yr, revegetation resulting from natural recovery in the unseeded control was sparse. However, Fluff addition improved native grass establishment, with greater biomass production being observed with increasing rates. Fluff addition also decreased soil bulk density and increased soil C and N concentrations. These results show that Fluff can be effectively used in land rehabilitation and revegetation practices as well as to improve C and N cycling of highly degraded soils for periods exceeding 5 yr aft er application. C1 [Watts, D. B.; Arriaga, F. J.; Torbert, H. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Gebhart, D. L.; Busby, R. R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Dexter.Watts@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1311 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0347 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999YT UT WOS:000308352600012 ER PT J AU Chaluvadi, S Hotchkiss, AT Call, JE Luchansky, JB Phillips, JG Liu, LS Yam, KL AF Chaluvadi, S. Hotchkiss, A. T., Jr. Call, J. E. Luchansky, J. B. Phillips, J. G. Liu, L. S. Yam, K. L. TI Protection of probiotic bacteria in a synbiotic matrix following aerobic storage at 4 degrees C SO BENEFICIAL MICROBES LA English DT Article DE prebiotic; pectic-oligosaccharide; fructo-oligosaccharide; inulin; alginate ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; IN-VITRO EVALUATION; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; PREBIOTIC PROPERTIES; INTESTINAL FLORA; SURVIVAL; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; VIABILITY; ALGINATE; BIFIDOBACTERIA AB The survival of single strains of Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus reuteri was investigated in synbiotics that included 10 mg/ml of fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin and pectic-oligosaccharides in an alginate matrix under refrigerated (4 degrees C) aerobic storage conditions. When the matrices were cross-linked with calcium (45 mM), 10(2)-10(3) cfu/ml of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri, and 0-10(3) cfu/ml of B. breve and B. longum survived refrigerated aerobic storage for 28 days. Following refrigerated storage, acetic (3-9 mM), butyric (0-2 mM), propionic (5-16 mM) and lactic acids (1-48 mM) were produced during the growth of probiotics in BHI broth at 37 degrees C, suggesting their metabolic activity after storage was stressed. When calcium cross-linking was not used in synbiotics, the matrix remained more gel-like after inoculation when compared to the calcium cross-linked matrix. At least 10(7) cfu/ml of probiotic bacteria survived after 21 days of storage within these gel-like alginate matrices. Significantly higher levels of B. breve, L. acidophilus and L. reuteri were obtained from the synbiotic matrices supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin and pectic-oligosaccharides compared to alginate alone. B. longum survival was the same (similar to 7 logs) in all gel-like synbiotic matrices. These results show that synbiotics protected probiotic bacteria and extended their shelf-life under refrigerated aerobic conditions. Synbiotics represent a viable delivery vehicle for health-promoting bacteria. C1 [Chaluvadi, S.; Yam, K. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hotchkiss, A. T., Jr.; Call, J. E.; Luchansky, J. B.; Phillips, J. G.; Liu, L. S.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chaluvadi, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM arland.hotchkiss@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-2883 J9 BENEF MICROBES JI Benef. Mirbobes PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.3920/BM2012.0005 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Microbiology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 005HG UT WOS:000308740900002 PM 22968408 ER PT J AU Dror, DK King, JC Durand, DJ Fung, EB Allen, LH AF Dror, D. K. King, J. C. Durand, D. J. Fung, E. B. Allen, L. H. TI Feto-maternal vitamin D status and infant whole-body bone mineral content in the first weeks of life SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin D; infant; bone mineral content ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; BIRTH-WEIGHT; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CHILDREN; NEWBORN; ADOLESCENTS AB BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Compromised vitamin D status is common in pregnancy and may have adverse impacts on fetal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of infant whole-body bone mineral content (WBBMC) at 8-21 days of age with feto-maternal vitamin D status in a multiethnic population in Oakland, California. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 120 women and their newborn infants. Maternal and cord blood were collected at delivery. WBBMC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in term-born infants 8-21days post birth. RESULTS: No significant association was observed between unadjusted or size-adjusted WBBMC and feto-maternal vitamin D status analyzed continuously or categorically. In multivariate modeling, unadjusted WBBMC was predicted by bone area (P < 0.0001), weight-for-age (P < 0.0001) and weight-for-length (P < 0.0005) Z-scores, but not by feto-maternal vitamin D status. Anthropometric predictors but not vitamin D remained significant in the multivariate model after adjustment of WBBMC for weight, bone area (bone mineral density) or logarithmically derived exponents of the denominators. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study do not support an association between feto-maternal vitamin D status and early infant WBBMC, raw or adjusted for inter-individual differences in size, in a multiethnic population in Northern California. C1 [Dror, D. K.; Allen, L. H.] ARS, Allen Lab, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [King, J. C.; Durand, D. J.; Fung, E. B.] Childrens Hosp, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [King, J. C.; Durand, D. J.; Fung, E. B.] Res Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. RP Dror, DK (reprint author), ARS, Allen Lab, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM daphnadror@gmail.com FU USDA; ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center; East Bay Neonatology Foundation FX We wish to acknowledge the financial support for this study from the USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center and the East Bay Neonatology Foundation. We extend a special thanks to Janet M Peerson at UC Davis for her assistance with statistical analyses. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1016 EP 1019 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2012.79 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 999VH UT WOS:000308342600010 PM 22781021 ER PT J AU Shepherd, BS Rees, CB Binkowski, FP Goetz, FW AF Shepherd, Brian S. Rees, Christopher B. Binkowski, Fred P. Goetz, Frederick W. TI Characterization and evaluation of sex-specific expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and-3 in juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) treated with lipopolysaccharide SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yellow perch; Suppressor of cytokine signaling; Lipopolysaccharide; Teleost ID MICE LACKING SUPPRESSOR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GROWTH-HORMONE ACTION; JAK-STAT PATHWAY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NEGATIVE REGULATION; TISSUE EXPRESSION; SOCS PROTEINS; TELEOST FISH; IDENTIFICATION AB The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are a family of intracellular proteins that are centrally involved with vertebrate growth, development and immunity via their effects as negative feedback regulators of cytokine (and hormone) signaling. The genes for SOCS-1 & -3 were cloned, sequences analyzed and expression patterns examined in the commercially-important teleost, yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The deduced (mature) proteins for yellow perch (yp)SOCS-1 and (yp)SOCS-3 consist of 211 and 205 amino acids, respectively. Functional domains such as the Src homology-2 (SH2) and SOCS-box were present in ypSOCS-1 and ypSOCS-3 and these domains were well conserved between teleost species. Sequence analysis showed that ypSOCS-1 & -3 share highest homology (among similar teleost sequences), to the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculatus) SOCS-1 & -3 protein homologs. To investigate sex-specific expression of the ypSOCS-1 and ypSOCS-3 mRNAs, juvenile male and female yellow perch were immunologically challenged with a single injection (10 mu g/g bw) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tissues (gill, head kidney, kidney, liver and spleen) were sampled over a 48-h time-course. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that ypSOCS-1 & -3 were expressed in all tissues examined and at all sampling time-points. LPS injection significantly induced ypSOCS-1 & -3 mRNA levels in gill, head kidney, liver, kidney and spleen, with maximal induction occurring at 6 h post-injection in each tissue. By 48-h post-injection, expression levels for ypSOCS-1 & -3 mRNAs approached, or reached, control levels in all tissues examined. While there were statistical interactions among variables (treatment, time and sex) for ypSOCS-1, we only found a main effect of sex on SOCS-3 mRNA expression in head kidney with higher copy numbers occurring in males than in females treated with LPS. Sexually-dimorphic expression of SOCS-1 or -3 mRNA has not been examined, or described, in a teleost. Our findings suggest the involvement of the SOCS genes in the yellow perch immune response and that differences among the sexes are evident and should be explored further. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shepherd, Brian S.; Rees, Christopher B.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. RP Shepherd, BS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM brian.shepherd@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS [3655-31320-002-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support of Jeff Landgraf (Michigan State University, Research Technology Support Facility), Crystal Simchick (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Great Lakes WATER Institute) and Laura Hendricks (USDA/ARS) and critical comments by anonymous reviewers. This study was funded by USDA/ARS CRIS project # 3655-31320-002-00D. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 BP 468 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.026 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 996AZ UT WOS:000308057700002 PM 22634749 ER PT J AU Trushenski, J Juarez, L Jensen, GL Freeze, M Schwarz, M Silverstein, J Bader, J Rolland, J Rubino, M AF Trushenski, Jesse Juarez, Lorenzo Jensen, Gary L. Freeze, Mike Schwarz, Michael Silverstein, Jeff Bader, Joel Rolland, Jill Rubino, Michael TI AFS and Aquaculture-Addressing the High Stakes of a Sustainable Seafood Supply SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article C1 [Trushenski, Jesse] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Juarez, Lorenzo; Rubino, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Aquaculture, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jensen, Gary L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Freeze, Mike] Keo Fish Farm, Keo, AR 72083 USA. [Schwarz, Michael] Virginia Tech, Virginia Seafood Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. [Silverstein, Jeff] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bader, Joel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rolland, Jill] USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Trushenski, J (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 9 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.714315 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 007AU UT WOS:000308862000002 ER PT J AU Wei, HY Heilman, P Qi, JG Nearing, MA Gu, ZH Zhang, YG AF Wei, Haiyan Heilman, Philip Qi, Jiaguo Nearing, Mark A. Gu, Zhihui Zhang, Yongguang TI Assessing phenological change in China from 1982 to 2006 using AVHRR imagery SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AVHRR; China; remote sensing; climate change; policy; desertification; temporal trend; phenology ID SATELLITE SENSOR DATA; TIME-SERIES DATA; VEGETATION INDEX; PATTERNS; TRENDS; RESPONSES; CLIMATE; AFRICA; SAHEL; MODIS AB Long-term trends in vegetation phenology indicate ecosystem change due to the combined impacts of human activities and climate. In this study we used 1982 to 2006 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (AVHRR NDVI) imagery across China and the TIMESAT program to quantify annual vegetation production and its changing trend. Results showed great spatial variability in vegetation growth and its temporal trend across the country during the 25-year study period. Significant decreases in vegetation production were detected in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, and in industrializing regions in southern China, including the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and areas along the Yangtze River. Significant increases in vegetation production were found in Xinjiang, Central China, and North-east China. Validation of the NDVI trends and vegetated area changes were conducted using Landsat imagery and the results were consistent with the analysis from AVHRR data. We also found that although the causes of the vegetation change vary locally, the spatial pattern of the vegetation change and the areas of greatest impact from national policies launched in the 1970s, such as the opening of economic zones and the 'Three-North Shelter Forest Programme', are similar, which indicates an impact of national policies on ecosystem change and that such impacts can be detected using the method described in this paper. C1 [Wei, Haiyan; Heilman, Philip; Nearing, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gu, Zhihui] Shenzhen Univ, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yongguang] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Wei, HY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM haiyan.wei@gmail.com RI zhenling, liu/A-5192-2014; OI Zhang, Yongguang/0000-0001-8286-300X NR 34 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 6 IS 3 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s11707-012-0321-3 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 002TG UT WOS:000308557600001 ER PT J AU Tillman, GE Wasilenko, JL Simmons, M Lauze, TA Minicozzi, J Oakley, BB Narang, N Fratamico, P Cray, WC AF Tillman, Glenn E. Wasilenko, Jamie L. Simmons, Mustafa Lauze, Todd A. Minicozzi, Joseph Oakley, Brian B. Narang, Neelam Fratamico, Pina Cray, William C., Jr. TI Isolation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 from Ground Beef Using Modified Rainbow Agar and Post-Immunomagnetic Separation Acid Treatment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA SPROUTS; O157/H7; ENRICHMENT; STRAINS; RESISTANCE; FOOD; PCR AB It is estimated that at least 70% of human illnesses due to non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in the United States are caused by strains from the top six serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145). Procedures for isolating STEC from food products often use plating media that include antimicrobial supplements at concentrations that inhibit background microflora growth but can also inhibit target STEC growth. In this study, an agar medium with lower supplement concentrations, modified Rainbow agar (mRBA), was evaluated for recovery of STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and 0145 from ground beef enrichments. A post-immunomagnetic separation (IMS) acid treatment step was additionally used to reduce background microflora and increase recovery of target STEC strains. Ground beef samples (325 g) were artificially contaminated with STEC and confounding organisms and enriched for 15 h. Recovery of the target STEC was attempted on the enrichments using IMS and plating onto mRBA and Rainbow agar (RBA). Additionally, acid treatment was performed on the post-IMS eluate followed by plating onto mRBA. Using the combination of mRBA and acid treatment, target STEC were isolated from 103 (85.8%) of 120 of the low-inoculated samples (1 to 5 CFU/325-g sample) compared with 68 (56.7%) of 120 using no acid treatment and plating onto RBA with higher levels of novobiocin and potassium tellurite. The combination of acid treatment and mRBA provides a significant improvement over the use of RBA for isolation of STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 from raw ground beef. C1 [Tillman, Glenn E.; Simmons, Mustafa; Lauze, Todd A.; Minicozzi, Joseph; Narang, Neelam; Cray, William C., Jr.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Eastern Lab Outbreaks Sect, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Fratamico, Pina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Oakley, Brian B.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tillman, GE (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Eastern Lab Outbreaks Sect, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM glenn.tillman@fsis.usda.gov NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1548 EP 1554 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-110 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 005WW UT WOS:000308781800001 PM 22947460 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE Beam, AL Nifong, EM Fossler, CP Kopral, CA Dargatz, DA Wagner, BA Erdman, MM Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Lombard, J. E. Beam, A. L. Nifong, E. M. Fossler, C. P. Kopral, C. A. Dargatz, D. A. Wagner, B. A. Erdman, M. M. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Comparison of Individual, Pooled, and Composite Fecal Sampling Methods for Detection of Salmonella on U.S. Dairy Operations SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL SALMONELLOSIS; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; HERD; ENVIRONMENT; PREVALENCE; ENTERICA; SENSITIVITY; INFECTION AB The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella for individual, pooled, and composite fecal samples and to compare culture results from each sample type for determining herd Salmonella infection status and identifying Salmonella serovar(s). During the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2007 study, data and samples were collected from dairy operations in 17 major dairy states. As part of the study, composite fecal samples (six per operation) were collected from cow areas, such as holding pens, alleyways, and lagoons, where manure accumulates. Fecal samples also were collected from individual cows (35 per operation), and fecal sample pools were created by combining samples from 5 cows (7 per operation). A total of 1,541 composite fecal samples were collected from 260 operations in 17 states, and 406 (26.3%) of these samples were culture positive for Salmonella. Among the 116 operations for which all three sample types were obtained, 41.4% (48 operations) were Salmonella culture positive based on individual samples, 39.7% (46 operations) were positive based on pooled samples, and 49.1% (57 operations) were positive based on composite fecal samples. Relative to individual samples, the sensitivity of composite fecal samples for determining herd infection status was 85.4% and the sensitivity of pooled fecal samples was 91.7%. On 33.6% of operations (39 of 116), Salmonella was cultured from all three fecal sample types (individual, pooled, and composite), and 20 (51.3%) of these operations had exactly the same serovar in all three sample types. Use of composite fecal samples is less costly and time-consuming than use of individual or pooled samples and provides similar results for detecting the presence and identifying serovars of Salmonella in dairy herds. Therefore, composite sampling may be an appropriate alternative to culture of individual samples when assessing Salmonella status in dairy herds. C1 [Lombard, J. E.; Beam, A. L.; Nifong, E. M.; Fossler, C. P.; Kopral, C. A.; Dargatz, D. A.; Wagner, B. A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lombard, J. E.; Beam, A. L.; Nifong, E. M.; Fossler, C. P.; Kopral, C. A.; Dargatz, D. A.; Wagner, B. A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Erdman, M. M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jason.e.lombard@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1562 EP 1571 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-012 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 005WW UT WOS:000308781800003 PM 22947462 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB Engemann, J Gurtler, JB Liu, YH AF Fan, Xuetong Sokorai, Kimberly J. B. Engemann, Juergen Gurtler, Joshua B. Liu, Yanhong TI Inactivation of Listeria innocua, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Surface and Stem Scar Areas of Tomatoes Using In-Package Ozonation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS OZONE; SURVIVAL; PATHOGENS; FOOD; DECONTAMINATION; DISINFECTION; MONTEVIDEO; RECOVERY; CHLORINE; EFFICACY AB A novel in-package zonation device was evaluated for its efficacy in inactivating three microorganisms (viz., Listeria innocua, attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:117) on tomatoes and for its effect on fruit quality. The device produced ozone inside sealed film bags, reaching a concentration of 4,000 ppm within 1 min of activation. The three bacterial cultures were inoculated onto either the smooth surface or the stem scar areas of the tomatoes, which were then sealed in plastic film bags and subjected to in-package zonation. L. innocua on tomatoes was reduced to nondetectable levels within 40 s of treatment on the tomato surface, with inactivation of ca. 4 log CFU per fruit on the stem scar area. An increase in treatment time did not result in a proportional increase in bacterial reduction. For E. coli O157:117 and Salmonella, there was little difference (<1 log) in the effectiveness of the system when comparing surface and scar-inoculated bacteria. Both bacteria were typically reduced by 2 to 3 log CFU per fruit after 2- to 3-min treatments. No negative effects on fruit color or texture were observed during a 22-day posttreatment storage study of ozone-treated tomatoes. These results suggest that the three bacteria responded differently to zonation and that in-package zonation may provide an alternative to chemical sanitizers commonly used by the industry. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Sokorai, Kimberly J. B.; Gurtler, Joshua B.; Liu, Yanhong] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Engemann, Juergen] JE PlasmaConsult GmbH, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1611 EP 1618 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-103 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 005WW UT WOS:000308781800009 PM 22947468 ER PT J AU Fang, T Gurtler, JB Huang, LH AF Fang, Ting Gurtler, Joshua B. Huang, Lihan TI Growth Kinetics and Model Comparison of Cronobacter sakazakii in Reconstituted Powdered Infant Formula SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE C; sakazakii; growth kinetics; modeling; powdered infant formula; predictive microbiology ID ENTEROBACTER-SAKAZAKII; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; MILK FORMULA; TEMPERATURE; FOOD; INFECTION; INACTIVATION; PREVALENCE; COLIFORM AB Cronobacter sakazakii is a life-threatening bacterium, infrequently implicated in illnesses associated with the consumption of powdered infant formula (PIF). It can cause rare but invasive infections in neonatal infants who consume contaminated PIF. The objective of this research was to investigate the growth kinetics and develop mathematical models to predict the growth of heat-injured C. sakazakii in reconstituted PIF (RPIF). RPIF, inoculated with a 6-strain cocktail of non-heat-treated (uninjured) or heat-injured C. sakazakii, was incubated at different temperatures to develop growth models. Except for storage at 6 degrees C, C. sakazakii grew well at all test temperatures (10 to 48 degrees C). Uninjured C. sakazakii exhibited no observable lag phase, while a lag phase was apparent in heat-treated cells. A simple 3-parameter logistic equation was used to fit growth curves for non-heat-treated cells, while both Baranyi and Huang models were suitable for heat-treated C. sakazakii. Calculated minimum and maximum growth temperatures were 6.5 and 51.4 degrees C for non-heat-treated cells, and 6.9 and 50.1 degrees C for heat-treated cells of C. sakazakii in RPIF, respectively. There was no significant difference between growth rates of non-heat-treated and heat-injured cells in RPIF. For heat-treated cells of C. sakazakii, the lag phase was temperature-dependent and very short (between 25 degrees C and 48 degrees C). These results suggest that both non-heat-treated and heat-injured C. sakazakii cells may present a risk to infants if the pathogens are not completely destroyed by heat in RPIF and then exposed to subsequent temperature abuse. Practical Application: C. sakazakii is a life-threatening bacterium found in powdered infant formula (PIF). This study shows that the uninjured bacterium exhibits very short or no lag phase if not refrigerated and can grow well in reconstituted PIF (RPIF), while the heat-injured cells can multiply at an equivalent rate following metabolic recovery. Temperature abuse may allow C. sakazakii to grow and endanger infants fed with RPIF. Predictive models developed in this study can be used to estimate the growth and conduct risk assessments of this pathogen. C1 [Gurtler, Joshua B.; Huang, Lihan] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Fang, Ting] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Sch Food Sci, Fuzhou 350001, Peoples R China. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 77 IS 9 BP E247 EP E255 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02873.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 002ME UT WOS:000308535500014 PM 22900603 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, Frank H. TI Aerosols and contact insecticides as alternatives to methyl bromide in flour mills, food production facilities, and food warehouses SO JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Methyl bromide; Alternatives; Aerosols; Contact insecticides ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; CYFLUTHRIN WETTABLE POWDER; STORED-PRODUCT; RESIDUAL EFFICACY; CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; SULFURYL FLUORIDE; UNITED-STATES; DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES; STRUCTURAL FUMIGATION AB The fumigant methyl bromide (MB) is being phased out of production and usage to control stored-product insects in flour and rice mills, as well as feed and food production plants, in the United States and other developed countries throughout the world. A phase-out schedule has also been established for undeveloped counties under a delayed timeline compared to the one established for developed countries. Whole-plant alternatives to MB treatment, such as the fumigant sulfuryl fluoride and heat, can be used in place of MB, but they have some limitations as well, which will be briefly discussed in this review. Hence, residual surface treatments with contact insecticides and insect growth regulators and aerosol applications are receiving increased attention for incorporation into management programs that historically relied on MB fumigations. This review will focus on recent research with contact insecticides and aerosols for controlling stored-product insects in structures and how they can be viewed as options for control to alleviate concerns regarding the phase-out and reduced availability of MB for structural fumigations. A brief discussion of emerging pest species or groups, and how they can be controlled with surface treatments and aerosols, is also included in the review. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-4758 J9 J PEST SCI JI J. Pest Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 85 IS 3 SI SI BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s10340-012-0439-9 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 998OV UT WOS:000308251000004 ER PT J AU O'Connell, RJ Thon, MR Hacquard, S Amyotte, SG Kleemann, J Torres, MF Damm, U Buiate, EA Epstein, L Alkan, N Altmuller, J Alvarado-Balderrama, L Bauser, CA Becker, C Birren, BW Chen, ZH Choi, J Crouch, JA Duvick, JP Farman, MA Gan, P Heiman, D Henrissat, B Howard, RJ Kabbage, M Koch, C Kracher, B Kubo, Y Law, AD Lebrun, MH Lee, YH Miyara, I Moore, N Neumann, U Nordstrom, K Panaccione, DG Panstruga, R Place, M Proctor, RH Prusky, D Rech, G Reinhardt, R Rollins, JA Rounsley, S Schardl, CL Schwartz, DC Shenoy, N Shirasu, K Sikhakolli, UR Stuber, K Sukno, SA Sweigard, JA Takano, Y Takahara, H Trail, F van der Does, HC Voll, LM Will, I Young, S Zeng, QD Zhang, JZ Zhou, SG Dickman, MB Schulze-Lefert, P van Themaat, EVL Ma, LJ Vaillancourt, LJ AF O'Connell, Richard J. Thon, Michael R. Hacquard, Stephane Amyotte, Stefan G. Kleemann, Jochen Torres, Maria F. Damm, Ulrike Buiate, Ester A. Epstein, Lynn Alkan, Noam Altmueller, Janine Alvarado-Balderrama, Lucia Bauser, Christopher A. Becker, Christian Birren, Bruce W. Chen, Zehua Choi, Jaeyoung Crouch, Jo Anne Duvick, Jonathan P. Farman, Mark A. Gan, Pamela Heiman, David Henrissat, Bernard Howard, Richard J. Kabbage, Mehdi Koch, Christian Kracher, Barbara Kubo, Yasuyuki Law, Audrey D. Lebrun, Marc-Henri Lee, Yong-Hwan Miyara, Itay Moore, Neil Neumann, Ulla Nordstroem, Karl Panaccione, Daniel G. Panstruga, Ralph Place, Michael Proctor, Robert H. Prusky, Dov Rech, Gabriel Reinhardt, Richard Rollins, Jeffrey A. Rounsley, Steve Schardl, Christopher L. Schwartz, David C. Shenoy, Narmada Shirasu, Ken Sikhakolli, Usha R. Stueber, Kurt Sukno, Serenella A. Sweigard, James A. Takano, Yoshitaka Takahara, Hiroyuki Trail, Frances van der Does, H. Charlotte Voll, Lars M. Will, Isa Young, Sarah Zeng, Qiandong Zhang, Jingze Zhou, Shiguo Dickman, Martin B. Schulze-Lefert, Paul van Themaat, Emiel Ver Loren Ma, Li-Jun Vaillancourt, Lisa J. TI Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BLAST FUNGUS; SECRETED PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIGGINSIANUM; GRAMINICOLA; SEQUENCE; DEGRADATION; ANTHRACNOSE; DIVERGENCE; CELLULOSE AB Colletotrichum species are fungal pathogens that devastate crop plants worldwide. Host infection involves the differentiation of specialized cell types that are associated with penetration, growth inside living host cells (biotrophy) and tissue destruction (necrotrophy). We report here genome and transcriptome analyses of Colletotrichum higginsianum infecting Arabidopsis thaliana and Colletotrichum graminicola infecting maize. Comparative genomics showed that both fungi have large sets of pathogenicity-related genes, but families of genes encoding secreted effectors, pectin-degrading enzymes, secondary metabolism enzymes, transporters and peptidases are expanded in C. higginsianum. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that these genes are transcribed in successive waves that are linked to pathogenic transitions: effectors and secondary metabolism enzymes are induced before penetration and during biotrophy, whereas most hydrolases and transporters are upregulated later, at the switch to necrotrophy. Our findings show that preinvasion perception of plant-derived signals substantially reprograms fungal gene expression and indicate previously unknown functions for particular fungal cell types. C1 [O'Connell, Richard J.; Hacquard, Stephane; Kleemann, Jochen; Kracher, Barbara; Panstruga, Ralph; Takahara, Hiroyuki; van der Does, H. Charlotte; Will, Isa; Schulze-Lefert, Paul; van Themaat, Emiel Ver Loren] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Microbe Interact, Cologne, Germany. [Thon, Michael R.; Rech, Gabriel; Sukno, Serenella A.] Univ Salamanca, Dept Microbiol & Genet, Ctr Hispano Luso Invest Agr, Villamayor, Spain. [Amyotte, Stefan G.; Torres, Maria F.; Buiate, Ester A.; Farman, Mark A.; Law, Audrey D.; Schardl, Christopher L.; Vaillancourt, Lisa J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Damm, Ulrike] Koninklijke Nederlandse Akad Wetenschappen, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Epstein, Lynn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alkan, Noam; Miyara, Itay; Prusky, Dov] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Altmueller, Janine; Becker, Christian] Univ Cologne, Cologne Ctr Genom, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Alvarado-Balderrama, Lucia; Birren, Bruce W.; Chen, Zehua; Heiman, David; Rounsley, Steve; Shenoy, Narmada; Young, Sarah; Zeng, Qiandong; Zhang, Jingze; Ma, Li-Jun] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Bauser, Christopher A.] GATC Biotech AG, Constance, Germany. [Choi, Jaeyoung; Lee, Yong-Hwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Fungal Genet Resources, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. [Crouch, Jo Anne] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Duvick, Jonathan P.; Howard, Richard J.; Sweigard, James A.] DuPont Agr Biotechnol, Pioneer Hibred Int, Wilmington, DE USA. [Gan, Pamela; Shirasu, Ken] RIKEN Plant Sci Ctr, Plant Immun Res Grp, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Henrissat, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, UMR 7257, Lab Architecture & Fonct Macromol Biol, Marseille, France. [Kabbage, Mehdi; Dickman, Martin B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, Borlaug Genom & Bioinformat Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Koch, Christian; Voll, Lars M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Div Biochem, Dept Biol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Kubo, Yasuyuki] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Plant Pathol Lab, Kyoto 606, Japan. [Lebrun, Marc-Henri] INRA, Biol & Gest Risques Agr, Champignons Pathogenes Plantes, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Moore, Neil] Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Nordstroem, Karl] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Dev Biol, Cologne, Germany. [Panaccione, Daniel G.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Panstruga, Ralph] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Univ, Unit Plant Mol Cell Biol, Inst Biol 1, Aachen, Germany. [Place, Michael; Schwartz, David C.; Zhou, Shiguo] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Madison, WI USA. [Proctor, Robert H.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Reinhardt, Richard; Stueber, Kurt] Max Planck Genome Ctr Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Rollins, Jeffrey A.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sikhakolli, Usha R.; Trail, Frances] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Takano, Yoshitaka] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Plant Pathol Lab, Kyoto, Japan. RP O'Connell, RJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Microbe Interact, Cologne, Germany. EM oconnel@mpipz.mpg.de; vaillan@uky.edu RI Shirasu, Ken/A-4455-2010; Rech, Gabriel/F-5499-2016; Schulze-Lefert, Paul/B-6707-2011; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Damm, Ulrike/C-9539-2013; Chen, Zehua/E-6356-2011; Choi, Jaeyoung/H-8665-2013; Koch, Christian/J-5716-2013; Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; Schardl, Christopher/P-5655-2014; Panstruga, Ralph/F-3340-2011; Sukno, Serenella/K-1449-2014; Thon, Michael/M-9463-2014 OI Ma, Li-Jun/0000-0002-2733-3708; LEBRUN, marc-henri/0000-0003-1562-1902; Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090; Shirasu, Ken/0000-0002-0349-3870; Rech, Gabriel/0000-0002-7979-8654; Choi, Jaeyoung/0000-0003-2206-4593; Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; Schardl, Christopher/0000-0003-2197-0842; Panstruga, Ralph/0000-0002-3756-8957; Sukno, Serenella/0000-0003-3248-6490; Thon, Michael/0000-0002-7225-7003 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2007-35600-17829]; Max Planck Society; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP1212, OC 104/1-3]; USDA-CSREES [2009-34457-20125]; University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Research Office; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) of Spain [AGL2008-03177/AGR, AGL2011-29446/AGR]; Programme for Promotion of Basic and Applied Research for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry FX This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Robert Hanau. This work was primarily supported by US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) grant 2007-35600-17829 (L.J.V., M.B.D., S.R. and M.R.T.), the Max Planck Society (R.J.O.) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP1212) grant OC 104/1-3 (R.J.O.). Other funding sources included USDA-CSREES grant 2009-34457-20125 (L.J.V.), the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Research Office (L.J.V.), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) of Spain grants AGL2008-03177/AGR and AGL2011-29446/AGR (M.R.T.) and the Programme for Promotion of Basic and Applied Research for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (P.G. and K. Shirasu). This is manuscript number 12-12-011, published with the approval of the Director of the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. See the Supplementary Note for a full list of acknowledgments. NR 62 TC 213 Z9 253 U1 18 U2 199 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1060 EP + DI 10.1038/ng.2372 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 001WP UT WOS:000308491200021 PM 22885923 ER PT J AU Hiltpold, I Hibbard, BE French, BW Turlings, TCJ AF Hiltpold, Ivan Hibbard, Bruce E. French, B. Wade Turlings, Ted C. J. TI Capsules containing entomopathogenic nematodes as a Trojan horse approach to control the western corn rootworm SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Entomopathogenic nematodes; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Heterorabditidae; Western corn rootworm; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Chrysomelidae; Application technique; Biological control; Belowground pest management; Plant protection ID CHRYSOMELIDAE LARVAL INJURY; GAS-EXCHANGE PARAMETERS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; HOST LOCATION; NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; INFECTED CADAVERS; CALCIUM ALGINATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Aims The use of entomopathogenic nematodes in the biological control of soil insect pests is hampered by the costly and inadequate application techniques. As a possible solution we evaluated a nematode encapsulation approach that offers effective application and may possibly attract the pest by adding attractants to the capsule shell. Methods Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes, which show high virulence against the maize root pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, were encapsulated in a polysaccharide shell derived from the algae Laminaria ssp. Shells of varying thickness and composition were evaluated. Results Nematodes readily survived the encapsulation process and were able, varying with shell thickness and temperature, to break through the shell and subsequently infect hosts. The added attractants and feeding stimulants to the shell attracted the pest larvae as much as maize roots. In field trials, encapsulated H. bacteriophora nematodes were more effective in controlling D. v. virgifera than those sprayed in water over the soil surface, but in these trials the addition of stimulants did not increase the control efficiency. Conclusions The study demonstrates that nematodes can be successfully applied in capsules in the field. Further improvements are needed to make the capsules a cost effective alternative to conventional field application of nematodes. C1 [Hiltpold, Ivan; Turlings, Ted C. J.] Univ Neuchatel, Fundamental & Appl Res Chem Ecol FARCE Lab, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [French, B. Wade] USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Turlings, TCJ (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Fundamental & Appl Res Chem Ecol FARCE Lab, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. EM ted.turlings@unine.ch RI Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012; Hiltpold, Ivan/D-1666-2016 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X; Hiltpold, Ivan/0000-0001-6374-6684 FU Swiss economic stimulus grant FX We thank all the members of the FARCE lab at the University of Neuchatel, in particular Gregory Roeder and Christophe Praz for their support and stimulating discussions and Matthias Held for his valuable advice in statistical analyses. We would like to thank the U. S. Department of Agriculture field crew in Columbia, MO, USA, for their help in the field. H. bacteriopohora were kindly provided by LANDI-Reba AG (R. Burger, Basel, Switzerland) and Becker Underwood (J. Graesh, Ames, IA, USA). The work was supported by a Swiss economic stimulus grant awarded to the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Plant Survival. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD SEP PY 2012 VL 358 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11104-012-1253-0 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 997TW UT WOS:000308190400003 ER PT J AU Hauvermale, AL Ariizumi, T Steber, CM AF Hauvermale, Amber L. Ariizumi, Tohru Steber, Camille M. TI Gibberellin Signaling: A Theme and Variations on DELLA Repression SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS SEED-GERMINATION; BARLEY ALEURONE CELLS; E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; SCARECROW-LIKE 3; F-BOX SUBUNIT; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN SLR1; DEPENDENT DEGRADATION C1 [Hauvermale, Amber L.; Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, Mol Plant Sci Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Steber, Camille M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ariizumi, Tohru] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Gene Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. RP Steber, CM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Mol Plant Sci Program, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM csteber@wsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0850981] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0850981). NR 111 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 78 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 160 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1104/pp.112.200956 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 004IN UT WOS:000308675100010 PM 22843665 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Zhang, ZF Carriquiry, AL Gunn, JP Kuklina, EV Saydah, SH Yang, QH Moshfegh, AJ AF Cogswell, Mary E. Zhang, Zefeng Carriquiry, Alicia L. Gunn, Janelle P. Kuklina, Elena V. Saydah, Sharon H. Yang, Quanhe Moshfegh, Alanna J. TI Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003-2008 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIETARY-SODIUM; UNITED-STATES; HYPERTENSION; METAANALYSIS; COLLECTION; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES AB Background: The American Heart Association (AHA), Institute of Medicine (IOM), and US Departments of Health and Human Services and Agriculture (USDA) Dietary Guidelines for Americans all recommend that Americans limit sodium intake and choose foods that contain potassium to decrease the risk of hypertension and other adverse health outcomes. Objective: We estimated the distributions of usual daily sodium and potassium intakes by sociodemographic and health characteristics relative to current recommendations. Design: We used 24-h dietary recalls and other data from 12,581 adults aged >= 20 y who participated in NHANES in 2003-2008. Estimates of sodium and potassium intakes were adjusted for within-individual day-to-day variation by using measurement error models. SEs and 95% CIs were assessed by using jackknife replicate weights. Results: Overall, 99.4% (95% Cl: 99.3%, 99.5%) of US adults consumed more sodium daily than recommended by the AHA (<1500 mg), and 90.7% (89.6%, 91.8%) consumed more than the IOM Tolerable Upper Intake Level (2300 mg). In US adults who are recommended by the Dietary Guidelines to further reduce sodium intake to 1500 mg/d (ie, African Americans aged >= 51 y or persons with hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease), 98.8% (98.4%, 99.2%) overall consumed >1500 mg/d, and 60.4% consumed >3000 mg/d-more than double the recommendation. Overall, <2% of US adults and similar to 5% of US men consumed >= 4700 mg K/d (ie, met recommendations for potassium). Conclusion: Regardless of recommendations or sociodemographic or health characteristics, the vast majority of US adults consume too much sodium and too little potassium. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:647-57. C1 [Cogswell, Mary E.; Zhang, Zefeng; Gunn, Janelle P.; Kuklina, Elena V.; Yang, Quanhe] CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Saydah, Sharon H.] CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Carriquiry, Alicia L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Moshfegh, Alanna J.] ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), CDC, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Mailstop K-72,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mcogswell@cdc.gov FU CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services; Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH [3R01HL091024-02S1] FX Supported by the CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services; the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; and the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH (grant no. 3R01HL091024-02S1 to ALC). NR 50 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 647 EP 657 DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.034413 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993MM UT WOS:000307863800025 PM 22854410 ER PT J AU Tang, GW Hu, YM Yin, SA Wang, Y Dallal, GE Grusak, MA Russell, RM AF Tang, Guangwen Hu, Yuming Yin, Shi-an Wang, Yin Dallal, Gerard E. Grusak, Michael A. Russell, Robert M. TI beta-Carotene in Golden Rice is as good as beta-carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children (Retracted article. See vol. 102, pg. 715, 2015) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication ID ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; CHINESE ADULTS; BIOEFFICACY; VEGETABLES; EQUIVALENCE; DEFICIENCY; PROVITAMIN; CONVERSION; INDONESIA AB Background: Golden Rice (GR) has been genetically engineered to be rich in beta-carotene for use as a source of vitamin A. Objective: The objective was to compare the vitamin A value of beta-carotene in GR and in spinach with that of pure beta-carotene in oil when consumed by children. Design: Children (n = 68; age 6-8 y) were randomly assigned to consume GR or spinach (both grown in a nutrient solution containing 23 atom% (H2O)-H-2) or [H-2(8)]beta-carotene in an oil capsule. The GR and spinach beta-carotene were enriched with deuterium (H-2) with the highest abundance molecular mass (M) at M beta+C+H-2(10). [C-13(10)]Retinyl acetate in an oil capsule was administered as a reference dose. Serum samples collected from subjects were analyzed by using gas chromatography electron-capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the enrichments of labeled retinol: M-retinol+4 (from [H-2(8)]beta-carotene in oil), M-retinol+5 (from GR or spinach [H-2(10)]beta-carotene), and M-retinol+10 (from [C-13(10)]retinyl acetate). Results: Using the response to the dose of [C-13(10)]retinyl acetate (0.5 mg) as a reference, our results (with the use of AUC of molar enrichment at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the labeled doses) showed that the conversions of pure beta-carotene (0.5 mg), GR beta-carotene (0.6 mg), and spinach beta-carotene (1.4 mg) to retinol were 2.0, 2.3, and 7.5 to 1 by weight, respectively. Conclusions: The beta-carotene in GR is as effective as pure beta-carotene in oil and better than that in spinach at providing vitamin A to children. A bowl of similar to 100 to 150 g cooked GR (50 g dry weight) can provide similar to 60% of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake of vitamin A for 6-8-y-old children. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00680212. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:658-64. C1 [Tang, Guangwen; Dallal, Gerard E.; Russell, Robert M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hu, Yuming] Hunan Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Yin, Shi-an] Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yin] Zhejiang Acad Med Sci, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, ARS, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Russell, Robert M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [581950-9-001, 58-6250-6-001, 581950-7-707]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH [NIDDK DK620021]; National Technology Research and Development Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China [2008BAI58B03] FX This material is based on work supported by the US Department of Agriculture under Cooperative Agreements 581950-9-001, 58-6250-6-001, and 581950-7-707; by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH (NIDDK DK620021); and by a grant on spinach and pure labeled beta-carotene from the National Technology Research and Development Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China (2008BAI58B03). NR 37 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 16 U2 164 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 96 IS 3 BP 658 EP 664 DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.030775 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993MM UT WOS:000307863800026 PM 22854406 ER PT J AU Morales, CA Guard, J Sanchez-Ingunza, R Shah, DH Harrison, M AF Morales, Cesar A. Guard, Jean Sanchez-Ingunza, Roxana Shah, Devendra H. Harrison, Mark TI Virulence and Metabolic Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains with Different sefD Variants in Hens SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; FIMBRIAL ANTIGEN; FLAGELLA; GENES; COLONIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; ASSOCIATION; PHENOTYPE; ADHERENCE AB Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of a few Salmonella enterica serotypes that has SEF14 fimbriae encoded by the sef operon, which consists of 4 cotranscribed genes, sefABCD, regulated by sefR. A parental strain was used to construct a sefD mutant and its complement, and all 3 strains were compared for gene expression, metabolic properties, and virulence characteristics in hens. Transcription of sefD by wild type was suppressed at 42 degrees C and absent for the mutant under conditions where the complemented mutant had 10(3) times higher transcription. Growth of the complemented mutant was restricted in comparison to that of the mutant and wild type. Hens infected with the wild type and mutant showed decreased blood calcium and egg production, but infection with the complemented mutant did not. Thus, the absence of sefD correlated with increased metabolic capacity and enhanced virulence of the pathogen. These results suggest that any contribution that sefD makes to egg contamination is either unknown or would be limited to early transmission from the environment to the host. Absence of sefD, either through mutation or by suppression of transcription at the body temperature of the host, may contribute to the virulence of Salmonella enterica by facilitating growth on a wide range of metabolites. C1 [Morales, Cesar A.; Guard, Jean; Sanchez-Ingunza, Roxana] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Shah, Devendra H.] Washington State Univ, Univ Washington, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Harrison, Mark] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Guard, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. EM jean.guard@ars.usda.gov OI Shah, Devendra/0000-0001-6365-7868 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 18 BP 6405 EP 6412 DI 10.1128/AEM.00852-12 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999SX UT WOS:000308336400002 PM 22729535 ER PT J AU Bavananthasivam, J Dassanayake, RP Kugadas, A Shanthalingam, S Call, DR Knowles, DP Srikumaran, S AF Bavananthasivam, Jegarubee Dassanayake, Rohana P. Kugadas, Abirami Shanthalingam, Sudarvili Call, Douglas R. Knowles, Donald P. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI Proximity-Dependent Inhibition of Growth of Mannheimia haemolytica by Pasteurella multocida SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP; OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS; DOMESTIC SHEEP; MYCOPLASMA-OVIPNEUMONIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PNEUMONIA; LEUKOTOXIN; VIRULENCE; CONTACT; BACTERIOPHAGES AB Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Bibersteinia trehalosi have been identified in the lungs of pneumonic bighorn sheep (BHS; Ovis canadensis). Of these pathogens, M. haemolytica has been shown to consistently cause fatal pneumonia in BHS under experimental conditions. However, M. haemolytica has been isolated by culture less frequently than the other bacteria. We hypothesized that the growth of M. haemolytica is inhibited by other bacteria in the lungs of BHS. The objective of this study was to determine whether P. multocida inhibits the growth of M. haemolytica. Although in monoculture both bacteria exhibited similar growth characteristics, in coculture with P. multocida there was a clear inhibition of growth of M. haemolytica. The inhibition was detected at mid-log phase and continued through the stationary phase. When cultured in the same medium, the growth of M. haemolytica was inhibited when both bacteria were separated by a membrane that allowed contact (pore size, 8.0 mu m) but not when they were separated by a membrane that limited contact (pore size, 0.4 mu m). Lytic bacteriophages or bactericidal compounds could not be detected in the culture supernatant fluid from monocultures of P. multocida or from P. multocida-M. haemolytica cocultures. These results indicate that P. multocida inhibits the growth of M. haemolytica by a contactor proximity-dependent mechanism. If the inhibition of growth of M. haemolytica by P. multocida occurs in vivo as well, it could explain the inconsistent isolation of M. haemolytica from the lungs of pneumonic BHS. C1 [Bavananthasivam, Jegarubee; Dassanayake, Rohana P.; Kugadas, Abirami; Shanthalingam, Sudarvili; Call, Douglas R.; Knowles, Donald P.; Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ssrikumaran@vetmed.wsu.edu FU Wild Sheep Foundation; Eastern chapter; Idaho chapter; Oregon chapter; Washington chapter; Wyoming chapter; Wyoming Wildlife/Livestock Disease Partnership funds; Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition; U.S. Forest Service; WA Agricultural Research Center (D.R.C.) FX This research was partially supported by funds from the Wild Sheep Foundation and its Eastern, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming chapters; Wyoming Wildlife/Livestock Disease Partnership funds; Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition; the U.S. Forest Service; and the WA Agricultural Research Center NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 18 BP 6683 EP 6688 DI 10.1128/AEM.01119-12 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999SX UT WOS:000308336400037 PM 22798357 ER PT J AU Norman, KN Strockbine, NA Bono, JL AF Norman, Keri N. Strockbine, Nancy A. Bono, James L. TI Association of Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the O-Antigen Gene Cluster of Escherichia coli O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 with Serogroups and Genetic Subtypes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; DNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; SHIGA TOXIN; VIRULENCE GENES; PCR AMPLIFICATION; PARALLEL EVOLUTION; PROLONGED DIARRHEA; TARGETING GENES; CLINICAL-COURSE; UNITED-STATES AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are important food-borne pathogens capable of causing hemolytic-uremic syndrome. STEC O157:H7 strains cause the majority of severe disease in the United States; however, there is a growing concern for the amount and severity of illness attributable to non-O157 STEC. Recently, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) published the intent to regulate the presence of STEC belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 in nonintact beef products. To ensure the effective control of these bacteria, sensitive and specific tests for their detection will be needed. In this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the O-antigen gene cluster that could be used to detect STEC strains of the above-described serogroups. Using comparative DNA sequence analysis, we identified 22 potentially informative SNPs among 164 STEC and non-STEC strains of the above-described serogroups and designed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) assays to test the STEC allele frequencies in an independent panel of bacterial strains. We found at least one SNP that was specific to each serogroup and also differentiated between STEC and non-STEC strains. Differences in the DNA sequence of the O-antigen gene cluster corresponded well with differences in the virulence gene profiles and provided evidence of different lineages for STEC and non-STEC strains. The SNPs discovered in this study can be used to develop tests that will not only accurately identify O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 strains but also predict whether strains detected in the above-described serogroups contain Shiga toxin-encoding genes. C1 [Norman, Keri N.; Bono, James L.] ARS, USDA, USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Strockbine, Nancy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bono, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE USA. EM jim.bono@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 18 BP 6689 EP 6703 DI 10.1128/AEM.01259-12 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999SX UT WOS:000308336400038 PM 22798363 ER PT J AU Palmer, NA Saathoff, AJ Kim, J Benson, A Tobias, CM Twigg, P Vogel, KP Madhavan, S Sarath, G AF Palmer, Nathan A. Saathoff, Aaron J. Kim, Jaehyoung Benson, Andrew Tobias, Christian M. Twigg, Paul Vogel, Kenneth P. Madhavan, Soundararajan Sarath, Gautam TI Next-Generation Sequencing of Crown and Rhizome Transcriptome from an Upland, Tetraploid Switchgrass SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 454 FLX pyrosequencing; Bioenergy; Crowns and rhizomes; Switchgrass; Transcriptome; Transcription factors ID ARABIDOPSIS DEVELOPMENT; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; DISTINCT ROLES; LAND PLANTS; MYB FACTORS; EXPRESSION; LEAF; GENE; ENCODES; PROTEIN AB The crown and rhizome transcriptome of an upland tetraploid switchgrass cultivar cv Summer well adapted to the upper Midwest was investigated using the Roche 454-FLX pyrosequencing platform. Overall, approximately one million reads consisting of 216 million bases were assembled into 27,687 contigs and 43,094 singletons. Analyses of these sequences revealed minor contamination with non-plant sequences (< 0.5%), indicating that a majority were for transcripts coded by the switchgrass genome. Blast2Gos comparisons resulted in the annotation of similar to 65% of the contig sequences and similar to 40% of the singleton sequences. Contig sequences were mostly homologous to other plant sequences, dominated by matches to Sorghum bicolor genome. Singleton sequences, while displaying significant matches to S. bicolor, also contained sequences matching non-plant species. Comparisons of the 454 dataset to existing EST collections resulted in the identification of 30,177 new sequences. These new sequences coded for a number of different proteins and a selective analysis of two categories, namely, peroxidases and transcription factors, resulted in the identification of specific peroxidases and a number of low-abundance transcription factors expected to be involved in chromatin remodeling. KEGG maps for glycolysis and sugar metabolism showed high levels of transcript coding for enzymes involved in primary metabolism. The assembly provided significant insights into the status of these tissues and broadly indicated that there was active metabolism taking place in the crown and rhizomes at post-anthesis, the seed maturation stage of plant development. C1 [Sarath, Gautam] ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Palmer, Nathan A.; Saathoff, Aaron J.; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Sarath, Gautam] USDA, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Cent E Biomass Reg Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kim, Jaehyoung; Benson, Andrew] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Appl Genom & Ecol, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tobias, Christian M.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Twigg, Paul] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Madhavan, Soundararajan] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Palmer, Nathan A.; Saathoff, Aaron J.; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gautam.Sarath@ars.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-AI02-09ER64829]; USDA-ARS CRIS [5440-21000-028-00D] FX We thank Steve Masterson and Patrick Callahan for excellent technical support. This work was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy Grant Number DE-AI02-09ER64829, and USDA-ARS CRIS project 5440-21000-028-00D. The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of commercial products and organizations in this manuscript is solely to provide specific information. It does not constitute endorsement by USDA-ARS over other products and organizations not mentioned. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 649 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s12155-011-9171-1 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995BY UT WOS:000307983000010 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Johnson, JMF AF Archer, David W. Johnson, Jane M. F. TI Evaluating Local Crop Residue Biomass Supply: Economic and Environmental Impacts SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Gasification; Crop rotation; Tillage; Corn stover; Cellulosic biomass; Soil organic carbon; Soil erosion ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; CORN STOVER HARVEST; LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FEEDSTOCK; BIOENERGY; SYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; REMOVAL AB The increasing interest in energy production from biomass requires a better understanding of potential local production and environmental impacts. This information is needed by local producers, biomass industry, and other stakeholders, and for larger scale analyses. This study models biomass production decisions at the field level using a case example of a biomass gasification facility constructed at the University of Minnesota-Morris (UMM). This institutional-scale application has an anticipated feedstock demand of about 8,000 Mg year(-1). The model includes spatial impacts due to sub-field variation in soil characteristics and transportation costs. Results show that the amount of biomass producers could profitably supply within a 32.2-km radius of UMM increases as plant-gate biomass price increases from $59 to $84 Mg-1, with 588,000 Mg annual biomass supply at $84 Mg-1. Results also show that the most profitable tillage and crop rotation practices shift in response to increasing biomass price with producers shifting from a corn-soybean rotation toward continuous corn. While biomass harvest is conducive to increased soil erosion rates and reduced soil organic carbon levels, changes in crop production practices are shown to at least partially offset these impacts. Transportation costs tend to concentrate and intensify biomass production near the biomass facility, which also tends to concentrate environmental impacts near the facility. C1 [Archer, David W.] ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND USA. [Johnson, Jane M. F.] ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND USA. EM david.archer@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 FU USDA-ARS under Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP) FX This publication is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS under the Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP). NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 699 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s12155-012-9178-2 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995BY UT WOS:000307983000014 ER PT J AU Grapov, D Newman, JW AF Grapov, Dmitry Newman, John W. TI imDEV: a graphical user interface to R multivariate analysis tools in Microsoft Excel SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Summary: Interactive modules for Data Exploration and Visualization (imDEV) is a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet embedded application providing an integrated environment for the analysis of omics data through a user-friendly interface. Individual modules enables interactive and dynamic analyses of large data by interfacing R's multivariate statistics and highly customizable visualizations with the spreadsheet environment, aiding robust inferences and generating information-rich data visualizations. This tool provides access to multiple comparisons with false discovery correction, hierarchical clustering, principal and independent component analyses, partial least squares regression and discriminant analysis, through an intuitive interface for creating high-quality two- and a three-dimensional visualizations including scatter plot matrices, distribution plots, dendrograms, heat maps, biplots, trellis biplots and correlation networks. C1 [Grapov, Dmitry; Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grapov, Dmitry; Newman, John W.] ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Newman, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM John.Newman@ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS-NIH [T32-GM008799]; NIH-NIDDK [R01DK078328-01]; USDA-ARS intramural Project [5306-51530-016-19D] FX This work was funded in part by NIGMS-NIH T32-GM008799, NIH-NIDDK R01DK078328-01, and USDA-ARS intramural Project 5306-51530-016-19D. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 17 BP 2288 EP 2290 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts439 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 995OL UT WOS:000308019200017 PM 22815358 ER PT J AU Zenner, EK Heggenstaller, DJ Brose, PH Peck, JE Steiner, KC AF Zenner, Eric K. Heggenstaller, Daniel J. Brose, Patrick H. Peck, JeriLynn E. Steiner, Kim C. TI Reconstructing the competitive dynamics of mixed-oak neighborhoods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; NORTHERN RED OAK; STAND DEVELOPMENT; HARDWOOD STANDS; DIAMETER GROWTH; FOREST; USA; REGENERATION; APPALACHIANS; PENNSYLVANIA AB The disparity between the potential for latent oak dominance within a stand and their region-wide decline in importance value raises questions about the competitiveness of oaks in early stand dynamics. We reconstructed tree height growth dynamics in mixed-species neighborhoods to determine if currently dominant oaks were ever shorter than their competitors and at what age currently subordinate oaks fell behind. In 23-36 year old mixed-oak stands in two physiographic provinces of Pennsylvania, we identified dominant and subordinate northern red oaks (Quercus rubra L.) and chestnut oaks (Quercus prinus L.) competing with adjacent non-oaks (red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sweet birch (Betula lenta L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)) of equal crown class. In each stand, we randomly selected 20 tree neighborhoods and collected stem cross sections every metre from the base to the tip of each tree. In the Allegheny Plateau province, dominant northern red oaks never averaged more than 2 m shorter than their competitors, while by age 20, subordinate oaks were commonly more than 2 m behind. Dominant chestnut oaks in the Ridge and Valley province were never more than 1 m shorter than their competitors; subordinate oaks, however, were generally always at least a metre behind. In both regions, growth dynamics of currently subordinate trees were indistinguishable from those of currently dominant trees during their first decade. Because oaks that were considerably behind at age 15 were likely to be subordinate by age 30, the window of opportunity for release to prevent oaks from becoming permanently overtopped and unable to recover may thus be relatively early (age 10-20). C1 [Zenner, Eric K.; Heggenstaller, Daniel J.; Peck, JeriLynn E.; Steiner, Kim C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brose, Patrick H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Zenner, EK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 305 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM eric.zenner@psu.edu FU Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Bureau of Forestry; Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station [PEN-4225] FX Special thanks to Greg Sanford, Eric Baxter, Bob Brown, Dave Cole, Josh Hanson, Lance Meyer, John Schwartzer, Kevin Cook, and Derek Larson for their dedicated field and laboratory work. The manuscript was improved by the insights of Chad Oliver and an anonymous reviewer. We also thank the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, and Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Project PEN-4225 for financial support. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1714 EP 1723 DI 10.1139/X2012-119 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 998FF UT WOS:000308222100007 ER PT J AU Shakiba, E Chen, PY Gergerich, R Li, SX Dombek, D Shi, AN Brye, K AF Shakiba, Ehsan Chen, Pengyin Gergerich, Rose Li, Shuxian Dombek, Donald Shi, Ainong Brye, Kristofor TI Reactions of Mid-Southern U.S. Soybean Cultivars to Bean Pod Mottle Virus and Tobacco Ringspot Virus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED TRANSMISSION; PLANT-VIRUSES; MOSAIC-VIRUS; BUD BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE AB Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) are two important viral pathogens causing reduction of seed yield and quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Various BPMV and TRSV isolates have been observed, but no host resistance has been reported. The objective of this study was to screen a set of modern soybean cultivars for resistance or tolerance to BPMV and TRSV. A total of 303 cultivars currently grown in the mid-southern United States were screened in the greenhouse for their reactions to BPMV and TRSV. Each cultivar was inoculated with a mild and a virulent isolate of each virus. None of the cultivars tested was resistant to BPMV, but a range of tolerance to this virus was observed among the cultivars. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the presence of BPMV in the high and low tolerance cultivars. Tolerance to BPMV is associated with less of a reduction in plant height and biomass on infected plants. Cultivars were classified into four groups, high, moderate, low, and very low tolerance, on the basis of their having exhibited <= 20, 21 to 40, 41 to 60, or >60% of a reduction in plant height and <= 25, 26 to 50, 51 to 75, and >75% plant biomass reduction, respectively. None of the cultivars was resistant to TRSV, and all showed bud blight symptoms by 10 d after inoculation. However, 55 cultivars recovered 5 wk after inoculation, with more than 80% of the plants growing out of the bud blight symptoms and forming new leaves. The recovered plants, although systemically infected, clearly showed tolerance to TRSV at a later stage. These results may be helpful to soybean producers for selecting tolerant cultivars to grow in areas where BPMV and/or TRSV may cause problems in production. C1 [Shakiba, Ehsan; Chen, Pengyin; Brye, Kristofor] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Gergerich, Rose] Univ Arkansas, Dep Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Li, Shuxian] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Dombek, Donald] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Shi, Ainong] Syngenta Seeds, Slater, IA 50224 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pchen@uark.edu FU Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board; USDA-ARS [6402-21220-010-00] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Said Ghabrial for providing the BPMV isolates and Mr. John Guerber, the director of the Rosen Center, University of Arkansas, for his kind assistance for the greenhouse experiments. This research was partially supported by the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board and USDA-ARS (6402-21220-010-00). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1980 EP 1989 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.02.0073 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200002 ER PT J AU Shakiba, E Chen, PY Gergerich, R Li, SX Dombek, D Brye, K Shi, AN AF Shakiba, Ehsan Chen, Pengyin Gergerich, Rose Li, Shuxian Dombek, Donald Brye, Kris Shi, Ainong TI Reactions of Commercial Soybean Cultivars from the Mid South to Soybean Mosaic Virus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT DOMINANT GENES; PLANT-VIRUSES; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; ALLELISM; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; GERMPLASM; NECROSIS AB Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most important viral diseases, causing drastic reductions in seed yield and quality. Seven SMV strains, G1 through G7, have been identified, and three resistance loci, Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4, have been reported in the United States. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reactions of a set of modern soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars to SMV and to deduce which previously reported genes were involved in resistance. A total of 303 cultivars currently grown in the mid-southern United States were screened in the greenhouse with six SMV strains (G1, G2, G3, G5, G6, and G7). The results demonstrated that 189 cultivars were susceptible to all six SMV strains. Three cultivars were resistant to G1, G2, G3, G5, and G6 but developed stem-tip necrosis after infection with G7, so these were presumed to carry the Rsv1 allele. Sixty-six cultivars were resistant to G1 through G3 but susceptible to G5 through G7 and presumably carry Rsv1-y. One cultivar was resistant to G1 through G3 but necrotic to G5 through G7 and may carry Rsv1-k. Two cultivars probably carry Rsv1-t because they were resistant to G1, G2, G5, and G6 but necrotic to G3 and G7, and another two cultivars may carry Rsv1-n because they were necrotic to G1, G2, G5, and G6 but susceptible to G2 and G7. Four cultivars were susceptible to G1 through G3 but resistant to G5 through G7, and therefore they may carry Rsv3. Two cultivars were resistant to all six SMV strains, and therefore they may carry Rsv4, Rsv1-h, or two-gene combinations. There were 34 cultivars exhibiting unique SMV reaction patterns that may carry novel genes or alleles, including 23 cultivars that may carry novel alleles at the Rsv1 locus and 11 that may carry novel alleles at the Rsv3 locus. The results from this study can be used by breeders to choose resistant cultivars as parents in soybean breeding programs and by producers to select resistant cultivars in areas where SMV is a disease of concern for soybean production. C1 [Shakiba, Ehsan; Chen, Pengyin; Brye, Kris] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Gergerich, Rose] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Li, Shuxian] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Dombek, Donald] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Shi, Ainong] Syngenta Seeds, Slater, IA 50224 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pchen@uark.edu FU Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board; United Soybean Board FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Sue Tolin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University for providing the SMV strains and Mr. John Guerber, the Director of the Rosen Center, University of Arkansas, for his kind assistance for the greenhouse experiments. This research was partially supported by the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board and the United Soybean Board. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1990 EP 1997 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.04.0221 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200003 ER PT J AU Hulke, BS Bushman, BS Watkins, E Ehlke, NJ AF Hulke, Brent S. Bushman, Bradley S. Watkins, Eric Ehlke, Nancy J. TI Association of Freezing Tolerance to LpCBFIIIb and LpCBFIIIc Gene Polymorphism in Perennial Ryegrass Accessions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; WINTER HARDINESS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COLD TOLERANCE; L.; WINTERHARDINESS; TEMPERATURE; DISCOVERY; QUALITY; MARKERS AB Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is considered a premier turfgrass and forage grass worldwide yet susceptibility to freezing damage limits its use. C-repeat binding factor (CBF) dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) related genes are considered important for the regulation of abiotic stress in plants. In this study, CBF DREB-related genes in perennial ryegrass, also known as LpCBF genes, were resequenced from cultivated and landrace plants from a worldwide collection. A total of 109 plants survived clonal propagation and were tested for freezing tolerance. The resulting data was subjected to mixed model analysis to determine whether the freezing tolerance is related to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and indel markers within two genes, LpCBFIIIb and LpCBFIIIc. One major quantitative trait locus (QTL) was discovered in LpCBFIIIc for freezing tolerance, with the majority of the plants possessing the superior allele. Several minor loci were also discovered in this gene, but no significant loci were discovered in LpCBFIIIb. C1 [Hulke, Brent S.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Bushman, Bradley S.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Watkins, Eric] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dep Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ehlke, Nancy J.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hulke, BS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM brent.hulke@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2023 EP 2029 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0527 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200006 ER PT J AU Brace, RC Fehr, WR Graham, MA AF Brace, Ryan C. Fehr, Walter R. Graham, Michelle A. TI Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of an Allele Providing Resistance to a Cowpea Mild Mottle-Like Virus in Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; MARKERS; SYSTEM AB Damage to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from a Cowpea mild mottle-like virus (CPMMLV) (family Betaflexiviridae and genus Carlavirus) has been of increasing concern in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. Soybean cultivars and lines differing in their reaction to the virus have been identified. The first objective of our study was to determine the genetic basis of resistance and susceptibility of F-1 plants and 100 F-2-derived lines from the cross of 'IA3023' (resistant) x 'IA3024' (susceptible) using natural field infection in Puerto Rico and Mexico during 2011. All of the F-1 plants were susceptible, and the segregation of F-2-derived lines satisfactorily fit a ratio of 3 susceptible: 1 resistant, which indicated that resistance was controlled by a recessive allele at a single locus. The second objective of our study was to determine the genetic location of the locus by genotyping 93 of the F-2-derived lines. The molecular analysis identified a locus on chromosome 18 (linkage group G) at the same estimated genetic position as the marker BARCSOYSSR_18_0443 (89.8 cM). The locus was flanked by BARCSOYSSR_18_0456 (88.6 cM) and BARCSOYSSR_18_0458 (91.0 cM). The locus was designated Rbc1 and the resistance allele in IA3023 was identified as rbc1. Markers tightly linked to the Rbc1 locus can be used to select resistant progeny in segregating populations from crosses between resistant and susceptible parents. C1 [Brace, Ryan C.; Fehr, Walter R.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fehr, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wfehr@iastate.edu RI Graham, Michelle/C-7144-2013 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2109 EP 2114 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.01.0042 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200016 ER PT J AU Simko, I Hayes, RJ Kramer, M AF Simko, Ivan Hayes, Ryan J. Kramer, Matthew TI Computing Integrated Ratings from Heterogeneous Phenotypic Assessments: A Case Study of Lettuce Postharvest Quality and Downy Mildew Resistance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BREMIA-LACTUCAE REGEL; FIELD-RESISTANCE; ROMAINE LETTUCE; GRAND-RAPIDS; SHELF-LIFE; INHERITANCE; MICROARRAY; ICEBERG; MODEL AB Comparing performance of a large number of accessions simultaneously is not always possible. Frequently, only subsets of all accessions are tested in separate trials with only some (or none) of the accessions overlapping between subsets. Using standard statistical approaches to combine data from such a sparsely populated accession x trial matrix is precluded if different rating scales are used to evaluate accessions in those trials. Here we compare two approaches that can compute an overall linear rating for the performance of all accessions across a set of trials, even for accessions that were never tested together and were rated on dissimilar scales. We use data from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) postharvest quality collected on 178 accessions in 18 trials and assessment of lettuce resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel) performed on 583 accessions in 53 trials. The projected values (PV) approach uses a combination of principal component analysis and resampling to merge trial results and calculates an overall rating from real values. In contrast, the rank-aggregation (RA) approach uses an extension of the Rasch model to combine rank-ordered data from individual trials. We found high correlation between ratings produced by the two approaches for the postharvest quality (r = 0.803) and the resistance to downy mildew (r = 0.748). Combining data from multiple experiments identified lettuce accessions with a high level of resistance to the disease and a slow rate of deterioration when processed for salad. The PV and RA approaches also allow combining data from different laboratories or databases. C1 [Simko, Ivan; Hayes, Ryan J.] ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Kramer, Matthew] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ivan.simko@ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; Arizona Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Consultation and Training FX The authors thank Amy Atallah and Jose Orozco for assistance with evaluations of the trials. The California Leafy Greens Research Program and the Arizona Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Consultation and Training, have funded a portion of this project. The views and findings presented are the Grantee's and do not necessarily represent those of the State or the Arizona Department of Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2131 EP 2142 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0111 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200019 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Lin, M Bai, G AF Kolmer, J. A. Lin, M. Bai, G. TI Genetics of Leaf Rust Resistance in the Winter Wheat Line CI13227 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; LATENT PERIOD; COMMON WHEAT; INHERITANCE; TRITICINA; LR46 AB The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CI13227 with slow rusting resistance to leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., was crossed and backcrossed to 'Thatcher' (Tc) wheat. Backcross F-2 families were tested for seedling resistance and segregated in a 1:1 ratio for families that segregated for resistance and families that were homozygous susceptible. The BC1F2 resistant seedlings were progeny tested for infection type (IT) as BC1F3 lines and compared for IT with near-isogenic lines of Tc with alleles at the Lr3 locus. The BC1F3 lines and the Tc line with Lr3ka had nearly identical IT. The F-2 progeny of a resistant BC1F3 plant and a Tc line with Lr3ka did not segregate for IT confirming that CI13227 had an allele at the Lr3 locus. The BC1F2 plants from families that were homozygous susceptible as seedlings were tested as adults for leaf rust IT. Resistant BC1F2 adult plants were selected and advanced to BC1F6 by single seed descent. A single BC1F6 plant was crossed with Tc, and the Tc*3/CI13227 population advanced to F-6. The F-6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for leaf rust resistance at two locations. Molecular mapping with Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers detected a major locus for resistance on chromosome 1BL. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker specifi c for Lr46 also mapped in the 1BL region associated with resistance. Quantitative trait loci on 2DS, 2B, and 7BL for slow rusting resistance in CI13227 detected in previous experiments were not detected in this study. CI13227 has seedling resistance gene Lr3ka and likely has the adult plant resistance gene Lr46. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lin, M.; Bai, G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, G.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jKolmer@umn.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2166 EP 2172 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0136 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200022 ER PT J AU Hung, HY Holland, JB AF Hung, Hsiao-Yi Holland, James B. TI Diallel Analysis of Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination in Maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KERNEL INFECTION; LINES; GRAIN; CORN; ACCUMULATION; POPULATIONS; MONILIFORME; PERFORMANCE; HYBRIDS AB The fungus Fusarium verticillioides infects maize (Zea mays L.) ears and kernels, resulting in Fusarium ear rot disease, reduced grain yields, and contamination of grain with the mycotoxin fumonisin. Hybrid maize breeding programs involve selection for both inbred and hybrid performance; the emphasis placed on inbred versus hybrid selection depends on heritability of and the genetic correlation between resistance in the different generations. The objectives of this study were to assess the importance of general combing ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination and to estimate the correlation between resistance measured in inbred and hybrid generations. We evaluated a diallel mating of 18 inbred lines from different heterotic groups with different levels of resistance. Hybrids had 27% less ear rot and 30% less fumonisin content than their inbred parents, demonstrating the importance of hybrid vigor to disease resistance. Both GCA and SCA were significant for yield and disease resistance, and inbred performance per se and corresponding GCA in hybrids were significantly correlated (r >= 0.78). Genetic variation for resistance was greater in inbred lines than among hybrids, however. These results suggest that the most efficient way to improve Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination resistances in hybrids is to evaluate and select among inbred lines before using resources to create and evaluate hybrids. C1 [Hung, Hsiao-Yi; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Holland, James B.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU USDA-ARS; North Carolina State University; Corn Growers Association of North Carolina FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS, North Carolina State University, and Corn Growers Association of North Carolina. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2173 EP 2181 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.03.0154 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200023 ER PT J AU Simons, K Anderson, JA Mergoum, M Faris, JD Klindworth, DL Xu, SS Sneller, C Ohm, JB Hareland, GA Edwards, MC Chao, SM AF Simons, Kristin Anderson, James A. Mergoum, Mohamed Faris, Justin D. Klindworth, Daryl L. Xu, Steven S. Sneller, Clay Ohm, Jae-Bom Hareland, Gary A. Edwards, Michael C. Chao, Shiaoman TI Genetic Mapping Analysis of Bread-Making Quality Traits in Spring Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT; DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATION; WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; RED WINTER-WHEAT; X AC-DOMAIN; BAKING QUALITY; QTL-ANALYSIS; COMMON WHEAT AB In this study we assess the genetic architecture of bread-making quality traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A mapping population derived from BR34 and 'Grandin' was used to measure 20 end-use quality traits including six kernel, seven milling and flour, four dough mixing strength, and three bread-making traits. A total of 31 quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with all but two traits were identified. These QTL were clustered in five chromosomal regions, namely 1BS, 1DL, 4BL, 5BL, and 6AS, and explained a large proportion of trait variation with favorable alleles contributed by both parents. The 1DL cluster containing the high molecular weight glutenin gene, Glu-D1, had a large genetic influence on dough mixing strength and bread-making performance. Most of the QTL affecting kernel traits were clustered on 6AS. Inconsistency of QTL locations detected from different environments was observed for the flour and milling traits and was likely due to genotype x environment interaction (G x E) effects. Despite high heritabilities estimated for the 20 quality traits evaluated, no QTL were found for flour brightness and bake water absorption, suggesting that these traits may be controlled by QTL with small effects that could not be detected due to the small population size. Because of the complex inheritance of these traits, it will be necessary to validate these QTL in different spring wheat backgrounds evaluated in similar growth conditions as used in this study before the marker information can be used for breeding applications. C1 [Simons, Kristin; Chao, Shiaoman] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. [Mergoum, Mohamed] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Faris, Justin D.; Klindworth, Daryl L.; Xu, Steven S.; Edwards, Michael C.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Sneller, Clay] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ohm, Jae-Bom; Hareland, Gary A.] N Dakota State Univ, ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Chao, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM shiaoman.chao@ars.usda.gov RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) CRIS [5442-22000-033-00D] FX The authors thank Dawn Feltus, Zhixia Niu, and Qijun Zhang for technical assistance and Guotai Yu for help in statistical analysis. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) CRIS Project No. 5442-22000-033-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2182 EP 2197 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.03.0175 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200024 ER PT J AU Olivera, PD Badebo, A Xu, SS Klindworth, DL Jin, Y AF Olivera, Pablo D. Badebo, Ayele Xu, Steven S. Klindworth, Daryl L. Jin, Yue TI Resistance to Race TTKSK of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici in Emmer Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST RESISTANCE; TURGIDUM SSP DICOCCUM; COMMON WHEAT; VIRULENCE; ACCESSIONS; SR31; SYSTEM; SR24; LEAF AB Race TTKSK (Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is a serious threat to wheat production worldwide because of its wide virulence on many cultivars and rapid spread. Emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] is known to be a source of resistance to stem rust but has not been evaluated against race TTKSK. In attempts to identify and characterize stem rust resistance genes effective against race TTKSK at the seedling stage, we evaluated 359 accessions of emmer wheat with race TTKSK and other races with broad virulence. A high frequency (31.8%) of accessions were resistant to TTKSK at the seedling stage with low infection types ranging from 2(=) to 2(+). Thirty-seven accessions exhibited a resistant to moderately resistant response in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, and St. Paul, MN, nurseries in 2010 and 2011. Studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of TTKSK resistance in five accessions at the seedling stage. Results from evaluating F-2 and F-2:3 generations revealed that resistance was conferred by single genes. One additional gene effective against race TTTTF was identified in the resistant parents. Results from this study indicated that emmer wheat is a source of resistance to race TTKSK and may contribute novel resistance genes. Since emmer wheat shares the same genome as durum [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] wheat and is in cultivated form, resistance genes should be easily transferred to durum wheat by conventional breeding approaches. C1 [Olivera, Pablo D.; Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Badebo, Ayele] EIAR, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. [Xu, Steven S.; Klindworth, Daryl L.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Jin, Yue] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Yue.Jin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; Durable Rust Resistance of Wheat (DRRW), Cornell University FX This research is funded by USDA-ARS and the Durable Rust Resistance of Wheat (DRRW), Cornell University. The authors acknowledge Lucy Wanschura, Sam Gale, and GebreHiwot Abraha for their technical assistance. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2234 EP 2242 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.12.0645 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200029 ER PT J AU Robins, JG AF Robins, Joseph G. TI Variation Within Accessions of Switchgrass Germplasm for Dry Matter Yield and Forage Quality in a Semiarid Environment SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PANICUM-VIRGATUM; CROPS; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; SELECTION; NITROGEN; CLIMATE; USA AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is valued for conservation, forage, and biofuel in many areas of North America and worldwide. The extent of switchgrass productivity has not been characterized under semiarid conditions. A study was designed to characterize the variation within a set of 114 switchgrass germplasm accessions and six switchgrass cultivars for dry matter yield, crude protein, in vitro true digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber under limited irrigation conditions at a Millville, UT, field site from 2008 to 2010. Variation among the accessions for each of these traits was greater than zero within individual harvests and across the four harvests. Accession x harvest variation was also greater than zero for each trait. A set of 11 switchgrass accessions, including the cultivar 'Cave-in-Rock', were identified that had consistently high phenotypic values for each of the traits at the several harvests. The highest dry matter yield values at any harvest (similar to 4 Mg ha(-1)) were low compared to other regions of the United States. However, the identified genetic variation for dry matter yield and forage quality was sufficient to improve germplasm for these traits either for use in semiarid regions or to increase the drought tolerance of germplasm used in wetter regions. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2253 EP 2261 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.01.0031 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200031 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Bushman, BS Jensen, KB Blaser, G AF Robins, Joseph G. Bushman, B. Shaun Jensen, Kevin B. Blaser, Greg TI Genetic Variation for Morphology and Maturity Among the Half-Sib Progeny of Nine Orchardgrass Germplasm Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED PRODUCTION; FORAGE GRASSES; MANAGEMENT; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; PROGRESS; OREGON; YIELD; HAY AB Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) acreage has declined compared to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). With the intent of developing new sources of orchardgrass germplasm, 162 half-sib families from six orchardgrass germplasm populations and three orchardgrass cultivars were evaluated during 2008 for maturity and plant morphology at locations in Idaho and Utah. Genetic similarity of the populations was also characterized using simple sequence repeat markers. Genetic variation between families differed from zero for seven of the nine traits evaluated, with broad-sense heritability estimates ranging from 0.26 (flag leaf width) to 0.74 (maturity). For each trait that exhibited genetic variation, half-sib families were identified that possessed trait values similar to or more extreme than the values corresponding to the included commercial orchardgrass cultivars. Through principle component analysis, potential groupings of half-sib families with similar phenotypic characteristics were identified; for example, taller plants with earlier maturity. Therefore, germplasm could be targeted for development of improved orchardgrass with maturity and morphology suitable to specific management practices, such as short stature, narrow leaves, and late maturity for mixture with legumes. C1 [Robins, Joseph G.; Bushman, B. Shaun; Jensen, Kevin B.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Blaser, Greg] Brigham Young Univ Idaho, Dept Agribusiness Plant & Anim Sci, Rexburg, ID 83460 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2276 EP 2282 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0120 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200033 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Petrie, SE Franchini, MC Evans, M AF Johnson, R. C. Petrie, S. E. Clara Franchini, Maria Evans, Marc TI Yield and Yield Components of Winter-Type Safflower SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; GERMPLASM; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a minor yet widely grown oil seed crop adapted to semiarid regions. The development of winter adapted safflower, permitting fall planting, could substantially increase seed production. Our objective was to compare seed production of winter-type and spring-type safflower under fall and spring planting regimes. From 2006 to 2009 four winter-type safflower germplasms and two spring cultivars were compared at Central Ferry, WA, Pullman, WA, and Pendleton, OR, in seven year-location combinations. For all years and locations the minimum average winter temperatures in December and January were always below freezing, with annual extremes ranging from -11 to -26 degrees C. Extensive winter mortality of fall-planted, spring-type cultivars generally resulted in little or no seed production. For each year, seed production of fall-planted, winter-type germplasm was always higher than when spring planted (P < 0.05), averaging 310 g m(-2) or 66% more. That advantage was also observed at all locations within years except Pullman and Pendleton in 2009. Anthesis of fall-planted germplasm averaged 16 d earlier than when spring planted. Increased production of fall-planted winter-type germplasm was most closely associated with increased seeds per square meter resulting from more capitula per square meter or seeds per capitulum. The results showed that fall-planted winter-type safflower has the potential to substantially increase seed production compared to spring types. C1 [Johnson, R. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm & Testing Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Petrie, S. E.] Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Adams, OR 97810 USA. [Clara Franchini, Maria] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Agron, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Evans, Marc] Washington State Univ, Dept Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm & Testing Unit, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rcjohnson@wsu.edu FU Washington State University; Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation FX Thanks to Melissa Scholten and Connie Foiles for their technical assistance. We gratefully acknowledge support of Washington State University and the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation for this research. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2358 EP 2364 DI 10.2135/cropsci2011.12.0659 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200042 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Grazing Management of Flaccidgrass Pastures in Autumn SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIG BLUESTEM; STEER PERFORMANCE; TROPICAL GRASSES; DIGESTA KINETICS; FREEZE TOLERANCE; DRY-MATTER; SWITCHGRASS; YIELD; CARBOHYDRATE; BERMUDAGRASS AB 'Carostan' flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.) is a perennial warm-season grass with potential for pasture, but appropriate autumn (September to November) management is needed to maintain forage mass (FM) production and prevent declines in plant density. We evaluated 10 treatments over 3 yr consisting of an ungrazed control, four treatments with multiple grazing events (MG), four treatments with a single grazing event (SG), and one treatment grazed after frost. The winter residues after the treatments were greatest (P < 0.01) when ungrazed compared with the grazed treatments (3347 vs. 2265 kg ha(-1)) and differed (P <= 0.01) among and between (P < 0.01) the MG and SG treatments. Plant density decreased from 13 to 27% with 8 to 10 wk of regrowth before frost. Greater plant density decline (60%) occurred when plots were grazed three times and only allowed 4 wk of regrowth before frost. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) of ungrazed basal stems, crowns, and roots sampled in December were 158, 193, and 250 g kg(-1), respectively, and when grazed were 124, 183, and 253 g kg(-1), respectively. By April TNC had declined 56, 35, and 25%, respectively. Plant density was not related to autumn total FM, FM regrowth, or overwintering residue but was related (P <= 0.02) to TNC of December roots (r = 0.59) and TNC of April basal stems (r = 0.42), crowns (r = 0.61), and roots (r = 0.66). Allowing 6 wk of regrowth before frost minimized plant density losses for fl accidgrass. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2392 EP 2402 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.01.0021 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200046 ER PT J AU Lamb, JFS Jung, HJG Riday, HE AF Lamb, JoAnn F. S. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Riday, Heathcliff E. TI Harvest Impacts on Alfalfa Stem Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration and Digestibility and Cell Wall Concentration and Composition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; GENETIC-VARIATION; YIELD; POPULATION; CULTIVAR; DEGRADABILITY; COMPONENTS; MORPHOLOGY; SELECTION; HERBAGE AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem fiber concentration and digestibility, lignin, and polysaccharide composition impact energy availability for livestock and biofuel conversion. We evaluated stem neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, 16- and 96-h in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), total cell wall (CW) concentration, and proportions of Klason lignin (KL), cellulose (CEL), pectin (PEC), and hemicellulose (HC) in the cell wall for eight germplasms at two plant densities at two locations harvested at early bud (four cuts) and late flower (three cuts) for 2 yr. Growth environment influences at each harvest had the greatest impact on stem quality traits while plant density had no effect. Stem NDF, CW, and CEL were greater at late flower while 16- and 96-h IVNDFD and PEC were greater at early bud. Stem KL and HC were variable but comparable at the two maturity stages. Correlations indicated that as NDF or CW increased, CEL increased, KL remained relatively constant, and 16-and 96-h IVNDFD and PEC decreased. The large variability in response for stem quality traits suggested that to modify stem fiber and cell wall composition, alfalfa will need to be screened over several harvests to identify plants with consistent differences in stem quality. C1 [Lamb, JoAnn F. S.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lamb, JoAnn F. S.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Riday, Heathcliff E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM JoAnn.Lamb@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 21 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2402 EP 2412 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.01.0027 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200047 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Intake and Digestibility of Big Bluestem Hay and Baleage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; SWITCHGRASS; BERMUDAGRASS; GAMAGRASS; SUNDOWN; SUNUP; LEAF; CUT AB Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) has potential to be a source of preserved forage for the mid-Atlantic Region. This 3-yr study compares its preservation as hay, direct-cut (DC) baleage, and wilted (WT) baleage when harvested in the late-boot to heading stage. The DC baleage averaged 373 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) and WT averaged 536 g kg(-1) DM. The DC baleage had a pH of 5.2 vs. 5.6 (P = 0.06) for the WT. Steer (Bos taurus) intakes of the DC and WT baleage were similar (1.72 kg per 100 kg body weight) and greater (P = 0.07) than intake of hay (1.52 kg per 100 kg body weight). Apparent total tract DM digestibility was greater (P = 0.03) for hay (545 g kg(-1)) than the similar (504 g kg(-1)) baleage treatments. Steers selected a diet with greater in vitro true DM disappearance (71 g kg(-1)) and not altered by preservation method. Rumination chews per day and chews per minute and total number of boluses per day were greater (P <= 0.10) for DC baleage, reflecting its greater (P = 0.07) DM intake. Big bluestem dried rapidly providing an advantage for conservation in humid regions. Forage cut by 0900 h reached 800 g kg(-1) DM by 1700 h when tedded and by 1100 h the second day in narrow swath. Forage cut at 1700 h reached 800 g kg(-1) DM by 1500 h the next day when tedded but not until 1100 h the third day in narrow swath. Big bluestem harvested at early heading is of moderate quality when preserved as hay or DC baleage and dries rapidly giving it a role in beef production systems in the humid mid-Atlantic Region. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2413 EP 2420 DI 10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0123 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 984TP UT WOS:000307215200048 ER PT J AU Potter, VJV Strissel, KJ Xie, C Chang, E Bennett, G Defuria, J Obin, MS Greenberg, AS AF Potter, Victoria J. Vieira Strissel, Katherine J. Xie, Chen Chang, Eugene Bennett, Grace Defuria, Jason Obin, Martin S. Greenberg, Andrew S. TI Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Reduced Insulin Sensitivity in Ovariectomized Mice Occurs in the Absence of Increased Adiposity SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; T-CELLS; ADIPOCYTE DEATH; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BONE LOSS; RESISTANCE; ESTROGEN; GLUCOSE; EXPRESSION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE-3 AB Menopause promotes central obesity, adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR). Both obesity and the loss of estrogen can activate innate and adaptive immune cells (macrophages, T cells). The respective impacts of weight gain and loss of ovarian hormones on AT inflammation and IR are poorly understood. Here we determined the temporal kinetics of fat accretion, AT inflammation, and IR over a 26-wk time course in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a model of menopause. OVX and sham-operated (SHM) C57BL6 mice were fed a normal chow diet. Weight, body composition (magnetic resonance imaging), total and regional adiposity, activity, food intake, AT crown-like structures, biohumoral measures, and insulin sensitivity (insulin tolerance testing and homeostatic model assessment) were determined at wk 12, 20, and 26. Macrophages and T cells from perigonadal AT were immunophenotyped by fluorescence-associated cell sorting, and perigonadal adipose tissue (PGAT) gene expression was quantified by quantitative PCR. OVX mice (similar to 31 g) became fatter than SHM mice (similar to 26 g) by wk 12, but mice were equally insulin sensitive. PGAT of OVX mice contained more T cells but expressed higher levels of M2-M phi(arginase-1) and T cell-regulatory (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4) genes. At wk 20, both OVX and SHM mice weighed approximately 35 g and were equally insulin sensitive with comparable amounts of PGAT and total body fat. OVX mice became less insulin sensitive than SHM mice by wk 26, coincident with the down-regulation of PGAT arginase-1 (-20-fold) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (2-fold) and up-regulation of M1/Th1 genes CD11c (+2-fold), IL12p40 (+2-fold), and interferon-gamma (+78-fold). Ovarian hormone loss in mice induces PGAT inflammation and IR by mechanisms that can be uncoupled from OVX-induced obesity. (Endocrinology 153: 4266-4277, 2012) C1 [Potter, Victoria J. Vieira; Strissel, Katherine J.; Xie, Chen; Chang, Eugene; Bennett, Grace; Defuria, Jason; Obin, Martin S.; Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM vicki.vieira@gmail.com; andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu OI Vieira-Potter, Victoria/0000-0001-7563-0806 FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R24 DK087669, DK082574, R24 DK0867669]; USDA Agricultural Service [RO1DK074979-01A1, 58-1950-7-707]; [T32-DK062032-20]; [GB-T32-HL069772-09] FX This work was supported by grant R24 DK087669, DK082574, and R24 DK0867669 from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to (A.S.G.), grant RO1DK074979-01A1 (to A.S.G., K.J.S., and M.S.O.), grant 58-1950-7-707 from USDA Agricultural Service (to A.S.G. and M.S.O.), and grants T32-DK062032-20 and GB-T32-HL069772-09 (to J.D.). NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 153 IS 9 BP 4266 EP 4277 DI 10.1210/en.2011-2006 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 997VH UT WOS:000308194900017 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA McWilliams, WH AF Westfall, James A. McWilliams, William H. TI Detecting change in advance tree regeneration using forest inventory data: the implications of type II error SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Type II error; Tree seedling; Species composition; Forest inventory ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; STATISTICAL POWER; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; PENNSYLVANIA; DYNAMICS; DEER; IMPACT; COST; FIRE AB Achieving adequate and desirable forest regeneration is necessary for maintaining native tree species and forest composition. Advance tree seedling and sapling regeneration is the basis of the next stand and serves as an indicator of future composition. The Pennsylvania Regeneration Study was implemented statewide to monitor regeneration on a subset of Forest Inventory and Analysis plots measured by the U.S. Forest Service. As management techniques are implemented to improve advance regeneration, assessments of the change in the forest resource are needed. When the primary focus is on detecting change, hypothesis tests should have small type II (beta) error rates. However, most analyses are based on minimizing type I (alpha) error rates and type II error rates can be quite large. When type II error rates are high, actual improvements in regeneration can remain undetected and the methods that brought these improvements may be deemed ineffective. The difficulty in detecting significant change in advance regeneration when small type I error rates are given priority is illustrated. For statewide assessments, power (1-beta) to detect changes in proportion of area having adequate advance regeneration is relatively weak (a parts per thousand currency sign0.5) when the change is smaller than 0.05. For evaluations conducted at smaller spatial scales, such as wildlife management units, the reduced sample size results in only marginal power even when relatively large changes (a parts per thousand yen0.20) in area proportion occur. For fixed sample sizes, analysts can consider accepting larger type I error rates to increase the probability of detecting change (smaller type II error rates) when it occurs, such that management methods that positively affect regeneration can be identified. C1 [Westfall, James A.; McWilliams, William H.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 184 IS 9 BP 5601 EP 5611 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2365-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986HI UT WOS:000307332300030 PM 21928150 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Harris-Coward, PY Ehrlich, KC Mack, BM Kale, SP Larey, C Calvo, AM AF Cary, Jeffrey W. Harris-Coward, Pamela Y. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Mack, Brian M. Kale, Shubha P. Larey, Christy Calvo, Ana M. TI NsdC and NsdD Affect Aspergillus flavus Morphogenesis and Aflatoxin Production SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY METABOLISM; SCLEROTIAL PRODUCTION; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE ENCODES; NIDULANS; PARASITICUS; LAEA; VEA; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The transcription factors NsdC and NsdD are required for sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans. We now show these proteins also play a role in asexual development in the agriculturally important aflatoxin (AF)-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus. We found that both NsdC and NsdD are required for production of asexual sclerotia, normal aflatoxin biosynthesis, and conidiophore development. Conidiophores in nsdC and nsdD deletion mutants had shortened stipes and altered conidial heads compared to those of wild-type A. flavus. Our results suggest that NsdC and NsdD regulate transcription of genes required for early processes in conidiophore development preceding conidium formation. As the cultures aged, the Delta nsdC and Delta nsdD mutants produced a dark pigment that was not observed in the wild type. Gene expression data showed that although AflR is expressed at normal levels, a number of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes are expressed at reduced levels in both nsd mutants. Expression of aflD, aflM, and aflP was greatly reduced in nsdC mutants, and neither aflatoxin nor the proteins for these genes could be detected. Our results support previous studies showing that there is a strong association between conidiophore and sclerotium development and aflatoxin production in A. flavus. C1 [Cary, Jeffrey W.; Harris-Coward, Pamela Y.; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.; Mack, Brian M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Kale, Shubha P.] Xavier Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, New Orleans, LA USA. [Larey, Christy; Calvo, Ana M.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. EM jeff.cary@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD SEP PY 2012 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1104 EP 1111 DI 10.1128/EC.00069-12 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 001FP UT WOS:000308446200003 PM 22798394 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Sanogo, S Flynn, R Baral, JB Bajaj, S Hughs, SE Percy, RG AF Zhang, Jinfa Sanogo, S. Flynn, R. Baral, Jit B. Bajaj, S. Hughs, S. E. Percy, Richard G. TI Germplasm evaluation and transfer of Verticillium wilt resistance from Pima (Gossypium barbadense) to Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Upland cotton; Pima cotton; Verticillium wilt; Resistance; Interspecific breeding ID YIELD; TOLERANCE; CULTIVARS; MATURITY; DAHLIAE; GENES; FIELD AB Verticillium wilt (VW, Verticillium dahliae) is a worldwide destructive soil-borne fungal disease and employment of VW resistant cultivars is the most economic and efficient method in sustainable cotton production. However, information concerning VW resistance in current commercial cotton cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima (Gossypium barbadense) to Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton is lacking. The objective of the current study was to report findings in evaluating commercial cotton cultivars and germplasm lines for VW resistance in field and greenhouse (GH) experiments conducted in 2003, 2006, and 2007. In the study, 267 cultivars and germplasm lines were screened in the GH, while 357 genotypes were screened in the field. The results indicated that (1) VW significantly reduced cotton yield, lint percentage, 50% span length and micronaire, but not 2.5% span length and fiber strength, when healthy and diseased plants in 23 cultivars were compared; (2) some commercial cotton cultivars developed by major cotton seed compani